questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves are related to what type of function?
Here are the choices:
A. pulmonary
B. respiratory
C. digestion
D. sensory | Sensory Nerves The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves (cranial nerves I, II, and VIII) are dedicated to four of the special senses: smell, vision, equilibrium, and hearing, respectively. Taste sensation is relayed to the brain stem through fibers of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. The trigeminal ner... | D: sensory. |
What happens when alkanes are mixed with oxygen at room temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. combustion
B. redox
C. single replacement
D. no reaction | Neither positive ions nor negative ions are attracted to a nonpolar molecule. In fact, the alkanes undergo so few reactions that they are sometimes called paraffins, from the Latin parum affinis, meaning “little affinity. ” Two important reactions that the alkanes do undergo are combustion and halogenation. Nothing hap... | D: no reaction. |
At the bottom of lakes and ponds, bacteria in what zone break down dead organisms that sink there?
Here are the choices:
A. trophic
B. photic
C. photoreactive zone
D. aphotic zone | Lakes and Ponds Lakes and ponds can range in area from a few square meters to thousands of square kilometers. Temperature is an important abiotic factor affecting living things found in lakes and ponds. In the summer, thermal stratification of lakes and ponds occurs when the upper layer of water is warmed by the sun an... | D: aphotic zone. |
What is the name for a heterotroph that eats only or mainly animal foods?
Here are the choices:
A. omnivore
B. macrophage
C. herbivore
D. carnivore | Some mammals are carnivores. Carnivores are heterotrophs that eat only or mainly animal foods. Depending on their species, carnivorous mammals may eat other mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, mollusks, worms, and/or insects. Mammals that are carnivores include anteaters, whales, hyenas, wolves, and seals. The ... | D: carnivore. |
What is the name of an extreme form of radiation fog?
Here are the choices:
A. smelt fog
B. aura fog
C. tule fog
D. cedar fog | Radiation fog forms at night. Skies are clear, and the relative humidity is high. The ground cools as temperature goes down. Air near the ground cools below its dew point. Tule fog is an extreme form of radiation fog. This type of fog strikes the Central Valley of California in winter. | C: tule fog. |
In what form is most of the earth's freshwater?
Here are the choices:
A. frozen
B. gas
C. liqued
D. steam | Oceans of salt water cover much of Earth’s surface. Freshwater is water that contains little or no salt. Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen in ice caps and glaciers. | A: frozen. |
What cells do lymphocytes originate from in the bone marrow?
Here are the choices:
A. calcium cells
B. brain cells
C. stem cells
D. kahp cells | C: stem cells. | |
What is the common name for a simple harmonic oscillator, which basically consists of a small object suspended on a wire or string?
Here are the choices:
A. metronome
B. yo-yo
C. pendant
D. pendulum | Pendulums are in common usage. Some have crucial uses, such as in clocks; some are for fun, such as a child’s swing; and some are just there, such as the sinker on a fishing line. For small displacements, a pendulum is a simple harmonic oscillator. A simple pendulum is defined to have an object that has a small mass, a... | D: pendulum. |
What kind of process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source?
Here are the choices:
A. Decay Process
B. Different Process
C. induced process
D. spontaneous process | Summary 16.1 Spontaneity Chemical and physical processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under certain conditions. A spontaneous process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source, while a nonspontaneous process requires such. Systems undergoing a spontaneous pro... | D: spontaneous process. |
What are fungus-like protists?
Here are the choices:
A. viruses
B. feces
C. molds
D. bacteria | Fungus-like protists are molds . They are absorptive feeders on decaying organic matter. They resemble fungi, and they reproduce with spores as fungi do. However, in other ways, they are quite different from fungi and more like other protists. For example, they have cell walls made of cellulose , whereas fungi have cel... | C: molds. |
Electrons exist only where the wave is what?
Here are the choices:
A. spinning
B. stable
C. seen
D. solid | In the 1920s, physicists discovered that electrons do not travel in fixed paths. In fact, they found that electrons only have a certain chance of being in any particular place. They could only describe where electrons are with mathematical formulas. That’s because electrons have wave-like properties as well as properti... | B: stable. |
What are the simplest hydrocarbons?
Here are the choices:
A. fossil fuels
B. complex carbohydrates
C. saturated hydrocarbons
D. unsaturated hydrocarbons | Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are the simplest hydrocarbons. They are called saturated because each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. In other words, the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen. You can see an example of a saturated hydrocarbon i... | C: saturated hydrocarbons. |
The shield type of what phenomenon commonly forms above hotspots in the oceans?
Here are the choices:
A. hurricane
B. tsunami
C. tornado
D. volcano | Shield volcanoes commonly form above hotspots in the oceans. | D: volcano. |
Bromide is present in brines, which are naturally occurring solutions of what?
Here are the choices:
A. magnesium
B. salt
C. iron
D. calcium | chlorine is added to an aqueous solution of bromide. iodine crystals are added to a solution of potassium bromide. Bromide is present in naturally occurring salt solutions called brines. Based on your answers, propose an effective method to remove bromide from brine. | B: salt. |
What shape are the eight sides of an octahedra?
Here are the choices:
A. square
B. hexagon
C. rectangles
D. triangles | Cubes have six sides that are all the same size square. All of the angles in a cube are equal to 90°. Rhombohedra also have six sides, but the sides are diamond-shaped. Octahedra have eight sides that are all shaped like triangles. | D: triangles. |
Unlike an adult sponge, what stage is motile due to cilia that propel it through water?
Here are the choices:
A. pupa
B. zygote
C. parasite
D. larva | Sperm are released into the surrounding water through the osculum. If they enter a female sponge through a pore, they may be trapped by collar cells. Trapped sperm are delivered to eggs inside the female body, where fertilization takes place. The resulting zygote develops into a larva. Unlike the adult, the larva is mo... | D: larva. |
What weather phenomenon, which may bring clouds and precipitation, is created by stalled air masses?
Here are the choices:
A. Horizontal Front
B. susceptible front
C. cool front
D. stationary front | Sometimes two air masses stop moving when they meet. These stalled air masses create a stationary front . Such a front may bring clouds and precipitation to the same area for many days. | D: stationary front. |
What keeps glaciers from forming in water?
Here are the choices:
A. warmth
B. skin
C. salt
D. movement | Glaciers form only on land because water is too warm. When a glacier flows into water, it usually breaks up into icebergs. Those icebergs eventually melt into the water. | A: warmth. |
The human skeleton is an endoskeleton that consists of 206 bones in the adult. it has five main functions: providing support to the body, storing minerals and lipids, producing blood cells, protecting internal organs, and this?
Here are the choices:
A. Forward movement
B. allowing movement
C. more movement
D. enough m... | The human skeleton is an endoskeleton that consists of 206 bones in the adult. It has five main functions: providing support to the body, storing minerals and lipids, producing blood cells, protecting internal organs, and allowing for movement. The skeletal system in vertebrates is divided into the axial skeleton (whic... | B: allowing movement. |
What's the name for the process where pollen is transferred to the ovules of a seed plant?
Here are the choices:
A. combination
B. condensation
C. pollination
D. hibernation | C: pollination. | |
At what time of the year can tornadoes occur?
Here are the choices:
A. any
B. summer
C. spring
D. winter | A: any. | |
How is sediment transported?
Here are the choices:
A. currents
B. winds
C. landslides
D. storms | The shore may have a lot of sediment washed from land or eroded from cliffs. The sediment is transported by currents. | A: currents. |
Where are all hormones secreted into before entering the circulatory system?
Here are the choices:
A. interstitial fluid
B. blood stream
C. Amniotic fluid
D. Cerebrospinal fluid | A: interstitial fluid. | |
Vertebrates have tissues which are organized into organs which in turn are organized into what?
Here are the choices:
A. information systems
B. maturation systems
C. organ systems
D. artificial systems | 24.4 Subphylum Vertebrata (Vertebra from Latin vertere, to turn). Characterized by separate bones or cartilage blocks firmly joined as a backbone. The backbone supports and protects a dorsal nerve cord. Vertebrates have tissues which are organized into organs which in turn are organized into organ systems. All vertebra... | C: organ systems. |
What can renewable resources can be replaced by?
Here are the choices:
A. human processes
B. fossil fuels
C. natural processes
D. change processes | Renewable resources can be replaced by natural processes as quickly as they are used. | C: natural processes. |
When warm air rises up to the tropopause, where does it flow?
Here are the choices:
A. north or south
B. east or north
C. west or south
D. east or west | Earth is hottest at the equator and gets cooler toward the poles. The differences in heating create huge convection currents in the troposphere. At the equator, for example, warm air rises up to the tropopause. It can’t rise any higher, so it flows north or south. | A: north or south. |
What kind of messages do neurons send?
Here are the choices:
A. electrical messages
B. digestive messages
C. Neurotic messages
D. minor messages | Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells, or neurons, which can send and receive electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain, spinal cord, and other nerves that run throughout the body. | A: electrical messages. |
What forces in liquids are strong enough to keep them from expanding significantly when heated?
Here are the choices:
A. outermolecular forces
B. intermolecular forces
C. particles forces
D. gravitational forces | Thermal Expansion The intermolecular forces in liquids are strong enough to keep them from expanding significantly when heated (typically only a few percent over a 100°C temperature range). Thus the volumes of liquids are somewhat fixed. Notice from Table 11.1 "The Density of Water at Various Temperatures" that the den... | B: intermolecular forces. |
Which chromosome is associated with cri du chat syndrome?
Here are the choices:
A. collagen 5
B. genome 5
C. spore 5
D. chromosome 5 | Chromosomal disorders also occur when part of a chromosome becomes damaged. For example, if a tiny portion of chromosome 5 is missing, the individual will have cri du chat (cat’s cry) syndrome. These individuals have misshapen facial features, and the infant’s cry resembles a cat’s cry. | D: chromosome 5. |
The strong affinity of concentrated sulfuric acid for water makes it a good agent of what?
Here are the choices:
A. dehydrating
B. diluting
C. concentrating
D. hydrating | The strong affinity of concentrated sulfuric acid for water makes it a good dehydrating agent. It is possible to dry gases and immiscible liquids that do not react with the acid by passing them through the acid. Sulfuric acid is a strong diprotic acid that ionizes in two stages. In aqueous solution, the first stage is ... | A: dehydrating. |
Where in the female body does egg production take place?
Here are the choices:
A. uterus
B. ovaries
C. endometrium
D. testes | Egg production takes place in the ovaries. It occurs in several steps:. | B: ovaries. |
What is the amorphous form of carbon prepared by the incomplete combustion of natural gas?
Here are the choices:
A. dark black
B. liquid black
C. carbon black
D. dioxide black | Atoms within a graphite layer are bonded together tightly by the σ and π bonds; however, the forces between layers are weak. London dispersion forces hold the layers together. To learn more, see the discussion of these weak forces in the chapter on liquids and solids. The weak forces between layers give graphite the so... | C: carbon black. |
What do gametes undergo to produce many additional copies of themselves?
Here are the choices:
A. prophase
B. angiogenesis
C. cytokinesis
D. mitosis | Life Cycles of Algae: Zygotic Meiosis (A), Gametic Meiosis (B) and Sporic Meiosis (C). In life cycle A (left), diploid (2n) zygotes result from fertilization and then undergo meiosis to produce haploid (n) gametes. The gametes undergo mitosis and produce many additional copies of themselves. How are life cycles B and C... | D: mitosis. |
The greenhouse effect on earth is caused by an increase in what in the atmosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon
B. satellites
C. phosphorous
D. vapor | Burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, releases carbon into the atmosphere. This carbon must be cycled - removed from the atmosphere - back into living organisms, or it stays in the atmosphere. Increased carbon in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect on Earth. | A: carbon. |
What is the term for the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celsius?
Here are the choices:
A. heat requirement
B. specific heat capacity
C. transferable heat
D. thermal heat capacity | The specific heat capacity (c) of a substance, commonly called its “specific heat,” is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (or 1 kelvin): q c= mΔT Specific heat capacity depends only on the kind of substance absorbing or releasing heat. It is an intensive ... | B: specific heat capacity. |
In animals, how many sets of chromosomes do gametes have?
Here are the choices:
A. 2
B. zero
C. one
D. 23 | C: one. | |
What scale measures acidity?
Here are the choices:
A. salinity scale
B. ph scale
C. richter scale
D. frequency scale | Note that Earth's axis of rotation is tilted. The axis is not perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic. This plane is the one that solar system bodies are mostly lined up in. | B: ph scale. |
What is sulfur trioxide dissolved in to form sulfuric acid?
Here are the choices:
A. lead
B. mercury
C. silver
D. water | Sulfuric acid is produced in extremely large quantities in the United States (about 40 million tons/year). This material is manufactured by oxidizing sulfur to form sulfur trioxide. The SO 3 is then dissolved in water to form the sulfuric acid. Most of the sulfuric acid produced is used in fertilizers. This acid is als... | D: water. |
Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of what?
Here are the choices:
A. prokaryotes
B. chromosomes
C. animals
D. ribosomes | 15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes. | B: chromosomes. |
The parasympathetic system can also be referred to as the what?
Here are the choices:
A. digestive system
B. badolato system
C. craniosacral system
D. lentivirus system | Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is named because its central neurons are located on either side of the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord (para- = “beside” or “near”). The parasympathetic system can also be referred to as the cra... | C: craniosacral system. |
Negative feedback controls insulin secretion by what organ?
Here are the choices:
A. pancreas
B. uterus
C. thyroid
D. liver | Negative feedback also controls insulin secretion by the pancreas. You can interact with a feedback loop of this process at the link below. http://www. abpischools. org. uk/page/modules/hormones/horm6. cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1. | A: pancreas. |
In the past, what colliding with planet earth has caused many organisms to die off?
Here are the choices:
A. asteroids
B. the Sun
C. acid rain
D. meteorites | Near-Earth asteroids have orbits that cross Earth’s orbit. This means that they can collide with Earth. There are over 4,500 known near-Earth asteroids. Small asteroids do sometimes collide with Earth. An asteroid about 5–10 m in diameter hits about once per year. Five hundred to a thousand of the known near-Earth aste... | A: asteroids. |
The number, size, shape, and banding pattern of chromosomes make them easily identifiable in a what?
Here are the choices:
A. karyogram
B. xerophyte
C. nanocyte
D. spirogyra | 13.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders The number, size, shape, and banding pattern of chromosomes make them easily identifiable in a karyogram and allows for the assessment of many chromosomal abnormalities. Disorders in chromosome number, or aneuploidies, are typically lethal to the embryo, although a few tris... | A: karyogram. |
What are the egg shaped organs on either side of the uterus?
Here are the choices:
A. kidneys
B. ovaries
C. testes
D. lungs | The two ovaries are small, egg-shaped organs that lie on either side of the uterus. They produce eggs and secrete estrogen. Each egg is located inside a structure called a follicle. Cells in the follicle protect the egg and help it mature. | B: ovaries. |
A voltaic cell uses what type of reaction to generate an electric current
Here are the choices:
A. spontaneous redox
B. chemical reaction
C. instantaneous redox
D. spontaneous catalyst | A voltaic cell uses a spontaneous redox reaction to generate an electric current. It is also possible to do the opposite. When an external source of direct current is applied to an electrochemical cell, a reaction that is normally nonspontaneous can be made to proceed. Electrolysis is the process in which electrical en... | A: spontaneous redox. |
Binary compounds of carbon with less electronegative elements are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. carbides
B. carborane
C. alkaloids
D. oxides | Note the Pattern Pi bonds between carbon and the heavier chalcogenides are weak due to poor orbital overlap. Binary compounds of carbon with less electronegative elements are called carbides. The chemical and physical properties of carbides depend strongly on the identity of the second element, resulting in three gener... | A: carbides. |
What makes viral stis more dangerous than other types?
Here are the choices:
A. they are more contagious
B. they are more severe
C. they are larger
D. they are incurable | This is the Human Papilloma Virus, which causes a viral STI. Viral STIs can be especially dangerous, as they cannot be cured. Once you get one, it's yours for life. And also, it's the person's you give it to. | D: they are incurable. |
What flows like taffy or hot wax?
Here are the choices:
A. sand dunes
B. water
C. gas
D. molten rock | Magma forms deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Rock melts below the surface under tremendous pressure and high temperatures. Molten rock flows like taffy or hot wax. Most magmas are formed at temperatures between 600 o C and 1300 o C ( Figure below ). | D: molten rock. |
What unit of measurement determines how far something travels in a given amount of time?
Here are the choices:
A. speed
B. distance
C. volume
D. density | How fast or slow something moves is its speed . Speed determines how far something travels in a given amount of time. The SI unit for speed is meters per second (m/s). Speed may be constant, but often it varies from moment to moment. | A: speed. |
What happens do the sound during a resonance?
Here are the choices:
A. it dissipates
B. it becomes quieter
C. amplified, it becomes louder
D. it echoes | Most musical instruments use resonance to amplify the sound waves and make the sounds louder. Resonance occurs when an object vibrates in response to sound waves of a certain frequency. In a musical instrument such as a guitar, the whole instrument and the air inside it may vibrate when a single string is plucked. This... | C: amplified, it becomes louder. |
With a diet of live animals such as birds, small mammals and fish, all crocodilians are considered what?
Here are the choices:
A. omnivores
B. carnivores
C. symbiotes
D. predators | All crocodilians are carnivores. They feed on live animals such as birds, small mammals and fish. Crocodilians use several methods of attack when pursuing live prey. One approach is that of the ambush. The crocodilian lies motionless beneath the water's surface with only their nostrils above the water line. This keeps ... | B: carnivores. |
Which types of compounds are more likely to burn easily?
Here are the choices:
A. salty
B. covalent
C. hydroxyl
D. chlorophyll | Many covalent compounds, especially those containing carbon and hydrogen, burn easily. In contrast, many ionic compounds do not burn. | B: covalent. |
Which of newton's law shows that there is a direct relationship between force and acceleration?
Here are the choices:
A. none of the above
B. third
C. first
D. second | Newton’s second law shows that there is a direct relationship between force and acceleration. The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate. For example, doubling the force on the object doubles its acceleration. The relationship between mass and acceleration, o... | D: second. |
Which proteins recognize and combine with harmful materials, including both toxic chemicals and invasive microorganisms?
Here are the choices:
A. essential amino acids
B. antibodies
C. enzymes
D. collagen | Antibodies – These proteins recognize and combine with harmful materials, including both toxic chemicals and invasive microorganisms (such as bacteria and viruses). When an antibody binds to its target, it is tagged for destruction. This tag is recognized by white blood cells, which complete the process. Some antibodie... | B: antibodies. |
What type of behavioral rhythms are linked to the yearly cycle of seasons?
Here are the choices:
A. biannual
B. annual
C. monthly
D. circannual | D: circannual. | |
What type of scientist uses earth-orbiting telescopes?
Here are the choices:
A. anthropologist
B. astrologer
C. astronomer
D. biologist | Astronomers use many tools to study things in space. Earth-orbiting telescopes view stars and galaxies from the darkness of space ( Figure below ). They may have optical and radio telescopes to see things that the human eye can't see. Spacecraft travel great distances to send back information on faraway places. | C: astronomer. |
Sponges possess an internal skeleton called what?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrostatic skeleton
B. fluid skeleton
C. exoskelton
D. endoskeleton | Sponges have an internal skeleton that gives them support and protection. An internal skeleton is called an endoskeleton . A sponge endoskeleton consists of short, sharp rods called spicules (see Figure below ). Spicules are made of silica, calcium carbonate, or spongin, a tough protein. They grow from specialized cell... | D: endoskeleton. |
A fundamental particle of matter, protons and neutrons are made of these?
Here are the choices:
A. neutrinos
B. atoms
C. quarks
D. particles | Protons and neutrons are made up of fundamental particles of matter called quarks. Electrons are another type of fundamental particles of matter called leptons. Bosons are fundamental particles that carry forces between fundamental particles of matter. | C: quarks. |
What is the name of the smaller molecules that make up proteins?
Here are the choices:
A. fundamental acids
B. amino acids
C. rna acids
D. DNA acids | Proteins are nutrients made up of smaller molecules called amino acids. The digestive system breaks down proteins in food to amino acids, which are used for protein synthesis. Proteins synthesized from the amino acids in food serve many vital functions. They make up muscles, control body processes, fight infections, an... | B: amino acids. |
What is the term for a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma
B. gravity
C. solid
D. fluid | Section Summary 11.1 What Is a Fluid? • A fluid is a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces. Liquids and gases are both fluids. Fluid statics is the physics of stationary fluids. | D: fluid. |
Many structures in fish are adaptations for what type of lifestyle?
Here are the choices:
A. asexual
B. carnivorous
C. symbiotic
D. aquatic | Many structures in fish are adaptations for their aquatic lifestyle. Several are described below and shown in Figure below . | D: aquatic. |
What takes place at some coastlines or along the equator and brings cool, nutrient-rich water to the surface?
Here are the choices:
A. red tide
B. high tide
C. upwelling
D. flooding | Upwelling takes place at some coastlines or along the Equator. Upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich water to the surface. | C: upwelling. |
The major classes of living members of this phylum include gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods?
Here are the choices:
A. invertebrates
B. crustaceans
C. mollusks
D. insects | There are approximately 160,000 living species and probably 70,000 extinct species of mollusks. They are typically divided into ten classes, of which two are extinct. The major classes of living mollusks include gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods ( Figure below ). | C: mollusks. |
What is the thin coat of phospholipids that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves?
Here are the choices:
A. blood
B. plasma
C. myelin
D. cell membrane | The cell membrane is a thin coat of phospholipids that surrounds the cell. It’s like the “skin” of the cell. It forms a physical boundary between the contents of the cell and the environment outside the cell. It also controls what enters and leaves the cell. The cell membrane is sometimes called the plasma membrane. | D: cell membrane. |
Because conditions are not ideal, most populations grow ____________.
Here are the choices:
A. SOCIALLY
B. logistically
C. historically
D. mathematically | Most populations do not live under ideal conditions and grow logistically instead. | B: logistically. |
Besides the inner membrane, where are many respiratory enzymes found?
Here are the choices:
A. cytoplasm
B. alveoli
C. the matrix
D. golgi apparatus | C: the matrix. | |
The most common elements have the most tightly bound __________.
Here are the choices:
A. atoms
B. nuclei
C. quarks
D. membrane | There are some noticeable spikes on the BE / A graph, which represent particularly tightly bound nuclei. These spikes reveal further details of nuclear forces, such as confirming that closed-shell nuclei (those with magic numbers of protons or neutrons or both) are more tightly bound. The spikes also indicate that some... | B: nuclei. |
What are particles that feel the strong nuclear force called?
Here are the choices:
A. mesons
B. hadrons
C. bosons
D. baryons | Hadrons and Leptons Particles can also be revealingly grouped according to what forces they feel between them. All particles (even those that are massless) are affected by gravity, since gravity affects the space and time in which particles exist. All charged particles are affected by the electromagnetic force, as are ... | B: hadrons. |
Aquatic producers need nutrients and what dissolved gas, which is more abundant near the surface of water?
Here are the choices:
A. helium
B. oxygen
C. methane
D. nitrogen | In addition to sunlight, aquatic producers also need dissolved oxygen and nutrients. Water near the surface generally contains more dissolved oxygen than deeper water. Many nutrients enter the water from the land. Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore. | B: oxygen. |
All elements are most stable when their outermost shell is filled with electrons according to which rule?
Here are the choices:
A. string rule
B. coupling rule
C. quartet rule
D. octet rule | Chemical Reactions and Molecules All elements are most stable when their outermost shell is filled with electrons according to the octet rule. This is because it is energetically favorable for atoms to be in that configuration and it makes them stable. However, since not all elements have enough electrons to fill their... | D: octet rule. |
What do you need to do to water to make it steam?
Here are the choices:
A. freeze it
B. stir it
C. cool it
D. heat it | Energy in a body of water can be gained or lost depending on conditions. When water is heated above a certain temperature steam is generated. The increase in heat energy creates a higher level of disorder in the water molecules as they boil off and leave the liquid. | D: heat it. |
When scientists work in natural settings rather than a lab, it is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. fieldwork
B. exploratory
C. outside work
D. extracurricular activity | Some life scientists mainly do lab research. Other life scientists, like the botanist in Figure below , work in natural settings. This is called fieldwork . Whether in the lab or the field, research in life science can be dangerous. It’s important to be aware of the risks and how to stay safe. | A: fieldwork. |
What is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned?
Here are the choices:
A. ferris oxide
B. hydrogen monoxide
C. hydrogen dioxide
D. carbon dioxide | Major reservoirs of carbon include sedimentary rocks, fossil fuels, and the ocean. Sediments from dead organisms may form carbon-containing sedimentary rocks. Alternatively, the sediments may form carbon-rich fossil fuels, which include oil, natural gas, and coal. Carbon can be stored in these reservoirs for millions o... | D: carbon dioxide. |
The leaf chameleon (brookesia micra) was discovered in northern madagascar in 2012. at just over one inch long, it is what?
Here are the choices:
A. first known chameleon
B. smallest known chameleon
C. largest chameleon
D. hottest known chameleon | Figure 27.1 The leaf chameleon (Brookesia micra) was discovered in northern Madagascar in 2012. At just over one inch long, it is the smallest known chameleon. (credit: modification of work by Frank Glaw, et al. , PLOS). | B: smallest known chameleon. |
Water and many metals are materials that have low resistance to electric currents and are therefore known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. electric conductors
B. electromagnets
C. radioactive
D. good insulators | Materials that have low resistance to electric current are called electric conductors . Many metals—including copper, aluminum, and steel—are good conductors of electricity. Water that has even a tiny amount of impurities in it is an electric conductor as well. | A: electric conductors. |
What is the name of the science that is concerned with naming and grouping organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. geology
B. biology
C. taxonomy
D. methodology | Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus (1707-1778) ( Figure below ) built on Aristotle’s work to create his own classification system. He invented the way we name organisms today, with each organism having a two word name. Linnaeus is considered the inventor of modern taxonomy , the science of naming and grouping organisms. | C: taxonomy. |
What substance can be identified by their atomic number and mass number?
Here are the choices:
A. structures
B. compounds
C. elements
D. solutions | Elements can be identified by their atomic number and mass number. | C: elements. |
What do you call the first cell of a new organism?
Here are the choices:
A. embryo
B. zygote
C. starter cell
D. egg | Cells divide repeatedly to produce an embryo. Previously the one-celled zygote (the first cell of a new organism) divided to make two cells (a). Each of the two cells divides to yield four cells (b), then the four cells divide to make eight cells (c), and so on. Through cell division, an entire embryo forms from one in... | B: zygote. |
What planet in our solar system has a moon with volcanic activity?
Here are the choices:
A. Mars
B. Saturn
C. jupiter
D. Venus | Earth is not the only active planetary body in the solar system. Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, is home to fantastic volcanic eruptions. Volcanism is much hotter than on Earth. Lava curtains and fountains are common. In this color image, the Galileo spacecraft spotted two volcanic plumes. One is spewing high above the pla... | C: jupiter. |
Kangaroos, koalas, and opossums are examples of what type of mammals?
Here are the choices:
A. carnivorous
B. cephalopods
C. monotremes
D. marsupials | By giving birth to tiny embryos, marsupial mothers are at less risk. However, the tiny newborn marsupial may be less likely to survive than a newborn placental mammal. The marsupial embryo completes its growth and development outside the mother’s body in a pouch. It gets milk by sucking on a nipple in the pouch. There ... | D: marsupials. |
Fe for iron and pb for lead are examples of elements known since ancient times, which have symbols based on their name in what language?
Here are the choices:
A. latin
B. arabic
C. italian
D. spanish | The figure below shows the most commonly used form of the periodic table. Each square shows the chemical symbol of the element along with its name. Notice that several of the symbols seem to be unrelated to the name of the element: Fe for iron, Pb for lead, etc. Most of these are the elements that have been known since... | A: latin. |
Referring to low what, hypovolemia may be caused by bleeding, dehydration, vomiting, severe burns, or some medications used to treat hypertension?
Here are the choices:
A. heart volume
B. brain volume
C. Secretion Volume
D. blood volume | Blood Volume The relationship between blood volume, blood pressure, and blood flow is intuitively obvious. Water may merely trickle along a creek bed in a dry season, but rush quickly and under great pressure after a heavy rain. Similarly, as blood volume decreases, pressure and flow decrease. As blood volume increases... | D: blood volume. |
What particles allow fungi to reproduce through unfavorable conditions?
Here are the choices:
A. quarks
B. spores
C. bosons
D. atoms | How about both? That would suggest that fungi can produce both diploid and haploid cells, which they can. Shown above are fungi mycelia and haploid spores. Spores allow fungi to reproduce through unfavorable conditions. | B: spores. |
What is the term for an underground layer of rock that is saturated with groundwater?
Here are the choices:
A. river
B. bason
C. delta
D. aquifer | An underground layer of rock that is saturated with groundwater is called an aquifer . A diagram of an aquifer is shown in Figure below . Aquifers are generally found in porous rock, such as sandstone. Water infiltrates the aquifer from the surface. The water that enters the aquifer is called recharge. | D: aquifer. |
Where do most ecosystems get energy from?
Here are the choices:
A. oceans
B. precipitation
C. forests
D. sunlight | Ecosystems need a constant input of energy to supply the needs of their organisms. Most ecosystems get energy from sunlight. A few ecosystems get energy from chemical compounds. | D: sunlight. |
Maintaining a high metabolic rate takes a lot of what?
Here are the choices:
A. calories
B. energy
C. fuel
D. food | Maintaining a high metabolic rate takes a lot of energy. The energy must come from food. Therefore, mammals need a nutritious and plentiful diet. The diets of mammals are diverse. Except for leaf litter and wood, almost any kind of organic matter may be eaten by mammals. | B: energy. |
Electrons can move from one atom to another; when they do, specimens called what, with overall electric charges, are formed?
Here are the choices:
A. cations
B. ions
C. atoms
D. molecules | So far, we have discussed elements and compounds that are electrically neutral. They have the same number of electrons as protons, so the negative charges of the electrons is balanced by the positive charges of the protons. However, this is not always the case. Electrons can move from one atom to another; when they do,... | B: ions. |
Energy is absorbed as reactants are converted to products in what kind of chemical reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. endothermic
B. synthesis
C. anaphoric
D. hydrostatic | For an endothermic chemical reaction, energy is absorbed as reactants are converted to products. Exothermic and endothermic reactions can be thought of as having energy as either a product of the reaction or a reactant. Exothermic reactions give off energy, so energy is a product. Endothermic reactions require energy, ... | A: endothermic. |
What is the permanent prevention of gamete production or release called?
Here are the choices:
A. insemination
B. fertilization
C. restoration
D. sterilization | D: sterilization. | |
Because pathogenic bacteria typically cause disease by releasing exotoxins or endotoxins, they have potential use as what type of weapon?
Here are the choices:
A. radioactive
B. bioterrorism
C. pandemic
D. nuclear missile | B: bioterrorism. | |
What cycle vital to plants includes a process called denitrification?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen cycle
B. sedimentation cycle
C. photosynthesis
D. carbon cycle | 3.4 NITROGEN: RUNNING IN CYCLES Introduction: In the previous assignment, you studied the carbon cycle. In a previous unit, you described the water cycle. Carbon and water are matter. As you learned in the first unit, matter cycles. Nitrogen is another form of matter that cycles. Like water and carbon, nitrogen is esse... | A: nitrogen cycle. |
Cerebral palsy is a disease caused by injury to what organ as it is developing?
Here are the choices:
A. brain
B. heart
C. liver
D. skin | Cerebral palsy is a disease caused by injury to the developing brain. The injury occurs before, during, or shortly after birth. Cerebral palsy is more common in babies that have a low weight at birth. But the cause of the brain injury is not often known. The disease usually affects the parts of the brain that control b... | A: brain. |
What substance is removed from waste as it passes through the large intestine?
Here are the choices:
A. air
B. blood
C. water
D. nutrients | Food waste enters the large intestine from the small intestine in a liquid state. As the waste moves through the large intestine, excess water is absorbed from it. The remaining solid waste is called feces. After a certain amount of feces have collected, a sphincter relaxes to let the feces pass out of the body through... | C: water. |
The distance between two consecutive z discs or z lines is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. sarcomere
B. ligule
C. radius
D. contractile | When a sarcomere shortens, some regions shorten whereas others stay the same length. A sarcomere is defined as the distance between two consecutive Z discs or Z lines; when a muscle contracts, the distance between the Z discs is reduced. The H zone—the central region of the A zone—contains only thick filaments and is s... | A: sarcomere. |
What is the largest taxonomic rank?
Here are the choices:
A. domain
B. sublet
C. top
D. core | Coming up with a scientific naming method may not seem like a big deal, but it really is. Prior to Linnaeus, there was no consistent way to name species. Names given to organisms by scientists were long and cumbersome. Often, different scientists came up with different names for the same species. Common names also diff... | A: domain. |
Which system is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?
Here are the choices:
A. peripheral nervous system
B. central nervous system
C. local nervous system
D. auxiliary nervous system | The motor division of the PNS carries nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands throughout the body. The nerve impulses stimulate muscles to contract and glands to secrete hormones. The motor division of the peripheral nervous system is further divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous s... | A: peripheral nervous system. |
The composition of the magma determines if the rock is mafic, felsic, or what?
Here are the choices:
A. magnetic
B. variable
C. porous
D. intermediate | The composition of the magma determines if the rock is mafic, felsic, or intermediate. | D: intermediate. |
The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion is called?
Here are the choices:
A. a parabola
B. linear
C. spherical
D. a triangle | The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion is a parabola. | A: a parabola. |
What type of animals breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults?
Here are the choices:
A. reptiles
B. mammals
C. insects
D. amphibians | Amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. They have a three-chambered heart and relatively complex nervous system. | D: amphibians. |
The most abundant formed elements in blood, erythrocytes are red, biconcave disks packed with an oxygen-carrying compound called this?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma
B. pus
C. hydrogen
D. hemoglobin | 18.3 Erythrocytes The most abundant formed elements in blood, erythrocytes are red, biconcave disks packed with an oxygen-carrying compound called hemoglobin. The hemoglobin molecule contains four globin proteins bound to a pigment molecule called heme, which contains an ion of iron. In the bloodstream, iron picks up o... | D: hemoglobin. |
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