questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What does the decomposition of dead organisms and organic waste release into the atmosphere, soil, or ocean?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. hydrogen
C. carbon
D. nitrogen | Decomposition of dead organisms and organic wastes releases carbon back to the atmosphere, soil, or ocean. | C: carbon. |
In which process do two light nuclei combine to produce a heavier nucleus and great energy?
Here are the choices:
A. light fusion
B. nuclear fusion
C. certain fusion
D. general fusion | Summary Nuclear reactions are accompanied by large changes in energy, which result in detectable changes in mass. The change in mass is related to the change in energy according to Einstein’s equation: ΔE = (Δm)c2. Large changes in energy are usually reported in kiloelectronvolts or megaelectronvolts (thousands or mill... | B: nuclear fusion. |
What results from the consumption of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food?
Here are the choices:
A. airborne diseases
B. foodborne diseases
C. hidebound diseases
D. parabens diseases | 22.4 Bacterial Diseases in Humans Devastating diseases and plagues have been among us since early times. There are records about microbial diseases as far back as 3000 B. Infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of death worldwide. Emerging diseases are those rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic ran... | B: foodborne diseases. |
What type of physical properties of a substance do not depend on amount?
Here are the choices:
A. intensive
B. stable
C. extensive
D. inherent | All matter has physical and chemical properties. Physical properties are characteristics that scientists can measure without changing the composition of the sample under study, such as mass, color, and volume (the amount of space occupied by a sample). Chemical properties describe the characteristic ability of a substa... | A: intensive. |
A wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. electromagnetic wave
B. thermal wave
C. propagate wave
D. mechanical wave | An electromagnetic wave is a wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. A familiar example will help you understand the fields that make up an electromagnetic wave. Think about a common bar magnet. It exerts magnetic force in an area surrounding it, called the magnetic field. You can see the magnetic... | A: electromagnetic wave. |
Both endocytosis and ______ are active transport processes.
Here are the choices:
A. biosynthesis
B. proteolysis
C. exocytosis
D. cellular respiration | Both endocytosis and exocytosis are active transport processes. | C: exocytosis. |
What type of roads and parking lots prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground?
Here are the choices:
A. paved
B. dirt
C. gravel
D. shaded | Paved roads and parking lots prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground. This increases runoff and the potential for soil erosion. | A: paved. |
What type of acid is often used as a preservative for acidic foods such as fruit juices?
Here are the choices:
A. sulfuric acid
B. citric acid
C. benzoic acid
D. hydrochloric acid | Benzoic acid crystals in polarized light are pictured above. Benzoic acid is widely used as a food preservative, either as the carboxylic acid or as the sodium benzoate salt. This compound is most effective when added to acidic foods such as fruit juices and soft drinks. The major industrial source of benzoic acid is t... | C: benzoic acid. |
Vascular plants evolved what basic structures to collect sunlight?
Here are the choices:
A. leaves
B. stems
C. roots
D. flowers | Vascular plants evolved leaves to collect sunlight. At first, leaves were tiny and needle-like, which helped reduce water loss. Later, leaves were much larger and broader, so plants could collect more light. | A: leaves. |
The entropy is decreasing because a gas is becoming a what?
Here are the choices:
A. solid
B. liquid
C. swirl
D. vapor cloud | The entropy is decreasing because a gas is becoming a liquid. | B: liquid. |
Sucrose does not undergo reactions that are typical of aldehydes and ketones, therefore it is a nonreducing what?
Here are the choices:
A. juice
B. sugar
C. salt
D. wheat | solution. In addition, sucrose does not undergo reactions that are typical of aldehydes and ketones. Therefore, sucrose is a nonreducing sugar. The hydrolysis of sucrose in dilute acid or through the action of the enzyme sucrase(also known as invertase) gives an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose. This 1:1 mixtu... | B: sugar. |
An electric stove changes electric current to what form of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. thermodynamic
B. thermal
C. nuclear
D. kinetic | Electric devices, such as lights and household appliances, change electric current to other forms of energy. For example, an electric stove changes electric current to thermal energy. Other common devices, such as mobile phones and computers, use electric current for another purpose: to encode information. A message en... | B: thermal. |
Mammals are endothermic vertebrates that have four limbs and produce what type of eggs?
Here are the choices:
A. umbilical
B. amniotic
C. epithelial
D. gymnoic | Mammals are endothermic vertebrates that have four limbs and produce amniotic eggs. Defining traits of mammals are fur or hair and mammary glands. Mammals are noted for the many different ways they can move and their specialized limbs. | B: amniotic. |
Which group of metals in the periodic table include elements such as sodium and potassium?
Here are the choices:
A. igneous metals
B. lanthanides
C. actinides
D. alkali metals | The first step in the process of inductive reasoning is making specific observations. In the periodic table of elements, which we will discuss later, there is a group of metals with similar properties called the alkali metals. The alkali metals include elements such as sodium and potassium. If I put sodium or potassium... | D: alkali metals. |
What is the term for force that opposes motion between any touching surfaces?
Here are the choices:
A. stress
B. gravity
C. friction
D. tension | All machines make work easier, but they don’t increase the amount of work that is done. You can never get more work out of a machine than you put into it. In fact, a machine always does less work on an object than the user does on the machine. That’s because a machine must use some of the work put into it to overcome f... | C: friction. |
Most animals are in which clade?
Here are the choices:
A. eutheria
B. bilateria
C. synapsids
D. metazoa | B: bilateria. | |
What system carries nerve impulses to internal organs, controlling activities that are not under your control, such as sweating and digesting food?
Here are the choices:
A. circulatory nervous system
B. hormonal nervous system
C. limbic nervous system
D. autonomic nervous system | The autonomic nervous system carries nerve impulses to internal organs. It controls activities that are not under your control, such as sweating and digesting food. The autonomic nervous system has two parts:. | D: autonomic nervous system. |
What are invertebrate chordates that retain all four defining chordate traits as adults called?
Here are the choices:
A. tunicates
B. sporozoans
C. lancelets
D. vertebrates | Lancelets are invertebrate chordates that retain all four defining chordate traits as adults. There are only about 25 species of living lancelets. Lancelets resemble tunicates in several ways. For example:. | C: lancelets. |
What has traditionally been defined as a force of attraction between two masses?
Here are the choices:
A. motion
B. volume
C. mass
D. gravity | Gravity has traditionally been defined as a force of attraction between two masses. According to this conception of gravity, anything that has mass, no matter how small, exerts gravity on other matter. The effect of gravity is that objects exert a pull on other objects. Unlike friction, which acts only between objects ... | D: gravity. |
What members of an ecosystem food chain take in food by eating producers or other living things?
Here are the choices:
A. consumers
B. primary producers
C. insectivores
D. decomposers | Consumers take in food by eating producers or other living things. | A: consumers. |
What are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis?
Here are the choices:
A. ribosomes
B. nucleus
C. chloroplasts
D. vacuoles | Ribosomes are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are found in all cells. | A: ribosomes. |
Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi are part of which system?
Here are the choices:
A. respiratory
B. digestive
C. nervous
D. neural | The organs of the respiratory system include the lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. | A: respiratory. |
What is necessary for growth and energy?
Here are the choices:
A. determination
B. warmth
C. nutrients
D. breeding | C: nutrients. | |
Bryophyta is the formal taxonomic name for the phylum that consists solely of what?
Here are the choices:
A. mosses
B. trees
C. grasses
D. lichens | A: mosses. | |
In humans, how many chromosomes does each somatic cell have?
Here are the choices:
A. 46
B. 48
C. 51
D. 36 | A: 46. | |
Like mitochondria, plastids contain their own what?
Here are the choices:
A. riboflavin
B. bacteria
C. dna
D. molecule | Like mitochondria, plastids contain their own DNA. Therefore, according to endosymbiotic theory, plastids may also have evolved from ancient, free-living prokaryotes that invaded larger prokaryotic cells. If so, they allowed early eukaryotes to make food and produce oxygen. | C: dna. |
Terrestrial and aquatic are the two basic categories of what, on earth?
Here are the choices:
A. substrates
B. biomes
C. dendrites
D. atmospheres | 20.3 | Terrestrial Biomes By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Identify the two major abiotic factors that determine the type of terrestrial biome in an area • Recognize distinguishing characteristics of each of the eight major terrestrial biomes Earth’s biomes can be either terrestrial or aquatic. Terres... | B: biomes. |
When dissolved in water, what do strong acids transfer to the solvent completely?
Here are the choices:
A. acidic neutrons
B. acidic protons
C. acidic electrons
D. acidic proteins | Strong acids completely transfer their acidic protons to the solvent when dissolved in water. When a weak acid is dissolved in water, most of the molecules will retain their acidic protons, and only a small percentage will dissociate. | B: acidic protons. |
On the atomic level, the dissolution of an ionic compound occurs when water interacts with the what in the crystal lattice?
Here are the choices:
A. ions
B. atoms
C. fractals
D. particles | The last property above requires some additional explanation. We are all familiar with the process of dissolution on a large scale. If you stir a spoonful of salt into a glass of water, the salt crystals are broken down and seem to disappear into the water. On the atomic level, the dissolution of an ionic compound occu... | A: ions. |
What is one method to observe nebulae?
Here are the choices:
A. kaleidoscope
B. telescope
C. mirror
D. microscope | Nebulae can be spotted with the naked eye or simple telescopes. | B: telescope. |
When alternating primary current passes through coil p, it does what to the iron core?
Here are the choices:
A. heats it
B. magnetizes it
C. electrilizes it
D. creates it | As you can see in Figure above , a transformer consists of two wire coils wrapped around an iron core. When alternating primary current passes through coil P, it magnetizes the iron core. Because the current is alternating, the magnetic field of the iron core keeps reversing. This changing magnetic field induces altern... | B: magnetizes it. |
What state of matter exists if particles do not have enough kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between them?
Here are the choices:
A. gas
B. plasma
C. solid
D. liquid | If particles do not have enough kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between them, matter exists as a solid. The particles are packed closely together and held rigidly in place. All they can do is vibrate. This explains why solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. | C: solid. |
What is the“packet” of energy called that the nucleus emits during gamma decay?
Here are the choices:
A. gamma particle
B. ultraviolet particle
C. transient particle
D. radioactive particle | Gamma rays are produced during gamma decay of an excited nucleus. During gamma decay, the nucleus emits a “packet” of energy called a gamma particle. | A: gamma particle. |
The movement of molten metal in earth's outer core creates?
Here are the choices:
A. the magnetic field
B. the stellar field
C. the gravitational field
D. earthquakes | The magnetic field has north and south poles. The magnetic poles do not exactly match the geographic poles. So the North Magnetic Pole is not the same as the geographic North Pole. The same is true of the South Pole. The magnetic field is created by the movement of molten metal in the outer core. | A: the magnetic field. |
Mechanical churning of food in what organ serves to further break it apart and expose more of its surface area to digestive juices, creating an acidic “soup” called chyme?
Here are the choices:
A. stomach
B. liver
C. kidneys
D. gall bladder | saliva. Although there may be a tendency to think that mechanical digestion is limited to the first steps of the digestive process, it occurs after the food leaves the mouth, as well. The mechanical churning of food in the stomach serves to further break it apart and expose more of its surface area to digestive juices,... | A: stomach. |
A constant and plentiful supply of oxygen is required in order to maintain a high rate of what?
Here are the choices:
A. digestion
B. magnesium
C. cell division
D. metabolism | Keeping the rate of metabolism high takes a constant and plentiful supply of oxygen. That’s because cellular respiration, which produces energy, requires oxygen. The lungs and heart of mammals are adapted to meet their oxygen needs. | D: metabolism. |
Organisms interact with each other and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal environment
B. physical environment
C. atmospheric environment
D. outside enviroment | B: physical environment. | |
What is the center of an earthquake called?
Here are the choices:
A. the core
B. the impact
C. the epicenter
D. the magnitude | Where an earthquake takes place is described by its focus and epicenter. | C: the epicenter. |
Calvin cycle reactions can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and this?
Here are the choices:
A. demarcation
B. creation
C. regeneration
D. transformation | The Calvin cycle reactions (Figure 5.15) can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration. In the stroma, in addition to CO2, two other chemicals are present to initiate the Calvin cycle: an enzyme abbreviated RuBisCO, and the molecule ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). RuBP has five atoms of ... | C: regeneration. |
What type of cells are arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of the leaf?
Here are the choices:
A. pattern - sheath cells
B. cell walls
C. bundle-sheath cells
D. cellulose | C: bundle-sheath cells. | |
How are the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas calculated?
Here are the choices:
A. stoichiometry
B. relativistic
C. casuistry
D. phytochemistry | The number of moles of carbon dioxide gas is first calculated by stoichiometry. Then the ideal gas law is used to calculate the volume of CO 2 produced. | A: stoichiometry. |
What is the name of the blood protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's assorted tissues?
Here are the choices:
A. insulin
B. hemoglobin
C. plasma
D. White Blood cells | Anemia is a disease that occurs when there is not enough hemoglobin in the blood to carry oxygen to body cells. Hemoglobin is the blood protein that normally carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Anemia leads to a lack of oxygen in organs. | B: hemoglobin. |
The sun and many other light sources produce waves that are randomly this?
Here are the choices:
A. colored
B. amplified
C. obfuscated
D. polarized | The Sun and many other light sources produce waves that are randomly polarized (see Figure 27.39). Such light is said to be unpolarized because it is composed of many waves with all possible directions of polarization. Polaroid materials, invented by the founder of Polaroid Corporation, Edwin Land, act as a polarizing ... | D: polarized. |
Each vertebral vein also flows into which vein?
Here are the choices:
A. trichina
B. brachiocephalic
C. spiral
D. xerophyte | The Superior Vena Cava The superior vena cava drains most of the body superior to the diaphragm (Figure 20.36). On both the left and right sides, the subclavian vein forms when the axillary vein passes through the body wall from the axillary region. It fuses with the external and internal jugular veins from the head an... | B: brachiocephalic. |
Almost all plants make food through what process?
Here are the choices:
A. glycolysis
B. evolution
C. hydrolysis
D. photosynthesis | Almost all plants make food by photosynthesis. | D: photosynthesis. |
What did darwin call the evolutionary concept of change in populations over generations?
Here are the choices:
A. reproduction with modifications
B. descent with modifications
C. metabolism with modifications
D. formation with modifications | Wallace and Darwin both observed similar patterns in other organisms and independently conceived a mechanism to explain how and why such changes could take place. Darwin called this mechanism natural selection. Natural selection, Darwin argued, was an inevitable outcome of three principles that operated in nature. Firs... | B: descent with modifications. |
Surprisingly, where would you find the earth’s tallest mountains and deepest canyons?
Here are the choices:
A. taiga
B. Tibet
C. ocean floor
D. rain forests | Scientists have learned a lot about the ocean floor. For example, they know that Earth’s tallest mountains and deepest canyons are on the ocean floor. The major features on the ocean floor are described below. They are also shown in Figure below . | C: ocean floor. |
The part of the shadow in which light is completely blocked is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. corona
B. penumbra
C. umbra
D. eclipse | The umbra is the part of the shadow in which light is completely blocked. | C: umbra. |
What is the name of the period of transition between the beginning of puberty and adulthood?
Here are the choices:
A. childhood
B. adolescence
C. maturation
D. aging | Adolescence is the period of transition between the beginning of puberty and adulthood. Adolescence is also a time of significant mental, emotional, and social changes. For example:. | B: adolescence. |
The formula unit of sodium chloride dissociates into one sodium ion and one?
Here are the choices:
A. magnesium ion
B. electron
C. oxygen ion
D. chloride ion | The formula unit of sodium chloride dissociates into one sodium ion and one chloride ion. The calcium nitrate formula unit dissociates into one calcium ion and two nitrate ions. This is because of the 2+ charge of the calcium ion. Two nitrate ions, each with a 1− charge are required to make the equation balance electri... | D: chloride ion. |
Fibrous root systems have many small branching roots called what?
Here are the choices:
A. fibrous roots
B. vines
C. tendrils
D. taproots | Fibrous root systems have many small branching roots, called fibrous roots , but no large primary root. The huge number of threadlike roots increases the surface area for absorption of water and minerals, but fibrous roots anchor the plant less securely. | A: fibrous roots. |
A system of glands secretes what chemical messenger molecules into the blood?
Here are the choices:
A. metabolytes
B. hormones
C. acids
D. enzymes | system of glands that secrete chemical messenger molecules called hormones into the blood. | B: hormones. |
In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different what?
Here are the choices:
A. organisms
B. atoms
C. organelles
D. electrons | Enzyme Compartmentalization In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different organelles. This allows for yet another level of regulation of enzyme activity. Enzymes required only for certain cellular processes can be housed separately along with their substrates, allowing for ... | C: organelles. |
What does the stable form of sulfur at room temperature contain?
Here are the choices:
A. eight-membered rings
B. six - membered rings
C. four - membered rings
D. electron shell | Larger amounts of sulfur also come from hydrogen sulfide recovered during the purification of natural gas. Sulfur exists in several allotropic forms. The stable form at room temperature contains eight-membered rings, and so the true formula is S8. However, chemists commonly use S to simplify the coefficients in chemica... | A: eight-membered rings. |
What term means the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. viscosity
B. concentration
C. turbidity
D. solubility | The solubility of a substance is the amount of that substance that is required to form a saturated solution in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature. Solubility is often measured as the grams of solute per 100 g of solvent. The solubility of sodium chloride in water is 36.0 g per 100 g water at 20°C. The... | D: solubility. |
What bone forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth?
Here are the choices:
A. subaerial bone
B. maxillary bone
C. tibular bone
D. orbital bone | Figure 7.14 Maxillary Bone The maxillary bone forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth. Each maxilla also forms the lateral floor of each orbit and the majority of the hard palate. | B: maxillary bone. |
What does increasing a solute's temperature do?
Here are the choices:
A. decrease its solubility
B. increases its solubility
C. increases its viscosity
D. no change | If a solute is a solid or liquid, increasing the temperature increases its solubility. For example, more sugar can dissolve in hot water than in cold water. | B: increases its solubility. |
What are the pyramid-shaped, paired organs that are connected to the trachea by the right and left bronchi?
Here are the choices:
A. kidneys
B. stomachs
C. lungs
D. ovaries | Gross Anatomy of the Lungs The lungs are pyramid-shaped, paired organs that are connected to the trachea by the right and left bronchi; on the inferior surface, the lungs are bordered by the diaphragm. The diaphragm is the flat, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs and thoracic cavity. The lungs are encl... | C: lungs. |
The global biosphere includes all areas of what?
Here are the choices:
A. life
B. study
C. science
D. geography | The global biosphere, which includes all areas that contain life, from the sea to the atmosphere. | A: life. |
Atomic orbitals from different atoms overlap to form what?
Here are the choices:
A. space orbitals
B. molecular orbitals
C. plasma orbitals
D. planet orbitals | Atomic orbitals from different atoms overlap to form molecular orbitals. | B: molecular orbitals. |
Particulates cause lung diseases. they can also increase the risk of heart disease and the number of what?
Here are the choices:
A. asthma attacks
B. cancer
C. shortness of breath
D. coughing | Particulates cause lung diseases. They can also increase the risk of heart disease and the number of asthma attacks. Particulates block sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface. This means there is less energy for photosynthesis. Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food. This affects whol... | A: asthma attacks. |
What reinforces the thin walls of the right ventricle and plays a crucial role in cardiac conduction?
Here are the choices:
A. moderator valve
B. moderator band
C. pores band
D. pores valve | The walls of the ventricle are lined with trabeculae carneae, ridges of cardiac muscle covered by endocardium. In addition to these muscular ridges, a band of cardiac muscle, also covered by endocardium, known as the moderator band (see Figure 19.9) reinforces the thin walls of the right ventricle and plays a crucial r... | B: moderator band. |
What kind of radiation is observed in honeycreeper birds?
Here are the choices:
A. symbiotic
B. adaptive
C. destructive
D. spontaneous | Figure 18.13 The honeycreeper birds illustrate adaptive radiation. From one original species of bird, multiple others evolved, each with its own distinctive characteristics. | B: adaptive. |
What do we call the worldwide radio-navigation system formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and their ground stations?
Here are the choices:
A. compass
B. radio waves
C. gps
D. cellular network | You must have a GPS receiver to use the system. You can buy many types of these in stores. The GPS receiver detects radio signals from nearby GPS satellites. There are precise clocks on each satellite and in the receiver. The receiver measures the time for radio signals from satellites to reach it. The receiver uses th... | C: gps. |
What substance can be eroded by wind or water?
Here are the choices:
A. metal
B. wood
C. sand
D. soil | Soil and water are renewable resources but may be ruined by careless human actions. Soil can be depleted of nutrients. It can also be eroded by wind or water. | D: soil. |
What unit of the nervous system consists of a cell body, dendrites, and axon?
Here are the choices:
A. neuron
B. Transmitter
C. mitochondria
D. ganglion | Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. They consist of a cell body, dendrites, and axon. | A: neuron. |
What are small planets in our solar system called?
Here are the choices:
A. light planets
B. Tiny planets
C. dwarf planets
D. scrub planets | Eris is the largest known dwarf planet in the solar system. It is 27 percent larger than Pluto ( Figure above ). Like Pluto and Makemake, Eris is in the Kuiper belt. But Eris is about 3 times farther from the Sun than Pluto. Because of its distance, Eris was not discovered until 2005. Early on, it was thought that Eris... | C: dwarf planets. |
What is electrons in the highest occupied principal energy level of an atom called?
Here are the choices:
A. gradient electrons
B. valence electrons
C. non-valence electrons
D. shell electrons | In the study of chemical reactivity, we will find that the electrons in the outermost principal energy level are very important and so they are given a special name. Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest occupied principal energy level of an atom. In the second period elements listed above, the two electro... | B: valence electrons. |
Pacemaker cells stimulate the spontaneous contraction of cardiac muscle as a functional unit, called a what?
Here are the choices:
A. adipocytes
B. tapetum
C. syncytium
D. coenocyte | 10.7 Cardiac Muscle Tissue Cardiac muscle is striated muscle that is present only in the heart. Cardiac muscle fibers have a single nucleus, are branched, and joined to one another by intercalated discs that contain gap junctions for depolarization between cells and desmosomes to hold the fibers together when the heart... | C: syncytium. |
A mineral’s crystal shape is determined by the way what objects are arranged?
Here are the choices:
A. Electrons
B. particles
C. molecules
D. atoms | The patterns of atoms that make a mineral affect its physical properties. A mineral’s crystal shape is determined by the way the atoms are arranged. For example, you can see how atoms are arranged in halite in Figure above . You can see how salt crystals look under a microscope in Figure below . Salt crystals are all c... | D: atoms. |
Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have a what?
Here are the choices:
A. cell nucleus
B. mitochondria
C. flagellum
D. cell wall | Eukaryotes evolved about 2 billion years ago. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have a cell nucleus. They have more structures and are better organized. Organelles within a eukaryote can perform certain functions. Some supply energy; some break down wastes. Eukaryotes were better able to live and so became the dominant li... | A: cell nucleus. |
What term is used to describe major changes in the genetic material?
Here are the choices:
A. mutational alterations
B. chromosomal alterations
C. generational alterations
D. eukaryotic alterations | Chromosomal Alterations. Chromosomal alterations are major changes in the genetic material. | B: chromosomal alterations. |
What type of rocks form when sediments are compacted and cemented together?
Here are the choices:
A. metamorphic rocks
B. sedimentary rocks
C. crystalline rocks
D. igneous rocks | Sedimentary rocks form when sediments are compacted and cemented together. Sediments are pieces of rock. They may be gravel, sand, silt, or clay. Some sedimentary rocks form the solid minerals left behind after a liquid evaporates. | B: sedimentary rocks. |
Processes in which matter changes between liquid and solid states are freezing and?
Here are the choices:
A. transpiration
B. melting
C. boiling
D. steaming | Processes in which matter changes between liquid and solid states are freezing and melting. | B: melting. |
Abrasion is a process of what type of weathering?
Here are the choices:
A. environmental
B. mechanical
C. molecular
D. geological | Ice wedging and abrasion are two important processes of mechanical weathering. | B: mechanical. |
Mendel’s observation of pea plants also included many crosses that involved multiple traits, which prompted him to formulate the principle of this?
Here are the choices:
A. independent contain
B. independent texture
C. dependent evolution
D. independent assortment | Mendel’s observation of pea plants also included many crosses that involved multiple traits, which prompted him to formulate the principle of independent assortment. The law states that the members of one pair of genes (alleles) from a parent will sort independently from other pairs of genes during the formation of gam... | D: independent assortment. |
The skull consists of cranial bones and what other type of bones?
Here are the choices:
A. superficial
B. subdermal
C. nasal
D. facial | The bones of the skull support the structures of the face and protect the brain. The skull consists of cranial bones and facial bones. The cranial bones form the cranial cavity, which encloses the brain and serves as an attachment site for muscles of the head and neck. In the adult they are tightly jointed with connect... | D: facial. |
Insects are arthropods in which class?
Here are the choices:
A. xerophyte
B. lexapoda
C. trichina
D. hexapoda | Insects are arthropods in the class Hexapoda. They are the most numerous organisms in the world. Most are terrestrial, and many are aerial. Insects have six legs and a pair of antennae for sensing chemicals. They also have several eyes and specialized mouthparts for feeding. Insects are the only invertebrates that can ... | D: hexapoda. |
What is the tail bone an example of?
Here are the choices:
A. parasitic structure
B. primordial structure
C. invertebrate structure
D. vestigial structure | Some of the most interesting evidence for evolution comes from vestigial structures . These are body parts that are no longer used but are still present in modern organisms. Examples in humans include tail bones and the appendix. | D: vestigial structure. |
What is the intersection point of the critical temperature and the critical pressure called?
Here are the choices:
A. peak point
B. instance point
C. critical point
D. basic juncture | Refer again to water’s phase diagram ( Figure above ). Notice point E, labeled the critical point . What does that mean? At 373.99°C, particles of water in the gas phase are moving very, very rapidly. At any temperature higher than that, the gas phase cannot be made to liquefy, no matter how much pressure is applied to... | C: critical point. |
Nuclear power plants produce electricity through what?
Here are the choices:
A. High Fission
B. severe fission
C. induced fission
D. intense fission | Nuclear power plants produce electricity through induced fission. | C: induced fission. |
When the body goes into survival mode, it's first priority is to produce enough of which substance for the brain?
Here are the choices:
A. blood
B. plasma
C. glucose
D. insulin | Starvation When the body is deprived of nourishment for an extended period of time, it goes into “survival mode. ” The first priority for survival is to provide enough glucose or fuel for the brain. The second priority is the conservation of amino acids for proteins. Therefore, the body uses ketones to satisfy the ener... | C: glucose. |
What do we consider the basic building blocks of life?
Here are the choices:
A. neurons
B. atoms
C. cells
D. muscles | Cells are the basic building blocks of life. They are like tiny factories where virtually all life processes take place. Some living things, like the bacteria in Figure above , consist of just one cell. They are called single-celled organisms. You can see other single-celled organisms in Figure 2.2. Some living things ... | C: cells. |
Which law describes the angle at which the reflected rays leave the surface is equal to the angle at which the incident rays strike the surface?
Here are the choices:
A. velocity
B. reflection
C. diffusion
D. gravity | One thing is true of both regular and diffuse reflection. The angle at which the reflected rays leave the surface is equal to the angle at which the incident rays strike the surface. This is known as the law of reflection . The law is illustrated in the Figure below and also in this animation: http://www. physicsclassr... | B: reflection. |
What major pigment in the photosynthetic system is based on a complex molecule and gives plants their green color?
Here are the choices:
A. cadmium
B. chlorophyll
C. melanin
D. chloroplasm | membrane gradients was known, Mitchell proposed that energy captured through the absorption of light (by phototrophs) or the breakdown of molecules into more stable molecules (by various types of chemotrophs) relied on the same basic (homologous) mechanism, namely the generation of H+ gradients across membranes (the pl... | B: chlorophyll. |
If heat is released by the system into the surroundings, a chemical reaction or physical change is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. static
B. exothermic
C. endothermic
D. biochemical | In the study of thermochemical processes, things are viewed from the point of view of the system. A chemical reaction or physical change is endothermic if heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings. In the course of an endothermic process, the system gains heat from the surroundings and so the temperature of ... | B: exothermic. |
A hydrostatic skeleton is a skeleton formed by a fluid-filled compartment within the body, called what?
Here are the choices:
A. coelom
B. thallus
C. clamon
D. endosperm | Hydrostatic Skeleton A hydrostatic skeleton is a skeleton formed by a fluid-filled compartment within the body, called the coelom. The organs of the coelom are supported by the aqueous fluid, which also resists external compression. This compartment is under hydrostatic pressure because of the fluid and supports the ot... | A: coelom. |
Sharks are an example of an animal with sharp vision that is nonetheless unable to distinguish what?
Here are the choices:
A. depth
B. contrast
C. color
D. shapes | C: color. | |
What performance-enhancing drugs are synthetic versions of the male sex hormone, testosterone?
Here are the choices:
A. progesterone
B. catabolic steroids
C. estrogen
D. anabolic steroids | Anabolic Steroids The endocrine system can be exploited for illegal or unethical purposes. A prominent example of this is the use of steroid drugs by professional athletes. Commonly used for performance enhancement, anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the male sex hormone, testosterone. By boosting natural leve... | D: anabolic steroids. |
What bonds cause water to have a high boiling point, leaving most water on earth in a liquid state rather than in a gaseous state?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen bonds
B. potassium bonds
C. helium bonds
D. carbon bonds | Hydrogen bonds cause water to have a relatively high boiling point of 100°C (212°F). Because of its high boiling point, most water on Earth is in a liquid state rather than in a gaseous state. Water in its liquid state is needed by all living things. Hydrogen bonds also cause water to expand when it freezes. This, in t... | A: hydrogen bonds. |
Each root is made of dermal, ground, and what type of tissue?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal
B. circulatory
C. vascular
D. organic | Each root is made of dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. | C: vascular. |
What is the measure of the change in velocity of a moving object called?
Here are the choices:
A. force
B. inclination
C. stimulation
D. acceleration | Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object. It measures the rate at which the change is occurring. It may reflect a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. Like velocity, acceleration is a vector. | D: acceleration. |
What is the name for medical doctors that specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. cardiologists
B. Doctors
C. surgeons
D. physicists | Cardiologist Cardiologists are medical doctors that specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart. After completing 4 years of medical school, cardiologists complete a three-year residency in internal medicine followed by an additional three or more years in cardiology. Following this 10-year perio... | A: cardiologists. |
Any place at which two bones are joined is called a what?
Here are the choices:
A. articulation
B. constriction
C. expression
D. modification | An articulation is any place at which two bones are joined. The humerus is the largest and longest bone of the upper limb and the only bone of the arm. It articulates with the scapula at the shoulder and with the forearm at the elbow. The forearm extends from the elbow to the wrist and consists of two bones: the ulna a... | A: articulation. |
In mammals, hair or fur help conserve bodily what?
Here are the choices:
A. food
B. water
C. energy
D. heat | Conserving heat is also important, especially in small mammals. A small body has a relatively large surface area compared to its overall size. Because heat is lost from the surface of the body, small mammals lose a greater proportion of their body heat than large mammals. Mammals conserve body heat with their hair or f... | D: heat. |
Echinoderms are marine organisms that make up which phylum?
Here are the choices:
A. annelida
B. chordata
C. cnidaria
D. echinodermata | Echinoderms are marine organisms that make up the phylum Echinodermata. They can be found in the ocean from the equator to the poles. There are roughly 6000 living species of echinoderms. They are among the most distinctive organisms within the animal kingdom. Members of the phylum include sea stars (starfish), sand do... | D: echinodermata. |
What kind of membrane do prokaryotic cells have?
Here are the choices:
A. cellulose
B. plasma membrane
C. plasma wall
D. cell wall | Like other cells, prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane (see Figure below ). It controls what enters and leaves the cell. It is also the site of many metabolic reactions. For example, cellular respiration and photosynthesis take place in the plasma membrane. | B: plasma membrane. |
What is the name of the cell that results when a sperm nucleus fuses with a egg nucleus?
Here are the choices:
A. a zygote
B. a filament
C. a cytoplasm
D. t cell | When a sperm penetrates the egg, it triggers the egg to complete meiosis. The sperm also undergoes changes. Its tail falls off, and its nucleus fuses with the nucleus of the egg. The resulting cell, called a zygote , contains all the chromosomes needed for a new human organism. Half the chromosomes come from the egg an... | A: a zygote. |
What makes a complete orbit around the earth once every 29 1/2 days?
Here are the choices:
A. the Sun
B. Mars
C. Gemini
D. the moon | D: the moon. | |
What general property of an earthquake is used to describe its relative strength?
Here are the choices:
A. amplitude
B. magnitude
C. latitude
D. resonance | Earthquake magnitude affects how much damage is done in an earthquake. A larger earthquake damages more buildings and kills more people than a smaller earthquake. But that's not the only factor that determines earthquake damage. The location of an earthquake relative to a large city is important. More damage is done if... | B: magnitude. |
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