questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What is the long-term average of weather in a particular spot called?
Here are the choices:
A. migration
B. climate
C. temperature
D. weather | Almost anything can happen with the weather. Climate, however, is more predictable. Climate is the long-term average of weather in a particular spot. Good climate is why we choose to vacation in Hawaii in February (usually on the leeward side). Of course, the weather is not guaranteed to be good! A location’s climate c... | B: climate. |
What are the three most common elements in the air we breathe?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen, nitrogen, H20
B. nitrogen, oxygen and argon
C. argon, oxygen, hydrogen
D. nitrogen, argon, hydrogen | Most nonmetals are poor conductors of heat. In fact, they are such poor conductors of heat that they are often used for insulation. For example, the down filling in this sleeping bag is full of air, which consists primarily of the nonmetal gases oxygen and nitrogen. These gases prevent body heat from escaping to the co... | B: nitrogen, oxygen and argon. |
Cirrus, stratus, and cumulus are the main types of what?
Here are the choices:
A. weather
B. clouds
C. climate
D. storms | Clouds are classified on the basis of where and how they form. Three main types of clouds are cirrus, stratus, and cumulus. Figure below shows these and other types of clouds. | B: clouds. |
Lymphatic capillaries are interlaced with the arterioles and venules of which system?
Here are the choices:
A. circulatory system
B. cardiovascular system
C. atmospheric system
D. skeletal systems | Figure 21.3 Lymphatic Capillaries Lymphatic capillaries are interlaced with the arterioles and venules of the cardiovascular system. Collagen fibers anchor a lymphatic capillary in the tissue (inset). Interstitial fluid slips through spaces between the overlapping endothelial cells that compose the lymphatic capillary. | B: cardiovascular system. |
What is required for communication?
Here are the choices:
A. transmission and reception of signals
B. transmission and weight of signals
C. lack and reception of signals
D. weight and reception of signals | A: transmission and reception of signals. | |
When gametes unite during fertilization, the resulting zygote inherits two of what for each gene, one from each parent?
Here are the choices:
A. genomes
B. molecules
C. alleles
D. chromosomes | When gametes unite during fertilization, the resulting zygote inherits two alleles for each gene. One allele comes from each parent. The alleles an individual inherits make up the individual’s genotype . The two alleles may be the same or different. As shown in Table below , an organism with two alleles of the same typ... | C: alleles. |
What provides an early, rapid, and nonspecific defense against invading pathogens?
Here are the choices:
A. microorganisms
B. toxins
C. neutrophils
D. bacteria | Figure 42.1 In this compound light micrograph purple-stained neutrophil (upper left) and eosinophil (lower right) are white blood cells that float among red blood cells in this blood smear. Neutrophils provide an early, rapid, and nonspecific defense against invading pathogens. Eosinophils play a variety of roles in th... | C: neutrophils. |
In a mammal the front part of the brain is called the what?
Here are the choices:
A. cerebrum
B. cerebellum
C. brain stem
D. thallus | Of all vertebrates, mammals have the biggest and most complex brain for their body size (see Figure below ). The front part of the brain, called the cerebrum , is especially large in mammals. This part of the brain controls functions such as memory and learning. | A: cerebrum. |
What term is used to describe joints in which the bones are connected by cartilage?
Here are the choices:
A. cartilaginous joints
B. capillaries joints
C. spinal joins
D. blob joints | Cartilaginous Joints Cartilaginous joints are joints in which the bones are connected by cartilage. There are two types of cartilaginous joints: synchondroses and symphyses. In a synchondrosis, the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage. Synchondroses are found in the epiphyseal plates of growing bones in children. In s... | A: cartilaginous joints. |
What type of tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract?
Here are the choices:
A. epithelial tissue
B. nervous tissue
C. connective tissue
D. muscle tissue | Muscle tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become shorter. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move. | D: muscle tissue. |
Recent fossil evidence has shown that the evolutionary divergence of what group from other land animals was characterized by streamlining and simplifying the digestive system, which allowed a high metabolic rate?
Here are the choices:
A. rats
B. marsupials
C. fish
D. birds | Avian Adaptations Birds have a highly efficient, simplified digestive system. Recent fossil evidence has shown that the evolutionary divergence of birds from other land animals was characterized by streamlining and simplifying the digestive system. Unlike many other animals, birds do not have teeth to chew their food. ... | D: birds. |
Probability can be used to predict the chance of gametes and offspring having certain what?
Here are the choices:
A. particles
B. alleles
C. atoms
D. molecules | Probability can be used to predict the chance of gametes and offspring having certain alleles. | B: alleles. |
What happens to the reaction rate over the course of a reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. reverses
B. slows down
C. stays the same
D. speeds up | At the beginning of the reaction, only the reactants A and B are present. Recall that over the course of a reaction, the reaction rate slows down. This is because the rate depends on the concentrations of one or more reactants. As the reactants are used up, their concentrations drop, thus decreasing the reaction rate. | B: slows down. |
The first reported nuclear fission occurred in 1939 when three german scientists bombarded uranium-235 atoms with slow-moving what?
Here are the choices:
A. protons
B. electrons
C. neutrons
D. isotopes | Nuclear Fission Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56 (se... | C: neutrons. |
What are temporary feet that protists have called?
Here are the choices:
A. pedicules
B. spontaneous pseudopodia
C. transient pseudopodia
D. temporary flagella | Other protists have what are called transient pseudopodia , which are like temporary feet. The cell surface extends out to form feet-like structures that propel the cell forward. An example of a protist with pseudopodia is the amoeba. | C: transient pseudopodia. |
Predicting the possible genotypes and phenotypes from a genetic cross is often aided by a what?
Here are the choices:
A. punnett square
B. axle square
C. dinobot square
D. balusters square | Though the above fruit may not result, it would be nice to scientifically predict what would result. Predicting the possible genotypes and phenotypes from a genetic cross is often aided by a Punnett square. | A: punnett square. |
What is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place?
Here are the choices:
A. parasitic
B. antagonistic
C. competition
D. symbiotic | Competition is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place. The resources might be food, water, or space. There are two different types of competition:. | C: competition. |
What is a collection of lymphatic tissue that combines with epithelial tissue lining the mucosa throughout the body?
Here are the choices:
A. spheroids associated lymphoid tissue ( malt )
B. unassociated lymphoid tissue
C. cottony associated lymphoid tissue ( malt )
D. mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (malt) | Mucosal Immune System The innate and adaptive immune responses compose the systemic immune system (affecting the whole body), which is distinct from the mucosal immune system. Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a crucial component of a functional immune system because mucosal surfaces, such as the nasal passag... | D: mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (malt). |
What is the term for individuals of a species that live in a particular habitat?
Here are the choices:
A. biosphere
B. ecosystem
C. family
D. population | CHAPTER SUMMARY 45.1 Population Demography Populations are individuals of a species that live in a particular habitat. Ecologists measure characteristics of populations: size, density, dispersion pattern, age structure, and sex ratio. Life tables are useful to calculate life expectancies of individual population member... | D: population. |
Which gas moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon monoxide
B. oxygen
C. nitrogen
D. carbon dioxide | Unlike oxygen, carbon dioxide is more concentrated in the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli than it is in the air inside the alveoli. Therefore, carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction. It moves out of the blood and into the air. | D: carbon dioxide. |
What makes the halogen group so diverse?
Here are the choices:
A. contains alloys
B. three different states of matter
C. a single state of matter
D. bonds easily | The halogen group is quite diverse. It includes elements that occur in three different states of matter at room temperature. Fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine and astatine are solids. Halogens also vary in color, as you can see in the Figure below . Fluorine and chlorine are green, bromin... | B: three different states of matter. |
What type of dating determines which of two fossils is older or younger than the other but not their age in years?
Here are the choices:
A. relative
B. constant
C. normal
D. normative | Relative dating determines which of two fossils is older or younger than the other but not their age in years. Relative dating is based on the positions of fossils in rock layers. Lower rock layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils. This is illustrated in Figure below . | A: relative. |
The timing of events in what cycle - which lasts just minutes in fruit fly embryos - is controlled by mechanisms that are both internal and external to the cell?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon cycle
B. circadian cycle
C. cell cycle
D. life cycle | culture (outside the body under optimal growing conditions), the length of the cycle is about 24 hours. In rapidly dividing human cells with a 24-hour cell cycle, the G1 phase lasts approximately nine hours, the S phase lasts 10 hours, the G2 phase lasts about four and one-half hours, and the M phase lasts approximatel... | C: cell cycle. |
Is wind power renewable or non renewable?
Here are the choices:
A. renewable
B. non renewable
C. neither
D. depends | Wind power, a renewable resource, shown here in a modern wind energy farm. The wind is used to turn turbines that generate electricity. | A: renewable. |
What is the principal cell of connective tissues?
Here are the choices:
A. Cancer
B. neural
C. fibroblast
D. organism | Connective Tissues Connective tissues are made up of a matrix consisting of living cells and a non-living substance, called the ground substance. The ground substance is made of an organic substance (usually a protein) and an inorganic substance (usually a mineral or water). The principal cell of connective tissues is ... | C: fibroblast. |
What occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population?
Here are the choices:
A. pioneer effect
B. founder effect
C. outsider effect
D. novelty effect | Founder effect occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population. By chance, allele frequencies of the founders may be different from allele frequencies of the population they left. An example is described in Figure below . | B: founder effect. |
When animals use incubation, how do they generally give birth to their young?
Here are the choices:
A. copying
B. division
C. eggs
D. live | In most species, one or both parents take care of the eggs. They sit on the eggs to keep them warm until they hatch. This is called incubation. After the eggs hatch, the parents generally continue their care. They feed the hatchlings until they are big enough to feed on their own. This is usually at a younger age in gr... | C: eggs. |
What two-word term refers to the number of different species in the community?
Here are the choices:
A. group-richness
B. bacteria richness
C. face-richness
D. species richness | D: species richness. | |
Two events are defined to be simultaneous if an observer measures them as occurring at what?
Here are the choices:
A. midnight
B. different times
C. same time
D. opposite times | 28.2 Simultaneity And Time Dilation • Two events are defined to be simultaneous if an observer measures them as occurring at the same time. They are not necessarily simultaneous to all observers—simultaneity is not absolute. • Time dilation is the phenomenon of time passing slower for an observer who is moving relative... | C: same time. |
The force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. power force
B. cooling force
C. electric force
D. magnetic force | When it comes to electric charges, opposites attract. In other words, positive and negative particles are attracted to each other. Like charges, on the other hand, repel each other, so two positive or two negative charges push apart from each other. The force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles is call... | C: electric force. |
What important function do bees perform on garden plants and many commercial fruit trees?
Here are the choices:
A. pollination
B. ruination
C. condensation
D. hibernation | Pollination by Insects Bees are perhaps the most important pollinator of many garden plants and most commercial fruit trees (Figure 32.12). The most common species of bees are bumblebees and honeybees. Since bees cannot see the color red, bee-pollinated flowers usually have shades of blue, yellow, or other colors. Bees... | A: pollination. |
What do ecosystems require constant inputs of?
Here are the choices:
A. fuel
B. Water
C. heating
D. energy | Ecosystems require constant inputs of energy from sunlight or chemicals. | D: energy. |
What is the final stage of aerobic respiration?
Here are the choices:
A. proton transport
B. glucose transport
C. electron production
D. electron transport | Electron transport is the final stage of aerobic respiration. In this stage, energy from NADH and FADH 2 is transferred to ATP. | D: electron transport. |
What is the lightest molecule?
Here are the choices:
A. helium
B. hydrogen
C. oxygen
D. silicon | Based on their molar masses, hydrogen is the lightest molecule, and oxygen is the heaviest. Because all three volumes are the same, each balloon contains the same number of gas molecules. Therefore, the hydrogen balloon will have the lowest mass, and the oxygen balloon will have the highest. | B: hydrogen. |
The genome of an organism consists of one or more what?
Here are the choices:
A. dna molecules
B. rna molecules
C. hemoglobin molecules
D. require molecules | Copying and passing on genes (genetics) In which we consider the dynamics of genes and gene expression, and how genome dynamics leads to families of genes and facilitates evolutionary change. We consider how DNA is organized within a cell and how its organization influences gene expression. Finally we consider the beha... | A: dna molecules. |
Where are free-living roundworms mainly found?
Here are the choices:
A. freshwater habitats
B. rainforests
C. ocean depths
D. arboreal habitats | Free-living roundworms are found mainly in freshwater habitats. | A: freshwater habitats. |
What do you call any force that makes something move in a circle?
Here are the choices:
A. tangential force
B. centripetal force
C. cyclical
D. momentum | Centripetal Force is an umbrella term that refers to any force that makes something move in a circle. Examples of forces that can be centripetal forces are as follows: Gravity (the gravity between the Earth and Sun causes the Earth to go in a circle), Friction (the friction force between a car’s tires and the road caus... | B: centripetal force. |
The two parameters used to measure changes in ecosystems are resistance and what related factor?
Here are the choices:
A. variation
B. acceptability
C. strength
D. resilience | Ecosystems are complex with many interacting parts. They are routinely exposed to various disturbances, or changes in the environment that effect their compositions: yearly variations in rainfall and temperature and the slower processes of plant growth, which may take several years. Many of these disturbances are a res... | D: resilience. |
In humans, the first sites used for energy storage are liver and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. skin cells
B. lungs
C. reproductive organs
D. muscle cells | D: muscle cells. | |
What are electrons at the outermost energy level of an atom are called?
Here are the choices:
A. shell electrons
B. valence electrons
C. core electrons
D. ions | Electrons at the outermost energy level of an atom are called valence electrons. They determine many of the properties of an element. That’s because these electrons are involved in chemical reactions with other atoms. Atoms may share or transfer valence electrons. Shared electrons bind atoms together to form chemical c... | B: valence electrons. |
Reaching conclusions about unobserved things on the basis of what has already been observed is known as what kind of reasoning?
Here are the choices:
A. conductive
B. primitive
C. reductive
D. inductive | Inductive reasoning involves reaching conclusions about unobserved things on the basis of what has already been observed. Induction is used regularly in fields such as archaeology, where inferences about the past from present are made. Inductions could also be made across outer space, as in astronomy, where conclusions... | D: inductive. |
The molecular formula is still c 4 h 10 , which is the same formula as?
Here are the choices:
A. propane
B. chlorine
C. carbon hydroxide
D. butane | The name of this molecule is 2-methylpropane. The molecular formula is still C 4 H 10 , which is the same formula as butane. A structural isomer is one of multiple molecules that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas. Butane and 2-methylpropane are structural isomers. | D: butane. |
A structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform the same function is called?
Here are the choices:
A. System
B. order
C. Group
D. organ | The four types of tissues make up all the organs of the human body. An organ is a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform the same function. Examples of human organs include the skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and heart. Consider the heart as an example. Figure below shows how all ... | D: organ. |
All cells undergo what during a lifetime, but when this process is out of control, cancer results?
Here are the choices:
A. cell division
B. cell death
C. cell mutation
D. cell transition | Cell division is just one of the stages that all cells go through during their life. This includes cells that are harmful, such as cancer cells. Cancer cells divide more often than normal cells, and grow out of control. In fact, this is how cancer cells cause illness. In these concepts, you will read about how cells di... | A: cell division. |
Amylase and pepsin are examples of enzymes needed for what process?
Here are the choices:
A. digestion
B. filtration
C. absorption
D. fermentation | More than 1000 different enzymes are necessary for human life. Many enzymes are needed for the digestion of food. Two examples are amylase and pepsin. Both are described in the Figure below . | A: digestion. |
What two words describe the debate over whether behaviors are caused by genetics or by environment?
Here are the choices:
A. dominant and recessive
B. nature and nurture
C. positive and negative
D. kinetic and potential | Some behaviors seem to be controlled solely by genes. Others appear to be due to experiences in a given environment. Whether behaviors are controlled mainly by genes or by the environment is often a matter of debate. This is called the nature-nurture debate . Nature refers to the genes an animal inherits. Nurture refer... | B: nature and nurture. |
Why do comet tails always point away from the sun instead of trailing behind the comet?
Here are the choices:
A. dust particles evaporate
B. dust particles liquify
C. dust particles attract
D. dust particles recoil | Figure 29.17 shows a comet with two prominent tails. What most people do not know about the tails is that they always point away from the Sun rather than trailing behind the comet (like the tail of Bo Peep’s sheep). Comet tails are composed of gases and dust evaporated from the body of the comet and ionized gas. The du... | D: dust particles recoil. |
What is the term for the average number of individuals in a population per unit of area or volume?
Here are the choices:
A. population diameter
B. Density group
C. population density
D. population structure | Population density is the average number of individuals in a population per unit of area or volume. For example, a population of 100 insects that live in an area of 100 square meters has a density of 1 insect per square meter. If the same population lives in an area of only 1 square meter, what is its density? Which po... | C: population density. |
Gibbs free energy values can be used to determine what?
Here are the choices:
A. equilibrium differentials
B. equilibrium constants
C. prime constants
D. equal lines | Gibbs free energy values can be used to determine equilibrium constants. | B: equilibrium constants. |
Creep, which usually takes place where the ground freezes and thaws frequently, involves movement of particles due to what force?
Here are the choices:
A. normal
B. gravity
C. wind
D. friction | Creep usually takes place where the ground freezes and thaws frequently. Soil and rock particles are lifted up when the ground freezes. When the ground thaws, the particles settle down again. Each time they settle down, they move a tiny bit farther down the slope because of gravity. | B: gravity. |
Which parasite causes downy mildew in grape plants?
Here are the choices:
A. taphrina confusa
B. plasmopara viticola
C. chrysomyxa ledi
D. epichloe typhina | Plant Parasites Protist parasites of terrestrial plants include agents that destroy food crops. The oomycete Plasmopara viticola parasitizes grape plants, causing a disease called downy mildew (Figure 13.18a). Grape plants infected with P. viticola appear stunted and have discolored withered leaves. The spread of downy... | B: plasmopara viticola. |
What property is defined as the magnitude or size of displacement between two positions?
Here are the choices:
A. passing
B. Distance
C. distance
D. gravity | Distance Although displacement is described in terms of direction, distance is not. Distance is defined to be the magnitude or size of displacement between two positions. Note that the distance between two positions is not the same as the distance traveled between them. Distance traveled is the total length of the path... | C: distance. |
Endosperm usually develops before the what does?
Here are the choices:
A. gamete
B. fetus
C. nucleus
D. embryo | D: embryo. | |
What is the term for geological activity that occurs within a plate?
Here are the choices:
A. intraplate activity
B. deformation activity
C. perennials activity
D. disruption activity | Not all geological activity is found at plate boundaries. Activity within a plate is called intraplate activity. Most intraplate activity occurs at hotspots. | A: intraplate activity. |
What is a three-dimensional anticline called?
Here are the choices:
A. cave
B. volcano
C. cyclone
D. dome | In an anticline, rocks arch upward. A three-dimensional anticline is a dome. | D: dome. |
Electrical energy consumed can be expressed as the product of power multiplied by what else?
Here are the choices:
A. work
B. energy
C. speed
D. time | Electrical energy consumed can be determined by multiplying power by time . Recall the equations for mechanical and thermal energy/work . An important idea is the efficiency of an electrical device: the fraction of electrical energy consumed that goes into doing useful work , expressed as a percentage. | D: time. |
What is the name for a substance that can be used to follow the pathway of that substance through some structure?
Here are the choices:
A. solution
B. gel
C. tracker
D. tracer | Learn some applications of radioactivity. Radioactive isotopes have a variety of applications. Generally, however, they are useful because either we can detect their radioactivity or we can use the energy they release. Radioactive isotopes are effective tracers because their radioactivity is easy to detect. A tracer is... | D: tracer. |
What do osteoclasts do to bone?
Here are the choices:
A. strengthen it
B. lengthen it
C. build it up
D. break it down | Under the direction of osteocytes, osteoblasts continuously build up bone, while osteoclasts continuously break down bone. These processes help maintain mineral homeostasis. | D: break it down. |
What do tube worms rely on for food?
Here are the choices:
A. chemosynthetic microorganisms
B. sponges microorganisms
C. fatty microorganisms
D. lentiviruses microorganisms | These brilliant red “feathers” are actually animals called tube worms. They live in an extreme environment on the deep ocean floor, thousands of meters below the water’s surface. Their world is always very cold and completely dark. Without sunlight, photosynthesis is not possible. So what do organisms eat at these dept... | A: chemosynthetic microorganisms. |
Size is a general feature of cell structure that relates to?
Here are the choices:
A. function
B. timing
C. activation
D. instance | A: function. | |
Altitude is height above what?
Here are the choices:
A. the earth's surface
B. sea level
C. the water table
D. the earth's core | Altitude is height above sea level. The density of air decreases with height. There are two reasons. At higher altitudes, there is less air pushing down from above. Also, gravity is weaker farther from Earth's center. So at higher altitudes, air molecules can spread out more. Air density decreases. You can see this in ... | B: sea level. |
Conservation of what property of ecosystems is the aim of measures like the endangered species act?
Here are the choices:
A. bioremediation
B. natural selection
C. biodiversity
D. Allopatric speciation | Conservation of Biodiversity The threats to biodiversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels have been recognized for some time. In the United States, the first national park with land set aside to remain in a wilderness state was Yellowstone Park in 1890. However, attempts to preserve nature for various reas... | C: biodiversity. |
Nearly all rocks are made of what?
Here are the choices:
A. sand
B. minerals
C. magma
D. calcium | Nearly all rocks are made of minerals. A few are made of materials that do not fit the definition of minerals. | B: minerals. |
What type of cell division produces gametes?
Here are the choices:
A. meiosis
B. apoptosis
C. mutations
D. mitosis | Sexual reproduction involves two parents. As you can see from Figure below , in sexual reproduction, parents produce reproductive cells—called gametes —that unite to form an offspring. Gametes are haploid cells. This means they contain only half the number of chromosomes found in other cells of the organism. Gametes ar... | A: meiosis. |
Where are feces formed?
Here are the choices:
A. large intestine
B. liver
C. small intestine
D. duodenum | 34.3 Digestive System Processes Digestion begins with ingestion, where the food is taken in the mouth. Digestion and absorption take place in a series of steps with special enzymes playing important roles in digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Elimination describes removal of undigested food contents and was... | A: large intestine. |
What measurement of the wave is used to determine the magnitude of an earthquake?
Here are the choices:
A. length
B. height
C. width
D. diameter | Seismograms contain a lot of information about an earthquake: its strength, length, and distance. Wave height is used to determine the magnitude of the earthquake. The seismogram shows the different arrival times of the seismic waves ( Figure below ). The first waves are P-waves since they are the fastest. S-waves come... | B: height. |
In a food chain, only about 10 percent of what passes to the next level?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. energy
C. mineral
D. vitamins | At each level of a food chain, a lot of energy is lost. Only about 10 percent of the energy passes to the next level. Where does that energy go? Some energy is given off as heat. Some energy goes into animal wastes. Energy also goes into growing things that another consumer can't eat, like fur. It's because so much ene... | B: energy. |
In plants, a high concentration of iaa inhibits what?
Here are the choices:
A. cell elongation
B. same elongation
C. technology elongation
D. Cell reproduction | the bottom of the cell. In roots, a high concentration of IAA inhibits cell elongation. The effect slows growth on the lower side of the root, while cells develop normally on the upper side. IAA has the opposite effect in shoots, where a higher concentration at the lower side of the shoot stimulates cell expansion, cau... | A: cell elongation. |
The rate of heat transfer by radiation is largely determined by what?
Here are the choices:
A. environment
B. scope
C. sound
D. color | All objects absorb and emit electromagnetic radiation. The rate of heat transfer by radiation is largely determined by the color of the object. Black is the most effective, and white is the least effective. People living in hot climates generally avoid wearing black clothing, for instance (see Take-Home Experiment: Tem... | D: color. |
Comparisons of amino acid sequences can shed light on the evolutionary divergence of what?
Here are the choices:
A. dinosaurs
B. birds
C. mammals
D. related species | D: related species. | |
How high or low a sound seems is associated with what property of the sound?
Here are the choices:
A. wavelength
B. decibel
C. frequency
D. pitch | How high or low a sound seems to a listener is its pitch. Pitch, in turn, depends on the frequency of sound waves. | D: pitch. |
Alveolar ducts and broncioles are developing parts of what organ system?
Here are the choices:
A. nervous
B. respiratory
C. immune
D. digestive | Weeks 16–24 Once the respiratory bronchioles form, further development includes extensive vascularization, or the development of the blood vessels, as well as the formation of alveolar ducts and alveolar precursors. At about week 19, the respiratory bronchioles have formed. In addition, cells lining the respiratory str... | B: respiratory. |
During photosynthesis what organelle is used by plants to change sunlight into chemical energy?
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. ribosome
C. golgi apparatus
D. mitochondria | When ancient plants underwent photosynthesis, they changed energy in sunlight to stored chemical energy in food. The plants used the food and so did the organisms that ate the plants. After the plants and other organisms died, their remains gradually changed to fossil fuels as they were covered and compressed by layers... | A: chloroplasts. |
Small water bodies often fed by springs are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. puddles
B. oceans
C. rivers
D. ponds | Ponds are small water bodies often fed by springs. | D: ponds. |
The combustion of propane gas produces carbon dioxide and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon monoxide
B. methane
C. water vapor
D. phosphorous | The combustion of propane gas produces carbon dioxide and water vapor. | C: water vapor. |
Tremetol, a metabolic poison found in the white snake root plant, prevents the metabolism of what?
Here are the choices:
A. sodium
B. lipids
C. sugars
D. lactate | Tremetol, a metabolic poison found in the white snake root plant, prevents the metabolism of lactate. When cows eat this plant, it is concentrated in the milk they produce. Humans who consume the milk become ill. Symptoms of this disease, which include vomiting, abdominal pain, and tremors, become worse after exercise.... | D: lactate. |
Water, carbon dioxide, and what other element are important agents of chemical weathering?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. helium
C. sulfur
D. methane | Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are important agents of chemical weathering. | A: oxygen. |
Deserts and forests are examples of what type of biome?
Here are the choices:
A. freshwater
B. abundant
C. acquatic
D. terrestrial | Terrestrial biomes , which are land-based, such as deserts and forests. | D: terrestrial. |
Lampreys use their sucker to feed on what part of other fish species?
Here are the choices:
A. heart
B. brain
C. liver
D. blood | Viruses are classified on the basis of several traits. For example, they may be classified by capsid shape, presence or absence of an envelope, and type of nucleic acid. Most systems of classifying viruses identify at least 20 virus families. Table below shows four examples of virus families and their traits. Have any ... | D: blood. |
Nonflowering vascular plants have how many basic types of leaves?
Here are the choices:
A. five
B. three
C. one
D. four | Leaves may vary in size, shape, and their arrangement on stems. Nonflowering vascular plants have three basic types of leaves: microphylls (“tiny leaves”), fronds , and needles . Figure below describes each type. | B: three. |
Somatosensation includes all sensation received from the skin and mucous membranes, as well as from these?
Here are the choices:
A. glial cells
B. limbs and joints
C. five senses
D. organs | 36.2 Somatosensation Somatosensation includes all sensation received from the skin and mucous membranes, as well as from the limbs and joints. Somatosensation occurs all over the exterior of the body and at some interior locations as well, and a variety of receptor types, embedded in the skin and mucous membranes, play... | B: limbs and joints. |
What is the only class of animals that has hair?
Here are the choices:
A. mammals
B. reptiles
C. amphibians
D. birds | Only mammals have hair. Hair is a fiber made mainly of the tough protein keratin. The cells of each hair are filled with keratin and no longer alive. The dead cells overlap each other, almost like shingles on a roof. They work like shingles as well, by helping shed water from hair. | A: mammals. |
What is the muscular organ that nourishes and supports the growing embryo?
Here are the choices:
A. fallopian tube
B. uterus
C. ovary
D. stomach | The Uterus and Cervix The uterus is the muscular organ that nourishes and supports the growing embryo (see Figure 27.14). Its average size is approximately 5 cm wide by 7 cm long (approximately 2 in by 3 in) when a female is not pregnant. It has three sections. The portion of the uterus superior to the opening of the u... | B: uterus. |
The smallest cyclic ether is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. peroxidase
B. quark
C. epoxide
D. aldehyde | The smallest cyclic ether is called an epoxide. Draw its structure. | C: epoxide. |
Dialysis is a medical process of removing wastes and excess water from the blood by diffusion and ultrafiltration. when kidney function fails, dialysis must be done to artificially rid the body of this?
Here are the choices:
A. calories
B. bile juices
C. mucus and phloem
D. waste and fluids | Dialysis Technician Dialysis is a medical process of removing wastes and excess water from the blood by diffusion and ultrafiltration. When kidney function fails, dialysis must be done to artificially rid the body of wastes and fluids. This is a vital process to keep patients alive. In some cases, the patients undergo ... | D: waste and fluids. |
What is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment?
Here are the choices:
A. geology
B. ecology
C. biology
D. scientology | Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment. | B: ecology. |
What is a continuous flow of electric charge called?
Here are the choices:
A. powered current
B. magnetism
C. electric current
D. microwave current | Electric current is a continuous flow of electric charge. It is measured in amperes (A). Direct current (DC) flows in just one direction. Alternating current (AC) keeps reversing direction. | C: electric current. |
How many years can dissolved carbon be stored in the deep ocean?
Here are the choices:
A. tens
B. unknown
C. hundreds
D. thousands | Water erosion by runoff, rivers, and streams dissolves carbon in rocks and carries it to the ocean. Ocean water near the surface dissolves carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Dissolved carbon may be stored in the deep ocean for thousands of years. | D: thousands. |
What effect causes winds and currents to form circular patterns?
Here are the choices:
A. centrifugal effect
B. jet stream
C. horse latitudes
D. coriolis effect | The Coriolis effect causes winds and currents to form circular patterns. The direction that they spin depends on the hemisphere that they are in. | D: coriolis effect. |
What type of sunlight inhibits vertical growth in a plant?
Here are the choices:
A. infrared
B. direct
C. reduced
D. indirect | B: direct. | |
Why does ice wedging occur?
Here are the choices:
A. water evaporates
B. water expands
C. water freezes
D. water melts | Ice wedging happens because water expands as it goes from liquid to solid. When the temperature is warm, water works its way into cracks in rock. When the temperature cools below freezing, the water turns to ice and expands. The ice takes up more space. Over time, this wedges the rock apart. Ice wedging is very effecti... | B: water expands. |
Are humans a new or old species on the earth?
Here are the choices:
A. extinct
B. new
C. old
D. primal | This timeline shows the history of life on Earth. In the entire span of the time, humans are a relatively new addition. | B: new. |
What kind of surface would cause diffusion when light is reflected off of it?
Here are the choices:
A. rough surfaces
B. hot surfaces
C. smooth surfaces
D. cold surfaces | The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. A mirror has a smooth surface and reflects light at specific angles. Light is diffused when it reflects from a rough surface. Mirror images can be photographed and videotaped by instruments. | A: rough surfaces. |
What are plants called that grow where you don't want them?
Here are the choices:
A. weeds
B. reeds
C. grasses
D. shrubs | We obviously can’t live without plants, but sometimes they cause us problems. Many plants are weeds. Weeds are plants that grow where people don’t want them, such as gardens and lawns. They take up space and use resources, hindering the growth of more desirable plants. People often introduce plants to new habitats wher... | A: weeds. |
Who proposed that everything in the universe exerts a force of attraction on everything else?
Here are the choices:
A. newton
B. wilson
C. bell
D. einstein | Giant steps in science may occur if a scientist introduces a major new idea. For example, in 1666, Isaac Newton introduced the idea that gravity is universal. People had long known that things fall to the ground because they are attracted by Earth. But Newton proposed that everything in the universe exerts a force of a... | A: newton. |
Living organisms are comprised of organic compounds, which are molecules built around what element?
Here are the choices:
A. helium
B. carbon
C. oxygen
D. silicon | Living organisms are comprised of organic compounds, molecules built around the element carbon. | B: carbon. |
Which mineral do native americans use to decorate items?
Here are the choices:
A. Amethyst
B. turquoise
C. Tanzanite
D. Topaz | Some minerals are valuable simply because they are beautiful. Jade has been used for thousands of years in China. Native Americans have been decorating items with turquoise since ancient times. Minerals like jade, turquoise, diamonds, and emeralds are gemstones. A gemstone is a material that is cut and polished to use ... | B: turquoise. |
Glycolysis oxidizes glucose to two molecules of pyruvate?
Here are the choices:
A. N/A - see below
B. glucose
C. N/A - see below
D. N/A - see below | B: glucose. | |
What's the most common disorder from having an extra chromosome?
Here are the choices:
A. down syndrome
B. cri-du-chat syndrome
C. Turner syndrome
D. Williams syndrome | One common example of an extra-chromosome disorder is Down syndrome ( Figure below ). Children with Down syndrome are mentally disabled and also have physical deformities. Down syndrome occurs when a baby receives an extra chromosome 21 from one of his or her parents. Usually, a child will receive one chromosome 21 fro... | A: down syndrome. |
What type of respiration does not use oxygen?
Here are the choices:
A. condensation
B. cellular
C. fermentation
D. oxidation | Fermented Foods. Fermentation is a type of respiration that doesn’t use oxygen. Fermentation by bacteria is used in brewing and baking. It is also used to make the foods pictured here. | C: fermentation. |
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