Split (2)

train · 14.3k rows

id stringlengths 8 90	text stringlengths 528 58.1k	page_name stringlengths 2 99	topic stringclasses 15 values	subtopic stringclasses 45 values	subjects_top_term stringclasses 279 values
23867_NebulaAward	annually recognize best works science fiction fantasy published united_states previous year awards organized awarded nonprofit association professional science fiction fantasy writers given ceremony created awards given categories different lengths literary works fifth category film television episode scripts given rules governing changed times awards history recently termed important american science fiction awards winning works published special collections winners nominees noted books cover numbers awards year prior year award given awards presented california lists winners nominees category list categories award given year best science fiction fantasy fiction published united_states previous year winner receives trophy cash prize trophy transparent block embedded spiral cut resemble planets trophy designed awards based sketch remained works eligible award published english prior calendar year written rules works qualify science fiction fantasy decision eligibility regard left voters nominees winners chosen members authors nominees need members works nominated year november february published authors members organization works receive nominations form final ballot additional nominees possible case ties members vote ballot march final results presented awards ceremony authors permitted nominate works decline nominations ties final vote broken possible number nominations works received history given works published idea award funded sales collecting winning works proposed secretary treasurer idea based awards presented hosting ceremony present prompted hugo awards initial ceremony consisted literary awards novels short stories presented year script award presented names best dramatic presentation best dramatic writing best script removed replaced prior employed rolling eligibility system work eligible qualify ballot year following date publication consequence rolling eligibility possibility works nominated calendar year publication awarded calendar year works added preliminary list year nominations voted create final ballot option added voters select award felt nominated work worthy winning happened short story category script category beginning eligibility year nominations set calendar year december november initially conceived organizing panel allowed add additional work authors allowed use mass market paperback publication books beginning nomination period initial publication consequence combination rule rolling eligibility awards despite nominally works published instead given works initially published beginning awards rolling eligibility system paperback publication exemption replaced current rules categories awards honors presented awards ceremony necessarily year annual literary awards voted members ballot award outstanding young adult science fiction fantasy book inaugurated outstanding dramatic presentation replaced best script award master award lifetime achievement science fiction fantasy author emeritus contributions field kevin donnell award service kate significant impact speculative fiction grand master selected officers past presidents named year decade award presented posthumously living writers named grand master author emeritus awarded years recognition described important american science fiction awards science fiction fantasy equivalent emmy awards hugo award considered premier awards science fiction salon science fiction prestigious award battle sexes science fiction referring hugo award best known prestigious science fiction awards book year history science fiction claimed award provided literary judgment hugo reader popularity artistic merit note winners awards overlapped stated awards given works noted critics felt selection reflected political literary ability focus literary talent popularity expected people publishing industry said winning nominated award effects author career sales work quoted said publishers pay careful attention wins literary agent said mastering business writing having term cover nominee powerful science fiction fans buy novel claimed noting book won award cover increased sales novel collecting winning short fiction series published yearly edited variety members renamed series started collection short story winners nominees year sales intended pay presenting awards anthology best edited collected winners awards officially selected members unofficial anthology edited contained stories won award	Nebula Award	Language and literature	Language and literature	Genres and literary theory
26196_ParableoftheSunfish	opens work literary criticism pound uses emphasize approach learning art contrast relying commentary rooted based students teaching style pound retelling sources respects illustrate benefits scientific thinking recent literary criticism split accurately reflects scientific process calls question pound approach literature text pound abc reading post graduate student equipped honors went receive final finishing touches great man offered small fish told describe post graduate student know write description minutes student returned description term conceal common vulgar knowledge family etc found textbooks subject told student describe fish student produced page essay told look fish end weeks fish advanced state student knew context abc reading pound opens abc reading following proper method studying poetry good letters method contemporary careful hand examination matter continual comparison slide specimen man equipped modern thinking understood graduate student sent noted biologist complete education asks student times describe specimen student replies turn common fish brief summary species page essay species finally tells student look fish end weeks fish advanced state student knew text spans words sixteen lines reproduced cited pound contrasts knowledge gained increasingly abstract definitions example pound relates happen european asked define red initial response red color pound asking definition color having described terms vibration vibration defined terms energy successive eventually reach level language lost power returning pound reminds reader progress science increased rapidly bacon suggested direct examination phenomena stopped discussing things begun look pound provides examples contrasting ideas chapter ranging topics diverse chemistry chinese writing end chapter argument claiming expand knowledge literary essays pound subsequently refers essays teacher mission little republished literary essays reference including details teacher mission particular provides straightforward explanation pound wished interpreted january pound published critique nature poetry criterion critique pound offers claim intelligence eighteenth century involved poetry pound replies root cause tendency abstract statements came eighteenth century authors hadn heard professor fish teacher mission pound published essay existing methods teaching literature general university level instruction methods particular identifies root problem uses word liberty example term specific concrete meaning lost pound finds situation era fish demands approach general education parallels biological study based examination comparison particular specimens autobiography left studies joined lab harvard_university having read introductory essay classification autobiography details initial interactions regard assignment recorded brought small fish study stipulation discuss read topic given permission asked explicit instructions replied explicit saying damaging specimen hours thought fish despite asked present conclusions course following week recorded details scales went series shape form placement teeth etc length seventh day came question learning sat edge table cigar end hour telling swung away saying right concluded testing capable hard continuous work support teacher efforts starting scratch course seven hour days managed describe specimen satisfaction look fish recorded similar experience published look fish saturday magazine starts new student fish preserved alcohol instructs student look promises ask seen opposed pound account emphasizes care taken specimen good condition fish tin occasionally surface alcohol minutes seen seen fish started search professor left museum returned lingering odd animals stored upper apartment specimen dry fluid fish beast fit looked anxiety return normal sloppy appearance little excitement return gaze mute companion provides additional detail instruments kinds including glass hours asks report describes fringed gill arches pores head lips eyes lateral line fins tail compressed arched body disappointed informs student failed observe conspicuous features animal commands look look eventually asked consider overnight seen able report following morning fish symmetrical sides paired organs observation looking asked replied look fish days teacher english professor published collection book included notes notable contributors including professor plan young students depend natural objects statements books professor wrote method simply let student study object time cooper pound interest remarking close obvious relation investigation biology observation comparison organic forms form literature works art concluding study poem work man art way study fish critic concludes pound access book material source opens abc reading interpretation criticism science historian provides extensive commentary initial assignments students solution calls lies similar given essay classification suppose articulated animals counted tens thousands hundreds thousands appearance surface globe single exception instance representative type introduce species animals systems provides potential solutions species single genus classes orders families etc family genus species class order genus etc concludes single species sufficient derive entirety hierarchy time distinct genus distinct family distinct class distinct branch point observing characteristics distinguish individuals species genus characteristics held common higher taxonomic hierarchy observation finally paired organs characteristic notes common pound pound echoing cooper opens abc reading stating correct method study poetry method contemporary man equipped modern thinking understood fish commentators summarized pound position term divided idea simplest interpretations scientific writing history science literary criticism face value accepting observation legitimate techniques example writing stellar states specimens facts ultimate currency use wish purchase valid theory beginning discussion pound moving acceptance understanding limitations emphasizes comments scientific pound student simply learning reality way approaching reality discourse bound particular thought tradition reaches similar conclusion noting student reporting real solid world perfectly transparent language actually learning produce specific kind discourse controlled particular scientific author takes suspicion step trouble genius reading pound discusses anecdotes abc reading frame pound discussion chinese describes attendance hypothetical concerts pound states person attended concerts knows composers read criticisms written considers contradiction knowledge key pound thinking gifted lucky able truth attending concert observing specimen rest fog clichés received ideas second hand second rate opinions written darkness regard observes lack scientific institutions procedures written descriptions serve obscure knowledge knowledge ultimately resides world hat looks initially like commitment led instead authoritarian critics commented implications describing nature knowledge terms decay pound fish notes review uses detailed metaphor wing describe conversations opinion moore microscopic examination work pays homage precision pound reverence scientific method literary criticism comments teaches pound knowledge necessarily fragmented constitute knowledge fish begin decay commenced reducing specimen constituent parts reaches fundamentally different conclusion begins discussion quoting pound topic genius genius pay gold necessary bring knowledge mint consciousness stamp coin analyzed form detail knowledge paper money words transmit baker finds striking feature absence description fish baker asks readers learn fish certain kind authoritarian teaching practice baker claims pound images metal unrealistic ideas science scientific method reader following pound student reaches knowledge fish far concerned transparent	Parable of the Sunfish	Language and literature	Language and literature	Genres and literary theory
27697_Dictatornovel	dictator novel dictator novel spanish del genre latin american literature challenges role dictator latin american society theme charismatic political addressed examining relationships power dictatorship writing dictator novel role writer latin american society associated 1960s 1970s dictator novel genre roots nineteenth century novel indirect critique argentina forerunner dictator novel genre subsequent dictator novels established goal genre analyze rule particular focus historical accuracy examine abstract nature authority figures authority general considered dictator novel story strong political themes drawn history critical examination power held dictator general reflection nature dictator novels centre historical dictator albeit fictional guise analyze economics politics rule history book dictator novel genre includes dominican_republic alternatively novelist create fictional dictator achieve narrative end dictator composite man assembled historical genre dictator novel influential development latin american literary tradition rejected traditional linear story telling techniques developed narrative styles blurred reader narrator plot characters story examining authority leadership assessed social roles wisdom like challenged dictator novels literary context literary critic argues dictator novel clearly indigenous thematic tradition latin american literature traces development theme far accounts conquest mexico nineteenth century saw significant literary reflections political power dictator novel associated latin american boom literary movement 1960s 1970s critic dictator novel marks end boom says supreme end entire era latin american history era stretched 1970s dictator novels focused figure aging dictator prey power verge losing definition written published opinion critic real dictator novel literary treatments dictator figure followed genre gain impetus political climate cold war latin american boom dictator novel came fashion 1970s end boom remarks 1970s mark new stage evolution latin american dictator novel characterized developments change perspective dictator viewed new focus nature language means dictator novels 1970s autumn patriarch supreme offer reader intimate view subject dictator protagonist world seen point view new focus language points authors power derived defeated language example dictator forms language according 1970s latin american writers published novels dealing military regimes dictator novel common nomenclature celebrated novels era autumn patriarch defines dictator novel novel draws historical record create fictionalized versions way author able use specific explain general dictator novels centred rule particular dictator group includes took task authoritarian figures conversation cathedral del includes novel society dictatorship described dictator novel dictator style theme dictator novel genre combined narrative strategies modern writing techniques constructed largely late 1960s 1970s included use interior radically stream consciousness narrative varying narrative points view innovative narrative strategies frequent lack boom writer contributor dictator novel genre pioneered came known magical realism use technique necessarily dictator novel utilize magical realism predominant theme dictator novel power according literary critic review linked theme dictatorship enduring power latin american dictator novel enduring power latin american novels known read ambitious political statements denouncing authority latin_america political statements dictator novel authors challenged power creating link power writing force pen example supreme novel revolves central theme language power inherent forms power present communication argues fear abuse constant worry writing stem fact found power implicit language defines power able unable language separate embodiment power things act mean realized control language particularly written language life threatens constant theme runs latin american dictator novel gained importance frequency latin american boom latin american united_states example faces opposition shortly losing material backing cia previously held years light anti communist gender additional overarching theme dictator novels national portraits latin_america insist importance women men healthy happy productive patriotic national literary treasures reflect government rhetoric way code active citizenship male enduring motif dictator novel connection pen latin american fiction pattern explained far complex according find violent fantasies find violent social relations actual men women latin american works include characters act violent narrative structure provides readers alternative responses fantasies masculine identity formation historical context latin american history independence latin american countries subject right left wing authoritarian regimes stemming history group dominated given long history novels individual problems dictatorship like legacy racial conflict pushing absolute authority rise contain born seeking unlimited power amend laws prevent reelection example altered constitution permit return power focus dictator novel supreme instance based dictator early nineteenth century called differ terms govern author states male absolute personal power strong arm tactics include opposition attacking freedom press creating centralized government backed powerful military force assuming complete control free thought despite intense criticisms leveled figures involved nationalist movements developed simple truths everybody belonged benefits progress shared industrial development priority elected president brazil wanted country progress regardless congress passed laws proposed particular great depression latin american activist governments 1930s saw end nationalist movements latin_america increasing success import positive effect collapse international trade meant local latin american manufacturers fill market left vacant exports twentieth century prominent latin american included dynasty nicaragua chile outside influence united_states interference latin american politics controversial severely criticized noted far want peace controlled certain interests theme dictator novel link power important latin_america accepted military financial support united_states suited turned united_states anti american campaigning gain favour people case promises popularity face yankee los meeting mexican author launched project consisting series biographies depicting latin american called los fathers reading portraits american_civil_war recounts sitting pub thought good idea comparable book latin_america imaginary portrait gallery immediately stepped forward demanding incarnation latin american write observes project completed helped inspire series novels written important authors latin american literary boom development genre domingo published nineteenth century twentieth century dictator novel fictional depictions latin american strong man important domingo work written treatise indirect critique dictatorship directed actual historical figure broader investigation argentine history culture remained fundamental fixture breadth literary exploration latin american environment criticizes historical figure provincial like dictator argentina opposed ideas progress returning exile worked argentina eventually president analysis time author questioned figures like maintained absolute power answering question established place inspirational text later authors perceived power writing text novel novelist voice replaced god creating bridge writing power characteristic dictator novel set post colonial buenos_aires written parts semi autobiographical account deals living police state novel important showed human consciousness like city country terrifying prison attempted examine problem structure problem state manifested monstrous violating ordinary individual privacy home consciousness early twentieth century acted key influence authors goal critique power structures status quo classic dictator novels novel nobel prize winning writer diplomat novel explicitly identify setting early twentieth century guatemala inspired presidency title character novel explores nature political dictatorship effects society overtly political novel latin american keeping time place ambiguous novel represents break narratives point judged adequately reflected reality distinctive use dream imagery repetition combined structure consisting abrupt changes style viewpoint sprang influences furthermore early use literary technique come known magic realism president went influence generation latin american authors early example new novel precursor latin american literary boom great dead occupies important midway point evolution dictator novel emphasizes cultural political importance subsequent influence dictator narratives broadly martin describes remarkable contain seeds mature style book describes fictional dictator rise power selected events regime description funeral funeral revealed body dictator absent replaced transformed great big enormous swollen inflated wrapped documents mail abroad newspapers reports annals official king feast del portrays fictional dictator opens describes ironic tongue cheek note preface declares mere work fiction unaware united_nations permits continued existence regimes like serves pretext novel observes powerful razor sharp satire directed presumably regime like reasons state del synthesis historical figures latin american prominently dictator cuba fictional character bid refined spends half life europe reminiscent civilization novel nature novel combine elements tragedy comedy supreme fictionalized account nineteenth century dictator historical account making use real documents accounts people knew portrayal latin american fiction distinguished quantity detail remarkable capacity moment person embodiment contradictory elements usually associated single person let powerful title derived fact referred supreme making use non traditional writing techniques novel composed separate distinctive styles blurred claims novel immediately unanimously acclaimed novel years critics suspect strictly historical importance greater successful creation autumn patriarch del details life eternal dictator fictional character lives years old book divided sections retelling story infinite power held caribbean based fictional dictator variety real life including homeland spain novel written barcelona venezuela juan key characters novel indian general service patriarch novel proposes interesting contradiction latin_america owe intimate support victims longest standing america revolution indian illustrating importance indian latin_america given home country colombia distinguished recognizing indian populations alive today set period return argentina argentine president heavily influenced sinister novel deals specifically themes surrounding nature male female relationships regime military oppression novel title reference instrument torture invented uses mixture historical facts fiction documents life story rivalries ranks allowed author construct intimate portrait historically accurate method analyzing early history family upbringing motivation actions later life linked similar analyses general labyrinth general fictionalized account days life known freed spanish rule territory subsequently venezuela colombia peru ecuador character general portrayed glorious hero traditional history presented instead develops protagonist prematurely aged man physically ill mentally exhausted del recounts detail dramatic intensity days dictator dominican_republic infuriated despite long standing ally united_states anti communist stance longer favour administration withdrawn backing discovering extensive human rights violations following interwoven storylines assassins daughter man served inner circle advisers novel reveals political social environment dominican_republic past present story opens closes story effectively framing narrative terms remembering understanding past legacy present dictator novels latin american novels explore political themes centre rule particular dictator informally classified dictator novels example manual novel urban revolutionary struggle asks reader examine broader societal matters language sexuality modes interpretation time butterflies tells story sisters patriotism transformed behaved catholic political thirty year dictatorship dominican_republic novel sought officially obscured history deaths sisters determine happened determine sisters happened national politics dominican_republic mock diary intimate diary los protagonist shoots narrator latin american boom revolt control fictional narration recent work united_states banana puerto rican prisoner father king united states banana imprisoned years dungeon statue liberty crime having born story begins september coup état general president chile writer professor literature describes aforementioned novels dictator novels reminiscent genre subtly political fiction addresses themes different dictator novel divorced politics stories read meditation horror absolute power legacy difficult establish exact origin dictator novel nineteenth century intellectual influence spans latin american literature novels written middle years twentieth century unique literary style employed techniques new novel writer rejected formal structure conventional literary realism arguing simplistic assumption reality easily narrative flaw genre dictator novel literary concept novel order readers examine ways political social affect daily lives regional politics social issues stories yielded universal human concerns traditional novel ordered world view gives way fragmented distorted fantastic narrative reader active role thematic story additional narrative substance formal literary categories author narrator character plot story reader order examine link author authority figure novelist author important telling tale dictator novels writers questioned traditional story role novelist privileged paternal figure authoritative father divine creator meaning seen originate fulfilled role dictator	Dictator novel	Language and literature	Language and literature	Genres and literary theory
1930_IndianaGovernor'sResidence	indiana governor residence indiana governor residence official home family governor indiana located indianapolis indiana use sixth official residence indiana governors current residence indiana governor residence located historic district surrounding indianapolis indiana sits estate acres designed firm hunter serving architects english tudor home built acquired state indiana attorney home renovated approximately including funds grant renovation included installation air conditioning modern approximately rooms considered typical size home resembles homes neighborhood built time period appearance similar homes structurally unique support foundation concrete typical tudor homes entirely wooden home lower floor open public tours offered regularly visitors rooms available viewing include library formal living room formal informal dining room sun porch kitchen butler event space second floor reserved family living area limits public home receives approximately visitors annually previous governors residences indiana state governors governor built plantation style home named birds built brick buildings territory home preserved territory second governor home built lived briefly moving rented room boarding house preserved national historic district official residences indiana governors indiana state actually inhabited family unofficial residences governors lived accommodations available residence state governor small hill overlooking governor wife anne lived home visited united_states presidents building longer standing new home built original foundation uses cellar basement governor lived governor headquarters unofficial residence purchased located block home floyd built home lost lived term governor later sold second official residence state governor built center indianapolis sailors monument stands designed laid city mansion cost completed term governor ray wife refused live home lack privacy governor inhabited indiana chief justice 1850s demolished 1870s acceptable home governor state purchased house serve residence governor location corner market indianapolis proved damp wetland conditions area time governor blamed conditions wife death home abandoned term briefly lived house refused stay house sold term eventually destroyed governors remained official residence state purchased home located indianapolis furnished additional built design english country house home gothic interior high ceilings luxurious brief renovation home inhabited governor starting remained building sold state intended turn eventually demolished clear land parking lot fifth home governor purchased located home built stories high slated roofs rooms famed golden bathroom fixtures high tipped iron fence purchased widow served residence governor present mansion purchased home sold auction turn sold building auctioned brief period current residence renovation period governors took residence located state leased residence cost month gallery governor residence commission governor residence maintained trust managed located indianapolis commission authorized charged overseeing renovation maintenance home event planning commission members included shannon commission partly funded private donations members appointed governor serve term lengths choosing commission meets monthly officially reports commission serves pay expenses	Indiana Governor's Residence	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
2438_CommissiontoAssesstheBallisticMissileThreattotheUnitedStates	commission assess missile threat united_states missile threat united_states called independent commission formed congress evaluate missile threat posed united_states group began work january issued unanimous final report july month mandate report warned growing threat missiles inability intelligence track developments contrasted views previous intelligence estimates stated threat missiles years away commission fueled debate national missile defense system contributed phrase axis evil background argument national missile defense system united_states traditionally protect country soviet missile attack fall soviet_union proponents missile defense shield began instead focus risk posed rogue states developing missiles capable eventually reaching case national intelligence estimate stated country major nuclear powers capable acquiring missiles reach canada united_states ensuing years republican intent funding defensive shield criticized report clinton administration inaccurate assessments distorted intelligence republican congressman pennsylvania walked cia briefing later said outrageous intelligence document seen years washington february held hearings missile threat final report recommended reviews created investigate complete new investigation missile threat process highly ranking democrat committee california congressman accused relying far heavily outside experts witnesses called committee fact strong proponents missile defense review conducted director future defense secretary concluded evidence faulty political bias conclusions conclusion angered missile defense supporters counted review arguments commission history second review conducted outside commission took agree commission membership commission eventually began meet mid january future secretary defense commission formed investigate feasibility national missile defense shield reality conclusions influence debate led washington doubt unanimous conclusion possible wished reach consensus instituted policy noted objection report needed support commissioners weeks little new information threat investigated mid february mandate supposedly giving access necessary information executive branch commission complained person point commission gained greater access information personnel intelligence community commission continued mid july time frustrated intelligence refusal analysts speculate given information considered general inexperience intelligence personnel group limit interviews members government spoke employees boeing especially missile designs basis long range missile program conclusions final reports commission page classified report congress page report version group came unanimous conclusions threatened missiles tipped biological nuclear china russia iran iraq north_korea iran north_korea develop capability strike years decision pursue missile technology iraq require years intelligence community growing threats processes intelligence community estimates threat causing erosion accurate assessments diminishing warning time missile systems operationally deployed warning future aftermath immediate findings commission generated mixed reactions intelligence officers experts intelligence community privately angered harsh language report describe assessments threat cia director openly criticize public congressional proponents national missile shield especially republicans findings push case shield necessary experts government questioned report saying general reaching definite conclusions intelligence estimate focused actually occurring commission focused occur labeled article hypothesis based threat assessment observers took moderate tone reaction acknowledging funding provided national missile defense tests saying rush developing technology prove ineffective costly months final report events occurred supporters reinforced commission conclusions late july iran tested time new missile traveled miles exploding basic design modeled north_korea launched described stage satellite launch august year surprise intelligence expected test stage partially based stage failed nonetheless major development introduced stage separation solid fuel north korean commission public consciousness chairman commission named newly elected president secretary defense second time office december commissioner praised commission work new_york_times piece reiterated commission suggested build missile defense system members commission appointed new bush administration named deputy secretary defense appointed march selected fill newly created secretary position man conducted review missile threat appointed secretary defense november resignation commission thought foreign policy analysts basis president axis evil line state accused iraq iran north_korea state sponsors terrorism pursuing weapons mass destruction grouped countries believed pursuing missile programs based missile days bush presidency administration focused heavily developing national missile defense system counter threats month address speaker house appointed head commission mentioned importance commission findings relation ability predict threat posed axis members participants commission chaired secretary defense republican included following members republicans general democrats general david jason bernard victory henry	Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
3895_GovernmentofSingapore	government singapore government singapore defined constitution republic singapore mean executive branch government president president acts personal discretion exercise certain functions check cabinet parliament singapore role largely ceremonial cabinet composed prime minister ministers appointed advice president generally directs controls government cabinet formed political party gains simple majority general election statutory board autonomous agency government established act parliament overseen government ministry unlike government departments subdivisions statutory boards staffed civil servants greater independence flexibility operations appointed board management districts singapore residents district board management designate chairman mayor district appointed practice mps appointed mps designated founding modern singapore singapore headed residents succession following singapore amalgamation straits settlements governed governor settlements introduced advise governor executive power created appointed governor recommendation constitutional talks representatives held singapore gained internal self government governor replaced yang power appoint post prime minister person likely command authority assembly ministers cabinet prime minister advice general elections swept power seats assembly prime minister singapore executive branch remained unchanged following singapore merger malaysia subsequent independence returned power general election formed cabinet government generally perceived competent managing country economy largely free political corruption hand criticized unfair election tactics violating freedom speech terminology term government singapore number different meanings widest refer collectively traditional branches government executive branch legislative branch president judicial branch supreme_court subordinate courts singapore term colloquially mean executive legislature branches government responsible day day governance nation term refer mps belonging particular political party coalition parties holding majority seats parliament sufficient enable party coalition form sense intended said political party forms government constitution republic singapore uses word government mean executive branch president cabinet article describes technical sense selected aspects executive branch government history january sir englishman governor indonesia entered preliminary agreement establish factory trading post island singapore confirmed agreement signed february june singapore ceased placed control presidency june singapore formally transferred result came control singapore company sultan effected treaty november ratified calcutta march singapore headed residents singapore succession singapore amalgamated straits settlements crown colony effect april colony governed governor introduced letters patent issued crown composed persons constituted manner directed royal instructions existed advise governor executive power governor required consult affairs importance urgent laid reference prejudice public service urgent cases governor inform council measures taken following second world war straits settlements disbanded singapore crown colony right consisted officials nominated february sir appointed review constitution colony singapore rendered report things recommended created composed elected members appointed governor recommendation leader largest political party coalition parties having majority support legislature recommendation implemented general election held year labour took majority seats assembly chief minister singapore major problems constitution chief minister ministers powers ill defined official members retained control finance administration internal security law led confrontation marshall saw prime minister governing country governor sir felt important decisions policies remain official members members held constitutional talks london talks broke marshall agree proposal casting vote proposed held british high commissioner singapore exercise emergency marshall resigned chief minister june replaced following year led delegation talks self government time agreement reached composition constitutional arrangements swiftly settled august passed act granting colony internal self government singapore new constitution came force june governor replaced yang head state power appoint prime minister person likely command authority ministers cabinet prime minister advice constitution created post british high commissioner entitled receive agenda cabinet meeting cabinet papers general elections swept power seats assembly prime minister singapore ministers appointed cabinet british high commissioner role ambassador following singapore independence britain merger malaysia apart executive branch remained largely unchanged governed state larger federation effect august singapore left fully independent republic separation malaysia retained executive authority held took additional executive authority singapore relinquished yang ceased relinquished sovereignty jurisdiction power authority executive respect singapore yang singapore independence act executive authority singapore newly created post president cabinet minister authorized cabinet repeatedly returned power voters formed cabinet singapore general election government generally perceived competent managing country economy largely free political corruption corruption perceptions index compares countries according degree corruption perceived exist public officials politicians ranked singapore joint place denmark new_zealand countries addition singapore second new_zealand hand government criticized unfair election tactics voting opposition parties general election stating elect opposition candidates receive state improvements public housing held attended accused violating freedom speech ministers bringing suits opposition politicians restricting circulation foreign newspapers deemed engaged domestic politics composition constitution defines government singapore president executive authority singapore president minister authorized cabinet president normally plays nominal largely ceremonial role executive branch government president acts personal discretion exercise certain functions check cabinet parliament singapore required act accordance advice cabinet minister acting general authority cabinet cabinet general direction control government singapore follows westminster system government legislative agenda parliament determined cabinet start new parliamentary session president gives address prepared cabinet outlines cabinet intends achieve session parliament lasts maximum years date sitting parliament dissolved general election held months following general election president prime minister judgment likely command confidence majority mps practice prime minister usually leader political party holding majority seats parliament president ministers mps acting accordance prime minister advice responsibilities ministers prime minister giving written directions charge minister responsibility department subject practice issuing published government gazette instance constitution republic singapore responsibility senior minister minister states notified general information article constitution republic singapore prime minister directed effect 1st april charged responsibility following matters national security issues involving affecting ministry security policy review committee foreign policy issues involving affecting ministry foreign policy issues involve legal negotiation international shall designated senior minister minister ministers designated prime minister charge particular ministers prime minister office ministers known ministers portfolio prime minister retain department subject charge ministers appointed second ministers assist primary minister duties instance effect april 11th parliament minister prime minister office held posts second minister finance second minister transport july prime minister announced november arts reorganized government date following prime minister office ministry manpower mom ministry usually composed headquarters number departments boards subordinate entities statutory boards instance departments chief information officer office boards statutory boards names bold chinese persons personal names indian persons indicate sources prime minister statement new september september archived original september september names cabinet aimed leadership succession coordinating ministers help tackle complex matters mentor younger ministers september new faces office holders today archived original september aspects government ministers state parliamentary united_kingdom number commonwealth countries members parliament mps appointed aid ministers performance functions addition constitution provides president acting accordance advice prime minister appoint parliamentary mps assist ministers discharge duties functions office holders regarded members cabinet written law minister empowered exercise power perform duty absence provision law contrary approval president government gazette person person time duties office designated exercise power perform duty behalf minister subject conditions exceptions qualifications president determine instance consolidation senior minister state law exercise certain powers minister law copyright act criminal procedure code land acquisition act land act act parliamentary secretary powers minister home affairs regulation prisons regulations consolidation template parliamentary statutory boards statutory board autonomous agency government established act parliament overseen government ministry act sets purposes powers rights agency unlike government departments subdivisions statutory boards staffed civil servants greater independence flexibility operations managed boards directors members usually include businessmen professionals senior civil servants officials trade unions research star maritime statutory boards example typical statutory board established august enactment section act states shall established body known shall body corporate perpetual succession shall capable sued acquiring owning holding developing property suffering acts things bodies corporate suffer functions board explore present heritage people singapore context ancestral cultures links asia world collection preservation interpretation display objects records promote public awareness appreciation understanding arts culture heritage means board collections means considers appropriate promote establishment development organizations concerned national heritage singapore provide permanent records national historical significance facilitate access conduct records management programmes government record preserve history singapore oral history means advise government respect matters relating national heritage singapore board empowered things necessary convenient connection performance functions prejudice provision board power example develop manage museums archives oral history centres facilities related functions advise facilitate preservation historic sites establish liaison museums archives oral history centres universities institutions secure maximum collaboration activities relevant functions board consists chairman deputy chairman members minister information communications arts time time determine members board appointed minister hold office term minister determine resign term office appointment revoked minister minister required provide reason appointment board member minister consultation board board directions thinks fit inconsistent provisions act concerning exercise performance board functions board required effect directions approval minister board required appoint chief executive officer responsible board proper administration management board affairs accordance policy laid board board entitled appoint employees officers terms determine engage persons pay services considers necessary carrying functions duties districts statutory board objects include organisation promotion group participation social cultural educational athletic activities people singapore order realize belong community interests establishment institutions purpose leadership training order leaders sense national identity spirit dedicated service community appointed board management districts singapore functions include community bonding strengthening social people singapore advising matters affecting residents districts provision use public facilities services districts use public funds allocated districts community activities consists chairman members number residents district board management empowered designate chairman mayor district appointed practice mps appointed mps designated october names bold chinese persons personal names indian persons required vacate seats parliament parliament dissolved continue hold office terms office directed vacate office board management	Government of Singapore	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
12887_EvolutionofWorcestershirecountyboundariessince1844	evolution boundaries boundaries england fluid years major changes detached parts surrounding counties conversely islands counties counties detached parts act began processing eliminating process completed absorbed expansion birmingham industrial revolution altered county map considerably local government commissions set recommend changes local government structures early recommendations merge eventually form recommendation carried combined form new county named northern towns villages adjoining areas formed new county divided separate counties time boundaries changed opted join associate non constituent member october affect borough status boundaries boundaries relatively stable victorian era parishes changed hands neighbouring counties usually gifts monarchy church conquest administration carried courts quarter sessions responsible law order civil jurisdiction certain administrative functions county roles included licensing police weights measures construction maintenance highways bridges poor law disputes setting taxes county divided hundreds county subdivision separate larger towns worcester county corporate worcester autonomous certain degree autonomy hundreds remaining hundreds prior reforms main township parish incorporated fractured layout hundreds best confusing hundreds split divisions differing parts county table shows parishes islands surrounded hundreds parishes existed counties jurisdictions known simply islands parishes stretched county boundary area old parish included instance unusually large number cut main county completely surrounded nearby counties relationship neighbouring counties mirrored confusing fragmented layout parishes hundreds images table notable islands area main respectively history outside county colourful changing hands returning differing times centuries southern boundary county complex parish boundaries penetrating deep gloucestershire vice versa counties detached parts act counties detached parts act act parliament abolished counties england wales precursor legislation reform act parliamentary boundaries act boundaries members parliament acts changed status starting process incorporating surrounding county act parliament designed issue islands numerous remained enactment act final transferred west order parish detached gifted earl late 11th century lying northern border southern border small islands excluded gift retained consisted dozen disconnected fragments land manor detached parts isolated returned ending detached status islands years later neighbouring parish joined new parish historically division ancient parishes linked system parishes sharing boundaries poor law amendment act declared divergence historic ecclesiastical parish administrative functions locality creating civil parishes administrative units formed tier local government england established political reform 1880s increasing pressure reform structure english counties question county government major political issue party general election contained promises introduce elected local authorities boundaries act received september appointed review existing county boundaries counties corporate witnessed formation county administration loss territory birmingham act unite rest county achieved transfer territory act repealed favour alternative local government act administrative county came existence following local government act level division england purposes local government new structure replaced administrative functions carried quarter sessions administrative county covered historic newly designated county worcester county borough single tier authority regarded local government act independent county council jurisdiction administrative county size general population historic status counties corporate act ensured boundaries classified non administrative purposes match administrative county including county cases non administrative purposes stated sheriff lieutenant justices militia resembling functions modern ceremonial counties local government act hundreds replaced new district council formation urban rural districts following implementation local government act new districts second tier administrative units county council jurisdiction form county borough single tier authorities act abolition hundreds remaining powers given new district councils district council boundaries self contained administrative county legislation unlike predecessors stray external boundaries example included area changes act introduced structural changes civil parishes established elected civil parish councils rural parishes grouped rural districts boundaries altered avoid parishes split counties birmingham short time act northern external boundaries began alter district originally constituted northerly parish king area county added newly designated city birmingham october followed small island near transferred years following loss county gained parish parish nearly surrounded parish situated north east border area transferred jurisdiction continuous expansion birmingham city large factor fluid boundary changes associated housing issues followed birmingham november greater transfers city november saw considerable expansion city surrounding districts consequence transfer birmingham areas regarded birmingham status county borough ensured areas administered expansion compact size borough combined increasing population high cost derelict land urgent clearance contributed dire housing land shortage resulted council acquiring land adjacent local authorities expense grew slightly allow construction land situated boundary changes saw purchase town castle ruins council primarily free surrounding land social housing thousand homes council owned built known nest old park farm estates similar housing land shortage existed nearby borough resulted authority acquiring land adjoining council areas urban area spread border far road park adjustment county boundary took place occasion gained territory woods enabled build new housing estates west road housing land shortage continued world war rendering council concentrate primarily constructing medium rise flats high rise tower blocks social housing needs provisional order confirmation gloucestershire act counties detached parts act originally designed islands area surrounding county possessed south east enactment act nearly completed task islands surrounding county act transferred gloucestershire whilst gained rural district merged subsequently amalgamated boundary act south western tip transferred gloucestershire whilst county gained parish added expanding urban district proposed radical changes local government structures plans included merging form new administrative unit new south county worcester remain county services carried respective county council commission proposals abandoned revised proposals combined surface years later local government act course 19th 20th centuries birmingham urban areas single extensive spanning borders counties similar urban areas england london grown size industrial revolution expansion saw economic physical integration neighbouring towns communities process prominent growing housing issues extensive bombing world war clearance continuing migration urban areas contained combination county urban districts municipal county councils taking responsibility services resulted fragmented local government infrastructure local government act appointed review administrative structures boundaries england outside london act designated west special review area recommendations ultimately form west order legislation second report known west general review looked administrative authorities wider region including remainder commission report july recommended black country area administered large county remaining urban districts municipal merged authorities original county council responsibility services majority curtailed association historic ceremonial purposes included council areas incorporated county borough eventual proposed included enlarged borough successful campaign entitled hands orchestrated non partisan group called helped stop plans second report area delivered july proposal worcester lose county borough status implemented april expanded historical boundaries took surrounding districts west order status borough ceded enlarged borough renamed enlarged county borough regarded non administrative purposes county council jurisdiction amalgamation area area subsequent associated legislation established area west passenger transport executive territory county council grew took majority urban district designation april new town historically lies county boundary expansion newly designated town fall green belt north surrounding area boundary counties realigned favour consequence boundaries order legislation new town designation coincided programme considerable social housing development mainly enactment town development act numerous housing developments took place county especially worcester near birmingham boundary majority developments designed help alleviate housing land shortages birmingham boundaries report report recommended abolition existing county county borough borough urban district rural district councils replacement new authorities new single tier authorities largely based major towns acted regional employment commercial social recreational centres took account local transport infrastructure travel patterns proposals county included considerable loss territory proposed west metropolitan area including planned whilst included district known planned incorporate remaining central southern including worcester amalgamated form new county areas exist overarching covering entire region capacity won general election committed tier system local government england government proposals reorganisation ultimately led organisation saw great deal recommendations discontinued england government proposals reorganisation bill ultimately local government act far report plans amalgamation majority remained areas join proposed metropolitan county west order associated legislation formation instigated large degree local government integration carried county borough system place incorporated enlarged administrative unit plus join west debates associated local government bill amendment numbers proposed maintaining separate counties stated bill welcomed county situation reluctantly accepted group amendments change bill said whilst agreement place worcester included merger intensely unpopular especially neighbouring county said amendment debate future rural district whilst ambitions wish merger going smoothly result exercise operation local authorities political parties amendments defeated subsequent vote paving way future amendment numbers transfer parish new combined authority accompanying debates house_of_lords lord said respective borough council duly elected wholly opposed joined continued stating reason support county council opposition joining question green belt threatened future development originally combined authority called term early local government bill debates statistics time bill law county renamed worcester county west local government act new metropolitan administrative unit known incorporating south north border area act new county sub divided metropolitan districts districts metropolitan granted royal charters giving borough status largely centred birmingham county boundary roughly matching gap included enabling incorporated new structure new authority borough formed later whilst borough merged create rural proposed discarded permitting new authority april day local government reorganisation article times quoted unnamed official said new county boundaries solely purpose defining areas level government future administrative areas alter traditional boundaries counties intended people living change west county council existed short period abolition april enactment abolished greater london council individual metropolitan resumed services provided county level joint bodies west worcester legislation local government act came force april saw county amalgamated form single non metropolitan county worcester new county divided districts started periodic structural reviews looked administrative areas individual basis proposed boundary change near incorporate area proposal rejected minor adjustment commission investigated splitting following submissions proposals rejected time boundary changes proposed accepted resulting minor changes counties minor adjustments county boundary time borough near metropolitan borough near review west city birmingham boundaries worcester recent transfer territory occurred sections birmingham district boundary draft proposals final report city birmingham boundaries proposed remainder transfer birmingham changes intended unify housing estates built maintained town development act fell boundary split parts area transferred birmingham april small village remained formed new civil parish surrounding areas transferred city remained county recreated contrary final proposal boundary changes relatively minor comparison previous transfers local government act following local government act legislation charged examining english non metropolitan counties given authority recommend proposals significantly alter abolish administrative areas accompanying legislation known established new single tier form administrative unit known authority new councils responsible services carried non metropolitan district county authorities area resembling county county reviewed despite earlier structural review recommended change county options consultation including ideas forward discounted consultation stage included complete restoration boundary option included jurisdiction april deemed local government review include metropolitan counties review change boundaries recommended split authorities centred north south parliament chose hybrid tier option instead resulting abolition county new present worcester county council ceased exist april replaced new non metropolitan ceremonial county new county regained historic border authority districts worcester retained little change hills districts crossed historic border new district created parts districts restored external boundaries new county shown altered split following abolition county cross boundary organisations resources remain shared counties include waste management youth service radio station bbc commercial radio counterpart broadcasts counties regarded single licence area shared merged wider legally exists day metropolitan ceremonial county functions west passenger transport executive known original metropolitan counties combined authorities tier statutory bodies resembling metropolitan county councils involved combined authority process intense media debate discussion possible combined authorities region especially following scottish independence referendum greater manchester agreement local authorities initially agreed start process form combined authority official announcement june encompassed seven metropolitan councils new body known aims established june originally covering birmingham district councils forest discussed setting board formal governance structure combined authority sir leader said envisioned combined authority stretching form core powerhouse compete city regions world stated invited form possible combined authority membership far authority join new combined authority associate non constituent member whilst opted join time present secretary state business innovation skills said welcomed ambition shown new combined authority mission drive forward engine previously worcester sir mid leader spoken future birmingham combined authority incorporating county said empowering city regions essential new english settlement great counties england equal role ensuring economic success possibility combined authority focusing key areas transport infrastructure planning skills development land planning local media politicians document county final report states collective local authorities local enterprise partnership currently considering options establish economic prosperity board combined authority similar document mentions world class combined authority provides consistency present county council branding future subsequent local government restructuring april abolished tier counties including affect county maintains tier administrative system local government act lord stone pursuit growth review suggested english local authorities combined authority models similar existing structures scotland wales conversations taking place local media possible council structure possibilities forward discussions broadly similar proposals prior abolition ideas consist authorities based forest south worcester single council district councils south county successfully worked produce replaced existing local plans partner councils adopted february superseded elements plan joint service provisions north districts including building control shared services economic development regeneration water management emergency planning business continuity service revival separately secretary state communities local government announced symbolic england historic traditional counties exist recognised government encourage marking continued use traditional county names existing tiers local government residents follow announcement april forward initiative changing planning regulations stating traditional county names placed government department published online map comparing current historic counties main body boundaries appear acknowledged islands including omitted statistics table features official statistics relating size population onwards statistics compiled england wales basis population increased fold census reaching peak people according survey accounted people worcester whilst remaining resided administrative county area survey based different external boundaries opposed present county current population estimated people according census census taken world war statistics county individual statistics available	Evolution of Worcestershire county boundaries since 1844	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
14388_Valencia(SpanishCongressElectoralDistrict)	spanish congress electoral district electoral districts spanish spanish congress deputies lower chamber largest district congress terms numbers deputies elected elected sixteen deputies total number elected members corresponding province electorate resides metropolitan area includes satellite towns political terms district shown long term shift right initially favoured parties left centre left won district seats election election won overall centre right despite fact centre left won election centre right won sixteen seats district smaller parties polled previous elections won seats elections dominated main spanish parties won seats election received votes cast election regained seat won seats district boundaries electoral system article spanish constitution boundaries electoral district province article altered approval congress time election largest municipality voters total electorate largest municipalities municipalities voting basis universal suffrage secret ballot electoral system closed list proportional representation seats allocated method lists poll total vote includes votes considered article constitution minimum voting age electoral procedures laws regulating conduct administration elections laid detail electoral law del electoral general law elections districts supervised permanent body composed supreme_court judges political scientists appointed electoral commission supported work election day polling stations run electoral boards consist groups citizens selected lottery format ballot paper designed spanish state law allows political parties produce distribute ballot papers voters means street distribution provided comply official model government covers cost printed ballot papers marked voters polling station outside polling station placed inside sealed placed inside ballot boxes polling station following close polls ballots counted individual polling station presence representatives political parties candidates ballots immediately destroyed exception considered invalid challenged candidates representatives retained scrutiny result recounts impossible eligibility article spanish constitution prohibits dual membership chambers regional assemblies meaning candidates resign regional assemblies elected article makes active judges public defenders serving military personnel active police officers members constitutional electoral ineligible additionally article political parties law june parties individual candidates prevented standing tribunal judged violated article law prohibits parties perceived people basis ideology religion beliefs race gender sexual orientation article organise violence means achieving political objectives article support compliment actions terrorist organisations article article section electoral law director generals equivalent leaders state public bodies spanish state broadcaster lastly following changes electoral law took effect municipal elections candidates lists composed candidates gender group candidates contain males females presenting candidates parties different parties registered present lists candidates article electoral law groups registered commission present lists provided obtain signatures registered particular district article number members general elections returned members figure increased members general election remained level reduced members returned members general election spanish electoral law provinces awarded initial minimum seats cities single member districts remaining seats allocated provinces according population ignoring minimum seats awarded practical effect law represent smaller provinces expense larger provinces like example spain voters giving average voters deputy number voters deputy contrast smallest provinces ratio respectively political parties following political parties won seats district active parties formed grew earlier described conservative catch party tendencies conservative neo liberal policies regional elections held presidency region elections mayoral position city local election formed social democratic political party party held presidency region mayoral position city local election democratic cds progress democracy inactive defunct parties formed august described variously centre right party nationalist opposed merging region proper regarded different language results municipality recent elections polled best polling best satellite towns particularly immediate west region known election enjoyed lead overall polled strongly led led neighbouring municipality leads nearby towns led strongly concentrated city central districts districts particular polled led neighbourhood level differences pronounced districts close city average polled nearly vote central polled year best performances came outlying neighbourhood led polled parts area adjacent port generally failed break barrier areas seven largest municipalities polled polled best received vote best performances near city best results came outside best result came polled election election saw improve position relative municipalities community extended lead overtook voted party satellite towns lead cut highest vote shares came polled nearly highest came municipalities highest vote shares exceeded vote municipalities vote share declined areas increased vote party exceed barrier municipality achieved highest turnout lowest turnout unusual results relative occurred lowest turnout turnout increased benefited increased vote share dropping summary seats won seats shown include seats won predecessors including won electoral alliance seats shown include seats won formed unofficial electoral pact election leader deputy elected spanish senate ticket proved controversial membership led split party vote share summary del nationalist election deputy prime minister madrid deputy headed list election interpreted attempt gain united left seat possibly advance seats vote share fell controversy repeal plan divert important issue campaign approved government planned divert communities president community moved madrid district deputy congress expelled chamber speaker stood instead reelected mayor turned offer head list selected head list regional federation november replaced result month later citing irregularities membership registration following controversy resigned stood unsuccessfully multi party list included successful gaining final seat previously won seats district decided contest election wake election result prime minister highlighted areas needed improve results results general election turnout general election turnout general election turnout replaced december replaced july july replaced resigned april replaced general election turnout resigned replaced october april named general secretary infrastructure replaced august resigned seat citing personal family reasons replaced september general election turnout resigned april subsequently sat mixed group group consists non party deputies parties unable form parliamentary group deputies turnout april replaced replaced week term deputy shortest period served deputy restoration democracy moved district election representing madrid previous seven years replaced replaced june replaced deputy lost seat election turnout camps replaced february turn replaced august replaced april turnout june replaced deputy lost seat election june replaced october replaced general election turnout replaced june turnout june elected european parliament replaced deputy second election row elected replacement deputy returning deputy election represented cds member brother served legislature deputy turnout replaced february replaced january replaced turnout resigned february replaced female representative restoration democracy general election turnout source	Valencia (Spanish Congress Electoral District)	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
16308_ContactPoint	government database held information children england created response abuse death year old england agencies involved care failed prevent death aimed improve child protection improving way information children shared services designed previously working titles information sharing index index children index database created children act cost set year run operated local authorities accessible users database heavily criticised wide range groups mainly privacy security child protection reasons new announced plans scrap august database shut date children act information database england regulations amended longer applies development april born november died february london great aunt arrived london sent parents chance education months later met bus driving victoria moved flat abused including beaten bike chains wires forced sleep liner bath tied periods hours period leading death police social services local authorities local churches contact noted signs abuse judge trial following victoria death described incompetence failed properly investigate abuse little action taken february victoria admitted accident emergency department semi unconscious suffering multiple organ failure died day aged november guardians charged child cruelty murder january found guilty sentenced life imprisonment victoria death led public inquiry launched chaired investigated role agencies involved care report published january found agencies involved care failed protect occasions workers involved case prevented death report led things creation programme consists green papers published september steps published early published november database proposals announced september alongside publication created section children act idea child database preceded report suggested report privacy data sharing way forward public services performance published april year report related child abuse implementation pilot schemes designated identification tracking schemes began council local authorities doubts legality council obtaining data children local database council eventually advised legal pilot areas followed different ways december secretary state education skills official announcement introduction database confirmed minister state children young people families allow introduction database government required local authorities implement framework help improve outcomes children government set deadline january local authorities failed achieve government began consultation draft regulations september ended december october government selected design database february database renamed information sharing index following research groups including children families decided clear purpose database improve communication working children consultation guide database users launched ended july database expected cost set spread years beginning december costing year years year database operating local authorities accessible users expected fully operational end following child benefit data scandal deadline pushed months allow security review prior implementation training workers planned begin spring following general election new government scrapped database measures reverse substantial erosion civil liberties labour government roll state intrusion poll found consensus correct wrong decision use government said database set improve child protection improving way information children shared services professionals job involves supporting children able access database required undergo enhanced checks training local authority decide access database provided role listed regulations users need provide reason record trail kept access database help detect professionals completed common assessment framework tool identify severity child situation able record child record carried information discovered way held data protection act organisations supplying data database inform children guardians fair processing notices subjects database access requests writing view personal data organisations hold database correct mistakes government estimated benefit reducing work time database valued content entries child consist database hold case assessment material observations database include information sensitive nature defined issues relating sexual health mental health substance abuse consent child child guardians needed appeared database note child receiving help sensitive services refusal consent justified children minister said drug alcohol use parents relatives neighbours aspects behaviour recorded government guidelines reveal information recorded included family routines evidence chaotic lifestyle ways family income signs mental illness alcohol relatives difficulties parents relationship august announced database include telephone numbers addresses celebrities children records children risk shielded determined case case basis technical specification include capacity store data coverage database hold information million children england records kept years child turns leave england wales intention returning database apply year olds care learning disabilities applies england wales permission needed criticism significant privacy concerns database produced report november children privacy safety saying database guidelines ignored family values privacy details database needs looked carefully government responded saying reservations report evidence base report authors replied throw leading academics field challenging evidence evidence report government action rights children said proposals invaded child right privacy given convention rights child said interference rights article european convention human rights right respect private life difficult justify liberty civil liberties interest group said governments interfere family life warning importance privacy free society raised concerns breach doctor patient phrase cause concern criticised potential overly wide ranging fears function study commissioner think trust views young people information sharing found children concerned invasions privacy reluctant use sensitive services database commentators expressed concern country increasing surveillance august information commissioner drawing parallel way governments eastern_europe spain gained power information 20th century expressed concern national including introduction identity cards warning danger country ing surveillance society april secretary state defence said skills consider scope realise efficiency effectiveness benefits child population register thought database conjunction national coordinator group opposing identity cards said cradle grave surveillance member parliament said public concern government plans compulsory identity card database state children database property database council tax argued new database child country effect population surveillance tool years system prevent child abuse eyes education home education support group agreed assessment said staff working protect vulnerable children expressed disbelief investing hundreds millions best way safeguard children said davies assertion gross distortion intelligent application technology aimed ensuring child benefits universal services awarded big brother award worst public servant partly backing database security concerns database significant commentators said large risk abuse system evidence presented management board showed month staff logged incidents inappropriate access sex offenders targeting children database find vulnerable victims celebrity attacked critics saying fears security government ministers decided exclude children database proposals broken data protection human rights laws said database lead self fulfilling children difficult backgrounds treated potential government accused public response death force unpopular proposal curb civil liberties concerns database undermine child protection parents weakening power parents look children harm good sheer size database meant cases overlooked abundance minor incidents doubts government estimate cost database information commissioner estimates said absurd raised concerns cost noting government projects tend budget questioned children ability informed consent right chief executive wanted database cover united_kingdom england wales saying information held partial potentially worse useless june child protection conference children protected held reached conclusion database prevent child abuse undermine parents ability look children government rejected negative criticism said database contain basic information certainly including information children diet school said information child needs kept risk government denied possibility function concerns privacy spokesman saying conscious need respect personal privacy said database secure undermine child protection help agencies share information hughes said database secure confident ensure security government said confident database complied human rights act chief executive said index response continuing problem action helps reduce number children slip net welcome publication procedures organisations access clear vast majority voluntary organisations able access meant majority organisations work children young people sports groups groups faith groups able register involvement representing real challenge practitioners wanted working particular child young person	ContactPoint	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
17945_Lorne(electoraldistrict)	electoral district electoral district existed district created electoral districts proclaimed actually election held northwest territories act district mandated inception return single member past post electoral system district named honour governor general tour electoral district created electoral district ceased exist drop writ general election population boom area caused influx settlers electoral district split electoral districts prince albert electoral district years district existed returned members elections served roughly year terms overview electoral district proclaimed lieutenant governor november electoral districts salisbury named salisbury lord contribution transferring canadian arctic archipelago canada september electoral district created provision cover area square miles km2 population major population centres electoral district time creation land district high rate settlement period cause possibility canadian pacific railway line built area political system time run early form consensus government candidates stood election independent political parties exist provinces territories federal level canada government developed point responsible government majority members appointed elected district served representatives year history members election results election election held march pivotal milestone responsible government attained election marked time provision allowed electoral district proclaimed area size square miles km2 residents activated election conducted voice vote qualified tell returning officer polling station going vote results tallied terms act eligible males reached age majority years age time act specified males aliens indians resided territory months day writ dropped election commenced lieutenant governor dropped writ election contested candidates fur trader chief factor hudson bay company clarke opponent local french speaking businessman prince albert operating flour mill clarke held big advantage campaign supported looking locally represent legislature territory formed clarke built popularity recognition prominent fur trader election day clarke carried district winning solid victory defeated moore winning nearly popular vote win elected member sit council election nearing end term office clarke decided run election losing support ties electorate suspected working influence office locate important government offices land owned company completely new candidates ran election captain famous registered private practicing medical doctor history originally settled prince albert campaigned appealing concerns comprised largest demographic district promised demands better representation helped win support pocket construction new church community campaign efforts donation proved popular appeal representation translated landslide victory election day june defeated capturing nearly popular vote win largest majority elections held electoral district official results race showed won big polls winning porter support concentrated ridge won poll swept south end district winning shut communities shut held strong support rest riding biggest single vote tally votes coming form town prince albert election election district held september election major election held election grouped number old districts coming renewal year cycle elections new districts created population boom settlers moving territory played major role end term office run election instead choosing campaign seat porter attempted win seat running office second time porter challenged captain business man duck lake hughes captain prince albert militia unit disbanded prior start north west resistance unit including lieutenant drove loyalist forces battle fish creek election day despite increasing popular share vote election lower turnout porter defeated hughes race tight contested nearly ending tie vote hughes captured electoral district margin votes winning popular vote	Lorne (electoral district)	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
19437_JointAgencyCoordinationCentre	australian government agency established march coordinate search recovery operations flight disappeared march soon determined ended australia concurrent maritime search rescue regions agency australia headed perform search recovery investigation activities coordinates search effort serves primary point contact information search media families flight passengers background march flight disappeared route malaysia beijing china persons aboard search gulf thailand promptly initiated near aircraft voice contact air traffic control final contact secondary radar type radar air traffic control week disappearance malaysia announced military radar determined aircraft traveled west lost air traffic control announced communications satellite indicated aircraft continued fly hours located corridors northwest southwest malaysia northern corridor soon discounted focus search shifted west australia australia concurrent maritime search rescue regions extend march australia agreed lead search southern sumatra southern indian_ocean australian australia search rescue agency initially coordinated search australia region information officials malaysia history establishment australian prime minister announced creation march coordinate search australian waters operational following day assuming coordination search effort communications media foreign governments australian government agencies initially based perth western australia offices relocated canberra quickly relocated perth necessary search establishment search ocean surface aircraft continued april acoustic underwater search underwater attached aircraft flight ended april followed survey near area acoustic survey finished found debris aircraft initial search efforts active searching ceased plans preparations new phase called underwater search preceded survey plans new phase announced late june underwater search commenced october organisation division australian government australian government million years costs related time establishment retired air chief marshal sir head australia military appointed head prime minister crash flight july houston left agency appointed australia special envoy ukraine recover bodies australian victims assist relatives australian victims ensure proper investigation crash initiated accordance international standards january houston appointed knight military service continued commitment serve nation leadership roles particularly national responses flight flight disasters march chief coordinator executive director parent division division activities perform search recovery investigation activities provides single point contact affected parties including relatives missing passengers crew communication agencies organisations involved search provides information public latest developments search recovery operation search coordination responsible coordinating search efforts flight australian waters time agency creation search effort involved china japan malaysia new_zealand south_korea united_kingdom united_states agencies australian government australian search activities involved analysis flight satellite communications organisations initial search efforts agency worked primarily australian government agencies malaysia china plan carry survey underwater search works closely agency responsible defining search area carrying underwater search possible pieces flight located recovery effort australia works closely perform survey underwater search works malaysia china sent representatives work offices media primary source information australian government concerning search september issued weekly updates operational search updates highlighting week key developments search progress ship movements weather updates mention link newly released images interviews videos media statements reports concerning search released agencies involved search activities agency website maintains press releases press conferences meetings australia china malaysia photos videos maps reports published agencies related search relatives passengers serves single point contact relatives flight passengers agency weekly search updates provided english chinese majority flight passengers chinese addition search information serves liaison passengers families provide accommodation assistance interpretation services	Joint Agency Coordination Centre	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
25356_FederationofStoke-on-Trent	trent federation trent amalgamation towns trent single county borough trent history english local government union type event place 1960s federation culmination process urban growth municipal change started early 19th century little interaction separate settlements occurred 18th century pottery industry began expand rapidly early 19th century initial steps ensure greater operation towns issue law order county plan attempts form towns county borough following act parliament county system created administrative county wishing remain independent towns discussed uniting form separate county apparent fail proposal revised uniting towns county borough plan failed corporation agree location future administrative centre instead gained county borough status towns meet criteria designation federation attempt resurrection county plan led attempts form expanded county borough disagreement complex financial issues rates assets loans caused pull quickly followed proposal abandoned second final federation process instigated support opposition issues arose financial settlement discussions continued progress federation bill parliament bill passed house_of_commons debate house_of_lords towns announced come agreement passed december act came force march new trent county borough addition city status granted trent king george july background early 19th century towns eventually trent trent established settlements despite occupying small geographic area based pottery industry little political social operation prior 19th century local government remained largely based systems use middle ages towns led having varying forms government manor manor parish failing regimes lapse court long process federation began earliest changes seen market act gave statutory control market board trustees outside control improvement act respectively gave board commissioners control lighting ability levy rates purposes important steps directed form operation towns early proposals operation tentative step operation taken meeting future joint public meetings called head settlements held instance greater law order little interest forms operation apart establishment boards commissioners changes occurred 1830s passing reform act sparked renewed interest incorporation act created parliamentary borough trent elect members parliament trent parliamentary borough comprised lane end hamlet significance act time important reason election members parliament effectively shortly reform act came effect municipal corporations bill introduced proposed new parliamentary granted charters incorporation bill failed parliament excluded reforms later municipal corporations act interest incorporation sufficient meetings subject place reported meeting incorporation lead town having influence theme years meeting revisited topic raised pre promotion law order called appointment magistrate years later people voted favour incorporation borough meetings came incorporation reiterated calls appointment magistrate later year better meeting chaired duke calls heard acts parliament passed justice act legislation created boards commissioners powers given acts following amendments local justice discussion operation federation subdued decades county plan changes local government saw end systems trent formed borough trent borough borough borough boards commissioners superseded local boards health introduction local government bill march caused debate position towns proposed council structure bill proposed creation county councils england wales granting county borough status towns population exceeding county borough status allow places govern independently county council consensus coming control idea developed seeking county right accordingly proposal submitted july creation county july proposed amend bill reduce population requirement county borough status adopted allow county borough right rest towns come control july captain north west moved amendment bill district comprising municipal trent urban district urban district towns comprising pottery district formed county response president proposed matter resolved way provisional order bill parliamentary session undertake introduce bill supported amendment accepted assurance bound protect interests moved added proposed list county bill surrender right county borough county right hope matter resolved way provisional order bill amendments withdrawn bill received august listed places granted county borough status corporation months best proceed february opted county borough status effectively killing county proposal county borough proposal corporation decision recorded reported february insisted administrative centre new county agree following year proposed formation county borough comprising proposal came federation proposal december proposed meeting view federal action issued newcastle urban districts rural districts parishes invited meeting took place february resolved desirable interests form federation local authorities indicating preference implementation county plan legal opinion sought suggested county plan unlikely succeed viable proposition expand county borough include towns accordingly march representatives urban districts met agreed unanimously principle federation pottery towns constitution county borough adopted subject resolutions passed authority preservation respective interests council formal proposal expansion include parishes stone supported idea concurrently sir secretary presented towns committee scheme financial adjustment proposal net assets town calculated outstanding debts values properties proportion town needed contribute overall value county borough calculated value net assets contributed town proportion calculated town overall sum town need set higher general rate paid town conversely towns contributing value net assets greater proportion overall sum able set lower general rate towns awaited report implications owen proposal immediately decided impose financial district net assets district higher rate set district council accept withdrew discussions federation july report increased opposition idea federation poll came strongly federation withdrew scheme followed shortly faced strong opposition felt compelled withdraw submission bringing attempt federation twentieth century unsuccessful conclusion second federation proposal conference local authorities held delegates raised issue confederation proposal received amended suggestion grounds education matters common interest desirable parliamentary borough trent formed municipal borough basis authorities concerned invited subject consideration time parliamentary borough trent meant town council favour voters voted overwhelmingly proposal despite setback submitted proposal early local inquiry held soon reported quickly april informed councils proposed scheme sufficiently comprehensive suggested holding conference towns discuss complete proposal meeting took place july addressed president called number local conferences agree scheme federation towns duly held council refused participate clear proposal support electorate high turnout cent voters delivered vote federation described events surrounding poll unprecedented proponents opponents chiefly making effort ensure supporters voted indication strength feeling interest proposal events surrounding federation proposal background setting author contemporary novel opposing federation left submit proposals ruled submission met statutory formal requirements form basis subsequent local inquiry held january inquiry opened poll conducted town showed favour federation council voted federation decided oppose support federation instead achieve best deal town day inquiry opened january chaired major officer appointment caused controversy delegation walking day protesting declared favour federation disrupt hearing left opposed plan neutral favour bulk inquiry examined rating schemes based largely owen proposals previous federation attempt february weeks inquiry closed issued draft provisional bill federation towns unexpected rating scheme proposed differed schemes discussed inquiry included complicated properties belonging municipality towns wished carry supported draft order opposed draft order issued process moved london bill introduced house_of_commons july private bills chaired sir bill received reading july undergone significant amendment passage house_of_commons notably introduction complex differential rating system period years interested parties pleased proposal differential system welcomed period years preferred complicated required public assets proving unpopular result withdrew support order leaving promote bill house_of_lords council particularly favour financial settlement felt honour bound promote bill having initial scheme petitions bill submitted house_of_lords county council councils individual assigned deal bill chaired lord sat november december sessions committee declared important decisions reaffirmed federation benefit people differential rating system fixed period required asset town abandoned committee reserved right decide course action parties able reach agreement point important disputes passed house_of_commons current parliament horizon led delays passage bill parliament parliamentary session december week committee announcement towns informed committee agreement reached differential rating system years settled assets undertaken town responsible outstanding loans december point committee bill according terms agreed towns passed house_of_lords december returned house_of_commons bill passed day received december confirmation act came force march new council consisting representing new council actions voted mayor county borough trent previously appointed acting mayor primarily act returning officer municipal elections bias town halls council held inaugural meeting july county borough trent city trent letters patent king george dated june explanatory notes	Federation of Stoke-on-Trent	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
26478_Compliancerequirements	compliance requirements united_states compliance requirements series united_states federal government agencies established hundreds federal laws regulations applicable federal assistance known federal aid federal funds currently incorporated created facilitate recipients compliance federal laws regulations annual created fourteen basic standard compliance requirements recipients comply receiving federal assistance provides detailed explanations discussions guidance compliance supplement compliance requirements guidelines compliance hundreds laws regulations applicable specific type assistance recipient objectives generic nature large number federal programs compliance requirement identified letter order activities allowed compliance requirement establishes program operates specific purpose care elderly persons education children funds provided program activities benefit purpose federal assistance provided recipient specific purpose expended purpose costs cost principles compliance requirements important sections covers cost accounting policies expenses expenditures actual use federal funds administer federal assistance program words provides basis principles recipients adhere spending federal funds federal government recipient types groups state local indian tribal governments institutions higher education non profit organizations prior december group separate set cost principles follow cost principles applicable recipient type apply federal assistance received entity regardless awards received directly federal government indirectly pass entity issues cost principle circular category guide spending federal assistance accordance laws regulations circular cost principles state local circular includes united_states district_of_columbia washington agency governments county parish municipality city town state designated indian tribal government school district united_states territories possessions agency governments circular cost principles educational institutions institutions higher education colleges universities etc subject cost principles contained circular circular cost principles non profit organizations non profit organizations subject circular non profit organizations listed circular attachment subject commercial cost principles contained far list types cost expense item travel expense maintenance expense payroll salaries lobbying costs purchase materials payment utility bills etc establishes costs federal government determines federal assistance costs government prohibits federal assistance certain cost items considered universally cost related illegal activities lobbying costs considered type recipient type recipient general rule assistance costs requires federal government cost principles requirements federal awards issued december final guidance superseded streamlined requirements placed guidance guidance circular single act follow order cost considered supported adequate documentation documentation standards payroll costs charges federal awards salaries wages based records accurately reflect work performed records supported system internal control provides reasonable assurance charges accurate properly allocated documenting time worked federally funded activities commonly referred time documentation standards non payroll costs nature documentation required costs vary nature transaction authorized statute costs meet following general criteria order federal awards necessary reasonable performance federal award principles conform limitations set forth principles federal award types cost items consistent policies procedures apply uniformly federally financed activities non federal entity accorded consistent treatment cost assigned federal award direct cost cost incurred purpose like circumstances allocated federal award indirect cost determined accordance generally accepted accounting principles state local governments indian tribes provided included cost meet cost sharing matching requirements federally financed program current prior period adequately documented cash management section covers actual management handling funds pertaining federal program specifically federal assistance distributed recipients recipients manage funds actual transfer funds commonly referred usually requesting funds federal agency website network funds automatically transferred recipient bank account federal assistance program operations provided recipients usually methods called funding techniques advances funds funds advances funds advances federal funds provided recipient program activity performed recipients determine needed future expenditure budget process request federal government case pass entity monitoring federal funds received expended perform specific activity purchase good service payroll laws regulations require recipients request funds immediately needed recipients try minimize time receipts funds actual examples programs funding techniques section program program funds funding technique requires recipient pay program expenditures funds request expenses federal government pass entity recipients prepare send requests maintain supporting documentation showing costs requested paid prior date request implementation davis bacon act federal regulations require laborers mechanics work contractor federally financed construction contracts paid wages established project location prevailing wage compliance requirement created assure recipients contractors comply davis bacon act including construction contracts contractor clause requirement comply davis bacon act regulations clause include requirement contractor submit recipient weekly week contract work performed copy construction payroll accompanied statement compliance report commonly referred certified standard form pre designed eligibility main objective compliance requirement eligible individuals organizations participate federal assistance programs criterion determining eligibility vary program program objective eligible individuals organizations participate consistent federal programs forms basis compliance requirement comply objective recipients assure proper eligibility means recipient determine parameters limitations define eligibility specific program accordance program purpose federal programs contain eligibility requirements based laws agency regulations grant agreements etc recipients assure eligibility determination requirements example includes federal programs offer hiv aids treatment require participants victims diseases usually recipient responsibility determine determine eligibility establishing policy requires house doctor laboratory prospective participant accepting party doctors laboratories etc certain agencies included specific parameters recipient follow case states code federal regulations recipients certain housing programs obtain specific income documents prove participant eligibility payroll forms federal income tax return etc determining eligibility requirements participation program requires recipient assure individual program participant group eligibility correctly determined keeping evidence compliance maintaining documentation participant files copies hiv aids diagnosis copies federal income tax returns etc furthermore recipient assure eligible individuals groups participated program establishing strict controls program funds avoid non eligible persons receiving specific assistance equipment real property management section established recipient manage equipment real property federal program equipment management equipment means non property acquired federal assistance funds useful life year acquisition cost unit consistent recipient equipment policy lower cost limits established basically section requires common rule regulations equipment federal program bought appropriate federal programs additionally recipient equipment records perform physical equipment inventory years implement appropriate internal control system safeguard maintain equipment equipment current fair market value longer needed retained sold share provided federal government current fair market value based percent federal funds recipients fund buy item real property management title real property acquired recipients federal awards recipient originally authorized purpose long needed purpose real property federally sponsored projects programs purposes similar property bought long federal government dispose title real property prior federal government consent longer needed federally supported programs projects recipient request disposition instructions federal government like equipment property sold share provided federal government current fair market value based percent federal funds recipients fund acquire item matching level effort section covers compliance requirements concerning recipient performance require recipients provide level contributions federal program maintain specific levels performance achievement restrict federal funds specific purpose failure meet requirements result limitation future funds termination assistance specific requirements matching level effort unique federal program described laws regulations contract grant provisions program matching matching referred cost sharing requirement recipient provide contributions donations usually non federal specified percentage supplement federal assistance received words recipient federal program receives federal assistance operating budget prepared federal government require recipient provide contributions cover portion program operations matching requirement based assertion total program expenses federal government provides assistance expenses recipient cover portion proportion solely decided federal government usually recipient decides contribution provided expenses long contribution generally originate federal program considered operating budget expenses necessary reasonable allowed cost principles section federal program matching form contributing recipient funds money suffrage program costs paying program utility bills paying program personnel payroll etc cases form kind contributions donations non monetary objects services materials property etc examples matching include head start program requires recipients provide total annual expenses monetary kind contributions recipients funds contribute money cover teacher payroll contribute building house program classrooms federal government requires kind contributions properly valued evidenced estimating value building sure meets program budget certain programs specifically require matching contributing money level effort level effort defines particular goals objectives recipient achieve assistance received includes recipient requirements specified level service specified level expenditures designated activities federal funds supplement non federal services examples programs establish recipient provide medical services patients daily programs require recipients spend annual budget capital projects requirement limit percentage program assistance minimum maximum specified activities examples include limits imposed federal government federal funds cover administrative expenses percentage requirement total program funds provided specified relation types participants covered limit participants recipient provide assistance period availability federal funds section establishes fact recipients receive federal awards lifespan individual federal grants awarded specified time period usually year federal regulations prohibit use funds grant award outside specified time frame authorized federal agency verify recipient grant time example surplus federal award starts january ends december december lifespan terminated surplus returned federal agency authorized suspension section covers compliance laws regulations obtaining good services supplier provider requirement established ensure goods services obtained effective manner compliance laws regulations including prohibition conflicts interest fair selection vendors provide open free competition vendors etc suspension requirement establishes certain non federal entities prohibited participating receiving federal assistance reasons including prior funds previous non compliance laws regulations prohibition temporary suspension indefinite specifically allowed government performing purchase recipient verify supplier provider respective owners management etc suspended excluded federal government checking excluded parties list system maintained contacting federal agency program income program income directly generated federally funded program type income includes limited income fees services performed use rental property acquired program funds sale items fabricated program payments principal interest loans recipient program funds generally include interest program funds covered cash management cover credits covered costs cost principles proceeds sale equipment real property covered equipment real property management uses treatment program income federal agency current program budget program income original budget added current program budget meet matching requirements real property acquisition relocation assistance section covers compliance act provides uniform treatment persons displaced federal programs homes businesses farms including assuring compensation assisting relocation example construction highway federal program requires homes providing fair compensation property providing assistance relocation expenses incurred affected person compliance supplement suggests property acquired qualified independent examined review assure acceptance review recommended approved value property compensation owner reporting section establishes recipients submit reports financial performance related special nature federal government monitor federal assistance activities uses common reports pre designed federal agency approved freely available recipients general public time submitting vary depending report furthermore reporting requirements reports submitted timing submission information reports etc vary recipient recipient federal government established reports apply recipients common universal reports include approval commonly known report status funds received expended reserved unused etc known request advance request advance payments non construction programs commonly known status federal cash report provides federal cash received recipient partially prepared based data reported recipients federal agencies completed certified recipient monitoring compliance requirement establishes non federal recipient federal assistance passes assistance total recipient known pass entities respectively responsible monitor federal assistance activities assure laws regulations requirement based fact equally responsible federal funds received monitoring consist site visits regular contact interviews meetings examinations requiring subject annual single special tests provisions certain programs unique compliance requirements established laws regulations contract grant agreements fit requirements listed sections covers requirements review program contract grant agreements referenced laws regulations identify unique compliance requirements develop objectives procedures section cost principles educational institutions united states office management budget circular cost principles state local grants agreements institutions higher education hospitals non profit organizations united states office management budget circular cost principles non profit organizations local governments circular compliance supplement retrieved compliance requirements supplement retrieved agency program requirements supplement retrieved	Compliance requirements	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
27877_ElectoraldistrictofPerth	electoral district perth electoral district perth electorate state western_australia perth named capital city western_australia central business district falls borders oldest western_australia member having elected inaugural elections historically safe seat won election geography perth bounded south southeast thomas street west green street north street northeast boundaries include suburbs perth southwest street major features inside electorate include perth central business district redevelopment historically boundaries included smaller area covered central business district section newcastle added recreated parts abolished districts perth electorate included kings park northern boundary extended railway station added east street extended northern boundary include southern parts extended street saw extend seat came effect election removed parts northeast street including kings park previously demographics alter electorate area demographic profile conducted boundaries prior main source information electorate current profile census median age electorate residents years compared metropolitan perth electorate population compared age group significantly greater residents born australia compared perth remainder northwestern europe home significantly electorate residents spoke italian greek home whilst religions catholicism religion differed little parts perth buddhism eastern orthodox adherents outnumbered married compared perth whilst homes compared fully owned purchased median income electorate compared electorate workers professionals managers compared median income median age years removed whilst slightly larger population median income median age higher percentage professionals managers electorate average added collect data sexuality electorate home significant portion perth gay community perth main gay venues events located electorate history electoral district perth created initial single member districts perth area member elected december doctor training elected mayor perth previous year resigned december replaced resulting election january embroiled controversy provision state aid private schools fellow catholic supported father established assistance issue major election voting public lost seats losing prominent led cause state aid opposition leader premier stepped role year later july contest election won supporter election able form minority government member canning won seat months government failed governor eventually invited form government appoint member ministry appointed wilson minister mines commissioner railways november members parliament appointed ministers required resign seat ministerial election normally fairly non matter allies contested elections organised campaigning ministers including wilson defeated seat won time lawyer helped draft industrial arbitration act administration defeated new minister portfolio new wilson government resigned june appointed role agent general western australia won subsequent election july election months later leaving england detective things oversaw gaming racing elected place controversy erupted establishment member appointed profitable newspaper competitions including sunday_times prohibited disguised forms gambling response citizens reform league formed defend elections later year lost seats perth won labor senator hold seat abolition election following years retirement campaigns placed public notice october stating parliament date instrument achieving peoples seeking names addresses wishing work ran election nationalist seat established election different boundaries neighbouring seats having abolished won labor previous member defeated election turn defeated brother went serve premier went hold seat years faced high profile liberal opponents including future legislative historian author olympic swimmer resigned labor city perth councillor town party left faction won subsequent election spent parliamentary time issues environment project march resigned labor party citing frequent party basic principles platforms sat independent election alexander stand election labor radio talk host won seat party preferred vote liberals october announced departure election personal reasons threw support town vincent mayor member centre faction support left faction centre members parliament key centre unions backed ministerial adviser post labor action policy candidates seats meant failing pick female candidate risk sitting male mps week later centre faction openly split group endorsing november withdrew contest leaving unopposed ahead election maintained seat labor election openly gay man sit western australian parliament march liberal candidate city perth councillor defeated labor upset victory significant swing liberal member perth 1960s members perth results	Electoral district of Perth	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
28461_Peterborough(UKParliamentconstituency)	constituency borough constituency represented sharing smaller constituency represented great_britain member parliament past post system election serving member conservative defeated labour elected increased majority held seat reduced majority boundaries administrative county hill parts municipal borough municipal borough east north park west city east west present east eye west formed parliamentary borough returning members rest parliamentary county area south historic county considered parish baptist encompassed boundary far known excluded villages newark great reform act affect borough rural portion included northern division transferred parliamentary borough abolished replaced new division parliamentary county including neighbouring parts administrative county extending county constituency revisions boundaries constituency adjusted correspond remained county constituency following review parliamentary representation minor alterations existing deal population changes electoral create modified constituency fought general election east eye west changes increased electorate date february electoral england voters constituency form constituency created parts serving member conservative succeeded sir secretary chairman previously served member parliament created baron county eye previously included prior isle constituency franchise house_of_commons candidate county seat man rent property valued land tax pounds year women vote stand election known franchise borough seats varied enormously originally dean chapter claimed franchise held residents city suffrage restricted paying lot form municipal taxation registered voters cent population general introduction secret ballot ballot act votes cast spoken declaration public erected cathedral square great reform act owned leased land worth second reform act extended paying rent effectively skilled working class percentage voters risen population reform act extended provisions previous act counties fourth reform act widened suffrage practically property qualifications men women met minimum property qualifications system known universal suffrage general election electoral equality wouldn occur fifth reform act years later according census population count constituency persons comprising males females aged economically active including retired students total households owner occupied fewer regional national averages turnout general election eligible vote regional national figures members parliament sent members parliament time civil war relatives clergy years restoration nominee sitting member making whig stronghold representation reduced member seats act formal merger liberal conservatives absorption rural predominantly conservative growth account labour victory formation conservative seats country election followed ranked conservatives vulnerable seats ones parties change government labour target list closest poll history sir held seat votes seven recounts conservative member lost october election year labour having held votes recounts election months earlier lost seat created baron county served member greater manchester south 6th exeter winner summer olympics member years chairman organising committee summer olympics conservative member lord succeeded socialist writer illustrator born city elected leadership recent labour née won seat defeated general election following widely reported clark planning defect announcement popular locally early june emerged left labour_party fact joined conservatives intend earliest sir member subsequently chancellor later nineteenth century whig member death chief secretary lord lieutenant ireland later 2nd melbourne whig member home secretary prime minister sir later 1st baron whig member attorney general england wales parliamentary borough mps mps originated court country parties emerged aftermath civil war accurate describe loose tendencies regarded conservative modern terms modern party politics begin great_britain mps evolved evolved opposition irish home rule liberal ceded liberals conservatives labour_party later founded parliamentary borough abolished representation people act transferred division new parliamentary county division county constituency mps borough constituency borough constituency effect february general election successors historic parliamentary spending limits election campaigns slightly lower county mps election results elections 2010s elections 2000s elections 1990s elections 1980s elections 1970s elections 1960s elections 1950s elections 1940s general election required place end political parties making preparations election place end year following candidates selected conservative lord elections 1930s elections 1920s elections 1910s denotes candidate endorsed	Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)	Social sciences and society	Politics and government	Political districts, direction and governance
1933_SpaceScienceFictionMagazine	space science fiction magazine science fiction magazine published package radio shows related genre magazines issues appeared published short stories known writers including successful magazine ceased publication late publication history data science fiction staple genres american pulp magazine publishing beginning brief boom late 1930s cut short world war field expanded late 1940s boom reached height science fiction magazines published issue year prominent magazines galaxy science fiction successful association radio shows minus sparked package radio shows magazines shows american agent spy drama frightened narrated magazine package included spy magazine horror magazine tie radio shows additional titles private investigator issue published problems radio schedules delayed launch magazines issue dated spring indicated published inc new_york edited credited second issue dated august proved final issue shortly went business earlier year major distributor led extinction magazines scramble find new distributors known victims issues digest sized pages priced cents issues numbered single volume issues contents obtained stories moderately known science fiction names issues including stories barrel scott meredith literary agency words historian rejected active science fiction markets published critical mass popular white hart stories appeared edition british magazine clarke revised publication overall words carried stories noted writers read like rejects better magazines lasting value comments best story devil spins atmospheric poorly plotted protagonist human mars finds fabulous city ancient trap destroys eyes story illustrated artist issues covers editorials review columns contents fiction advertisements radio shows including american agent frightened	Space Science Fiction Magazine	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
2796_TheCatsofUlthar	cats cats short story written american fantasy author june tale unnamed narrator relates story law forbidding killing cats came town called narrative goes city home old couple enjoy capturing killing townspeople cats passes city orphan traveling band disappears hearing couple violent acts cats prayer leaving town causes local cat killers house witnessing result local politicians pass law forbidding killing cats influenced lord tale personal favorite remained popular death considered best short stories early period aspects cats referenced author works gods dream quest unknown published literary journal november resides public domain synopsis unnamed narrator pet cat begins law town killing cats relates story law came tale begins introduction old wife delight trapping violently killing cats venture property people town afraid couple speak acts instead focus efforts keeping approaching house night travelers distant land arrives passes village bring orphan named having lost family plague small black company unable find day stay hears stories old wife decides action spends time prior prayer affects shapes movements clouds sky leaves night shortly townspeople notice cats gone missing townspeople suspect old couple son witnesses property morning cats returned owners fed wife vanished townspeople explore abandoned house discovered skeletons picked clean local reviewing evidence stories townspeople decide pass law killing cats background outlined plot friend wrote cats june months completing previous tale terrible old man conceived author early period influenced writing anglo irish writer lord attempted mimic style literary aspects vengeance motif tone influence evident surface text similar ones portrayed cats appear earlier tale idle days character shares semi mythical founder ancient city memphis egypt ancient cats crime kill export prior cats penned tales style lord including white ship street doom came terrible old man tree tale considered scholar best significant cats published literary journal november later appeared february privately reprinted copy run december reception legacy cats personal favorite ardent cat lover number contemporary critics consider story best tales critics noted story famous tales fits weird fantasy style literary critic comments cats resembles mood execution obvious parallels story refers prose restrained notes unlike preferred dogs unlikely written enthusiastic tribute scholar claiming tale owes fantasies character son witnesses cats antagonists cottage later appear gods short story written august published november adult apprentice travels seek tale eponymous deities mentions law killing cats connection appears priest long written published protagonist visits city years events cats town heavily populated carter later able summon cats aid cats scholar calls original way work rats walls later tales cats attraction horror unlike human protagonists pursuing horror point horrible text cats like works fallen public domain accessed compilations author work internet	The Cats of Ulthar	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
7318_LangitMakinMendung	sky increasingly cloudy controversial indonesian short story published magazine pen august tells story muhammad descending earth angel investigate decreasing number muslims entering heaven find muslims indonesia begun drinking alcohol war muslims going islam government policy administration combined nationalism religion communism unable stop rampant muhammad watch political maneuvering crime famine form eagles publication drew heavy criticism depictions muhammad banned north sumatra magazine offices attacked despite published writer publisher head editor tried later sentenced year suspended sentence critical views story vary story compared depiction man spiritual quest spiritual companion criticized depicting muhammad negative light legal case subject debate sides arguing freedom expression scope imagination background indonesia world largest majority muslim country large influence development indonesia national revolution modern times justify promote political positions dutch colonial government role religious leaders attempt prevent influence lead resistance modern rulers maintain status quo pushing change use islam means justice political ends led general early 1960s president declared new state ideology stood dan nationalism religion communism complement existing policy declaration viewed proof increasing indonesia power led conflict military midst escalating confrontation malaysia demoted general commander army promoted spread rumours cia sponsored board generals plotting government document proof eventually coup september thought sponsored killed generals leading massacre suspected communists fall government years plot muhammad islam bored living heaven weary singing praises request permission return earth disappointed request calls muhammad explain wishes return granted things muhammad replies wishes conduct research discover muslims coming heaven removing glasses responds people poisoned policy grants muhammad permission investigate fanfare muhammad departs airport riding winged horse accompanies way encounter soviet spacecraft hearing muhammad approaches investigate crash spacecraft killing muhammad able catch cloud later pass describes place earth angered statement million indonesia million muslims true believers fact birthplace muhammad declares islam die waits cloud epidemic flu underway fall ill president writes chairman request doctors sends doctors poison aid september movement government slow acting poison causes faint ministers large party events including consumption pork frog sex outside marriage muhammad having transformed eagles observe prostitution adultery theft drinking muhammad shocked theft continue calling help stone cut hands thieves replies stones swords replaced guns bought soviets americans worship dollars later minister referred attempting use document overthrow muhammad gives indonesia planning install television eventually recovers poison told told chinese agreement supply nuclear weapons indonesia confrontation malaysia uses document spread rumours distrust populace commander military chinese ambassador sent home writing influences written pen head editor said born muslim family educated catholic junior school prior sent naval academy noted catholic education literature god angels influenced writing style influence shadow stories traditionally hierarchy anthropomorphic deities notes influences culture guided democracy era evidenced terms like social commentary strong condemnation prostitution indonesia later wrote magazine goal writing short story expose corruption government focusing religious leaders agreed politically turned party hunted members killed admitted influences proposed writing thought catholic heaven similar god similar depictions muhammad transforming eagles influenced images christ lamb god originally meant serial received second instalment time controversy began style described written crude offensive expressions argues style direct times indicates sense irony humor release reception published literary magazine headed august pen instantly controversial indonesian muslims considering insult islam points contention anthropomorphic respectful treatment muhammad islamic figures banned north sumatra october groups young muslims attacked headquarters threats prosecution editor issued public apology despite magazine banned october followed suit statement submitted april february office filed charges charging unwilling true trial argued story product author imagination considered insult islam cited physical descriptions literature writer christian influences witness prosecution noted writer testified depiction wearing glasses implied imperfect opposed cited based man love later stated able hatred muhammad like sentenced year suspended sentence literary writes result author imagination history ethics objective reality work world result muhammad religious figures fictional characters representative counterparts argues written insult social criticism perceived mistakes corruption period draws parallels focusing journey person guide objections raised readers identifying imagination religion critic wrote judged based intentions interpreted islam saw compatible noted muslims criticized story act ways permitted islam drinking committing targets include leadership corruption like notes numerous instances views attempt draw muslims closer argues monumental critique good description early 1960s written regime like prince time released lost impact notes cases compatible islamic views gold seen contradiction islam opposing view offered indonesian literary critic based actual events including muhammad night journey rejects view controversy arose misunderstanding story writing indonesian muslims reacted accept works denying existence comparing notes inconsistent defense calling representations muhammad author imagination citing influences legal studies pertaining legal aspects case opinion prosecution office legal basis acting judge literary critic case laws prosecution government parliamentary level banning criticized having legal basis laws pertaining banning print media time applied foreign publications applicable banning magazine require approval need freedom speech mentioned view prosecution actions justified pointing obscurity press laws intent publish indicated story prominent placement magazine response arguments banning violation right freedom speech argues public prosecutors right exercised protests legal action poet notes protests prosecution actions motion ban respected publication indicate supported	Langit Makin Mendung	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
8334_TheWifeofHisYouth	wife youth wife youth short story american author published july later served title story collection wife youth stories book published year published short story collection woman wife youth features mobile light skinned man respected member city preparing marry light skinned woman darker woman comes seeking husband seen years story met positively publication work story read analysis race relations black white black community exploring color class main character dreams white ultimately accept black history african americans united_states ending story called ambiguous leaves questions unanswered plot wife youth follows racial man born free civil war heads social organization colored people northern town membership consists people high proportion european ancestry look white black organization stemmed joke white member veins seen skin sought town women begins light mixed race woman washington named plans propose ball giving speech talk meets older plain looking black woman searching husband seen years says married sam civil war enslaved hired apprentice family master despite taylor free black family tried sell slavery assisted sam escaping promised return free sold different master says taylor died remarried saying husband remained faithful refuses stop looking advises slave marriages count war marriages officially legal shows old picture sam leaves ball addresses members tells story conclusion asks attendees think man acknowledge wife urges yes brings says ladies gentlemen woman man story told permit introduce wife youth publication response wife youth published july issue reference author racial background african american majority white ancestry reviews positive read friends newspaper reviews wrote editor taking slight glimpse means imagine successful author later review influential critic particularly praised wife youth impressed main character offered christ like sacrifice african american 20th century wife youth short story published august issue atlantic nationally distributed story published marking beginning year association magazine contacted successor publishing book tales revealed african american heritage advised trying book time suggested wait earned broader reputation seven years later endorsed page taken role editor atlantic support mifflin published included passing turned slave narratives year published collection dialect local color stories year novel house published company advised editor intentions wife youth stories color line book written distinct hope influence directing attention certain aspects race question familiar unfortunate glad view emphasized opinion book strong stand sermon labeled sermon good hearing years later corresponded included character novel heaven reads wife youth accompanying stories character realizes write book lifted wife youth place table opened pages time admired cool style sense form mind man surveyed problems race height turned living artistic drama escaped attention life worker southern plantation near whites north surveyed entire field setting saw thought felt analysis wife youth explore relationship whites instead story concerned race consciousness mixed race north south scholar notes story like including matter principle unprecedented broke ice american fiction manners like dreams white writes absorption white race reading dream fair women alfred lord wife appears story white readers considered realistic portrayal mixed race americans revealed insider paul shown whites lyrical blacks wrote known world comical negro terrible tragic negro white observer outside black character lyrical moods known inside witness remained regions paler shades relation whites negro ultimately challenging idea races story serves changing relationship mixed race blacks differences expressed language characters reflects differing education class levels speaks high rhetoric white english reads uses thick black dialect difference emphasized writing address book story switching soft dialect suggests story questions legality marriage decision choosing accept old plantation past writes moral obligation romantic desire considers story social satire concerned class based skin color promotes advancement lighter skinned people educated war wife revealed dark skinned cook sic notes ambiguity certainly writes drawing room image beginning story like plantation worker described taylor questions reader certain right decision uncomfortable tension attempt abandon past racial definitions order future story traditionally read having happy ending emphasizes final lines response husband forgotten notes significance referring simply wife wife youth acknowledges	The Wife of His Youth	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
9534_TheAdventuresofSherlockHolmes	collection short stories featuring fictional detective published october individual stories june july stories chronological order characters common holmes watson stories related person narrative watson point view general stories identify try correct social holmes portrayed offering new sense justice stories received boosted figures prompting able demand money set stories story scandal includes character despite featured story prominent character modern adaptations generally love interest holmes included stories collection favourite stories picking adventure band overall favourite context began writing studying medicine university late 1870s short story mystery valley published september years later study scarlet holmes story published novel received paid little despite sequel novel sign published shifted focus short stories early editor received submissions newly established magazine later described reaction realised greatest short story writer scandal published near july stories proved popular helping boost circulation magazine received short story initial run stories published monthly july june collected published book october publisher initial print run book copies united_kingdom copies united_states published following day stories summary stories told person narrative point view watson case holmes stories entry suggests short stories contained tend point social king betrayal opera singer stepfather deception ward fictitious lover aristocratic exploitation failing extensive estate kent suggests contrast holmes portrayed offering fresh fair approach world official incompetence aristocratic privilege contains favourite stories submitted list believed best stories listed adventure band favourite second scandal fifth orange seventh book banned soviet_union alleged book gained popularity black market similarly banned books restriction lifted publication sequence critical reception received following publication scandal july described story worthy inventive genius year later took break publishing short stories completion piece reviewed story author saying read moderate interest year ago unique power writing evident gulf quality stories leeds mercury particularly praised characterisation holmes little contrast described holmes bore noting descriptions grows correspondent lamented fact thoughtful writing clarke popular holmes stories concluding author wishes literature pay write readers want adaptations adapted numerous times films plays character played different actors films number film television series borne title adventures holmes original stories combinations number stories case adaptation sign short story scandal prominent modern adaptations despite appearing story modern adaptations portrayed love interest holmes elementary bbc story narration claims felt emotion akin love stories collection included episodes television series ran	The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
10111_TheColourOutofSpace	colour space colour space short story written american horror author march tale unnamed narrator pieces story area known locals heath wild hills west massachusetts narrator discovers years ago crashed poisoning living nearby vegetation grows large foul animals driven mad deformed shapes people insane die began writing colour space immediately finishing previous short novel case charles ward midst final revision horror fiction essay supernatural horror literature seeking create truly alien life form drew inspiration numerous fiction sources appearing september edition science fiction magazine colour space popular works remained personal favorite short story adapted feature film versions synopsis unnamed surveyor boston telling story person perspective attempts uncover secrets place referred locals heath unable garner information townspeople protagonist seeks old allegedly crazy man relates personal experiences farmer live cursed property pierce claims troubles began crashed lands june begins local scientists origins stone leaves colour referred analogy fall outside range known visible spectrum remains eventually disappear following season crops come large discovers despite appearance convinced poisoned soil following year problem spreads surrounding vegetation local animals altering unusual ways plant life farmhouse slightly dark wife eventually goes mad forcing lock attic time begins family rest town pierce slowly contact outside world soon wife mad vegetation begins grey powder water sons goes insane like mother similarly locked different room attic livestock begins turning grey dying like crops meat eventually dies sons goes missing excursion retrieve water weeks silence pierce visits witnesses tale eponymous horror time attic final son disappeared colour infected wife pierce puts misery flees decaying house horror destroys surviving resident pierce returns shortly men including doctor begin examining remains discover skeletons remnants creatures reflect discoveries house light begins eventually transforms colour begins pouring spreading nearby men flee house horror land shoots sky pierce turns colour gone witnesses small try follow rest fail return knowledge alien resides earth sufficient alter mental state men return following day remaining dead horse acres grey dust surrounding area quickly abandoned remaining residents background began writing colour space march immediately completing case charles ward wrote tale final draft horror fiction essay supernatural horror literature author claimed inspiration newly constructed rhode_island scholar believes planned massachusetts influenced american writer pulp fiction murray cites paranormal investigator lightning drawing rocks fallen sky describes book damned possible inspirations behavior dismayed human depiction aliens works fiction goal colour create entity truly alien drew inspiration number sources describing colors outside visible spectrum notably points modern science book mentions extremely limited senses humans waves striking eyes majority perceived concept previously short story completed end march colour space appeared science fiction magazine september story illustrated artist produced occasional artwork magazine reception legacy colour space work brien anthology appearing roll honor paid approximately present day terms late leading refer publisher hugo rat submitted publication write major short story following year crafted horror pen history minor works account halloween night dream called old folk addition personal favourite short stories critics generally consider colour space best works trademark blending science fiction horror scholar referred tale finest short stories praises work best frightening particularly description story eponymous horror lauded work successful attempt create entirely outside human experience creature motive unknown impossible colour emotional moral conscious criticism little long text colour space like works fallen public domain accessed compilations author work internet strong influence seen tale novel color time published sequel original film adaptations film die monster die directed based colour space plays scientist named travels england visit played home parents discovers keeping space rock basement grow giant vegetation animals rock driven insane film climax transforms glowing monster scholar claims scenes derived work heath doesn live description asserts overall film capture intent play idea alien life form completely different humans imagine smith considers work imitation films attempt adapt tale adaptation curse directed closely follows plot work lands property local physician unable explain rock keeps contacting authorities want new arrival discourage establishing new reservoir area rock disappears glowing colour ground weeks farm crops bloom soon turn shortly local animals wife begin mad previously unknown element discovered property son cyrus insane begin come farm including children alice amy film conclusion saved representative house collapses scholar referred film faithful author original work claimed minutes film virtually ruin entire film film die directed adaptation set germany instead massachusetts shot mainly black white exception colour described best film adaptation	The Colour Out of Space	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
10978_FlyingAces(magazine)	flying aces magazine monthly american periodical short stories aviation number called flying pulp magazines popular 1920s 1930s like pulp magazines collection adventure stories originally printed coarse paper later moved slick format magazine launched october inc featured stories written illustrated known authors day set background world war later issues added non fiction aviation articles articles plans model prominent eventually magazine renamed flying models exclusively model airplane historical context period late 1920s 1930s considered pulp fiction peak popularity magazines published monthly reaching audience million readers successful titles selling million copies issue pulp fiction publishers employed unprecedented levels market titles exploring popular category including love stories western stories detective stories mystery stories publications highly specialized category having set magazines readers reader expectations period coincided golden days aviation highlighted feats solo flight atlantic extensive use combat world war pulp publishers sought capitalize public interest flying influenced stories world war flying aces particularly memoirs fighting book world war combat flying revived interest stories films release wings production hell angels epic mega budget movie featuring pilots dozens planes world war american air aces movie led numerous similar films aviation oriented pulp magazines followed nicknamed flying devoted world war air battles began publication time including titles aces battle aces war aces war birds wings content magazine genre air adventure stories set war background written known authors exception raf world war authors personal knowledge flying plot invariably centered hero military pilot trapped difficult situation utilizing exceptional flying skills stories featured love interest profanity attempts introduce elements rejected readership according tried hard introduce seductive secretary character series effort met numerous letters readers demanding rid broad series stories cover art featured dramatic air battle scenes painted notable commercial artists day brother august notable series recurring characters stories published long running series featuring developed characters appeared story created employee pilot plane plane incorporated modern design elements folding wings retractable landing gear wheels enabled plane land water run secret hangar land far residence new_york_city accompanied kick irish mechanic named features plane incorporated airplane models sold magazine stories published reprint series new stories created character world war pilot stationed bar france 9th pursuit squadron farm boy iowa fearless stunt performer disapproval squadron commander flight leader captain creator describes maybe worst pilot fly plane downed way like ace flew pilot rig plane rear gun shotgun operated wires cockpit series ran years later published collection stories captain created captain strange referred brain devil phantom ace captain strange american intelligence officer world war gifted mental powers stories ran years stories age aces stories created flying ace world war veteran blinded combat gained supernatural ability dark knight featured number adventure stories set 1930s stories written series lasted seven years stories reprint series new stories publication history magazine launched october inc initially published format pages issue sold cents copy november magazine moved called slick format format printed glossy paper began featuring sized plans model issue issue size reduced pages magazine published monthly basis addition adventure stories non fiction aviation articles aviation news added modeling articles magazine tagline fiction model building fact aviation magazines world war magazine subtitled magazine flying age content focused war effort little advertising late war changed briefly later years aviation modeling articles started appearing regularly dominant finally magazine renamed flying models later sold fiction content flying models ceased publication impact historical significance american pilots took world war grew 1930s enthusiastically reading flying adventure stories experience doubt played decision military pilot recalls book havoc year blue biography world war ace time commander noted accurate way stories predicted japanese attack pearl harbor locations air battles fan club addition magazine publishers created fan club readers members organized regional squadrons offered flying themed uniforms mimicking use club arranged meetings readers notable military commercial pilots american foreign squadrons originated magazine lived clubs modeling enthusiasts model airplane club dedicated free flight models takes magazine old clubs squadron connecticut named field honor fictional	Flying Aces (magazine)	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
11025_ForYourEyesOnly(shortstorycollection)	eyes short story collection eyes collection short stories british author featuring fictional agent commander james_bond published april marked change format previously written james_bond stories length novels collection contains short stories view kill eyes quantum rarity stories adaptations plots television series filmed fifth written previously published undertook minor experiments format including story written homage author greatly admired elements stories number james_bond film series including film eyes starring james_bond film elements characters short stories eyes view kill gave title characters plot elements fourteenth bond film view kill plot elements rarity sixteenth bond film licence kill fourth bond film references title quantum title second bond film plots view kill bond investigates murder motorcycle dispatch rider theft secret documents motorcycle riding assassin rider route shape located versailles base station france bond paris superior sends assist investigation way bond dispatch rider follows journey station previous rider expected assassin attempts kill bond bond ready kills assassin assassin hidden base operations eyes eyes begins murder british couple jamaica refused sell estate officer chief cuban secret service killed cuban direction leader major work turn close friends served groom best man wedding subsequently gives bond voluntary assignment unconnected sanctioned secret service duties travel vermont canada find rented estate assassinate warning future criminals think target british citizens bond arrives scene finds daughter intends carry mission revenge bow arrow kills shooting arrow yards away exact moment lake shoot occurs bond cuban gunmen bond kills returns canada wounded quantum completing mission bahamas bond nassau attends dinner party guests left bond remarks marries nice marry air governor tells bond story relationship civil servant air meeting aboard flight london couple married went live bermuda time began long open affair eldest son rich family result masters work deteriorated suffered nervous breakdown recovering given break bermuda governor sent assignment washington return masters determined end marriage divided home sections half refused wife private continued appear couple public eventually returned leaving unpaid debts stranded bermuda cruel act incapable carrying months earlier governor explains point bond quantum drops zero humanity consideration human gone relationship finished despite success masters plan revenge wife recovered emotionally time married rich canadian governor reveals dinner companions bond found dull fact rich canadian husband bond sent investigate drug smuggling operation based italy sending england instructs bond touch cia informant turn tells bond man named bond sets find information captured brought aboard ship informs bond actually charge drug smuggling operation backed russians agrees help bond providing information things long comes italy bond agrees help eliminate bond men sail santa maria men loading shipment drugs attack ship adjacent warehouse discover near warehouse preparing detonate bomb tries escape killed bond rarity bond assignment influential connected local contact meets american millionaire named challenges aid search rare fish rarity bond english wife elizabeth set aboard search fish journey bond learns verbally physically abuses especially wife use tail finds rarity kills fish pouring poison water finding killing rarity sets sail port way gets drunk insults bond tells wife beat tail later night bond hears investigating bond finds murdered apparently having rare fish stuffed throat murder investigation bond throws overboard scene crime making look fell overboard ropes holding broke bond suspects unsure responsible invites bond sail destination aboard accepts invitation reservations characters themes author notes stories quantum rarity experimental whilst remaining straightforward bond adventures experimental stories bond given human quantum bond reaction governor story showing sees real life dramatic recent mission forthcoming trip cia sees dull rarity bond shown humanitarian feelings plight liz hands husband use poison fish aspect bond relationship shown eyes bond taking decision shoulders happen murderers friends scene shows reader weight command path follow daughter friends tough character according parents death wounded allows bond usual role protector story academic identifies character example characters morals closer traditional villains act good support bond type include russia love live twice majesty secret service world war makes appearance stories eyes officer whilst officer colonel served british montgomery rarity german descent sees having fought british war justice revenge themes run stories eyes idea revenge looked number angles bond different interpretation bond approach killing eyes whilst morality killing theme rarity background summer cbs television commissioned write episodes television based james_bond character deal came success television adaptation casino episode cbs television series climax agreed deal began write outlines series cbs later dropped idea january february adapted television plots short stories estate jamaica added fifth story written summer biographer noted time writing television scripts short story collection mood self doubt beginning affect writing seen bond internal monologue thoughts view kill view kill initially intended backstory villain novel story taken place world war featured motorcycle assassin crashes bike taken american field hospital later hospital bombed leaving amnesia face story drawn television series shape head security colonel designed bond hair air bank manager desk silver framed photographs family single white rose description shows colour lack colour personality idea underground hideout inspired brother peter band auxiliary units dug tunnel networks britain resistance movement advance german invasion original story rough smooth original title books eyes chosen publication eyes story originally entitled man work set vermont spent number summers friend model villain story taken general baron hitler opponents considered calling story death leaves echo based story rough justice episode television series quantum quantum based story told neighbour lover real life police inspector turned civil servant thanks story bought watch wrote story style homage writer greatly admired story takes structure agent private conversation high ranking diplomat socially unequal romance short story quantum published magazine november wife ann venice peninsula great admirer work death venice based visited reason location backdrop love interest story girlfriend austria travelled 1930s borrowed surname ferrari engine designer rarity april flew bombay report sunday_times treasure hunt hunt exciting hoped details island rarity combined backdrop experience undergone visited islands jamaica watched scientists similar poison obtain samples villain story abusive american millionaire code greek sea captain ferried british soldiers agents german patrols received whilst beer drank rarity published playboy march release reception eyes published april hardcover edition publishers pages long cost shillings subtitle secret occasions life james_bond added publication copies printed quickly sold eyes published august subtitle changed secret exploits james_bond later editions dropped altogether artist provided cover art book march written cover undertaken saying new jacket big success think splendid job moving eyes said head trying think subject history totally brilliant artistic collaborator reviews writing guardian noting short story format thought better novels wrote story old wild positively flavour thought enjoy novels reason unable read writing guardian sister paper observer thought secret agent bit richardson liked format saying short form suits checks fantasies cuts short love affairs writing spectator pseudonym wrote episode bond novels meant adventure probable hero lost claims know know know sheer carry unlikely plots pounding taking poor bond writing listener opinion bond find form stories high standard believed commander years chronicler cut terms villains book notably saw capacity create villains critic times reflected mood eyes fact good deal sober weary critic thought short form worked bond girls short story allows walk parts wild writing thought licensed assassin pretty good form considered stories occasionally echoes bond writing thought eyes urban mighty smooth tale spinning writing new_york_times described biographer avid anti man described main issue work basic weakness summed words story short story form finds bond tales prose smooth bond simple lack intricate suspense adaptations comic strip short stories eyes adapted comic strips published british newspaper subsequently syndicated world stories adapted illustrated appeared newspaper april december comics published anthology fourth adaptation rarity appear years comic strip versions stories adapted illustrated adaptation reprinted volume james_bond collection eyes number details story film eyes released starring james_bond film shows murder hit man names film changes daughter eyes uses plot including characters view kill title story view kill bond film view kill story film date licence kill foundation incorporated film licence kill starring bond quantum quantum chosen title 22nd bond film story film plot starred bond film said film shares primary thematic element story relates fact don quantum relationship end movie bond doesn girlfriend killed film bond meet london safe house carries plate labelled reference rarity eyes proposed canadian film january original novels short stories entered public domain countries length copyright remains convention minimum life author plus years canadian filmmakers announced plans film adaptation eyes partly set canada completed film able released canada china countries copyright expired	For Your Eyes Only (short story collection)	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
12321_OctopussyandTheLivingDaylights	living living published fourteenth final james_bond book written bond series book collection short stories published posthumously united_kingdom june book originally contained stories living subsequent editions carrying firstly property lady new york stories published different publications october living appeared sunday_times february property lady published november publication whilst new_york appeared october original stories living adapted publication comic strip format elements stories films starring james_bond released thirteenth film series provided story film family property lady closely adapted auction sequence film living released fifteenth bond film produced starred appearance bond plots operative james_bond code assigned hero second world war implicated murder involving nazi gold bond appears briefly story told flashback point view major villain bond chooses custody immediately guilt drives commit suicide allowing fish sting pet blue octopus attack bringing fatal heart attack living unusually james_bond assigned sniper duty help british agent escape bond duty prevent assassin trigger killing eliminating sniper bond waits nights agent come man land notices female orchestra arriving leaving practice night beautiful blonde catches eye waits sees agent start making way broken ground sees russian sniper position realises split second decision sees bond deciding instead shoot butt rifle preventing making kill mission successful considered failure bond second decision ends bond hoping fires property lady bond investigates employee double agent paid russian keepers sphere crafted russians sent resident director london attend auction item push price necessary value pay services double agent bond attends auction hopes spotting man man expelled london persona non new_york brief tale bond new_york_city favourite recipe eggs quick mission titular city warn female employee new boyfriend agent notable including rare humorous conclusion mention young lady bond intimate acquaintance works shop appropriately employed characters themes author continuation bond stories noted living bond thoughts killing examined showing like considered duty complete assignment mission completed bond deliberately killing assassin attitude bond colleague complaints incident academic sees colleague captain bond echo colonel head security shape appeared view kill act killing assassin theme raised living bond calling murder subsequently dismissing actions saying luck cost number considered morality tale greed bringing repercussions years later main protagonist background morning august died heart attack months later man golden gun published rights works held decided company short stories living published story written early estate jamaica story told manner quantum bond catalyst story told flashback main character action topics chosen familiar ground cover hidden gold tropical fish wartime exploits coming elements past past acquaintance references story fictional version unit neighbours jamaica later lover mother island records previously collecting ship calling given called story posthumously newspaper october living originally titled living trigger finger appeared sunday times colour supplement february title berlin escape published june issue american magazine sunday_times commissioned undertake artwork accompany piece cost artwork wasn published edition background research story corresponded captain secretary information correct specialist areas knowledge required sniper shooting background plot noise orchestra cover crossing man land inspired escape prisoner war camp having run courtyard cover noise orchestra conductor orchestra played golf number occasions assassin trigger partly based half sister concert blonde hair managed passing reference story saying course managed look elegant girl somebody property lady property lady written early commissioned use annual journal published november later playboy chairman mentioned story unhappy final piece wrote wilson refused payment considered new_york commissioned sunday_times write series articles based world cities material later collected book entitled thrilling cities whilst travelling new_york material wrote new_york bond point view new_york originally titled reflections carey contains recipe eggs came friend gave bond story published october agent new_york subsequently renamed new_york editions release reception living published britain june cost edition book contained stories mentioned title editions published property lady included artist provided cover art fee rose book published illustrations new_york added book reviews wrote spectator surprised preferred write novels james_bond unlike fit short story length intercontinental adventures require elbow room examples form tend eccentric muted exception critic wrote book slight predictable usual sex violence yield plausible use marine biology writing listener thought fascinated things remind stuff anti novel necessarily spring thought aesthetic going note mastery world gives peculiar literary niche personal note added admired bond books sorry sad farewell adaptations comic strip adaptation short stories adapted publication comic strip format published daily newspaper syndicated worldwide living ran september november adapted illustrated pair worked ran november story lines strips altered original version ensure contained glamorous reason bond involved include bond action strips reprinted james_bond vol published loosely adapted elements stories property lady thirteenth film bond series starring bond provided title film background character daughter character bond allowed commit suicide face shame arrest imprisonment film plot device egg property lady story auction item described property lady living plot living unchanged section film film starred role bond whilst character trigger cello player casino plot novel casino 21st film main character named woman featured new_york quantum basic premise short story new_york film quantum bond warns female intelligence employee boyfriend enemy agent background character revealed father bond youth film stated killed felt loved bond son	Octopussy and The Living Daylights	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
13657_Skinner'sRoom	skinner room short story originally composed visionary san_francisco museum exhibition exploring future san_francisco features appearance gibson fiction bridge gibson revisited setting acclaimed bridge trilogy novels story bridge overrun skinner occupies atop altered version story published magazine subsequently skinner room nominated award best short story synopsis story takes place near future united_states decline having negatively affected event referred set decaying san_francisco san_francisco oakland bay bridge closed taken homeless wealthy city retreated access room mentioned title built bridge towers skinner lived bridge room long time accompanied girl interest history bridge town arrived months story reveals long ago bridge closed vehicle traffic years pressure find live forced homeless people seize bridge set town community arose vibrant watched world media town grew fashion built salvaged parts material apparently donated wealthy nations end story skinner dream remembers crowd seized bridge skinner bridge scaled towers publication history skinner room commissioned exhibition visionary san francisco shown june august gibson story inspired contribution exhibition architects designed urban environment transformation bridge envisioned san_francisco rich live high tech self sufficient self contained towers city bridge isolated city packaged installation surrounded scrap metal computer chips pages manga comic strips featured model towers gibson monitor discussing future reading skinner room slightly different version short story featured november issue version concerns unnamed girl old man named skinner live room built cable tower bridge version collected anthology year best science fiction ninth annual collection yesterday crash significance skinner room appearance bridge gibson fiction end novel virtual light gibson writes short story later developed novel character skinner main characters virtual light setting characters skinner room revisited sequels novel tomorrow parties collectively known bridge trilogy new_york_times hailed visionary san francisco exhibition ambitious admirable efforts address realm architecture cities museum country mounted decade despite claim collaboration appeal civic responsibility showing effects absence new_york_times judged reaction skinner room powerful sad little cynical work skinner room nominated award best short story	Skinner's Room	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
15684_TheGold-Bug	gold bug gold bug short story published plot follows gold colored bug servant fears going insane goes friend unnamed narrator agrees visit old friend pulls adventure secret message lead buried treasure story set sullivan island south_carolina compared tales early form detective fiction aware public interest secret writing asked readers challenge skills code breaker took advantage popularity writing gold bug success story centers characterization servant criticized racist modern perspective especially speech written dialect comical dialogue submitted gold bug entry writing contest sponsored story won grand prize published installments beginning june prize included probably largest single sum received works gold bug instant success popular widely read works lifetime helped secret writing plot summary relocated new_orleans sullivan island south_carolina losing family fortune brought african american servant story narrator friend visits evening unusual like bug found bug weight appearance convince pure gold lent officer stationed nearby fort draws sketch narrator markings resemble skull discuss bug particularly focused sketch carefully locks desk confused narrator takes leave night month later visits narrator asks come immediately fearing bug gone insane arrive island insists bug key restoring lost fortune leads expedition particular tree climb finds skull nailed end branch direction drops bug eye spot group begins dig finding climb tree drop bug skull eye choose different spot dig time finding skeletons chest filled gold coins jewelry estimate total value million figure proves actual worth eventually sell items explains day found bug mainland coastline picked scrap piece wrap kept scrap sketch bug narrator noticed traces invisible ink revealed heat fire burning proved contain set directions finding treasure buried infamous pirate captain final step involved dropping weight left eye skull tree dig failed mistakenly dropped right eye instead skeletons remains members crew buried chest killed silence story involves detailed description method solving simple letter frequencies message message message spaces good glass bishop devil seat degrees thirteen minutes northeast north main branch seventh limb east shoot left eye death head bee line tree shot feet determined bishop referred site ancient manor house found narrow roughly resembled chair devil seat sighting given bearing spotted white branches large tree proved skull weight dropped left eye order find treasure analysis gold bug includes uses simple secret writing probably inspired interest certainly popularized time people 19th century mysterious able break codes considered gifted nearly supernatural ability drawn attention novelty months philadelphia publication alexander asked readers submit solve little effort challenge brought wrote lively interest numerous readers journal letters poured editor parts country july published words secret writing realizing interest topic wrote gold bug pieces literature incorporate story character explanation ability solve like explanation words secret writing actual gold bug story real insect instead combined characteristics insects found area story takes place technically species beetle gold head slightly gold body black spots noted fictional bug found click beetle native sullivan island depiction african servant considered stereotypical racist modern perspective depicted lacking intelligence tell left right probably included character inspired similar character reviewed black characters fiction time period unusual choice speaking role critics scholars question accent authentic merely comic relief suggesting similar accents blacks charleston possibly inspired story included short list detective stories gold bug technically detective fiction evidence solution given character compared fictional detective use term describe method process seen deemed publication history reception originally sold gold bug asked heard writing contest sponsored philadelphia dollar newspaper incidentally return money graham instead offered reviews write won grand prize addition winning story published installments june june newspaper payment newspaper paid single work anticipating positive public response dollar newspaper took copyright gold bug prior publication story republished installments saturday philadelphia june july july appeared page included illustrations united_states newspapers gold bug widely read short story lifetime reported circulated copies probably paid helped increase popularity lecturer lecture philadelphia gold bug published drew large crowd hundreds turned away wrote letter great noise later compare public success gold bug raven admitted bird beat bug philadelphia called capital story wrote story characterised thrilling interest graphic power description best stories wrote printed review called story remarkable instance intellectual subtlety reasoning wrote october gold bug probably greater circulation american story ingenious story written comparable tell tale heart especially friend said gold bug golden age literary life popularity story brought controversy month publication accused prize committee philadelphia publication called gold bug abortion trash worth filed libel lawsuit editor later dropped apologized suggesting earn prize editor accused stealing idea gold bug story written named miss gold bug republished story collection tales june followed black cat stories success collection inspired french translation gold bug published november revue title literal translation story foreign language french version message remained english translation supplied alongside solution story translated russian version years later marking literary debut country published translation tale volume influential introducing work europe translations definitive renditions continent influence gold bug inspired novel treasure hunting acknowledged influence broke gallery doubt skeleton novel conveyed played major role newspapers magazines time period america foremost initially interested reading gold bug child interest later use japan purple code world war gold bug includes use term opposed stationed fort november december utilized personal experience sullivan island setting gold bug heard stories pirates like captain residents sullivan island embrace connection named public library local legend charleston says poem inspired time south_carolina set balloon hoax box vicinity alludes stature gold bug buried treasure genre short story supply demand character learns main characters searching treasure asks reading title novel derived gold bug bach composition novel incorporates short story plot jewish russian author published house prose gold bug serving major influence includes beetle tied string finds treasure basement house love interest lived providence rhode_island adaptations story proved popular day stage version opened august production performed philadelphia editor philadelphia newspaper spirit times said performance dragged tedious frame work wanted filling film television adaptation work appeared favorite story february season episode directed written later adaptation work appeared february season episode version directed written spanish feature film adaptation work appeared title del written directed alias gold bug episode abc weekend special series starred won daytime emmy awards outstanding children anthology dramatic programming executive producer producer outstanding individual achievement children programming makeup hair designer outstanding individual achievement children programming cinematographer simplified version story included murders published post modern anti racist radio story transmitted written produced directed starred gold bug novel man story antagonists communicate writer gold bug produced cast audio drama journey producer marshal voice actors big	The Gold-Bug	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
16017_ThePaintedSkin	painted skin painted skin chinese pinyin short story chinese writer collected chinese studio literary critics recognised best best known entries particular detail depth characterisation lauded painted skin received numerous adaptations popular media especially film story original title common phrase chinese vocabulary synonym wears human face demonic set story revolves chinese scholar demon disguise beautiful young maiden develop romantic relationship goes discovers true identity priest skills task demon fight good evil plot referred surname chances homeless girl claims ill treated noting beauty feeling pity agrees let stay residence temporarily love study unbeknownst anybody days discovers affair unhappy arrangement fails changing mind marketplace priest informs possessed evil spirit dismisses returns home finds gates locked manages find way courtyard notices door window makes startling discovery girl actually green faced monster great teeth like saw wearing mask human skin attractive features painted returns priest begs help priest agrees concurrently wishes likewise offers charm meant ward demons goes home hangs charm outside bedroom effect demon instead turns enraged heart reports priest fury launches scale offensive demon find transformed elderly working brother place climax demon original form priest wooden sword demon remains dissipate smoke priest stores rolls demon painted skin stores away later priest tells visit marketplace wish revive husband treats continuously takes stride pleads help finally makes swallow makes leave left feeling deeply ashamed home funeral preparations gradually rises stomach throat ultimately heart places wound chest slowly life restored publication history story originally titled appeared anthology supernatural tales chinese studio translated english painted skin british included translation reappeared modifications subsequent edition published including published translations painted skin themes analysis men beauty clearly evil dismiss absurd clearly intended lady steel eat man husband fallen prey lust heaven way justice remain light surface painted skin story scholar encounter demon lady intended story viewed human desire negative consequences emphasised comment typical piece moral sexual belief retribution painted skin styles writing bringing ghost critical creative writing complexity prose parallels cultural ghost skin major plot device painted skin serving path separate worlds human animal natural supernatural reality versus perception overarching issue pretty female fact vicious demon moral courage supernatural powers priest unable revive magic love arguably effective extension decreases credibility religious institutions continuing subtle criticism religion present stories presents beautiful talented ghost inverted fashion portraying art represented demon utterly demonic man blind admiration lead dire downfall literary significance reception painted skin stays true early style showcasing chaotic relations human society world unlike majority tales peaceful groups significant words style earliest writers similar genres writings story positively received translator notes story widely read strange tales continues popular powerful theme sheer detail praised literary critics offering readers vivid characterisation stance lust dynasty critic offers commentary clearly man grip sexual bother bringing worthless husband dead writer provides review painted skin describing relying wife restore deep structure male dominated chinese culture widespread popularity usage term chinese according words painted skin synonym wears human face demonic rise communist china led chairman meaning took political different points time describe united_states ussr gang host political factions figures 21st century china political contexts generally means refers mask conjunction fake cell phones inspiration painted skin stories lady beast account fifth century anthology fictitious accounts titled garden strange concerns bachelor named gets acquainted tiger spirit passing beautiful woman blinded lust kidnapped tiger returns home days dynasty writer penned story native marries tiger spirit ultimately child scholar revolves household eventual discovery demon writing painted skin entries written inspired mentioned texts expended early authors efforts legacy adaptations painted skin adapted represented film television cartoons numerous occasions long list adaptations story enduring legacy particular written inspired generations filmmakers earliest film adaptations story rumoured 1970s film reportedly banned china short run box office overly intense horror scenes claimed audience members died existence proven king film faithful adaptation painted skin released film adaptations story include sequel resurrection television series based painted skin directed broadcast issued commemorative postage stamps birthplace collection depicting scene painted skin scenes entries stealing	The Painted Skin	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
17175_WomanHolleringCreekandOtherStories	woman creek stories woman creek stories book short stories published san_antonio based mexican american writer collection reflects experience surrounded american influences bound mexican heritage grew north mexico border tales focus social role women relationships men women lives majority characters stereotypes men women generally weak focuses feminine clichés passive virgin mother properly belonging mexico america protagonists search identity discover abuse shattered dreams apart focusing issues struggling females simultaneously develops readers sensitivity lives immigrants short average longest pages shortest fewer despite limited space experiments daring poetic prose storytelling example story presents new character distinct literary voice style writing earned title accomplished poet added credentials published books poetry wicked wicked ways background early bond ran family result separated homeland having live mexican americans chicago born family seven children singled daughter despite abundance sibling felt lonely child prompting begin creating stories vary daily routine years writing woman creek stories explore failed relationships female characters reactions men lives feminine focus stories reflect views relationships appear strong connection male figures life men utility woman turns required writing mexican american immigrant point view feminism contends stereotype gender class race creates stories explanations analyses arguments describe feminist views provisional personal emotional intuitive forms narrative example feminine focus found title story woman creek woman physically abused husband feels drawn nearby creek depressed sits water new baby contemplating woman driven crazy develops tale found slightly modified greek spanish cultures legend spanish woman ghost story found mexico texas myth beautiful young woman named maria falls love marries handsome rich boy union blessed sons daughter soon man loses affection wife maria knowing husband longer loves children river reaching heaven maria told enter found children sent earth children according legend child happens ghost pulled river drowned real woman creek body water interstate texas river mentions story protagonist woman creek rescued abusive husband strangers goes mad plot collection stories divided sections section focuses innocence characters childhood called like corn following section called holy night includes short stories highlighting troublesome adolescent years characters final section called man woman characters tumultuous adulthood stories collection pages length eyes longest story pages long late early man woman occupies single page second plot story book shares title like corn corresponding section short narrative unnamed narrator best friend texas girl like corn offers life north border girls presumably mexican descent home portrayed low income mexican american family mother busy children father rarely story focuses freedom girls authority watching example waving strangers jumping bites picking dresses book second segment holy night contains short narratives focusing adolescent females way self worth affected tension remaining loyal mexico integrating american lifestyle title story holy night introduces reader young teenage girl quest true love meets year old man named lies belonging ancient royalty return attempt kill youth desires alleged mexican roots disappointed reality having fallen love mexican american serial killer final section entitled man woman includes title story women creek eyes marry mexican thirteen stories contained portion book title story woman creek mexican woman named marries moving border texas hopes having happy marriage like characters watches marriage abusive leaves isolation depression increases interest legendary figure creek named runs house unlike woman chooses death means escape husband sense chooses life aid independent women able leave life abuse escape mexico protagonist story marry mexican experiences rejection white lover takes revenge man son lover role makes known time young man inevitably pay father eyes story looks life female protagonist offers reflection life context illegitimate relationship mexican revolutionary struggles constantly abandoned lover country describes efforts raise family despite hardships famine disease poverty end speaks assassination revealing failure revolution makes evident essentially lover failed protagonist left dreams longer exist characters book collection short stories contains different protagonists following selection book main characters qualities sections book youth adulthood impact use female childhood friend narrator like corn dark skinned texas girl eyes like knife slits family children exhausted mother absent father influences narrator desire share simple pleasures childhood bring self named protagonist holy night thirteen year old girl lives chicago uncle grandmother immigrated mexico employed uncle saturday young teen sells produce girl gives customers dangerous year old man time realises mass murderer remains unable reconcile fact love self named character story holy night nicknamed real means fat face born streets numerous brothers sisters mexican town called story grown year old serial killer young protagonist lie ancient line kings protagonist eyes mother raped murdered living illegitimate lifestyle mistress mexican revolutionary struggles defined different roles play relationship lover frustrated power male pushes lover mother children political sister shared fight freedom protagonist title story woman creek image traditional mexican woman allows father marriage man abusive husband hardships marriage empowered fight rights solidified meets independent wage earning women act new role models end help escape abusive lifestyle protagonist marry mexican life choices related historical figure indigenous woman befriended 16th century men different ethnicity doomed exist racial class cultural sense belonging ethnic homeland final revenge triumph memory women feel value husband character writes prayer note little collection letters book mexican americans patron saint mexico female letter provides contrast virgin illustrates difficulties living modern beliefs religion race gender constantly challenged attempts free caught modern day lifestyle mexican heritage begins woman order accept virgin acknowledging virgin sexuality knowledge indian heritage themes themes found book recurring roles society religion relationships hybrid nature american mexican short stories identities women appropriate result relationships connected roles society critic observes previous work woman creek female characters break assigned culture search new roles new kinds relationships portrays women challenge stereotypes break simply sake shocking establishment stereotypes prevent achieving identity example hoped better life leaving home mexico live united_states soap operas seen led believe life going fairy tale instead failing marriage child way sees life resembles aspects soap opera example found final section book entitled man woman illustrates women use bodies political instruments attempts fight male domination female protagonists marry mexican eyes use bodies attempts gain recognition acceptance husband lover face problems oppression issues end adversely shaping characters identities end illegitimate societal roles women influence quest female identity example eyes talks role plays lover wife married woman true came come magic come protagonists examined individuals connect people lives conflicting love failed relationships man woman mother daughter example critic notes story marry mexican portrays mother destructive emotional force condemning daughter repeating mother destructive powers unsuccessful relationship daughter mother affects ways women relate men mother left fault problematic situations daughter male companions example daughter remembers marry mexican said said father marry man incorporates religion pays tribute faith simple people express petitions gratitude especially apparent story little people petitions thank child born healthy experience growing cultures able combine stories develops major theme american mexican cultures draws life experience depicts situation mexican american woman typically caught cultures resides cultural topics stories range bilingual childhood struggles dark skinned woman recognize beauty land dolls blond beauty queens issues complex try resolve instead attempts find neutral ground characters try mexican heritage american lifestyle feeling country cases women experienced book recurring themes feminism uses power observation stories narrative overwhelmed themes feminism portrayed women establish identities develop independent confident sexuality learn love men wish establish mutually supportive relationships women displays abundance poetic prose uses audience suggests reader sees writer power great lyrical beauty critic said narrative techniques fiction demonstrate daring technical innovations especially bold experimentation literary voice development hybrid form poetry prose create dense evocative linguistic texture symbolism imagery technically aesthetically accomplished emphasizes creative ability combine prose poetry changes narrative mode according demands story example narrative point view continually changes person story little person additionally marry mexican characterized consistent use interior monologue style previous novel mastered writing point view moving meant experimenting voices accomplished woman creek uses complex variety voices points view moore campbell states voices work american mexican cultures stories spanish words phrases clearly loves life worlds writer grateful twice words pick ways looking world poet uses words precisely images stick reader mind people kissing instance writes looked bodies clothes reception honored awards result stories including best fiction quality paperback book club new voices award states book published stories received women cultures relate stories surveys woman condition condition precisely general women characters include girls disappointed religious women partners deeply cynical women enjoy men exception strong girls strong women comments characters saying writes humour love people knows critic stories words mosaic voices mexican americans joke love hate comment fame sexuality verbal photographs memorabilia growing hispanic new_york_times honoured stories noteworthy book year new_york_times reviewer wrote stories women struggling control lives traverse geographical historical emotional borders invite souls characters unforgettable kiss apart praise criticism stereotypes hispanic men women stories argues males abusive alcoholic women doll like comments publication woman creek despite growing number influence usa latin names exceptions like books published major houses translations latin american novels	Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
20343_TheHockeySweater	hockey hockey hockey original french short story canadian author translated english originally published title sur maple leaf ice adapted animated short called illustrated story based real experience carrier child quebec fan montreal hockey team star player carrier friends wear richard number mother orders new old worn mistakenly sent montreal bitter rival instead carrier faces persecution peers coach prevents playing carrier famous work considered iconic piece canadian literature story sold copies republished numerous nation passion hockey considered relationship tensions exist story popular entire nation line story appears canadian dollar bills printed background aftermath quebec quiet revolution tensions province escalated provincial movement led governing separate canada reached peak late 1970s seeking explain quebec independence movement toronto affiliate asked debut novel yes sir popular french english canadians explain quebec want carrier spent weeks trying answer question ultimately producing described flat essay dull editorial newspaper days deadline carrier informed able complete project told network booked studio time promoting appearance remained unwilling present essay carrier asked write wanted fill time considering write carrier thought childhood stated interview began thinking felt remember legs stood taller mom stick hands stronger brother felt little started write turned story summary hockey based real experience carrier home town quebec story centres obsession friends organization star player writes emulated richard style mannerisms ice throwing players wearing uniform burning enthusiasm wore famous number backs old having worn carrier mother seeks replace writes letter french order new english catalogue package arrives young carrier horrified discover rival sent mistake argues mother refuses return fear english speaking fan toronto carrier wears peers blue coach removes usual forward position holding reserve defence period played team struck stick believing chance finally come carrier jumps ice given immediate penalty parish priest acting referee priest claims carrier illegal players ice carrier mad stick ice frustration priest wearing new unlike doesn mean going laws priest sends carrier church pray forgiveness carrier instead asks god send million eat publication carrier wrote story french appeared title sur maple leaf ice collection works called children man moon appeared english translation year english collection carrier work called hockey stories republished numerous canadian hockey literature year publication adapted story minute animated short film called animated voiced carrier film popular works won numerous awards named approached founder create illustrated children book story published sold copies following success book asked carrier write stories childhood illustrated covering different sport different season published longest home run basketball player themes passion carrier friends game hockey particularly dominant theme story introducing film video anthology american critic noted hockey obsession country wide dominates lives particularly children argued best animated works combined humour cultural significance particular emphasis children fascination montreal star player richard prolific goal scorer season year events richard player history score goals game season richard attended premiere montreal according carrier moved tears film richard requested copies children curator noted opening exhibit dedicated richard long idol quebec carrier story expanded richard reputation english canada sealed place pan canadian hero professor english argued irony book canadian stated viewed richard hero people athletic freedom fighter rest canada conflicts carrier experienced hockey viewed relationship tensions french english canada rivalry carrier stated political motivations wished tell good little story cultural impact hockey achieved iconic place canadian literature defining work carrier career lamented fact overshadowed works carrier popularity given day life nice happens story illustration place hockey holds canadian placed line story reverse series dollar bill making carrier author quoted canadian line appearing french english les des sur winters childhood long long seasons lived places school church skating real life skating accompanied scenes children playing outdoors winter centred montreal number illustrated book hockey children books included official canadian gifts presented family official visit year old son william canadian astronaut personal tradition brought copy story space travelled later presented copy carrier story said represents canadian literacy represents support reading wanted thank carrier story set music composer piece commissioned	The Hockey Sweater	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
25218_TwilightZone:19OriginalStoriesonthe50thAnniversary	twilight zone original stories 50th anniversary twilight zone original stories 50th anniversary collection short stories written authors edited widow series creator story written themes styles similar episodes including narrated introductions conclusions story authors contributed story include veteran previously unpublished story reviewers listed better stories haunted house background anthology short stories published mark anniversary television debut twilight zone death husband twilight zone creator acting consultant series fiction theatrical film contributed edited books including journeys adventures return twilight zone stories non fiction book twilight zone 50th anniversary tribute authors write stories 50th anniversary book worked 1980s twilight zone series wrote episodes original series older brother advertised contributors stories book synopsis format book begins introduction editor ends brief biographies authors self contained short stories includes introduction conclusion tone style narration beginning end episode ain cool news categorized short stories following basic types twilight zone episode formats social revenge fantasies art miniature family man good neighbor use characters eventually suffer ironic twist stories paranoid characters trying convince wrong street forgot time stories war theme genesis ghost writer soldier needed stories centered road truth consequences publication reception book published hardcover paperback september help promotion second video trailer produced compared twilight zone 50th anniversary tribute reviewed writer piece little genius enduring appeal famous creation anthology called far superior homage column hand listed genesis best story anthology good called stories real review listed armstrong haunted house ants best stories review listed road douglas truth consequences ghost writer satisfying stories review concluded book largely faithful format anthology primarily interest hardcore fans wrote positive review saying superior ensures miss entertainment speculative fiction fans nostalgic original impressed authors reviewer wrote slate authors perennial popularity libraries copy reviewer lists anthology best stories torn away avenue armstrong haunted house noted like typical twilight zone story williams ants belonged universe twilight zone ain cool news identified road best entry collection wrote anthology uneven stories disappointing remember mining territory long settled ultimately worth money spent	Twilight Zone: 19 Original Stories on the 50th Anniversary	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
25334_TheLadiesofGraceAdieuandOtherStories	ladies grace stories published october collection short stories illustrated stories sophisticated fairy tales focus power women set alternate history clarke debut novel magic returned england stories written 19th century styles tone satirical volume generally received critics compared contents themes collection presented work different writers contains introduction fairy tales seven previously volume focus female mastery dark arts reflected ladies magical abilities prominent role plays saving duke wellington mary queen scots collection sly frequently comical feminist revision tone stories similar clear narrator voice introduction professor director written style introduction collection fictional professor speculates sources stories clarke begins describing modest aims throw sort light development magic british isles different periods second introduce reader ways world words create sort ladies grace clarke published story working enrolled writing course taught required student submit completed short story course began clarke ladies grace novel greenland impressed story clarke knowledge sent excerpt friend fantasy writer later said terrifying point view read short story assurance like watching sit play piano time plays showed story friend science fiction writer editor clarke learned events called offered publish story anthology featured pieces regarded science fiction fantasy writers accepted book won world fantasy award best anthology story set early 19th century gloucestershire concerns friendship young women fields events story actually appear referenced chapter clarke said long time hope ladies eventually find place strange decided place deliberately kept women domestic sphere interests authenticity important real alternate history appeared meant needed write women servants far possible written 19th century novel reviewers short story collection highlighted tale calling striking story volume feminist power relations strange writes particular incredibly precise clean cold clarke portrayal women magic story collection urgent desperate natural course things hill retelling tale narrated 17th century suffolk bride tells resorts magic spin satisfy husband demands explains order avoid imprisonment murder sexual slavery defeat man attempting save story antiquarian advice husband turns largely worthless written form old diary text includes archaic example assistant described small black like handles face handsome story 19th century woman fiancé captain fox leaves mysterious turns devastated attempts process enchanted example ends wandering cemetery bleeding bare feet community assumes insane times notes calls memorable story collection madness persistence argues story clarke toys stereotypes women intuitive duke wellington horse set village wall novel illustrated story duke enters finds lady figure appears future frustrated fate future match desires calls story fairy presented extract journal describes conflict presented words independent diary form propose sisters resemble pride prejudice order save john tale related unreliable morally narrator child elusive stranger italian actually fairy story clarke plays novel racial simultaneously presenting narrative subtly layered set evoked landscape fantasy fairy bridge built set 18th century tells story jewish venetian doctor fairy friend fictional professor remarks note story suffers usual defects second rate century writing review collection writes story interesting explaining fairy culture fictionalized version detention mary queen scots 6th earl discovering murdered husband magic mary attempts learn secret knowledge assist political plots story published new_york_times immediately release piece pseudo folklore central figure medieval triumph tale pagan power christian saints notes story previously published sell volume sinister lacks clarke usual imaginative feeling illustrations black white line drawings reminiscent great early 20th century golden age children book illustrations praises describing delightful inspired art argues volume illustrated agreeing images contends kind reviewers praised design construction book praising similarity products late 19th century publishing notes shaded grey black palette flashes lively pink inside paper thick font bold story title page provided reception published october collection received positive reviews critics compared short stories highly acclaimed substantial globe_and_mail called collection praised tone collection describing delicious balanced equally sense satire example tries find spell turning members parliament useful members society find washington_post complained celebrated literary touch attention detail lacks density novel scope seal stories suddenly exposed light feather criticized characters emotionally arguing kind darkness shadow review agreed general review writing stories consistently subtle charismatic reader wish collection novel lacks glorious self possession end said best read stories series extended kind clarke famous continue play riffs power gender established novel storytelling representative clarke wider interests writer english mythology folklore story starring captain fox went play clarke novel audio book released audio book read review recording boston_globe writes narrator pretty trained british voices listen forever remarkable job changing voice accent manage deep sentence sound delicate extremely feminine match adept interpreting characters narration lacks porter brings	The Ladies of Grace Adieu and Other Stories	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
25580_Metzengerstein	tale imitation german short story american writer poet print published pages philadelphia saturday magazine story follows young frederick family carries long standing feud family suspected causing fire kills family patriarch frederick intrigued previously unnoticed horse punished cruelty home catches fire horse carries flame latin serves story living plague dying shall death follows conventions gothic fiction conventions consequently critics scholars debate intended story taken seriously considered satire gothic stories regardless elements introduced common future writing including castle power evil story follows orphan raised aristocratic household critics suggest autobiographical connection author story submitted entry writing contest saturday win newspaper published january published permission twice lifetime subtitle dropped final publication intended include collection tales club called collection produced plot summary story told unnamed person narrator takes place hungary unspecified date opening passages describe centuries long rivalry wealthy families bitter families old knows far dates narrator states origin appears rely ancient prophecy shall fearful fall rider horse mortality shall triumph baron orphaned young age inherited family fortune age age changes publications equipped enormous wealth power begins exhibit particularly cruel behavior behavior heir days receives inheritance stables rival family catch fire neighborhood attributed act arson story day home sits staring old depicting enormous colored horse belonged clan horse frederick sees rider killed dagger soon frederick sees horse assume energetic human expression immediately frederick opens door leave action causes shadow fall exactly spot murderer outside sees men handling horse counterpart horse men tell frederick new remarkable fiery colored horse found stables letters branded forehead says supposed course initials castle positive denying knowledge horse frederick takes ownership horse moment page appears tells frederick small portion missing presumably containing image horse frederick hears time later old died fire tried save horses burning stable frederick ferocious horse frederick touch arrival seemingly day day rides animal addicted interested affairs house society eventually begins live extent neighborhood suspect mad sick overwhelmingly night frederick mounts horse ride forest hours later castle catches fire crowd watch flames soon horse carrying rider clearly control animal sight makes present utter word horrible animal leaps flames rider disappeared amid chaotic fire killing clan immediately fire died away calm horrified observe cloud smoke settle castle shape distinct figure horse publication history originally sent saturday entry writing competition prose works including duke decided loss entries won judges apparently liked print months later january edition published attached acknowledged tale published likely paid initial publication subtitle tale imitation german added republished southern literary messenger january likely capitalize popular interest german horror removed publication collection tales tales collected tales club tale collection announced actually printed club fictitious literary society author called group abolish literature monthly meeting member present story case speaker white graduated according early draft baltimore saturday ran advertisement calling subscribers collection apiece week later newspaper announced author withdrawn pieces expectation printed philadelphia pennsylvania considered publishing collection stories called horse shade edition printed publications included line mother death consumption young baron says path prayed follow wish love gentle disease child mother died presumably consumption wife virginia tuberculosis died death altered personal view fictional sick sick women wishing death romantic view death uncommon writing ode inspired analysis explicitly stated implied horse story references belief soul person transferred living death evidence lack history recognition horse certainly prophecy referencing story read warning human soul overtaken evil created doesn suggest moral evil created person hatred pride traditional elements tale obvious example old castle typical gothic fiction story includes typical gothic themes scholar refers hints secret sins family rivalry gothic conventions staple popular fiction europe united_states decades time utilized considering subtitle tale imitation german critics scholars disagree fact intended story satire genre purposely elements gothic humorous evidence stories published tale jerusalem comic tales written said intended half half satire story uses irony form humor despite family prophecy mortality shall triumph opposite occurs suggestion written satire disputed especially revisions removed exaggerated material german generally european overtones story medieval setting time place plot left indistinct atmosphere story combines realistic supernatural worlds depicting emotional states likely influenced works called precursor fall house usher later works elements uses typical later works decaying building oddly shaped rooms remote property vivid colors underground themes vengeance overwhelming power evil future works depict characters extreme wealth examples narrator restored fortune gold bug uses teeth symbol time horse teeth described later use teeth sign mortality lips teeth man facts case sound teeth hop frog obsession teeth death fire later reused story hop frog punishment popular horror fiction time shows horror tales stand focusing blood gore explored minds characters better understand story autobiographical overtones castle representing richmond home foster father count reading represent young orphaned young age found writing story destroys destroyed return focusing final fire scene recalling fatal richmond theatre fire december occurred weeks mother actress died critical response german nature stories collection tales mentioned review december variety marked deep painful interest german school admirer wrote personal debt heavy inspiration story phantom main character punished horse murdered adaptations adapted component segment starred romanian composer wrote musical score piano based story called italian singer famous work song named present album lyrics heavily tale	Metzengerstein	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
26327_KawanBergeloet	perfected spelling indonesian collection short stories written published contains stories seven previously published magazine introduction stories generally humorous nature presented shows strong east influences released response commercial success collection reprinted times received positive critical considered pioneer indonesian short story dutch scholar indonesian literature writes collection interesting contribution indonesian literature background short stories sketches recorded indonesia 1870s short story collection published early stories vernacular derived fairy tales detective fiction short story writing developed 1920s 1930s short stories sketches formal register widely published magazines collection short stories indonesian literary canon published collection commercial success selling copies read born teacher gained popularity writer detective fiction student experimented humorous story telling approaches including novel numerous short stories published commercial success sought release new short story collection contacted contents contains short stories sketches written seven initially written published remaining stories written especially new collection edition included article written previously published january issue excluded later mat mat perfected spelling mat follows young man named mat goes fishing riverside casts unable catch fish fourth cast hooks fish falls waters story published issue volume perfected spelling meaning follows mother goes port child meet husband arriving jam unable find later tells mother died days reaching story published issue volume meaning misunderstanding follows merchant travels singapore turning profit escort leaves goes nearby restaurant dinner asks replies wants eat exchange repeated times asks begin fighting police called arrive realize source confusion explain leave shortly incident repeated misunderstanding ice cube according previously published literature published indonesian magazines note publication meaning mistaken expectations follows respected man small village having daughters desperately wants son continuously wife pregnant months later begins labour busy praying son escaped criminal room wife women scream praises god goes room criminal escapes arrives asks son confused story published issue volume perfected spelling meaning clever falls describes incident involving old men wedding hosts pass man takes golden mortar crush boasts mortar somewhat sour second man takes silver mortar says silver taste sour left long man takes wooden mortar says having tried golden silver mortars concluded crushed wood tastes best story published issue volume meaning heart follows man official small village marries young woman years age married divorced times marriage long man leaves days holiday expensive set black clothing wear ceremonies accidentally left home pretending sick man goes asks cover clothing light fire warm starts fire kitchen man escapes black clothes story published issues volume perfected spelling meaning preaching brings disappointment follows student islam known driven village offering low bride price arriving new village taken islamic teacher hoping students goods importance charity soon receiving chickens fish married local woman meal gives sermon charity wife fight soon gives plates women nature revealed forced flee story published issues volume perfected spelling meaning tells criminal devoted prayers old age fellow goes asks abandoned criminal ways embraced islam tells visitor years previously friend travelling forests saw people burying box night dug box tried away hoping treasure opening box found contained body young child returned box abandoned life criminal story written perfected spelling meaning magical blanket follows man terrified wife sent buy blanket way home cigar burns hole blanket afraid wife buys blanket blanket given later week tries break fast early stealing found convinces cover head blanket evening having seen hole blanket demands stepfather double reveal secret story written meaning misunderstanding follows young boys indian boy madras boy nicknamed selling begin fighting owing inability understand begins fighting sales cry followed argument holy poison ivy ends indian boy poison ivy contempt according story written records published issue volume meaning billboards follows man woman compete offer lowest prices open shops days continually prices attract customers conflict reaches point decides buy competitor cost agrees sells advertising hears competitor singapore buy new follows ship revealed actually husband wife actually bought stock customers paid total story written meaning antics follows betting named introduce arab sailors convinces bet splitting purple winning reveals secret skins add count returns money sailors leave occasion young sailor thirty eggs chicken laid hatch sailor returns finds thirty chicks shocked gives later reveals friend narrator eggs hatched purchased story written style indonesian literary scholar writes vast majority stories meant comedy considers story intended sad stories use previously seen conflict arising misunderstanding contents stories similar wrote indonesian language based formal strongly influenced east background little influence language spoken java considers language flow easily author indonesian readings sees echo folk tale stories publication reception published series number collection title variously translated comrades wrestling word indonesian mean wrestle laugh identifying meaning laugh writes title meant indicate book intended entertainment purposes read spare time gained recognition pioneer indonesian short story subsequent decades commonly mentioned histories literary form collection reissued times printing introduced updated spelling illustrations recent edition published story reprinted indonesian readings student reader indonesian foreign language writes greatest strength description considers writer avoided descriptions instead new original descriptions metaphors turns phrase considers stories comic incidents overly complicated attributes previous activity detective genre dutch scholar indonesian literature finds sketches observed described interesting contribution indonesian literature explanatory notes	Kawan Bergeloet	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
27371_TheMurdersintheRueMorgue	murders murders short story published recognized modern detective story referred tales works share similarities stories including man paris mystery brutal murder women numerous witnesses heard suspect agrees language spoken murder scene finds hair appear human fictional detective displays traits literary conventions subsequent fictional detectives including later characters example follow model brilliant detective personal friend serves narrator final revelation presented reasoning leads reappears mystery marie letter plot summary story surrounds double murder daughter home fictional street paris according newspaper accounts mother found yard house multiple broken bones throat deeply cut head fell body moved daughter found death stuffed upside chimney murders occurred fourth floor room locked inside floor found bloody straight razor bloody gray hair bags gold coins witnesses reported hearing voices time murder male french disagreed language spoken speech unclear witness admits know language claims heard paris natives friend unnamed narrator story read newspaper accounts interest live allow visitors cut contact associates venture outside night existed narrator explains bank clerk named arrested evidence exists pointing guilt intrigued remembers service performed decides offer assistance police witnesses agree language murderer spoke concludes hearing human voice narrator examine house thoroughly following day dismisses idea guilt robbery motive citing fact gold taken room method murderer entered room killed women involving climb lightning rod leap set open window showing unusual hair recovered scene demonstrating daughter human hand concludes killed women placed advertisement local newspaper asking lost animal sailor soon arrives looking sailor offers pay reward interested learning circumstances murders sailor explains captured borneo brought paris trouble keeping control saw attempting face straight razor imitating morning fled streets reached climbed house seized mother hair waving razor imitating barber fear flew rage ripped hair throat daughter sailor climbed lightning rod attempt catch animal voices heard witnesses belonged fearing punishment master threw mother body window stuffed daughter chimney fleeing sailor sells released custody police mentions people mind business tells story comments narrator somewhat profound ability est est quote deny explore themes analysis letter friend said murders theme exercise detecting murderer professional detective decides investigate murders personal amusement desire truth prove falsely accused man innocent interests financial declines monetary reward owner revelation actual murderer removes crime owner held responsible later detective stories set suspect arrested appearing guilty red herring chose wrote murders time crime forefront people minds urban development london recently established professional police force american cities beginning focus scientific police work newspapers reported murders criminal trials murders continues urban theme times fiction particular man crowd likely inspired time living philadelphia tale underlying metaphor battle brains physical strength depicted owner stand violence murderer owner admits abused animal whip analyst violence story contains theme death beautiful woman called topic world method defines method example card player extent information obtained lies validity quality observation provides narrative example explains knew narrator thinking actor applies method solving crime method emphasizes importance reading written word newspaper accounts curiosity learns written account likely french zoologist method engages reader follows reading clues emphasizes power spoken word asks sailor information murders sailor acts partial death sailor face struggling moment fell seat violently death literary significance reception biographer sums significance murders changed history world literature cited detective fiction story character prototype future fictional detectives including genre distinctive general mystery story focus analysis role creation detective story reflected awards given annually murders established common elements mystery fiction eccentric brilliant detective person narration close personal friend portrays police manner sort foil detective storytelling device detective announces solution explains reasoning leading locked room mystery detective fiction release murders author praised creation new profound novelty printed proves man genius inventive power skill know parallel achievement letter tales owe popularity new key mean ingenious people think ingenious account method air method murders instance web woven express purpose modern readers occasionally violation implicit narrative convention readers able guess solution read twist ending sign bad faith readers reasonably include list potential murderers inspiration word detective exist time wrote murders stories featured similar problem solving characters kind 19th century miss establishes innocence police favorite suspect murder cited detective story include main character performs similar feats analysis borrowed italian rendition expanding previous works including essay chess player comedic sundays week twist plot likely inspired crowd reaction display hall philadelphia july main character inspired character series stories published burton called unpublished passages french minister police likely known story features man discovers murderer plots share little resemblance murder victims stories neck cut badly head entirely removed body actually mentions dismissing good publication history originally titled story murders renamed better associate death murders appeared april working editor paid additional unusually high figure paid raven idea print series pamphlets stories entitled printed murders oddly collected satirical man sold half cents version included changes original text graham including new line somewhat profound change original acute murders reprinted collection stories simply called tales selecting tales collected sequel murders mystery marie serialized december january subtitled sequel murders mystery marie shares common elements murders inclusion paris setting reappeared letter called best tales letter july original manuscript murders printing discarded apprentice office retrieved left father left music book survived house fires bought presented manuscript bound letter explaining history donated completion new grave monument baltimore maryland murders earliest works translated french june june les published paris newspaper mentioned details including main characters changed october uncredited translation renamed published editor accused story accusation went trial public discussion brought attention french public adaptations murders adapted radio film television times film adaptation short silent film length version murders directed starring film bears little resemblance original story adaptation phantom released directed starring movie syndicated murders adaptation starring film directed title murders little story january radio play version broadcast movie murders aired directed starred adapted video game big fish games dark tales franchise title dark tales murders murders simplified version published british heavy metal band song called murders based story street short film directed starring	The Murders in the Rue Morgue	Language and literature	Language and literature	Short fiction and anthologies
1953_OilshaleinEstonia	oil estonia oil strategic energy resource constitutes estonia gross domestic product oil industry estonia developed world country oil industry employed people national workforce oil fired power stations world largest country mined oil electricity generation accounting estonia total electricity production smaller proportion mined oil produce oil type synthetic oil extracted sufficient estonia second largest oil producer world china addition oil products estonia district heating material cement industry kinds oil estonia rocks laid period larger resource organic matter content relatively low mined years expected years end total resource billion tonnes million tonnes deposits estonia account global oil deposits 18th 19th centuries oil described scientists low grade fuel use industry commenced production oil began oil generate electrical power shortly systematic research oil products began department mining established world war oil gas saint_petersburg called northern cities estonia substitute natural gas increased need electricity north west soviet_union led construction large oil fired power stations oil extraction peaked subsequently launch nuclear russia particularly reduced demand electricity produced oil post soviet restructuring industry 1990s led decrease oil mining decreasing decades oil mining started increase beginning 21st century industry continues impact environment produced estonia ordinary waste hazardous waste greenhouse gas emissions activities lower levels alter water circulation water quality water pumped mines oil fired power stations exceeds water estonia waste surface current oil mines cover percent estonia territory resource known oil marine type black belonging type oil widely instead considered fossils rock earlier considered reclassified 1980s members genus formed million years ago early marine environment mainland estonia occurs foot ranging area covering square kilometres findings western islands included extent increases square kilometres thickness layer varies metres maximum metres western estonia depth surface varies metres resources estonia estimated billion tonnes resources exceed attempts use energy source unsuccessful low value high content organic content ranges content value kilogram fischer oil yield resource estonia contains potential billion tonnes oil addition contains million tonnes making main potential sources europe million tonnes million tonnes economical environmentally friendly technology extract metals oil light brown marine type late oil formed million years ago named baltic german mid-19th century russian reflects german oil samples obtained deposits estonia world second highest grade oil deposits australian organic content varies averaging mean value conversion ratio organic content usable energy oil oil gas fischer oil yield principal organic component originated fossil green deposited shallow marine basin lies depths metres significant deposits estonia cover square kilometres deposit extension form baltic deposit covers square kilometres consists exploration mining fields deposit accounted reserve lower value makes extraction economically northern estonia layers lowest form metre thick bed area lies near surface south west lies deeper thickness quality decrease according estonia represents global european oil resources total resources estonia estimated billion tonnes including billion tonnes economically proven probable reserves economically proven probable reserves consist deposits energy ratings square metre values located areas environmental restrictions million tonnes economically proven probable reserves designated history early history reported 18th century naturalist explorer mentioned discovery burning rock near published travel notes mention oil estonia reported earliest documented record oil estonia authored baltic german publicist august dates based german word meaning stone oil likely mean oil context publication second half 18th century started search information minerals replace decreasing stock trees european russia result inquiries society received information mineral found manor near according landlord estate baron burning rock discovered depth meters spring opened slope sandy digging years earlier slope discovery briefly mentioned paper prepared german chemist presented meeting society scientific research rock oil yield samples village manor published baltic german published detailed description deposits thorough experiment oil oil deposit 1850s large scale works undertaken estonia transform excessively wet land land suitable agriculture included digging drainage ditches process previously unknown layers oil discovered locations years territory estonia explored baltic german studied findings oil russian chemist end 1860s studied composition properties oil originating area concluded sense use oil production gas solid fuel considered oil production remainder 19th century oil locally low grade fuel example 1870s landlord started use oil fuel manor failed attempts use 19th century beginning 20th century engineer von studied self near oil geology chemistry analyses conducted 19th century paul alexander beginning oil industry analysis oil resources mining possibilities intensified early 20th century estonia russian_empire industrial development way saint_petersburg known regional fuel resources short supply large oil extraction plant processing oil proposed outbreak world war coupled fuel supply crisis accelerated pace research june russian oversaw mining tonnes oil delivered saint_petersburg large scale experiments events marking beginning oil industry took place half century oil industry emerged scotland leading oil industry decade industry emerged china estonia today leading oil exploiting country total tonnes oil sent saint_petersburg testing tests proved oil suitable solid fuel extraction oil gas oil based promising results plan oil mining estonia presented emperor january february allocated million purchase land start mining activities february revolution appointed special commissioner oil purchasing began preliminary work digging oil scale construction carried workers including war prisoners summer october revolution financing ceased construction stopped private saint_petersburg firms established specially oil mining fall begun surface mining respectively terminated mining activities february area surrounding oil basin northeast estonia occupied german troops occupation mining activities carried german company english international construction consortium including sending oil germany research experimentation work constructed known generator late german forces left estonia time single oil mined sent germany developments interwar estonia estonia gained independence state owned oil enterprise english established department november enterprise later named english oil industry predecessor current oil producers estonia took existing open pit opened new mines private investors including investors abroad initiated oil industries estonia opening mines closed closed tonnes tonnes oil mined annual output exceeded million tonnes annual output reached tonnes initially oil primarily cement industry firing locomotive household fuel major industrial consumers oil cement factories locomotives estonia powered oil oil production started estonia built experimental oil processing vertical method developed later evolve current processing technology oil extraction plant oil research laboratory founded following experimental commercial oil plant operation december german owned company german english stone oil predecessor affiliated established end 1930s largest oil producer estonia company oil plant settlement town formed way settlement district formed owned british investor owned later purchased open pit opened oil extraction plant abandoned technical problems swedish norwegian consortium swedish english oil consortium controlled founded united_kingdom built oil extraction plant facility continued operate new consolidated gold fields established service station chain finland sold oil derived gasoline finland entire conventional gasoline market estonia oil supplied ship fuel oil exported accounting estonia total exports price oil based gasoline triple global gasoline prices high production agreements germany facilitated export estonia produced tonnes oil including tonnes oil suitable gasoline mining oil industry employed persons oil fired electrical power industry started switched oil reached capacity oil fired power stations built beginning world war total capacity oil fired power stations power stations connected grid international discussion took place meeting systematic research oil products began initiated professor independent academic institution established department mining established oil industries conducted tests oil samples australia bulgaria germany south_africa developments german occupied estonia soon soviet occupation entire oil industry later germany invaded soviet_union industry infrastructure largely destroyed retreating soviet forces subsequent german occupation industry merged company named largest industry territory entity company exclusive rights oil production german occupied territories primary purpose industry production oil german_army german troops retreated oil region oil increasingly important march issued secret order stating development oil industry important military economic task territories baltic states june issued order send male jews possible oil mining consisted units partially restored previously existing industries addition started construction new mining oil extraction complex operational prisoners war forced labour thirds work force units soviet troops advancing estonia oil specialists evacuated germany work oil industry operation desert oil extraction plants estonia destroyed mines ignited inundated retreating germans existing oil fired power stations destroyed developments soviet estonia mining industry merged russian english oil ussr oil extraction plants merged oil russian organisations directed moscow new mines opened area open pit closed underground merged closed construction large oil fired power stations demand oil increased consequently new larger mines constructed underground mines estonia open pit mines later named exhausted smaller mines like closed estonia largest oil world success oil based power generation oil mining peaked million tonnes year power generation peaked industry declined subsequent decades demand electric power generated oil decreased following construction nuclear power stations particularly nuclear power station end fire broke estonia largest underground fire estonia continued days caused pollution ground surface waters oil industry redeveloped tunnel restored end 1940s tunnel located restored german prisoners war contributed labour type built pilot built engineering plant unit operation capable processing tonnes oil day modelling generation commercial scale type commercial scale pilot built capacities tonnes oil day respectively closed second annexed operating type tonnes day commissioned started pilot plant process converting commercial scale plant took years oil gas plant operational decades oil gas substitute natural gas saint_petersburg known northern cities time history synthetic gas oil households enable delivery gas kilometre pipeline built followed kilometre pipeline 1950s unsuccessful tests oil underground conducted conversion oil gas tested industrial production oil gas replaced natural gas gas production continued expanded peaking million cubic metres ceased total generators operated gas production power station world use oil industrial scale commissioned followed ensure sufficient electricity supply estonia north west russia built stations collectively known world largest oil fired power stations moscow based authorities planned oil fired power station capacity new plan disclosed time war singing revolution met strong local opposition implemented compounds extracted locally mined processing plant tonnes compounds corresponding tonnes produced sources note produced construction soviet atomic bomb information confirmed archive materials oil research institute department founded preliminary research oil based chemical production began year exploring potential use oil synthetic construction materials synthetic synthetic billion cubic metres mineral wool produced oil solid oil branch established scientific technical journal founded estonia developments independent estonia 1990s estonia regained independence country underwent restructuring economy causing collapse large heavy industry sector collapse led decrease consumption electricity decrease need oil mined produce electricity oil export soviet markets largely ceased decrease demand mines closed closed state owned oil producers merged single company named year later declared factories sold separately new oil producers emerged government estonia started negotiations american company create joint venture basis largest consumer oil estonia deal government owned shares oil mining company transferred proposed deal met strong public political opposition cancelled failed deadline secure financing project consequently government transferred remained shares state owned company parent company fully owned subsidiary oil production started increase beginning 21st century open pit mines merged single open pit new mines opened open pit open pit underground years major mining estonia total mined oil reached billion tonnes exhausted open pit closed followed year later underground power units circulating bed boilers operation construction power station located existing power station began end closed established joint venture finnish technology company venture sought develop modified process process enhance existing technology circulating beds opened testing plant frankfurt began test type opened new generation type plant technology opened new type oil plants called december october november january company announced low oil price close old oil plants technology lay workers economic impact national development plan oil describes oil strategic energy resource mineral resources estonia mined currently limestone sand gravel potentially resources include granite iron ore oil industry estonia developed world estonia country world uses oil primary energy source oil supplied estonia total primary energy accounted estonia gross domestic product people workforce estonia directly employed oil industry state revenue oil production million including million duty labour taxes million environmental charges royalties operating profit oil producers million public research development demonstration expenditures million went oil sector new development plan preparatory stage mining estonia adopted national development plan limits annual mining oil million tonnes rate reserves years million tonnes oil mined mining losses million tonnes oil mines operation open pit mines underground mines mines owned companies plans opening new mines preparatory phase historically ratio underground mining open pit mining approximately usable deposits close surface underground mining probably increase estonia underground operated state owned largest oil world underground operated privately owned located mines use room pillar mining method oil mined transported processing plant unique kilometre belt similar operation countries unusually challenging installation path contains curves sharp turns open pit operated open pit operated privately owned mines use highly selective extraction layers uses technology involves breaking targeted deposits blasting stripping rock relatively large bucket cubic metres cubic feet open pit operated belongs group located mined oil electricity production oil production thermal energy cement chemical products electricity heat generation national development plan oil oil resource ensuring estonia electricity supply energy security share oil estonia electricity heat production set decrease european_union climate policy country recognition environmental impact oil fired power stations need national energy balance estonia right gradually decreasing limited number free charge phased according estonia adopt energy strategy order reduce share oil primary energy supply improving efficiency fired power stations increasing use energy sources energy natural gas oil mined estonia power generation estonia electricity generated oil produced electricity exported finland lithuania owns largest oil power stations world addition new station use circulating bed boiler technology construction heat supply estonia generated direct oil oil oil fuel boiler houses estonia heat produced generation district heating largest city estonia inhabitants generation plants burn oil produce electrical power supply district heating nearby towns addition raw oil uses oil gas product oil production purposes oil extraction estonia second largest oil producer world china production tonnes oil produced oil exported mainly european countries bunker fuel remainder mainly district heating oil producers estonia subsidiary produced tonnes oil subsidiary produced tonnes subsidiary produced tonnes processes process process use oil extraction uses process use processes cement production spent solid oil portland cement production factory tonnes spent cement production subsidiary produces building blocks oil ash spent plans construct cement factory mined waste rock road construction environmental impact land usage mining processing billion tonnes oil estonia created million tonnes solid waste ashes largest component million tonnes followed mining waste million tonnes spent mainly semi million tonnes according european_union waste list oil ash spent classified hazardous waste addition approximately million tonnes deposit mined waste process ore mining near oil industry produced estonia ordinary waste hazardous waste million tonnes mining waste million tonnes oil ash million tonnes semi generated oil industry estonia ranks european_union countries generated waste capita million tonnes oil lost year mining combined losses incurred process resource lost oil development plan sets efficient use oil goal mining losses decreased oil waste pose spontaneous risk remaining organic content waste material particularly semi contains including heavy metals toxic result decades mining activity topography oil region changed includes greater range altitudes mined area current oil mines occupy estonia territory square kilometres territory use open pit mines waste additional square kilometres sunk unstable underground mining semi near covered hectares acres ash near covered hectares acres protruding flat landscape regarded landmarks monuments area industrial heritage biodiversity mined area particular reclaimed areas biodiversity areas undergone natural succession water usage pollution surface water flows mines water pumped order mining proceed water pumped mines water oil fired power stations combined exceeds water estonia cubic meter oil mined estonia cubic metres water pumped mines amounting million cubic metres acre pumped mines annually comprises water pumped underground mines annually pumped open pit mines circulation quality levels releases water surface water bodies rivers lakes mining activities contributed lower water levels lakes release water environment changed natural movement surface water result mining activities moves excavation kilometre square mile underground water body holds million cubic metres acre water formed abandoned underground mines process pumping water mines introduces oxygen rock contains consequence introduction significant amounts water negative impact water quality lakes lakes levels increased tens times compared pre mining period suspended mineral matter water pumped lakes changed composition lakes sediments found disturbance time studies iron mining water decrease levels meet drinking water quality standards years closure process waste waters oil extraction contain tar environmentally toxic products power stations use water hydraulic transportation oil ash ash power stations use million cubic metres acre water annually cooling ash transportation generated oil ash mixed water ratio resulted mixture known ash pulp pumped consequently transportation water highly total volume formed water million cubic metres acre source water pollution oil ash spent cubic metres acre toxic ash annually closure old semi additional cubic metres acre reached rivers baltic_sea annually mainly caused includes oil products heavy metals air emissions oil fired power stations air fly ash gases like carbon dioxide nitrogen dioxide hydrogen addition estonia pollution affects finland russia industry atmosphere annually tonnes fly ash including heavy metals mainly calcium harmful organic substances including fly ash portion atmospheric fly ash raised value lake water caused invasion plants area oil industry leading degradation source air pollution dust arises deposition oil ash semi according study concentration matter fly ash cubic metre hazardous particles diameter particles associated increase mortality number premature deaths estonia oil releases atmosphere primary fuel generating electricity modern oil fired boilers creates tonnes oil industry chief source greenhouse gas emissions estonia oil based electricity generation estonia second highest greenhouse gas emissions relative fifth highest emissions capita countries energy sector estonia emitted equivalent million tonnes greenhouse gases order reduce country emissions meet emissions reduction targets use oil electricity generation needs scaled emissions estonia reduced thirds oil production lighter oil products instead burning electricity generation achieved raising taxes oil use tax rates fossil according content efforts reduced industry environmental impact bed generates fewer fly ash emissions including earlier technologies burned oil exhausted mining areas carried 1970s million project implemented environmentally safe closing hectares acres semi ash accordance european_union waste framework directive covered material new metre semi highest artificial hill baltic countries converted ski centre open pit converted rowing course open pit military training area recent research monetary health damage environmental impacts caused oil industry oil sector health impact survey carried	Oil shale in Estonia	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
3777_Desert	desert desert barren area land little precipitation occurs consequently living conditions hostile plant animal life lack vegetation unprotected surface ground processes land surface world arid semi arid includes polar regions little precipitation occurs called polar cold classified precipitation falls temperature causes geographical location formed processes large variations temperature day night strains rocks consequently break pieces rain seldom occurs occasional result flash floods rain falling hot rocks cause resulting fragments rubble desert floor eroded wind picks particles sand dust aloft sand dust storms wind blown sand grains striking solid object path surface rocks wind sorts sand uniform deposits grains end level sheets sand high sand dunes flat plains fine material blown away surface consists mosaic smooth stones areas known desert little erosion takes place desert features include rock exposed bedrock deposited flowing water temporary lakes form salt left waters underground sources water form springs found occur plants animals living desert need special adaptations survive harsh environment plants tend tough small leaves water resistant spines deter annual plants bloom die course weeks rainfall long lived plants survive years deep root systems able tap underground moisture animals need cool find food water survive nocturnal stay shade underground heat day tend efficient water needs food concentrating animals remain state long periods ready active rare rains fall reproduce rapidly conditions favorable returning people struggled live surrounding semi arid lands moved flocks grazing available provided opportunities settled way life cultivation semi arid regions encourages erosion soil causes increased desert farming possible aid irrigation california provides example previously barren land productive import water outside source trade routes forged especially traditionally carrying salt gold ivory goods large numbers slaves taken northwards mineral extraction takes place sunlight gives potential capture large quantities solar energy etymology english desert romance including italian portuguese french spanish come ecclesiastical latin originally abandoned place abandon sparse population complex dynamic varying culture era technologies use word desert cause confusion english 20th century desert sense area specific reference today word climate science sense area low precipitation phrases desert island great american desert previous centuries necessarily imply sand focus sparse population physical geography desert region land dry receives low amounts precipitation usually form rain snow mist fog little coverage plants streams dry supplied water outside area described areas water lost falls precipitation generally receive precipitation year regions receive clad grass known classification defined classified number ways generally combining total precipitation number days falls temperature humidity additional factors example phoenix arizona receives precipitation year immediately recognized located desert adapted plants alaska receives precipitation year classified cold desert regions world cold including areas high altitude areas parts world polar cover ice free areas arctic non technical definition parts earth surface insufficient vegetation cover support human population potential measurement precipitation providing scientific measurement based definition desert water budget area calculated formula precipitation potential rates surface storage water combination water loss atmospheric life processes plants potential water given region example arizona receives rain year water course year words times water region actually falls rain rates cold regions alaska lower lack heat aid process classified hot cold coastal characteristics hot include high temperatures summer greater precipitation usually exacerbated high temperatures strong winds lack cloud cover considerable variation occurrence precipitation intensity distribution low humidity winter temperatures vary considerably different related location desert continental latitude daily variations temperature great heat loss radiation night increased clear skies cold known temperate occur higher latitudes hot caused air cold far ocean separated mountain ranges sea cases insufficient moisture air cause precipitation largest found occur eastern rocky_mountains eastern southern southern australia polar particular class cold desert air cold carries little moisture little precipitation occurs fall usually snow carried strong wind form dunes similar caused dust sand desert regions antarctica example annual precipitation central plateau times major based precipitation receive rainfall year annual seasonal cycle precipitation experience month periods rainfall arid receive year factors temperature humidity rate moisture storage capacity ground marked effect degree plant animal life sustained rain falling cold season effective promoting plant growth defining boundaries regions surround grounds precipitation problematic coastal found western edges continental land masses regions cold currents approach land cold water rise ocean depths cool winds crossing water pick little moisture coastal regions low temperatures low rainfall main precipitation form fog range temperatures daily annual scale relatively low respectively type long narrow bounded east mountain ranges occur south west africa chile southern california baja california coastal influenced cold currents found western_australia western fringes divided desert regions earth categories according precipitation received widely accepted system extremely arid lands consecutive months precipitation arid lands annual precipitation lands mean annual precipitation extremely arid arid lands considered lands generally referred classified according geographical location dominant weather pattern trade wind mid latitude rain shadow coastal monsoon polar trade wind occur horse latitudes belts associated subtropical anticyclone large scale descent dry air moving high altitudes poles desert type mid latitude occur areas remote sea moisture precipitated prevailing winds include monsoon similar occur regions large temperature differences occur sea land moist warm air rises land deposits water content sea inland areas receive little precipitation near india pakistan border type parts world created rain shadow effect lift occurs air masses rise pass high ground process cool lose moisture precipitation slope mountain range descend warm capacity hold moisture increases area relatively little precipitation occurs example lying rain shadow receiving precipitation annually areas arid virtue long way nearest available sources moisture arid places high altitude prominent example found north locations category elevations exceeding thermal regime places owe profound average annual precipitation far nearest available sources moisture lee mountain ranges normally cold hot day cold night true northeastern slopes polar remain ice free dry winds flow downhill surrounding mountains desert areas presently non arid environments nebraska known climate classification system classed hot desert temperate desert climate classification system classified arid climates processes usually large seasonal temperature range high daytime temperatures falling sharply night range rock surface experiences greater temperature day sky usually clear sun radiation reaches ground soon sun sets desert quickly heat space hot temperature daytime exceed summer freezing point night winter large temperature variations destructive effect exposed rocky surfaces repeated fluctuations strain exposed rock flanks mountains crack fragmented strata slide valleys continue break pieces relentless sun day night successive strata exposed relief internal pressure built rocks underground cause occurs outer surfaces rocks split flat believed caused stresses rock repeated expansions parallel original surface chemical processes probably play important role previously thought necessary moisture present form mist ground water drawn surface formation salt crystals rock particles sand rocks shallow caves formed base cliffs means desert mountains decay large areas shattered rock rubble occur process continues end products dust sand dust formed solidified clay volcanic deposits sand results harder limestone sandstone certain critical size temperature induced rocks occur provides minimum size sand grains mountains eroded sand created high wind speeds sand grains picked surface blown process known airborne grains act sand blasting mechanism away solid objects path energy wind transferred ground sand eventually ends deposited level areas known sand fields sand seas dunes dust storms sand dust storms natural events occur arid regions land protected covering vegetation dust storms usually start desert margins finer materials blown away steady wind begins blow fine particles lying exposed ground begin greater wind speeds particles lifted air stream land strike particles air turn starting chain reaction ejected particles possible ways depending size shape density suspension suspension possible particles diameter dust storm fine particles lifted aloft heights reduce visibility remain atmosphere days end conveyed trade winds distances clouds dust formed stronger winds moving land leading edge sunlight dark night ground level study dust storm china estimated million tons dust involved covering area km2 mean particle size smaller scale short lived phenomenon occur calm conditions hot air near ground rises quickly small pocket cooler low pressure air forming column particles dust devil occur frequency dust storms preceded severe dust storms occur wind velocity increases point lift heavier particles grains sand diameter air soon fall earth particles process weight prevents airborne long travel distance meters yards sand streams surface ground like fluid rising heights severe steady blow high sand stream rise largest sand grains airborne transported rolled desert floor performing short jumps wind blown sand particles electrically charged electric fields range size produce sparks cause interference telecommunications equipment unpleasant humans cause electric fields caused collision airborne particles impacts sand grains landing ground mechanism little understood particles usually negative charge diameter positive major earth land surface salt covered flats processes major factors shaping desert landscapes polar seen cold similar features main form precipitation snow rain antarctica world largest cold desert composed thick continental ice sheet barren rock barren rock found called dry valleys antarctica snow ice lakes suggest far greater rare snowfall strong winds ice hot cold play earth temperature reflect incoming light higher forests sea features people think consisting extensive areas sand dunes way depicted films look like world desert sand varying north_america australia sand occur usually large quantities form sand sheets extensive areas dunes sand sheet near level firm partially consolidated particles layer varies centimeters meters thick structure sheet consists thin horizontal layers coarse fine medium grain sand separated layers coarse sand gravel single grain thick larger particles anchor particles place packed surface form miniature desert pavement small form sand sheet wind exceeds mph form perpendicular wind direction gradually surface wind continues blow distance corresponds average length jumps particles change wind direction causes sand dunes sand ridges form sources dry loose sand occur climatic conditions cause airborne particles settle wind blows place individual grains sand reach crest cascade far slope typically gradient lee slope angle loose dry sand slip wind induced movement sand grains takes place moves slowly surface ground dunes solitary grouped fields extensive known sand seas shape depends characteristics prevailing wind dunes produced strong winds blowing level surface crescent shaped concave away wind directions winds regularly blow series long linear dunes known dunes form occur parallel strong wind blows general direction transverse dunes run right angle prevailing wind direction star dunes formed variable winds ridges slip faces central point tend grow vertically reach height making tallest type rounded sand slip face rare dome dunes found edges sand seas large surface area world consists flat stone covered plains dominated wind erosion wind continually removes fine material wind blown sand material mainly larger stones leaving desert pavement area land closely packed smooth stones forming mosaic different theories exist exactly pavement formed sand dust blown away wind stones place alternatively stones previously ground way work surface little erosion takes place formation pavement ground stable brings moisture surface action calcium precipitated binding particles form desert time bacteria live surface stones accumulate film minerals clay particles forming shiny brown coating known desert non sandy consist exposed bedrock dry soils variety affected flowing water fans temporary permanent lakes type desert landscape consisting high rocky plateau sand removed processes include plains largely covered angular finer particles stripped wind called western eastern plains australia central asia algeria impressive eroded sandstone blocks places wind carved holes arches created mushroom like pillars narrower base water force cut way high desert floor creating canyon mile feet meters deep places exposing strata billion year old water places earth virtually devoid life blocked receiving precipitation mountains east west cold anticyclone pacific essential dry climate average precipitation chilean region year weather stations received rain evidence suggests significant rainfall arid mountains reach high completely free glaciers southern free extends altitude continuous plant life form specialist plants obtain moisture blow pacific rain falls occasionally great violence desert surface evidence dry stream channels known surface experience flash floods raging surprising storm kilometers away basins drainage sea crossed exotic rivers sourced mountain ranges high rainfall areas borders losing water pass desert raising levels nearby underground sources water form springs underground rivers lakes lie close surface wells dug form plant animal life flourish sandstone system largest known accumulation fossil water great man river scheme launched libya colonel tap supply water coastal cities egypt long largest oasis lake occupied depression ancient times thick deposits sandy clay resulted wells dug extract water sandstone lies underneath occur walls pools survive deep shade near dried lakes form basins sufficient precipitation glaciers usually shallow wind blowing surface cause stress moving water nearby low lying areas lakes dry leave crust area deposited clay sand known north_america relics covered parts utah nevada idaho ice age climate colder include great salt lake utah lake lake dry lake beds smooth flat surfaces attempted vehicle speed records black rock desert united_states_air_force uses aircraft space shuttle flora plants face severe challenges arid environments problems need solve include obtain water avoid eaten reproduce key plant growth place day energy sun required day hot opening allow carbon dioxide necessary process causes conservation water priority desert vegetation plants resolved problem adopting acid allowing open night allow enter close day carbon desert plants reduced size leaves abandoned altogether desert specialists species leaves displaced cellular structure modified allow store water rain falls water rapidly absorbed shallow roots retained allow survive months years away giant desert form forests providing shade plants nesting places desert birds grow slowly live years surface trunk folded like allowing expand large specimen hold tons water good restricted north_america plants developed similar strategies process known evolution limit water loss reducing size number having tiny leaves deciduous leaves season leaves reduce store water leaves stems desert plants maximize water having shallow roots spread widely developing long reach deep rock strata ground water australia leaves salt crystals enabling live areas common developed spines ward animals desert plants produce seed lies dormant soil sparked growth rainfall plants grow great flower set seed weeks aiming complete development water perennial plants reproduction likely successful seed shaded position close parent plant competition seed blown desert floor seed coat seed tree grows americas hard fails planted carefully passed gut readily little pile moist provides excellent start life away parent tree stems leaves plants lower surface velocity sand carrying winds protect ground erosion small fungi microscopic plant organisms found soil surface called soil vital link preventing erosion providing support living organisms plants including reproduce wind living environment cold high concentrations salt soil grasses low shrubs dominant vegetation ground covered shrubs leaves shed year fauna animals adapted live called evidence body temperature mammals birds different climates great heat cold fact exceptions basal rate determined body size climate live desert animals plants especially clear evolutionary adaptations water conservation heat tolerance studied comparative physiology evolutionary physiology studied example shown desert inhabiting species examples evolution identified desert organisms including rats present challenging environment animals require food water need body temperature level ways birds able higher animals areas greater food availability desert local rainfall fly hot birds remove heated desert floor cooler air great heights order conserve energy desert birds run fly cream colored ground long legs stopping periodically insects like desert birds coloring merge landscape stationary expert nests open desert floor dozens kilometers miles away needs visit daily small birds found restricted plumage matches color underlying surface desert takes frequent dust ensures matches environment water carbon dioxide end products proteins produces grams water protein produces grams water fat produces grams water making possible live little access drinking water rat example makes use water water having low basal rate remaining underground heat day reducing loss water skin respiratory system rest mammals obtain moisture plants eat species grant efficient apparently need drink superb example adapted desert life water loss producing concentrated dry able lose body weight water loss dying obtain water needs body prey hot desert animals nocturnal seeking shade day dwelling underground depths remain regardless external temperature desert rats rats small emerge night snakes prey cool increasing rate skin mammals living cold developed greater warmer body fur layers fat beneath skin arctic rate times high expected animal size birds avoided problem losing heat feet attempting maintain temperature rest bodies form emperor dense plumage layer air layer skin strategies maintain body temperature environments earth reptiles unable live cold suited hot ones heat day temperature rise reptiles survive temperature heat adaptations desert life unable cool shelter heat day night ground heat absorbed day emerge search prey snakes numerous arid regions certain snakes developed novel method enables navigate high sand dunes include africa north_america distinct similar patterns evolution desert reptiles ambush predators bury sand waiting prey come range amphibians unlikely desert need skins moist dependence water reproductive purposes fact species found habitat remarkable adaptations spending hot dry months deep shed skins number times retain remnants retain moisture desert couch spends year dormant heavy rain trigger emergence male find suitable pool calls attract eggs laid grow rapidly reach water desert adult juveniles stay surface feeding growing soon dig adulthood water holding frog australia similar life cycle long years rain falls desert rain frog nocturnal survives damp sea roll atlantic invertebrates particularly successfully homes desert flies beetles ants spiders hard water lay eggs underground young develop away temperature extremes surface silver uses heat shock protein novel way open brief heat day long legged beetle stands legs raises catch morning mist water mouth use pools form rain complete life cycle matter days desert shrimp appearing new formed dormant eggs hatch fairy lose soon rains temporary pools human relations humans long use places live recently started exploit minerals energy capture play significant role human culture extensive literature history people living australia tribes north american indians originally hunter developed skills manufacture use weapons animal tracking finding water foraging edible plants things found natural environment supply everyday needs self sufficient skills knowledge passed generations word mouth cultures developed nomadic way life sheep goats cattle travelled large areas moving new seasonal erratic rainfall encouraged new plant growth took tents cloth skins poles diet included milk blood meat desert traders large land stretching atlantic rim egypt trade routes developed linking south fertile mediterranean region north large numbers carry valuable goods desert interior traders goods transported traditionally included slaves ivory gold going northwards salt going southwards knowledge region employed guide wells million slaves taken northwards 8th 18th centuries traditional means overland transport declined advent motor vehicles shipping air freight travel routes carrying salt interior desert edge communities round precipitation occurred conditions suitable groups took crops happened drought caused death herd animals forcing turn cultivation mercy weather lived bare level land cultivated reduced area available nomadic causing disputes land semi arid fringes desert fragile soils risk erosion exposed happened american dust bowl 1930s grasses held soil place series dry years caused crop failures enormous dust storms blew away half million americans forced leave land similar damage today semi arid areas rim million hectares land turned desert year caused factors drought climatic shifts agriculture vegetation plays major role determining composition soil environments rate erosion run increases dramatically reduced vegetation cover unprotected dry surfaces tend blown away wind washed away flash floods leaving soil layers sun historically considered cause evidence wild animals actually improve fertility vegetation cover removal encourages processes natural resource extraction contain substantial mineral resources entire surface giving characteristic colors example red sand comes minerals geological processes desert climate concentrate minerals valuable deposits ground water extract ore minerals according water table concentrated form similarly tends concentrate minerals desert lakes creating dry lake beds rich minerals concentrate minerals variety deposits including found usa great basin desert historically exploited teams pulling nearest railway desert especially rich mineral chile mined explosives desert minerals copper chile peru iran iron australia metals commercially valuable types rock extracted world oil gas form shallow seas micro organisms conditions later covered sediment time sites shallow seas underlying deposits transported movement plates major found sands saudi_arabia believe oil deposits formed processes ancient case major american oil fields farming traditional desert farming systems long established north_africa irrigation key success area water stress limiting factor growth techniques include irrigation use organic animal traditional agricultural management fertility built crop production preserves soil destruction wind forms erosion found plant growth promoting bacteria play role increasing resistance plants stress conditions soil vicinity plants study found desert farming establishing islands fertility allowing farmers achieve increased yields despite adverse environmental conditions field trial desert exposed roots different species tree nitrogen fixing aim restoring degraded lands partially successful farmed 7th century iron age supply food desert forts native americans south western united_states seeds technologies available mexico techniques grew gardens moist areas foot dunes near streams providing flood irrigation areas extensive specially built canals tribe constructed miles large canals maintained centuries impressive feat engineering grew beans modern example desert farming california high temperatures average rainfall year economy heavily based agriculture land network canals sourced entirely soil deep fertile river flood plains desert transformed productive farming regions california water river urban communities expense river extraction sites longer ground flow year problem growing crops way build soil caused river water desert remains time viewed future means increasing food production world growing population prospect proved false disregarded environmental damage caused diversion water desert project irrigation solar energy capture increasingly seen sources solar energy partly low amounts cloud cover successful solar power plants built plants combined capacity making largest solar power installation world large desert covered mirrors including fields solar collectors currently construction produce completed potential generating solar energy huge highest found globe professor stated technology exists supply world electricity needs industrial initiative consortium seeking billion invest north african solar wind installations years supply electricity europe cable lines running mediterranean_sea european interest stems aspects continual daytime sunshine plenty unused land receives sunshine acre europe space totalling hundreds square miles required house fields mirrors solar plants israel surrounding area including receive plenty sunshine generally resulted construction solar plants proposed giant solar plants supply israel needs electricity warfare arabs probably organized force conduct successful battles desert knowing routes locations utilizing muslim arab forces able successfully overcome roman persian forces period expansion islamic centuries later world wars saw fighting desert world war ottoman turks engaged british regular army campaign spanned arabian peninsula turks defeated british backing irregular arab forces seeking revolt turks famous book seven second world war began italian libya warfare desert offered great scope use large open spaces casualties civilian populations tanks armoured vehicles able travel large distances land mines laid large numbers size terrain meant supplies needed brought great distances battle advance supply chain necessarily longer defeated army retreat resupply reasons line moved forth hundreds kilometers lost regained momentum easterly point egypt allies decisively defeated axis forces culture desert generally thought barren landscape portrayed writers film makers philosophers artists critics place extremes metaphor death war religion primitive past future extensive literature subject early historical account travelled china crossing number year trek accounts vivid descriptions desert conditions accounts journeys interwoven reflection case major work travels described flying desert wind sand stars bell travelled extensively arabian desert early 20th century expert subject writing books advising british government dealing arabs woman explorer travelled middle_east visiting turkey syria persia afghanistan writing books experiences german naturalist spent years living recording experiences research book earth american poet expressed bleak thoughts poem ends stanza scare spaces stars stars human race nearer home scare desert places planets mars planet solar system identified despite low surface atmospheric pressure earth patterns atmospheric circulation mars formed sea sand million million area larger earth principally consist dunes form half flat areas near permanent polar ice caps north planet smaller fields occupy situated polar regions examination surface rocks laser shown surface film resembles desert found earth surface dust surface moon saturn desert like surface seas	Desert	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
3978_WatersupplyandsanitationinColombia	water supply colombia article updated substance august sections article older need updated feel free update article needed water supply colombia improved ways past decades access improved increased access improved water source increased slightly particular coverage rural areas furthermore despite improvements quality water services remains inadequate example receiving public services receive water quality generated country underwent kind treatment overview comprehensive sector policy introduced aimed increasing water investments targeted transfers municipalities improving service quality efficiency promoting private sector participation parts country utilities performing establishment autonomous regulatory agencies national level increased cost recovery protecting cross subsidies form area based policy pursued refined different consecutive governments responsibilities sector divided follows vice created october charge setting sector policy regulation responsibility separate institutions national level water basic regulation commission multi sector regulatory agency service provision responsibility water service providers urban areas probably communal organizations providing services rural urban areas urban service providers public private mixed public private water companies country cost recovery sector improved substantially average water colombia increased equivalent increase result investments self financed utilities features sector existence large performing public companies strong stable participation local private sector service provision performing community based organizations urban areas recently government initiated number policies accelerate increases access water services strengthening roles departments governance sector program marginal urban neighborhoods increase investments treatment access population access improved source water access adequate rural population accounts national total lowest coverage rates having access safe water adequate coverage lowest service quality addition issues service coverage colombia water sector faces issues service quality service quality improved considerably years biggest cities tend offer better service quality smaller towns rural areas continuity supply average duration daily water service increased hours hours national level biggest cities country service continuous water interrupted ordinary incidents small towns rural areas drinking water quality according survey users water quality cases water supply system pressure adequate increasing risk contamination sewage collection systems sufficient hydraulic capacity handle flows especially poor neighborhoods results combined sewer sewer treatment generated country underwent kind treatment remaining discharged treatment significant natural water resources history water sector colombia underwent cycle past decades enactment comprehensive new sector policy governments pursued set basic policies including targeted transfers municipalities private sector participation regulation cost recovery system cross subsidies 1950s late 1980s half 20th century municipalities responsible provision basic water services colombia similar countries centralized system adopted created created consisting departments municipalities took care managing maintaining infrastructure member communities way investment national level important area public health framework change sector policies transformed works companies regional municipal level charge financing planning developing managing public services municipalities municipalities kept responsibility service provision local level created municipal companies notable case owned multi sector utility created national level water sector depended late 1980s 1980s sector crisis characterized low investment poor cost recovery poor service quality country result government decided break end 1980s responsibility service provision municipalities decades cases like department regional companies continued providing services furthermore institutional responsibility sector transferred change administrative change introduced different focus perspective sector new financing system public private partnerships liberal governments pursued policy economic opening business modernization spirit policies government established comprehensive new sector policy aimed increasing water investments targeted transfers municipalities improving service quality efficiency promoting private sector participation parts country public utilities performing establishment autonomous regulatory agencies national level increased cost recovery protecting cross subsidies form area based basis sector policy established law july end president term office modifications law policy continues pursued today despite changes governments water concession colombia given mixed public private company city followed second concession concessions years government launched program business modernization introduce private sector participation small medium sized municipalities leading significant improvements quality efficiency service provision municipalities drinking water use decreased increases inclusion low income users access water influenced trend creation vice ministry water plans government wants rapidly increase coverage overtaking sector improve service quality especially small towns rural areas highest requirement service improvement end vice ministry water created initiated new programs plans spa settlements framework integral quarter improvement program municipal waste water program increase rate treated municipal water campaign program provides services planning resources regional systems service provision level department country program implemented departments difficult conditions program aimed overcome sector small utilities benefit economies scale plans completed published covering country departments responsibility water supply vice ministry transferred newly created august vice ministry website reference program spa place addition new programs started water culture del program lack interest concerning water utilities promotes water reuse protection fights water losses illegal connections non payment water bills transparent water program ensure greater visibility wider water projects especially early stage implementation responsibility water supply current responsibilities policies water sector colombia primarily defined constitution law policy regulation vice created october charge setting sector policy sector policy defined framework national policy established responsibility regulating water services separate institutions national level water basic regulatory commission defines criteria efficient service provision sets rules revision charge controlling application rules responsibility multi sector regulatory agency government aims improving performance water sector strengthening regulatory framework implementing technical assistance programs providing financial support promote modernization efficient management poor institutional framework national level improve coordination sector government supports private sector participation sector service provision municipalities responsible ensuring inhabitants given domestic services water supply efficient way public companies public utilities directly responsible service provision special cases defined law municipalities offer services directly rural areas marginal urban areas communal water boards offer water supply services years number companies increased direct service provision municipalities decreased process changing suppliers ownership structure municipal utilities transformed public stock corporations allow private sector participation change legal status suppliers public companies remainder direct municipal suppliers private companies official companies companies specialized water mixed companies authorized organizations smaller utilities included water service providers urban areas probably communal organizations providing services rural areas sector characterized high degree makes difficult realize economies scale according study solve problem creation regional companies suggested urban areas cities including largest ones served public utilities private sector plays important role including private mixed public private water companies urban service providers public utilities colombia larger cities home performing public utilities providing multiple services specialized water owned multi sector utility charge water supply solid waste management electricity generation distribution local telecommunications surrounding areas multi sector utility provides fixed line local internet water sewage electricity services clients suffered financially payment obligations resulting power purchase agreement signed capital colombia served water utility private sector participation private sector participation colombia water sector stable latin american countries private mixed public private water companies colombia including large medium small companies private sector involvement water sector began support important examples operators large extent overall performance utilities private sector participation improved cases impressive successes expanding coverage urban poor according report key success private sector participation water sector development solutions times adapting models particular circumstances culture colombia private participation infrastructure database shows private investment commitments water supply million transactions including classified concessions management lease contracts projects small towns urban areas smaller towns urban areas examples successful provision water supply services community organizations regional companies cases set example terms community empowerment transparency example regional association provides drinking water inhabitants municipalities del department founded non profit public limited company shareholders company del department regional del del municipalities served utility example del del water board southwestern outskirts manages residential connections offering continuous service users operates system treatment plant water consumption average monthly social special applied users consume annual cash surplus maintenance cases construction works way years water capture facility constructed river improved water tank capacity constructed example formed years ago integrating supply systems supplying residential connections association preparing water treatment plant preparing install meters aid organization rural associates rural areas coverage rural areas unusually low given level economic development sector development broad definition access based definition improved water source access rural areas colombia honduras considerably poorer country ecuador poorer country colombia addition armed conflict explanations situation municipalities tend use financial resources general participation system law mainly urban areas furthermore institution program national level offers technical assistance rural community organizations law assigns task departments carried task satisfactory way far rural confirms situation rural community organizations considered able carry maintenance commercially operate service issued bills government defined guidelines basic water supply policy rural areas increase coverage improve quality areas addition study published documented rural areas time needed drive water testing longer sample viable innovative approaches colombia pioneered innovative approaches basic service provision general water supply particular introduced national level initiated city region notable innovations national level introduction autonomous economic regulatory agencies develop fine tune regulatory tools water sector implement basic services introduction socio economic strata basis differentiated spatial municipal service providers small towns level benefit economies scale strong support national government notable innovation initiated city region creation mixed public private enterprises urban water supply begun followed northern central cities towns innovation association community based organizations providing water supply rural urban areas departments began late 1990s assistance order protect recover source strengthen capacity operate maintain water systems addition colombia boasts oldest largest multi utilities latin_america created efficiency average level non revenue water physical economic losses colombia estimated level higher latin american average approximately regulatory goal past national average non revenue water estimated largest cities country levels non revenue water national average financial aspects system defined applied public mixed private companies system aims achievement cost recovery protection poor basic calculated basis economic costs according defined national level law principle different municipalities differ local government decisions raise different costs services base service provider adjusted law different geographic areas city assumed correspond socio economic class according adjustment factors specified law system area based supposed provide cross subsidies affluent poorer users municipality defined geographic areas correspond socio economic classes class represents lowest income group class stands highest adjustment factors following citizens live areas corresponding classes live areas corresponding classes example population live zones classes live zones classified consequently system permanently causes require subsidies paid national government average water colombia increased equivalent increase average monthly bill residential customers water supply services free basic water inspired important cities colombia basic water vital available residents free charge cubic meters water month person cubic meters family available free urban residents class city wants reach households billion usd million finance free basic water associated awareness campaigns february introduced cubic meters free basic water household households classes covering million households households annual cost estimated billion usd million investment billion billion invested sector financed private sector private financing increased zero significant share total investment furthermore despite drop investment sector increased forecasts total investment billion billion water sector minister environment housing territorial development announced million billion spent order facilitate construction facilities areas access drinking water national government control destination resources guarantees transparency spending process according minister colombia reached drinking water coverage given past investments sector financing according ministry investments mainly financed sources self financing funding national government charges extraction petroleum carbon study estimates investment financed follows companies self financing state funding car sources according report average annual transfers national government municipalities water supply including solid waste funding allocated defined law certain percentage resources dedicated exclusively water supply mainly small municipalities low income levels municipalities use funding dedicated water supply purposes car receive property tax electric power utilities environmental charges water charges waste water external cooperation main external cooperation partners water sector supports sector dedicated water projects water components broader projects dedicated water projects services project environmental management project water infrastructure projects disaster vulnerability reduction phase rio carbon offset project river environmental services sustainable development investment project water supports sector usd million loan usd million loan approved information projects colombia colombia	Water supply and sanitation in Colombia	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
5447_GeographyofCroatia	geography croatia geography croatia defined location described balkans croatia territory covers km2 making largest country world bordered serbia east west hungary north montenegro adriatic_sea south lies latitudes territorial waters encompass square kilometres nautical miles wide zone internal waters located cover additional square kilometres represent major parts croatia bulk croatia elevations metres sea level recorded country found northern regions especially plain plains interspersed structures believed broken surface islands greatest concentration ground relatively high elevations found areas high areas found regions croatia extent contain highest mountain croatia metre mountains croatia higher metres croatia adriatic_sea mainland coast kilometres long islands encompass kilometres coastline coastline mediterranean topography makes half croatia especially prominent coastal areas islands croatia territory encompassed black_sea drainage basin area includes largest rivers flowing country danube remainder belongs adriatic_sea drainage basin largest river far croatia moderately warm rainy continental climate defined climate classification mean monthly temperature ranges croatia number climate country consequently europe types regions croatia mediterranean coast immediate alpine elevated danube continental remaining areas protected natural areas croatia encompassing country known species croatia total number species estimated permanent population croatia census reached million population density inhabitants square kilometre overall life croatia birth years country inhabited minorities include serbs recognised constitution counties established croatia divided counties capital city counties cities municipalities average rate croatia stands growing urban population rural population largest city nation capital urban population city metropolitan area population populations split exceed cities croatia populations area borders croatia territory covers square kilometres square miles making largest country world physical geography croatia defined location described balkans croatia borders serbia east west hungary north montenegro adriatic_sea south lies latitudes extreme south croatia separated rest mainland short coastline strip belonging croatia kilometre border hungary inherited yugoslavia border hungary follows river bed border dates middle ages border defined border later renamed treaty present outline kilometre border kilometre border montenegro largely result ottoman conquest subsequent recapture territories great turkish war formally ending treaty fifth seventh ottoman venetian wars border minor modifications borders yugoslav constituent defined commissions implementing decisions federal organisation yugoslavia commissions defined croatian territories set present day kilometre border serbia croatia river mouth north hungarian border section matched border existed end world war kilometre border defined commissions matching northwestern border establishing new section croatian border north peninsula according ethnic composition territory previously belonging treaty peace italy islands cities went communist yugoslavia croatia carving city state area north placed italian control rest yugoslav control arrangement permanent treaty yugoslav croatia largely area population ethnic composition late 19th century austria-hungary established network elevation determined adriatic_sea average level pier subsequently retained austria adopted yugoslavia kept states emerged dissolution including croatia extreme points geographical extreme points croatia northernmost point near county easternmost point near westernmost point archipelago southernmost point mainland peninsula southernmost point maritime claims italy yugoslavia defined continental shelf adriatic_sea additional agreement boundary signed accordance treaty successor states yugoslavia accepted agreements prior yugoslavia breakup albania italy yugoslavia initially proclaimed nautical mile territorial waters subsequently reduced international standard nautical miles sides adopted systems croatia declared extending continental shelf boundary croatia territorial waters encompass square kilometres internal waters located cover additional square kilometres border disputes maritime border disputes croatia started negotiations define maritime borders failed agree resulting dispute countries declared economic zones partially overlap croatia application member state initially suspended pending resolution border disputes eventually settled agreement accept decision international arbitration commission set enabling croatia progress membership dispute caused major practical problems areas membership negotiations progress arbitration agreement maritime boundary croatia formally settled issues contested peninsula border area croatia montenegro maritime boundary disputed peninsula situation exacerbated peninsula occupation later serbian army turn replaced united_nations observer mission lasted croatia took area agreement allowed presence croatian waters bay dispute far contentious independence montenegro land border disputes land border disputes comparatively small strips land croatia border disputes lower course claims river left bank peak exact territorial claims appear limited military barracks peak wants border current river bed instead claims largely completely piece land near claims likewise process settled binding arbitration land border disputes croatia serbia countries presently control bank present day river croatia claims border line follow borders municipalities danube defined yugoslav commission effectively following river bed borders claimed croatia include islands danube territory border dispute specifically croatia claims channel right bank border claims course border physical geography topography croatia elevations metres sea level recorded country found country northern regions especially representing areas elevations metres sea level encompass croatia territory areas metres sea level cover country land metres sea level croatia territory elevated greater metres sea level greatest concentration ground relatively high elevations found areas areas found regions croatia extent represent major parts croatia croatia adriatic_sea mainland coast kilometres long islands kilometres coastline distance extreme points croatia coastline kilometres number islands includes islands rocks sizes including ones emerging low tide largest islands adriatic covering square kilometres tallest reaching metres sea level islands include permanently inhabited ones populous shore coastline mediterranean majority coast characterised topography developed adriatic platform largely began final raising rock exposed atmospheric effects rain extended metres present sea level exposed sea level drop estimated formations related earlier drops sea level notably crisis eastern coast largest consists rocks rock significantly represented coast coast opposite north split small areas adriatic coast croatia notably river delta western gradually having sunk metres past years evidence area island addition volcanic islands earthquakes frequent area adriatic_sea faint felt earthquake significant damage happens decades major earthquakes centuries linked late recent times fold thrust belt alpine extending southeast southern alps croatia encompass entire regions considerable parts northeastern edge running metre region westernmost metre metre mountains contain highest mountain croatia metre mountains croatia higher metres feet topography makes half croatia especially prominent numerous caves croatia deeper metres deeper metres deeper metres longest cave croatia time longest cave metres took shape crust structures formed late structures visible mountains processes led formation chain basin intensified observed flood contemporary severed water flow black_sea formed basin sediments transported basin uplifting mountains particularly deep sediments deposited pleistocene formation ultimately metres sediment deposited basin sea eventually drained iron gate gorge results large plains eastern regions river valleys especially plains interspersed structures believed broken surface islands tallest metre metre north partially metre metre tallest mountains surrounding adjacent consist rocks adjacent consists recent rocks sediments rocks forming main kilometre ridge hill represent largest croatia smaller piece terrain present near mountains possibly remnants volcanic arc plate collision caused largest croatia territory encompassed black_sea drainage basin area includes largest rivers flowing country danube rest belongs adriatic_sea drainage basin largest river far longest rivers croatia kilometre kilometre kilometre kilometre section danube longest rivers adriatic_sea kilometre kilometre section largest lakes croatia square kilometre located northern square kilometre near square kilometre reservoir square kilometre lake near square kilometre reservoir flows near croatia famous lakes lakes system lakes connecting limestone lakes renowned distinctive colours ranging mint green grey blue croatia remarkable wealth terms wetlands included list internationally important wetlands rivers near confluence danube delta near average annual precipitation rates millimetres millimetres respectively taking consideration overall water balance total croatian water resources cubic metres year capita including cubic metres year capita sources inside croatia climate croatia moderately warm rainy continental climate defined climate classification mean monthly temperatures range january july parts country snowy forested climate found elevations metres areas croatia adriatic coast especially immediate characterized mediterranean climate temperatures sea consequently temperature peaks pronounced continental areas lowest temperature recorded february highest temperature recorded august mean annual precipitation millimetres depending geographic region prevailing climate type precipitation recorded outer islands eastern parts case growing season precipitation observed mountain range highest annual precipitation totals europe occur prevailing winds interior light moderate northeast southwest coastal area prevailing winds determined local area features higher wind recorded cooler months coast generally frequently parts country outer islands hours sunshine recorded year followed southern adriatic_sea area general northern adriatic coast hours sunshine year biodiversity croatia subdivided number climate country consequently richest europe terms biodiversity types regions croatia mediterranean coast immediate alpine danube continental remaining areas significant habitats include submerged barriers underground habitats geology produced approximately caves pits inhabited exclusively cave dwelling animals cave european forests significant country cover square kilometres representing croatia land surface habitat types include wetlands habitats coastal marine habitats terms croatia specifically central european provinces region adriatic province divides land croatia mixed forests mixed forests deciduous forests croatia include temperate mixed forest mediterranean forests woodlands croatia known taxa endemic actual number including species estimated estimate supported nearly new taxa invertebrates discovered croatia thousand endemic species especially mountains adriatic islands rivers legislation protects species indigenous plants breeds animals numerous include breeds horses breeds cattle breeds sheep breeds pigs breed indigenous breeds include endangered critically endangered ones croatian protected areas encompassing country include national parks strict reserves nature parks accounting total protected area famous protected area oldest national park croatia lakes national park nature park man strict special reserves national nature parks managed protected central government protected areas managed counties set step preparation membership joining network habitat destruction represents threat biodiversity croatia developed agricultural land expanded previous natural habitats habitat occurs roads created expanded threat biodiversity introduction invasive species identified especially problematic ones invasive algae monitored regularly removed protect benthic habitat agricultural identified threat biodiversity ecology ecological croatia population industry varies significantly country regions population resides nation territory particularly high impact city areas combined area comprises croatia territory encompassing population ecological notably increased development settlements sea coast leading habitat greatest changes land use artificially developed areas scale development compared member states public institution established government croatia collect information environment identified ecological problems degrees progress terms environmental impact problems include inadequate legal presence illegal authorized illegal period number issued waste management licenses doubled annual municipal solid waste volume increased reaching kilograms pounds capita processes soil organic matter degradation present croatia increasing soil levels river plain spreading areas soil croatian air pollution levels reflect drop industrial production recorded onset croatian war independence pre war levels reached use led reduction dioxide emissions drop rise emissions halted reversed use petrol reduced emissions lead atmosphere air quality measurements indicate air rural areas essentially clean urban centres generally legal requirements significant sources greenhouse gas emissions croatia energy production industry agriculture average annual increase emissions remaining protocol limits use substances reduced use expected abolished croatia sufficient water resources disposal uniformly distributed public water supply network losses remain high estimated number stations monitoring surface water pollution increased reported cases water pollution period time organic waste pollution levels decreased slightly attributed completion new sewage treatment plants number increased reaching total nearly croatia quality unlike available surface water quality varies terms oxygen demand water analysis results croatian population served public water supply system population access public network systems use adriatic_sea water quality monitoring indicated good conditions coast areas increased identified port near areas localized pollution identified near larger coastal cities period identified cases marine pollution including vessels drop relative period encompassed previous report august land use croatia occupied square kilometres forest square kilometres land diverse agricultural uses including square kilometres total permanent crops bush grass cover present square kilometres territory inland waters took square kilometres marshes covered square kilometres country artificial surfaces primarily consisting urban areas roads non agricultural vegetation sports areas recreational facilities took square kilometres country area greatest impetus land use changes expansion settlements road construction croatian war independence numerous minefields croatia largely tracing lines suspected minefields covered square kilometres remaining minefields situated forests found agricultural land found land expected clearance complete regions croatia traditionally divided numerous overlapping geographic regions borders clearly defined largest readily recognizable ones country described region largely corresponding west comprise inland continental croatia consists regions southern general area city southernmost tip country northern located north encompassing geographical regions generally conform county boundaries administrative divisions encompass specific geographic regions human geography demographics demographic features croatian population known normally conducted year intervals analysed statistical 1850s performed task 1990s latest census croatia performed april permanent population croatia census reached million population density inhabitants square kilometre overall life croatia birth years population rose steadily exception taken following world wars million peaked million croatia death rate continuously exceeded birth rate natural growth rate population currently negative croatia currently demographic transition fourth fifth stage terms age structure population dominated year old segment median age population gender ratio total population males female croatia inhabited minorities include serbs recognised constitution croatia demographic history croatia marked significant including arrival area growth hungarian german speaking population personal union croatia hungary joining set ottoman conquests growth italian speaking population venetian rule austria-hungary collapse hungarian population declined german speaking population forced fled world war similar fate suffered italian population late 19th century 20th century marked large scale economic abroad 1940s 1950s yugoslavia marked internal yugoslavia recent significant came result croatian war independence hundreds thousands displaced croatian language croatia official language languages recognised minorities officially local government units croatian native language identified population survey revealed claim knowledge foreign language english largest religions croatia roman catholicism orthodox christianity islam literacy croatia stands proportion population aged attaining academic degrees grown rapidly doubling reaching estimated spent education primary secondary education available croatian languages recognised minorities croatia universal health care system nation spent healthcare net monthly income september averaged significant sources employment wholesale retail trade manufacturing industry construction october unemployment rate croatia median equivalent household income tops average purchasing power standard countries joined trailing average census recorded total million private households owned housing political geography croatia subdivided counties middle ages divisions changed time reflect losses territory ottoman conquest subsequent liberation territory addition changes political status traditional division country counties abolished 1920s subsequent kingdom yugoslavia introduced respectively communist ruled croatia constituent post yugoslavia abolished earlier divisions introduced rural municipalities croatia approximately municipalities counties reintroduced legislation significantly altered terms territory relative subdivisions instance croatia divided counties seats legislation established counties territory established eponymous region acquired treaty croatian constitution provided government counties names number counties actually established chamber counties elected counties established croatia divided counties capital city having authority legal status county city time outside city separate county borders changed instances reasons historical ties requests cities latest revision taking place counties cities municipalities nuts division croatia performed tiers nuts level places entire country single unit nuts regions central eastern croatia encompasses counties adriatic coast includes city counties croatia includes remaining areas counties individual counties city represent nuts level subdivision units croatia nuts local administrative unit divisions divisions match counties city effect making nuts units subdivisions correspond cities municipalities croatia average rate croatia stands growing urban population rural population largest city nation capital urban population city metropolitan area encompasses additional settlements year population area reached approximately residents live metropolitan area croatia urban population cities split largest settlements croatian adriatic coast city population croatian cities exceeding people district status standalone settlement city large population cities populated	Geography of Croatia	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
7447_PostalcodesinCanada	postal codes canada canadian postal code character string forms postal address canada like british dutch canada postal codes format letter digit space separating fourth characters september postal codes forward areas newfoundland provides free postal code look tool website mobile application sells hard copy vendors sell tools allow customers properly match addresses postal codes hard copy consulted post offices libraries writing postal address location canada postal code follows province territory history city postal zones numbered postal zones toronto mail toronto address zone addressed format street west toronto ontario toronto divided zones numbered unused zone early 1960s cities canada divided postal zones including quebec montreal ottawa vancouver toronto example address vancouver addressed street vancouver late 1960s began implementing digit zone number scheme major cities replace existing digit zone numbers starting montreal toronto vancouver example address metropolitan toronto addressed bay street toronto ontario toronto renumbering took effect accompanied advertising campaign slogan number impending plans national postal code system announced begin new digit city zone system companies changed mail addressing expense find new prove short lived planning largest canadian cities growing 1950s 1960s volumes mail passing country postal system grew reaching 1950s tens mid-1960s consequently progressively difficult employees mail track individual letter carrier routes city new technology allowed mail delivered faster contributed pressure employees properly sort mail canada western countries nationwide postal code system report house_of_commons dealt expected impact environmental change operations following years key recommendation establishment task force determine nature adopt include design postal code implementation december communications minister announced character postal code introduced digit zone system later report february entitled canadian public address postal system submitted firm simpson introduction postal code test ottawa april ottawa followed provincial level system system gradually implemented rest country nationwide use code end cent introduction code system allowed speed easily flow mail country machines able handle objects hour automated system initially conceived relevant unions objected mainly wages ran new automated machines lower hand mail unions ended staging job action public information campaigns message want people business use postal codes mail union declared march national boycott postal code day demanding reduction work week hours boycott called february advertisement toronto magazine generated controversy showing man writing postal code woman following use postal codes thing don got include advertisement denounced garbage house_of_commons prompting apology components postal code forward areas forward area geographical region postal codes start characters letter code denotes particular postal district outside quebec ontario corresponds entire province territory owing quebec ontario large populations provinces sub divided postal districts respectively urban area populous dedicated postal district region toronto hand low populations mean separated territory continue share postal district digit urban rural zero indicates wide area rural region indicate urban areas second letter represents specific rural region entire medium sized city section major metropolitan area provided divided separate articles postal district individual lists format numbers known zones going table second letter going table lists specify communities covered rural medium sized cities dedicated larger cities limits spanning city city allocated codes listed cities small number lists specify relative location cities cities large number applicable specified local delivery units characters denote local delivery unit denotes specific single address range addresses correspond entire small town significant medium sized town single city block larger cities single large building portion large single large institution university hospital business receives large volumes mail regular basis ending zero correspond postal facilities post offices small retail postal outlets way plants urban areas specific postal carriers routes rural areas direct door door delivery available describe set post office boxes rural route exclusively rural characters usually assigned order community refers large regional distribution centre facilities appearing regional appeared purely local mail kingston ontario area number possible postal codes postal codes include letters position use letters means maximum number available possible theoretical limit million postal codes practical limit bit lower reserves special functions test promotional purposes mail bound destinations outside canada current estimate active postal codes represents entire postal code space leaving ample room expansion uses refer process replaces rural postal code code zero second character urban postal codes vacated rural postal code assigned community retired decides certain community population reaches certain level different factors involved example early postal code covering catherine sur postal codes beginning remove caused similar street names unique province wide districts new_brunswick postal district completely rural codes having phased staff montreal office noticing considerable number letters addressed entering postal system letters treated employees handling letters want writers young children disappointed lack response started answering letters mail sent increased christmas point established official letter response program santa mail handled assistance thousand volunteers current postal workers multiple locations canada average hours seasonal task approximately million letters addressed christmas including originating outside canada answered language written introduced special address mail complete postal code canada french santa translates father christmas addressed canada postal code chosen special seasonal use reads prefix indicates small rural village designate montreal second largest city canada prefix completely assigned international tribal reserve canada border postal code active use dragged ongoing arctic sovereignty debate support canadian territorial claims extending response attacks conservative parliamentary secretary prime minister time leader party liberals stated knows canadian postal code transition points transition mail civilian postal codes corresponding military post offices canadian soil depending final destination victoria halifax belleville postal codes represent number military post offices abroad specified postal code number case corresponding physical virtual delivery unit mail delivered locally actual delivery units canadian military bases ships abroad slot box forces belleville canada example deliver belleville continue transport germany means timing military appropriate alternate uses postal codes information health create geographic profile area population instance postal codes compare children risk developing cancer describe neighbourhood entrenched poverty vancouver downtown canada postal code canadian electoral districts frequently follow postal code areas citizens identify local elected representative postal code provincial federal government websites offer online look feature based postal codes displayed generic code purpose actually genuine postal code use newfoundland common example code materials valid code office building ottawa	Postal codes in Canada	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
7995_DemographicsofNewZealand	demographics new_zealand demographics new_zealand encompass gender ethnic religious geographic economic backgrounds million people living new_zealand new informally known predominantly live urban areas largest cities country population largest island new_zealand archipelago wellington hamilton new live new_zealand smaller islands near easily populated smaller island residents great barrier island chatham islands populations new_zealand realm people born realm external territories ross entitled new_zealand people identified islands lived new_zealand islands majority new_zealand population european descent percent identify new zealand european indigenous largest minority percent followed percent percent reflected immigration new migrants coming britain ireland numbers asia increasing estimated new lived abroad australia representing nearly quarter highly skilled workforce largest people percent population diverse region new_zealand percent identifying europeans percent asian percent percent ethnicity population aged years diverse percent european percent percent pacific percent asian population aged years older percent european percent percent asian percent pacific recent increases marriages resulted people identifying ethnic group estimates based census new_zealand classify population new_zealand population asian nations asia origin including dependent states new_zealand pacific individuals latin american african descent approximately quarters population new_zealand census european ethnicity english official languages english predominant new_zealand english non sounds similar australian english common exception short language undergone process spoken percent population new_zealand adult literacy rate percent half population aged hold qualification adult population percent bachelor degree higher percent form secondary qualification highest qualification percent formal qualification census half population identify christians buddhism islam significant minority religions new_zealand state religion population religion farming major occupation new_zealand people employed sales assistants new earn wage salary income median personal income unemployment stood percent new new_zealand citizen informal commonly internationally locals derives native bird national symbol new_zealand usually refers new european descent reject use refer non new people born new_zealand realm external territories ross new_zealand citizens conditions apply born onwards population new_zealand estimated population million recorded census median child age fertility rate woman populations median age fertility rate age standardized mortality rate deaths infant mortality rate total population deaths live life new_zealand child born years females years males life birth forecast increase years years infant mortality expected decline population forecast reach million median age rise years years percentage people years age older rising percent percent early migration new_zealand males females following changes migration patterns modern longevity advantage women females came males males female males dominating years females dominating years older range geographic locations quarters population live percent total population living region region fastest growing accounting percent new_zealand total population growth live percent quarter percent live new_zealand predominantly urban country percent population living urban area percent population live main urban areas population percent live largest cities wellington hamilton approximately percent population live different categories rural areas defined percent rural population live areas high urban influence roughly people square kilometre working main urban area rural areas moderate urban influence population density people square kilometre account percent rural population areas low urban influence majority residents work rural area house approximately percent rural population remote rural areas density person square kilometre account percent rural population vast majority population live main new_zealand major inhabited smaller islands great barrier island chatham people residents thirds living spread islands resident population respectively time cook lived new_zealand migration east people reach new_zealand followed early european explorers notably explored new_zealand times mapped coastline following treaty country british colony immigrants predominantly britain ireland australia restrictive policies similar white australian policies limitations placed non european immigrants gold rush period 1880s large number young men came california victoria new_zealand apart british irish north germans italian chinese chinese sent special percent percent significant dutch italian german immigration indirect european immigration australia north_america south_america south_africa following great depression policies relaxed diversity increased target migrants set plus tolerance percent new_zealand population census born overseas percent percent half percent new_zealand overseas born population lives including percent country born population percent asian born population percent born population late 2000s asia overtook british isles largest source overseas migrants today percent overseas born new_zealand residents born asia mainly china india philippines south_korea compared percent born ireland number fee paying international students increased sharply late 1990s studying public institutions eligible entry skilled plan applicants assessed approved doctor good health provide police certificate prove good character speak sufficient english migrants working mainly health registered appropriate profession body work area skilled migrants assessed applicants believe contribute issued residential potential issued work resident work residency process applicants given temporary work permit years eligible apply residency applicants job offer new_zealand employer cultural sporting talent looking work long term skill shortage establish business apply work residency new live new_zealand significant abroad estimated percent international total new_zealand born quarters new_zealand born population residing outside new_zealand live australia communities new abroad concentrated english speaking countries specifically united_kingdom united_states canada smaller numbers located nearly quarter new_zealand highly skilled workers live overseas australia britain developed nation educated professionals europe lesser developed countries recently migrated new_zealand common new job offer tier general grants year initial stay country later extended years years person apply permanent residency popular option known youth mobility scheme grants new year rights live work ethnicity new_zealand society home people different national origins originally composed solely arrived thirteenth century ethnic makeup population dominated mid 19th century new european descent settlers brought diseases population immunity 1890s population approximately percent size pre contact large number children born mixed especially chiefs forced huge numbers slave women children prostitution visiting sailors french captain described chief forcing upwards girls young women crew new british irish ancestry smaller european french dutch scandinavian german census percent identified european percent major ethnic groups include asian percent pacific peoples percent percent identified simply new similar percent identified contrasts census reported population new_zealand percent european percent asian pacific minorities sharing remaining percent census new_zealand estimated population new_zealand population nations asia origin including dependent states new_zealand pacific individuals latin american african descent largest people cent population largest total people cent descent know group migrated developed distinct culture population disease brought european second surviving known dying people identifying having increased number recent years diverse region new_zealand percent identifying europeans percent asian percent percent recent increases marriages resulted new_zealand population asian pacific descent growing higher rate european descent percent people identified ethnic group compared percent ethnic diversity new_zealand projected increase europeans including new remain largest group predicted fall percent asian pacific groups fastest growing increase percent percent percent respectively ethnicity population aged years june percent european percent percent pacific percent asian population aged years older consisted percent european percent percent asian percent pacific maps people census area unit identifying european asian pacific defined people identify multiple groups cumulative language english predominant language new_zealand spoken percent population new_zealand english non exception southern found principally parts similar australian english speakers unable tell accents apart new_zealand english short kit leading phrase fish chips sounding like australian ear words rarely reel real doll pull pool witch fill pronounced new past grown thrown syllables throne pronounced new reply question emphasise point adding rising end sentence parliament keen taught english time missionary schools taught trend enforced early 20th century consisted highly qualified western educated graduates believed learning english help integrate modern world previously lived mainly isolated rural areas migrated urban areas speakers discouraged speaking language schools work places existed community language remote areas recently undergone process declared official language spoken percent population language schools channels nationwide television channels majority prime time content delivered places officially given dual english names recent years widely spoken non official language percent followed french hindi northern chinese approximately people new_zealand official language education education follows tier model includes primary schools followed secondary schools high schools education universities ranked new_zealand education seventh highest published human development index based data listed new_zealand tied denmark finland australia primary secondary schooling compulsory children aged children starting early leaving granted year old students experiencing ongoing difficulties school unlikely benefit continued attendance parents home school children obtain approval prove child taught regularly registered school school years attending state public schools nominally free person fifth birthday end calendar year following 19th birthday academic year new_zealand varies institutions generally runs late january mid december primary secondary schools late february mid november universities new_zealand adult literacy rate percent half population aged hold qualification adult population percent bachelor degree higher percent form secondary qualification highest qualification percent formal qualification religion christianity predominant religion new_zealand half population regular church attendance probably closer percent census percent population identified christians percent indicated religion percent percent affiliated religions immigrants percent non christian religions traditional religion percent immigrant percent immigrant exceptions traditional religion indigenous population arrival missionaries early 19th century population converting christianity identify traditional beliefs main christian denominations significant numbers christians identify baptist day saint churches new_zealand based church adherents according census figures significant minority religions include buddhism islam new_zealand state religion freedom religion protected signing treaty income new_zealand early economy based sealing gold native timber 1880s agricultural products highest export farming major occupation new_zealand farming major employer people indicating farming occupation census dairy farming recently taken sheep largest sector largest occupation recorded census sales assistant people people wages salaries percent sources income interest investments percent self employment percent new_zealand lowest capita income developed nations surveyed estimated gross domestic product purchasing power capita roughly thirty highest countries median personal income largest increases median income men women highest median personal income people identifying european ethnic group lowest asian ethnic group median income people identifying unemployment peaked percent falling record low percent ranking fifth seven comparable nations unemployment rose percent late percent june quarter census reported proportion people source income number people receiving unemployment benefit dropped percent new form voluntary work women volunteer percent males percent home ownership declined percent percent	Demographics of New Zealand	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
9045_GeographyofNewfoundlandandLabrador	geography newfoundland newfoundland easternmost province canada separates province geographical divisions island newfoundland province includes seven thousand small islands easternmost canadian shield vast area ancient rock comprising northeastern north_america plates shaped geology newfoundland reputation outstanding example work designated newfoundland west coast extension fauna typical similar areas north_america island newfoundland considerably fewer mammals native amphibians north south extent province prevalent westerly winds cold ocean currents local factors mountains coastline combine create climates province classified polar climate southern considered climate newfoundland considered cool summer humid continental climate provincial capital located extreme eastern edge island peninsula half province economy based abundant natural resources notably petroleum minerals forestry fishery physical geography newfoundland roughly triangular approximately kilometers having area square kilometers newfoundland associated small islands total area square kilometers newfoundland extends latitudes irregular shape western border quebec drainage divide lands drained rivers flow atlantic_ocean rest belongs quebec extreme northern tip shares short border area including associated small islands square kilometers newfoundland canada area island newfoundland separated kilometres long kilometres wide addition island newfoundland province larger islands total area square kilometres smaller islands total area square kilometres geology large island newfoundland extension system major bays river systems mountain ranges typically oriented southwest northeast parallel eastern island peninsula folded rocks rock southwestern europe million years ago oldest rocks small remnants rocks occur coast conception bay good example gently sloping rock plateau averages metres sea level rest island composed great variety rocks origin west coast lie formed elongated block earth crust rises metres sea level island eastern margin continental north_america island highest points located mountain range east depression kilometers wide occupied grand lake main plateau central island sea ancient heavily eroded water ice steep solitary rock called newfoundland known metres generally flat terrain remnants higher landscape level glaciers helped shape left evidence newfoundland large blocks stone called glacial left scattered landscape long narrow lakes west coast notably resulted glacial erosion lack good soil parts island result effect glaciers recent ice age newfoundland nickname rock partially result ice ages noteworthy aspects newfoundland geology result constant movement plates approximately million years ago action plates forced parts oceanic crust beneath eastern margin north american plate sections oceanic crust continental crust known designated best places world effects plate places rocks formed crust upper mantle earth seen notable geology site mistaken point rocks containing probably oldest fossils north_america ancient deep water marine fossils world found preserved layers volcanic ash easternmost canadian shield composed ancient rocks interior averages metres sea level cut large east flowing rivers tributaries northern coast largely mountainous mountains dominate area highest peak metres created preserve area subdivided distinct geographical regions called newfoundland divided southern newfoundland typical lacks plant animal life characteristic ice age island newfoundland completely covered glaciers swept clean life species able island glaciers retreated years ago considered native similarly freshwater fish capable surviving swam island native mammals newfoundland home snakes large woodland found barren interior regions island animals resident newfoundland declared extinct great newfoundland wolf subspecies gray wolf duck believed north american bird species recorded extinct rare plants insects occur island west coast island supports plant species rare species long endemic newfoundland small perennial herbs family found narrow strip land extending approximately kilometers extreme western portion great northern peninsula habitat population low habitat loss gravel researchers found populations long populations researchers focused types disturbances affect long term viability populations province newfoundland partners studying rare plant flora island newfoundland announced recovery plan species plants animals introduced newfoundland chance deliberately hare american red eastern masked brought island specific wildlife introduced dominant island unusual experiment conducted involved relocating small herd animals thought died rats mice unintentionally introduced escaped fur farms recent addition fauna newfoundland got island debated wildlife officials probable crossed ice 1980s newfoundland native amphibians frogs introduced island 1860s century later marine waters province considered sub arctic nature great deal coastline rock allowing extensive variety plant animal life thrive leading plants shoreline large brown winged sugar number red green present common animals region include common blue sea sea sea rock crabs deeper waters home variety fish atlantic sharks marine mammals seen newfoundland include pilot fin seals usually found spring giving birth young coastal ice zone long cold winters short warm summers precipitation low soil meter ground deeper permanently frozen allow water drain easily soil collects shallow pools trees shrubs roots grow low shrubs small plants found instead common mammals barren ground arctic wolf arctic fox arctic hare occasional sightings near northerly point polar bear dominant occasional visitor coastal newfoundland especially spring birds migrate spring lay eggs raise young returning south winter including common duck common american permanent home characterized low winter temperatures longer growing season precipitation soils typically lacking important nutrients nitrogen dominated coniferous trees notably fir black spruce deciduous white birch mountain ash present common animals american black bear canada red fox pine short tailed american river thrive rivers streams wetlands willow common raven inhabit forests southern golden eagles rough legged hawks nest steep cliffs climate province divided seven climate types broader terms newfoundland considered cool summer humid continental climate greatly influenced sea island kilometers ocean classified polar climate southern considered climate monthly average temperatures rainfall snowfall communities shown attached john represents east coast interior island west coast island interior detailed information information communities province available government website data making average taken thirty years error bars temperature indicate range daytime highs night time lows snowfall total fell month accumulated ground distinction particularly important heavy snowfall followed rain snow remains ground surface water temperatures atlantic reaches summer average offshore winter lows offshore sea temperatures west coast warmer atlantic approximately sea keeps winter temperatures slightly higher summer temperatures little lower coast places inland maritime climate produces variable weather ample precipitation variety forms greater humidity lower visibility clouds sunshine higher winds continental climate effects seen climate differs island north interior effects ocean weather systems affecting newfoundland usually originate west mainland canada southwest east coast united_states cyclonic storms consist area low atmospheric pressure characterized inward winds rotate counter clockwise northern hemisphere storms passing south island bring strong northeasterly winds sweeping open storms referred responsible worst newfoundland weather high winds sweeping large surface ocean build large waves frequency severity storms greatest november march occur time year storms independence hurricane struck eastern newfoundland september sailors british isles reported drowned violent storm february drilling rig capsized sank kilometers east entire man crew perished making worst canadian marine disaster decades newfoundland strongest winds provinces places having average annual wind speeds kilometers hour mph freezing rain common newfoundland known silver freezing freezing rain occurs average hours winter commonly march storm struck april lasted days ice centimeters thick disrupted electrical power people peninsula days newfoundland receives hours sunshine year lower canadian average hours summer months average hours sun december average hours newfoundland known fog occurs spring early summer contrast sea air temperatures days fog year fog newfoundland frequently accompanied strong onshore winds usually winds disperse fog fog widespread occur weather extremes major canadian cities days halifax centimeters centimeters millimeters halifax millimeters mph average speed regina mph hours sunshine hours winters canada city victoria vancouver freezing rain days major canadian city fresh water shallow soil bedrock deeply scored glaciers responsible numerous lakes ponds short swift flowing rivers scattered newfoundland area freshwater newfoundland square kilometers covering total surface area province accounting freshwater area canada ocean west coast newfoundland borders coasts face atlantic_ocean coast borders atlantic_ocean isle connects channel separating newfoundland mainland canada separates newfoundland nova scotia continental shelf newfoundland known cold current warm meet making area richest fishing grounds world areas area significant petroleum production white rose nova oil fields located pack ice approximately north_atlantic come producing glaciers greenland coast detached glaciers transported southward approximately medium large annually greenland glaciers depending wind air water temperature far south north latitude commonly seen waters newfoundland spring early summer despite size newfoundland average kilometers day average mass area thousand tonnes represent significant threat shipping shore oil platforms hazard aggravated dense fog area half year waters newfoundland covered sea ice pack ice composed fresh water pack ice frozen sea water severity ice varies considerably depending strength direction wind air temperature pack ice newfoundland northern eastern shores originates pack ice west coast comes sea originates beginning january pack ice begins advance south borne usually april rate melting rate advance ice northward leading edge pack ice known important annual seal hunt newfoundland north coast time zones newfoundland located unique time zone north_america half hour ahead half hours ahead hours ahead west coast country operates coast norman bay newfoundland time natural resources currency canadian dollars exploitation natural resources major economic geography newfoundland gross domestic product newfoundland approximately fourteen billion dollars service industries accounted billion resource based activities mining oil production fishery forest based industries paper mills accounted remainder minerals petroleum mines iron ore new bay produced total billion worth ore new duck pond kilometers south closed started producing copper silver gold new ore bodies continues mining accounted provincial province produces canada total iron ore producing dimension stone slate granite account million worth material year oil production offshore oil platforms white rose nova oil fields grand banks million barrels contributed provinces total production field million barrels estimated value billion remaining reserves estimated billion barrels december exploration new reserves ongoing fishing fishing industry remains important provincial economy employing contributing million combined harvest fish herring tonnes tons valued million crab shrimp accounted tonnes tons value million year value products seal hunt million new industry province produced tonnes atlantic salmon worth million forestry produced paper mill capacity tonnes tons year march second located economic crisis mill shut value exports varies greatly year year depending global market price lumber produced numerous mills newfoundland agriculture agriculture newfoundland limited areas south near soil unsuitable farming potatoes known locally grown local consumption wild harvested commercially jams wine making human geography newfoundland population estimate population density km2 provincial capital population located extreme eastern edge island peninsula cities human newfoundland traced years people maritime archaic tradition gradually displaced people finally island oldest known european contact thousand years ago briefly settled meadows years later european explorers fishermen england portugal france spain remains stations found red bay newfoundland began exploration exploitation area early european primarily england ireland france settlement newfoundland confined coast rich fishery grand banks shore island primary reason settlements rugged shoreline provided small isolated conduct fishery populous island best developed system early roads trails transportation communities parts coast especially south coast port exclusively boat communities accessible roads provincial road system defunct built 19th century development lead copper paper mill early 20th century marked beginning settlement interior island despite developments majority population found coast settlement followed similar pattern interior settled 20th century development iron ore mines hydroelectric generation military base bay peoples include newfoundland group extinct early 19th century	Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
10062_EmigrantTrailinWyoming	wyoming path followed california trail trail collectively referred trail spans miles state wyoming trail entered nebraska eastern border state near present day town exited western border near towns estimated settlers traveled trail wyoming trails follow path state splits fort enters utah oregon continue idaho eastern plains trail follows wyoming trail follows river upstream prominent military trading post region prior northern river thought impassable wagon trains traveling northern river nebraska undertake dangerous crossing fort crossing trains main trail south river cross miles upstream wagon trains successfully path northern river new route reduced risk expense crossing river twice preferred subsequent traffic northern river northern route called child route describe guide book published child route follows present day town douglas near site built point turned north gold fields montana 1860s southern route follows river edge area near current towns emigration established ferry near present day known year ferry moved miles ferry free day saints charged toll users ferry manned groups summer built toll bridge near ferry site eventually ferries business built bridge near site original built trading post end bridge eventually fort famous landmarks southern route included number locations trail wyoming settlers carved names continuing upstream north bends south original trail proceeded miles river bend river formed natural dominated red cliffs hill river easier ford unwilling unable pay cross ferries downstream good camp spot leaving river entering stretch settlers entered difficult portion called rock avenue moved spring spring soil steep hills reached later settlers crossed northern river come favor route small valley called gap headed directly rock avenue bypassing arrival valley trail encounters important landmarks trail named settlers tried reach july independence day united_states order help ensure destinations california oregon winter come travelers left names rock carved painted axle estimated signatures inscribed notable landmarks valley include devil gate martin cove november stranded heavy snow rescue party salt_lake_city arrived trail continues west eventually crossing river times including times miles section narrow canyon prior 6th crossing trail crossed unusual location known ice covering like vegetation grew small stream stream winter didn early summer layer vegetation ice welcome treat settlers enduring temperatures july trail crosses times encounters large hill known northern river barren rocky section lasted miles considered major obstacle trail storm november stranded eastern ridge arrive people died freezing temperatures following trail descends time valley ninth final crossing burnt ranch new route named established southern river named referred indians split main trail 6th crossing rejoined bypassing river crossings advantage early spring summer high runoff route extensively 1850s especially companies immediately crossing burnt ranch trail crosses continental divide important landmark entire trail south pass open saddle north south represented major milestone trip congress created included territory wyoming west crossing south pass meant settlers truly arrived ultimate destination great distance away nearby offered water trail left marked beginning relatively dry stretch trail settlers reached miles away sandy river trail moves southwest alongside short distance west intersect creek small stream tributary turn flows true water level varied depending time year dry south dry sandy ford trail split major sections main route continues south proceeds west directly valleys bypassing point trails known parting ways miles south main trail little sandy secondary path leads little sandy station based emigration period main trail goes ford near present day town trail proceeds northern confluence risky travelers number ferries operating including fort continuing main trail crosses near followed fort established legendary partner vital post welcome rest particularly difficult journey established settlers destined oregon low livestock supplies bypass longer trip point splits oregon trail california trail good continues southwest crossing utah south current town trails turn proceed northwest crossing valley western state trail meets near rejoined trails follow upstream idaho heading fort hall opened led mountain men old kind california recommended wagon trail west cross miles desert territory cross ridge completely bypassing crossing route shaved miles days main route decision cross nearly miles reaching taken lightly settlers decide time health livestock traveler wrote lay preparing crossing cut green river distance miles set journey landed green river distance 19th hours drive route reached height popularity 1850s desire speed california gold fields risks route named popular guide book trail individual named told route popular myth popularity guide book 1850s cemented scholars today original main route ferries operated crossed near present day town early settlers crossed barely water low later offered safer alternative nearby located mile upstream mountain man ferry operated days west ford namesake prominent recording area signatures carvings notable signature unclear signature authentic known hill features native american secondary named breaks main trail near ferry meets slate creek ridge route slightly longer advantage miles endured trail road located north main trail fort hall bypassed fort miles shorter fort hall built supervision federal contractors federally sponsored roads west road officially called fort south pass honey lake road federally funded attempt improve oregon california trails little proposed route near present states nevada california border improved direction improving holes work ceased road section federally funded road future states wyoming idaho expeditions command surveyed new route starting following crossing turned west road followed river north turning west crossing continental divide north road crossed utah near present town wyoming passing feet near head grey river crosses high pass descending wyoming trail entered miles south present town wyoming road continued north miles west turning west creek near present town auburn wyoming passing present state idaho following valley miles northwest idaho section trail accessible path main road wyoming highway goes canyon crossing range road split turning ninety degrees progressing southwest idaho alternately heading west passing south lake national wildlife refuge fort hall idaho road good grass fishing water wood high rough steep places later moving stock summer grazing markets maps road wyoming idaho national trail map information visit wyoming crossing lush wyoming instead south route provided ample wood grass water travelers cut nearly days total travel time wagon trains going fort hall despite better conditions livestock mountainous terrain unpredictable weather passage difficult required continuing federally funded maintenance mountainous road sure thing american civil war funds appropriated men hired utah completed road wyoming idaho days clearing timber moving cubic yards earth road opened extensively records lacking use period assumed sharply decrease fast faster today road roughly followed series county roads	Emigrant Trail in Wyoming	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
10363_Nature	nature nature sense natural physical material world universe nature refer phenomena physical world life general study nature large science humans nature human activity understood separate category natural phenomena word nature derived latin word essential qualities innate disposition ancient times literally meant birth latin translation greek word originally related characteristics plants animals features world develop accord concept nature physical universe expansions original notion began certain core applications word pre philosophers steadily gained currency usage continued advent modern scientific method centuries uses word today nature refers geology wildlife nature refer general realm living plants animals cases processes associated objects way particular types things exist change accord weather geology earth taken mean natural environment wilderness wild animals rocks forest general things substantially altered human intervention persist despite human intervention example manufactured objects human interaction generally considered nature qualified example human nature nature traditional concept natural things found today implies distinction natural artificial artificial understood brought human consciousness human mind depending particular context term natural distinguished unnatural supernatural earth earth planet known support life natural features subject fields scientific research solar system closest sun largest terrestrial planet fifth largest overall prominent climatic features large polar regions relatively narrow temperate zones wide tropical subtropical region precipitation varies widely location metres water year millimetre percent earth surface covered salt water oceans remainder consists continents islands inhabited land earth evolved geological biological processes left traces original conditions outer surface divided gradually migrating plates interior remains active thick layer plastic mantle iron filled core generates magnetic field iron core composed solid inner phase fluid outer phase convective motion core generates electric currents action turn generate field atmospheric conditions significantly altered original conditions presence life forms create ecological balance surface conditions despite wide regional variations climate latitude geographic factors long term average global climate stable periods variations degree average global temperature historically major effects ecological balance actual geography earth geology geology science study solid liquid matter constitutes earth field geology encompasses study composition structure physical properties dynamics history earth materials processes formed moved changed field major academic discipline important mineral extraction knowledge natural hazards engineering fields understanding past climates environments geological evolution geology area time rock units deposited inserted processes change shapes locations rock units deposition surface rock deposition occur sediments settle surface earth later rock volcanic material volcanic ash lava flows blanket surface push upwards rock initial sequence rocks deposited rock units deformed typically occurs result horizontal shortening horizontal extension strike slip motion structural regimes broadly relate boundaries boundaries transform boundaries respectively plates historical perspective earth estimated formed billion years ago solar sun planets moon formed roughly million years later initially outer layer earth cooled resulting solid crust volcanic activity produced atmosphere water came ice delivered produced oceans water sources highly energetic chemistry believed produced self billion years ago continents formed broke reformed surface earth hundreds millions years occasionally combining roughly million years ago earliest known began break apart continents later form broke apart million years ago finally broke apart million years ago era covered earth glaciers ice sheets hypothesis termed earth particular interest explosion life forms began million years ago explosion distinctly identifiable mass mass extinction occurred million years ago collision probably triggered extinction non large reptiles spared small animals mammals past million years life million years ago species small african gained ability stand upright subsequent advent human life development agriculture civilization allowed humans affect earth rapidly previous life form affecting nature quantity organisms global climate comparison produced algae period required million years present era classified mass extinction event extinction event fastest occurred harvard_university predict human destruction cause extinction half species years extent current extinction event researched debated calculated atmosphere climate weather earth atmosphere key factor sustaining ecosystem thin layer gases earth held place gravity air nitrogen oxygen water smaller amounts carbon dioxide etc atmospheric pressure declines steadily altitude layer plays important role radiation reaches surface dna readily damaged light serves protect life surface atmosphere retains heat night reducing daily temperature extremes terrestrial weather occurs exclusively lower atmosphere serves convective system heat ocean currents important factor determining climate particularly major underwater circulation heat energy oceans polar regions currents help moderate differences temperature winter summer temperate zones heat energy ocean currents atmosphere tropics polar regions colder weather beneficial harmful effects extremes weather tornadoes hurricanes cyclones large amounts energy paths produce devastation surface vegetation evolved dependence seasonal variation weather sudden changes lasting years dramatic effect vegetation animals depend growth food climate measure long term trends weather factors known influence climate including ocean currents surface greenhouse gases variations solar changes earth orbit based historical records earth known undergone drastic climate changes past including ice ages climate region depends number factors especially latitude band surface similar climatic attributes forms climate region number regions ranging tropical climate equator polar climate northern southern extremes weather influenced seasons result earth axis relative plane given time summer winter earth directly exposed rays sun exposure earth revolves orbit given time regardless season northern southern experience opposite seasons weather chaotic system readily modified small changes environment accurate weather limited days overall things happening worldwide temperature increasing average regional climates undergoing noticeable changes water earth water chemical substance composed hydrogen oxygen vital known forms life typical usage water refers liquid form state substance solid state ice state water steam water covers earth surface earth found oceans large water bodies water ground air clouds precipitation oceans hold surface water glaciers polar ice caps land surface water rivers lakes ponds additionally minute earth water contained biological bodies manufactured products oceans ocean major body water principal component approximately earth surface area million square kilometers covered ocean continuous body water divided principal oceans smaller seas half area meters feet deep average oceanic parts thousand nearly range generally recognized separate oceans waters comprise global body salt water referred global ocean concept global ocean continuous body water relatively free interchange parts fundamental importance major oceanic divisions defined continents criteria divisions descending order size pacific_ocean atlantic_ocean indian_ocean smaller regions oceans called seas bays names salt lakes smaller bodies notable examples salt lakes great salt lake lakes lake latin terrain feature physical feature body liquid surface world localized basin type terrain feature global moves slowly moves earth body water considered lake inland ocean larger deeper pond fed river world earth known harbor lakes saturn largest moon lakes likely mixed known lakes fed rivers surface carved numerous river beds natural lakes earth generally found mountainous areas rift zones areas ongoing recent lakes found basins courses mature rivers parts world lakes chaotic drainage patterns left ice age lakes temporary time scales slowly fill sediments spill basin containing ponds pond body standing water natural man usually smaller lake wide variety man bodies water classified ponds including water gardens designed aesthetic ornamentation fish ponds designed commercial fish breeding solar ponds designed store thermal energy ponds lakes distinguished streams current speed currents streams easily observed ponds lakes possess driven micro currents moderate wind driven currents features distinguish pond aquatic terrain features stream pools tide pools rivers river natural usually freshwater flowing ocean lake sea river cases river simply flows ground completely reaching body water small rivers called names including stream creek brook general rule defines called river names small rivers specific geographic location example burn scotland england river said larger creek case language river cycle water river generally collected precipitation surface runoff springs release stored water natural ice glaciers streams stream flowing body water current confined bed stream banks united_states stream classified feet metres wide streams important water cycle instruments serve corridors fish wildlife migration biological habitat immediate vicinity stream called zone given status ongoing extinction streams play important corridor role connecting fragmented habitats biodiversity study streams waterways general involves branches inter disciplinary natural science engineering including aquatic ecology fish biology ecology ecosystems ecosystems composed variety components function way structure composition determined environmental factors variations factors initiate dynamic modifications ecosystem important components soil atmosphere radiation sun water living organisms central ecosystem concept idea living organisms interact element local environment founder ecology stated unit includes organisms community given area interacting physical environment flow energy leads clearly defined structure diversity material cycles exchange materials living parts system ecosystem ecosystem species connected dependent food chain exchange energy matter environment human ecosystem concept grounded human nature premise species integrated constituents smaller unit size called example stone life involve drainage basin wilderness wilderness generally defined areas significantly modified human activity wilderness areas found preserves estates farms conservation preserves national forests national parks urban areas rivers undeveloped areas wilderness areas protected parks considered important survival certain species ecological studies conservation recreation nature writers believe wilderness areas vital human spirit creativity consider wilderness areas integral earth self sustaining natural ecosystem preserve historic genetic traits provide habitat wild flora fauna difficult recreate laboratories life universal agreement definition life scientists generally accept biological manifestation life characterized organization growth adaptation response reproduction life said simply characteristic state organisms properties common terrestrial organisms plants animals fungi bacteria cellular carbon water based complex organization having capacity grow respond reproduce entity properties generally considered life definition life considers properties essential human life considered life earth outer shell including land surface rocks water air atmosphere life occurs processes turn alter transform point view global ecological system integrating living beings relationships including interaction elements rocks water atmosphere air entire earth contains billion tons pounds kilograms life lives environments tenths total earth plant life animal life depends heavily existence million species plant animal life identified date estimates actual number existing species range million million number individual species life constantly degree new species appearing exist continual basis total number species rapid decline evolution origin life earth understood known occurred billion years ago earth substantially different environment found present life forms possessed basic traits self traits life appeared process evolution natural selection resulted development diverse life forms species unable adapt changing environment competition life forms extinct fossil record retains evidence older species current fossil dna evidence shows existing species trace continual ancestry primitive life forms advent basic forms plant life worldwide allowed sun energy harvested create conditions allowing complex life resultant oxygen accumulated atmosphere gave rise layer incorporation smaller cells larger ones resulted development complex cells called cells colonies increasingly specialized resulting true organisms layer absorbing harmful radiation life surface earth form life develop earth remained form life billion years ago multi cellular organisms began appear single organisms generally microscopic smaller human eye include bacteria life forms found location earth liquid water including earth interior reproduction rapid combination high rate horizontal gene transfer ability makes highly able survive new environments including outer space form essential ecosystem post health risk organisms plants animals originally aristotle divided living things plants generally fast humans notice animals system kingdoms later clear originally defined included unrelated groups fungi groups algae removed new kingdoms considered plants contexts life included flora classifications use term flora separately plant flora ways classifying plants regional depending purpose study include fossil flora remnants plant life previous era people regions countries great pride individual characteristic flora vary widely globe differences climate terrain regional commonly divided categories native flora agricultural garden flora lastly mentioned intentionally grown cultivated types native flora actually introduced centuries ago people migrating region continent integral native natural flora place introduced example human interaction nature boundary considered nature category plant historically carved term fallen formal way useless plants informal use word describe plants deemed worthy elimination general tendency people societies seek alter shape course nature similarly animals categorized ways domestic farm animals wild animals etc according relationship human life animals category characteristics generally set apart living things animals usually separates bacteria generally food internal chamber separates plants algae distinguished plants algae fungi lacking cell walls exceptions notably animals bodies differentiated separate tissues include muscles able contract control nervous system sends processes signals typically internal digestive chamber cells possessed animals surrounded characteristic matrix composed elastic form structures like shells bones framework cells reorganized development maturation supports complex anatomy required mobility human humans comprise proportion total living earth human effect nature large extent human influence boundaries humans regard nature environments clear cut extremes extremes natural environment free human influence diminishing increasingly rapid pace development technology human race allowed greater exploitation natural resources helped alleviate risk natural hazards spite progress fate human civilization remains closely linked changes environment exists highly complex feedback loop use advanced technology changes environment slowly understood man threats earth natural environment include pollution disasters oil humans contributed extinction plants animals humans employ nature leisure economic activities acquisition natural resources industrial use remains primary component world economic system activities hunting fishing leisure different people agriculture adopted 9th millennium bce ranging food production energy nature influences economic wealth early humans gathered plant materials food employed medicinal properties vegetation healing modern human use plants agriculture clearance large tracts land crop growth led significant reduction available wetlands resulting loss habitat plant animal species increased erosion aesthetics beauty beauty nature historically prevalent theme art books filling large sections libraries nature depicted celebrated art photography poetry literature shows strength people associate nature beauty reasons association exists association consists studied branch philosophy called aesthetics certain basic characteristics philosophers agree explain seen beautiful opinions virtually endless nature important subjects eras world history early tradition landscape art began china dynasty tradition representing nature aims chinese painting significant influence asian art natural wonders celebrated book job wilderness portrayals art prevalent 1800s especially works romantic movement british artists turned attention capturing beauty natural world paintings paintings primarily religious scenes human beings poetry described wonder natural world viewed threatening place increasingly nature aspect western culture artistic movement coincided movement western world common classical idea beautiful art involves word imitation nature realm ideas beauty nature perfect implied perfect mathematical forms generally patterns nature writes beautiful root science goal art highest possibility humanity hope matter energy fields science nature matter motion certain laws nature science seeks understand reason fundamental science generally understood physics recognizable meaning study nature matter commonly defined substance physical objects composed constitutes universe visible components universe believed compose percent total mass remainder believed consist percent cold dark matter percent dark energy exact arrangement components unknown intensive investigation behavior matter energy universe appears follow defined physical laws laws employed produce models successfully explain structure evolution universe observe mathematical expressions laws physics employ set physical appear static universe values carefully measured reason specific values remains mystery earth outer space simply called space refers relatively regions universe outside bodies outer space distinguish terrestrial locations boundary earth atmosphere space atmosphere gradually increasing altitude outer space solar system called space passes space known outer space sparsely filled dozen types organic molecules discovered date microwave radiation left big bang origin universe cosmic rays include atomic particles gas dust small additionally signs human life outer space today material left previous manned launches potential hazard spacecraft debris enters atmosphere periodically earth body solar system known support life evidence suggests distant past planet mars possessed bodies liquid water surface brief period mars history capable forming life present water remaining mars frozen life exists mars likely located underground liquid water exist conditions terrestrial planets mercury venus appear harsh support life know fourth largest moon possess sub surface ocean liquid water potentially host life started discover earth planets lie zone space surrounding star possibly host life know	Nature	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
10502_HistoricdistrictsintheUnitedStates	historic districts united_states united_states historic district group buildings properties sites designated entities different levels historically significant buildings structures objects sites historic district normally divided categories contributing non contributing districts greatly vary size hundreds structures federal government historic districts auspices national_park_service federally designated historic districts listed national_register_of_historic_places listing usually restrictions property owners designated property state level historic districts follow similar criteria restrictions require adherence certain historic rehabilitation standards local historic district designation offers far legal protection historic properties land use decisions local level local districts generally administered county municipal government history historic district established charleston south_carolina federal government designation decades charleston city government designated old local ordinance created board architectural review oversee new_orleans followed establishing authorizing act maintain historic character city french quarter picked concept city philadelphia historic preservation ordinance regulatory authority local commissions historic districts consistently upheld legitimate use government police power notably city new_york supreme_court case protection historic resources entirely governmental goal federal government created national_register_of_historic_places soon report stated americans suffered 1980s thousands federally designated historic districts states arizona passed defending property rights stopped private property designated historic property owner consent compensation historic property types historic districts generally types properties contributing non contributing broadly defined contributing property property structure object adds historical integrity architectural qualities historic district listed locally federally significant different entities usually governmental state national level united_states differing definitions contributing property retain basic characteristics general contributing properties integral parts historic context character historic district addition types classification historic districts properties listed national_register_of_historic_places classified broad categories building structure site district object specific definition relation eponymous district category applied historic districts listed federal level listing national_register_of_historic_places governmental historic district register honorary status federal financial incentives national_register_of_historic_places defines historic district federal law revised according register definition historic district geographically area urban rural possessing significant concentration continuity sites buildings structures objects united past events aesthetically plan physical development district comprise individual elements separated geographically linked association history districts established federal guidelines generally begin process designation nomination national_register_of_historic_places official recognition government cultural resources worthy preservation designation offer district property cases threatening action involves federal government federal government involved listing provides site property district example company wants tear hypothetical company contract state government illinois federal designation offer company federal contract protected federal designation little recognition government resource worthy preservation general criteria acceptance applied consistently considerations exceptions criteria historic districts influence exceptions usually list religious structures moved structures reconstructed structures properties achieved significance years property falls categories integral parts districts meet criteria exception allowing listing historic district listings like nominations rejected basis owner disapproval case historic districts majority owners object order nomination national_register_of_historic_places objection occurred nomination determination eligibility state level state governments listing similar national_register_of_historic_places state listings similar benefits federal designation granting qualification tax incentives addition property protected specific state laws laws similar different federal guidelines govern state listing historic district usually honorary status like example nevada listing places limits property owners contrast state law tennessee requires property owners historic districts follow strict set guidelines altering properties according states states state historic district designation example state north_carolina designation local level local historic districts usually enjoy greatest level protection legally threats compromise historic integrity land use decisions local level local historic districts united_states local historic districts administered county municipal level entities involved land use decisions local historic districts identified surveying historic resources appropriate boundaries comply aspects process depending local ordinance state law property owners permission required owners notified given chance share opinion local historic districts design guidelines control changes properties included district local commissions adopt specific guidelines ensemble neighborhood smaller commissions rely secretary interior standards minor changes consult local preservation staff municipal office receive guidance permission changes major changes require apply changes decided historic commission architectural review board process carried aspects process formal hearings fair informed decision making according national_park_service historic districts oldest forms protection historic properties city charleston south_carolina credited beginning modern day historic districts movement charleston enacted ordinance designated old administered charleston early ordinance reflected strong protection local historic districts enjoy local law asserted alteration architectural features viewed public street local historic districts new_orleans savannah georgia register years local historic districts likely generate resistance restrictions tend place property owners local laws cause residents comply local historic district issue local historic districts impact property values concern effects extensively studied multiple including analysis evaluating comparable neighborhoods local designation status recent factual analysis conducted independent researchers number states including new_jersey texas indiana georgia colorado maryland kentucky virginia stated economist results studies remarkably consistent property values local historic districts appreciate significantly faster market vast majority cases appreciate rates equivalent market worst case simply historic districts enhance property values study connecticut local historic districts property values found property values local historic district saw average increases value ranging year similarly new_york_city local historic district properties price square foot basis increased value significantly non designated properties equally important local historic district property values found resist market better historic non designated properties recent study investigating data single family residential mortgage comparable non designated neighborhoods found designated properties significantly likely experience local historic district designation proven protect property values wild fluctuations provides stability housing market significance original concept american historic district protective area surrounding important individual historic sites field historic preservation progressed involved came realize structures acting zones actually key elements historic integrity larger landmark sites came view districts encompassing blending structures streets open space landscaping define historical character historic district early identified american cities towns form historic district place local laws meant specifically protect historic districts historic preservation united_states infancy year penned influential report concluded americans suffered sense recommended historic preservation help provide americans sense orientation creation national_register_of_historic_places heels report helped sense orientation looking recommended historic preservation program focus solely individual properties areas districts contain special meaning community local state federal historic districts account thousands historic property listings levels government	Historic districts in the United States	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
11490_GeographyofSouthDakota	geography south state located north central united_states usually considered region country state generally divided geographic regions eastern western lower elevation higher precipitation western state low isolated mountain group southwestern corner state smaller sub regions state include missouri till plains formations range age billion year old granite glacial till deposited million years 17th largest state country humid continental climate east semi arid climate west outside featuring distinct seasons ecology state features plant animal species typical north american temperate grassland number areas protection federal state government located state population estimated state ranks fifth lowest total population population density united_states population largest city state ranks second largest city state capital historically agricultural state service tourism sectors grown economic importance recent years location size situated north central united_states considered midwest great plains region covers state additionally culture economy geography western common west midwest state total land area miles km2 making 17th largest union bordered north south nebraska east iowa minnesota west wyoming montana western border north south line set certain distance washington separate montana wyoming transition time zones cover state split roughly half east west boundary zones runs south point boundary roughly continues south river turns southeast north american continental pole located nearest coastline allen pole north_america regions generally divided regions eastern western missouri river serves somewhat stark boundary terms geographic social political differences eastern western geography differs surroundings extent considered separate rest western south times combine rest western refer resulting regions divided missouri generally features lower topography western state smaller geographic regions area include till plains des higher region bordered east west numerous glacial lakes cover largely drained tributary missouri west low flat highly eroded land following flow north south till plains area rolling hills fertile soil covers iowa nebraska extends southeastern corner missouri lies drift prairie region southern section large plateau extending canada great plains cover western thirds west missouri river landscape rugged consists rolling hills plains steep flat topped hills called rise feet plains south east lie south southwestern extend wyoming range low mountains covers miles km2 mountains rise feet bases highest point sea level highest point united_states east rocky_mountains mountains elevation include tower rich minerals gold silver copper lead largest deepest gold north_america located produced billion gold started operation scientific laboratory geology formations deposits range age billion thousand years age rocks generally decreases moves west east state oldest formations state created billion years ago consist rocks form central core found isolated locations eastern near formations form outer ring created roughly million years ago area features rocks limestone deposited area formed shoreline ancient inland sea outside western features rock formed million million years ago time western central covered shallow inland sea marine skeletons ocean settled form rocks area today period pushed elevation feet lost feet worth rock layers erosion sediments ended area marine deposits inland sea contribute western present day geological makeup areas western deposits found formed million years ago eroded mountains west volcanic material deposited presumably came area layers rock distinctly visible multi colored rocks cliffs layers deposited pleistocene starting million years ago cover eastern youngest rock sediment layers state product successive periods deposited large rocks soil known till area thickness glacial till layer ranges feet till makes agriculture prevalent eastern extremely fertile human history shaped geology gold founded larger cities important economic activity areas eastern mines present day produce gold granite sand gravel limestone state produces limited oil natural gas rivers lakes largest longest river state major rivers include james white essentially rivers dams missouri river create large lake lake lewis generated power plants dams provides approximately half electricity south vast majority natural lakes located eastern half state product recent ice age title largest natural lake somewhat disputed larger lake maintained current size longer period time major natural lakes include lake additionally large lakes lake traverse form border minnesota continental divide separating drainage basin gulf_of_mexico situated lakes ecology notable exception dominated temperate grasses crops cover region deciduous trees common near rivers shelter belts open areas plains grasses western big little thrive mammals area include deer prairie dogs reptiles include snapping turtle box turtle types snakes prairie snake rivers lakes support populations pike bass species contains pre historic salmon native pacific_northwest successfully introduced lake tall grass state highest precipitation southeastern foot foot grasses herbs low shrubs region plenty common spring floods animals modern agriculture tall grass large numbers big little indian grass sand tall grasses flood plains missouri big rivers habitat wild tall grass wild rose bush shrubs herbs marsh hawks short owl short billed marsh birds home prairie rabbits meadow mice deer common animal life mid tall grass plants mid tall grass grow foot feet tall precipitation averages inches inches year region transition zone tall grasses southeast mid short grasses west zone eastern portion river valleys characteristics tall grass region western drained land similarities mid short grass common grasses needle thread grass mid short grass plants mid tall grass average inches maximum height foot short grasses live drained regions mid grasses grass western prairie june grass predominant grasses lead plant prairie rose common shrubs prairie herbs region flower flower seasonal flowers flower state flower common prior centuries modern animal life consists deer pocket ducks hawks common birds bull snakes blue replaced prairie common reptiles short mid grass western thirds precipitation irregular averages inches inches year thunderstorms rush prairie little shelter plants animals animals home grey wolf kit fox bull snake live prairie blue birds habitat ducks hawks turkey evening prairie star wild common plants wild buffalo prairie vegetation predominantly blue little green coniferous higher elevation precipitation ecology differs significantly plains mountains coniferous types including covering acres forest white timber western red cedar western yellow important lumber tree area state tree spruce home blue joint wild shrubs grow hills horse mint prevalent herbs grow widely wild pattern gold jewelry mammals include deer sheep mountain goats mountain lions streams lakes contain species trout rabbits wood rabbits live hills wild found limited quantity robin jay birds birds varied geography inhabited species birds state bird ring adapted particularly area introduced china growing populations bald eagles spread state especially near wild turkey large bird found areas state numerous lakes wetlands eastern support migratory populations canada snow wood ducks prairie serves home eastern western varieties open landscape plains suits birds hawks climate continental climate semi arid west outside distinct seasons ranging cold winters hot summers summers average high temperature state close generally near night unusual severe hot dry spells summer temperature climbing times year winters cold january high temperatures averaging freezing low temperatures averaging state highest temperature recorded state july lowest february average annual precipitation ranges semi arid northwestern state inches semi humid southeast portion state inches small area centered lead highest precipitation nearly inches year summers bring frequent thunderstorms severe high winds thunder hail eastern state considered tornado alley experiences average tornadoes year winters somewhat stable severe weather form ice storms occur season severe weather state occasionally turn deadly people killed tornadoes state flood tore central killing people causing hundreds millions dollars damage protected areas contains sites protected national_park_service national parks established located southwestern state national park created park features highly eroded brightly colored landscape surrounded semi arid established contains extensive cave network large herd established known attraction features mountain carved sculptor resemble presidents areas managed national_park_service include lewis historic trail missile national historic site features decommissioned nuclear missile addition national_park_service manages areas state contains national forests small section national contains numerous state parks managed fish parks large state park acres includes wildlife loop featuring large herd begging species notable parks state include near lewis near human geography according population census state ranked fifth lowest united_states total population population density center population located unincorporated county seat largest ancestry groups german norwegian irish native american english german americans largest ancestry group parts state large scandinavian populations counties american indians largely predominant counties western state highest proportion native americans state rural areas experiencing trend falling populations despite overall increase population effect rural flight spread evenly rural counties small towns lost population area gained population fact near ninth fastest growing county percentage united_states growth areas compensated losses rest state total population continues increase steadily albeit slower rate national average cities counties relatively notable lack large urban centers largest city state ranks largest country state largest city population population rural areas decreased years cities state grown rapid pace population concentrated rural according census estimates populous counties state lincoln home south counties held population largest city estimated population metropolitan area population city located southeast corner state founded economy originally focused business recently largely centered retail financial services estimated population metropolitan area population second largest city state located eastern edge western founded economy largely based tourism defense spending close proximity tourist attractions largest cities state order descending population mitchell state capital locations state largest universities largest cities state located west economy early economy relied heavily soil minerals ecology area nearly earliest white settlers area farmers miners economic sectors risen prominence recent years early dependence land laid foundation future economic activity state agriculture historically key component economy industries expanded rapidly recent decades agricultural production important state economy especially rural areas valuable agricultural products cattle corn wheat agriculture related industries meat packing production considerable economic impact state largest producers nation important sector economy tourism travel visit national parks state parks national monuments state particularly region location national parks west large cities east contributes state tourism industry tourism provided estimated jobs state contributed billion economy transportation total miles highways roads streets miles interstate highways major pass interstate runs east west interstate running north south eastern portion state located state shorter major highways pass state routes travel east west routes run north south railroads played important role transportation mid nineteenth century miles railroad track built late nineteenth early twentieth centuries miles railroad currently operational largest commercial airports located	Geography of South Dakota	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
13210_ForestryintheUnitedKingdom	forestry management trees forests environmental economic gain united_kingdom british isles ideal tree growth thanks mild winters plentiful rainfall fertile soil hill sheltered topography growth rates hardwood trees exceed mainland europe growth rates times sweden times finland absence people great_britain covered mature oaks scotland conditions forestry good trees face damage threats arising fungi parasites britain land surface wooded area increasing country supply timber severely depleted second world wars imports difficult forested area britain land surface year established produce strategic reserve timber recovery progress european countries average area woodland square kilometres forest britain publicly owned private sector people work land account britain woodlands rest conifers considering england figures britain native tree flora comprises species britain industry populace uses million tonnes timber year britain forests supply demand fact timber britain home grown paper paper products half wood consumed britain volume october new coalition government suggested sell half forestry commission owned woodland wide variety groups vocal disapproval february government abandoned idea instead set led body published report july suggestions recommended forested portion england rise country land area history british history trend create farmland expense forest furthermore variations climate led significant changes ranges species makes complex estimate likely extent natural forest cover example scotland main areas identified oak dominated forest south highland line scots pine oak pine birch oak north east south west highlands birch outer northern isles far north mainland furthermore effects fire human clearance grazing probably limited forest cover land area scotland maximum stock woodland declined world war forestry added advise policy war better known chairman sir came conclusion order secure double purpose able independent foreign supplies years reasonable insurance timber famine woods great_britain gradually increased million acres quarter millions end war following report formed meet need state forest parks established emergency controls introduced second world wars permanent forestry act landowners given financial incentives devote land forests forestry grant scheme early 1970s annual rate planting exceeded hectares acres planting comprised fast growing conifers later century balance shifted fewer hectares acres planted 1990s planting actually increased exceeding hectares acres year mid-1990s half new planting replaced forestry grant scheme paying nearly twice woodland conifers england woodland grant scheme subsequently replaced english woodland grant scheme operates separate kinds grant forestry projects year introduced replaced 1990s programme resulted establishment celebrated planting seven tree result initiatives british isles places world stock forested land actually increasing rate increase slowed turn millennium current overarching grants scheme includes money forested land ancient woodland ancient woodland defined woodland continuously forested recorded woodland britain profoundly affected human intervention apart certain native scotland predominantly woodland productive terms timber yield rich typically containing number indicator species indigenous wildlife comprises roughly forested area native historic tree species britain relatively impoverished terms native species example thirty species deciduous tree native scotland including birch cherry list tree species existed britain sheer number tree species planted subsequently complete list threats disease threats british woodland involve fungus conifers greatest threat arises related species fungi genus spread acute oak decline cause fungus causes beech bark disease bulgaria ash results trees vulnerable responsible sudden oak death usa killed large numbers japanese trees beetles damage trees majority cause harm notable exceptions include kill young conifers spruce kill eats young tree roots kill dry season rabbits field mice deer farm animals pose significant threat trees air pollution acid rain represent main environmental hazards timber industry produced cubic metres wood cubic metres wood based panels tonnes paper produce timber satisfy domestic demand country net timber paper years country imported wood value million exported million imported million wood based panels exported million imported paper paper based products value million exported million approximately people employed forestry primary wood production country resulting gross value added country million ongoing closure industry likely key driver future growth planting successful forestry requires healthy formed trees resistant diseases parasites best wood straight circular stem spiral grain small evenly spaced branches chances achieving planting good quality seed best possible growing environment commercial seed relatively inexpensive prefer collect seed dry weather seed kept place away damp seeds long term storage apart oak sweet chestnut kept seed tend stored seed best pre treated planting tree breeding programmes ensure best seed hampered trees long life cycles particularly 1950s organisations running programme breeding propagation induced flowering controlled aim producing healthy disease resistant fast growing stock management manages hectares million acres land england scotland making country biggest land manager majority land scotland england activities carried forest estate include maintenance improvement natural environment provision recreation timber harvesting supply domestic industry harvested areas main reason creation commission britain original forest cover left government time wanted create strategic resource timber forest coverage doubled commission expanded include greater focus sustainable forest management public benefits woodland creation continues important role commission works closely government achieve goal forest coverage initiatives woodland carbon code government body responsible regulation private forestry generally illegal obtaining licence commission commission responsible encouraging new private forest growth development role carried providing grants support private forests woodlands contrast sponsored body management natural resources wales formed merger environment assumes roles taken specifically sets forest management standards promotes system provides information service looks environmental social economic impacts timber industry issued certificates encompassing forest plans featuring good forestry practice consider needs nearby communities rural residents living adjacent woodland areas consider tree environmental legislation developing plans plans sustainable harvesting replacement trees indicate road building forest engineering operations required transportation currently vast majority britain timber uses road forests located rural areas heavy timber vehicles severely damaged single lane tracks especially highlands order combat companies forced provide funding repairs alternative transport systems rail coastal shipping despite number forest railways axe rail share timber transport risen opening new lines devon scotland land values price woodland risen proportion productivity reached peak prices acre woodland prices affected favourable tax treatment high value	Forestry in the United Kingdom	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
16031_GeographyofWales	geography wales wales welsh country united_kingdom island great_britain offshore islands bordered england east north west south total area hectares acres north south wide number offshore islands far largest mainland coastline including length wales population cardiff capital largest city situated area wales complex geological history left largely mountainous country coastal plain narrow north west country wider south best agricultural land exploitation south wales industrial revolution resulted development urban economy expansion port cities newport cardiff export coal smaller developed time country landscape rural communities small economy largely dependent agriculture tourism climate influenced proximity country atlantic_ocean prevailing westerly winds tends mild cloudy wet physical geography wales located western central southern great_britain north west south english counties lie east border england roughly follows line ancient known large island lies northwest coast separated mainland wales number smaller islands wales mountainous welsh northwest highest mountains highest mountain england wales south main range lie northeast wales lies possibly peaks feet known collectively welsh run northeast southwest occupy central country rounded clad rough grassland south country central spread parts southeast wales lies west border welsh lowland zone consists north coastal plain island narrow strip coast bay southern main rivers forms boundary wales england river river flow northwards liverpool bay round coast flow westwards rivers flow southwards parts river form boundary wales england length coast mainland wales adding coasts total largest bay country lake largest lake km2 large lakes include km2 lake km2 km2 km2 km2 lies glacial valley blocked terminal lakes created rivers provide drinking water hydroelectric schemes flood defences geology geology wales complex varied earliest rocks era found peninsula southwestern places near english border seas periodically flooded land retreated thousands metres volcanic rocks accumulated marine basin known early middle period volcanic activity increased large volcanic system centred emitted estimated cubic kilometres debris volcano formed near period great sand gravel mud deposited south wales gradually consolidated volcanic ash fell sea formed great banks unstable masses slid deeper water creating submarine caused great sea particles began settle according particle size strata formed called common central wales particularly obvious sea cliffs beginning period sea retreating land thrust collision land masses forming new range mountains strata compressed deformed places clay minerals developing grain allowed parallel making easy split rocks thin flat sheets stone known slate period erosion mountains resulted formation southern northeastern parts wales sea resulted limestone extensive swamps gave rise deposits eventual formation coal measures particular affected period continental collisions south caused complex folding strata episodes occurred wales alternately inundated sea raised cretaceous wales permanently sea level pleistocene recent underwent exceptionally cold periods ice ages mountains today largely assumed present shape ice age mid 19th century prominent studies geology wales establish certain principles latin wales derived derived earliest geological period era dispute periods era named pre roman celtic tribes wales climate wales maritime climate predominant winds blowing atlantic_ocean means weather wales general mild cloudy wet country wide geographic variations cause differences amounts sunshine rainfall temperature rainfall wales varies widely highest average annual totals lowest near coast east close english border wales winter months significantly summer ones snow comparatively rare near sea level wales frequent hills experience conditions winter low lying parts mean annual temperatures wales coast low lying inland areas cooler higher altitudes mean decrease annual temperatures approximately metres feet increased altitude consequently higher parts experience mean annual temperatures nights conditions occur little wind cloud cover especially ground snow clad lowest temperature recorded wales conditions sort temperature fell occasionally coastal area experiences winter conditions united_kingdom temperatures result wind south westerly warming descends mountains rainfall wales result arrival atlantic low pressure systems heaviest october january country months usually april june wales experiences fewer summer thunderstorms england rainfall varies country highest records greatest elevations experiences total annual exceeding coastal regions wales english border combination mountainous areas atlantic lows produce large quantities rain results flooding snowfall varies altitude enormously year year number days lying snow vary zero thirty average wales parts united_kingdom strongest winds usually associated atlantic depressions arrives winds usually start southwest west northwest system passes southwest experiences gale force winds highest wind speed recorded wales lowland site gusts knots mph october land use total terrestrial surface wales hectares acres area land agriculture forestry country hectares acres hectares acres hectares acres hectares acres grazing woodland occupied hectares acres hectares acres land addition hectares acres common rough grazing giving total area land agriculture purposes including common land hectares acres order area planted crops grown wales foods stock feeding spring wheat winter combining rape potatoes crops grassland predominantly permanent pasture grassland years old compared parts united_kingdom wales smallest percentage land considerably smaller area rough grazing hill land scotland natural resources south wales extends parts west east smaller parts vast quantities coal mined wales industrial revolution earlier twentieth century coal stocks remaining pits foreign coal available low prices deep pit wales closed northern edge south wales extensively worked production iron important initiation industrial revolution south wales lead mined roman occupation britain ore bearing sites lead silver mined metals mined areas numerous minerals occur parts wales gold found southern copper industry early 1800s exploited past minerals mined commercial scale today stone parts wales slate major industry worked 12th century later centre production producing reduced capacity compared converted visitor attraction railways carry ports restored tourist attractions including railway railway wales potential onshore production oil gas gas obtained coal potential source gas underground controlled coal produce mixture hydrogen carbon mountainous terrain ample rainfall water wales abundant resources country man supplies water england generating power hydroelectric schemes largest notable bodies water include popular resorts outdoor activities sailing cycling fishing bird watching wind resource wales abundance offshore wind farms coast second largest wind farm world wind farms found inland sites national parks political geography border wales england modern border wales england largely defined laws wales acts based boundaries medieval according welsh historian john davies created border wales england border survived today follow old line eastern boundary welsh excluded districts welsh language continue spoken centuries districts wholly consider purpose statute incorporate wales england location welsh border irrelevant purposes boundary confirmed referendum reviewed boundary line roughly follows south north far point miles northern coast swings east number counties detached parts act instance separates railway station divides village pub line local government wales divided authorities responsible provision local government services including education social work environmental road services areas community councils cover specific areas council area authority areas known principal areas queen represent preserved counties wales local authorities groups based main census dimensions demographic household composition housing socio economic employment industry sector local authorities mid west wales classified coastal countryside south wales authorities mining manufacturing cardiff cities services population wales increase previous year slowest growth rate country united_kingdom main population industrial areas wales specifically cardiff newport adjoining cardiff capital city population census followed authorities newport port cardiff heavily populated area wales people square kilometre mile high proportion welsh population lives smaller settlements nearly live villages persons compared england wales relatively low proportion population large settlements live urban areas population comparison nearly english population live urban areas larger largest wales feature settlement pattern wales share population living rural areas compared england communications communications wales influenced topography mountainous nature country main rail road routes south loop east pass largely england motorway wales motorway london entering country second crossing passing close newport cardiff extending far west services continuing northwest major trunk road connecting london coast road links links worcester main trunk road dual road chester past continuing coast crossing terminating main line links entering wales main line services join newport branch lines serve barry destinations include ferry heart links line crosses centre wales trains links ferry service ireland passengers change links cardiff airport airport wales offers international scheduled flights destinations available include parts united_kingdom ireland parts continental europe airport charter flights seasonal basis million passengers airport ferry services operate welsh ports ireland dublin dock protected areas wales designated national parks national park northwestern wales established national park britain following covers square miles km2 mountains miles coastline established following year protect spectacular coastal scenery includes estuary entire length established years later extends southern northwestern parts eastern case park authority acts special purpose local authority exercises planning control residential industrial development park authorities duty conserve natural beauty area promote opportunities members public enjoy appreciate park special qualities wales areas outstanding natural beauty differ authorities duty conserve enhance natural beauty landscape obligation promote enjoyment public additionally control planning designated britain england wales including striking united_kingdom near village formed mountain stream drops cliff changes character lowland river site designated site special scientific interest wales importance understanding welsh 19th century english author remarked saw water falling like thin beautiful threads	Geography of Wales	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
17733_ForestryintheUnitedKingdom	forestry management trees forests environmental economic gain united_kingdom british isles ideal tree growth thanks mild winters plentiful rainfall fertile soil hill sheltered topography growth rates hardwood trees exceed mainland europe growth rates times sweden times finland absence people great_britain covered mature oaks scotland conditions forestry good trees face damage threats arising fungi parasites britain land surface wooded area increasing country supply timber severely depleted second world wars imports difficult forested area britain land surface year established produce strategic reserve timber recovery progress european countries average area woodland square kilometres forest britain publicly owned private sector people work land account britain woodlands rest conifers considering england figures britain native tree flora comprises species britain industry populace uses million tonnes timber year britain forests supply demand fact timber britain home grown paper paper products half wood consumed britain volume october new coalition government suggested sell half forestry commission owned woodland wide variety groups vocal disapproval february government abandoned idea instead set led body published report july suggestions recommended forested portion england rise country land area history british history trend create farmland expense forest furthermore variations climate led significant changes ranges species makes complex estimate likely extent natural forest cover example scotland main areas identified oak dominated forest south highland line scots pine oak pine birch oak north east south west highlands birch outer northern isles far north mainland furthermore effects fire human clearance grazing probably limited forest cover land area scotland maximum stock woodland declined world war forestry added advise policy war better known chairman sir came conclusion order secure double purpose able independent foreign supplies years reasonable insurance timber famine woods great_britain gradually increased million acres quarter millions end war following report formed meet need state forest parks established emergency controls introduced second world wars permanent forestry act landowners given financial incentives devote land forests forestry grant scheme early 1970s annual rate planting exceeded hectares acres planting comprised fast growing conifers later century balance shifted fewer hectares acres planted 1990s planting actually increased exceeding hectares acres year mid-1990s half new planting replaced forestry grant scheme paying nearly twice woodland conifers england woodland grant scheme subsequently replaced english woodland grant scheme operates separate kinds grant forestry projects year introduced replaced 1990s programme resulted establishment celebrated planting seven tree result initiatives british isles places world stock forested land actually increasing rate increase slowed turn millennium current overarching grants scheme includes money forested land ancient woodland ancient woodland defined woodland continuously forested recorded woodland britain profoundly affected human intervention apart certain native scotland predominantly woodland productive terms timber yield rich typically containing number indicator species indigenous wildlife comprises roughly forested area native historic tree species britain relatively impoverished terms native species example thirty species deciduous tree native scotland including birch cherry list tree species existed britain sheer number tree species planted subsequently complete list threats disease threats british woodland involve fungus conifers greatest threat arises related species fungi genus spread acute oak decline cause fungus causes beech bark disease bulgaria ash results trees vulnerable responsible sudden oak death usa killed large numbers japanese trees beetles damage trees majority cause harm notable exceptions include kill young conifers spruce kill eats young tree roots kill dry season rabbits field mice deer farm animals pose significant threat trees air pollution acid rain represent main environmental hazards timber industry produced cubic metres wood cubic metres wood based panels tonnes paper produce timber satisfy domestic demand country net timber paper years country imported wood value million exported million imported million wood based panels exported million imported paper paper based products value million exported million approximately people employed forestry primary wood production country resulting gross value added country million ongoing closure industry likely key driver future growth planting successful forestry requires healthy formed trees resistant diseases parasites best wood straight circular stem spiral grain small evenly spaced branches chances achieving planting good quality seed best possible growing environment commercial seed relatively inexpensive prefer collect seed dry weather seed kept place away damp seeds long term storage apart oak sweet chestnut kept seed tend stored seed best pre treated planting tree breeding programmes ensure best seed hampered trees long life cycles particularly 1950s organisations running programme breeding propagation induced flowering controlled aim producing healthy disease resistant fast growing stock management manages hectares million acres land england scotland making country biggest land manager majority land scotland england activities carried forest estate include maintenance improvement natural environment provision recreation timber harvesting supply domestic industry harvested areas main reason creation commission britain original forest cover left government time wanted create strategic resource timber forest coverage doubled commission expanded include greater focus sustainable forest management public benefits woodland creation continues important role commission works closely government achieve goal forest coverage initiatives woodland carbon code government body responsible regulation private forestry generally illegal obtaining licence commission commission responsible encouraging new private forest growth development role carried providing grants support private forests woodlands contrast sponsored body management natural resources wales formed merger environment assumes roles taken specifically sets forest management standards promotes system provides information service looks environmental social economic impacts timber industry issued certificates encompassing forest plans featuring good forestry practice consider needs nearby communities rural residents living adjacent woodland areas consider tree environmental legislation developing plans plans sustainable harvesting replacement trees indicate road building forest engineering operations required transportation currently vast majority britain timber uses road forests located rural areas heavy timber vehicles severely damaged single lane tracks especially highlands order combat companies forced provide funding repairs alternative transport systems rail coastal shipping despite number forest railways axe rail share timber transport risen opening new lines devon scotland land values price woodland risen proportion productivity reached peak prices acre woodland prices affected favourable tax treatment high value	Forestry in the United Kingdom	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
24185_DemographicsofCroatia	demographics croatia demographic characteristics population croatia known normally conducted year intervals analysed statistical 1850s performed task 1990s latest census croatia performed april permanent population croatia census reached million population density inhabitants square kilometre overall life croatia birth years population rose steadily exception taken following world wars million peaked million croatia death rate continuously exceeded birth rate natural growth rate population negative croatia fourth fifth stage demographic transition terms age structure population dominated year old segment median age population gender ratio total population males female demographics professors predict population decrease people based current number children born people population going million people years avoided ways people number people number children born doubles experts believe options unlikely croatia inhabited minorities include serbs demographic history croatia marked significant including arrival area growth hungarian german speaking population union croatia hungary joining set ottoman conquests growth italian speaking population venetian rule collapse austria-hungary hungarian population declined german speaking population forced compelled leave world war similar fate suffered italian population late 19th century 20th century marked large scale economic abroad 1940s 1950s yugoslavia marked internal yugoslavia recent significant came result croatian war independence hundreds thousands displaced croatian language official language minority languages officially local government units croatian declared native language population survey revealed claim knowledge foreign language english main religions croatia roman catholicism islam literacy croatia stands proportion population aged attaining academic degrees grew rapidly doubling reaching estimated spent education primary secondary education available croatian languages recognised minorities croatia universal health care system nation spent healthcare net monthly income september averaged euro significant sources employment manufacturing industry wholesale retail trade construction october unemployment rate croatia median equivalent household income tops average purchasing power standard countries joined trailing average census recorded total million private households predominantly owned housing average rate croatia stands urban population reduction rural population population population million croatia ranks world population population density inhabitants square kilometre overall life croatia birth years total fertility rate children mother lowest world croatia death rate nearly continuously exceeded birth rate forecast population shrink million depending actual birth rate level net migration population croatia rose steadily million peaked million exception taken following world wars natural growth rate population negative croatia started advancing stage demographic transition late 18th early 19th centuries depending croatia discussed croatia fourth fifth stage demographic transition explanation recent population decrease croatian war independence war large sections population displaced emigration increased predominantly areas non serbs removed homes croatian forces fled violence final days war serbs fled country arrival croatian forces operation storm decade following end war refugees returned displaced entire war croatia remaining serbs lived areas occupied croatian war independence serbs partially settled regions previously inhabited settlements previously inhabited serbs settled refugees live croatia comprising male female children virtually performed medical facilities occurred total number children born days end marriage average age mothers birth child years general fertility rate number women aged age specific rate peaking million women aged persons died croatia died medical facilities receiving medical treatment time disease cancer primary causes death country deaths respectively year violent deaths including accidents figure includes deaths traffic accidents birth rate exceeded mortality rate infant mortality rate terms age structure population croatia dominated year older segment size population younger older relatively small respectively median age population sex ratio population males female birth years age males female ages ages ratio males female ratio total population males female contrast native population late 1990s positive net migration croatia reaching level net immigrants recent years croatian government pressured year add work permit foreign workers accordance immigration policy croatia trying return immigrants croatia half coming sharp decline previous year year country leaving serbia number represents substantial increase compared figure recorded net migration abroad peaked persons city persons total marriages performed croatia census recorded million households country census data modern population census country conducted performed conducted regular year intervals latest institution set country specifically purposes maintaining population statistics founded founding office changed structure times alternately institutions independent recent changes institution census performed april recording situation march census results containing number population settlement published june final comprehensive set data published december census processing data gathered census expected cost million million euro census performed new permanent population determined population lived census area months prior census plans live area months census method applied census data vital statistics ethnic groups croatia inhabited minority groups include serbs hungarians italians germans people constitution republic croatia minorities explicitly serbs italians hungarians jews germans austrians russians poles turks significant demographic history croatia characterised significant starting arrival area according work written 10th century vii arrived area modern day croatia early 7th century claim disputed competing date event 6th 9th centuries following establishment personal union croatia hungary joining hungarian german speaking population croatia began gradually increasing number processes varied intensity persisted 20th century ottoman conquests initiated westward migration parts croatian population direct descendants settlers replace fleeing called orthodox populations bosnia serbia provide military service migration region peaked similarly rule following fifth seventh ottoman venetian wars gradual growth italian speaking population areas following collapse austria-hungary hungarian population declined especially areas north river represented majority world war period world war marked large economic emigration croatia united_states particularly areas pittsburgh cleveland chicago united_states main destination migrants south_america especially argentina chile peru estimated people left croatia period world war main focus emigration shifted canada people settled onset world war world war period immediately following war significant demographic changes german speaking population forced compelled leave reducing number german population yugoslavia living parts present day croatia serbia figure recorded census similar fate suffered italian population yugoslavia parts present day croatia left italy 1940s 1950s yugoslavia marked settlements displaced germans live people mountainous parts serbia montenegro larger cities spurred development industry 1960s 1970s wave economic migrants left croatia largely moved canada australia new_zealand western_europe period people left canada mid-1970s moved australia particularly large european communities exist germany austria switzerland largely stem 1960s 1970s recent significant came result croatian war independence non serbs displaced croatian forces fled violence areas significant populations final days war serbs fled country arrival croatian forces operation storm years war refugees returned displaced entire war serbs croatia remained lived areas occupied croatian war independence serbs partially settled regions previously inhabited areas previously inhabited serbs later settled refugees largely demographic losses 20th century wars addition demographic losses significant population croatia suffered significant losses wars 20th century events world war loss population croatia amounted estimated persons total population recorded census flu started toll croatia july peaks disease occurring october november available data scarce estimated caused deaths world war nearly people died territory present day croatia surrender armed forces croatia civilians accompanying troops british_army end world war followed subsequent events known tragedy substantial number people executed exact number disputed claims range killed finally approximately killed went missing croatian war independence figure persons recorded census living croatia languages croatian language official language croatia official languages european_union minority languages official use local government units population consists national minorities local legislation use languages czech hungarian italian serbian according citizens croatia declared croatian native language declared serbian native language language represented croatia native speakers population croatia croatian replaced latin official language croatian government language croatian vocabulary derived slavic branch european language family croatian written latin alphabet major dialect standard croatian distinguished official language serbian socialist rule referred language instead croatian croatian serbian variants language officially recognised different time referred west east version different latin alphabet serbian protective language foreign influences language constant change threats imposed previous rulers austrian german hungarian italian turkish words changed altered slavic looking sounding ones efforts impose policies alter croatian serbian south slavic language met resistance form croatian linguistic survey revealed claim knowledge foreign language according survey ordered european commission speak english second language speak german speak italian french russian spoken speak spanish substantial proportion certain level knowledge croatian language religions main religions croatia christianity poll population croatia responded believe god said believe sort spirit god life force expressed belief sort spirit life force poll answered asked religion important daily life significantly survey balkans indicated church religious organisations trusted institutions country survey revealed respondents assigned lot trust institutions ranking ahead types governmental international non governmental institutions public schools allow religious education cooperation religious communities agreements government attendance mandatory classes organized widely public elementary secondary schools elementary school pupils secondary school students attended religious education classes public holidays croatia include religious festivals assumption day saints day christmas boxing day religious festival public holidays based catholic year citizens celebrate different religious holidays right work dates includes christians celebrate christmas january julian calendar muslims days jews days marriages performed religious communities having agreements state officially recognized eliminating need register marriages office legal position religious communities defined special legislation specifically government funding tax benefits religious education schools matters left religious community negotiate separately government registration communities mandatory registered communities legal persons enjoy tax benefits law eligible registration religious group believers registered civil association years religious groups based abroad submit written permission registration country origin education literacy croatia percent census reported population age incomplete elementary education elementary school education population age education completed gymnasium population received undergraduate degree received academic degree received doctoral degree croatia recorded substantial growth population attaining academic degrees population segment estimated encompass total population worldwide study quality living different countries published newsweek august ranked croatian education system 22nd position shared austria estimated spent education schooling estimated years average primary education croatia starts age seven consists grades law passed increase free education years age compulsory education consists grades elementary school secondary education provided schools elementary schools schools providing forms secondary education primary secondary education available languages recognised minorities croatia classes held czech hungarian italian serbian german languages elementary level secondary level music art schools schools disabled children youth schools adults nationwide leaving exams croatian introduced secondary education students school year comprises compulsory subjects croatian language mathematics foreign language optional subjects university education croatia universities university croatia founded remained active institutions higher education took reopened founded oldest continuously operating university higher education institutions private total institutions higher education croatia attended thousand students companies government education system institutions non profit organizations croatia pursuing scientific research development technology combined spent billion million euro employed time research staff scientific operating croatia largest learned society promoting language culture arts science inception scientists croatia include nobel prize winners health croatia universal health care system roots traced hungarian croatian parliament act providing form mandatory insurance factory workers population covered basic health insurance plan provided statute optional insurance annual compulsory healthcare related expenditures reached billion billion euro healthcare expenditures comprise private health insurance public spending croatia spent healthcare representing decline approximately estimated healthcare spending came public sources according croatia ranks 50th world terms life hundreds healthcare institutions croatia including hospitals beds hospitals care thousand patients year employ medical doctors including specialists private practice offices total health workers country emergency medical service units responding million calls principal cause death disease men women followed men women significant causes death injuries external causes men women digestive system diseases men women respiratory system diseases men women diseases men women cause disease affecting population infected hiv aids died disease estimated age according data croatian adult population economic personal income jobs unemployment net monthly income september averaged euro dropping relative previous month month gross monthly income averaged euro includes net salary income tax retirement pension insurance healthcare insurance safety health insurance employment promotion tax average net monthly income grew compared euro euro highest net salaries paid financial services sector april averaged euro lowest ones paid month manufacturing leather processing industries averaging euro january minimum wage croatia tax euro number employed persons recorded steady growth peaked followed decline year million employed persons number pertaining women total number employed persons includes employed crafts freelance professionals employed agriculture significant sources employment manufacturing industry wholesale retail trade including motor vehicle repair services employing respectively significant employment sector construction industry comprising jobs year year employed public administration defence compulsory social insurance sector education negative trends persisted croatia jobs industry declined number unemployed retired persons combined exceeded number employed august fell million labour force consisted million persons million working age population aged october unemployment rate stood employed persons hold second job comparison member states european_union croatia median equivalent household income terms stands topping average countries joined romania bulgaria significantly average croatia highest recorded county lowest observed county housing census recorded total private households croatia residential communities retirement homes etc time permanent housing units houses apartments census recorded million permanent housing units including thousand intermittently occupied thousand abandoned ones average size permanently housing unit square metres square feet intermittently housing units include thousand vacation houses thousand houses agricultural works census recorded thousand housing units business purposes households owned housing mortgage loans repay related housing loans housing households vary type include single households couples single parent households couples children extended family households approximately homeless persons croatia largely living average rate croatia stands maximum rate recorded territory reached metropolitan area comprising stands significant rate observed second half 20th century census recorded population active agriculture census performed noted population active field points urban population reduction rural population	Demographics of Croatia	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
25440_EnvironmentalthreatstotheGreatBarrierReef	environmental threats great barrier reef great barrier reef world largest reef system composed roughly individual reefs islands stretch kilometres cover area approximately square kilometres reef located coast queensland northeast australia large reef protected great barrier reef marine park according report great barrier reef marine park authority climate change significant environmental threat great barrier reef major environmental pressures listed decreased water quality land based runoff impacts coastal development persistent impacts fishing activities reef threatened storms coral ocean report shows numerous marine life species recovered previous declines strength population continuing decline arc centre excellence coral reef studies wrote august conversation piece harmful government policies ongoing conflicts interest mining royalties risks equivalent magnitude consider climate change poor water quality coastal development impacts fishing area major threats reef scientists hughes stated cumulative effects combined impacts real issue conversation article colleagues mapped parts great barrier reef exposed ocean map great barrier reef presents exposure ocean reefs providing managers information need tailor management individual reefs great barrier reef singular reef physical barrier prevents exchange reefs mixture thousands productive reefs shallow areas lying continental shelf complex oceanic circulation history australian committed act partnership protect reef water quality monitoring programmes implemented criticised slow progress governments raising concern reefs continued risk sediment runoff australian government outlined action called completion strategic assessment reef area committee urged government use assessment data develop long term plan protecting outstanding universal value reef basis listing criticisms emerged expert community vague targets absence clear specific strategies mention implications climate change significant efforts state federal governments addressed key recommendations report published criticised government management great barrier reef warning area downgraded world heritage site danger major changes implemented report expressed extreme concern rapid rate coastal development highlighting construction natural gas plants recommended thorough assessments new developments affect reef approved specifically recommended new port development abbot point hay point australian foreign minister informed australian media use climate change talks held peru december avoid consisting experts nations applying danger listing bishop believed justification existed send message world meet criteria set world heritage committee risk place area danger list significant implications australia set dangerous precedent countries don opportunity action australia avoid great barrier reef listed danger introduced ports bill november bill seeks restrict port development coast brisbane priority port development areas including ports identified report bill decade long period exception priority ports additionally long term plan expansion water quality activities introduced state federal governments partner agencies response ports bill academics said december issues health reef declining consequently needs australian marine conservation society great barrier reef campaign director stated press release new fails rule currently proposed new dumping reef waters silent maintenance region millions tonnes dumping mega port developments pipeline able ahead bill despite establishment priority port development areas reef bill allow port expansion fails meet recommendation new port developments permitted outside existing port areas bill contains northern section reef delta improve water quality reef waters matters wants action water quality water quality identified threat great barrier reef thirty major rivers hundreds small streams comprise great barrier reef area covers square kilometres land queensland major urban centers coast including industrial city port raising concern dead fish found harbor largest coastal cities populations approximately major water quality affecting coral reef health including water temperature nutrients suspended sediment concentrations species great barrier reef area adapted variations water quality critical exceeded adversely impacted river single biggest source nutrients providing significant pollution reef tropical flood events pollution sourced farms water visibility decreased metres range human uses water area adjacent great barrier reef reefs risk zone water quality declined naturally acidic sediment chemical runoff farming coastal development loss coastal wetlands acts natural filter major factors industries water area cotton growing comprising approximately dairy farms average area cattle grazing including banana growing farming approximately wheat use cotton dairy beef sugar industries essential ensure productivity sugar cane harvesting methods form component surface runoff great barrier reef principal agricultural activity wet tropics sugar cane farming cattle grazing primary industry dry tropics regions considered significant threats high water quality copper common industrial waters great barrier reef shown interfere development coral flood flooding events associated higher levels nitrogen february climate system sediment runoff observed reaching regions reef runoff especially concerning region south receives rain year reefs kilometres away coastline farm run result excessive use mud pollution increased nitrogen pollution introduction european farming practices australian landscape pollution linked range significant risks reef system including intensified coral eating contributed loss live coral cover sampled reefs thought mechanism excess nutrients affecting reefs increased light oxygen competition algae unusually low create phase shift great barrier reef primarily coral primarily algae suggested poor water quality excess nutrients encourages spread infectious diseases general great barrier reef considered low coral diseases skeletal disease bony caused affects species families reef long term monitoring program found increase coral disease period dispute claim great barrier reef coral diseases caused pollution elevated nutrient concentrations result range impacts coral communities extreme conditions result collapse affects coral promoting growth increases number filter feeding organisms compete space excessive sediment land coral lead reef destruction burial disruption recruitment success community shifts sediments affect coral particles settle reducing light availability potentially reducing growth coral reefs exist impacts increased flood related stresses pollution mining freedom information request showed owned australian politician discharged laden water great barrier reef releasing tonnes long tons short tons toxic waste water occasion june stated intended release waste water continuously months times allowed maximum level heavy metals briefing stated company threatened compensation claim intend exert authority company operations response dumping incidents stated strongly encouraged company investigate options releasing material environment develop management plan eliminate potential hazard legislative control dam managed dumping following tour great barrier reef area members report criticised management great barrier reef specifically recommended new port development outside established areas abbot point december australian environment minister approved plan create shipping construction according corresponding approval documents process create million cubic metres dumped great barrier reef marine park area january issued dumping permit allow million cubic metres sea bed abbot point north transported waters great barrier reef marine park potential significant identified relation process sea floor area exposing air firstly new research shows finer particles cloud water block sunlight sea grass coral distances away point origin actions wind currents furthermore literally reef sea grass death storms repeatedly particles harm caused ongoing secondly disturbed sea floor release toxic substances surrounding environment abbot point port project dumped kilometres away near north queensland approval authority result production extra million tonnes coal annually worth billion billion authority chairman stated confirmation approval approval line agency view port development great barrier reef coastline limited existing ports port operation nearly years better placed ports great barrier reef coastline undertake expansion capital maintenance required significantly required areas important note approved disposal area consists sand clay contain coral reefs beds approval provided corresponding set new environmental conditions include following long term water quality monitoring plan extending years disposal activity completed heritage management plan protect second world war aircraft wreck establishment independent disposal technical advice panel management response group include community representatives numerous responses including online petitions published opposition proposal launched save reef campaign opposition dumping remained active signatures march addition online petition registered signatures march political activist group funding legal case conjunction non profit represents fight reef partnership australian marine conservation society maintains campaign collects online donations fund legal fighting team displayed nearly supporters website legal fighting team received support april following release sounds reef musical fundraising project produced digital album features artists herd featuring released april album songs sold website support partnership occurred late april ice cream company signed fight reef campaign early april company withdrew popular food flavour australia aquatic association potential awareness raising product withdrawal decision followed tours select parts nation involved representatives distributing free ice cream highlight reef damage issue response minister environment heritage protection queensland said contacting parent corporation explaining people taking reef ben jerry understand facts want ben jerry australian public informed brand manager stated newspaper ben jerry believes dumping world heritage waters surrounding marine park area detrimental reef ecology threatens health australia iconic treasures queensland state senator confirmed raised issue writing said campaign issue like company obligation tell australians truth truth australia strict laws protect consumers misleading behavior cost jobs development regional queensland irresponsible behavior company know better climate change according significant threat status great barrier reef climate change rise sea temperatures gradual ocean increase number intense weather events hughes writes failure state commonwealth address issue climate change august article furthermore temperature rise degrees result great barrier reef year reef scientist terry predicted degree rise global temperature result reef degrees result degrees result total devastation model based events concurred temperature rise degrees result total coral mortality scientists hold coral cases problem mainstream believes professor quoted australian conservative newspaper saying saying end world look highly dubious proposition research scientist documented astonishing levels recovery devastated related article australian newspaper goes explain expel narrow opening new temperature resistant algae team noticed dominant strain changed light heat sensitive type robust types coral reef researchers severely negative effects climate change occurring potentially disastrous effects climate change future reef depend planet climate changes high atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration levels allowed rise september report australian great barrier reef marine revealed carbon dioxide levels reached parts million reef habitats highly vulnerable carbon dioxide levels managed parts million moderately vulnerable reefs remain coral dominated global warming triggered collapse reef ecosystems tropics increased global temperatures thought bring violent tropical storms reef systems naturally recover storm people agree upward trend temperature cause coral suggest reefs die certain areas areas new reefs form rate mass events occur estimated faster reefs recover adjust report suggest trend ocean indicates sea decreases able calcium study showed robust great barrier reef slowed growth suggested cause heat stress lower availability dissolved calcium climate change implications forms life great barrier reef fish preferred temperature range lead seek new areas live causing chick mortality prey fish sea turtles higher temperatures mean sex ratio populations change sex sea turtles determined temperature habitat sea turtles shrink crown crown coral reef predator coral climbing stomach releasing digestive absorb tissue individual adult species eat square meters living reef single year geological evidence suggests crown great barrier reef ecology thousand years geological evidence crown large reefs outbreak contributed loss live coral cover sampled reefs study large believed occur natural cycles human activity great barrier reef effects reduction water quality associated agriculture cause crown larvae thrive runoff farming increases available larvae consume study showed doubling water leads increase crown larvae survival rate natural predators giant considered contribute increase number reef research centre defines outbreak adult area large reef observation began fourth began investigation undertaken mimicking chemical scent released natural predator giant species giant sharks cause disruption food chains vital life reef fishing impacts reef increased pollution boats catch unwanted species turtles reef habitat destruction anchors nets populations cause reefs observed significantly reduce studies sharks meat common kill shark throw overboard belief interfere fishing july approximately great barrier reef marine park protected species removal kind including fishing written permission illegal unknown zones study coral trout great barrier reef found zones coral trout coral trout larvae tropical cyclone events helped areas sooner shipping shipping accidents continue perceived threat commercial shipping routes pass great barrier reef estimates vessels greater metres length use great barrier reef route collisions occurred great barrier reef shipping route human error identified leading cause shipping accidents reef pilots stated consider reef route safer outside reef event mechanical failure ship sit safely repaired inner route ships travel great barrier reef known occurred great barrier reef region waste foreign species discharged ships ballast water procedures followed biological hazard great barrier reef compounds found paint ship hulls toxic marine organisms humans efforts underway restrict use april bulk coal carrier ran aground great barrier reef causing largest grounding date spill caused damage section great barrier reef use oil resulted oil spreading reef islands away ship great barrier reef region forecast increase years ship occurred oil suspected great barrier reef cap oil trap paper suggested right rock formation support great magnitude exploration activities increased queensland including wreck island southern great barrier reef 1960s drilling oil gas investigated great barrier reef seismic magnetic methods eastern princess charlotte bay coast late 1960s wells near channel near results dry responding concern oil canyon ordered production drilling petroleum area great barrier reef federal state governments ceased allowing petroleum drilling great barrier reef study concluded reef young contain oil reserves oil drilling remains prohibited great barrier reef oil shipping routes threat reef system total oil tropical cyclones tropical cyclones cause ecological disturbance great barrier reef types damage caused tropical cyclones great barrier reef varied including sediment decreasing following heavy rains cyclone joy patterns reef damage similarly cyclones paths came near great barrier reef cyclones pass great barrier reef day general compact fare better branching cyclone conditions major damage caused tropical cyclone larry underlying reef structures displacement overall consistent previous tropical cyclone events severe tropical cyclones hit queensland coast years period cyclones region weak category scale february severe tropical cyclone struck northern queensland caused severe damage stretch hundreds kilometres great barrier reef decade recover fully cyclone wind speeds kilometers hour threats second day round training exercise australian military personnel conduct joint activities week period unarmed bombs dropped great barrier reef jets unable land weight weapons minimize potential harm reef bombs weighing total metric tons pounds dropped meters water away reef coral structures bomb drop originally planned occur bombing range controllers reported area clear hazards emergency occurred australian senator responded news asking gone completely mad look area letting foreign power drop bombs	Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
26762_TourisminNunavut	tourism tourism focuses outdoor activities culture local indigenous people wildlife watching popular tourist attraction territory home number wildlife bird possible spot polar bears large variety birds outdoor adventure activities popular wide lengthy river system meaning large number opportunities suit experienced travellers vast territory offers opportunities hiking camping region extreme conditions remote location guide experienced tourism regularly publish tourism statistics exit survey conducted june october revealed people visited period june october vast majority visitors canadian travellers arriving canada leisure travel market dominated canadian visitors foreign visitors attractions features number outdoor adventure activity opportunities result territory vast area wildlife watching particularly popular activity territory home bird housing millions birds spread territory tourism authority promote watching trips specifically territory home population polar bears trips designed increase tourists chances spotting polar bear common number private operators offer wildlife bird polar whale watching tours addition activities popular activities tourists involve canadian territory vast opportunities possible territory lengthy rivers famous river popular summer despite having road access direct river visitors participate river year difficult navigate rivers popular outdoor adventure activity hiking tourism promotes having number short long available tourists camping possible middle grounds whale cove river white rugged terrain extreme conditions tourism recommends use guide staying night outdoors enhance safety tourism activity unique arctic north watching summer season april july possible watch moving rivers ice addition watching edge popular activity wildlife movement time seen swimming metres ice polar bears observed swimming briefly water amphibious animals bring dry land ice statistics tourism produce detailed statistics tourism numbers trends characteristics appeared changed tourism providing media outlets general figures trends tourism tourism brings approximately million economy year according tourists arriving cruise ships june october people visited air sea according territory percent increase number people visited air sea period people average age people arriving period conducted survey majority visitors territory business purposes percent business travellers entering territory domestic travellers canadian residents leisure traveller sub group proportion domestic travellers declines canadians percent leisure traveller arrival numbers travellers united_states percent countries percent making difference september july account percent arrivals making busiest arrival months popular tourist destination arrivals home territory capital visitors comprised percent travellers percent visited seven percent travelled remainder cruise ship passengers visited number towns journeys percent visitors travelled business leisure tourism popular reason given travel visiting friends family popular reason given travel cruise ships visited communities market issues tourism publication time right vision strategy tourism development number issues facing tourism operators highlighted major issue tourism industry territory remote nature high travel costs visitors drives tourism numbers addition position north reduces opportunity spring activities results highly based tourism market limits opportunities year round employment territory tourism organisations operators faced difficulty attracting high quality staff members ranks experienced high levels turnover limited links tourism operators opportunities inter sector growth number governmental human resource issues exist employees tourism industry poorly trained tourism operators face high staff turnover lack interest tourism development exists governmental organisations private sector policy place prevent market disruption new businesses led businesses denied operate new competition bring market policy acted competition tourism sector limited opportunities industry growth finally lack depth relevant statistics trends growth tourism prevented businesses planning long term	Tourism in Nunavut	Geography and places	Geography	General and human geography
1961_Evolution(advertisement)	evolution advertisement evolution advertising campaign launched promote newly created centre campaign second spot produced toronto canada piece displayed online october later broadcast television cinema spot netherlands middle_east created budget left earlier daughters campaign intended series online focused spots company later pieces include onslaught amy evolution directed canadian director sound design handled post production critical popular financial success won number awards advertising industry including awards discussed mainstream television programmes print publications exposure generated spot estimated worth evolution spawned numerous unofficial alternate versions including title sequence bbc sketch short parody gone nominated daytime emmy award sequence film opens pretty ordinary girl canadian cartoonist television producer joint director later married entering sitting studio harsh lights switched bars passage piece piano accompaniment heard short credits sequence provides title film credit dove camera switches time lapse sequence showing makeup hair artist making adjusting hair transforming beautiful billboard model final physical adjustments appearance team members camera series camera flashes begins photographer takes shots poses shot selected batch moved generic image editing software interface series adjustments alter appearance including limited neck adjusting curve shoulders altering hair skin eyes mouth final image rendered transferred billboard advertisement fictional brand foundation makeup video fades statement wonder perception beauty distorted film ends invitation dove real beauty workshops logo dove self esteem fund versions website address film originally produced background dove campaign real beauty launched coincide expansion dove brand solutions health beauty products general including shower hair care skin care products stage campaign centred series billboard advertisements initially united_kingdom later worldwide spots showcased photographs regular women place professional models taken portrait photographer ads invited vote particular model example fat wonderful results votes updated displayed billboard accompanying billboard advertisements publication dove report corporate study intended create new definition beauty free women self doubt encourage embrace real beauty series received significant media coverage talk shows women magazines mainstream news broadcasts publications generating media exposure estimated worth times paid media space following success campaign expanded media including series television spots flip pro age series print advertisements tested real curves culminated little girls global campaign featured regional versions advertisement print screen purchased second spot commercial break super bowl estimated cost seeking extend campaign creating viral videos host website daughters interview style piece intended mothers daughters related issues surrounding modern perception beauty beauty industry production daughters series short films titled beauty crackdown evolution promoted activation idea concept art director pushed proposed evolution produced money left budget daughters ended amounting total originally intended people website daughters participate workshops featured site production team brought included director female director win campaign fashion photographers makeup artist art director girlfriend model cartoonist producer canadian animated television programming chosen model evolution inspired write piece seeing time girlfriend spent applying felt ideal representation norm highlighting extreme changes models undergo fashion industry originally dubious taking role later stated proud joined campaign actual production took place course single day half hours footage taken portion film eventually condensed seconds final version stage dressed manner identical modern fashion shoots lighting camera positioned remove shadows face aid post production sound design took weeks divided sections hours spent creating mixes passage mix tested discarded version final film settled hours spent adding background noises piece including sped human voices starter pistol post production originally planned approximately days extended weeks photographer responsible digital actual photographs taken shoot supplied post production team digital intermediate stages transformation real photograph final image shown billboard cut assembled create functions shown sequence stretching neck adjusting size certain facial features post production work included head center shot sequence covering certain continuity errors creating billboard advertisement constructing false image editing interface release reception evolution incorporated website october order coincide start week uploaded art director video sharing website youtube shortly remained largely internet based campaign evolution appeared television commercial netherlands middle_east inside commercial breaks hills uploaded viewed times day million times month million times year having appeared discussed number mainstream television programmes including ellen degeneres view news networks cnn nbc overwhelming majority came support campaign message spaces mother daughter workshops sold immediately total exposure generated piece estimated october worth comparisons drawn campaign dove earlier purchase second spot super bowl super bowl spot cost estimated reached audience million generated boost traffic spot credited producing double figure growth sales dove product reported overall sales period following release evolution rose previous year evolution particularly popular critics advertising industry garnered number awards debut october favourite run win festival grand prix category generally considered prestigious awards industry ultimately prize went entries advertising brand fame promoting fashion company website products evolution evolution went win grand prix film category beating pretty inc paint sony line high definition television sets power wind wind energy initiative victory attracted certain controversy jury switched evolution category entries ineligible win grand prix corporate image category minute chairman jury said decision moved category felt strongly trying break rules set went hearts minds asked festival result win evolution entry festival history home grand prix awards categories web based advertisement win film category followed piece went win number awards including silver category film grand prix gold prizes london international awards gold prize interactive category legacy evolution popularity evolution presence video sharing websites led inevitably large number alternate versions parodies uploaded public months parodies youtube received million hits far successful professionally piece entitled evolution evolution emmy award nominated short film created parody original evolution spot late piece directed known work mineral water television cinema commercials produced production company post production work role model taken teenage boy instead having applied time lapse sequence given fast food alcoholic cigarettes transforming course thirty seconds overweight middle aged adjustments similar image editing interface evolution subject neck shortened features tattoo added image transferred billboard advertisement fictional brand man cream piece ends fade statement thank god perception reality distorted wants look ugly people parody uploaded video sharing website youtube december promoted month received hits went nominated number prestigious awards including comedy short form viral categories awards outstanding comedy category daytime emmy awards popular critical attention received led production company bbc comedy sketch hell harry paul contacting production company produce introduction similar vein title sequence hell harry paul begins shot familiar time lapse sequence shows pair given cigarettes fast food hair cut removed slowly joint hosts hell removed pair shirts camera billboard advertisement similar title displayed underneath works shortly releasing evolution online post production company uploaded minute making documentary includes interviews creative directors photographer post production director digital artists sound designer discuss stages post production process creation spot making includes shot evolution storyboard short segment scenes footage shoot showing process debut evolution dove quickly ordered follow online advertisements onslaught amy appeared online october written directed pair predicted prove popular evolution companies attempted use formula mixed results commented campaigns beauty launched comprising television print online segments push message dove campaign	Evolution (advertisement)	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
3454_UsTareytonsmokerswouldratherfightthanswitch!	fight switch fight switch enduring slogan appeared magazine newspaper television advertisements cigarettes visible campaign 1960s 1970s beginnings slogan created advertising agency print advertisement appeared life magazine october advertisements appear solely print television advertisements slogan aired target campaign create sense loyalty led fight switch campaign makeup models wore sporting black eyes presumably earned battles cigarettes television advertisements commercial begin predictable manner protagonist considered defiant commercial old woman chair porch rest development razed room commercial protagonist fight switch usually showing profile camera slogan viewers face noticeable black eye reality makeup proving willingness fight believed tough decision day choice smoke cigarettes aforementioned example old woman fighting spirit won house remained built close property son came visit revealed black eye later years success advertisement briefly enjoyed robust sales american cigarette brands mid late 1960s brand declined somewhat thirteenth slogan waned radio television advertisements tobacco products banned american broadcasting stations television ended ban slogan continued magazines newspapers slogan recognition brand received slogan advertise cigarettes introduced cigarettes new advertisements men women sported white eyes updated slogan light fight sell separate variations market value declined slogan notable final slogan brand declining sales led end advertising brand cultural impact fresh slogan adopted supporters campaign presidency appeared nomination hand primary season closed supporters moderate republican tried mount draft scranton reply girls adult women seen scranton events wearing sporting signs saying fight switch single released label parodied slogan song fight slang term meaning behave thomas tnt civil rights activist parodied slogan point vietnam war speech quoted saying best trained best educated best equipped best prepared troops refuse fight matter fact safe switch fight audio clip speech later prelude public enemy single fight power april advertisement windows phone pictured camps fighting apple iphone users slogan don fight switch famous fighters actors later known reasons appeared ads examples include future entrepreneur appeared print actor featured television commercial	Us Tareyton smokers would rather fight than switch!	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
5609_Where'sHerb?	advertising campaign fast food chain television commercials featured fictional character named described having eaten life called fans visit local hope finding winning prize campaign included promotion customers discounted including phrase order people confused know looked like appearance revealed people lost interest promotion promotion poorly received campaign firm hired design campaign commercials created suffering marketing efforts promotion designed counter marketing efforts mcdonald spending estimated million promote mcdonald found success beef commercials commercials launched november created advertising firm expense approximately million executive vice president marketing oversaw creation campaign continued direction company vice president marketing settling firm considered names oscar campaign began weeks cryptic messages designed create interest promotion mentioned newspaper advertisements banners football games distributed public november commercials aired cbs nbc abc premise commercials person united_states eaten advertising agency created fictional biography character claiming raised wisconsin worked cheese factory sold ducks character commonly referred character played actor randomly appear restaurants nationwide identity revealed super bowl january shown wearing white black flood pants thick glasses customer spotted win restaurant discovered entered draw promotion grand prize million draw won louisville kentucky present spotted city center mall addition encouraging people search added promotion marketing campaign claimed angry eating restaurants offered cent everybody discounted price customers ordering customers named told looking reception campaign led controversy early year old boy spotted restaurant alabama believed won age minimum age participating promotion prize money given boy older friend time defended decision stating restriction intended dissuade students school search boy parents complained representative matter brought state senate passed resolution condemning actions consumer fraud world_wrestling_federation appear guest boxing match wrestlemania april star beef commercials appeared event working guest battle royal promotion met positive reviews time called clever columnist chicago_tribune stated famous men america ultimately promotion described flop advertising campaign lasted months discontinued franchise owner stated problem absolutely relevant message initial results positive lost appearance revealed super bowl profits fell result poorly received campaign dropped future advertising million account initially given months went agency having problems wanted improve line restaurants including capitalized promotion advertising ate locations	Where's Herb?	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
8068_Designmanagement	design management design management business discipline uses project management design strategy supply chain techniques control creative process support culture creativity build structure organization design objective design management develop maintain business environment organization achieve strategic mission goals design establishing managing efficient effective system design management comprehensive activity levels business operational strategic discovery phase execution phase simply design management business design design management encompasses ongoing processes business decisions strategies enable innovation create effectively designed products services communications environments brands enhance quality life provide organizational success discipline design management overlaps marketing management operations management strategic management traditionally design management seen limited management design projects time evolved include aspects organization functional strategic level recent debate concerns integration design thinking strategic management cross disciplinary human centered approach management focuses collaborative style work mode compared practices associated traditional management recent years design strategic asset brand equity product quality companies organizations apply design management improve design relevant activities better connect design corporate strategy extended definition nature design management leads varied opinion making difficult overall definition furthermore design managers broad range roles responsibilities factors combined multitude influences industry involved company size market situation importance design organization activities result design management restricted single design discipline usually depends context application individual organization abstract level design management plays key roles interface design organization market key roles align design strategy corporate brand strategy manage quality consistency design outcomes different design disciplines design classes enhance new methods user experience create new solutions user needs competitor designs defining quotes design management effective deployment line managers design resources available organization corporate objectives directly concerned organizational place design identification specific design disciplines relevant resolution key management issues training managers use design effectively design management complex multi activity goes right heart company susceptible pat bullet points manual company structure internal culture different design management exception fact firm different diminish importance managing design tightly effectively definition related terms design unlike unique sciences mathematics perspective activity discipline design brought generally accepted common historical beginnings design complex nature design subject ongoing discussion design strong theory practice fluid nature theory allows designer operate constrained rigid structure practice decisions referred divided design different classes design management operates classes product industrial design packaging design service design information graphic design branding media design web design environment retail design exhibition design interior design management management business organizational activities act getting people accomplish desired goals objectives efficiently effectively management comprises planning organizing leading directing controlling organization group people entities effort purpose goal encompasses deployment manipulation human resources financial resources technological resources natural resources end 20th century business management came consist separate branches human resource management operations management production management strategic management marketing management financial management information technology management responsible management information systems difficult management functional categories way helps navigating discipline management design management overlaps mainly branches marketing management operations management strategic management design leadership design managers operate area design leadership design management design leadership like management leadership differ objectives achievements objectives accomplishments outcomes design leadership leads creation vision changes innovations implementation creative solutions communication collaboration motivation sets ambitions points future directions achieve long term objectives contrast design management responds given business situation specific skills tools methods techniques design management requires design leadership know design leadership requires design management know history difficulties arise tracing history design management design management expression mentioned literature earlier contributions created context expression arise history design management influenced number different disciplines architecture industrial design management software development engineering movements system theory design attributed directly design management business managing product aesthetics corporate design early contributions early contributions design management different design disciplines coordinated achieve business objectives corporate level demonstrate early understanding design competitive force context design merely understood aesthetic function management design level project planning practice managing design achieve business objective documented established munich architects business firms state sponsored effort better compete great_britain united_states integrating traditional craft industrial mass production techniques german designer architect created entire corporate identity product design publicity etc regarded industrial designer history work large scale demonstration viability initiatives objectives considered contribution design management following years companies applied principles corporate identity corporate design increase awareness recognition consumers competitors famous attention design corporate design activities hired publicity department promoted product design department develop design comprehensive corporate philosophy inspired compelling brand character ceo retained american architect industrial designer develop corporate wide consisting coherent brand design strategy design management system guide oversee comprehensive brand identity elements products graphics exhibits architecture interiors fine art seminal effort inclusion considered comprehensive corporate design program america 1960s debates design community focused corporate design debates management addressed time total quality management product specification main proponents design management time managing design systematically 1960s 1970s work designers 1960s influenced industry debate design evolved aesthetic function active cooperation industry designers work team engineers design perceived product development process early years design management strongly influenced system science emergence design science period design germany great_britain main contributors backgrounds architecture early discussions design management strongly influenced literature studies theories business studies design management dealt main issues develop corporate systems planning aims solve problems information processing instruments developed structure processes decisions companies successful corporate development period main contributors design management debates design disciplines focusing design science design wicked problems new german design scenario technique managing design strategic asset 1980s 1990s 1980s managers realized economic effect design increased demand design management companies unsure manage design market focusing helping organizations manage product development process including market research product concepts projects communications market launch phases positioning products companies important works published editor book french researcher editor new method based design management approach helped improve communication technical marketing managers examples new methods included trend research product effect style mapping product screenings design methods service design giving design central role organizations management community topics management theory positioning strategy brand management strategic management advertisement competitive strategy leadership business ethics mass core strategic intent reputation management system theory discussed main issues debates design management included topics design leadership design thinking corporate identity plus involvement design management operational tactical strategic levels senior managing director design introduced design management system regards design production marketing single unit important contribution definition design core element business ceo chief creative director continuing work align design processes business processes design strategy important asset overall business strategy appointed corporate head initiated strategic design management effort collaboration design consultant return roots established intent reprise brand image customer experience driven quality contemporary product innovation highly successful product emerge strategy innovative award winning products followed served position design strategic asset brand turnaround efforts initiated newly appointed ceo consultant following year tenure hardy served integration brand design philosophy guiding principles comprehensive design management system strategic corporate asset significantly helped elevate image follower global brand design leader dramatically increased brand equity value managing design innovation 2000s 2010s design management taken strategic role business academic programs design management established design management recognized european_union function corporate advantage companies nations main issues debates included topics design thinking strategic design management design leadership product service systems design management influenced following design trends sustainable design inclusive design interactive design design product design influenced later management trends open innovation design thinking notion term design management term architectural management coined architects highlighted tension management individual projects job management management business office management use term design management stressed identical issues design community discussed design work played important role development design devoted attention problems form context focused complex design challenges constituent parts approach solution intention bring structure solving design problems term design management published series articles series includes pre publication chapter book considered comprehensive literature design management thoughts system theory project management led framework deal design business function corporate management level providing language effectively manage till 2000s design policies history reaching end 19th century design programs roots crafts sector implemented sweden finland established munich better compete great_britain united_states success inspired group british designers business people seen cologne found campaign greater involvement government promotion good design design management managing design policies founded president british wartime government objective promote means improvement design products british industry germany realized national importance design world war adolf hitler design architecture propaganda increase power shown annual september coordinated design activities hitler including black uniform designed professor concentration camp designed prototypes nazi concentration camps redesign commissioned 1990s practice design promotion evolving governments policy management design management promote design efforts technology manufacturing innovation promotion conference till 2000s america chicago industrialist founded world war way bringing business designers benefit conference topic design function management chosen ensure participation business community years business leaders stopped attending increased participation designers changed dialogue focusing need collaboration business design business community failure understand value design instituted june recognize outstanding examples design policy organizations maintained consistently high standard aspects design management industries disciplines awards introduced term design management medals given companies ltd category current achievements companies heal son category long pioneering field design management medal selection committee included representatives council faculty founded boston mid-1980s international non profit organization seeks awareness design essential business strategy leading resource international authority design management year later conference organized increased international presence established professional development program design management funded project years focal point innovation policy analysis learning development aim encourage companies especially small medium enterprises introduce design management procedures improve stimulate innovation establish european knowledge sharing platform organize identify test new activities promote education teaching design managers pioneered honorary fellow long standing fellow previously embedded design management joining later founded collaboration led years talk entitled design use managers provided background introduction wide scope design industry commerce appreciation power design management resource produced books based design talks design management papers remembered introducing concept design undertaken non designers influential paper founded established international training program organized year create aims bring experts different fields concept design business management design leadership fellowship university_of_oxford founded year founded school faculty intended advance innovation founded merger established finnish universities design management program switzerland offers undergraduate studies design management completely taught english research international research project design management research project initiated president year developed published issue publication solely focusing design management flagship publication discipline design design management experienced different generations theories generation design focused object second process user similar shifts seen management design management parallel steps design management illustrated bremen model framework design management research organised organizational studies design economic sector design large firms studies specific methods design management difficult predict design management research heading different types different types design management depend type strategic orientation business product design management product focused companies design management focuses mainly product design management including strong interactions product design product marketing research development new product development perspective design management mainly focused aesthetic aspects product express product qualities manage diverse product groups product design platforms applied user centered design perspective brand design management market brand focused companies design management focuses mainly brand design management including corporate brand management product brand management focusing brand core design decisions results strong focus brand experience customer touch points reliability recognition trust relations design driven brand vision strategy corporate brand design management market brand focused organizations concerned expression perception corporate brand corporate design management develops maintains corporate identity brand type brand management strongly anchored organization control influence corporate design activities design program plays role quality program fields organization achieve uniform internal branding strongly linked strategy corporate culture product development marketing organizational structure technological development achieving consistent corporate brand requires involvement designers widespread design awareness employees creative culture knowledge sharing processes determination design leadership good work relations support work corporate brand management product brand design management main focus product brand management lies single product product family product design management linked research development marketing brand management present fast moving consumer goods industry responsible visual expressions individual product brand diverse customer brand touch points execution brand design service design management service design management deals newly emerging field service design activity planning organizing people infrastructure communication material components service aim improve quality service interaction service provider customers customer experience increasing importance size service sector terms people employed economic importance requires services designed order remain competitive continue attract customers design management traditionally focuses design development manufactured products service design managers apply theoretical approaches systematic strategic management service design helps business gain competitive advantages conquer new markets companies identify interests customers use information develop services create good experiences customer open new profitable business opportunities companies service sector addressing service challenge services physical form seen purchase taken home services unlike products service delivery experiences alike services act supplying service customer act consuming services service design management differs ways product design management example application international trading strategies services difficult evolution service attitude services requires development new tools approaches policies goods manufactured centrally delivered globe services performed place consumption makes difficult achieve global quality consistency effective cost control business design management business design management deals newly emerging field integrating design thinking management organisation management theory design thinking forms characterizes innovative human centered enterprises focuses collaborative style work mode thinking compared practices associated traditional management term define business design application design thinking principles business practice way problem solving way thinking characterized deep understanding user creative resolution tensions collaborative continuous modification ideas solutions approach problem solving applied components business management problem solving process forms core business design management activity universities offering similar academic education concepts including initiated program engineering design management engineering design management knowledge area engineering management represents adaptation application customary management practices intention achieving productive engineering design process engineering design management primarily applied context engineering design teams activities influences design teams planned guided monitored controlled output engineering design process ultimately description technical system technical system artifact technical object production facility process plant infrastructure benefit society domain engineering design management includes high volume mass production low volume infrastructure urban design management urban design management involves range self interested engaged production built environment encourage joint search mutually beneficial outcomes development development aims produce sustainable solutions increasing satisfaction process resulting urban development conventional real estate development urban planning activities subject conflicting interests negotiation approach mutual gains approach applied land use planning environmental management coordinated approach real estate development city design urban planning urban design management involves chain events production built environment according principles negotiation negotiation urban development planning activities reach efficient agreements leads developments sustainable ways produce built environment urban design management offers advice practitioners trying organise city planning activities way increase increasing satisfaction levels real estate development urban planning occur different decision making scales practitioners involved diverse educational professional backgrounds certainly conflicting interests providing advice differing possibly conflicting groups requires construction framework daily activities responsibilities urban design management provides common framework help bring conventional practices urban regional planning real estate development urban design work negotiation consensus building mutual gains approach provide helpful theoretical framework developing theory urban design management negotiation theory provides useful framework merging perspectives urban planning city design real estate project proposals production built environment interests key construct negotiation theory important variable allow integrated development defined occur path breaking work getting yes advises focus interests mutual gains instead positions architectural management architectural management defined ordered way thinking helps realise quality building acceptable cost process function aim delivering greater architectural value client society research describes architectural management set practical techniques architect successfully operate practice term architectural management use 1960s evolution field architectural management smooth affair architectural practice merely considered business second world war practitioners appeared concerned conflict art commerce demonstrating indifference management apparent conflict image architect need professional management architectural business reluctance embrace management business inherent architectural practice seen architectural education programmes publications appears management architectural design architectural management general given importance architectural management falls distinct parts office practice management project management office management provides overall framework individual projects commenced managed completed architectural management extends management design process construction project management facilities management buildings use powerful tool applied benefit professional service firms total building processes continues receive little attention theory practice business value business design plays vital role product brand development great economic importance organisations companies creativity design particular activity design skills methods processes play growing role creating products services high added value consumers design generates world export revenue creative industries products goods services creative industry workforce total employment european_union creates revenue gross value creative industries attained unprecedented average annual growth rate cent increasing importance creative industries especially design knowledge intense industries reflected policies studies levels initiated design creative policies programmes advanced economies furthermore design creativity recognised regional local level driving force economic growth job market citizen satisfaction investment creative cultural industries considered significant component growth europe strategy designers increasingly involved innovation issues better understand value design role innovation holds public consultation basis publication design driver user centred innovation published mini study design tool innovation report highlights importance design user centred innovation recommends integration design innovation policy addition design share export creative industry products design positive impact business performance turnover profit market share design management research results classified follows design improves performance innovation policy communications policy firm design improves global performance firm profitable investment design profession creates value economic level design improves competitive edge country international competition develops exports design help restructuring economic sector regional economic policy design management applied company importance integration design company depends industry type company size ownership design type competitive research led danish design ladder shows companies interpreted applied design differing depth non design companies use design design companies use design appearance design process companies integrate design development process design innovation companies consider design key strategic element research showed companies considered design higher level ladder constantly growing additionally published evaluation importance design result companies considered design promoter innovation growth potential company products user friendly increasing importance design company design management important value design managed research shows link level design investment business success instead strong design management skills business success means efficient effective design management crucial value design effective design management increases efficiency operations process management significant positive impact process management improves quality performance internal external quality increases operating performance measure communicate value design management suggests adapting balanced score card model values following categories internal business processes design management innovation process providing improvements company performance processes innovations processes totally invisible outsiders learning growing advanced design management design explicit knowledge applied strategic focus improves quality staff customer brand design management perception brand design knowledge applied corporate difference building strategic positioning financial historic design management economic model design management explicit value company reputation stock market performance relation disciplines departments different choice design management identified companies influence perception management responsibility design managers organisation strategic market focus product focus brand focus product driven organisations design responsibility research development departments market focus driven organisation design responsibility marketing departments brand focus driven organisations design responsibility corporate communication depending strategic orientation design management overlaps management branches differing marketing management concepts elements brand management overlap design management practice design management job profile marketing manager discipline includes aspects domain marketing management intersection called brand design management consists positioning personality purpose personnel project practice objective increase brand equity operations management operational level design management deals management design projects processes tools operations management applied design management execution design projects strategic management increasing importance design supporting role brand equity design management deals strategic design issues supports strategic direction business enterprise debate design thinking suggests integration design thinking strategic management design thinking strategic thinking characteristics synthetic hypothesis driven value driven innovation management value coordinating role design new product development documented design management help improve innovation management measured reduces time market improving sources communication skills developing cross functional innovation networking innovation managing product customer information flows internal teams external suppliers society actors improves learning process promoting continuous learning process hierarchy like management strategy design managed levels strategic corporate level enterprise wide tactical business level individual business units operational individual project level levels termed differently authors years operational level operational design management involves management individual design projects design teams goal achieve objectives set strategic design management success good design management measured evaluating quality operational design management outcomes includes selection management design suppliers encompasses documentation supervision evaluation design processes results deals personal leadership emotional intelligence cooperation management internal communications regular management functions tools concepts applied management design operational level implemented achieve specific design objectives manage judgment design proposals help build brand equity consistent creation implementation high quality design solutions best fit brand identity desired consumer experience efficient way depending type company industry following job titles associated role operational design manager senior designer team leader visual communication manager corporate design coordinator tactical level tactical design management addresses organisation design resources design processes goal create structure design company gap objectives set strategic design management implementation design operational level defines design organised company includes use central body coordinate different design projects activities deals defining activities developing design skills managing processes systems procedures assigning roles responsibilities developing innovative products service concepts finding new market opportunities outcomes tactical design management related creation structure design company build internal resources implementation design depending type company industry following job titles associated function tactical design manager design director design innovation manager brand design manager new product development manager visual identity manager strategic level strategic design management involves creation strategic long term vision planning design deals defining role design company goal strategic design management support strengthen corporate creating relationship design corporate strategy includes creation design brand product strategies ensuring design management central element corporate strategy process strategic design management responsible development implementation corporate design programme influences design vision mission positioning allows design interact needs corporate management focuses long term capabilities design strategic design management applied strong belief potential differentiate company gain competitive advantage design result design thinking integrated corporate culture depending type company industry following job titles associated function strategic design manager chief design officer vice president design innovation chief creative officer innovation design director role responsibility design management standard model projected enterprise specific way applying leads guaranteed success design management processes carried humans different responsibilities backgrounds work different industries enterprises different sizes traditions whilst having different target groups markets serve design management different applications views design management function design management organisation depends tasks authority practice task similar tasks grouped categories describe job profile design manager different categories management encompass design defined authors tasks occur design management levels strategic tactical operational authority position authority position design management function large influence design manager daily job distinguishes design management types function design management line function design management staff function design management support function design management line function directly responsible design execution primary process place levels design management hierarchy main attributes design managers line authority direct responsibility result design management staff function directly responsible design execution primary process specialist levels design management hierarchy main attributes design managers function limited authority need consult line managers staff design process defined secondary process design management seen supportive function function supportive character classifying design manager creative specialist product management brand management marketing communication authors use different concepts describe authority position design management grouped follows design policy 2010s today developed countries kind design promotion programme dedicated issues design policy development initiatives promote design different focuses specific targets tend address following objectives support business increase use design companies particularly small medium enterprises grow design sector use dimension promote public increase exports design attract international investment international dimension educate designers improve design education research academic dimension comprehensive analysis situation design national level britain cox review chairman sir published communicate competitive advantage design british industry innovation policies excessively focused supply technologies demand user initiatives support research design design management recent years european wide policy support design planned inconsistencies differences design policies nation nonetheless currently plans include design innovation policy education 2010s design management origins business schools increasingly embedded curriculum design schools particularly level teaching design managers pioneered programme design management design school started 1980s middlesex design management courses sustainable including westminster middlesex courses flourished including ones recently providing specific point view design management annually publishes lists best programmes combine design thinking business thinking schools article finland world innovation hot spot shows interest business leaders blended education design management acted interest developed new academic integrated education models emerging academic world model referred shape shaped education shaped professionals taught general knowledge disciplines management engineering specific deep knowledge single domain design model applies companies shift focus small innovations innovations involving discipline like big innovations innovations involving disciplines like design lead user etc like education shift makes breaking departments disciplines knowledge essential	Design management	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
12371_Greenmarketing	green marketing green marketing marketing products presumed environmentally green marketing incorporates broad range activities including product modification changes production process sustainable packaging modifying advertising defining green marketing simple task meanings intersect example existence varying social environmental retail definitions attached term similar terms environmental marketing ecological marketing green environmental marketing new marketing approaches adjust enhance existing marketing thinking practice seek challenge approaches provide substantially different perspective detail green environmental marketing belong group approaches seek address lack fit marketing currently practiced ecological social realities wider marketing environment legal implications marketing claims caution misleading claims lead regulatory civil challenges united_states provides guidance environmental marketing claims commission expected overall review guidance legal standards contains history term came prominence late 1980s early 1990s proceedings workshop resulted books green marketing entitled ecological marketing reports started ice cream seller financial report supplemented greater view company environmental impact document prepared defined sustainable development meeting needs present ability future generations meet need known step widespread thinking everyday activity wave green marketing came form published books called united_kingdom united_states_of_america according author new rules green marketing strategies tools february organizational standpoint environmental considerations integrated aspects marketing new product development communications points nature green suggests suppliers retailers new enlisted including members community environmental issues balanced primary customer needs past decade shown consumer power effect positive environmental change far easier said called green consumer movements countries struggled reach critical mass remain forefront minds public opinion polls taken late 1980s shown consistently significant percentage consumers strong willingness favor environmentally conscious products companies consumers efforts real life remained best green marketing challenges lack standards public consensus constitutes green according writer green marketing essence definition good good comes product company making green marketing claims lack consensus consumers activists influential people slowed growth green products says companies reluctant promote green attributes consumers skeptical claims despite challenges green marketing continued gain adherents particularly light growing global concern climate change concern led companies advertise commitment reduce climate impacts effect having products services greenhouse gas reduction market emerging greenhouse gas reduction market potentially projects important local environmental economic quality life benefits protocol clean development mechanism example enables trading industrial developing nations providing framework result capital flows environmentally beneficial development activities united_states participating protocol programs enable similar transactions voluntary regulatory basis international trade greenhouse gas reductions holds substantial promise source new funding sustainable development market largely inaccessible smaller scale projects remote communities developed facilitate participation benefits barriers overcome including lack market awareness prospective participants specialized somewhat complicated participation rules need simplified participation mechanisms small projects transaction costs financial benefits participation barriers adequately addressed greenhouse gas trading play important role supporting activities benefit people lives environment popularity effectiveness ongoing debate popularity marketing approach effectiveness debated supporters claim environmental appeals actually growing number label example appears different companies models product categories washing machines light homes despite growth number green products green marketing decline primary sales pitch products green years primary author states market effectively green businesses need market different audiences deep green lazy green approached differently different trigger points buy audience marketing effectively usually requires emphasizing product superiority care planet hand green gauge shows high percentage consumers feel environmental products don work conventional ones unfortunate legacy 1970s shower heads natural left clothes given choice customers reach synthetic premium priced happy planet day including earth day new reports growing trend green products confusion challenge green old new likely face green products messages common confusion marketplace consumers understand lot issues lot confusion says founder author green marketing opportunity innovation advantage confusion purposely false exaggerated green claims critics refer practice green washing corporations increasingly recognizing benefits green marketing thin line benefit social responsibility reasons term refers industries adopt green acts underlying purpose increase profits primary objective provide consumers feeling organization taking necessary steps manage ecological reality company little environmentally beneficial term practice placing notices hotel rooms asked guests reuse save environment noted little suggest interested reducing environmental impacts interest washing fewer motivated concern save costs environment central feature debates marketing communications awards established numerous campaigns law developed attempt reduce curb benefit corporations january brand register benefit corporation status benefit corporation alternative standard counterpart operates legal premise creating positive impact socially environmentally materials uphold corporate social responsibility terms considering workers community environment challenge current boundaries areas report activity company achievements social environmental areas publicly non partisan party source statistics according market researcher population identified true consumers seek regularly buy called green products classified consumers buy green chief marketing officers looking touch points consumers big big big touch point served says director corporate executives talk extremely convinced able sort strong case environment going work line percent americans stated willing pay percent compatible products environmentally conscious individuals willing pay percent green products today americans pay little extra green products important challenge facing identify consumers willing pay environmentally friendly products apparent enhanced knowledge profile segment consumers extremely useful communication scholar author innovations claims following factors help determine new idea adopted including shift green relative advantage degree new behavior believed beneficial outcomes current practice easy witness outcomes new behavior ease new behavior tested individual making commitment compatibility degree new behavior consistent current practice complexity difficult new behavior implement stands describes integrated rapidly growing market goods services appeal consumers sense environmental social responsibility influences purchase decisions short nmi estimates consumer market products services usd billion sold consumer segments segments defined nmi include active environmental dedicated personal health heaviest green socially responsible products early influence heavily motivated primarily personal health considerations tend purchase products items intentions good follow trends easy affordable currently engaged green purchasing embrace behaviour believe difference primarily focused careful resources right thing save money unaware environment societal issues mainly time means consumers largely focused getting green marketing mix model green marketing mix contains product producer offer ecological products environment protect existing environmental damages price prices products little higher conventional alternatives target groups like example willing pay extra green products place distribution logistics crucial importance main focus ecological packaging marketing local seasonal products vegetables regional farms easy marketed green products imported promotion communication market stress environmental aspects example company possesses certificate certified publicized improve firm image furthermore fact company spends expenditures environmental protection advertised natural environment important ecological products probably require special sales promotions additional social marketing process knows audience appeal multiple groups people public external internal groups involved program external include target audience secondary audiences internal involved way approval implementation program partnership social change issues including green initiatives complex person group handle groups initiatives team chance policy social marketing programs individual behavior change difficult sustain environment supports change long run policy change needed media advocacy programs effective complement social marketing program purse strings strategic effort cost funding effort level strategic quasi strategic tactical activities undertaken company strategic area effectively firm substantial changes production processes opt leverage positioning environmental leader strategic necessarily strategically integrated marketing activities strategic product area individual belief environmental claim lacks honesty negative effect attitude brand consumer grants credibility claim individual behave environment problem extending credibility brand consumers interested ecological products generally skeptical commercial advertisements skepticism factors lack language absence scientific knowledge necessary interpret advertising meaning particular advertising techniques resolve problem independent organizations choose guarantee messages environmental benefits brands environmental labeling systems sponsored independent organizations practice tries diminish perceived environmental information promoting information aim improving confidence evaluation environmental benefits products positively affect purchase intention life cycle assessment late 1980s new instruments life cycle assessment invented allowed ecological considerations introduced marketing decisions life cycle assessment model seeks identify main types environmental impact life cycle product developed according main goal define energy environmental profile finished products reasons use arose need precise process accounting highlight potential improvements order increase environmental energy economic efficiency overall effectiveness processes addition purpose environmental advantages use recycled raw material example example building sector buildings today account world energy use resulting carbon emissions substantially higher transportation sector new buildings energy necessary built day millions today inefficient buildings remain standing necessary start reducing energy use new existing buildings order reduce planet energy related carbon growing interest space attention architecture sector directed environmental issues according principles green building mineral vegetable animal materials rock wool glass wool plant fibers cotton wood fiber sheep wool production panels green marketing cases phillips marathon shot marketing standalone compact light versus cents product difficulty climbing deep green niche company launched product marathon new super long life positioning promise saving energy costs year lifetime finally label add credibility new sensitivity rising utility costs electricity shortages sales climbed percent flat market car sharing services car sharing services address longer term solutions consumer needs better fuel savings fewer traffic tie ups parking complement environmental benefit open space reduction greenhouse gases thought time sharing system cars consumers drive miles year need car work save thousands dollars annually joining services including car chicago twin cities electronics sector consumer electronics sector provides room green marketing attract new customers example promise cut global energy use percent year accomplish reduction levels announced plans deliver energy efficient products services institute energy efficient operating practices facilities worldwide products services companies offering friendly alternatives customers recycled products example popular alternatives benefit environment benefits include sustainable forestry clean air energy efficiency water conservation healthy office example commerce business office supply company offers web tool allows replace similar items shopping cart products introduction delhi capital india fast pace forced change alternative directive issued completely adopt public transport systems curb pollution	Green marketing	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
12675_BillCosbyinadvertising	advertising american comedian popular spokesperson advertising 1960s starring television role early 2000s started white owl later endorsed including new united states census held record longest serving celebrity spokesperson product work won president award contributions advertising black people appear united_states advertising spokesperson known appeal white consumers second half 20th century industry seen slow accept diversity spite making contradictory soft drink pitches endorsing financial company continued considered effective believable 1980s studies found familiar spokesperson point attributed wealth contracts opposed television series allegations sexual assault significantly damaged public image public opinion polling following news placed near list personalities rated trust effectiveness personality director public relations told magazine believable personalities god peak advertising career mid-1980s score meaning percent responding survey united_states residents thought highly deeming familiar industry publication said year reign industry public approval index surpassed pope separate celebrity index listed second trusted celebrity list celebrities people pay attention television professionally advertising director considered company greatest weapon said magic happens camera starts enthusiasm tempered personal level finding arrogant mentioned blow ups set biographer said comes father figure teacher friend advertisements marketing manager consumer products group said represents comfort people trust educator asked comment said remembered black male authority figure people folks don live edges country think good black guy trust guy representative said synonymous quality products quality services agreed saying advantage able selective said belief product attribute stating presented didn care sales stop right screen obviously believe product aim sell think better anybody article said endorse number products retain credibility individual sell shortly signed appeared convention refused drink bottle carried stage saying waiting ate settle said childhood experienced periods addiction consuming bottles career advertising 1960s american advertising industry initially reluctant use black fear white customers king cole nationally syndicated television series hosted african american found national sponsor cancellation cole said madison avenue afraid dark advertisement white owl liked slogan going agent spokesperson appeared times late night talk program tonight success american comedy television series spy debut later said commercials black person holding buying product absence pictures retrospect said lot despite stigma black spokesperson sales product rose according entry age encyclopedia public acceptance appearing equals spy possible black people white people commercials bill radio program debuted sponsored series syndicated radio stations advertising agency 1970s began promoting said comedian program brand sponsored previous spokesman pitched brand previous campaigns brand launch targeted parents children practice company departed early commercials later written comedy writers disagreed writers wanted food hungry thought substance satisfy hunger wanted use word appetite introduced company frozen product spokesperson sold million year introducing frozen company frozen sales reached million engaged promote product line mid-1980s introduced product called sales increased seven percent year promotion appeared commercials campaign smile guest appearance great major convention held year campaign continued work decade received advertising age named advertising personality magazine named commercials called kids best advertising campaign time 1980s magazine found african americans command highest fees paid advertising feature highlighted rare african americans hired complete campaign opposed single advertisement despite overall increase opportunities agents told magazine earned million current advertising contracts fifth income rest earned live performances returned spokesperson campaign series commercials mocking advertisement series showed machine mock brand author called said commercials misleading showed choosing directed series commercials personally disliked said presence advertising ended campaign hired appear television advertisements company home computer paid million year campaign company touted education adults children campaign aimed parents children campaign commodore face mystery program offering head home computer operation scrapped advertisements focus product educational value vice president marketing said celebrity draws attention product president reagan ads wouldn sell computers product sells celebrity causes indirect sales entrepreneur bought stock company push increase african american participation company response pressure push campaign height wars persuaded executives create air commercials praising sweet aired areas sales dominant commercial series features describing advertisements broadcast october independently owned demanded commercials run markets said despite upcoming contradiction ads boost image years simultaneously testing possible new variations soft drink decided sell product formula new launched prepared public response change talking points journalists writing new ask ads new series advertisements showed dressed campaign described faced widespread public backlash internal dissent ultimately original drink recipe returned classic days following reversal editorial cartoon featured pouring creative executive new introduction said decision hire commercials edited debuted biggest hit 1980s reviving sitcom genre nbc series premiere told reporters income commercials ford las_vegas shows financially secure point featured advertisements bird eye frozen foods contract end year added endorsements august began promoting series print television advertisements comedy concerts company accused fraud needed spokesperson liked soon commercials aired company merged late december added agency account photographic processing system list estimated million contract included commercials featuring run print television point sale promotional programs purchased columbia decided revenues spy comedy offset losses leading release columbia announced spend million film taking account success television series record sales book promotions included posters spy cameras point sale contest win cars acted produced film initially supportive close release date publicly distanced film failed net loss million 1980s appeared public service announcements increase black participation bureau recruited miss america turner 1990s 2010s continued spokesman 1990s present lighting brand billboard new_york times square 25th year spokesman final year appeared advertising company distributed copies picture book series american public libraries despite transitions advertising agencies merger remained appeared utah state senate designate official state promotional visit returned executive producer company hello campaign return brand sponsored weekly web children interview series similar time considered longest standing celebrity endorsement american advertising history advertising hall fame induction ceremonies march winner president award contributions advertising special achievements field criticism village_voice writer said past prime reasons making spokesman commercials established heels white owl evolved kind self kind perpetual noble satirical editorial nation written imagined voice echoed comments authors touch lower class african americans response sentiment said buddy says didn mind commercials ford cars ideal toys business south_africa bill commercials buddy didn understand commercials improve race relations showing black man money hungry white man proving men brothers told magazine business paid wealthy read number dollar goes remember everybody takes cut lawyer agent publicist company comes says like talk enjoy wearing warm suit money right going house kid mom served fruit cocktail growing want pay eat products eat came lower economic area money business business great deal careers depends keeping public eye think performers advantage commercial offers satisfied product sexual assault rape allegations october stand comedy routine addressing allegations rape went viral youtube november posted message requesting images twitter feed images posted response related allegations fresh respondents minds numerous women came forward victims alleged actions television special series development cancelled refused address situation lawyer said actions decade old allegations media outlets commented way actions clashed image america dad felt believe claims time alleged incident given status advertising told media america called publicity surrounding allegations drastic effect reputation seen following drop ratings march rating rating public perceptions roughly personalities published company marketing arm placing trusted celebrity november fallen placing spot depending source company separate rating consumers view effective product spokesperson saw drop spot point 5th awareness increased 63rd 51st marketing arm warns ratings fall said celebrities margin error rating time accusations updated scores score expected executive vice president said polling midst scandal likely score effects companies scores updated different intervals meaning directly comparable relatively unaffected social media allegations brand mentioned percent posts considered low negative connections continued including rapper freestyle rap article franchise magazine pointed moments commercials awkward retrospect	Bill Cosby in advertising	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
14292_SecondGeneration(advertisement)	second generation advertisement second generation television advertisement introducing air jordan brand basketball shoes depicts signature moves nba career recreated present day young basketball players world included moments nba playoffs iconic slam produced directed advertising agency kennedy casting began november filming took place january debuted television february advertising publications gave favorable reviews second generation win major awards listed 2nd generation tagline let game speak production conceived agency kennedy barnes shopping mall noticed youths wearing air jordan shoes despite jordan having retired look food court knew kids flag creative directors explained thought fact version alive loves basketball moments jordan career game people love man love sport immediately imagine scene taking advantage incredible moments kennedy hired direct art director said choosing gets brings flavor music composed arts casting calls held cities november asked boys ages amazing basketball skills amazing recreate greatest moments basketball court young basketball players auditioned days recalls process absurd casting main challenge finding players match jordan jumping ability toughest shots cast older players casting complicated rules national collegiate athletic association ncaa play college basketball future couldn appear filming took place los_angeles january action set present day world scenes place africa china chicago new_york_city scene seconds long depicting young basketball player famous jordan moment slow motion actors shown footage moves performing performances based memories staff fine tuned scenes accuracy sequence opens young man place music starts simple line played muted synth bass young man tongue signature jordan player drives basket tongue hanging moment game jordan scored switching hands avoid music starts growing complexity adding violins new bass line piano takes camera shows young man young man spreads arms defensive stance jersey colored red yellow black evoke africa asian boy basketball young woman shoots fall away music adds second violin line snare drum young man performs rock cradle slam young man jordan free throw line nba star game slam contest shot original scenery imitated set colors match colors chicago stadium crowd spaced way crowd jordan wear modern clothes set present intent point viewer aware significance shot said built action way created tension spot commercial continues build viewer recognize scene scene scene camera cuts aftermath shot young man jumps air pumps fist young man opposing jersey floor moment nba playoffs jordan hit game winning jump shot guard jordan shot crossover past utah jazz guard end game scenes musically punctuated bass drum roll crash finally young man hitting shot jordan scoring point field goals half game rhythm music beats resumes level camera shows jordan street clothes watching jordan shown seconds smiling said shot wanted sure commercial people understood michael role mentor coach nod approval end way saying camera cuts young player tagline let game speak shown scene fades black logo logo reception received positive reviews advertising publications listed day best spots february shoot named spot week espn wrote deserves considered list jordan commercials creativity called executed boards called rich detail instant second generation win major industry awards effort august pretty starring fare better category february anonymous jordan fan uploaded breakdown youtube showing original footage interview commented video pretty awesome watch	Second Generation (advertisement)	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
15037_Winstontastesgoodlikeacigaretteshould	tastes good like cigarette tastes good like cigarette enduring slogan appeared newspaper magazine radio television advertisements cigarettes brand introduction best known american tobacco advertising campaigns ranked eighth best radio television aired united_states 20th century deliberate use like provided advertising agency overall campaign directed executives serving producer director visual recording production related campaign initial years adams trained musician right singer model pianist ghost wrote husband recorded group song johnson quick hand word cigarette caught america ear surprise success second johnson folk tune skip faded obscurity departure time advertising campaign target distinct niche groups apart core wasp american jews african americans catchy campaign come piece consciousness people young alive remember campaign occurred slogan remembered added simpson beginnings future president charge marketing new addition line gray listened advertising employees slogan tastes good like cigarette ought considered replaced tastes good like cigarette print appeared september life following month sponsor news variety time television advertisements aired radio television radio television advertisements slogan presented fashion noticeable beat near end sound like win tastes good like cigarette noise substituted actors commercials knocking twice truck carrying cigarettes actor lighter twice cigarettes sponsors television series series stars virtues smoking reciting series later come fire advertising cigarettes animated series watched children pulled involvement series character born grammar controversy campaign long run media criticized slogan incorrect tastes good cigarette nash new_yorker published poem ran like goes madison avenue like goes nation hosting morning refused line written announcer instead says provocative use like instead created minor sensation implies phrase responsible brand second place market overtook mall cigarettes cigarette united_states advertising campaign continued impression mass media fall small literary communities united_states published new international dictionary dictionary editors refused condemn use like conjunction cited tastes good like cigarette example popular use publication new_york_times called edition wrote general decay values players spoke line stretched boundaries tastes good like cigarette ought sought image chose respond slogan want good grammar good taste mad magazine published parody cover january issue set cemetery featured written past tense good like cigarette mean cigarette want good grammar good taste wanted live lot longer new slogan wide use tastes good like cigarette retired permanently actor claimed responsibility wording slogan interview playboy magazine garner narrated original commercial stated action captured film line provided noted advertisements appeared print debut television cast doubt garner claim	Winston tastes good like a cigarette should	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
18257_Gorilla(advertisement)	advertisement british advertising campaign launched promote dairy milk brand chocolate second television cinema advertisement formed million campaign created directed starred actor campaign comprised appearances billboards print newspapers magazines television cinema spots event internet presence handled advertising agency online segment contracted hyper advertisement appeared british television august gone appear number countries including canada australia south_africa new_zealand received public version uploaded video sharing website youtube received page views week launch polling company reported public perception brand noticeably improved period following launch reversing decline experienced half description consists simple second tracking shot music studio air tonight playing background large sitting drum kit plays song famous drum fill background formed major pitch secure contract proposal step away pushing product traditional advertising means instead produce entertainment pieces appeal broader range consumers spread viral marketing word mouth end ended year sponsorship popular soap coronation street public perception brand slipped series public relations product recalls number lines found contain bacteria originating leaking pipe company factory incident widely reported media number knock effects people ill product recall costing million initiated failure inform months problem discovered resulted million fine birmingham advised company improve date contamination testing procedures public relations run campaign included distribution number easter eggs containing traces nuts warnings million campaign cancelled complaints offensive temporary closure historic cemetery near boston united_states result treasure hunt organised sales promotion announced cutting jobs internal memo later leaked revealed jobs moved poland causing outcry manufacturers trade unions production hoped new campaign serve boost sales prompt higher brand engagement public effort making advertisement new marketing strategy hit creative idea founded notion communications enjoyable eating bar argentine born creative director created immensely successful balls paint spots sony line high definition television sets wrote directed piece acting creative director art director director marked directorial debut people involved campaign included senior account executive executive creative director agency producer production company producer actor hired fill central role previous work similar roles having played great feature films instinct remake planet suit created california city london famous trader known east end simply angry man inside secret anthony immediately released cover feel coming air tonight private dancer rolling_stone_magazine called best thing happen music stopped singing took months produce pieces large number projects prior fur suit composed hairs exposed facial features moved remote controlled motors technicians needed addition actor inside suit produce range motions displayed commercial suit cooled ice water handheld fan pointed mouth takes suit existed prior project adaptations including custom hands drum sequence foam muscle chest shoulders new addition gold tooth grey hairs studio rock star appearance shooting took place days famous rehearsal studios london actor michael spent hours practising drumming vision inside suit limited camera feed small screen inside head precision impossible takes ended wooden drum sticks broken sending wood flying camera combined difficulty delicate movements head michael acting meant takes required produce final second scene spot director photography edited london post production handled london companies main body producer golden square end frame producer sound designed arranged london release marketing television premiere advertisement friday august finale eighth series united_kingdom reality television big brother watched british viewers additional second spots commissioned september switching second cuts october second version final commercial break final rugby world cup england south_africa october face bass drum english flag slogan bring home variant broadcast week earlier semi final rugby world cup england france october face bass drum english flag slogan come spot cost estimated billboard print campaigns set run alongside television commercial sponsorship deal great run charity fun run london september set online presence established competition glass website offering tickets las_vegas glass website created hyper digital marketing strategy following positive reception commercial united_kingdom online arranged advertisements cinemas canada november online tie ins launched including online game competition win suit purple drum kit year supply chocolate bars advertisement premiered new_zealand television monday june advertisement helped air tonight enter new_zealand rianz singles chart number july went number following week beating original peak august commenced airing australian television released united_kingdom ireland new backing track total eclipse heart according newspaper guardian new version pays homage internet mash artist remixed original tyler total eclipse heart july visitor attraction birmingham opened new area advertising avenue end attraction chocolate invites guests enjoy selected clips favourite broadcast monitors culminating lights previously noticed drum booth coming sized drumming reception campaign received british public commercial uploaded video sharing website youtube shortly aired viewed times week november viewed million times large number video sharing facebook groups set named love drumming members number parodies quickly uploaded approval british branch created uploaded directed version advertisement replacing model musician glass half joy replaced cups joy permitted limited display modification commercial spot later removed youtube following piece copyright air tonight parodied introduction second half children need special actor dressed taking central role british comedy series mighty features drumming named played actor appeared viral video auditioning promote series video later included easter egg dvd release series speculation appeared real man suit believed drummer asked collins jokingly commented better drummer hair sing air tonight popular online download following appearance commercial reaching chart position singles chart despite given physical release downloaded track day itunes store despite reservations campaign prove abstract little effect reported sales dairy milk increased period measurements public perception brand carried market research firm showed people looked favourably brand period general release previous period company expressed success campaign notwithstanding fact spot originally broadcast online united_kingdom commercial appeared news english speaking countries canada australia plans limited expansion campaign markets june broadcast new_zealand marketing website shopping centres models men suits handing samples dairy milk chocolate advertisement won numerous awards including film festival gold gold advertising creative circle awards gold black gold awards bronze award gold fair awards film grand prix lion cannes lions widely considered prestigious prize advertising community vh1 classic shows man play air tonight famous drum solo comes holds pair tune drum solo sequels remixes march began rolling sequel campaign ideas airport trucks written directed features heavily airport ground support equipment racing night queen don stop september second advertisement featuring total eclipse heart broadcast channel_4 big brother final new version paid homage internet mash artist remixed original tyler total eclipse heart immediately followed version airport trucks prayer mid march version shown australia playing drums voice version heavily criticised australian public seen inferior copy original tried use potential resurgence singer mentioned concerts time january new launched featuring dancing september saw beans dairy milk new record label based campaign glass half saw song	Gorilla (advertisement)	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
18854_Historyofpublicrelations	history public relations textbooks consider establishment founding public relations profession academics found early forms public influence communications management ancient settling new world movement abolish slavery england considered founder public relations united_kingdom establishment academic believes founded britain victorian propaganda united_states united_kingdom germany rally domestic support enemies world wars led sophisticated commercial publicity efforts public relations talent entered private sector historians believe public relations established ivy lee spread internationally american companies departments spread practice europe created european result marshall plan second half twentieth century considered professional development building era public relations trade associations news magazines international agencies academic principles profession established early 2000s press release services began offering social media press releases manifesto predicted impact social media controversial time effect social media new internet technologies broadly accepted ancient origins term public relations developed academics like identified early forms public influence communications management ancient according pioneers main elements public relations practically old society informing people people integrating people people said historic events defined decision quarrel clay tablet found ancient iraq promoted advanced agricultural techniques considered known example public relations egyptian persian leaders created statues promote divine right lead additionally claims magic religious authority persuade public king right rule ancient greek philosophers aristotle created early theories rhetoric greece advocates hire called said public book public relations communication management said largely ethical lot principles communication egypt court advisers consulted speak honestly documented deeds wrote campaign biography promoting military successes commissioned poems support political position medieval europe organized managed collective reputation england lord acted rulers subjects pope urban recruitment referred public relations effort founded term propaganda created congregation faith trained missionaries spread christianity term carry negative associated government publicity world war early created result lobbying english barons insist recognize authority church explorers like columbus exaggerated claims settlers come new world example area virginia described captain follows soil plentiful sweet world colonists wrote europe hardships virginia including death toll caused conflicts indians pamphlets anonymous authors circulated potential settlers criticisms newsletter daily newspaper founded germany respectively cardinal france pamphlets supported policies attacked political opposition government created publicity bureau called information propaganda weekly newspaper originally controlled french government gazette sides english civil war conflict pamphlets attack defend monarchy respectively poet wrote anonymous pamphlets advocating ideas divorce establishment republic importance free speech anonymous pamphlet influential criticizing advocating alliance british dutch austrian governments harvard_university sent england raise money missionary activities indians support fund raising university produced earliest fund raising new_england fruits early version press release columbia_university sent announcement graduation ceremonies newspapers printed information princeton university routine practice supplying newspapers information activities college according professor systematic forms began public started organizing social political movements established england published books posters hosted public lectures england advocating slavery industries relied slavery attempted persuade middle class necessary slaves humane living conditions abolished movement abolish slavery began establishment american anti slavery society tactics adopted british abolitionist movement according abolitionist movement available device communication appeal action petitions pamphlets political lobbying local societies south responded defending slavery basis economics religion constitution cases propaganda promoting abolition slavery forbidden south killed jailed public relations played role abolitionist movements france australia europe called public relations event pseudo event staged event intended influence public pamphlets american crisis spread anti british propaganda united_states slogan taxation representation revolution won disagreements broke united_states_constitution supporters constitution sent letters called papers major news outlets helped persuade public support constitution exaggerated stories persuade public fight war mexico migrate west respectively author said public relations 1800s spontaneous centralized 1920s americans wanted perspective french american democracy run mob sense history sense gratitude served sense meaning virtue combat perception french helped fund american revolution invited tour united_states community visited created committee welcome promote visit founded known circus manipulative techniques example announced museum exhibit year old woman washington nurse produced elderly woman forged birth certificate early environmental campaigning groups like formed late 1800s late 1800s standard practices media relations conducting interviews press conferences emerged industrial firms began promote public image german steel armaments company krupp created corporate press department write articles communications advertising firm corporate department established public relations department created inventor industrialist hired men pet project alternating current electricity scholars believe appearance term public relations year book railway literature origins profession book today public relations introduction says experts disagree public relations origins identify early 1900s beginning paid profession according academic field anchors work historical events order improve perceived validity didn begin professional field said somewhat place beginnings public relations establishment boston explains origins exact date developed time series events textbooks public relations developed united_states expanding globally academic united_kingdom said developed simultaneously claims began professional field 18th 19th century british victorian according academic activities didn begin professional field 1920s according academic efforts time damage control according newspapers virtually mass circulation magazines featured detailed articles describing industry public corrupted politics public abruptly critical big business anti corporate pro reform sentiment reflected newspapers dramatically increasing circulation cost paper decreased public relations founded defend corporate interests sensational hyper critical news articles influential promoting emergence mass production early pioneers agency founded boston journalists including ivy lee ivy lee called father influential establishing professional practice lee published declaration principles said work open accurate cover topics public interest according historian declaration principles marked beginning emphasis informing misleading public ivy lee credited developing modern press release way street philosophy listening communicating public lee helped facilitate positive media coverage inviting press scene railroad accident despite objections executives time secrecy corporate operations common practice lee work identified spin propaganda mining union blaming massacre strike miners families killed state militia family coal mining operation family behalf lee published called facts concerning struggle colorado contained false misleading information lee warned losing public support developed strategy junior followed repair necessary junior overcome personally colorado meet miners families inspect conditions homes factories attend social events especially listen closely grievances novel advice attracted widespread media attention opened way resolve conflict present versions response labor press said lee twisted facts called paid hired public opinion company announced start publicity campaign perceived errors opened new press secretary started publicity programs nephew referred father profession theorist work 1920s took approach audiences carefully understood persuaded things client perspective wrote textbook taught college course introduced practice groups order protect tobacco interests 1930s started course influenced theories authored books including propaganda engineering consent saw applied social science uses insights psychology disciplines scientifically manage manipulate thinking behavior public helped cigarette brand increase sales female demographic research showed women reluctant carry pack cigarettes brand green color scheme clashed popular fashion choices persuaded fashion designers charity events interior designers color green positioned cigarettes represent rebellion norms male dominated society according lee initial spectacular successes raising art snake oil salesman calling true late careers lee took clients clearly values exposing work public criticism contributor early theory work books public opinion coined term manufacture consent based idea public consent experts support democratic society journalist considered founder founded agency authored world code ethics field clarke wrote look true look complete credit gone suggested selection facts campaigns persuade public considered father corporate public relations work company experiencing resistance public efforts early 1900s assessed percent press coverage negative reduced percent changing business practices information press according business historian page positioned company public utility increased public appreciation contributions society said advertising dollars newspapers manipulate coverage team write feature stories published written independent journalists early campaigns influential growing clan million members years publicity techniques early 1920s formed british government encourage preference goods produced britain folded government cuts pamphlet projection england advocated importance england managing reputation domestically abroad established presidents emphasize use publicity 1930s roosevelt media promote new deal blame corporations country economic problems led companies recruit defend roosevelt anti trust efforts led corporations attempt persuade public bigger corporations necessarily evil wilson media promote government reform program formed 1930s create major campaign promoting capitalism pro business viewpoints lobbied unions new deal hour work day tried unsuccessfully convince public interests public aligned corporate interests create association commerce democratic principles second world war promised man uniform gets bottle cents costs company company persuaded politicians crucial war effort sugar established europe based companies departments created european amid concerns dropping diamond prices sales volume advertising agency adopted strategy strengthen association public mind diamonds romance larger finer diamond greater expression love known america great campaigns successfully public purchase expensive luxury items time financial stress psychological manipulation led development slogan diamond forever influential diamonds marketed world war signs public relations profession began france established marshall plan wartime propaganda world war organized large scale propaganda campaigns world war germany created create pamphlets books communications intended support cause encourage voluntary recruitment enemy persuade america remain neutral conflict response learning germany propaganda british created war propaganda agency called september stories real alleged hatred enemy especially rape belgium france created propaganda agency publicity australia led lift government ban military drafts austria-hungary propaganda tactics attack credibility italy leadership motives war italy turn created led allied propaganda austria-hungary week united_states declared war germany president established propaganda agency alternative demands media censorship army navy spread positive messages present upbeat image war denied fraudulent atrocities anger enemy recruited minute men volunteers spoke war social events minutes result world war propaganda shift theory focus factual emotional appeals psychology crowd term propaganda originally associated religion church widely known concept world war propaganda develop negative nazi propaganda world war germany world war propaganda considered advanced nations adolf_hitler said propaganda utilized claimed superior british propaganda main reason losing war nazi_germany created propaganda march nazis took power nazi party took editorial control newspapers created news organizations established nazi controlled news organizations conquered regions nazi party posters films books public speakers tactics according historian broadcasting important medium propaganda war posters domestically dropped enemy lines air ship regions conquered germany citizens punished death listening foreign broadcasts britain organizations involved propaganda understanding audiences different countries propaganda focused fighting freedom connection war efforts industrial production soviet posters focused industrial production countries citizens subordinate government aggressive propaganda campaigns continued peace time liberal democratic nations primarily use propaganda techniques support war efforts professional development according historian 1940s public relations taught universities professional occupation relied similar way lawyers doctors failed obtain complete recognition profession history author said reputation profession getting worse said progressing true professional status academic said achieved quasi heath said despite field newfound ethics reputation effected history behavior number media outlets increased talent wartime propaganda entered private sector practice public relations reach political activist corporate objectives development press real time media led heightened scrutiny public relations activities represent example richard_nixon criticized office responses scandal trade associations formed followed london similar trade associations created australia europe south_africa italy singapore founded held conference year british book public relations publicity published founded called lady public relations female president today largest firms founded respectively created media tour 1950s touring country twins professional salon home care products period trade magazines like week founded founder known international pioneer major firm create strong international network 1960s 1970s followed establishing operations london 1960s began competing internationally asia europe regions influential companies extend efforts french market convincing french businesses engage activities early 2000s latin_america began developing pace par nations according public relations evolved series press agents manner theory practice 1980s research published academic journals like led industry consensus work step process research planning communication action social digital 1990s communicating certain audiences certain market segments emerged investor relations technology new internet technology social media websites effected strategies tactics april managers created manifesto manifesto established way social media internet technologies going change business concluded markets faster companies getting information manifesto created storm strong detractors supporters year published book permission marketing advocated advertising favor marketing useful educational initially controversial commonly accepted social media important role public relations press releases unchanged century began integrate digital features introduced smart news release incorporated audio video images followed release created shift communications response blog written journalist blogger titled die press release die die die incorporating digital social features norm wire services companies started routinely making company announcements corporate blog according new_york_times corporate communications shifted monologue way communications new media easier consumers learn mix ups example horizon oil spill tried blame parties claim spill significant focused science human interest stories related damage emerging facebook tried spread privacy concerns competitor created communications crisis allegedly repeatedly negative comments facebook page iraq war exposed created false radio personalities spread pro american information paid iraqi newspapers write articles written american troops	History of public relations	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
25528_TheLife(advertisement)	life advertisement life known television cinema advertisement launched microsoft promote person shooter halo united_states second piece follows young soldier training battle drop shock analogous drops space battlefield life created advertising agency production commercial handled production company directed post production conducted asylum filmed hungary outside coal abandoned factories sequence aesthetic commercial associated campaign proved hugely successful week launch halo selling game xbox worldwide million copies sold weeks release life went win number honours advertising entertainment industries including awards honours prestigious awards ceremony advertising industry sequence life opens military funeral rows candles arranged floor burn plays assembled mix military personnel civilians attend red flag removed revealing deceased young man looks cloth folded passed woman song welsh begins play attending officer orders gun salute hungarian camera cuts scene young man having head shaved montage scenes depicting undergoing recruit training camera cuts ahead man drop pod entering atmosphere alien planet battlefield emerges fire alongside soldiers moving corpses fire knocks aside sending helmet flying face fires pistol avail saved falling crashes killing film jumps ahead veteran soldier oversees memorial service fallen comrades amidst burning ruins recruit bears resemblance younger soon sounds gunfire draws team fight closing lines transitions halo production background microsoft decision consolidate marketing efforts single advertising agency years partnership different agencies product line entertained pitches agencies roster ultimately assigned global account assigned task promoting killer app xbox video game halo launch campaign hugely successful selling million copies game worldwide success halo led series sequels tie merchandise including books action figures launched multi platform global advertising campaign titled believe included minutes live action sequences called landfall promote latest game halo series halo landfall directed agreed direct length halo film cancelled funding disagreements believe proved critical financial hit million sales day release highest grossing opening sale entertainment product time believe received dozens awards advertising community including awards best andy awards grand prix film integrated campaigns prestigious awards ceremony advertising industry according believe second awarded integrated advertising campaign success landfall life halo forward unto dawn created audience halo released initially minute episodes online later released ninety minute extended cut dvd blu ray microsoft considers step advertising material length film development director halo franchise said film time right live action shorts advertisement halo reach focusing halo universe shorts deliver hope appeal customers unfamiliar series filming early received brief create new campaign latest halo series person shooter called halo game franchise feature series protagonist master chief returned pitch campaign vein believe aiming soldiers featured halo universe project brought collaborators believe handle new campaign given working title life director known work production company campaigns lava return inc given weeks produce commercial days set aside filming locations scouted shooting eye aesthetic included areas ukraine tight schedule locations distant different scenes end spots outside hungary settled cooling tower active nuclear power station dressed act backdrop opening funeral scene open pit coal served setting battle scenes abandoned aluminum factory stage closing funeral scene drew inspiration shooting style aesthetic commercial variety sources including news footage journalists embedded military forces afghanistan russian feature films come details commercial consistent established halo canon creators halo series provided information aspects ranging appropriate fur color rank insignia armor weaponry soldiers post production filming complete contacted post production company asylum begin work substantial visual effects component life team led supervisor size scale work required apparent given deadline weeks work opening funeral scene relatively easy requiring creation minor elements additional foreground color correction actors true training sequence minimal tracking work backgrounds required bulk visual effects work battle sequence ranged simple work wire removal creation dynamic lighting reflections armor particle effects background smoke dust weapon fire alterations filmed explosions lend appearance given explosions halo games entire background projection paintings dramatic skies partially substantial adjustments scaling twice size fine muscle movements creature elements aircraft drop pods created entirely use cgi software included flame maya animation rendering tracking work music life scored composer human worldwide music arrangement light lament created specifically featured wide variety instruments elements included military snare drums hand drum log drums stones tapped joined traditional string orchestration double bass cello vocals provided despite native speaker language sang welsh lyrics provided williams release reception life premiered online second cut september social networking website myspace news review website ign followed appearance national television second spot days later commercial break spike airing world war miniseries additional second spaces purchased variety television networks including espn history spike life available download xbox live september continued air television release halo september christmas period launch accompanied print advertisements new interactive website featuring making documentary life interviews director crew members scene cut ending commercial interactive elements exploring features game evaluation application offering profiles game characters release september halo immediately best selling title xbox worldwide weeks million copies sold life went win number awards advertising television industries including honors awards life received nominations 57th cannes lions international advertising festival prestigious awards ceremony advertising community going win gold cinematography silver direction bronze film category	The Life (advertisement)	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
26115_Cog(advertisement)	advertisement british television cinema advertisement launched promote seventh generation accord line cars follows convention machine utilizing chain parts taken accord developed million marketing campaign partner pieces sense everyday broadcast later year piece produced budget million directed seven month production contracting mill handle post production second final cut broadcast british television april commercial break itv coverage brazilian grand prix campaign successful critically financially domain saw web traffic hours television début automotive brand received entire month branded content attached interactive television accessed people people followed request accord dvd copy advertisement media reaction advertisement equally independent described creating water cooler conversation year daily_telegraph believed certain advertising legend high cost second slots televised commercial breaks meant version broadcast handful times united_kingdom australia sweden despite limited run regarded groundbreaking influential commercials 2000s received awards television advertising industries commercial history success persistent accusations creators sequence opens close transmission bearing rolling board hub hub turn rolls gear wheel falls board wheel camera tracks slowly left right following chain reactions gallery space complexity interactions increases commercial progresses growing simple collisions release cable scales constructed multiple carefully balanced parts swinging mobile suspended glass windows later sequences begin use accord electronic systems automated water sensors attached blades start crawling floor door door mirror indicator automated window let pass majority takes place complete silence sounds coming collisions pieces broken activation player accord begins playing single rapper delight sequence ends button electronic key pressed closing fully assembled accord carefully balanced trailer car rolls trailer stops cover bearing accord narrator asks isn nice things work screen fades white piece closes logo brand motto power dreams production background sales products europe decline company position number japanese automotive company toyota taken european consumers perceived brand cars lesser quality produced european manufacturers survey quarter respondents wouldn dream buying car climate kennedy proposed new advertising strategy based company japanese motto power dreams stated goal campaign increase share market percent years change public image brand dull functional warm consumer friendly lower marketing budget predecessors demanded series promotions united_kingdom adopted explored dream like scenarios television campaign explicitly introduced premise campaign asking happen world favourite word okay replaced pieces campaign order seats bus lane television big radio progressively surreal featured ranging traffic cone leopard fur trees growing traffic lights branches creative director proposed new television cinema advertisement promote seventh generation accord line recently rolled europe japan advertisement based complex chain reaction moving parts accord approved given working title pre production walker working portfolio included world record holding second advertisement produced depression awareness booklet pair approached rough low budget second trial film inspired children board game breakfast making machine film swiss art film der way things executives intrigued demanded cut actual automotive parts giving permission ahead scale project approved budget million recruited london based team logistics shoot detail team comprised engineers special effects technicians car designers sculptor spent month working parts accord design advertisement set finalised approval script took month insisted specific accord features door wing mirror indicator rain sensitive appear final cut company planned highlight features sales hired direct piece known directing award winning music videos including child number air feel filming wanted compose advertisement little computer generated imagery possible believing final product appealing audience end set months aside creation hundreds conceptual drawings detailing possible interactions parts months practical testing development testing phase script broken small segments comprising interactions ideas deemed testing crew explosions collisions rear sections car abandoned remaining segments slowly brought final sequence developed final cut consists continuous second shots taken later post production appears moment rolls floor days filming required shots days minute long section filming sessions lasted seven hours work parts needed positioned accuracy sixteenth inch despite detailed instructions derived testing period small variations ambient temperature humidity settling dust continually threw movement parts end sequence early took minutes day initial transmission bearing roll correctly second testing filming takes needed capture final cut team hand assembled roll trailer end advertisement stripped parts sections early scripts abandoned total certain accord components time production finished accumulated spare parts filled articulated post production needed limited post production work decision early computer generated imagery possible reduce work required specialist flame editing tool real mill spent lot time set filming advised film crew particular sections accomplished easily filming manipulating image constant movement components camera difficult achieve seamless transition second shots sections required minor video editing frame stay closer action removal wires highlighting spray water adjusting pace dramatic purposes release reception schedule aired british television sunday april filled entire commercial break itv coverage release widely remarked media articles appearing daily_telegraph independent guardian tabloid papers day debut website received hits time history overnight second popular automotive website second version advertisement aired times days initial screening slots chosen maximum impact high profile sporting events football match version aside favour second second variations continued air weeks shortened versions use newly introduced interactive options television network viewers encouraged press button remote control bringing menu allowed viewer second version advertisement menu options included placing order free documentary dvd dvd included insert million newspapers week commercial contained making documentary featuring interviews scenes footage production process virtual tour accord original music video rapper delight illustrated guide parts shown interactive second versions proved hugely successful people menu option spending average half minutes dedicated advertising area significant number watched looped second version minutes opened menu requested dvd data collected interactive option arrange number test drives expansion campaign worldwide market number logistical difficulties cost airing second commercial proved markets combined use different advertising agencies different regions relative autonomy business units marketing decisions meant screened selected markets united_kingdom sweden australia cinemas handful countries markets including united_states way audiences piece internet handful unpaid broadcasts news channel review programmes traffic websites weeks downloaded million people mid number twice estimated people united_states voluntarily chose watch commercial financial terms unprecedented success spent network achieved greater response previous million direct campaign sales vehicles united_kingdom jumped percent despite lower marketing public relations spending company increase prices relative competitors visits rose average month percent resulting purchase compared percent campaign credited increasing revenue nearly accusations shortly appeared television received letter creators art film der film known advertising industry creators approached times offers right use concept declined letter pointed similarities work warned agency considering legal action basis film content false impression endorsed use interviewed magazine pair clear wished consulted advertisement given permission asked media publications quickly picked story asserted process litigation car manufacturer comparisons case british director complained drinks allegedly work anticipation campaign brand stout matter complicated fact kennedy acknowledged film served inspiration distributed copies work script writers ultimately file lawsuit kennedy awards despite lingering shadow accusations drew unprecedented critical acclaim received awards commercial history awarded commercial 33rd awarded commercial jury gave piece highest score commercial recorded jury chairman commented opinion best commercial seen years awarding silver awards president elect said piece entrances engineering quality quality thinking leaves smile having swept majority award ceremonies advertising community date widely believed favourite industry award chief competition thought sheet metal saturn automobiles held disadvantage chairman cannes voting jury founders kennedy firm responsible creating tradition holds bad form chairman jury vote piece agency result cannes surprise longest judging period festival history went event favourites instead jury awarded prize lamp advertisement directed chain furniture stores voted second british ear tennis xbox video game console chief speculated reasons outcome debate surrounding told couple people jury told reason didn win cause didn want seen awarding people corners said copied legacy advertising popularity recognition received led number companies create pieces similar vein parody simply explore design space works deliberate parody advertisement assistance service summer parts replaced tractor wheel space impetus provided runners works created advertising agency written directed previous work included spots oscar nominated short film refused permission copy guidelines prevented second works spots appearing british television instead shown online promoted works went win number awards right including categories creative circle awards bronze award club asked received permission kennedy produce television advertisement style advertise coverage football events local radio stations directed produced shows pieces sports equipment team shirts knocking sequence versions broadcast tailored advertise local station pleased gain extra publicity managing director kennedy london commented happy time bbc runs person watches thinks campaign magazine listed balls sony line high definition imitated commercials recent times pieces believed draw inspiration piece breakfast second animated advertisement advertisement football coverage point advertising stout asked similarities point executive creative director advertising agency replied knew similar places executive creative director look things like decision fact huge internet campaign meant thought wasn near outside advertising inspired number creative outside advertising industry including elaborate world record attempt minute introductory trailer bbc california requested permission use training regime demonstration importance attention detail discussion example confluence art advertising example inspiration versus ongoing included video art installation cinema round britain gallery london focus panel discussion modern retrospective work piece created sense advertised company integrated motor system hybrid car technology deliberate steps taken distance spot metaphor promotion focusing technology contention animated second spot time returned home triumphant defeating singing rain golf pilot bring home prize went direct advertisements kennedy choir created help fellow team members released	Cog (advertisement)	Social sciences and society	Economics and business	Advertising and marketing
2014_JeffreyPollack	film director television producer music media consultant born circa sports business consultant commissioner world series poker educated later completed harvard_university brief career politics moved industry sports business held executive roles nba nascar world series poker listed twice sporting news won emmy awards married resides los_angeles las_vegas half brother commissioner gaming served executive chairman year filed bankruptcy early hired special advisor education early career received undergraduate degree journalism addition master degrees master second sports management subsequently completed harvard_university initially career led politics summer american jewish congress prompted year role worked legislation permit religious active military personal settings relocated los_angeles work leading political public relations firm assigned consult labor strife inception career sports business occurred realized flying new_york niche fill industry february age daily trade publication sports industry modelled concept political daily primary goal cover coverage aggregate organize daily news related business sports founder partner venture later noted bailey influence absolutely critical initial success daily originally occupied rooms building initially hired editor chief fellow editor followed daily note deal breaker permitted join assembling small editorial marketing sales team launched september amidst perfect storm business sports stories president publisher garnered strong reputation decision makers industry time sold recognized leader sports industry news relied sports entertainment financial media executives worldwide time sale provided content espn industry insider career nba began hired communications consultant nba collective arrangement consulted nba commissioner helped design strategy nba season result activities hired vice president nba remained league brief stint sports website termed reverse hired managing director broadcasting new media nascar recently consolidated media rights brand way presented consumer product global media companies helped develop nascar television partnerships nbc tnt guidance nascar grew major sporting event time rose second watched cable football encouraged nascar use advanced media technologies central innovations create experience viewers home helped developed cable program nascar car involved mounting cameras capture race inside cars won emmy awards result primetime emmy outstanding achievement interactive television programming sports emmy outstanding innovative technical achievement receive best interactive television programming world series poker casino hired vice president marketing officially responsible sports ventures included boxing motor sports stated priority grow popularity world series poker brand poker going stronger world class media partnerships strategic marketing alliances superior customer service accounts succeeded introduced range changes media relations player relations tournament structure schedule expanded international markets responsibility world series poker poker players impression centered tournament champions million players qualify sponsored start advertising campaign involving insisted players objected corporate granted moment heavily criticized addressed criticism head ensured similar occur changes january promoted commissioner actions commissioner work avoiding criticism started meeting group professional poker players monthly council council formal decision making authority stated haven meaningful decision event schedules structures rules input believed success determined based number participants year players experiences example flattened award structure cash awards distributed evenly people went earlier earned money final table won effort reduce complaints marked cards entered partnership introduced new poker cards official card new decks introduced day table provided playing cards events endured resulting cards essentially marked training dealers heavily criticized past tournaments effort criticism began intensive training dealers early march dealers training included staff training reason additional training prevent repeat extra chips main event main event tournament finished chips normal chip upgrading led effort reduce risk introduction special chips exclusively main event revised tournament schedule introduced month break finalists determined july hiatus intended help build suspense allow finalists promote poker ambassadors play resumed november final days play edited hour broadcast espn led tournament international expansion tournament held london hosted leicester square insisted world series poker europe unique identity style flair remain true year tradition heritage remained england hosted france expected hosted berlin marketing known aggressive marketing noted occasions taken strategies major sports brands nascar nba nfl extracted best practices grow asserted ports marketing fundamentally selling hope fans hope favorite team trading right player drafting right player winning game winning season winning world championship furthermore world series poker offers brand hope infinitely accessible enter tournament chance play final table commissioner negotiated partnerships espn radio aol arranged card player media provided hand hand reporting streamed player interviews gave player displayed real time chip count website asked professional poker players start wearing uniforms covered ads similar nascar responded realm possibility long stick guidelines players allowed seek endorsement deals advertise wish believed strength lies tradition legacy wanted honor past champions want bring past history dna ride reception players generally received players impressed meeting noting professional poker unique situation nba players paid poker players actually money changed opinion vice president event growth popularity hand emphasis player experience effectiveness growing cast good light seen clearly extent support received announced resignation commissioner commentator declared news hit poker world like ton bricks tenure role known players like expressed esteem resignation november announced twitter feed resigning commissioner separate statement commented set accomplish think accomplished world series poker bigger brand strong position player experience better elaborate subsequent career opportunities said going moment pause reflect think things decisions january announced launch gaming parent company duke served league commissioner designed showcase best players world elevate status leading figures akin icons sports players admitted ranked system driven mathematics proven historic achievement stated long believed professional poker players create enormous value industry skilled way worthy star treatment new league celebrate poker professionals like provide tournament experience class turn season slated include free addition million championship event negotiated hours television programming seven aired cbs remaining discovery communications velocity network early industry questioned company business model february holding events filed bankruptcy generating revenue accumulating million debt advisor early hired special advisor team chair president serve consult team future revenue growth development new stadium aided special council hiring identifying architects tasked designing stadium california	Jeffrey Pollack	Sports and recreation	Recreation	Poker
2202_WorldSeriesofPokerCasinoEmployeeChampionship	world series poker casino employee championship casino employees championship closed tournaments awarding world series poker gathering events open general public participants meet certain eligibility requirements events closed winner events afforded distinction gold tournaments considered non monetary prize poker player win history world series poker held annually las_vegas oldest largest prestigious media gaming competition world started honor casino employees offering event enter tournament called dealers world poker championship limited poker dealers following year field open casino employees tournament restricted casino employees big poker previous winners allowed participate casino employee championship world series poker event typically received relatively little coverage despite perception casino employee championship event involve numerous recognized names poker world tournament included time winner vice president tournament director director prior tournament format limit hold tournament standard tournament largest field event inception exception casino employees event started day drama encountered casino championship involves informal dealers proposition players proposition players people hired play poker money games started ensure die prop dealer casino employees sit opposite sides table highlights las_vegas field participants dealers world poker championship reputation sloppy play dealer championship noted seriousness players approached game end winner determined deal cards deal table according initial reports deal achieved world series available negotiation players decided money home sources indicate event intended event way official standings credits winning event contrast final contestants championship shots having great time winner said sitting playing poker think forgotten prize money casino employee championship mirrored amazing comeback main event main event chip came win tournament casino employee championship final tables won chip players left tournament went pocket succeeded rebuilding stack place winner went casino employee champion win open event professional poker players got start working time winner job dealer time winner credits ability read players experience dealer time winner boasts pedigree starting dealer key casino employee championship events	World Series of Poker Casino Employee Championship	Sports and recreation	Recreation	Poker
5169_WorldSeriesofPokerbracelet	world series poker world series poker considered non monetary prize poker player win awarded winner event annual victory occurred championships counted years handful awarded year events number increased popularity poker increased 2000s number events likewise increased awarded seven world series poker europe brought total number awarded additional awarded time april inaugural world series poker asia pacific melbourne australia conclusion awarded won players won won time winners includes point winners won completion event players won followed win event description looked like gold kind flat cost approximately 1980s las_vegas exclusive manufacturer bought rights according champion chris design remained relatively unchanged gold based memphis won bid manufacture company circuit rings luxury watch maker introduced commemorative watches prize package champion stones including diamonds grams white yellow gold represent heart diamond suits represent black diamonds represent clubs official manufacturer champions received watch designed variations world series standard version presented winners features diamonds receives adorned black diamonds blue horse champion black diamonds world series diamonds grams percent white gold value released typical price watch ranges diamonds totalling set grams white gold event consisted diamonds totalling set grams yellow gold australian based company won multi year contract official manufacturer decided design return tradition heavy piece metal american jewelry designer chosen design manufacture entire set goal create somebody actually want wear day chosen manufacture rings famed jewelry designer owner chosen official manufacturer designed championship rings green bay feature suit deck black diamonds terms sheer mass weighs grams gold flawless diamonds special platinum awarded winner big drop event million buy tournament created fundraiser charity established founder prestige prestige time winner said didn mean pick professional poker players believe types poker players won belong exclusive club impossible value world series poker gold takes game seriously stated world series poker commissioner unveiling equivalent winning stanley cup hockey football professional poker players desire recognition associated celebrity poker showdown host poker star said want said appreciate recognize meant said means says winning women championship better oscar decided offer prize event champions decided present president ceo said championship synonymous poker symbol achievement respect honored continue tradition founder began years ago history awarded winning events champion received silver cup cash won event according daughter founder winner received trophy winners received sterling plate following year started tradition issuing event winners win event win gold received gold best player respectively considered count championship person win outside las_vegas nevada won world championship world series poker europe london england days later youngest player win years days woman win world series main event known owner considers europe prestige awarded year las_vegas person won world series poker awarded time winner event following year moved new_orleans held starting awarded australia world series poker held legacy winners keeps locked vault worth according millions pick fourteen time winner gave away said huge deal guys knew represented history time winner time winner playing days non stop started complain main event championship received bitter dispute owners time told table worth responded sold immediately tossed chips reported stolen years gave daughter november main event auction starting bid eventually sold money donated multiple winners end world series poker players earned winners follows bold won win person won multiple lifetime mentioned actual given moss person win lifetime win win event person win lifetime days won 10th event person win person win start players won single players won consecutive years rings started hosting circuit events country order differentiate events ensure prestige circuit events present ring winners awarded winner invitation event standings players circuit events determining invited starting held closed event participants circuit events starting qualification significantly changed total players receive automatic seats winners circuit main event highest point circuit stop receive seats remaining automatic seats filled points circuit season qualified additionally players world rankings points race determined results open events previous eligible enter circuit play national championship world rankings pay buy winner wins world series poker	World Series of Poker bracelet	Sports and recreation	Recreation	Poker
7884_DarvinMoon	born october american self employed amateur poker player runner world series poker limit texas hold main event time playing world series poker moon taught play poker ran small logging company maryland panhandle earning world series seat winning satellite tournament moon earned chip lead early tournament eventually entered final table chip leader percent chips play moon briefly lost lead eventually regained eliminating veteran players like moon ultimately lost heads earning moon million second place finish criticized playing style lack experience moon praised working stiff personality self manner moon participated national heads poker championship lost second round competed world series poker main event eliminated second day early life lives western maryland town oakland foot prior entering world series poker moon lived feet trailer wife owns operates small logging company family members days spent pine forests scattered maryland panhandle moon taught play poker started playing grandfather young age started playing frequently studied game watching televised poker moon regularly played home games places fire departments buildings earned seat world series poker limit texas hold main event winning satellite tournament island casino west_virginia lost tournaments finishing place attempt winning main event seat expenses event marked moon time playing visiting las_vegas nevada riding commercial plane poor economy impact logging business moon considered keeping instead entering tournament decided play visiting rio suite hotel casino watching world series games day tournament moon dealt pocket aces times got kind flop times performed day continued successful streak tournament proclaimed luck eliminated professional poker players tournament including eventually obtained chip lead kept seventh day play time fell tenth place won big hands recover ended day lead eliminated biggest hands tournament led higher flush moon entered final table chip leader holding million chips percent chips play final table moon eliminated seasoned pro cases moon caught cards win lost queen came flop pocket queens lost moon caught ace river moon lost chip lead november game knockout win brought chip lead million chips final players went heads moon million million moon briefly recovered chip lead lost heads hand bet million chips turn flop checked moon check raised called remaining million chips won hand regained chip lead momentum duration match commentators later criticized moon making expensive bluff small pot moon visibly disappointed game magazine said hand crucial moment moon fatigue resulted bad final hand tournament hours play moon ended finishing second succumbed won second place finish tournament ended moon congratulated professional poker player said proud critical moon professional poker player reputation trash talking called heads contest new low poker skilled game magazine said moon league tournament number questionable calls example cited hand moon attempted bluff raising bet million chips folding went additional million moon getting better odds money moon said planned spend world series putting relatives college charitable contributions home town including new youth ball field recreation center moon said victory ain gon change time wearing jeans like poker career moon played major poker games world series poker preferring instead play local games friends oakland area asked games moon replied right held moon joined players national heads poker championship palace las_vegas paid buy personal funds moon paired online round tournament march espn writer said stood good chance invited player questioned moon participated tournament given moon past claims media exposure sponsorship writer predicted moon tournament unpredictable play moon defeated held flop giving better draw moon won king high club failed come turn river advancing moon second round lost round kings moon pair queens tens duke went win tournament august moon joined hosting mega stack series live poker tournament drew participants total prize pool million month moon entered world series poker limit texas hold main event early tournament moon doubled pocket kings player pocket eliminated day moving flop opponent pocket aces moon received help turn river leaving poker room said wife pressure honey moon accepted deal tour ambassador wearing patch nationally televised tour playing events president moon kind guy worked hard entire life lives dream attracts game moon fan favorite tour regulars declined invitation november taping play stop iowa minute replacement ill moon crew players moon said comfortable folks like family personality style moon displayed described humble self manner world series poker repeatedly acknowledging lack poker experience tournament success luck high number strong cards talent moon adopted phrase win win lose lose reflected casual approach game moon said guy pay cards strategy attributed raises moon despite weak hands moon experience heads poker commentators said loss final hours world series fans commentators praised working stiff style dubbing reference protagonist drama film moon nicknamed technological including credit cards online poker moon refused sign sponsorship deal internet poker company tournament said want answer anybody moon wore hat tournament like cheering moon invited guest saints games entire playoff run watched win super bowl miami	Darvin Moon	Sports and recreation	Recreation	Poker
16440_MillionDollarChallenge(poker)	million dollar challenge poker referred watched poker television history sponsored airs debuted october hosted features season included episodes following fox network sunday national_football_league coverage finale aired december episode season premiered september scheduled conclude december description poker game amateur poker players attempt defeat celebrities professional poker players eventually order win grand prize million round amateur acting coach lending advice defeat celebrity contestant able defeat celebrity contestant wins trip bahamas advances second round second round amateur helping sound proof booth giving advice listening device amateur ear defeat professional poker player contestant able defeat professional contestant wins addition trip bahamas point amateur decision money walk away richer risk money trip theirs play heads knowing lose walk away trip bahamas season finale champions episode compete sit tournament winner plays million season episodes season watched poker television shows history aired sundays coverage episode aired october contestant father defeated winning trip bahamas process promised donate church south_carolina won chance play mini tournament episode winner play october contestant defeated won trip bahamas lost contestant defeated win trip bahamas chose walk away risk won face match november episode contestant lost defeated winning trip bahamas won chance play mini tournament winner play december announced newly added celebrity professional opponents appeared fourth episode aired december appeared play hand playing behalf state wrestling team lost september attacks lost final airing competition previous winners expected december contestants fourth episode lost single table tournament held determine fourth contestant won order prize chance play hands heads play season season premiered september second weekend nfl season program continue air fox network companion nfl programming seven weekends fox september october november december air football game depending region country critical review professional poker player critical million dollar challenge contemporary rival face ace terrible shows unlikely draw viewers responded blog type criticism intended poker player aimed casual audience controversy poker playing priest national television sparked theological debate	Million Dollar Challenge (poker)	Sports and recreation	Recreation	Poker
16941_MikeMatusow	born april los_angeles california american professional poker player residing henderson nevada nickname mouth reflects reputation trash talking poker table known hours days good play single known mike blow mike began playing poker seriously early 1990s working poker dealer professional player successes include time world series poker winner winner world series poker tournament champions early years experience poker playing video poker age played regularly extent suffered repetitive strain injury shoulders arms occasionally stole money mother purse point attended meetings taught texas hold named world series poker world series poker paid entrance fee satellite event limit texas hold main event went win gave return partial stake won winning limit hold event defeating heads win title finished 6th place limit hold main event says decisive hand eventual champion trust instincts won second winning low split better event defeated friend fellow professional poker player win tournament finished 9th players main event winning months later won tournament champions heads battle earning process making player win million dollar prizes year placed tournament champions following year winning won limit draw event defeating heads prize later year finished 30th players making deep run won fourth seven card stud split better tournament defeating heads earning world series poker poker events october world poker tour final table classic earning 3rd place finished runner bad boys poker heads play appeared poker superstars iii elite winner championship match beat seven players win appeared second fourth sixth season high stakes poker september mike debut barcelona eliminated day early appeared episodes poker dark finished 3rd 2nd respectively plays online poker following tilt poker member team tilt july won coming second place online pro defeated heads play november world poker finals final table eliminated didn improve hand finished 6th place earning august total live tournament exceed come won nbc defeating final personal life personal problems battled drug issues including month stint jail caught providing undercover police officer pretended gained trust months official sting operation arrested charged category drug related plea deal later reached incarcerated months resides henderson wears gold chain hebrew symbol neck additionally hosted poker radio circuit replaced host defunct online video segment particular episode mike discussed controversial cheating scandal seeking legal action victim scandal main world series poker champion wrote autobiography entitled check raising devil released	Mike Matusow	Sports and recreation	Recreation	Poker
18703_VanessaRousso	born february american professional poker player born new_york holds dual citizenship united_states france member online spokesperson earned money professional poker player game sex symbols finished money numerous live poker events accumulated career earnings placed money seventeen times world series poker won second place finish main event world championship online poker ranks women poker history terms time money pro gambling activist appeared reality television shows including big brother finished background parents florida began talking reading early ages says mother born new_york moved family france age lived paris father homeland moved briefly upstate new york parents divorced mother moved florida near maternal grandparents attended oldest athletic girls active high school swimming debating teams played basketball fun debating excelled national debating tournaments policy debating mother guidance counselor graduated high school wellington florida maintained participating french honor society founded served president active varsity swimmer volunteer younger sisters high school teacher contestant eighteenth season big brother pre student college dean list studying game theory proficient cube chess considers fairly objective static games began prefer poker incorporated human psychology allows inferior hands win graduated early half years major economics minor political science december collegiate duration half years shortest time graduate history duke began law school inaugural recipient scholarship law school served editorial board poker player age began poker tournament play summer break law school law school class finish law school excluding online ranks women poker history terms time money currently resides time las_vegas nevada time florida nickname given relative sold shares enter buy event manner reminiscent eponymous hero western movie poker career built stake sit player tables prize able save entry fee late enabled afford entry event televised numerous times espn appearances poker dark television program televised known wearing cap designer sunglasses win professional event came june las_vegas nevada limit hold summer series world series poker placed 45th field event ladies limit texas hold event won weeks later june february placed fifth final table limit hold event appearance final table established record years days youngest female player time reach world series poker circuit final table joined professional poker tour april october earnings year year playing multiple money tournament finishes including seventh place finish field april world poker tour season limit hold championship event earned prize money time spending tuesday thursday taking law school classes spending rest week playing poker tournaments fielding endorsement offers online poker clubs september won place finish limit hold event 4th open world series poker money finishes finished field event limit hold 63rd field event short handed limit hold placed 8th event short handed limit hold event notable poker star october contingent poker industry representatives leaders member flew attempt convince united_states congress unlawful internet gambling enforcement act law financial institutions monitor stop customers cash transfers unlawful online gaming sites group met judiciary united_states spoke favor proposal license regulate online gambling alliance spoke favor proposed exempt poker chess bridge games contestants compete house frank chairman continued efforts establish framework allow licensed gambling operators process players united_states support entertainment earned largest career time world championship online poker hold second place finish field originally placed event winner found violated terms service caused disqualification ruling caused contestants elevated place rankings tournament run online sponsor originally earned place prize world series poker money finishes placed event pot limit hold placed event limit hold main event limit hold january missed televised handed final table playing season vii southern poker championship finished seventh place earned head head single elimination tournament finals person field losing way runner finish defeated previously semi final appearance best female finish annual event march tournament broadcast nbc consecutive sundays april july tournament exceed won high roller championship prize final table final contestants elected chips leave winner win converts represents highest career win propelled sixteenth place earnings list spoke favor changes florida gambling laws remove caps buy ins poker state felt gambling limitations strategic skilled deeper stack competition said florida don chips play raises required aspect game cap replaced bet limit cap prohibits large tournaments multi thousand dollar buy ins occurring florida april poker camp south florida camp related poker playing strategies strategies military conflict book art war called camp big slick boot camp charged participation fee camp website makes analogy art poker world series poker money finishes placed event limit hold placed event limit draw placed event event world championship pot limit hold main event day officially known day hosting stars poker france january finished earn limit hold ladies event caribbean adventure world series poker money finishes placed event limit hold eliminated quarter final round entries earning heads december finished 3rd field world poker tour limit hold diamond world poker classic won earning world series poker endorsements sponsored online poker team sponsorship ended february approached sports_illustrated including poker player edition sent bahamas photographed sports_illustrated appears advertisement bikini editorial portion magazine announced january sports_illustrated asked photo shoot took place time event nassau bahamas confirmed january appear february issue thoughts sports_illustrated publicity great opportunity poker general particular previously featured maxim written game theory flown las_vegas nevada teach poker forbes powerful women march signed promote internet domain names sponsor national heads championship signed march day tournament began official acted spokesperson site lineup included patrick replaced regarded sexiest poker players world ranking 18th maxim non poker activities appeared celebrity judge helped award money contestants contestant season reality television big brother finishing place music producer forming duo called girl girl life partner personal life met future husband final table april world poker tour event engaged brown couple early making married couple featured major online poker team couple separated reasons separation stated brown comments followers twitter announcing breakup wrote despite great mutual fondness respect separated wrap party big brother announced engagement long term girlfriend	Vanessa Rousso	Sports and recreation	Recreation	Poker
25179_JoeCada	born november american professional poker player michigan best known winner world series poker winning age surpassed youngest champion previous money finishes regular online poker player years prior winning live event primarily online poker player online tournament present august total live tournament exceed representative weeks prior june lost heads limit texas hold event world series poker family card enthusiasts parents disapproved chosen profession agent dubbed kid taken role statesman profession media political circles proponent gambling career summary started playing online poker age twice accounts lost money accounts shared brother online account legally able play prior age united_states canada age play online brief game subsequent losing money began play casino canadian border detroit area home earned enter contests bahamas costa_rica time success playing approximately hands day online user professional poker player years time world championship end november earned online prior tournament necessitated finding financial professional poker cliff paid entry fee exchange half enjoys playing sunday major tournaments online sites says skill pursuing knowledge experience better players online training sites typically hosts poker playing friends sundays company going sundays playing majors usually sundays hosts friends play online house according magazine profile similar play online poker hosts tilt poker website absolute poker world series poker world series poker world series poker money finishes limit texas hold june event limit hold earned 17th june event limit hold earned 1st july november november event world championship limit hold earned prior final table victory earned million contract pays hotels travels buy ins signing resulted interview espn expressed interest signing specific company agent offers result november qualification represented agent main event tournament chip leader day opening day sessions began final table fifth largest final table hand stack reduced big combined total stack play calling pre flop community cards hit player rewarded better high card later went twice pre flop small pocket pairs dominated higher pocket pairs occasions times winning kind time field reduced players million chips million moon final heads duel surrendered chip lead eventually climbed million hand heads moon regained chip lead hand winning hand got pre flop moon board ran hand hand heads play moon events account total cumulative career live event earnings million november victory occurred week 22nd birthday supplanted won age youngest world series champion days younger time world champion week following win numerous publicity appearances poker ambassador media events included appearances cnn late david_letterman numerous espn outlets including scott van espn inside deal taping aired plus visit publicity run served advisor total seven world series poker event event event aside main event win notable finish second june limit hold event earned personal joe mother card dealer older brother father jerry affected recession automobile industry job eliminated world series poker november dozens fans wore shirts team colors blue words michigan joe kid michigan baseball caps kid agent came nickname kid interview time estimates friends cheering section time interview expressed thoughts legislation related legality gambling support right play poker online poker isn gambling hobby activity game luck logic decision making math able play poker web want believe making illegal strips rights important issue hopefully resolved soon outside poker plays indoor soccer considering purchasing second home las_vegas nevada possibly opening bar	Joe Cada	Sports and recreation	Recreation	Poker
2034_TheTempest	play william_shakespeare believed written thought critics play shakespeare wrote set remote island rightful duke milan plots restore daughter rightful place illusion manipulation storm eponymous lure brother king naples island bring revelation nature redemption king marriage son ferdinand obvious single source plot researchers seen parallels eyewitness reports real life islands bermuda subsequent conflict sir sir addition speeches derived essay speech taken word word speech poem act later addition possibly honour wedding princess elizabeth play published story draws heavily tradition romance influenced differs shakespeare plays observation organised style critics explicitly concerned nature play frequently drawing links art theatrical illusion early critics saw representation shakespeare magic signalling shakespeare farewell stage play portrays rational providing contrast magic frequently described destructive terrible said beautiful beginning publication psychology colonization viewed lens theory exemplified adaptations like set haiti scholarly journal post colonial criticism named attract significant attention ban performance plays attained popularity restoration adapted versions mid-19th century theatre productions began original text 20th century critics scholars undertook significant play value extent considered shakespeare greatest works adapted numerous times variety styles formats music operas composers orchestral works songs diverse artists literature poem guitar jane sea mirror novels paintings screen ranging hand version stage performance science fiction film forbidden planet books featuring film version changed played shakespeare festival production starred characters plot rightful duke milan daughter stranded years island jealous brother aided king naples deposed set year old counselor secretly supplied boat food fresh water rich volumes books prizes possessing magic powers great learning reluctantly served spirit rescued tree trapped cruel witch refused obey maintains loyalty repeatedly promising release spirit exiled island havoc magic died arrival releasing son deformed monster non spiritual arrival initially adopted raised taught survive island taught religion language slavery come view grown daughter turn view disappointment contempt disgust performs act magic directly stage ferdinand causing nerves infancy rest magic controlling spirits mentioned happening previously time believed operate having brother nearby ship raised causes passengers believe ship friend fellow naples brother son ferdinand respectively trusted counselor passengers returning wedding daughter king separate survivors groups spells ferdinand separated believing dead plots alternate play falls believing brave god bears liquor attempt raise coup ultimately fails works encourage romantic relationship ferdinand fall immediately love worries light winning prize light ferdinand servant pretending regards spy subplot kill king command appears men sin betrayal witnessed leaves visit ferdinand guilty nobles run distracted attendant lords chase prevent provoke explains tested ferdinand willing asks bring spirits create entertain young couple spirits present blessing followed dancing suddenly remembers plot life dismisses spirits ferdinand sets trap chased shape enemies power discovers pity human decides forgive people tried kill tells nobles breaks conclusion main characters brought charged prepare proper sailing weather guide king ship royal fleet naples ferdinand married task finally free sent prepare cell party invited final night departure clear departure remain island taken naples indicates intends entertain story life island resolved break bury magic staff book magic epilogue magic powers invites audience set free island applause date sources date thought scholars written generally accepted play shakespeare wrote questioned scholars note impossible determine play written time winter tale dating equally problematic entered november plays registered date contemporary sources obvious single origin plot created amalgamation sources source scholarship began 18th century researchers suggested passages translated english translation addition true redemption sir knight eyewitness report real life island bermuda sailing virginia considered critics shakespeare primary sources certain verbal plot thematic similarities published report describing incident dated july critics shakespeare seen manuscript year identified true shakespeare main authority modern editors shakespeare surely drew specific passages play alleged influence play argued little doubt shakespeare read true accounts extent verbal echoes bermuda pamphlets think exaggerated hardly history fiction mention splitting ship cargo passengers lost north winds sharp gets shore wreckage goes account blended memories hair perished sea venture survivor published account discovery dated october argued date account true declaration estate virginia dated november sources overall structure traditional italian featured daughter supernatural number featured clown known predecessor partner bear striking resemblance corresponds clever beautiful isabella wealthy manipulative father constantly seeks relationship description ideal society thematically verbally echoes essay translated english version published praises society caribbean natives nation knowledge letters intelligence numbers magistrate use service poverty contracts occupation idle respect common natural lands use wine words import lying treason pardon heard addition speech taken word word speech poem text presents relatively problems comparison shakespeare plays published december play volume leading section comedies play stage directions shakespeare plays appear written readers instead actors scholars editors volume included directions aid readers necessarily shakespeare scholars wondered act think possibly added wedding princess elizabeth scholars unlikely arguing taking play creates problems themes motifs theatre explicitly concerned nature play frequently drawing links art theatrical illusion spectacle performed cast troop act refer describes world illusion great globe shall dissolve like frequently figures classical mythology example acting anti creates early critics saw constant allusion theatre indication meant represent shakespeare character magic signaling shakespeare farewell stage theory later critics remains critical canon curious familiar shakespeare entire body work literary scholars surely easily noted technique comparison theatre shakespeare employed writings examples noteworthy ones world stage merely players actors performers phrase begins monologue shakespeare like spoken melancholy scene vii act example found final act title character delivers monologue come known tomorrow tomorrow speech end monologue existence declaring life like poor player hour stage heard shakespeare hopeful performer minutes fame usually subsequent decline obscurity utterly fast ones life goes proceeding fast pace life accomplishments irrelevant relatively trivial actual value making references writer compare writing compare notice similarities life theatre order help people compare likeness individual play theatre general life anti parallels dramas contained numerous literary figures noted life art magic magic controversial subject shakespeare day italy known interests burnt stake outside catholic world shakespeare wrote magic taboo magic considered evil took rational approach study supernatural determination discover workings unusual phenomena published observations divine magic work influenced englishman student supernatural phenomena king james took throne found attack beliefs able defend successfully explaining divine nature profession died disgrace shakespeare careful distinction presents rational providing contrast said devil commands unable control delicate dark tasks rational goodness enables control trap tree magic frequently described destructive terrible said beautiful seeks set things right world magic setting free course problem actually magical acts magic matter language soul interpreted shakespeare treatise human soul particular renaissance conception soul divided sensitive rational spheres described theory soul later described ego super ego linked screenplay forbidden planet film presents monster theory dismissed obsolete imagined future dismissed exiled island symbol nature higher sensitive supernatural productions seen actor play roles making symbols conflict fully awakened crude selfish higher mystical screenplay forbidden planet revealed monster according theory long battling qualities lost books banished milan play finds conclusion able accept base brutal nature thing darkness acknowledge says taking responsibility letting connection higher powerful forces elements free fare thou says setting free abandoning magic acknowledging brutal potential nature allowed return rightful place duke subject agreement audience crimes pardon let set free criticism interpretation genre story draws heavily tradition romance fictitious narrative set far away ordinary life typically based themes supernatural wandering exploration discovery set coastal regions typically featured exotic locations themes redemption loss exile reunion result originally listed comedy shakespeare plays subsequent editors chosen specific label romance like play influenced new genre introduced decade 17th century developed collaborations explosion development form time dramatic structure differs shakespeare plays observation organised style indication shakespeare respect play action shakespeare plays rarely respected taking place separate locations miles apart days years play events real time audience declaring act happened hours action unified basic plot struggle regain confined place fictional island scholars agree meant located mediterranean_sea reading suggests takes place new world parts read like records english spanish conquest americas argue island represent land shakespeare day world european merchants settlers stories coming americas myths caribbean distant tropical character resembles term natives west_indies shakespeare offering depth discussion morality different views found play examples including subsequent resentment shown natural characters play touch natural world modern audiences come view far old world friends original intent author different evidence shakespeare drew essay discusses values societies european influences writing beginning publication psychology colonization viewed lens theory new way looking text explored effect overlooked debates favour intriguing nonetheless essential component french writer play sets haiti portraying unlike rebellious feels negotiation partnership way freedom sets version play cuba portrays wealthy cuban comparison lower class choose rebellion negotiation scholars suggested dialogue act scene contains hints future alliance leaves generally viewed scholars good servant comparison view shakespeare audience shared writers symbol efforts overcome effects culture example jamaican author said tries combine create way writing represents culture better use thought far uncommon spirit namesake scholarly journal covering post colonial criticism feminist female character women mother mother daughter mentioned small role women play story comparison shakespeare plays attracted feminist criticism typically viewed completely deprived freedom father duty eyes remain argues manner typical women colonial atmosphere completely order things thinking subordinate father prominent women mentioned play described men play said example said notes met learned learned according suspicion women makes unreliable source information suggests female virtue general citing ambiguous remark wife fidelity certain iris sea scene play performance history shakespeare day record exists performance november james english royal court palace night play plays total acted court winter festivities surrounding marriage princess elizabeth rhine public performance recorded prior restoration preface version states performed theatre careful consideration stage directions play supports strongly suggesting play written mind restoration 18th century adaptations play shakespeare original dominated performance history mid-19th century theatres closed government commonwealth restoration monarchy patent companies duke company established existing theatrical repertoire divided sir rights perform heavy cuts adapted tried appeal upper class audiences royalist political social ideals monarchy natural form government authority decisive education marriage inheritance ownership property added characters sister named sister named parallel shakespeare plot foster son set eyes woman popular role man played woman popular restoration theatre management opportunity reveal actresses legs scholar described frequently revived play entire restoration establishing importance enhanced additional roles women adapted opera usually meaning play sections sung danced restoration appear regarded version shakespeare example described old play diary opera extremely popular good variety pleased comedy according version different shakespeare describes reduced status like father intent protecting sexually naive daughters planning marriages successful provoke parody written opened appeared turns riot early 18th century version dominated stage exceptions played woman invariably graceful dancer superb singer comedian role played actors known awkward figures staged version act music staples repertoire theatres produced acting version closer shakespeare original retained mocked insistence archaic pronunciation shakespeare texts including said spectators packed pit enjoy delivery rack thee old fill bones actor managers established fashion sets costumes dominate shakespeare performances late 19th century example played white spotted year debut version produced heavily cut performance shakespeare script lane revived century 19th century influential production shakespeare text established adapted versions popular previous centuries performance particularly admired performance described essay play published maintaining mind strong resistance held slavery victorian era marked height movement later described based lavish sets visual spectacle heavily cut texts making room lengthy scene changes elaborate stage effects production times seen descend ball fire supposedly employed production described literary gazette unseen saw production described isolated electric ray referring effect carbon arc lamp directed actress playing role generation producers included returned text based style late 19th early 20th centuries perceived star act role actor managers chose researched role viewing zoo stage hung upside tree 20th century continuing century tradition wore fur play waist length hair bearing suggestive primitive animal human stage evolution missing link portrayal norm productions actor play role black makeup canada lee played role theatre guild new_york establishing tradition black actors taking role including presented community yellow sands stadium new_york amidst huge cast dancers centres rebellious nature ends plea knowledge build earth beautiful followed shakespeare character reciting ended speech played numerous times called favourite role describes universally heralded 20th century greatest stage appearance role wore later intended look like played role stage productions lastly old praised portrayal isolation pain directed experimental production round house text wholly abandoned favour according review portrayed enormous woman able expand face body larger proportions fantastic emblem suddenly gives black head emerges legs evil born spite existing tradition black actor playing opposite white colonial interpretations play find way stage 1970s performances england directed explicitly portrayed miller production described depicting tragic inevitable primitive culture result european invasion miller developed approach production old london starring mixed cast white actors humans black actors playing spirits creatures island according von white overlord manipulating black collaborative mimicking gestures island invaders colonial metaphor pushed logical conclusion finally gathered pieces abandoned staff watched awe struck fitted hold office aloft suddenly acquired new political dimension shakespeare interpretations proved difficult depict stage production production attempted depict opposing aspects regarded wholly successful reviewing production commented stage notion clear audience heard played character human complexity reviewer described stage manager theatrical island suspended rage glee alternative ethereal power japanese theatre styles applied brought version staged rehearsal drama traditional theatre stage elements odds conventions presented japanese puppet version osaka tokyo globe directed production openly control exercised early performances run granted freedom entirely different effect achieved outdoor new_york shakespeare festival production casting opposite charged production erotic tensions productions late 20th century gradually increased focus placed sexual tensions characters including performed playing role male female authority humanity humour parent audience respected man words spite fact fish singled encounters end aired productions play shakespeare critics feel play autobiographical pbs miniseries states feels meant represent shakespeare final farewell magic shakespeare final farewell audience touring production inspired music music shakespeare play proved popular subject composers shakespeare plays scholar perceived play settings songs performances shakespeare lifetime survived bee suck publication ballads attributed regularly composed common history play producers commission contemporary settings songs come unto yellow sands influenced songs written folk traditions example versions recorded come way dangerous songs song island come landlord daughter feel drowning thought based story taken score film books wrote incidental music graduation piece completed set incidental music revised expanded performed crystal palace year return london immediate sensation wrote incidental music french translation believed orchestral work use incidental music written lavish production copenhagen epilogue added performance represented individual characters instrumentation choices particularly admired use percussion represent said capture ambiguity character berkeley operas semi operas based exist addition versions mentioned restoration 18th century section produced version music sir century operas based include 20th century premiered opera knot garden contains allusions act pretends uses situations shakespeare play therapy sessions produced fusion live jazz pre recorded electronic music opera performed opera ballet opera unique vocalists soprano tenor voices individual characters tenor likely soprano sing sing character soprano sings thomas 21st century opera stretched higher end register highlighting role associated_press commented role spirit tour force soprano giving vocal line time high premiered sung female voices instrumental alter ego stage flute instrumental alter ego cello choral settings excerpts include come unto yellow sands shakespeare songs shall sea bee books setting play scene tune shakespeare songs songs cloud towers shakespeare songs orchestral works concert presentation include fantasy symphonic poem symphonic poem orchestral prelude works ballet sequences performances play restoration times act ballet choreographer premiered set incidental music october new_york_city piano minor given subtitle time death asked meaning alleged said read story comes associate stage musicals derived produced production called musical produced new_york_city december concept credited script wrote songs previously connected musical entitled toss september produced new large scale stage musical directed cast literature art earliest poets influenced guitar jane identifies poet songs poetry poem uses simple convey nature straightforward beauty shakespeare original songs following publication darwin ideas evolution writers began question mankind place world relationship god writer explored ideas poem sets shakespeare character theological philosophical questions french philosopher wrote closet drama suite sequel features female follows milan leads coup success actively master virtues long poem sea mirror takes form reflection supporting characters experiences poem takes viewpoint seeing lengthy contribution prose poem writer published radical adaptation play based colonial interpretations black rebel mixed race figure influenced numerous works african literature 1970s including pieces kenya love master similar phenomenon occurred late 20th century canada writers produced works inspired including daughter measure writers novel sequence poems century shakespeare plays including began appear subject paintings produced painting scene baroque sentimental fantasy style painting based shakespeare text containing representation stage centred stage tradition time painting commissioned modelled 18th century depictions play indicate regarded moral centre viewers paintings accepted wisdom authority ferdinand lured pre paintings based play late 19th century artists tended depict missing link fish like like features evidenced produced volumes work attempted translate contents plays form extended action images metaphors line like illustrated picture swiss peasant produced edition shakespeare comedy scholarly plot summary commentary bound illustrated illustrations illustrations highlight fairy tale quality play avoiding dark direct depictions action play based action play begins images father lies sounds sweet airs delight hurt fantasy writer based story play issue comics series comic stands sequel earlier night dream issue issue follows shakespeare period months writes play named solo project final bargain dream king write plays celebrating dreams story draws parallels characters events play shakespeare life family relationships time hinted based daughter comic writer creator artist main characters father groups friends school stage production shakespeare keys play performance create grand spectacle sequel heavily influenced portion plot devoted imagining characters distant sci future series contemporary shakespeare plays contemporary writers novel seed based screen appeared screen filmed opening storm sequence version minute individual frames hand long invention colour film directed running little minutes compilation action takes place island storm opens shakespeare play silent versions known existed lost plot adapted directed science fiction film set story planet space instead island professor daughter figures having mighty forces inhabit new homes represented helpful robot replaced powerful race represented dangerous invisible monster projection born technology instead opinion screen performance silent era describes versions variations performance version directed starring cut play slightly ninety minutes critic praised light substantial main course animator director planned animated version died working produced shakespeare language notable shakespeare scene shows naked adult son film reaches climax central performances dark brooding figure takes pleasure exploiting servants television versions play broadcast notable bbc shakespeare production virtually complete starring modern language adaptation disillusioned new_york architect lonely greek island daughter learning wife infidelity dealt frankly sexual tensions characters isolated existence character asks philip going sex played plays character philip frequently bored girlfriend film criticised praised good humour especially sequence goats dance new_york new_york written playing film life ambition years approached direct eventually project taken directed books featuring year old impressive nudity author speaking lines characters film acknowledged innovative use create visual resulting unprecedented visual complexity critical responses film frequently negative called swedish animated film called till directed adaptation shakespeare play focusing values till critically acclaimed stunning visuals drawn times dark nightmare like sequences film originally marketed children closer spirit shakespeare original view critics play shakespeare animated tales series minute production directed featuring voice stop motion capture fairy tale quality play disney animated feature described politically corrected variation words produced nbc featured southern slave owner forced plantation brother shortly civil war learned art slaves uses magic protect teenage daughter assist union_army pbs series featured television adaptation episode film version woman named played south london setting version themes arising shakespeare connection discovery new world explore contemporary britain particularly regard london riots shakespeare festival canada presented version played subsequently filmed available dvd anime manga series blast heavily influenced hamlet dialogues plot elements pays homage works shakespeare stories retribution albeit completely opposing outcome	The Tempest	Language and literature	Language and literature	Plays
2478_ThePlaysofWilliamShakespeare	plays william_shakespeare plays william shakespeare 18th century edition dramatic works william_shakespeare edited johnson announced intention edit shakespeare plays miscellaneous observations proposal edition published edition finally published preface edition johnson trying determine original language plays benefit reading audience added explanatory notes passages later editors followed johnson lead sought determine authoritative text shakespeare background johnson began reading shakespeare plays poetry young boy involve closely plays terrified ghost hamlet people johnson fascination shakespeare continued life johnson focused time shakespeare plays preparing dictionary english language wonder shakespeare quoted author johnson came believe problem collections plays available lifetime believed lacked players supposed seldom understood transmitted equally multiplied errors mutilated actors sake shortening speeches printed correction press johnson friends actors performed shakespeare onstage believe performance vital plays acknowledge presence audience factor reception work instead johnson believed reader shakespeare true audience play furthermore johnson believed later editors misunderstood historical context shakespeare plays degree corruption plays exhibit believed style shakespeare obscure correct problems johnson believed original works need examined issue proposal johnson believed edition shakespeare provide income recognition needed edition shakespeare require publisher large commitment time money johnson decided begin focusing single play miscellaneous observations johnson began work provide sample thought achieved new edition shakespeare got information working catalogue catalogue collection works pamphlets owned 1st earl oxford published work commentary sir edition shakespeare plays miscellaneous observations miscellaneous observations tragedy april produced edition shakespeare plays october johnson felt attract attention work challenging points johnson criticised editing shakespeare words based opinion instead objective fact particular johnson writes appears find difficulty passages represented passed smoothly attempt alter explain harmless industry surely praised want use wonderful going burst let martial continues rest edition read little seen think dangerous declare opinion recommends accuracy distinction ancient reading innovations editor reason given alterations editions adopted difficulties removed hitherto embarrassed readers shakespeare miscellaneous observations contains johnson early thoughts theories shakespeare instance johnson thought power shakespeare supernatural scenes wrote shakespeare looks round alarmed starts find end work johnson announced produce new edition shakespeare proposals printing new edition plays william_shakespeare notes critical explanatory text corrected readings remarked editors examined supplied author miscellaneous observations tragedy response associates controlled copyright current edition shakespeare threatened sue johnson cave letter written april protect new edition edited shakespeare scholar proposal june johnson reprinted miscellaneous observations attached proposal proposals printing subscription william_shakespeare corrected illustrated june signed contract edit volume set shakespeare writings including preface june johnson printed proposal called proposal sold johnson future edition cost paid second printing johnson achieved scholarly renown dictionary english language publishers granted permission work shakespeare proposal johnson describes problems previous editions shakespeare argues new edition written correct problems particular johnson promised correct corrupt explain obscure accomplish relying careful oldest copies read story book shakespeare consulted unlike editors slight predecessors johnson claimed valuable adopted commentator consider including rest exhibiting hitherto known great father english drama later work promised ready december johnson contracted finish edition months months passed pace slowed told december following march complete happen february arrested unpaid debt debt soon contracted johnson publish work motivated johnson finish edition repay favour took seven years finish johnson completed volumes shakespeare prove commitment project johnson shakespeare johnson admitted love desire fame want money motive writing know money strong partly way avoid having finish shakespeare johnson began write weekly series ran april april johnson gained reputation slow worker contemporary poet teased johnson delay producing long promised edition shakespeare subscribers hook takes cash book comments soon johnson renewed work july received payment government pension pounds year longer worry money finally able time finishing work january day johnson introduced henry johnson noted diary corrected sheet began visiting friend writing essay learning shakespeare aid completely work time johnson added notes began revise work publication june johnson advertised edition published august unable work preface august printed september volunteered help johnson work preface time johnson edition shakespeare plays finally published october plays william shakespeare volumes added notes sam johnson printing copies edition sold quickly second edition soon printed expanded edition follow revised edition preface components shakespeare discussion shakespeare greatness especially portrayal human nature faults weakness shakespeare shakespeare plays relationship contemporary poetry drama history criticism editing work intends johnson begins praises reason dead honours excellence paid antiquity complaint likely continued able add truth hope forced disappointment willing hope present age refuses regard denied bestowed time antiquity like quality attracts notice mankind undoubtedly reverence reason prejudice admire long preserved considering time operated chance willing honour past present excellence mind genius shades age eye surveys sun artificial great contention criticism find faults living estimate powers worst performance dead rate best works excellence absolute definite gradual comparative works raised principles appealing wholly observation experience test applied length duration esteem mankind long possessed examined compared persist value possession frequent comparisons confirmed opinion favour works nature man properly river deep mountain high knowledge mountains rivers productions genius excellent till compared works kind demonstration immediately displays power hope fear years works tentative experimental estimated proportion general collective ability man discovered long succession building raised certainty determined round square referred time scale numbers discovered perfect poems homer know common limits human intelligence remarking nation nation century century able little incidents new characters sentiments reverence writings long arises confidence superior wisdom past ages mankind consequence acknowledged positions longest known considered considered best understood johnson introduces shakespeare poet works undertaken revision begin assume dignity ancient claim privilege established fame long century term commonly fixed test literature merit advantages derive personal allusions local customs temporary opinions years lost topic motive sorrow modes artificial life afforded obscure scenes illuminated effects favour competition end tradition friendships perished works support opinion arguments supply faction read reason desire pleasure praised pleasure obtained interest passion past variation taste changes manners generation received new honours transmission plays johnson proposal said text corrected careful oldest copies accordingly johnson attempted obtain early texts plays people unwilling lend editions fear destroyed offered johnson access collection shakespeare texts johnson declined offer believing expect treatment return johnson strength create set corresponding notes allow readers identify meaning shakespeare complicated passages ones incorrectly time included notes occasional attacks rival editors shakespeare works editions published edition shakespeare plays designed johnson proceeding sound text lacked benefit johnson critical notes worked create revised edition shakespeare plays volumes published additional provided work johnson contributing additional eighty notes critical response johnson forced producing edition shakespeare rival editor praised johnson miscellaneous observations critical notes given specimen projected edition written appears man parts genius years later important scholar friend johnson said johnson vigorous comprehensive understanding threw light predecessors preface finest composition language said preface piece criticism published country claimed johnson helped reader straight shakespeare meaning antiquarian commentators kill dark admitted soon falls habit meets obscure passage consulting johnson note wrote poet ask greatly honoured great johnson words shakespeare great honour biography johnson wrote edition shakespeare viewed historical understanding involved remarkable feat speaking great preface perspective remind johnson brought qualification like brought kind work single exception patience operating qualities extensive knowledge human nature life critic editor approached respect johnson biographers claimed better statement reason shakespeare needs edited aims editor reasonably set johnson proposal	The Plays of William Shakespeare	Language and literature	Language and literature	Plays
6189_Irene(play)	play tragedy written distinction work johnson considered greatest failure death critical consensus right think johnson play performed february production friend pupil play commercial success earned johnson money written point revived lifetime subsequent evidence scale productions making unsuccessful plays written major author background johnson began writing began work father befriended johnson discuss read early drafts point told johnson making suffer play left suffer later johnson joked reserve intend heroine ecclesiastical court fill measure human johnson wrote considerable teaching academy founded johnson spent evenings working play ignoring wife elizabeth known provoked student perform mocking incidents incidents portrayed likely play written johnson fond hoped success belief play inspired johnson finish push performed failed johnson travelled london brought unfinished manuscript johnson tried submit owner manager rejected grounds patron theatre catering types performances johnson tried play printed failed continued revise years manuscript contains draft material earlier june took manager play guaranteed production point johnson hard work dictionary found time work play johnson main source story use relation journey containing description turkish empire life work sultan constantinople captures greek christian named decides mistress pursuing romantically ignores duties monarch soon kingdom falling apart neglect subjects begin riot kills prove dedication people johnson story emphasise theme offers deal muslim preserve life power court urge ruin state court thee ruin smile wishes command globe security shall spread shield thee love thee wings vii johnson goes emphasise pursuit power tends corrupt accepted sultan offer abandoned religious faith falls friend let seek convent cell thoughts intervals pray descend range shall disastrous friendship shed tear lost dull obscurity soul boasted greatness ring state blaze like eagle flies shelter shades life viii result decision queen complex power struggle advisors officer suffering love convinced plotting captains kill dying words reveals true accomplice greek soldier lover safely escaped loved learning distraught maid wish triumph burn fame dominion success conquest sounds remorse seize breast shades dear heard cries dying shall hide world play written blank verse claims reads like heroic rhyme removed poet anxiety strict meter considerations style rhythm sacrificed evident lines johnson pronounced classical form syllables eye contemporary form eye stage history acceptance production prompted johnson finish play changed play title requested changes play acceptable sense theatrical style johnson initially opposed changes complained wants run mad opportunity hands kicking heels johnson friend resolved dispute johnson ultimately carried suggestions included death scene onstage instead originally written opened february unable attend performance illness johnson arrived theatre kind clothing considered distinction dress required playwright wore scarlet gold lace gold laced hat prologue audience play went till came conclusion conclusion question onstage upset audience provoked shouts murder actress quickly left stage successive performances restored johnson original ending play performed nights standards 18th century london respectable run johnson received performances published february johnson received additional ironically view later eclipse financially lucrative work johnson written period career dictionary earned money cast played role cast role notable actors play original cast professional complete cast list according edition follows emperor turks officer turkish captain turkish captain greek lady greek lady critical response admired johnson works found wanting analysed parts rich store noble sentiments fine imagery beautiful language delicate power touching human feelings principle end drama complained johnson faculty producing impressions tragedy sensibility perceive johnson friend recorded author later piece time reading tragedy company house country johnson left room somebody having asked reason replied sir thought better early 20th century consensus opinion summed early tragedy moral dialogues plan verse rank drama suggested explanation play neglect verse dramatic qualities correct isolation fault play day written rhyme easily good things easily remembered lose excellence structure thought vocabulary figures speech rhyme merely argued criticisms play johnson sense theatre worse present conceive themes dramatically obvious failure johnson best poetry poetry statement exposition reflection use language like suggested play better johnson determined write blank verse clearly determined verse shall changed periods shall said audience easily perceive lines end begin remarks blank verse course couldn written absence rhyme movement goes absence wit wit weight johnson biographer attempted defend arguing reason considered bad reader help aware masters english prose style powerful command kind poetic style supreme critics literature language claims contemporary readers able encounter play knowing written bad forget johnson achievements fields literature reading especially depressing experience heart begins sink	Irene (play)	Language and literature	Language and literature	Plays
20488_PillHill(play)	play act play american set neighborhood south chicago known informally play examines failures successes relationships african american steel mill workers transition blue collar jobs white collar play regarded economic progress related debuted series plays progress subsequently performed venues united_states play published characters charlie year steel mill veteran seeks promotion machine operator maintains perfect attendance record eventually lives steel mill pension eddie time student surrendered job mill lawyer night school student working mill provide family real estate agent tony salesman exploited company engaged professor attempts buy house scott worker mill dismissed college employee pursuing career opportunities joe steel mill worker plans leave mill car note paid ends work homeless plot neighborhood popular residence successful white physicians resulting nickname neighborhood 1960s 1970s symbol represented young blacks symbol especially poignant provides play act play examines failures successes relationships black steel mill workers chicago transition blue collar jobs white collar time scene chicago basement apartment characters meet cards drinks racial themes relating life steel mill presented dreams possibilities represented neighborhood chicago examined conflicts painful characters deal leaving comfortable life mill embark road uncertainty pursuing professional aspirations performance publication history play debuted series plays progress mounted production connecticut theater travelling productions minnesota play production production published play february publisher lists length drama intended high school college adult audiences critical reception attended performance wrote best draws picture individual lives caught social systems racism men periodic monologue southern excursion gone terribly wrong height reagan bush years saw clearly impact right wing policies urban working class thought characters undeveloped play structured fault criticized perceived heavy hand repetition conversation character self doubts play analysis economic progress told tales pursuits uses spectrum types develops complex recognizable personalities order deliver message natural play performed website description noted good life common goal difficult reach achieved cost soul conflicts range economic difficulties glass ceiling common blacks climbing ladder success changing professional situations coincide relationship transitions occurred america generation transformed generation characters successful real estate dealer tony salesman groundbreaking black lawyer scott achieved financial success suspicious mysterious way characters successful charlie oldest characters having stayed mill progressing ranks earning secure life hard dangerous work joe troubles mill lead unemployment destiny homeless shelter chicago performance following character descriptions chicago reader joe charlie eternal runner tony scott innocent eddie play spokesman	Pill Hill (play)	Language and literature	Language and literature	Plays
27150_HenryFielding'searlyplays	early plays early plays mark beginning fielding literary career early plays span time period production beginning actor rebellion strife divided theatrical community threatened disrupt london stage performances plays introduce fielding politics gender morality serve early basis fielding develops ideas matters career background fielding produced play february production love lasted nights start career theatre march fielding enrolled abandon theatre early plays amateur hobby later returned london earn living biographical introduction fielding works believed fielding returned london treated theatre career father stopped pounds year little evidence fielding lacked funds lack funds cause leave return writing plays fielding eventually returned february know fielding left school produced temple january suggests returned london november time return plays draft form complete england wedding day temple accepted stage fielding returned working piece lottery immediate success lasted decades combined fielding received pounds plays run placed fielding position main contributor plays currently fielding primarily viewed novelist plays suggest wished playwright career theatre fielding wrote plays handful published critical editions early plays early plays include love temple author rape rape tragedy welsh opera street opera lottery old mock doctor plays start fielding worked love disruption winter theatre season theatre royal disruption caused illness management problems incidents started love fielding play released february play revived ran nights moderately especially compared competing plays time play respectable males meet female counterpart times share parallel incident letters fielding focuses men believes prove worth marriage highlights fielding belief relationship morality beliefs introduces character types fielding use plays novels england started fielding second play finished produced later career fielding returned london end brought version don england refused produced printed information origins play come fielding preface second play fielding attributes written intended amusement production imitation don prompting fielding away play actors asked new play soon fielding rewrote parts play wedding day started play finished years later finally brought stage print theatrical career ended fielding returned london end brought version wedding day refused staged produced information origins play come fielding preface play fielding says intended leads charlotte died play produced fielding got fight impossible fielding convince join production fielding started work fourth play temple april finish end year rejected theatre play performed shows year play young law student gives studies seek pleasure attempts marry woman money fielding focuses gender equality marriage characters interaction fielding fifth play author pleasures town opened march initially ran nights marked major success play incorporates fielding response previous rejection works contains act puppet fun theatre literary community play revived times original format later medium puppet entire format plot focuses author attempts successful writing career pursue women dodge eventually emphasise literary satire fielding introduced persona adopts tradition fielding sixth play added ninth showing author april shows lasted replaced fielding production rape rape later included productions including rape rape later transformed tragedy print edition fielding added introduced style found fielding later works plot deals english hero tiny proportions defeating group giants rewarded later comical love triangle tom arthur wife tom eventually cow killed soon ghost appears meets death scene reportedly provoked laughter rare feat nature fun 17th 18th century tragedy gender roles gender politics fielding seventh play rape rape justice caught trap act comedic play ran june nights play enjoyed success renamed altered possibly update play focused mocking current news events play love comedy incorporates corrupt judge stands lovers way eventually characters attempt stop judge albeit comedic fashion fielding focus play point corruption government attack abuse power fielding expanded version tragedy ran march printed edition edited commented fielding pseudonym pretends original author contains serves earliest proof relationship fielding major changes plot outline tom rival heart tom killed instead tom able defeat changes outcome play furthermore emphasis faulty language fielding problems poorly written fielding ninth play unsuccessful letter writers new way wife home ran nights companion piece tragedy soon replaced welsh opera april play followed characters wives busy having affairs attempt wives faithful immoral characters play lack moral commentary plot tenth play new companion piece tragedy welsh opera ran times expanded street opera expanded version play street opera audience provoked print welsh opera fielding consent play serves tribute especially gay gay opera forth political government british monarchy particular mocked feud councillor expanded altered version welsh opera street opera rehearsed ran stage printed exists complete printed format possible performed government intervention original printing fielding consent uncertain fielding official version play printed plot focuses standard love story characters exhibit characteristics title fun links theme plot attacking theatre general fielding returned working wrote lottery ran january alongside play successful performed times january altered play february revised form ran nights season year occasionally story deals desire play lottery fun london lottery system support fielding thirteenth play ran february play ran nights lane run husband production length century critics believed play popular money benefit march play revived later possibly principal actors play died soon plot play discouraged new actors wanting play parts plot deals man selling wife money attempted abuse adultery laws old originally titled appeared june play ran nights later paired mock doctor play later revived attack catholics disputes play alludes trial father jesuit tried magic attempted rape young girl nature attacks catholicism play overall humour play appeared old success like play quickly dropped garden tragedy immediately ended night according fielding play use setting plot focuses love triangle characters night fell apart play later performed eventually appeared nights england later times 18th century including puppet fielding sixteenth play mock doctor dumb lady replaced garden tragedy companion play old play adaptation ran june later revised versions successful plot deals young girl pretending mute avoid having marry man like doctor man pretending doctor con characters structure concern opera extremely successful ran times season unprecedented length time play began change london theatre introduction political themes experimentation form following trend fielding pushed politics forefront plays provoked criticism sides including playwright opera fielding influence fielding theatrical tradition surrounding points fielding play like follow things accommodation world theatre worked fielding concerned audience reaction scenes internally reflected actions character love controlling behaviour helen characters believe actors performing stage primary concern fielding crafted plays reading reading defines characters focus plays fielding later works love character focuses classics ignores contemporary society similarly character temple practices law doesn read reading outlet understanding humanity fielding uses plays inform audience better understand humanity morality moral characters important concern fielding works play serves representation fielding believes surrounding relationship morality beliefs found work plays introduces character types fielding reuse plays novels use themes characters served way like believe fielding lacked orthodox understanding christianity believes fielding harsh actions particular rogers claims fielding generous sphere morality larger political religious attachment provided soldiers brave loyal require lives models absolute purity follows idea claiming eliminating moral drama life general gives fielding liberty create unconventional characters set plays having defend stance issues necessity defence usually belief privilege gender gender plays large role fielding moral critique means emphasise male character moral shortcomings problematic social cultural traditions starting love stock characters relies emphasise recalling traditional stereotypes commentary characters political implications gender extend criticism powerful female domestic public domains problems portrayed plays results domestic sphere extended politics especially points fielding critique women power gender power serve way private concerns taking priority public concerns plays novels women way discuss internal aspects humans includes emotions morality fielding uses females express ideal ways act mock women abuse relationship internal emotions morality dominate assume power theme appears early love continues especially prose parody claims virtue control ahead life fielding limit analysis gender roles living image ghost plays significant fielding plays including author plays garden tragedy fielding fails explain existence ghosts means image ghost serve metaphor fielding expectation women supposed publicly according campbell woman bears burden fielding disappointment relation internal external culturally sustain realm private life interior feeling personal identity apart public commercial world male inevitably fail fielding reliance drama self display world fears alternative fate ghost wish critic sees fielding sets inevitable fall women potter argues women victims men individuals choose man enjoy earliest examples develops fielding works virtue longer simply powerful hands woman granted agency intelligence determine sexuality counter emphasise gender removed fielding sees gender social construct balancing favoured potter weakening humanity cross adoption ridiculous qualities gender attacked fielding plays critical reception reception fielding plays received early recognition early plays placed position popularity alongside gay believed fielding greatest practising single exception shakespeare produced england middle ages nineteenth century modern critics rarely agree points scholars interested fielding highly successful career false start readers tend find conventional plays derivative sentimental ones superficial particular book published topic theatre critical approach limited fielding field reputation ruined pope arch plays rival hardly read days let performed earlier eighteenth century theater tends passed best believes fielding plays major novelist direction theatrical career suggest concerns increasingly led away pure representation fielding separation theatre forced expulsion fortunate freeing relationship commitment sense grain fielding way dramatic novels plays developed stage likely objective having reserved artistic energy examining process action reviewed considered nearly plays mark significant moments fielding theatrical life love temple author tragedy rape rape street opera similarly potter organised plays general theme developing characters believed fielding successful group plays followed love thematically comedies author tragedy old fielding popular playwright plays contain characters situations dialogues philosophy way thought vary depiction biography fielding declares time years old fielding england successful living playwright	Henry Fielding's early plays	Language and literature	Language and literature	Plays
2061_AnnaMariaRückerschöld	february born swedish author wrote popular books cooking late 18th early 19th century advocate women right good education household matters propagated view public debate anonymous letter female authors influential figure matters early modern sweden biography born daughter judge local employed high court stockholm grew children family seven girls boys family nobility belonged upper society father eventually year died spent time away home working stockholm leaving wife run household granddaughter inventor industrialist spent childhood grandfather estate brothers sent educated prestigious seven sisters remained receiving formal education customary upbringing girls time married employed high court stockholm educated son factory owner kept maiden life changing father shield added years old married years senior couple child moved modern day north stockholm gave birth children maria christopher fourth child died seven hours birth children reached adulthood married sister remained christopher went sea heard family moved stockholm earliest record residence stockholm couple remained rest lives parents survived children died years later age public debate best known books cooking household work established wrote article advocating household education women february letter title till unhappy swedish woman general public appeared periodical written likely letter attributed known wrote letter publisher papers weeks later letter grateful having writings published expresses wish live smallest amendment suggestions ventured benefit sex article published period intense public debate freedom press established encouraged people suggestions improve swedish society economy emigration agriculture education debated issues problematic situation unmarried middle class women woman 18th century sweden great difficulty supporting especially lower ranking servants promoted lowering number employment opportunities unmarried women defended natural division male female spheres work advocated schools women taught household duties cooking basic household economics believed need practical household knowledge priority social skills intended knowledge music art letter expressed view relationship sexes passionate concern fellow women attempted illustrate gravity situation comparing plight women character greek mythology raped sister husband tongue cut prevent speaking deed eventually managed expose husband explaining story passionate advocacy right contemporary middle class women solid education led journalist writer describe cautious feminist letter shows signs read familiar contemporary literature quotes education des treatise education girls published swedish translation like strongly advocated household education young women cooking years wrote plea female household education published small household book published contains practical advice efficient household management cooking cleaning washing etc influenced economic ideas time advised readers better advantage local produce mushrooms locally available products favor imports wine juice fruit actual recipes cooking describe everyday dishes simpler soup refined cooking recommended contemporary described foremost book proved popular printed editions genuine published new complete far larger previous work pages included recipes refined dishes tried hold fast ideals foreword book described extravagant partially written time abundance author lavish resources wealthy kitchen book continued promote goal women skilled knowledge able fulfill duties women recommendations foreword book contained short chapter descriptions fictitious served warning examples favor reading religion servants ideal housewife embodied final example humble rise bed pride husband pinnacle household joy servants delight friends poor haven oppressed finally mean spirited neighbors death write books topic cooking poor man kitchen small household book published aimed broader readership previous books included modest urban households peasant wives majority population sweden time stressed importance women know proper skills urged good care household economy incompetent husbands family budget directions simple dishes money saving strategies like bread neighbors buy larger quantities food lower prices book portrays going inspection peasant household shown barn vegetable garden etc having suggestions improvements awarded silver medal patriotic society written poorer households years earlier society issued challenge aim managed write book year book published second edition came came pages long book repeated previous importance knowing household skills girls allowed household work early age taught impractical skills stressing woman god given station home accustomed obedience encouraged women matters hands lack household education sharing information passing knowledge generation	Anna Maria Rückerschöld	Agriculture, food, and drink	Agriculture, food, and drink	Food and drink people
7175_OttoFrederickHunziker	december november pioneer american international dairy industry educator technical born raised switzerland emigrated studied started developed dairy program programs infancy time heavily involved development improvement dairy tests processes wrote leading dairy processing texts continue cited leaving managed research operations large national continued drive publishing efforts represented international dairy facilitated dairy industry improvements globe early years born switzerland december siblings born february june october july june spent early years switzerland father pastor professor member parliament attended year course studies graduating age emigrated united_states time period significant new development dairy processing technology occurring sides atlantic_ocean published specifications test milk fat content acquired swiss patent method analyzing fat content milk based studied worked years swiss american milk company new_york spend substantial time studying improving methods united_states worked years dairy farm near massachusetts improve english commercial skills studied providence rhode_island returned switzerland briefly returning receive agriculture served assistant charge dairy equipped operated dairy manufacturing research laboratory new_york married april new_york accepted position indiana head dairy departments relatively new american colleges dairy school created led dairy department significant growth summer teachers investigators meeting found known following year association changed official dairy instructors association changed chaired committee met washington manufacturers standard specifications published result meeting actively pursued numerous improvements testing improved quality safety dairy products president presidency created national score card scoring standardized dairy judging contests secured scholarships student contests improved national milk standards developed ties breed associations provided industry discussions dairy instruction extension services apart application improved scientific oversaw planning construction building housed dairy manufacturing group extension service published scientific addressing dairy farm plant problems left manage manufacturing research chicago illinois professional life wrote dairy articles textbooks world developed dairy advocated dairy laws developed standard testing particular authored known text industry enjoyed editions book originally self published condensed milk milk powder prepared use milk dairy students pure food departments republished seventh edition october according book review popularity book judged fact fourth edition previous editions having long exhausted book important contribution condensed milk milk powder industry library teacher student factory man interested phase condensed milk milk powder industry books listed core historical literature agriculture 1920s initiated dairy school air radio program dairy experts invited discuss issues director listed master minds world dairy congress held selected head industry economics program later represented united_states world dairy london copenhagen berlin stockholm obtained united_states patents including apparatus cream published process treating milk products published established research program milk plants bestowed honorary doctoral degree science retired work consultant honored honorary life membership awarded numerous international honors work including diploma italian government scientific papers swiss gold medal diploma honorary membership spain family life sons attended children florence born november new_york died february dallas texas born december indiana died january concord california born june indiana died november indiana automobile accident student born indiana died april alexandria louisiana graduated mechanical engineering business manager magazine member band orchestra mary born march indiana died january oakland california born september indiana died august florida graduated member delta board active included water sports mountain climbing ice skating death posthumous honors died november illinois portrait plaque hang leaders dairy industry asked contributors significantly shaping dairy industry listed ahead known industry inducted pioneer	Otto Frederick Hunziker	Agriculture, food, and drink	Agriculture, food, and drink	Food and drink people
10707_NigellaLawson	born january english journalist broadcaster television personality food writer daughter chancellor née salmon family owned food catering business graduating oxford_university started work book reviewer restaurant critic later deputy literary editor sunday_times embarked career freelance journalist writing number newspapers magazines brought book eat sold copies best seller wrote second book domestic goddess won british book award author year hosted cooking series channel_4 accompanied best selling won guild food writers award itv daytime chat met negative critical reaction cancelled attracting low ratings hosted united_states followed bbc series christmas kitchen led commissioning bbc range value million sold million books worldwide date early life education born london daughters baron conservative chancellor government wife née salmon celebrated beauty fortune parents came jewish families given originally suggested grandmother family kept homes divorced remarried father house_of_commons researcher married mother early 1980s philosopher remained married mother death father prominent political figure things found frustrating pre attributed child problematic relationship mother mother died liver cancer westminster london age blood siblings brother editor sister sister died breast cancer early half brother tom half sister emily father children second wife cousin salmon family ancestry taking series bbc family history documentary series think sought uncover family ancestry traced ancestors jews originate eastern europe germany leaving surprised ancestry family believed uncovered maternal great great great grandfather later fled england amsterdam escape prison sentence following conviction theft daughter hannah married father law business partner father founded education spent childhood welsh village higher schools times ages consequently described school years difficult difficult good school work rude suspect highly reflected educated independent schools places queen worked department stores london went graduate university_of_oxford degree medieval modern languages lived florence italy period time career early work originally worked publishing taking job publisher began career journalism invited write spectator initial work magazine consisted writing book reviews period restaurant critic deputy literary editor sunday_times age occasionally drifted public eye attracting publicity admitted voting labour election opposed father criticised print political relationship father stated father expect agree particular honest talk politics stint sunday_times embarked freelance writing career realising wrong ladder didn want executive paid worry think united_kingdom wrote daily_telegraph evening standard observer times literary supplement penned food column vogue makeup column working united_states weeks working sacked stated shopping deemed incompatible radio station desired common touch cook book writing established sense cooking childhood having mother enjoyed cooking conceived idea writing observed dinner party host tears eat featuring tips preparation saving time sold copies sunday telegraph dubbed valuable guide published decade successor domestic goddess focuses primarily second bestseller times wrote book defined intimate approach issuing instructions like merely making suggestions rejected feminist criticism book adding people domestic goddess title literally ironically pleasures feeling like actually book sold copies months won title author year british book awards competition authors eat published result book success observer took social affairs columnist hosted cooking television series ran channel followed christmas special critic usually known biting comments praised charismatic series averaged million viewers won year yielded accompanying best selling recipe book called book stores reported sales book won smith award lifestyle book year bites series filmed home west london later broadcast american television channels style network said release viewers responded fact trying reduce add burden looking forward making connection style viewers overall received united_states suggested commentator new_york_times said sexy mixed speed demon technique makes cooking dinner look like prelude book second cook book christmas america series followed forever summer channel_4 concept cook feel holiday began write cooking articles new_york_times brought profitable line called living kitchen range sold numerous retailers range value continued grow starting estimated million bbc contract november oversaw menu preparations lunch hosted downing street george bush wife state visit said fan recipes included starter presidential christmas dinner fifth book feast food celebrates life released sales worth million london evening standard wrote book works practical manual read writes openly emotional significance food appeared frequently american television conducting slots talk shows ellen degeneres started host daytime television chat called celebrity guests joined studio kitchen episode debuted disappointing viewers met largely negative critical reaction losing viewers week cancelled later commented radio_times frightened come dressing room added having pretend interested lives celebrities effort food based television series called debuted usa autumn week run time magazine wrote favorable review real appeal practical approach entertaining quality comfort food camera shots sensual enjoyment eating leave wishing invite signed bbc host entitled christmas kitchen began december aired weekly episodes secured second highest ratings week bbc episode debuting strong million final episode went bbc week aired christmas kitchen won second world food media award influence food commentator demonstrated late lauded fat essential ingredient christmas sales product increased significantly stated fat sales doubled fat sales increasing previous week similarly advised recipe christmas kitchen increased sales year year christmas christmas kitchen led commissioning series entitled said wouldn describe ratings success bbc rated shows week episode debuted million viewers high percentage channel slot average second episode viewing figures rose million series peaked million october influence public demonstrated sales wine increased incorporated recipe december appeared bbc graham revealed eaten eggs bet saying stupid challenge money table day eggs breakfast came criticism viewers complained gained weight debut episode series guardian noted food matches appearance flawless polished sexy rights sold discovery asia series nominated 35th daytime emmy awards united_states outstanding lifestyle program outstanding accompanying book released september november australia sharing television series book best seller television chef copies according reported copies sold mid december furthermore book number period amazon books ninth overall list christmas category guardian wrote tone recipes right appealing things brief introductions thinks cook tells sticky january estimated sold million books worldwide christmas book released october television december year american edition book christmas different cover photograph released november accompanying book tour cities special usa taste featured judges special battle titled super chef battle pitted white_house executive chef chef episode originally broadcast january kitchen recipes heart home tie series kitchen shown united_states released series entitled broadcast bbc obtained work experience italy gap year travelled united_states starred alongside reality cooking taste version began airing january channel_4 granted travel united_states traveled continuation series hired chocolate company appear advertisement advertisement filmed new_zealand local manufacturer series taste completed autumn began bbc showing viewers cook range dishes simple cook similar viewers featured comfort food dishes quick prepare featured food viewers feel better cooked ate 23rd spokesperson united_kingdom revealing voting results final song contest commented yes true est das reported january return australian television joining series guest judge alongside returning judges presenting style image enjoyed successful career trained chef like referred celebrity chef furthermore cook expert field television programmes pleasure enjoyment finds cooking deciding recipes feature books takes view stating don want carry eating don want recipe feel want cook thing adopted casual approach cooking stating think cooking fun family think appeal approach cooking relaxed rigid rules kitchen editor highlighting technical simplicity recipes noted dishes require elaborate preparation called renowned manner presenting argues meant don talent adopt different persona intimate perceived overt sexuality presentation style led called queen food porn commentators alluded named world beautiful women referred beautiful warm honest normal described having flawless skin perfect white teeth body ample height lots lush brown hair voted sexiest celebrity chef media noted ability engage male female viewers guardian wrote men love want women love want chef spoke suggesting viewers attracted smile cooking despite labelled domestic goddess insists exhibits qualities associated title critic summarised descriptions food personal life relationships children relationship human rights lawyer left novelist met journalist writing sunday_times married venice daughter son diamond diagnosed throat cancer died march aged messages proud great thing death occurred filming took fortnight great believer breaks explained suffered bout depression following funeral diamond death kept press called married art collector september happy unspecified reasons admitted said god ordeal today june photographs published sunday people grabbed neck argument outside london restaurant according witness distressed incident later described pictures showing playful trying emphasise point police investigation incident cautioned assault reported left family home said court subjected intimate terrorism threatened finish cleared court subsequently giving evidence claimed casual cruelty controlling behaviour unhappy drove occasional drug use cited examples prevented entertaining home punished going birthday party woman friend beaten left emotionally announced divorce early july stating clearly disappointment year couple estranged drifted apart public comment response court papers showed filed divorce citing ongoing behaviour july seven weeks incident pair granted decree ending year marriage reached private financial settlement assistants fraud trial november trial couple personal assistants italian born sisters began accused credit cards private company court proceedings early december sisters claimed permitted use credit cards exchange silence drug use questions drug use allowed judge sisters bad character defence admitted taking cocaine denied addicted stating found situation december sisters acquitted confirmed subject investigation based claims court consumed cocaine decision reviewed new evidence comes light alleged started campaign british media man relating drug use began trial lawyers demanded remove comments blog contrast claimed court ending marriage creating conditions family answer freed brilliant brutal man maintains totally cocaine drug free interests beliefs worth reputed million widely began circulating media early quoted saying children inherit fortune parents jewish upbringing non identifies newspaper articles shown liberal attitude sexuality women simply fantasy having sex non defining non exclusive way women supporter gives support young women breast cancer involved charity baked auctioned fundraising event sold significant money subsequently featured recipe book forever summer december caused controversy featured newspapers publicly advocating wearing fur remarked love kill bear wear revealed leaked documents declined queen elizabeth_ii daughter life peer entitled courtesy style honourable named use courtesy style stated believes cooking metaphor life sense cook need structure importantly need able flow perfection acknowledge mistakes work described cooking way strengthening oneself sense able sustain oneself skill survivor television credits awards british book award author year smith book award domestic goddess year year bites bites smith book awards lifestyle book year bites christmas kitchen	Nigella Lawson	Agriculture, food, and drink	Agriculture, food, and drink	Food and drink people
14024_PaulTremo	head chef court king poland born berlin family french king favourite cook responsible royal including thursday invited warsaw leading intellectuals followed king saint_petersburg returned warsaw death cooking style combined polish french west european influences mentor polish author recipes circulated copies instrumental development modern polish cuisine moderate cosmopolitan old polish life born april berlin middle son wife father french province turn 18th century fled religious persecution france following settled berlin encouraged father grandfather worked cotton processing junior sons eldest paul chose pursue careers family variously noted berlin church records spelling migration polish lithuanian commonwealth landed job court chef polish titular grand lithuania years later elected crowned king poland taking brother employed royal court warsaw jobs titles variously listed court master chef working court enjoyed status king favourite cook accompanying travels status salary compared colleagues received payment royal master earned respectively lived apartments royal castle warsaw royal park additionally token royal favour given manor house warsaw suburb warsaw vicinity square married daughter sons served polish military formations remained single childless home employed female cook prepared simple meals consumed dishes work following brought partition poland accompanied king exile saint_petersburg death declined job offer emperor paul russia pretext travelling spa health reasons returned warsaw died manor buried unknown location cemetery church warsaw work gained trust cook able satisfy requirements king suffered early age usually started day cup hot chocolate favourite dish washed spring water consulted royal court physician occasionally prepared separate dishes specifically king accommodate sensitive stomach tomatoes example considered detrimental monarch health recipes royal kitchen oversaw stages meal preparation ingredients composing directing work kitchen boys personally dishes serving knowledge studied classic ancient set international learning trips contemporary german french english cooking practices introduced novel french cooking techniques polish cuisine making lighter moderate use fat sugar salt expensive exotic repertoire combined old polish dishes french included clear soup served ear shaped stuffed polish soup pike polish style duck mode royal thursday invited warsaw leading intellectuals served king favourite cold cuts game bird dishes wood red black warsaw enjoyed reputation finest europe contemporaries complained tough heavy idea west european trends date british traveller conceal amusement banquet given polish king served meat fish melted butter supposedly english style german polish traveller surprised peasant boy given cake enjoy treat wrote books polish failed publish lifetime kitchen uses vegetables fruits herbs survived recipes widely circulated manuscript copies preserved bears long baroque title translating exact study methods cooking preparing dishes meat fish vegetables flour making punch essence etc contains author humorous motto thinks eats copies published independent editions influenced development modern polish cuisine helping raise generation polish worked brother signatures found master diploma issued warsaw went prolific food writer best known hunter cuisine published polish devoted solely game dishes publications published posthumously independent editions based surviving manuscript copies following volumes royal cuisine polish isbn cooking according recipes master chef king poland polish	Paul Tremo	Agriculture, food, and drink	Agriculture, food, and drink	Food and drink people
15480_MichelRoux	born april known french born chef working britain brother albert opened later starred restaurant britain restaurant outside france hold stars period years followed brother chef england order open restaurant described modern restaurant cuisine inducted french orders received lifetime achievement awards different publications decorated period 1960s founded albert worked consultant companies years brother split business took inn handed son remains active food writer appeared television shows saturday kitchen family centric series legacy woman hour programme career born room grandfather specializing meat products moved paris family war father set taking family business father away family money shop closed prevent going bankrupt time turned father left family heard older brother albert chef followed field age fourteen apprentice belleville working seventy hour weeks tasks included making des course days albert found employment ended albert working british embassy paris chef joined chef embassy moved chef service albert moved england work served stationed palace versailles later posted overseas algeria awarded des nearly decided cooking opera singer instead followed albert london despite able speak english later recall people thought mad travelling england view fact considered state english cooking time horrific describing dark ages opened restaurant london opening party attended celebrities following week reportedly london eat brothers opened second restaurant launched catering business stars awarded inn restaurants win star number restaurants won stars time restaurants new location year restaurant awarded stars rating follow stars regained star level inn restaurant outside france hold stars period years founded albert annual competition select single chef send apprentice winner winners years included sat brothers split restaurant business following disagreement direction joint business albert took took inn consultant years celebrity cruises brothers catering company purchased albert retained consultant son currently runs inn having taken chef patron july announced permanently montana switzerland citing concerns state public safety britain owns house france television radio work spoken entertainment type cooking shows 1990s cooking cook won cook saying way people handle food crime don know basics little attention paid detail instead intent having joke involving food brothers bbc television early fan celebrity isn fond feels known wrong reasons brother albert appeared october good food channel aired series entitled legacy january featured albert sons appeared guest judge professionals alongside nephew saturday kitchen alongside son legacy awards brother called modern restaurant cuisine industry magazine described finest chef country awarded award previously won lifetime achievement award magazine compared albert beatles poll carried magazine brother albert voted influential country voted chef chef great number known trained brothers estimating half star holders britain come brother kitchen kitchen included awarded france member orders france inducted knight officer des arts des followed outside france honorary officer order british empire honorary doctor year military awards des personal life brother son named albert son years old wife divorced wife taking british born sisters france visit school holidays work decided age fourteen wanted chef like father met second wife set blind date apprentice sydney australia relationship credited opening door australian trained brothers	Michel Roux	Agriculture, food, and drink	Agriculture, food, and drink	Food and drink people
26173_MauricioGonzález-GordonyDíez	october september spanish maker life worked family company increased exports worldwide level family estate located wetland region called southern spain threatened drainage efforts early 1950s help researchers international support managed preserve site time family land conservation effort afterward founders conservation efforts culminated creation area designated early years born london united_kingdom son spanish family scottish descent rooted clan gordon parents father known pope second total children ancestors moved 18th century started trading time birth father chairman actively promoting brand united_kingdom youth raised bilingual fluent spanish english moved age school spain private attended college later attended primary studies followed economic studies licensed teacher trade passed final period spanish civil war working airplane factory helping construct planes aerial forces general attended graduated worked life family company making fifth generation family chair company working firm involved making later years helped company expand producing sorts wine immediately finished studies joined business started picking crushing time learned system age different type interest developed visiting california year graduated visited california previously sent new_york boat containers wine founded research center spain establishing years occupied head wine selection company served board beginning president company period managed expand business world including united_states united_kingdom china time president continued serve advisor son took position apart work diverted time regulatory council making industry serving years involved early age avid bird family estate located wetland mouth river near southern spain interested local ecosystem invited european visit area spanish professor visited served guide gordon family saw wetlands threatened planting trees large scale drainage plans proposed government father asked try influence spanish dictator abandoning proposals trio wrote memorandum presented franco father november finished report value showed area exceptional ecological value group sought international support goals found efforts dissuade franco exposed danger franco government conceded drainage plans aborted international organisation founded goal protecting purchased hectares acres area winning fight construction plans wished create spanish foundation idea start organisation come meeting founded madrid currently spanish affiliate trio written founding statutes organisation supported visits famous guiding serve chair board area turned gordon family ceded land creation national park area turned currently measures square kilometres park wide range ecosystems especially important migratory birds wrote translation birds britain europe personal life described proud scottish heritage centred town clan gordon personal clothing style reflected noted jackets british clothes general married years died july couple children current president family company final years life poor health hardly leave home died september hometown age family claims thing drank famous brand family business death occurred clinic spent couple weeks memorial service held san juan church september apart work conservation efforts president local red_cross organisation serving president thirteen years honours decorations obtaining title death father course life received honours decorations merit awarded dedication sailing knight awarded member del awarded british embassy spain golden medal awarded red_cross golden medal merit merit spanish minister received award pioneering work lifetime contribution conservation especially awarded government favourite son municipality	Mauricio González-Gordon y Díez	Agriculture, food, and drink	Agriculture, food, and drink	Food and drink people
2110_GhostofaChance(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	ghost chance homicide life street ghost chance second episode season american police drama television series homicide life street originally aired nbc united_states february written based story executive producer episode directed begins investigation murder year old investigate unusual death elderly man howard insists receiving advice murder case ghost episode marked major developments watson case major season story arc based real life wallace case featured non fiction book homicide year killing streets series adapted handled wallace case appears screen detective ghost chance episode introduced important supporting characters including attorney colonel captain officer episode introduces concept red ball high profile case draws close media political attention term frequently future episodes episode feature murder wealthy rural setting time american television police shows focused crimes poorer neighborhoods ghost chance noted demonstrating murders place circumstances episode seen million households original broadcast considered disappointment drop viewership post super bowl series debut million viewers received generally positive reviews later featured court marathon homicide episodes gwen nominated guest performance woman accused killing husband years episode rest second seasons homicide life street released dvd united_states plot summary primary detective murder investigation year old girl named rookie detective homicide case difficulty informing family veteran remains detached emotional response homicide department dedicated case works benefit desk acts weak department meeting angrily orders confidence news report journalist discusses lack prior experience pressure superiors replace insisting rookie surprise arrive scene dead man named find man alive wakes man immediately starts arguing elderly wife gwen unhappy year marriage wishes man dead later day respond house find elderly man dead heart attack medical death murder widow dragged basement prayed stay dead having recently left unhappy marriage defends widow despite disagreement seeks romantic advice attorney tells find evidence suspect brutal murder day howard tells partner visited ghost murder victim told murder weapon howard find believe howard grows angry tells lewis ghost experience day howard arrest finding murder weapon based advice got card reader department continues investigating leads case including interrogation man lived walking distance scene previously charged murdering year old girl leads turn dead ends investigating scene police find blood hair piece metal witnesses find agrees hold information police authorize long gets story tells carry store owner claims know murderer episode ends emotional attending watson funeral production ghost chance written based story executive producer directed marked major developments story arc murder case introduced final scene series premiere gone dominates homicide life street season watson case based real life baltimore chronicled homicide year killing streets non fiction book adapted homicide series ghost chance introduced concept red ball police phrase episode describe murder red ball high profile case draws close media political attention time attention away cases homicide department phrase came directly simon book frequently future homicide life street episodes ghost chance introduced important characters regularly featured series attorney played police department bosses colonel captain played respectively cast long time friend thought written dull simple way felt confident real character episode introduced officer center significant season subplot episode son gun shot head failed arrest detective handled real life wallace case served basis character appeared screen police officer discovered body haunted failure solve wallace case specifically asked scene filming stayed close actress played watson interpreted attempt real wallace child personally advised performance actor later said learned play watching scene detective told portrayal possible murder ghost chance homicide episode demonstrate murder wealthy rural setting urban predominantly poorer location episode noted demonstrating better american television police shows murders place circumstances particularly illustrated comment green fresh air nice houses place murder episode maintains common homicide trait combining tragedy like devastated response family murder scenes dark comedy like claim endured miserable year marriage promise wouldn divorce children dead ghost chance marked development character identifying trademark bullying nature personality mocking howard publicly belief ghosts puts extra effort find killer embracing howard beliefs appreciation howard beliefs future episodes particularly fourth season episode featured black cat inspired short story black cat scene rookie police officers straight academy brought investigate crime scene inspired strategies real police departments employed exactly tactic searching remains missing girl upstate new_york cultural references ghost chance continues common motif repeated season discussing conspiracy theories assassination abraham_lincoln 16th president united_states said believes killing arranged highest ranks fascination lincoln assassination based real life obsession episode lewis discussed recent closing baltimore memorial stadium fearing waste lewis wants flood stadium turn aquatic theme park song shade blue songwriter plays police raid neighborhood homes search clues leads murder case hymn sweet written plays watson funeral final scene movie lewis sing theme song children friendly ghost making fun howard dreaming ghosts reception ghost chance originally aired nbc united_states february marking debut wednesday time slot original broadcast episode watched million households according nielsen_media_research episode received rating share rating considered disappointment nbc press coming million viewers series debut gone aired immediately super bowl january received generally positive reviews ghost chance ranked time slot night time slot winner abc comedy seen million viewers highest rating series ranked 60th prime time shows week ghost chance lost viewers half hour second episode dropped viewership age group compared gone abc coach earned million viewers cbs heat night earned viewers ghost chance compared predecessors nbc timeslot comedies mad averaged combined million viewers episode received generally positive reviews particularly praised performances police relationship said serves source dramatic tension driving series narrative forward early episodes season said episode continues demonstrate homicide best new series midseason praised silly car chases guns baltimore sun complimented episode particularly performances boston_globe said enjoyed humor episode gwen subplot dramatic touches like cleaning corn mother reviews positive said episode debut episode particularly criticizing ghost subplot said appear cracks engaging facade including drift northern exposure style time magazine reviewer said second episode marking time goofy character including lincoln requests date ghost chance court marathon homicide episodes voted visitors channel website emmy nomination gwen nominated drama series guest performance ghost chance second emmy nomination 45th annual primetime emmy award season nominated emmy outstanding guest actress comedy series year performance series dream dvd release ghost chance rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	Ghost of a Chance (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
5232_SeeNoEvil(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	evil homicide life street evil second episode second season american police drama television series homicide life street eleventh overall episode series originally aired nbc united_states january episode friend kills father assisted suicide tries convince lewis look way subplot investigates appears police shooting unarmed suspect episode directed written series creator guest appearance ill bed ridden man convinces son help kill deliberately wrote script morally questionable police handling suicide police shooting correct way investigation based real life investigation suspicious shooting featured non fiction book homicide year killing streets homicide series based detectives wrote letter formal protest executive producer negative portrayal police episode according nielsen_media_research evil seen million household viewers drop previous episode gun considered strong rating homicide nbc considering renew episode received generally positive reviews plot visits elderly bed ridden father friend ill miserable hard harry decided wants die hired suicide doctor believes wrong convinces harry anger days later harry wears convinces son shoot death lewis investigate claims harry shot lewis believe talks police station admits assisted suicide tells stick original suicide story lewis realizes happened confronts admits suggests right thing lewis bullet evidence inconclusive asks lewis let secretly wash hands gunpowder found tests lewis initially refuses eventually reluctantly agrees allowing away shooting homicide department requiring detectives sensitivity training positive experiences refuses participate repeatedly avoids scheduled sessions tells suspended pay meet chooses suspension later partner bar changes mind finally meet explains trust going marriage counseling wife actively encouraged leave feels cheated therapy bills explains anger money feelings betrayal wife ultimately impressed decides ask date strongly hints lesbian called investigate shooting death small time drug shot shortly police raid suspects police shooting explains accidentally shot cox falling weapon recall details appears nervous questioning angry inquiries police colonel captain media start suggesting racism police brutality cleared tests reveal bullet match gun requests firearms officers tested refuses approve tests gets order production evil directed written series creator penned homicide script series premiere gone episode originally meant second season premiere nbc decided air gun featured guest appearance network hoped lead increased nielsen ratings like second season episodes script evil finished time season ended poor ratings duration nbc executives asked including fewer episode camera movements jump cuts approving second season deliberately wrote evil script morally questionable police handling main assisted suicide suspected police shooting handled correct way ultimately wanted audience interpret investigation fellow police officers suspicious shooting based real life investigation chronicled non fiction book homicide year killing streets homicide series adapted character based handled actual real life investigation lewis agreement help later referenced season episode lewis reminded favor seeking help stopping investigation death members publicly criticized homicide negative portrayal police episode detectives wrote formal letter protest executive producer matter evil featured guest performance bed ridden son sensitivity training story line includes service aboard final scene episode filmed liberty ship baltimore harbor stage actress regular performer washington time appeared episode actor richmond texas played reprise subsequent episode black blue struggling actor kennedy received middle night shoot casting director knew informing audition homicide day advance enjoyed working wrote homicide script playing major story ultimately songs rhythm blues featured evil reception ratings original american broadcast january episode watched million households according nielsen_media_research earning episode rating drop previous episode gun drew million household viewers homicide dropped 10th highest rated week 31st highest rated ratings dip expected absence evil rating considered strong better past homicide episodes average rating legal drama previously occupied nbc timeslot evil timeslot abc news series primetime live 11th highest rated week said rating hope numbers level thursday night die tell tale referring subsequent week episode black blue reviews evil received generally positive reviews said surprised impressed writers placed characters ethical led making illegal decisions added series watch series good don mind pleading usa today called powerful episode praised terrific performance writer praised episode called performance tour force television critic called evil equally strong gun extremely complimentary washington_post said evil black blue better critically acclaimed gun showcased called finest actor ensemble cast manages utterly compelling doors throwing chairs reducing murder suspect tears having furious arguments rock solid simply dvd release evil rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	See No Evil (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
5633_SmokeGetsinYourEyes(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	smoke gets eyes homicide life street smoke gets eyes eighth episode season american police drama television series homicide life street originally aired nbc united_states march episode howard attempt quit smoking discovers secret removal squad room investigate beating death year old boy episode written directed doubled director photography episode featured cameo appearance film director baltimore native smoke gets eyes originally supposed season finale episode night dead living moved end season nbc programmers felt slow paced earlier season scene convince suspect copy machine dangerous lie machine inspired real life trick documented non fiction book homicide year killing streets series based later episode simon police drama series wire ratings homicide gradually declined season nbc announced decision series renewed depend nielsen ratings final episodes including smoke gets eyes seen million household viewers considered relatively low improvement previous episode rockets dead plot summary smoking partner fears safety tries quit smoking tries live smoking partner howard petition set non smoking section squad room refuses detectives smoke find share common suspect union square murder plan joint howard decide ride smoke car critical skeptical actually impressed partners discuss merits smoking talk smoking prompting walk car window ask cigarette result detectives miss suspect engage foot chase arrest public works inspector tests air quality squad room insists fine day goes upstairs finds team wearing protective suits removing hazardous wall angrily confronts captain colonel informing detectives work demands stopped medical checks conducted insist removal work safe threatens media lewis repeatedly new engine car plans build day presents lewis rear view mirror gift investigate death year old boy found dead hospital waiting room victim appeared suffer sustained blows head blunt object waited days seeking treatment initially suspicious boy cold father devout christian makes remarks detectives eventually question teen spent time right died convincing teen copy machine actually magnetic detect lies learn killed teenage leader gang called baseball bat arrest says loved like brother beating initiation deeply disturbed cold discussing murder later talks divorce episode ends drinking bar quietly singing elvis_presley song production smoke gets eyes written based story executive producer directed doubled director photography title episode refers howard seeking quit smoking hazardous removed squad room episode includes cameo appearance film director plays speaking final scene waters baltimore native develops sets films city guest appearance season episode law disorder different cameo role smoke gets eyes originally supposed homicide life street season finale episode night dead living moved end season originally scheduled episode nbc programmers worried night dead living takes place entirely detective squad room slow paced series trying win viewers homicide producers felt smoke gets eyes sense resolving storylines nbc executives believed somber preferred ending night dead living ends detectives happily smiling laughing scene smoke gets eyes force suspect magnetic scan test involved placing hand copy machine hand asked questions prior giving exam detectives loaded papers words true false machine final copies came appeared machine giving answers questions detectives pretended test radioactive dangerous suspect nervous scene based real life trick detectives real life instance featured homicide year killing streets non fiction book adapted homicide series hoax fifth season premiere episode later police drama series wire release reception gradually declined series premiered response nbc announced fans decision homicide renewed canceled depend episodes season fared ratings including smoke gets eyes original american broadcast march episode watched million households according nielsen_media_research earning episode rating constituted slight increase viewership compared previous week episode rockets dead seen million viewers received rating homicide ranked low nielsen ratings compared shows week smoke gets eyes ranking week march cbs news magazine series minutes ranking number million household viewers smoke gets eyes rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	Smoke Gets in Your Eyes (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
12239_ThreeMenandAdena	men men fifth episode season american police drama television series homicide life street originally aired nbc united_states march episode written executive producer directed episode hour limit confession murder year old episode takes place entirely confines police interrogation room actors tucker played actor final acting role death december men seen million households original broadcast lowest rated network shows evening episode received positive reviews considered classic homicide episodes ranked number entertainment_weekly list greatest television moments won drama series episode script plot summary prepare interview moses elderly convinced tucker murdered year old confident interviewed tucker multiple times court allow bothered anymore confess interview detectives hours confession tucker walks free starts acting friendly taken watson case personally aggressive work tucker taking care horse brings tucker alcoholism tucker said gave drinking black insisting hasn drink months tucker insists hadn seen days died shows skirt matched tucker barn indicating day killed moment anger nearly presses tucker face hot pipe wall stops tucker angrily insists kill agrees submit test leaves speaks tucker soft tone trying tucker trust suggests tucker drink night killed close getting confession tucker insists innocent hours left deadline returns says tucker failed test aggressively team tucker talking quickly intimidating repeated questions bring previously dropped statutory rape charge tucker involving year old girl suggest attempted sex killed resisted confront tucker crime scene photos ask sure didn kill frightened confused tucker replies right hour left confession detectives exhausted tucker turns table claims attitude man trying distance african american heritage ashamed black tucker accuses hiding dark inside afraid embrace eventually tucker admits feelings feels shame great love life year old girl breaks cries insists kill hour time limit detectives fail confession tucker released miserable unable close case new respect tries comfort saying convinced tucker killer longer sure production men directed written executive producer interrogation room homicide division colloquially referred detectives box setting appears episode filming interrogation scene gone episode season director commented acting effective entire episode filmed revolving strictly interrogation comments partially inspired write men said courage write episode based fact seen pilot episode entire episode men takes place confines police interrogation room moses actor guest starred final acting role death december acknowledged certain risk producing unusual episode fifth week said important establish weren going old week men marked conclusion murder case story arc began start season watson case based real life baltimore chronicled homicide year killing streets non fiction book served basis homicide series elements interview men incorporated real life police case wallace case solved insisted watson case homicide remain despite pressure nbc satisfying conclusion said solved felt real girl fake solution died took responsibility scene tucker admits moment sure mind didn commit murder inspired similar real life interaction found police interrogation research said chilling like man spent days preparation box set analyzing angle learn feel room comes background men involves long lengths dialogue single setting like play actors shot pages dialogue day small rehearsal time shooting according campbell shot scene angle twice entire hour keeps changing point view camera tired room filming episode campbell shoot single scenes multiple pages long dialogue film scene angle said experience felt like staging play shooting television episode allowed feeling spontaneous human emotion performances dialogue final episode stray original script said campbell actors came rhythm pacing performances largely particularly fast paced questions team tucker fact tucker goes free common theme homicide life street life fair criminals away crimes conviction producers odds nbc executives deliberately wrote script remain ambiguous tucker committed murder wanted character genuine feeling love strong feelings specifically mean killed girl praised creating dimensional character tucker said genius certain hands wanted different interpretations interrogation begins interview convinced man guilt uncertain end opposite experience multiple police departments requested copies men use training sessions accurate portrayal police interrogation process interrogation included police tactics typically featured television dramas including presentation false evidence attempt confession opening scene episode watches music video surround british band reception ratings original american broadcast march men watched million households according nielsen ratings episode received rating share lowest rated major network shows evening heavy competition abc broadcast sixth annual american comedy awards seen million households men cbs hour broadcast heat night seen million households fox beverly_hills seen million households nbc day series premiere new crime punishment fared better homicide capturing million viewers washington affiliate market episode watched viewers locally lowest rating evening reviews men received positive reviews described classic episodes homicide life street men ranked number entertainment_weekly list greatest television moments number television moments 1990s identified best episodes series sun writer said background deeply infused episode called landmark hour men sticks battle municipal green furniture managed human soul heart darkness additionally men court marathon homicide episodes voted visitors channels website new_york_daily_news said episode remains best drama hours ranked second best television episode taxi episode reverend jim gets driver license entertainment_weekly writer said episode powerful prime time hours called performance tour police force vancouver sun described men homicide finest moments called episode cynical ultimately painful particularly praised performances fact happy ending writer homicide life street unofficial companion described episode astonishing tour force writing acting demonstrates homicide best qualities praised chemistry particularly found common voice interrogation critic said episode good dramatic television gets showed quality homicide anchored strong writing acting action literary television critic called extraordinary thing seen television hour praised tension setting writing particularly tucker turned tables detectives said episode better works death maiden author books men small rooms chicago_sun-times called relentless masterpiece considered men best homicide episodes particularly praised performance moses said box contributes tension television critic said episode established box main stage moral center homicide universe said stark minimalist episode musical theater television celebration explosion language angry urban opera voices coming falling tucker sings final aria rage contempt writer said episode homicide finest brilliantly written intensely acted continuously surprising new_york_times called men standout episode series described potent showcase series dialogue willingness explore detectives instead merely repeating los_angeles_times writer described complex character study said delivered best guest performance television season ceo nbc said episode thought stunning awards dvd release won drama series men script homicide life street received 45th primetime emmy awards season winning emmy outstanding directing drama series episode gone men rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	Three Men and Adena	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
12387_SonofaGun(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	son gun homicide life street son gun episode season american police drama television series homicide life street originally aired nbc united_states february written based story executive producer episode directed episode recurring character shot duty close friend takes investigation personally son gun originally supposed fourth episode season broadcast episode night dead living moved end season shooting police officer aspects script directly inspired real life events chronicled non fiction book homicide year killing streets episode included guest appearances actors played wife marked appearances team sports announcer appearance actor later cast recurring character detective son gun seen million households original broadcast continuing downward trend ratings premiere homicide life street son gun lost viewership competition live minute interview pop singer michael_jackson abc episode rest second seasons homicide life street released dvd united_states plot summary informs detectives shot head orders immediate investigation lewis arrive hospital find doctors working close friend emotional wife privately told blind mentally disabled survives begs case believes emotionally involved gives tries feel guilty showing previous gunshot wounds investigation crime scene turns lewis catches praying locker room convinces skeptical lewis pray help investigation continue investigation murder year old repeatedly crime scene conduct arrests neighborhood fail find new frustrated prompting request new partner refuses remains confident solve watson case prepares date medical complains neighbor noise making carpenter work end bonding wives inside room coffin built customer insists bad luck date goes rejects invitation apartment receives murder brings found dead inside coffin tells investigating police died broken heart inspired deceased neighbor returns asks come inside investigating murder involving question serves customers gives clients including woman suspected murdering husbands insurance money church denies killing anybody detectives find evidence close outstanding cases lewis previously investigating church case believes prayer led arrest upheld receives anonymous claiming man named shot searching smith meets man named said saw smith shoot testify court episode ends sitting unconscious hospital listening jazz music friends discuss frequently production son gun written based story executive producer directed homicide life street episode written serve writer eventually supervising producer entirety series episode featured blending hard edged emotion amusing character comedy combination common future penned episodes originally supposed fourth episode season homicide life street broadcast episode night dead living moved end season nbc programmers worried episode takes place entirely detective squad room deliberately paced series trying win viewers result investigation suddenly advanced far stood previous episode ghost chance episode continues story arc murder case introduced final scene series premiere gone dominates homicide life street season watson case based real life baltimore chronicled homicide year killing streets non fiction book adapted homicide series investigation inspired real life case featured simon book accused killing husbands insurance money eventually convicted deaths shooting adapted true life events simon book homicide writers added twist taking case personally based close friendship victim guest appearance son gun wife cast watching performance film directed said actress simplicity honesty breathtaking struggling actor time said salary homicide episode paid month worth rent cast regular hbo series based work homicide episodes son gun homicide life street episodes featuring home team sports announcer recurring reporter character actor brief appearance police officer finds crime scene offers possible evidence return season recurring character detective indication beat cop played son gun character line spoken lewis murderers lie witnesses lie think lies sheer joy line homicide year killing streets line represents rule police work simon created following homicide unit year writing book cultural references son gun continues common motif repeated season discussing conspiracy theories assassination abraham_lincoln 16th president united_states said believes killing arranged highest ranks fascination lincoln assassination based real life obsession number songs featured episode including going circles telephone blues dreamed night hard goodbye yesterday reception original american broadcast son gun seen million viewers ranking time slot major television networks episode received rating share continued downward trend homicide ratings january post super bowl series premiere gone son gun lost ratings large live minute interview pop singer michael_jackson aired abc seen million people fourth highest total recorded entertainment program time said scheduling night watching instead homicide lost time slot cast reunion andy aired cbs attracted million viewers chicago_sun-times called episode outstanding gave highest possible rating stars gazette praised son gun realism episode portrayal injuries read said network television pretty disturbing stuff series isn afraid graphic way network television allow vancouver sun said episodes homicide particularly complimented performances said played brilliantly guest role dvd release son gun rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	Son of a Gun (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
15194_NightoftheDeadLiving	night dead living night dead living ninth episode season finale american police drama television series homicide life street originally aired nbc united_states march episode homicide squad works night shift summer evening calls come leaving detectives brood personal matters written based story wrote executive producer directed night dead living originally intended episode season nbc programmers moved end season felt slow pace lack traditional action inappropriate early series trying viewers broadcast schedule change led consistency time line errors homicide producers addressed adding words hot night september beginning episode actress makes guest appearance cleaning woman loses baby police station ratings homicide gradually declined season nbc announced decision series renewed depend nielsen ratings final episodes including night dead living seen million household viewers marking lowest season received generally positive reviews original broadcast mainstream television audiences turned minimalist approach marked original episode homicide months second season premiere gun episode won writers guild america award outstanding achievement television writing episodic drama plot summary episode begins unknown person lighting homicide detectives arrive night shift unusually hot september evening furious calls maintenance complain non working air learns shut night lewis try find secretly lights night blow number times ends lit noticing loudly complains girlfriend breaking detectives sweat complain heat calm comfortable wears tie drinks hot tea acts partner says found man named believes murderer case brings hill turns year old boy amusement detectives detectives shocked lack homicide related calls receiving night tries times night medical ask date build courage encouragement finally asks shocked accepts gets agitated daughter calls wants boyfriend sleep lets home care finds baby boy small animal carrier like cage floor police department baby popular detectives care wait social services arrive social services worker takes baby cleaning lady screams somebody kidnapped baby detectives baby talk life howard gets sister recently found breast sister learned husband having affair howard initially hesitant eventually surprises offering genuine words comfort drunken man dressed arrested threatening wife crowd people water pistol later detectives escaped custody department found falling ceiling landing desk discuss watson murder scene insists gone information repeatedly tells needs think outside box approach mind frame criminal later information realizes killer brought watson fire escape offering new lead case new day detectives assemble roof spray garden cool episode ends revealing lights night ones killed admits lit absence knew meant production night dead living directed written based story wrote executive director originally intended episode season nbc programmers felt slow paced run early season episode takes place entirely squad room lacks traditional action typical police series nbc executives felt appropriate early stage series trying viewers programmers preferred end series upbeat note final scenes night dead living includes detectives happily smiling laughing roof police department building relieve summer heat contrast originally planned season finale smoke gets eyes homicide producers felt sense resolving season storylines somber episode ended sad image quietly singing bar beer running episode sequence produced notable continuity errors example working murder stopped actively investigating earlier episode men additionally seen onscreen working healthy blinded earlier episode son gun result gunshot wound head forced leave police department consistency errors addressed homicide producers adding words hot night september beginning episode establishing events episode took place correct timeline series episodes shown order watson case depicted episode based real life baltimore chronicled homicide year killing streets non fiction book adapted homicide series night dead living displays concern safety welfare daughter revealed killed season episode viewers claimed suicide unrealistic character based feelings daughter displayed episode referred night dead living appear onscreen father death discussing mysterious lewis episode said generally cases physical evidence witnesses confessions investigating motives insight detective work consistent conclusions simon drew homicide year killing streets reviewers praised homicide realism portraying detective work perspective stark contrast typical police dramas best known point playing student activist nbc drama series fly away guest appearance night dead living cleaning woman wright cast role based performance drama film romance number songs play radios squad room night dead living music featured episode songs lay life believe city charles eddie little boy blues break ratings gradually declined series premiered response nbc announced fans decision homicide renewed canceled depend episodes season fared ratings including smoke gets eyes original american broadcast march episode watched million households according nielsen_media_research earning episode rating lowest ratings season homicide life street continuing downward trend season comparison previous episode smoke gets eyes seen million households season premiere gone watched million households lead super bowl homicide ranked low nielsen ratings compared shows week night dead living time slot competitor abc comedy ranked second week million household viewers time season finale aired homicide producers know renewed second season season finale homicide life street went hiatus network decided series renewed hiatus ultimately lasted months premiere second season premiere gun reception episode received generally positive reviews commentators author homicide life street unofficial companion said mainstream television audiences somewhat turned minimalist approach usa today writer gave episode stars comparing calling minimalist drama maximum impact wrote imagine crime crime occurs happens second counts chicago_sun-times gave stars wrote life street winds dead tonight episode victim low nielsen ratings superb actors squad know grand exit salt lake writer praised episode particularly excellent writing great acting super atmosphere rocky mountain news writer called series superb described night dead living fascinating character studies police officers squad room article writer included night dead living list excellent network television episodes dating years said episode proved acting good television strong writing acting reviews positive connor new_york_times praised series general said overlapping night dead living like santa suspect pre teen murder suspect cleaning woman missing baby felt like routines connor added won writers guild america award outstanding achievement television writing episodic drama night dead living script competed category homicide episode season premiere gone night dead living defeated scripts shows fly away life goes picket fences dvd release second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	Night of the Dead Living	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
15397_AndtheRockets'DeadGlare	rockets dead rockets dead seventh episode season american police drama television series homicide life street originally aired nbc united_states march episode howard murder trial offered promotion lewis washington investigate political refugee murder written based story executive producer episode directed marked appearances recurring characters defense attorney detective wife mary played actor real life wife episode featured guest performance actress future model murder trial portrayed episode based trial featured non fiction book homicide year killing streets series based howard procedural subsequent recovery based real life trial writers sought portray trial scenes focusing dramatic courtroom elements detectives rockets dead arguments drug particularly arguments inspired actor real life personal history drug abuse ratings homicide gradually declined season nbc announced decision series renewed depend nielsen ratings final episodes including rockets dead seen relatively low million household viewers decline previous week dog pony plot summary lewis investigate execution style shooting death chinese college student friend dormitory says victim student leader square protest hunted detectives washington talk chinese embassy murder deny knowledge incident agent confronts lewis tells waste embassy time agrees detectives tour washington excited landmarks lewis believes agent knows committed murder remains refuses help frustrated lewis leave washington prepare testify murder trial pony johnson state prosecutor tells anxious howard case depends entirely testimony contrast howard relaxed claims howard love denies howard facts allows defense attorney create reasonable doubt jury receiving howard recalled performs better seriously damaging case johnson found guilty murder offers buy howard dinner accepts amusement respond corpse found woods van low quality marijuana proves expert discusses plant grown founding fathers george_washington detectives eventually identify victim middle man drug dealer finds neighbor saw jones holding gun victim head night murder detective debate drugs illegal homicide detectives claim reduce violent crime drug revenue good causes asks pot refuses answer night arrest drug dealer home captain colonel offer promotion lieutenant vacant shift commander position working alongside asks time consider duo ask mention offer immediately senses lying says discussion discussing offer wife decides job confesses learned truth disappointed tell sooner episode ends going bar fellow detectives seldom production rockets dead written based story executive producer directed marked appearances defense attorney wife mary recurring characters rest series played married actor real life auditioned role shortly cast series said screen pairing instant don create real life low opinion trial lawyers little research role rockets dead featured guest appearance actress model student apparent friend chinese refugee murdered episode relatively unknown time went star films anna king named beautiful people world pony johnson murder trial based real life trial featured homicide year killing streets non fiction book adapted homicide series real life trial baltimore detective testimony nearly outcome case mirrored actions accidentally says victim dead hours meant hours leaving opening defense attorney question expertise defense attorney real life trial lost case procedural similar portrayed rockets dead episode asks howard seen murder victim killed knife gun allows howard mention second victim police suspect pony johnson murdered allowed mention asked homicide filmmakers sought portray trial scenes far realistic light police drama shows particularly inclusion dramatic courtroom elements howard waiting testify awkward testimony rockets dead presents case drug arguing perspectives homicide detectives particularly drugs help curb violent crime pro drug comments episode inspired actor real life personal history drug abuse drug dealing inspire development past future episodes arrangement minor conducted appears rockets dead song rhythm blues release reception gradually declined series premiered response nbc announced fans decision homicide renewed canceled depend episodes season fared ratings including rockets dead original american broadcast march episode watched million households according nielsen_media_research earning episode rating constituted decline viewership compared previous week episode dog pony seen million viewers received rating homicide ranked low nielsen ratings compared shows week rockets dead ranking week march timeslot competitor abc comedy series home improvement ranking number million household viewers praised episode making weekly recommendations declaring homicide better police procedural dramas reach television rockets dead rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	And the Rockets' Dead Glare	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
16873_BloodTies(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	blood ties homicide life street blood ties episode sixth season premiere american police drama television series homicide life street episodes constitute overall episodes series originally aired nbc october october october respectively written based story directed blood ties marked appearances regular cast members replacing outgoing cast members guest appearances episodes tied story murdered domestic worker employed wealthy philanthropist played jones protagonists initially refuse properly investigate wilson family respect success contributions african american community baltimore leads tensions accusations discrimination police department storyline serves commentary racism come best intentions blood ties included additional including murder attempts police officers retaliation fatal police shooting drug dealer fifth season second episode involves murder park late season baseball game episode police investigate execution style police informant according nielsen ratings episode blood ties viewed million households second million households million households episodes received generally positive reviews plot summary return homicide unit rotation robbery find highest murder clearance rate years delighted credits success new detectives particularly lewis asks different partner questions problems old partner assigns newer detectives partnered evening attends black tie dinner honoring friend wealthy businessman respected baltimore philanthropist hotel woman found beaten death men bathroom called investigate wife regina body identify working domestic workers leave brief interviews agitated asks went easy respect wilson contributions african american community fires shots moving car lewis narrowly avoid injury escapes immediately afterward lewis called investigate shooting death woman nearby street scene find lewis speaking woman shot police later conclude real target leaving hotel somebody opens fire shoots arm suggests shooter targeting detectives involved previous fatal shooting drug dealer angry questions report death indicates shot save lewis said autopsy reports indicate beaten badly questioning associates drug supplier pressured telling lewis shooter nephew arrest find matching gun pistol prompting admit shot police send message mother death brother georgia arrested trying flee jet handle drug money following autopsy cox finds somebody sex victim death learn daughter vicious abusive boyfriend named declare primary suspect despite protests lead thin properly questioned episode ends imprisoned stating hear soon days death detectives little progress lead victim abusive boyfriend suggest look closely son sex death knew men socially respectful contributions african american community dismiss suggestion refuses ask submit blood hair sample day runs story investigation believes leaked press order distance crime question denies having sex tough questions interview tells investigation protect rich respected black family investigation learn prison months eliminating lead announces running story cleared suspect leaked police accuses leaking story accuses going easy successful black man discussion prompts heated argument accusations racism sides agrees interview believes clear tells wilson needs blood test son wilson admits sex night murder said kill later devastated insist necessarily treated suspect disbelief detectives interrupted wilson attorney says family submit blood hair test court order investigate murder park late season baseball game leaving possible suspects long_island man presumably yankees fan found beaten death stairs stadium governor maryland pressures police department solve murder game ends millions tourism dollars ticket revenues fruitless interviews question new attended game victim russell admits killed victim said baltimore_orioles better team yankees agrees confess murder let watch rest game police department continues questioning detectives shooting expresses concern lewis covering role shooting bring continues questioning runs page story accusing homicide unit investigation protecting based race pressure form superiors demands solve murder immediately admits privately wife let personal feelings respect way investigation agrees central investigation searching wilson house detectives find love letters written questions agree talk statements court confronts love letters said courage said sex known said believe demands truth admits killing jealous rage learning affair father begins read rights stops refuses let arrest son later attorney says confession evidence arrest refuses issue arrest warrant member prominent family solid case decide san_diego tells continue protecting son reluctant peace remains cold admits wrong instincts case correct tells let personal feelings cloud judgment agree bring baltimore evidence lewis investigate execution style wife presumably retaliation collins police investigation sister find collins young son jack hiding closet house terrified answer questions takes jack park bond mutual love cars teaches vehicle comfortable police jack tells man identifying answering machine voice killer disturbed recognizes voice belonging detective jack identifies lineup lewis confront evidence questioning confess murder said killing collins threatening reveal payroll production story blood ties conceived executive director supervising producers episode written producer second penned producer episodes directed respectively blood ties originally premiered october month later originally planned angered fans delay indicated regular season baseball game prominently featured second episode arc despite fact baltimore season ended september blood ties featured appearances regular cast members portrayed seattle homicide unit detective marking character appearance series previously played respective characters guest appearances character appeared fifth season finale character described department internal affairs department executive producer said thought new cast additions create drama tension characters add new people feeling like writing acting scene time think different characters audition read lines character previous episode said audition said want want female like don want sort idea said producers looking certain type terms strong woman men incorporated elements personality character strong trust instincts said treated cast starting aware fact predominantly men problem saying small dark woman terrified thought going asked experience joining said interesting interesting new regular characters replaced outgoing cast members return sixth season episode leo character said working time department fugitive unit actress leo reportedly left devote time family allegedly fired series episode character said left police work documentary filmed aired pbs won emmy award commentators said emmy mention joke things anybody references failure secure nomination primetime emmy award outstanding drama series seasons pitchers baltimore_orioles cameo appearances second blood ties episode wilson murder red ball police case involving innocent victim widely known suspects combination red ball cases tend draw attention media public high ranking police brass result additional detectives added case thought elements red ball case help produce strong season premiere tension veteran characters new detectives writers supervising producers said blood ties marked deliberate change series focusing darker story lines little unresolved relationships seasons absolutely change media outlets noted blood ties included action oriented elements car chases chase sequence involving helicopters airport denied allegations nbc executives said changes come don want style week feel conform want people know expect tune week formulaic new_york_yankees baseball team refused homicide life street permission use yankees logo episode said angered writers inspired portray yankees fans particularly negative light new_york native later portrayal said kept telling guys little harsh yankees names seen case list white board names purposely inserted inside joke homicide fans reference online rumors cast member replaced actors shannon false rumors actually leaked fans blood ties rest sixth season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete season released january themes portraying black members police department ignoring legitimate evidence protect prominent member baltimore african american community blood ties touches simultaneously themes police misconduct racism characters episode involves discrimination black characters blood ties described example reverse racism majority baltimore population black episode includes elements treat differently black suspect based financial success charitable contributions city african american community themes overtly addressed climatic argument blood ties arc second episode suggest questioning murder victim sex night killed accuses old stereotypes black male sexuality black men control comes blue shoes tight pants describes baltimore black run town protects points similar practices carried baltimore history italian americans irish americans primarily controlled city particular says favors called knights columbus history professor studies race united_states said blood ties provided wonderful levels race said understand caught culture struggling bring enterprise limited understanding came fully alive requires struggle realities journal article portrayal african american men homicide life street documentary historian said presentation light skinned black villains like dark skinned actors like played blood ties notion black skin color uniform regard character media outlets described watson subplot racial spin murder year old child beauty queen said similarities intended reception episode blood ties received nielsen rating constituted million households time episode homicide time slot competitor cbs households abc beat shows million households second episodes blood ties finished shows week second episode received rating constituted million households compared million nash bridges million episode received rating constituted million views compared million nash bridges million blood ties received generally positive reviews television critic described frank compelling discussions race medium episode actor word described blood ties explosive wrote smart humorous writing homicide strong performances superb ensemble actors praised episodes called complicated race class new_york_daily_news said episode helped maintain said episodes moment tonight opener edge seat entire hours moment surprise shooting shocked right feet newsday writer described blood ties brilliant drama superb piece work appears novel variation reverse discrimination episodes dallas morning news writer said solid impressions episode arc killer story line record new_jersey called episode gripping strong start terrific series praised episode said heart territory storylines particularly praised episode going outside normal conventions portraying lead characters like reluctant right thing buffalo news gave episode stars particularly praised performances said impressive job introducing new cast members arkansas democrat gazette said blood ties lived high standards said set fort worth star telegram praised blood ties said enjoy homicide life street said episode starts fast gets better intense minute described climactic argument second episode turbulent internal dispute seen detectives writer praised main story line said episode said blood ties serve good introduction series new viewers alan_sepinwall television critic star-ledger criticized addition silly action oriented scenes traditionally intelligent praised blood ties addition new cast members sepinwall particularly praised acting pitted powerhouse like holds times dramatically forceful voice sounds intimidated reviews blood ties positive said series benefited new characters episode asks viewers believe strongly inherent racism certain characters come know heroes seasons past thought clashes new detectives predictable	Blood Ties (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
19261_BlackandBlue(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	black black blue episode second season american police drama television series homicide life street twelfth overall episode series originally aired nbc united_states january episode aggressively investigates believes police related shooting amid pressure pursue civilian suspects successful confession innocent man leaving feeling conflicted directed episode written based story series executive producer considered black blue favorite script wrote homicide investigation based real life investigation suspicious shooting featured non fiction book homicide year killing streets homicide series based fictional elements like howard romantic interest added cast members story detectives wrote letter formal protest executive producer negative portrayal police episode black blue featured befriends innocent man tricks murder home team sports announcer reprised recurring role reporter according nielsen_media_research episode seen million household viewers drop previous episode evil received generally positive reviews critics particularly praising performance plot summary continues investigation shooting death small time drug suspects killed police raid involved police officers turn guns testing press reports heavily story results pressure department heads solve case aggressively questions officers cooperative angry focus police demands civilian suspects pursued canvas neighborhood shooting find residents trust police feel responsible death woman named june tells grandson witnessed shooting brought station questioning plans question eyewitness demands treated suspect frustrated refuses consider possibility police shooting assures confession starts interrogation calm gradually frightening makes feel responsible allowing cox uses guilt break confess obviously innocent gives confession conflicted especially compares past police practices white detectives getting confessions black suspects matter cost ultimately tears confession instead visits jail admits shot cox warning cox running away arrest home gun bullets appear match cox arrest deeply howard previously affair affair ended married children howard continues harbor romantic feelings story repeatedly loudly declares love girlfriend annoyance lonely partner live tropical fish murder scene dead drug dealer learning evidence decides gift loves fish breaks fish ends eating fish lonely turns comfort finds tables turned met local named bond mutual love music episode ends getting play music plays violin plays cello production black blue written directed series executive producer like second season episodes script finished time season ended poor nielsen ratings duration nbc executives asked including fewer episode camera movements jump cuts approving second season continued working homicide entire life considered black blue favorite script complimented writing particularly interrogation scene character didn dare judge character scene doesn judge right wrong way remain free conscience beauty scene typically shows edges issues like water spiders emotions violins black blue investigation fellow police officers suspicious shooting based real life investigation chronicled non fiction book homicide year killing streets homicide series adapted character based handled actual real life investigation howard affair real life incident added efforts ensure detectives personally involved storylines possible members publicly criticized homicide negative portrayal police episode detectives wrote formal letter protest executive producer matter served body double scenes playing cello bailey studying baltimore time appearance homicide led collaborations including recurring guest appearance bailey drama series episode featured guest appearances went play medical drama series grey anatomy started long running lead role nurse medical drama series months black blue aired cast having worked pilot abc miniseries worked members offered recurring role homicide turned favor actor richmond texas reprised role previous episode evil struggling actor kennedy received casting director knew middle night shoot small role assault west_point giving day notice audition homicide enjoyed working wrote homicide script character playing major ultimately black blue featured second guest appearances home team sports announcer recurring reporter character homicide songs slow fire like jane roof featured black blue final scene perform movement classical music song composed reception ratings season premiere episode gun opened extremely high rating guest appearance ratings declined said future decision homicide renewed depended heavily ratings performance black blue hope numbers level thursday night die tell tale original american broadcast january episode watched million households according nielsen_media_research earning episode rating constituted drop previous week episode evil seen million households drop previous episode gun drew million household viewers 31st highest rated week black blue 47th highest rated week aired tying cbs drama series picket fences abc comedy series reviews black blue received generally positive reviews critics particularly praising performance author homicide life street unofficial companion praised script black blue writing written series memorable installments scene confession innocent man greatest achievements complimented performance said exhibits charm charisma star praised particularly interrogation scene wrote black blue didn earn emmy nomination called exceptional cop drama complimented dramatic tension chicago_sun-times writer gave episode stars said likes homicide try washington_post strongly praised black blue evil showcased called finest actor ensemble cast said manages utterly compelling doors throwing chairs reducing murder suspect tears having furious arguments rock solid simply baltimore sun writer called superb episode lyrical beautiful climax praising performance particularly intense interrogation scene black blue court marathon homicide episodes voted visitors channels website dvd release black blue rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	Black and Blue (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
21449_AShotintheDark(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	shot dark homicide life street shot dark fourth episode season american police drama television series homicide life street originally aired nbc united_states february written based story executive producer episode directed episode focuses investigation shooting suspect lewis continues investigate pursue different leads murder case year old shooting police officer murder young girl directly inspired real life events chronicled non fiction book homicide year killing streets series based shot dark continued string guest appearances actress wife shot dark seen million households original broadcast improvement previous episode son gun rating considered disappointment continuing downward trend ratings shot dark suffered particular direct competition 35th grammy awards episode rest second seasons homicide life street released dvd united_states plot summary shot head previous episode recovery live doctors blind life lewis question prime suspect mojo gentry identified eyewitness shooter close personal friend convinced smith shooter lewis insists investigation lewis later learns shooting cop day shot confronts admits shooting frustration suffering police celebrate finding shooter lewis guilt stricken feels took case personally let true shooter free continue struggling investigation murder year old wants question maintains killer believes lead exhausted instead pursues theory posed watson killed day earlier believed slowed body stored cool place identify possible suspect lived near murder scene learn car shortly body found search lots car detectives accuses racism eventually find car uncover evidence linking watson pursues warrant believing confession confronting suspect secret information metal pipe killer watson plan ruined captain tells press pipe frustrated calls later convinces apologize risk losing watson case later night tells lab report revealed watson dress barn acknowledges right prepare arrest investigate double shooting drug dealer killed man badly injured investigation find high class prostitute hiding nearby making unsuccessful advances admits drug dealer killed bodyguard arresting stuart says shooting victim drug dealer human shield attempt follow employer orders kill threatens stuart said shot drug dealer ensure man threatening shot production shot dark written based story executive producer directed television feature film director history collaboration starting drama series served producers told washington_post homicide television abstract art shot dark continues story arc murder case dominates homicide life street season watson case based real life baltimore chronicled homicide year killing streets non fiction book adapted homicide series animosity episode based real life detective inspiration strong dislike chronicled simon book shooting adapted true life events simon book homicide writers added twist taking case personally based close friendship victim guest appearance shot dark wife cast watching performance said actress simplicity honesty breathtaking struggling actor time said salary homicide episode paid month worth rent cast regular hbo series based work homicide episodes scene calls moment homicide life street detective openly criticizes deputy commissioner displays selfish leadership duration series result author homicide life street unofficial companion called moment home viewers scenes cut syndicated episode shown shot dark includes consistency errors character framed photos desk include photos wife apparent children makes joke frank bought dog wife kid later revealed children fourth season wife mary pregnant cultural references number songs featured episode including elephant walk kings beat goes symphony closing scene sings karaoke version knife song release reception original american broadcast february dog pony watched million households according nielsen_media_research earning episode rating constituted increase viewership compared previous week episode son gun seen million household viewers homicide ranked relatively low nielsen ratings compared shows ranking week february cbs news magazine series minutes ranking number million household viewers marked continued downward trend homicide viewership series debuted shot dark particularly suffered ratings aired time 35th grammy awards ceremony cbs news sentinel praised episode fabulous especially complimented performance said watching sing knife karaoke experience son gun rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	A Shot in the Dark (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
23766_ADogandPonyShow(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	dog pony homicide life street dog pony sixth episode season american police drama television series homicide life street originally aired nbc united_states march episode investigate murder police dog helps friend adjust injury howard suspect drug dealer brutal murder episode written based story executive producer directed homicide executive director chose impressed taylor short film burning question elements episode including shooting adapted non fiction crime book homicide year killing streets dog pony included guest appearances actors ratings homicide gradually declined season nbc announced decision series renewed depend nielsen ratings final episodes starting dog pony aired appeared commercial making direct appeal viewers watch seen million household viewers considered relatively low improvement previous episode men plot summary continues despair murder case year old failed solve orders new cases assigned solve murder jake police dog thinks waste time according municipal law death city owned animal treated official investigation decides case seriously dog extremely red believes poisoned question local dog pound employee penny admits accidentally killed jake carbon mixing dog dumped body panic jake human partner jake ashes lake reminded emotionally respond murder young woman named found cut tortured death bedroom determine victim likely knew killer day question drug dealer having affair johnson denies killing johnson girlfriend tells detectives johnson abruptly left party fellow drug named night murder later lewis reports william mother killed way confesses sat car johnson killed mother taking drugs away william medical leaves visiting son boyfriend day hopes know better rides murder investigations acts wild constantly asks inappropriate questions dinner later asks sex life mother making extremely uncomfortable later tells believes son crazy spends lot time friend officer recovering recent shooting left blind point helps clean wife tells pregnant husband reacted angrily news tells died hospital good father encourages attends retirement party best friend fellow shift commander police brass possible replacement secret returning drunk party old times warns police brass end forcing retirement production dog pony written based story executive producer directed executive producer hand picked taylor direct episode watching taylor half hour film burning question taylor thesis taught film director episode establishes vacancy homicide unit second shift commander position offered season episode rockets dead ultimately given beginning season taylor said directing homicide hadn learned rules filmmaking matter position supposed break shooting adapted true life events chronicled homicide year killing streets non fiction book adapted homicide series homicide writers added twist taking case personally based close friendship victim season homicide progressed nbc officials complained producers large number protracted interwoven going given episode dog pony particular refers murder featured previous episodes resolved men romance progressing season additionally pony johnson subplot started dog pony resolved episode rockets dead beginning second season homicide producers network pressure forced reduce number episode dog pony included guest appearances actors cast wife watching performance said actress simplicity honesty breathtaking struggling actor time said salary homicide episode paid month worth rent cast regular hbo series based work homicide episodes later starred leading role drug dealer wire baltimore police drama created homicide producer writer later starred legal drama practice making second future practice star appear homicide gone hamilton later starred comedy drama series men certain age screen wife character played homicide star reception ratings ratings homicide life street gradually declined series premiered response nbc announced fans decision homicide renewed canceled depend episodes season fared ratings starting dog pony week episode aired network started airing television commercial making direct appeal viewers watch said wondering remember michael_jackson special opposite president spoke pre got opposite exactly called soon quickly switch nbc original american broadcast march dog pony watched million households according nielsen_media_research earning episode rating constituted increase viewership compared previous week episode men seen million household viewers received rating homicide ranked relatively low nielsen ratings compared shows ranking week march abc comedy series home improvement ranking number million household viewers reviews howard news service praised episode calling strongest television recommendations week declaring homicide best new drama season dog pony rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	A Dog and Pony Show (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
26460_BopGun(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	gun homicide life street gun second season premiere american police drama television series homicide life street tenth overall episode series originally aired nbc united_states january episode baltimore homicide unit investigates shooting death wife tourist played guest star episode written based story executive producer directed response network feedback poor ratings season gun marked changes series including bleak visual style greater focus plot multiple episode focus primarily homicide victim detectives simon felt dialogue realistic especially dark humor employed detectives mechanism dealing job williams previously worked homicide executive producer films good morning vietnam toys led speculation williams took role gun favor actor insisted admiration series young son episode director makes appearance williams son episode feature music coordinator resulted use songs previous episodes including killer seal feels like rain gun seen million viewers highest nielsen ratings week thanks large interest williams appearance episode received generally positive reviews particularly complimenting dramatic performance williams gun won writers guild america award best screenplay episodic drama williams received nomination drama series episode rest second seasons homicide life street released dvd united_states plot summary investigate murder iowa woman shot death husband young children stick victims tourists case red ball receives considerable attention press city officials police brass tries interview young children stops protesting experience hard obtaining information street police arrest possesses caliber bullets matching shooting making jokes investigation overtime receive angrily demands thrown case explaining police detached victims encounter takes children hotel room daughter denial mother death son matt angrily refuses talk father police arrest second suspect named found possession murdered woman detectives question separately identifies shooter year old howard surprised learn clean criminal record family insists kill anybody arrested incident unable identify suspects remember faces sees wife body gets upset clothes wedding ring removed later returns ring admits feels guilty protecting wife stopping shooter asks hold gun know feels reluctantly agrees howard repeatedly questions believing acting fall guy friends says eventually writes letter apology closes case despite howard protests time investigate eventually pleads guilty insists serving life parole sentenced years prison tells howard feels comfort wife dead howard tries letter refuses accept howard eventually speaks directly prison admits handled gun stick thought gun control situation prevent getting hurt said lost control robbery insists needs serve life sentence devastated howard finally agrees opinion shooter production despite critical acclaim homicide life street suffered poor ratings season prompting nbc consider taking air episode season network approved episodes second season trial run determine continue cancel script gun completed season ended nbc executives asked including involved plots fewer camera movements approving second season attempt network improve ratings executive producers sought subtle changes stronger mainstream appeal aiming compromise integrity originality gun producers slightly toned bleak visual style hand held photography motif episode focus single story multiple felt allowed writers tell main story better said changes series experimenting episodes try new tend breaking ground people watching colors lighting slightly brighter camera movements gun marked episode director photography scene depicts moments immediately shooting shots family tourist attractions baltimore shots shooters playing basketball following family photography depicts different sides baltimore presenting family shots like cheerful tourist advertisement shots presenting image city gun marked episode new time slot occupying period previously filled previously aired regularly defeated ratings abc comedy gun written based story directed feature director best known films television script written mills previously worked reporter friends simon studying journalism mills said gun script inspired quit journalism golden opportunity didn know developed bad habits newspaper feature writer stretch project fill available time gun served departure previous homicide life street episodes focusing strongly murder victim detectives simon felt script dialogue particularly detectives use dark humor mechanism dealing homicide unit faithful reality particularly cited scene talking overtime expected simon said conversation happen happen homicide unit america saw actually acted got real kick pants thought homicide detectives watching cracking know true gun originally meant serve second season finale nbc decided season premiere hopes getting increased ratings guest appearance williams portrayed husband slain woman tourist news sources indicated williams took role favor homicide executive producer directed williams films good morning vietnam toys said williams agreed based actor positive impression general gun script particular said williams read script responded instantly said want prepared gentleman worked tail experience joy williams said visually different television williams primarily known comedic work homicide producers williams consciously decided remain true original script rejecting idea adding humor jokes episode williams scenes filmed days actors found emotionally draining said williams worked like dog special event intense year old son episode director stephen earliest acting performances gun matt young son williams homicide regular acquainted hbo comedy special appeared acted joked filming takes williams dramatic scenes episode featured actor worked primarily washington area music gun episode feature music coordinator music featured previous episodes opening scene song killer seal plays brief montage images preparing rob family arrested wearing listening public enemy song song chinese plays scene police simultaneously interview feels like rain blues guitarist singer plays howard arrives talk leaves talking episode final scene song don start blues harmonica player featured episode fan funk band episode references group result episode title derives band song gun endangered species scene criminal claims shot destruction rare record member additionally street characters named reception ratings original american broadcast january gun seen million viewers higher usual homicide life street rating large interest williams appearance received nielsen rating share highest rating drama series january rating placed homicide network television nielsen ratings week ratings normally filled thursday timeslot president said ratings far exceeded expectations said expected series return season viewership remained strong said homicide ratings outstanding numbers dramatic television series reasonable level audience believe work believe creative team think outstanding ensemble cast television like continued signs life reviews gun received generally positive reviews identified best episodes series sun writer said direction good film called script ambitious scripts year chicago_sun-times gave episode highest rating stars called williams portrayal piercing dramatic performance said hour gun says firearms urban crime victims racial politics congressman trying blame television violent society entertainment_weekly critic ken_tucker complimented episode noting don let williams distract real stuff brilliantly murder investigation scenes exceptional performances homicide detective television critic kate hare praised gun focusing characterization dialogue action said episode mix intense emotion police work humorous detectives gun philosophy homicide author homicide life street unofficial companion called episode williams performed probably finest performance philadelphia_inquirer television critic lauded cast visual art camera realistic nearly literary dialogue gun writer praised unexpectedly understated performance williams praised episode simple formulaic suggested viewers crime victims particularly moved script television critic miami herald called episode hour highest order network said williams scene praised script racing topics television shows taking measure weight grief television critic corpus times described williams performance heartbreaking particularly praised writers taking higher level making sympathetic dimensional victim liner said succeeds characters sides tragedy called episode brilliant praised focusing crime effects realistic portrayals race concerns crime away white tourists said occasionally said good sermon need amazing powerful come adam daily variety praised cast confusion conveyed direction themes police victims rights dysfunctional families script washington_post writer called williams performance poignant called fact actors tribute quality cast connor new_york_times called episode extraordinary said incident captured writer praised williams controlled performance terrific scenes said explanation police use humor jobs scene detectives simultaneously suspects different rooms said choreographed tightly ballet reviews positive dallas morning news writer called williams overly transparent effort grief victims survivors said episode works overtime world like bleak scary place bark said target charges racism making murderers black credited script making perpetrators sympathetic washington_post said writers try little hard create sympathy murder suspects episode suffers absence actor plays praised williams performance said episode particularly powerful actual violence screen columnist called episode irritating pointless killing particularly criticized script said overly eyed particularly extended moments williams talking shooting later article said written column generated response gun addition responses angry fans received said simply wanted insight specifically didn like writers improve performance gun list best guest star moments television history compiled april awards gun won writers guild america award best screenplay episodic drama defeated competing episodes second season homicide episode thing received nomination drama series emmy nomination homicide life street received 46th primetime emmy awards series received nominations previous year williams lost award performance cbs drama series picket fences nominees dvd release gun rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	Bop Gun (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
27104_AManySplendoredThing(Homicide:LifeontheStreet)	thing homicide life street thing second season finale american police drama television series homicide life street thirteenth overall episode series originally aired nbc united_states january episode investigate related murder young woman forces uncomfortable confront darker lewis disturbed man commits murder pen crashes date ruins romantic written directed thing originally planned close second season expected finale gun changed season premiere capitalize guest performance homicide case thing involving man committed murder pen based similar real life killing took place maryland episode featured second guest appearances actress romantic interest appearance owner fashion store thing marked final appearance played detective series debuted dismissed reportedly nbc officials unhappy physical appearance publicly critical dismissal according nielsen_media_research episode seen million household viewers slight increase previous week episode black blue received generally positive reviews identified best episodes series thing nominated episodic drama plot summary investigate murder found bed note reading proves false lead investigation leads detectives discover angela strange worked fashion store phone sex detectives visit operation speak manager tells boyfriend angela named spend time club called eve destruction street question questioning gets angry loses cool leather clad multi pierced freak wall telling doesn start giving answers gon downtown knock responds telling kiss leave driving claims disgusted sexual insists everybody darker recognizes virtues truly tested return fashion store ask leather belts patterns matching marks angela neck store owner tells angela neighbor jacket matching belt interrogation confesses accidentally killing angela belt quirky violent sex thank solving case brings leather jacket gift reluctantly accepts night visits baltimore red light district wearing jacket way test suggested approached prostitute rejects passing test lewis investigate fatal shooting man apparently killed pen lewis believes story refusing believe pen worth killing search suspect apartment find thousands line walls like bizarre decorations lewis later finds police station originally planned turn instead went roof commit suicide lewis away beautiful golden pen belonged lewis deceased grandmother taken custody later lewis believe kill pen suggests worse killing car woman lewis determined develop strong attachment material item gives grandmother pen cynical recent break girlfriend normally unusually cheerful result romantic relationship younger year old nervous real date asks double date howard boyfriend attorney double date goes lonely crashes joins table ruins mood evening complaining romantic leave walk offers words encouragement impressed leaves happily watch fireworks production thing written directed previously directed homicide star film mad dog glory like second season episodes script thing finished time season ended poor nielsen ratings duration nbc executives asked including fewer episode camera movements jump cuts approving second season thing second season finale season premiere gun originally meant serve finale nbc decided instead open season hopes getting increased ratings guest appearance actor title thing reference historical romance novel subsequent film love thing title refers episode theme variations love demonstrated sexual world dysfunctional relationship romance twisted love case inspired real life murder took place maryland year old man shot man times shop victim refused sell shooter pen double date crashes howard depressed life love leaving scene eventual break occurs unspecified time season episode marked final appearance regular cast member series debuted dismissed reportedly nbc officials unhappy weight physical appearance believe appealed audiences departure publicly criticized direction homicide taken second season claimed voiced concerns recent scripts thing featured second guest appearances actress months later started long running lead role nurse medical drama series cast having worked pilot abc miniseries worked members offered recurring role homicide turned favor thing featured guest appearances played fashion store owner murder suspect professional actor working washington favorite episode filmed songs time written performed featured thing featured songs include summer song bad girls rendition italian composer performed reception ratings nbc renewed homicide second season assess performed nielsen ratings determination continue series series premiere gun drew unusually large viewership numbers guest appearance subsequent episodes dropped ratings making viewership thing particularly important future series said episode performed nbc going hard thinking original american broadcast january thing watched million households according nielsen_media_research earning episode rating constituted slight increase previous week episode black blue seen million households 37th highest rated television week tied fox animated comedy series simpsons thing faced unusually tough competition timeslot abc news series primetime live special report convicted murderer reviews thing received generally positive reviews identified best episodes series sun writers particularly praised creative pairing said touching love story want washington_post television reviewer strongly complimented episode especially approach disturbing twisted events like murder homicide superb cop helpful guide dealing madness modern world attention television program attention rewards writer said episode shifts cop work surprising moments light leak detectives lives called stunning installment cop drama defines genre particularly praised perfect performance writer called episode superb said left stunning impression performance said left hungry episode adding personal plea nbc renew series thing nominated episodic drama ultimately lost homicide episode gun dvd release thing rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released	A Many Splendored Thing (Homicide: Life on the Street)	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
28367_GoneforGoode	gone gone episode season american police drama television series homicide life street originally aired nbc united_states january immediately following super bowl episode written series creator directed executive producer gone introduced regular cast members episode connects involving detectives homicide unit establishes story arcs continued season investigation johnson widow killing husbands insurance money rookie assigned murder year old girl case taken directly homicide year killing streets non fiction book series adapted gone seen million viewers largest viewership season nbc initially disappointed ratings episode received generally positive reviews original broadcast won emmy award direction gone nominated directors guild america award received writers guild america award nomination episode script plot summary episode opens lewis looking yards away body man shot death man girlfriend shot head incident survived tells police questioning aunt hired kill insurance money detectives learn church previously collected life insurance deceased husbands murdering husbands lewis body recent husband autopsy reach dead end turns wrong body grave new murder case fears difficult solve taken partner recently experienced perfect streak solving consecutive cases investigate body man dead basement howard case easily owner house literally calls house investigating agrees police interview acts extremely nervous eventually charged murder reluctant follow case murdered drug run car case cold months feel guilty partner makes progress speaking family notes based witness accounts man long blond hair black car spends night looking suspect photos finds man black car end damage long black hair blond question believing suspect dyed hair change appearance killing woman quickly confesses having hit accidentally driving drunk tells excellent detective lone wolf work partner ends investigating death year old man rookie detective initially believes death heart attack correctly determines murder man car missing police later arrest man named johnny found driving dead man car interrogation johnny rights persuades murder convinced johnny guilt questions ethics approach prompting angrily officers episode ends responding homicide primary detective brutal murder year old girl named production development writing gone written series creator directed executive producer seeking create television series based homicide year killing streets non fiction book based year spent homicide detectives fellow executive producer hired adapt elements book episode television script wrote episode shot director photography started working editor departed process creative differences finished editing gone return rest season worked editor remaining episodes costumes episode designed return work subsequent episodes episode technically television pilot network ordered season episodes gone produced episode noted time weaving separate storylines single episode trend multiple homicide nbc executives indicated preferred script focus single homicide case ultimately allowed script filmed included additionally despite intense advance promotion homicide premiere deliberately sought introduce little fanfare avoiding sensational favor character driven plot quirky dialogue dark humor gone included storylines exact bits dialogue adapted straight homicide year killing streets investigation elderly woman suspected murdering husbands order collect life insurance policies based real life case accused killing husbands insurance money eventually convicted deaths scene involving funeral director accidentally wrong body investigating church case mirrored similar situation described homicide year killing streets case murder case assigned final scene gone adapted major book watson case important story arc season ended case solved hit run murder based simon book murder elderly man inspired case featured book young homosexual man killed elderly lover stole car based characters homicide detectives featured simon book difficulties experienced case extremely personal approach took attempting solve inspired real life baltimore detective primary detective wallace case detectives featured homicide book said happy screen counterparts detective inspiration objected scene gone character drinks milk bar said episode opens lewis looking clues dark alley specifically wanted dialogue driven prologue scene immediately clarify fact men detectives looking dialogue staging scene imitated final scene homicide episode forgive aired final scene detective played says lewis life mystery accept line spoken episode lewis said wrong job ain got life line spoken episode early scenes gone involved introducing rookie detective homicide unit sought use orientation way introducing exposition background viewer writing script wanted dialogue reflect kinds things detectives talk discussing murders cases led inclusion scenes detectives talk lunch office compared scenes film said different shows room conversations seemingly didn connect reveal lot characters specifically asked body badly attracting flies felt police dramas portray corpses realistic way photography style sought establish stylistic elements episode define series entire run near constant movement hand held super cameras episode documentary look editing style involving jump cuts unusual television time said camera editing style partially inspired film scenes shot location baltimore case duration series use hand held cameras allowed film shot easily city sound stage los_angeles new_york_city shows typically shot said location times allowed baltimore character filming episode said simply allow actors perform switched forth hand held camera instead filming carefully planned shots individual scenes multiple angles camera style largely persisted end series individual scenes involved number jump cuts repeated times fast succession unusual stylistic element episode involved sudden changes jump screen direction shot actor looking left right immediately jump shot actor looking right left process born editing sessions gone insisted footage edited include actor best performances editing cut shots match began looking shot use disguise edit liked technique came cutting conflicting shots insisted stay addition stylistic touches episode established narrative motifs stayed homicide life street duration series white board detectives kept names open cases red closed cases black names nbc employees friends homicide crew white board episode noted deliberate lack car chases favor dialogue story allowed humor incorporated particularly interactions detectives said episode inform audience time want sense humor don way long standing character traits established gone including extraordinary streak solved cases demonstrated argue loudly assigned case animosity based real life detective inspiration strong dislike chronicled homicide year killing streets howard perfect streak based similar shorter lucky streak experienced real life featured book filming episode filmed course seven days baltimore scene try find correct police car large garage filmed early 20th century ballroom scene features dozens white unmarked shortly gone filmed stopped regular brand police car agreed sell collection homicide cars props episode cars actually scenes set medical office filmed actual baltimore actors particularly hated performing found atmosphere unsettling said filming thing camera boy identification pictures suspects looks pictures photos members homicide crew final scenes episode featuring johnson speaking alley night conceived written shot night simply outside homicide crew wanted advantage location rainy night said considered interrogation scene gone defining scene character defined character intelligence sharp instincts interrogation style filming scene commented acting effective entire episode filmed revolving strictly interrogation comments partially inspired write season episode men critically acclaimed homicide episodes final scene episode features responding murder scene rainy body wrapped red worked bleed colors red film stark look gone originally included scene discussing detective work police station scene cut final episode featured comparing work challenges faced literary character mistakenly referring holmes antagonist murray gone marks performance detective character actor played television episodes number shows including said actor audition gone script asked time practice material come read second reading said terrible actor eventually found confidence performance gone included guest appearances actors later widely known later achieved fame playing abc legal drama practice played suspect repeatedly lies questioning later played abc sitcom portrayed alleged murderer johnny gone comedic confession scenes involving accused murderer entirely improvised editing process gone proved difficult audio problems forced producers shoot scenes cast crew found atmosphere fun editing mother brought home baked crew asked stop visiting slowing edit sessions cast finally watched cut gone celebration cultural references episode discusses lewis conspiracy theories assassination abraham_lincoln 16th president united_states disputes accepted theory actor killed lincoln instead president organized murder assassination theories lincoln recurring theme rest season fascination lincoln assassination based real life obsession early scene suspect tries lying detective suspect treating instead king long time television journalist host cnn williams tabloid style television host williams baltimore native point discussion tells lying suspect false story quality reference american novelist screenwriter wonders romans italians asks friends romans lend ears turned hey line william_shakespeare play says great let arrest rose roses musician told suspect murder blond scene detectives eat steamed crabs deliberately included episode reflect culture baltimore eating crabs extremely popular discussion compares lone wolf character played actor western film high noon trying recall title film said character new_york_city type attitude prompting lewis believe referring baseball film pride yankees starring cooper reception original broadcast ratings gone scheduled premiere january time slot immediately following super bowl having consistently placed nielsen ratings prime time september nbc hoped large football audience coupled extensive advertising campaign allow network large ratings boost network ran numerous television commercials advertising premiere episode focused involvement hope feature film director household gone seen million viewers earned rating represents percentage television equipped homes share represents percentage sets use marked best ratings performance preview premiere following super bowl wonder years largest viewership season large time slot immediately following super bowl nbc considered disappointing performance based advertising press coverage episode received episode received half audience super bowl later said super bowl crowd perfectly suited homicide life street particular episode complex story lines distinctive visual style said imagine drinking lot super bowl party trouble following reviews debut episode received generally positive reviews said word gone wow praised episode dropping viewer middle episode complex characters storylines getting confusing people magazine reviewer called episode extraordinary gave grade complimented realism hand held camera work cast particularly chicago_sun-times complimented cast praised depending car chases action sequences said dry wit ethnic diversity crew heightened sense realism daily variety said episode filmed edited included strong cast performances normal level series work entertainment_weekly writer particularly praised performance actually witness star born moment actor steps screen owns new_york_times television critic connor praised performance said role kind career break found movies gazette praised performance hand held camera style photography adding picture tube blew sunday night listen hour funniest dialogue reviews positive critics considered photography style jump cuts hand held camera movement said feel television columnist felt episode said seen filming techniques praised cutting edge praised performances particular time reviewer said episode strong cast appreciated lack dimensional violence said characters pat conflicts predictable particularly rookie character gone identified best episodes series sun writer wrote gone crafted pilot best history medium introduced cast complicated characters want come visit world gone court marathon homicide episodes voted visitors channel website awards nominations won emmy award outstanding directing drama series direction gone homicide life streets received 45th primetime emmy awards season winning emmy outstanding writing drama series episode men nominated directors guild america award outstanding direction drama series episode lost direction pilot episode police drama nominated gone script competed category script night dead living eventually won award dvd release gone rest second season episodes included dvd box set homicide life street complete seasons released set included audio commentary gone episode collection commercials advertised episode super bowl	Gone for Goode	Media and drama	Television	Homicide: Life on the Street
2219_CodeofVengeance	code vengeance code vengeance umbrella title series american television programs produced aired nbc stars vietnam veteran travelling united_states van dog company gets involved personal lives people meets uses fighting skills help win justice character created planned spin series pilot aired second season episode series character originally government agent lone new pilot aired television movie code vengeance surprise ratings success june subsequent series called ordered nbc midseason production cancelled episodes completed aired summer television movie titled code vengeance fill series called code vengeance origins character originally created writer executive producer proposed series titled hour pilot aired april special double length episode titled mouth snake production featured action oriented government agent widow murdered lawyer fighting crime accepting secret missions played behalf pilot episode work stars voice locate master criminal stolen prototype rocket pilot written directed produced cinematography handled art direction music credited executive producers project noting limited roles michael episode authors state fans consider worst episodes produced year run posted season low nielsen ratings feeling format similar cover created cbs began airing september nbc declined pick series second pilot nbc commissioned second pilot starring code vengeance pilot season new pilot flashback prone vietnam veteran country encountering people trouble helping find justice unique fighting skills physical agility skill martial arts expertise displayed mouth snake toned simpler violent fighting style reviewer associated_press described modern version shane like highway heaven good deeds solve problems travels place place van german shepherd named company second pilot mysterious stranger arrives small town arizona meets young mother played son mother hires complete addition house left brother disappeared hunting brother turns dead suspicious circumstances investigates sets avenge brother murder act justice conflict rival drug gun runners border arizona mexico prominent cast members included chief nod origins character shown watching episode voice clearly armed surround home written duke splitting cinematography duties director served executive producer pilot produced nbc declined pick pilot series shelved film burned summer pilot eventually aired june nbc sunday night movie opposite new hour special episode glory starring series ordered mid season promoted tradition airing weeks blood released theaters code vengeance surprise ratings success code vengeance tied episode popular sitcom family ties second highest rated week numbers nbc ordered hour episodes midseason replacement series october announcement noted new series titled series described lead actor having stars landscape began filming locations united_states plan film episodes location production troubled weather flash flooding delayed filming houston hurricane hit filming new_orleans shut originally slated january debut struggled script production issues delayed debut indefinitely unhappy seen far nbc ordered suspension production december episodes filmed scheduled resume filming los_angeles january holiday break network instead ended production entirely early february ordered edit completed episodes feature length movies movie week presentations called code vengeance code vengeance iii movie week hour presentations titled code vengeance aired nbc sunday night movie sunday combining episodes written code vengeance found travelling houston texas help friend played locate husband commanding officer discovers major bennett aiding new patriots conservative paramilitary group vietnam veterans bent united_states government sets stop plan commit acts domestic terrorism framing arab group atrocities belief allow seize control government feel betrayed vietnam ultimately confronts commander swamp long unexplained flashback sequence combat vietnam stops commander group plans movie produced edited scored cinematographer handled art direction creator longer involved credited executive producer direction combined feature edit episodes filmed location houston texas jacksonville florida credited prominent roles movie included sheriff johnson sheriff mitch_pileggi tip bennett critical reaction iteration saga sharp reviewing movie newsday called action nbc offer called code vengeance complaining film insults predecessor chicago_sun-times reviewer gave code vengeance half star review calling terrible television film poorly written badly acted directed edited called face men women went southeast_asia dirty job came home exploitation concluded viewer best code vengeance reject films code vengeance failed deliver high ratings predecessor stiff competition final installment abc rated book miniseries movie failed crack week nielsen ratings faced critical commercial failure nbc scrapped plans air code vengeance iii fate unseen episodes uncertain replacement series summer nbc ratings thursday night lineup experimenting nights experiment anthology series featuring new stories introduced vintage footage season network cancelled abruptly july airing repeat episodes placed 55th week nielsen ratings 5th rated murder wrote cbs needing inexpensive replacement short notice fill television season started september nbc began airing hour episodes titled code vengeance episode limited run beginning july hour episode code vengeance air moon previously hours way houston meets named played forced deal unique brand justice cattle trying steal prize bull harm prominent roles included special appearance country music star previous presentation episode direction credited little notice promotion advance critical reaction reviewer noted star adventure hero opined thought took care series debut episode placed 51st week ratings points nielsen ratings following week timeslot filled special apollo hosted original hour code vengeance television movie split hour segments repeated parts episodes code vengeance aired august aired august placed 48th week rated second placed 48th week ratings points seen estimated million homes fifth million tuned film debut final airing code vengeance final previously hour episode titled hold aired august arrives new_orleans finds hope produce played wife pressured sell property powerful real estate developer prominent guest roles included final episode placed 43rd week ratings points ratings share rating good tie pre season national_football_league games cbs abc nbc consider reviving character video release double length second season episode mouth snake pilot released dvd april knight rider season set episode previously released vhs march plans announced release code vengeance format dvd blu ray media novel assassin published september credited adaptation mouth snake episode cover book names adapted episode working title episode proposed series featured character episode principal characters making token appearances official english language tie novels assassin released united_kingdom released united_states novel translated german published germany	Code of Vengeance	Media and drama	Television	Other television series, 1980s debuts
4898_RedDwarf	british comedy franchise primarily comprises series ninth mini series television science fiction sitcom aired bbc dave gaining cult following announced series film later air exclusively dave channel series created addition television episodes novels pilot episodes american version radio version produced tie books magazines merchandise despite science fiction backdrop primarily character driven comedy wall science fiction elements plot devices early episodes recurring source comedy odd couple style relationship central characters intense dislike trapped deep space main characters known human alive dead regular characters cat evolved descendants pregnant pet cat holly red dwarf computer service series vii earth alternative reality version long lost love series highest accolades came episode sixth series gunmen apocalypse won international emmy award category year series awarded best bbc comedy series series attracted highest ratings million viewers eighth series series revived year break digital channel dave screened episode production titled red dwarf earth april easter weekend followed series consisting episodes broadcast dave october november critically acclaimed metacritic score radio origins based space cadet series sketches aired series son cliché produced sketches recounted adventures voiced space traveller space far earth steady companion computer voiced grant chose use dave space cadet sketches base television watching film changed elements sketches year figure changed billion years million characters cat created changed football player called known replaced holly voice actors son cliché went portray series episodes found disc dvd sets starting series ending series setting plot main setting series eponymous mining spaceship miles long miles tall miles wide operated episode set late 22nd century board radiation leak kills lowest ranking technician suspended animation time pregnant cat safely sealed cargo hold following accident ship computer holly keeps background radiation dies process takes million years emerges human universe board ship immediate superior resurrected holly time creature known cat member board race evolved ship hold cat million years main dramatic thrust early series desire return home earth crew ownership unlimited time space travel drive series seven later intention journey begins crew encounters phenomena time faster light travel diseases strange developed intervening millions years second series group encounter service rescuing long crashed vessel initially appeared episode series beginning series regular character end series stolen persons unknown forcing crew travel smaller craft series effect lose contact holly series seven departs crew role alter ego parallel universe long standing legend legacy passed dimension dimension shortly crew encounters parallel version universe long term love interest time leak remaining human complicated series events leaves stranded series main universe forced join crew end series seven learn service abandoned years earlier theft end series beginning eighth series reconstruct broken constituent process entire crew ship including pre accident resurrected crew find sentenced years ship brig crashing bringing onboard later information confidential files series ends metal eating virus loose red dwarf entire resurrected crew save original cliffhanger ending left stranded face death promptly knees groin flees years later beings ship holly mourning lost time previously chance earth dimension warp presents appears gives new hope learns alive tenth series sees travelling hopes eventually locating returning earth comes characters actors played self described lowest ranking crew members ship accident long standing desire return earth start farm fiji feet water following volcanic eruption left far away accident renders known surviving member human race deeply enjoys indian food especially chicken recurring theme series bronze swimming certificate silver swimming certificate played second lowest ranking member crew alive bureaucratic failing replace drive plate properly responsible red dwarf accident kills entire crew including holly chose ship available considered person likely series iii episode onwards timeline crew adjusted death newly attributed moment hits cardboard box filled explosives series vii leaves dimension shared new ship crew resurrected start series viii comes face face death end series kicks groin earth specials onwards cat played creature evolved offspring smuggled pet cat cat concerned little sleeping eating appearance tends members crew influenced human companions time begins resemble stylish self centred human later revealed unlike human companions cool sounding pulse colour coordinated internal organs played series iii onwards appearance series rescued crew crashed spaceship nova series continued serve ship crew despite having dead thousands millions years service encountered crew bound gradually encouraged break programming think change appearance actors explained away accident involving having repair holly ship computer played series vii viii series iii holly functional severely depleted million years lack repairs holly left radiation accident kills rest crew computer developed computer radiation accident rendering change appearance series iii explained holly having changed face resemble computer parallel universe fallen love originally portrayed took role series vii initially navigation officer crush later altered girlfriend memory episode crew happens alternative dimension survived red dwarf accident joins crew link dimension collapses episode earth specials believes dead later revealed sole witness death lied instead fled ship blue clear complete lack self respect slowly killing greatly depressed advised fans television series find series character ultimately appear 10th series production series aired series far produced film development continually series viii concept commission concept originally developed sketch series space cadet son cliché mid-1980s written influences came films television programmes silent running alien galaxy large element british style comedy satire thrown mix ultimately form sitcom visual character elements bear similarities nuclear submarine bbc documentary defence realm having written pilot script image writers unusual original script rejected bbc believed science fiction sitcom popular finally accepted result spare budget assigned second series happy families arise producer insistence filmed instead lucky strike rehearsals early shut entire production title sequence filmed january filming rescheduled september pilot episode finally television screens february casting auditioned roles series cast difficulties concept series role particular role recast filled professional voice actor previously worked writers image producers productions punk poet given role approached production team opinion cat character concerned considered people racist cat pretty cool reading script decided wanted audition stand comedian originally tried role kept holly computer titular ship professional dancer singer arriving half hour late appointment stood cat immediately partly cool exterior dedicated research reading book showing character wearing father 1950s style suit writing producing directing grant wrote series pseudonym novels later production company episodes grant left pursue projects leaving write series vii viii group new writers including actor portrayed character produced directed series left series scheduling clash ended directing starring wife juliet took director parted ways halfway series personal professional reasons took direction series addition writing producing series directed returned direct series vii viii series iii subsequent series produced writers company grant productions bbc north series broadcast bbc beginning series production moved bbc north manchester theme song music theme tune incidental music written performed distinctive vocals closing theme tune series relatively instrumental version closing theme opening titles series iii onwards switched upbeat version wrote music songs including tongue tied lyrics written grant credited cat orchestrated released tongue tied october reached number charts sang song heard series vii episode blue remastered tenth anniversary airing broadcast series vii viii series remastered released vhs included replacing model shots computer graphics cutting certain dialogue scenes filming holly footage creating consistent set opening titles replacing music creating ambient sound effects digital master remastered series released disc dvd collection hiatus years series vii partly grant partnership cast crew working projects series eventually returned longer shot live audience allowing greater use walled sets location shooting single camera techniques returned eighth series years later dropped use process returned live audience received setback bbc rejected proposals series confirmed bbc decided renew series preferred work projects short animated christmas special available mobile phone subscribers ultimately fans wait decade series returned television revival red dwarf earth episode production commissioned digital channel dave red dwarf earth broadcast easter weekend making documentary episode set years events good cliffhanger ending episode left unresolved situation continue series storyline involves characters arriving earth circa find characters called red dwarf supposedly dead holly water damage caused leaving tap running actress played character called resurrected science officer intent replacing achieve cinematic atmosphere earth filmed studio audience previous episodes shot way seventh series earth represented time laughter track added broadcast episode filmed high definition specials televised nights starting friday april broadcasts received record ratings channel dave episodes represented highest viewing figures commissioned programme digital network earth released dvd june blu ray august earth subsequently described series official website purposes ninth series red dwarf placement series confirmed series commissioned branded tenth series red dwarf april dave announced commissioned episode red dwarf series broadcast dave autumn filming dates new series red dwarf announced november confirmation series shot audience principal filming began december ended january cast crew subsequently returned days filming pick ups guest stars core cast charles returned series absent scripts include references holly july second trailer series released facebook followed new teaser friday new series debuted thursday october series aired produced high ratings dave cast shown strong interest series starting scripts dependent commissioning series dimension jump fan convention stated discussions happening involved parties arrangements finalized hoped shooting begin february october played reports new series commissioned january stated eleventh series currently written red dwarf october posted blog stating eleventh series happen removed post blog issued statement twitter saying getting claiming red dwarf commissioned true april sci festival cast panel stated filming eleventh series commence october expected release autumn dave dimension jump convention announced eleventh twelfth series commissioned series shot end broadcast dave respectively new series produced company ceo executive producing new episodes christmas message official website confirmed episodes red dwarf filmed remaining red dwarf filmed january march message said broadcast date set corresponding facebook post stated shown june brief synopsis upcoming season confirmed series air september themes founded standard sitcom focus disparate frequently dysfunctional group individuals living restricted setting main characters routinely displaying incompetence exchanging insulting sarcastic dialogue series provided humorous fearless morally upright space explorers typically found science fiction series main characters acting possible alternative increasing science fiction elements series treated seriously creators satire parody drama alternately woven episodes referencing television series films books included references likes space odyssey gun star wars wild high noon rebel cause writers based theme episodes plots feature films series iii episode references parodies key moments alien series echoes key scenes main plot series earth partially inspired series themes limited films television having incorporated historical events figures religion plays series significant factor ultimate fate cat race perception god episode waiting god title makes literary reference play waiting crew meeting man believe jesus christ series episode series vii episode titled derives theme ancient mythological snake series explores science fiction staples time travel including grandfather question free episodes pursuit happiness virtual reality premise human near certainty human species extinction time far future aliens feature series grant decided early process want aliens involved usually addressed belief extraterrestrial life shot vessel believes alien ship turning garbage pod non human life forms earth species cat race robotic life forms created humans kind genetically engineered life form artificially created creature frequently serve antagonists later series series developed distinct vocabulary words phrases sic space zero football appear series highlighting development language political climate technology evolution culture future creators employed vocabulary fictional order avoid potentially offensive words futuristic language particular variants head features prominently alongside terms ratings red dwarf viii red dwarf earth red dwarf reception achievements critical reactions changes series cast setting creative teams production values series series meant opinions differ greatly fans critics alike quality certain series great red dwarf debate published volume issue science fiction writers argued early series later series stated unique balance sci comedy worked agreed series original funny went wasn series iii hit stride series regarded continuation philosophy series considered visually impressive discussions revolve quality series seen viewers good earlier series criticised descent formulaic comedy change setting changes seen series vii seen disappointment higher budget appearance shift away outright sitcom approaching comedy drama seen wrong direction furthermore attempt shift traditional sitcom format series viii greeted response similarly lukewarm criticism aimed decision entire crew felt series central premise human alive critics feel series vii viii weaker earlier series topic subject constant debate fanbase achievements pilot episode gathered million viewers viewing figures successive episodes series generally poor ratings series ratings steadily increased peaked million viewers achieved episode gunmen apocalypse series returned gained highest audience figures million viewers tuned series viii opening episode red series history series won numerous awards including special effects award best dramatic presentation international emmy award series episode gunmen apocalypse tied episode hospital category nominated international emmy award series won british comedy award best bbc comedy series video sales won series holds record bbc longest running highest rated sitcom series voted readers radio_times magazine editor stated result surprised series given new episodes century spin offs merchandise logo characters appeared wide range merchandise spun variety different media formats instance song tongue tied featured parallel universe episode released single hit cat stage plays produced theatre group perth western australia given permission mount stage versions certain episodes october interactive dvd entitled red dwarf beat geek released hosted reprising roles holly novels working grant creators series wrote novels published november incorporates plot lines episodes series second novel followed october largely based second series episode novels provide expanded backstory development series principal characters themes authors began work sequel called human drawn away interest projects owing novels decided write alternative sequel completely different sequels result presenting possible version story continuation human adds crew places emphasis science fiction plot elements novel backwards keeping previous novels extensively established television stories edition novels released including edits original text extra material original pilot script series novels released format read human read backwards read author december released germany title german novels home video releases initial release vhs editions episodes separated volumes released series series vii released separate tapes labelled plus series vii videos named episode presented tape typical bbc video releases time occasions bbc decided ignore original running order use popular episodes series sales videos series iii release swapped round receive billing second vhs volume second vhs volume series confidence paranoia given billing original broadcast order retained leading episode waiting god shared title comedy series set retirement home series reality given billing respective video release completely organised order episodes originally broadcast future releases increasingly observe authenticity original broadcast context series available vhs episodes series vii released special sic versions extra scenes including original ending episode ride laugh track remastered versions series iii released individually complete box set finally videos released sequel series released dvd region bonus disc extra material release series iii onwards accompanied original documentary making respective series regions seen release shows containing episodes series volume viii volume static extras collection containing remastered episodes new documentaries series released release showcased storyboard construction unfinished script finally completed working time december anniversary dvd set entitled red dwarf shows released reworking disc content shows sets packaging resembling photo album carefully omitted information extras included box set released smaller slip case sized box shows title november series available download itunes dvd releases blu ray releases magazine magazine title changed issue launched comprised mix news reviews interviews comic strips competitions comic strips featured episode adaptations original material including stories popular characters like notably comic strip stories characters drawn request wanted use technique television series process deemed expensive produce despite achieving circulation figures month magazine publisher decided close title concentrate publications farewell issue published cover dated january featured remaining interviews features comic strips feature following issues magazine started called red dwarf available features cast interviews latest news person gets issues year version despite original version having broadcast pbs pilot episode american version known produced universal_studios intention broadcasting nbc essentially followed story episode original series american actors main roles cat exceptions reprised role british actress played holly written directed grant onboard creators executive producers grant travelled america filming american pilot production fifth series series according cast satisfied script grant rewrote script cast preferred write script filmed closer version pilot episode includes footage series title sequence retain logo theme music series filming pilot audience reaction good felt story received studio executives entirely happy pilot especially casting decided project chance charge intention shoot promo video small studio described writers garage new cast members hired roles cat respectively meant unlike original british series cast asked play second pilot declined small budget deadline new scenes quickly shot mixed existing footage pilot series episodes idea basic plot character dynamics alongside proposed future episodes remakes episodes original participate shoot clips british version character despite shoots casting option pilot picked cast immediately star trek deep space cast similarly year later cast moon cast british american versions criticised casting particularly portrayed british version likable version somewhat clean cut documentary said actor successfully portrayed interview chat said casting huge mistake said type better suited role american pilot heavily broadcast country excerpts pilot included making pilots included dvd release fifth series rights clearance issues footage second pilot included red dwarf movie end eighth series attempting feature length version final draft script written began circulating certain websites genuine distributed market film overseas plot details included teaser set distant future race taken solar system human race tried escape earth hunted remained scouted australia idea locations finance costs pre production beginning filming planned finding sufficient funding difficult explained convention film rejected bbc reasons given script considered funny ready contents early drafts film eventually series finale beginning game press released red dwarf game february printed copyright based series game allows players portray original characters red dwarf universe player characters human survivors evolved house pets cats dogs rabbits rats mice types series series pleasure total products released game core page analogous game master screen games featuring extra bits book booklet series series contains plot episode series viii game rules major minor characters series game praised staying true comedic nature series entertaining writing detail background material explained reviewers found game mechanics simplistic compared science fiction games market red dwarf night february night tenth anniversary pilot episode broadcast bbc devoted evening programmes series banner red dwarf night evening consisted mixture new existing material introduced linked actor fan addition series special offs bbc featuring logo falling love night began won spoof programme cook won cook presented host appeared series episode taking place outside continuity series teams versus cat cat quickly departs replaced alter ego challenged best chicken compilation featuring takes programme spoof hosted original presenter team dwarf fans compete team consisting followed half hour documentary chose different aspect focus letter alphabet talking heads episode included original producer finally night ended showing episode gunmen apocalypse	Red Dwarf	Media and drama	Television	Other television series, 1980s debuts
11367_StarCops	british science fiction television series broadcast devised writer previously worked science fiction television series doctor blake crime dramas set year time travel commonplace starred commander nicknamed star provide law enforcement newly developing colonies solar system series follows rest multinational team work establish solve crimes come way operating relatively accurately realised hard near future space environment cases investigate arise opportunities new crimes presented advanced future society series depicts hostile frontier nature environment live total episodes tenth episode titled death moon planned industrial relations difficulties production led abandoned shortly recording commence combination factors including conflict producer poor scheduling meant series found satisfactory audience series cancelled season recent years undergone critical generally hailed pretty good attempt moderately realistic high frontier series concept setting penny need good copper set year years future time broadcast time space travel common mankind process exploiting solar system permanently manned space stations earth bases moon mars approximately people living working space near future setting influenced potential greater access space promised burgeoning space shuttle programme space government strategic defense initiative programme known star wars underway early 1980s accordingly space travel life space portrayed realistic manner depictions low gravity environments lengthy space journeys months years cases travel hazards failures radiation exposure explosive air realism led frequently compared bbc drama series similarly pioneering spirit evoked process solar system seen series led comparisons western genre commentators law order provided time volunteers nicknamed decision permanent time new commander appointed accomplish series episodes deal spring efforts establish sets base operations recruits new staff roots dismisses corrupt officers works extend reach american space stations end series far reaches mars colonies investigating crimes occur way crimes investigate science fiction twist arising unconventional police environment series set murder victims dead ransom demand kidnapped embryos hoax discovery alien etc scenarios major themes series emerges conflict human emotion morality hand machine logic rogue science major theme series sins father spring assignment detective arrest father industrial espionage villain intelligent listening motivated inability match father reputation deputy watched father die radiation poisoning double life seeking revenge father murder star cop anna multinational company employs paternal relationship discovers behaviour principal characters year old chief superintendent british police force reluctantly accepts promotion commander brief turning time professional police force spring career policeman prevailing methods feels dependent computer logic human instinct job young detective arrest father computer salesman industrial espionage spring man driven lonely man doesn friends easily ability easy account choice career work environment constant companion box prototype handheld computer voiced bequeathed father conversations box spring provide insight spring emotional state thought processes spring engages style device spring second command chief superintendent american engineer started space program quit joined european space effort instead introduced opening episode instinct murder working traffic controller time star cop european space station movie buff generally tries maintain air wise cracking cool detachment breaks forced case opened million years face fear spring girlfriend killed conversations dead task investigating murder handed chief inspector department time pursuit killer agent costs job spring hiring rank inspector investigator heart right place fiercely loyal spring overweight times married series main comedy element frequently gets best lines australian briefly instinct murder introduced properly intelligent listening fired spring corruption determined quietly spring forced attempted shuttle stormy relationship spring course series develop close bond end series apparent spring saved falling pit corruption restored faith humanity rounding team year old general physician japan spring takes fired employers multinational corporation episode warm blood character criticised racial stereotype charge aspects series depicting italians members mafia arabs americans finally introduced trivial games paranoid pursuits commander headquarters winner nobel prize medicine research bone damage contributed enabling humanity access space easily independent spring relationship frequently wishes production history origins began television writing career comedy working programmes large moving write drama series including stranger television science fiction having written doctor having acted script editor entire season run blake writing episodes originally pitched bbc radio series epic serial production year felt science fiction adequately served schedules tried sell television instead sent draft script story head drama bbc television responded asking write second script strength series commissioned insisted story intended run episodes reworked single episode difficulties eventually realised screen time working script editor crime series told work chose leave production assigned produce previously worked bbc landscape hold page clashed respective visions series outset meeting told scripts rewritten later remarked relationship started worked way intended write scripts series tight episodes recorded meant contribute rest written scripts scripts having previously qualified worked doctor journalist wrote observer newspaper later moved films notably writing screenplay master commander martin experienced best known controversial bbc drama series previous experience television science fiction having written doctor directors assigned worked hold page bbc dramas creatures great small directed doctor stories time british television drama shot combination film usually location shooting film studio work recorded video effect change medium film video vice versa scene change programme viewers structured scripts carefully earth based scenes shot film location space scenes recorded video studio hoping effect space scenes unique look disappointed discover decided record entire series cast experienced character actor reputation tough guy roles best known time role television serial naming youngest son originally written spring younger character high early risen rapidly ranks police despite pleased performance describing class act performance cast suggestion worked doctor theatre rest cast exception semi regular role relatively unknown given series set relatively near future took great pains ensure space scenes depicted accurately possible seeking advice nasa space agencies arranging set visit astronaut man set foot moon input proved useful making scenes set convincing budget allow assistance received manufacturer provided stock footage training water tank received screen credit episode instinct murder recording series began august block episodes instinct murder conversations dead intelligent listening directed followed block directed comprising trivial games paranoid pursuits case opened million years warm blood returned director chair double life people secrets directors differing visions overall look feel series initial block directed baker favouring brightly lit approach contrasted look preferred drastically reduced light levels leaving scenes illuminated computer monitor screens designer dressed sets fashion baker returned second block episodes sought return brighter cleaner look led continuity problems professional relationship continued stormy deciding introduce new star cop consulting cast crew aware scenes conflicts later recalled uncertainty direction series frequently critical way series realised stated retrospect wishes volunteered produce series response criticisms said respect writer professional know series didn way thought know unfortunate dealing know losing baby final block directed comprise final episodes death moon written information received written industrial action bbc affected bbc programmes leaving programmes strike ended forced despite fact episode cast costumes sets constructed decision taken drop death moon bring information received titled little green men forward day recording block episode began february days recording episode finished recording complicated fell ill lines split rest cast minute dialogue going production finally wrapped february theme song series titled won easy written performed lead vocalist theme produced record producer composed incidental music episode hoped theme act gentle method casual viewers series reaction music song particular generally negative sfx magazine particular highly critical theme tune issue placed ninth list article titled worst things placed sixth list article titled worst things writer critic described theme worst single theme tune said hated music incidental music wasn appropriate didn style feeling transmission viewer reaction broadcast monday nights starting july competition provided bbc sitcom terry june fifth episode case opened million years broadcast later time bbc listings magazine radio_times promoted series giving cover july edition accompanied page article inside performed poorly ratings average audience series million viewers blamed poor ratings timeslot given stating gone bbc half past past period doesn doesn work relation badly want order watch sacrifice hours viewing people didn want problem commented poor timeslot decision air series july august time viewing figures traditionally lower summer reflected fact didn confidence bbc management view echoed star described timeslot act sabotage critical reaction generally negative writing times following broadcast conversations dead wrote star star trek imagination overcome technological limitations times reviewing intelligent listening found individual plot lines invention sort script uniformly sunday_times confused plot case opened million years asking readers following write explain letter writers radio_times split merits suffolk praising having brilliant special effects written scripts actors convincing like northumberland slated dated designs poor music cheap sets described boring talk action science fiction time positive describing series refreshing series years gave media award stated low key realism efficient argued end failed imagine future real depth low ratings doomed single season admired developed significant following science fiction stated retrospect feels series crime drama fans science fiction fans ultimately appealed proposals second season recording completed asked ideas season felt series continue like extend setting solar system visiting mars colonies big ring space colonies construction intended achieve transferring existing regular characters mars colony introducing new regular based second season developed basic notions clear early stage little prospect series renewed following went work script editor long running itv police drama bill returning freelance writing moved work bbc drama series house legacy demise episodes seen indicative decline british television science fiction 1980s doctor followed cancellation british regular science fiction drama series british television bugs began undergone science fiction circles went air reviewing vhs releases zone stated represents excellent science fiction original impression series broadcast complete visual effects boring performances retrospective article penned mark series 10th anniversary described series bbc popular influential entertaining products era points series failed certainly came entertainment succeeded science fiction magazine sfx asked expert panel field including list shows time came thirteenth list sfx describing writers love wasn perfect close producing proper written later sfx went poll readers list british shows voted seventh position list bbc revisited thirty minute retrospective documentary recorded series titled cult broadcast bbc november channel season reflecting programme author critic said strength writing don think episodes realised screen page come couple seasons bbc best science fiction documentary concluded overlooked gem episode guide comprised episodes broadcast monday nights july august tenth episode death moon planned abandoned following industrial action bbc merchandising small merchandising produced coincide broadcast series released theme song won easy inch inch single inch included track outer space incidental music tracks written instinct murder inch extended version won easy inch version won easy outer space won easy later released compact disc compilation best themes entire series released volumes containing episodes vhs video tape vhs tapes received patches scripts semi professionally published volumes volume instinct murder adapted episode second volume stories included remaining scripts changes broadcast episodes characters appear books replaced chinese character attempt update universe reflect ending cold war replaced irish character didn rights use character created complete series released dvd single disc volume release contained number extras including commentaries instinct murder little green men case opened million years making documentary interviews scenes footage	Star Cops	Media and drama	Television	Other television series, 1980s debuts
11805_BlackadderGoesForth	goes forth goes forth fourth final series bbc sitcom written aired september november bbc series placed recurring characters george trench flanders world war followed doomed attempts escape trenches avoid certain death command general series particularly noted criticism british_army leadership campaign refers number famous figures age addition series remembered poignant ending final episode despite initial concerns comedy series events series won widespread acclaim release won regarded classic television sitcom placed 16th industry professionals list compiled historians criticized presenting view war reinforcing popular notion lions led scenario goes forth set western trenches world war captain professional soldier british_army outbreak great war enjoyed relatively action free existence fighting natives usually feet tall armed dried grass finding trapped trenches big push planned concern avoid sent certain death series chronicles attempts escape trenches schemes fail bad fortune general incompetence comrades aforementioned comrades second command upper class lieutenant george profoundly stupid batman private germans remain generally unseen exception private plane means escape trenches come form superior eccentric general rallies troops french miles bureaucratic assistant captain despite equal rank treats contempt line folding general animosity mutual largely result exploiting comic potential surname opportunity themes goes forth satirical tone previous series taking opportunity present anti war message dialogue marked satirical nature war origins effects soldiers suffered course fact soldiers suffered whilst commanders remained safely distant action referenced occasions says don worry boy remember captain responds yes miles episode corporal punishment shooting food carrier turns pet saying men killed week going miss episode sees sentenced death firing squad act reflecting harsh dealt laws war dictatorship higher ranking officers lower ranking private plane receiving word killed shot german lines tries cheer george showing life size model measuring seventeen square feet land recaptured british commentary high human cost small physical gains achieved attacks middle years war later episode describes great war war damn sight simpler stayed england shot thousand men week field marshal sir orders alleged resulted hundreds thousands british deaths continually referenced describes attempts advance effort drinks cabinet inches closer berlin scene parodies professional abilities depicting playing toy soldiers sweeps trench trench rubbish listening plea big push telephone series recalls number famous historical events war christmas truce recalls event sides advanced christmas half years war references popular culture era previous series episode private plane sees return characters lord bob second series episode bells appearance famous flying ace baron plot thread episode major star involves dislike silent film star finds funny getting arrow neck finding gas bill tied fifth episode anti german sentiment britain war repeatedly referenced general orders find leak secret battle plans immediately erroneously german spy later discovered inadvertently takes chance captain denies spy says british queen_victoria replies father german half german married german references fact victoria member husband prince victoria grandson king george changed royal house windsor effort british nationalist feelings final episode series true series usual comedy style preceding scenes known featuring highly dramatic poignant final scene main characters general finally sent sound slow minimal piano version title theme seen slow motion charging fog smoke man land gunfire explosions scene fades footage sunny poppy field sound fate left ambiguous final line charge unusually reflective sentimental tone offered claims plan save impending doom episodes series aired episodes broadcast bbc september november ending days remembrance day titles episodes captain cook corporal punishment major star private plane general hospital based pairing military rank word related episode content final episode title period song production writing rehearsals writers wrote scripts episodes separately word swapped containing scripts add remove jokes dialogue curtis recalls stuck policy removed line funny rehearsals script discussed cast having final content comic writers performers having worked previous series afraid question script suggestions example captain originally called captain renamed recalled boy school surname found constant embarrassment curtis recalls initially reluctant change considered joke speaking times ending curtis hinted collaborative writing process caused tensions cast everybody thinks good jokes despite fact think good ones start usually end funnier time control years curtis recalled documentary rides literally sit entire time discussing script stood tried act script find things stated opening allowed cast question aspect script rides likewise recalls script meetings uncomfortable reserved speaking script rehearsals interview daily_telegraph suggests relations actors generally bad feeling writers performers writers felt altering script altering worse end day rehearsals writers away time came changed awful lot end felt run away lot emotions flashing producer speaking times hinted draining scripting rehearsal process led writers deciding series things tense end series involved thing clever funny want push scripts exhausting process end swear start think rare good people room talk series casting reprised roles respectively returned play fourth series enlarged principal cast series include general captain appeared guest roles appeared regularly cast appeared episode fourth series episode feature guest appearances captain cook played elizabeth second series appeared guest role episode series guest performances actors reprised characters played earlier series performers played minor roles prior series appeared briefly fourth series taping series television programmes britain transmitted stereo sound digital system viewers afford able receive location standard audio carrier signal series directed interior scenes shot live studio audience recalls studio shooting present problems sitcom tradition strange performing camera audience time thing held words phrases catch particular remember episode going lot line like problem floor manager suggested instead said buildup final episode began psychologically experience character speaking recalled remember weeks leading day recording final episode went time acting career knowing rest episode usual standard funny sitcom self deep twist stomach week thinking character doomed peculiar sure character actors feel time obviously trying feel character dilemma going experience fictional feelings real felt swept title sequence series little external shooting achieve flying sequences episode private plane footage film aces high edited dubbed actors voices challenging scene shoot final sequence recorded separate studio set away audience rigged special effects simulate battlefield viewing original studio rushes 20th anniversary documentary recalls originally final scene embarrassing actors run reached barbed wire camera pretend die effect described somewhat post production final effect achieved running video audio slow motion fading video set appear characters disappeared image barren landscape faded image poppy field found bbc picture library titles music theme melody variation theme opening title images george men past plays triangle title music starts opening bars british familiar theme closing credits theme plays visuals armed men marching parade ground sequences filmed recorded location production members represent men reproduction world war uniforms battalion band providing music titles presented static instead rolled previous series crew credits presented pseudo military fashion example designer credited hull opening sequence filmed colour closing sequence treated post production appear toned imitation era closing titles simply fading protagonists charging man land fire field sunlight reference poem flanders fields flower symbolic significance music changed slow solo piano arrangement finishing strong bass drum notes sound effects gunshot later 25th anniversary special interview stated production team intended ending idea scene fading poppy field conceived cast stated reluctance second reception subject book great war small screen noted contemporary reviewers felt topic world war inappropriate comedy series newspaper critic uncertain writers motives series justified tragic situations comedy merely entertainment value uncle historian unhappy considered insulting portrayal army worth noting later took view satire drawn great respect certainly issue series subject matter concern producers recalled interview poignant ending final episode written counter possibility criticism subject inappropriate comedy noted public accepted series speaking filming remarked despite 20th century setting trenches particularly series wanted place time reproduce certain extent medieval england best way set middle war writer said writing series writers read number books war decided world war particularly subject situation comedy finding actually lead world war funny people coming communities people optimistic pages book world war hilarious course everybody dies assessing series suggests characterisation sense danger prevented sitcom subject matter prospect characters suddenly dying violent death provided constant source tension gags killed end final episode result unexpectedly moving programme later repeated wholly armistice day programme batting awards series won addition performance captain won best light entertainment performance series placed 16th industry professionals list compiled championed series came second bbc poll find britain best sitcom votes legacy academics noted television series view war public perception world war calling common british view war history military historian commented book western fact turned line script carry weight scholarly world trends television programmes war remarked goes forth popular comedy series subject particular criticism historians remarking series consciously traded piece history western influential draw surprising degree angry criticism professional historians result noted essay television drama world war goes forth teaching aid schools secondary text analysed discussed reliability parody conditions world war media releases available variety distributed dvd vhs video releases individual series series addition audio version created soundtrack available cassette seasons christmas special available download itunes complete scripts television series released damn dynasty later reissued vhs releases dvd releases	Blackadder Goes Forth	Media and drama	Television	Other television series, 1980s debuts

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.