question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How did " 's " come to mean possession when used at the end of a noun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In Old English, a suffix of 'es' was the most common way of forming the genitive case of masculine and neuter nouns. As Old English transformed into Middle English and then Modern English, the language simplified, and most of the case endings were dropped and replaced with phrases using prepositions (eg to, by, on etc)... | Other |
Why are there no more big bangs happening? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The big bang refers to the point when the universe started to rapidly expand in all directions. We are currently inside this continuous expansion. If there was another big bang somewhere it would have to be outside of the universe. If there ever was another big bang we would never be able to see it. | Physics |
why does the earth still have such a big molten core after so long? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The inner core is solid because of extreme pressures. The outer core is molten because of the extremely high temperatures. It's not a star although radioactive elements have kept the interior hot. Initially it was hot because of the energy coming from rocks coalescing together. You have those two sources of heat (radio... | Physics |
Why use a savings account when you have a checking account? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Back in the 90s and earlier, interest rates were WAY higher. We're talking 10% on your savings accounts. Having even $1000 in your account means you made $100+ in interest per year for doing nothing. Nowadays, interests rates are insanely low, often in the 0.5-1.5%. It's not really worth it to keep money you might need... | Economics |
What is TISA agreement, why is it so confidential? Is it good or bad? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) is a treaty in negotiations between the US and the EU. Drafts are confidential because they are not yet agreed to and subject to change as negotiations unfold. In general, trade agreements are good because they reduce uncertainty. Without them, some trading partners can respond to... | Economics |
How do calculators calculate trigonometric functions for every reel number? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What many have said is incorrect. Calculators do NOT use Taylor series, it would take a lot more time and computational power to use Taylor series for these computations. Taylor series are super important and have their uses, but calculator trig functions are not one of those things. Calculators use the [CORDIC Algorit... | Mathematics |
Why is it essential that we close our eyes to fall asleep? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I am not an expert, but I believe there are at least two reasons. The first is simply to block out distractions. The second is to rest and protect your eyeballs. Judging by how crusty your eyes can be in the morning, can you imagine what they'd feel like after 7 or 8 hours without blinking? | Biology |
what is happening when doing nothing out of the ordinary and a ringing just starts in one ear and eventually fades? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This specifically is called "sudden-onset ringing tinnitus" and is caused by a temporary misadjustment in the way our inner ear amplifies quiet sounds. A high frequency is briefly set to over-amplify, but it takes a little while for the setting to be turned back down. This "turn it down" response accounts for the "cott... | Biology |
Why and how does the brain memorize much more easily topics it finds interesting? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One of the explanation is schemas- your brain works by association, I say fire truck you think fireman, ladder, red etc. So if you study an interesting for you topic you will have more already existing associations, thus you have more room to add new information to and find it easier to access since it's in bits that h... | Psychology |
Why the faster the wind the colder it feels if the faster the molecules/atom, the hottest it gets? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Each and every living being emits some of it's heat into the air. We take advantage of this in winter by wearing thick filled with air jackets in which the air gets warmed by our heat. That's how a winterjacket keeps you warm, it keeps YOUR heat around YOUR body. Because what happens without a jacket, is that the warm ... | Physics |
How do all oceans have different "sea levels", and haven't all equalized yet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sea level can be almost 100 metres more or less than the average value, depending on where you are in the world. [This "geoid" map]( URL_0 ) shows the variations. They happen because the earth has denser rocks in some places that create stronger gravity and so have a lower sea level. These geoid levels are relative to ... | Physics |
Why are do many US employers withhold salary information on open job listings? Wouldn't it cause more of a hassle/expense for the company to spend time interviewing people who might not be interested once they learn the pay rate? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The pay is often negotiable depending on your experience level. If I have an open Engineering position on the staff, I may prefer an experienced hire and offer that candidate $80,000. However, if necessary I may bring in a recent graduate instead and train them, but the salary drops to $50,000 because they're much less... | Other |
Why do water droplets seem to stay on plastic tupperware more than other materials after you wash them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | My assumption here is that you are referring to a dishwasher appliance. The dishwasher uses a heat dry cycle, but the plastic that the tuperware is made out of does not retain that heat as long (less mass) as ceramic dishes or metal pots and pans so the water that is on it does not evaporate as quickly. There may also ... | Chemistry |
how does the shape of an airplane's wings generate lift? And how does the retractable wing flaps affect that? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The shape of the wing when viewed from the side is called an aerofoil. As the aerofoil moves, the wind / air splits into 2 streams. The air passing above the aerofoil generates higher velocity (speed in simpler terms). Whereas the air velocity below the wing is low. Without going into the intricate details of fluid dyn... | Physics |
Why do space rockets start with boosters from ground and do not fly up like planes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Rockets don't fly straight up. They turn to orient themselves horizontally rather quickly after launch. Getting into space really isn't about getting high up. It's about going super fast horizontally so you keep missing the ground as you fall. You want to do this high enough above the ground so atmospheric drag can't s... | Physics |
Does anyone have a good analogy to help explain why people in space age slower than people on earth? It's a hard concept to grasp for me and would appreciate some help! | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not being in space but rather traveling at high velocity. There are good ELI5 posts on why this happens such as [this one]( URL_1 ) It's near impossible for people to reach such high speeds on Earth because the air itself resists movement, but by leaving the atmosphere, astronauts can reach orbital velocity [which... | Physics |
What exactly is Pavlovian Conditioning? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You get a message. It says you are an amazing person. The next day, you get another message. It says you are an amazing person. The third day, you SEE you have a message but don't read it yet. You feel like you're an amazing person. You've now connected positive feelings with the specific action of receiving a message.... | Psychology |
Why dilute bleach instead of just using it straight from the bottle to disinfect? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Diluting in water actually can help it disinfect because it gives enough room for the chemicals to move around and perform their reactions. However the main reason is that you probably want to disinfect surfaces without destroying them, dissolving your own flesh, etc. A little bit of bleach along with water in a spray ... | Chemistry |
Why dentists only recommend soft toothbrushes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Soft bristles are healthier for the gums. Brushing with hard bristles, or even brushing too hard with soft bristles can actually cause the gums to recede, which can lead to bone loss, which can lead to tooth loss. So yeah, soft bristles are a good thing. I'm not sure why they even sell anything else. | Biology |
How do oil powered engines actually work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well fuel cells work with water, but that is a different discussion. Basically oil explodes when you light it on fire. You light it on fire by giving it a spark or compressing it really fast. When it explodes it gives of heat. If you have taken a chemistry course you may remember the ideal gas law: Pressure x Volume = ... | Technology |
Why does minus minus = plus? e.g 14 - (- 5)= 19 | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To subtract a negative amount means to add a positive amount. Think about the number line. If you try to go down by a negative amount, you are going up. If you go down by zero, nothing happens. If you go down by 5, you go down. But if you go down by -5, you're moving up 5. | Mathematics |
Why doesn’t water fry things the way oil does at high temperature? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Frying involves displacing moisture and adding heat rapidly, which allows the outside of foods to get that crispy layer, called carbonizing. That's not from the oil, that's from the lack of moisture and the heat. Air fryers work on the same idea Boiling in water adds moisture and heat, so the outer layer doesn't carbon... | Chemistry |
Why does the wind coming into the open window a moving car feel cooler than the outside air? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Air is pretty rubbish at moving heat. What happens in still air is your body heats the air all around you. The air will slowly move that heat away from you, into the surrounding air, but it can't do it quickly. The result is you gain a little skin-tight bubble of warm air around you, air that's heated up to your body t... | Physics |
Why are people so concerned about tax brackets for the rich when they can do write off and deductions so it doesn't make a huge difference anyway? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | "People" aren't concerned. A couple thousand exceptionally rich families are, who then tell their representatives to be concerned about it. These families, being rich and powerful, hold a lot of sway with their representatives in government, and can literally make and break people and things, with a flip of their finge... | Economics |
- Why do health nuts say drinking apple cider vinager (acid) will make your body alkaline? Am I missing something here? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Apple cider vinegar itself may become alkaline in the body once it's been digested and the acetic acid decomposed. ACV taken regularly may cause the body to adjust the ratios at which digestive enzymes are secreted. The body is constantly adjusting to what it's fed, but the change is in pretty small percentages, so it'... | Biology |
Why does a sudden shift from warm to cold lead to a runny nose? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When warm, moist air hits something cold, you get water droplets appear on the cold surface. (Think about the windows steaming up in your kitchen when you cook) The same thing is happening inside of you. You have warm, moist air inside of you, and when your nose gets cold then water droplets are formed that makes your ... | Biology |
KA, pKA and pH. How do they all relate to each other and what does each mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The p in pH and pKA means something like 'do the calculation -log(x). In pH, this means the -log of the concentration of H+ ions, for pKA the -log of KA. That explains the relation between KA and pKA. But what are they? They are a measure of how easy the corresponding acid can rid itself of it's H+ ions. The bigger the... | Chemistry |
Will a house actually burn down if an oven is left on? If so, how? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | An oven is a source of heat. If it's dirty, you leave something in it that overcooks or you put something flammable on top (normally, they have vents coming out one of the burners), there is a chance of something catching on fire. Small fires, left unattended, tend to grow into big fires. Big fires can burn down a hous... | Technology |
Do you have a higher chance of winning the lottery if you place your bets based on the last 60 years of drawn numbers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think most people here are forgetting that lotteries are not pure mathematical constructs. It is a game built by, and manipulated by people. Yes, the Gambler's Fallacy suggests that all thing are equal in an equal game, but the game is rarely equal. Firstly, saying that the odds are the same assumes that each lottery... | Mathematics |
How does genetic memory work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It might help to look at what our own instincts "feel" like. For example, how do you know to eat food and not to eat mud? It's probably a universal thing for people to try eating dirt, mud, etc. as a child, but outside of a few cases, this is something you do not make a habit of. Things like the flavour tell us mud is ... | Biology |
Why does the Arctic not exist on Google Earth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The problem with the Arctic ocean is that there are no permanent ice-sheets. The Arctic ocean is partially covered in sea-ice but whilst ice can survive for multiple years, the ice itself isn't permanent and the appearance changes substantially over time, both over winter-summer cycles and between years. Generally spea... | Technology |
Can humans accept blood donations from other species? Why or why not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Generally speaking, no. Your body will detect proteins in the other blood as foreign agents and create antibodies to kill it, and that kind of reaction can be fatal. I mean look at just human blood. We can't even accept blood from specific blood groups based on our own blood type. Adding in the foreign proteins of anim... | Biology |
Why is baldness more prominent in men than women? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine each hair follicle on your head has a small receptor that can be turned on or off. The receptor is turned on when a perfectly sized object, or molecule, fits inside. These receptors, when on, cause the thinning and destruction of the hair follicle. The molecule that turns them on is a byproduct of the hormone T... | Biology |
Why do so many big companies seem to be on the brink of bankruptcy, even though they are run by billionaires? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First, they're only billionaires because the stocks they hold are worth a billion dollars. Should they admit the company is failing and try to sell all their shares, the value plummets and they're quickly not so rich anymore. Their wealth is very closely tied to the ups and downs of the company. More generally, consume... | Economics |
How do wind instruments work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sound is produced from oscillation (moving back and forth). To create a sound from blowing, you need to cause some part of the instrument to oscillate. Blowing over or between a reed will cause it to vibrate up and down, blowing into a brass instrument's mouthpiece produces vibrations from your lips, and in a flute, bl... | Physics |
If the Sahara desert used to be a jungle. Is there fossil fuels here? if not why | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Having a bunch of vegetation in the past isn't enough. You need to 1) have a bunch of vegetation, 2) that gets buried and sealed in before it rots, 3) with a porous rock that can hold the oil, 4) with a sealed rock above that that can trap it. If any one of those things doesn't happen, you don't get an oil reservoir th... | Earth Science |
How is it possible that people can understand a language but not be able to speak it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The answer to this question may be better understood addressing all four modes of language: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. While reading and listening to a language involve the intake of information, speaking and writing involve the output of information. These "output" modes are exceptionally more complica... | Other |
Why can’t a blown off limb be reattached? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not like the limb gets cleanly cut in half and you've got just the one leg piece that you have to put back. Here's a video of explosives blowing up a watermelon. URL_1 Specifically, this snippet here: URL_0 That... is a lot of pieces. It's like a ton of pieces. There are no medical technologies that put that back ... | Biology |
How were metals like steel first discovered? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When bronze was originally used, it was found as a natural alloy of copper and arsenic, as opposed to the more commonly known copper-tin bronze. So, the earliest bronze was actually found as a natural alloy, which turned out to be extremely useful. However, given the toxicity of arsenic involved in the process of smelt... | Chemistry |
Why is any number divide by zero undefined? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Let's try a few examples that get close to dividing by zero 1/.1=10, 1/.01=100, 1/.001=1000... So as you get closer to 1/0, the answer gets closer to positive infinity. This alone makes there be no defined value, but there's another thing that happens. Let's try the same thing, but coming from the negative side. 1/-.1=... | Mathematics |
what is the reason the flu seems to strike in the "winter" season even in non-cold or arid climates? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is most likely not the sole reason, but when it gets colder people stay together inside more often and open windows less often so viruses can spread more easily in the air. Also dry warm air from heating drys your mucous membranes which makes it easier for viruses to get into your body that way. | Other |
How do fiat currencies work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Our currency doesn't have value because I can exchange it for an equivalent amount of gold at a reserve somewhere. Our currency has value because we all collectively believe it has value. That's it. So long as the grocery store, car mechanic, bank, etc see my paper money as valuable, then it's valuable. If they don't, ... | Economics |
What happens when a movie flops and loses millions of dollars? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The TL;DR of movie making: * have a script * find investors to put up money * make movie * find distributor to show movie (sometimes this is done before making movie) * movie gets shown, people buy tickets, money comes in * distributor gets their cut * investors get their cut I've grossly simplified that and skipped ov... | Economics |
How do large companies (Ex. Uber, Twitter) continue to function for years, despite operating at a loss? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because they have investors that keep dumping money into them. Basically, there are people/companies that believe strongly that eventually, they'll start earning money, and when that happens, they'll be able to get a return on their investments. Until then, suddenly stopping to invest could possibly make all your earli... | Economics |
Given Newton's law of equal and opposite forces, why does a rifle bullet hitting body armour still cause serious damage to the person being shot, but the recoil of the gun doesn't cause harm to the shooter? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are two things involved here - momentum and energy. Newton's laws are all about momentum - momentum = mass × velocity. It tells us that the momentum will effect both people equally. The person firing the shot will be pushed back similarly to the way the person struck by the bullet will be pushed back. But the oth... | Physics |
Why is it easy to ride a bike but impossible to stay on when it comes to a stop? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A bike is interently unstable while standing still. You can try to balance a bike without a rider and notice that it will pretty much fall over each time you try. That is because the center of gravity and the contact point of the tires are not perfectly aligned. Any deviation from perfect alignment creates a torque whi... | Physics |
how does being vegetarian change your body? What happens to your body if you started to eat meat after 20 years of being veggie? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If someone stops eating meat for a significant amount of time, it’s possible that the amount of enzymes dedicated to animal-protein digestion might reduce a little to compensate for the increase of other food groups in the system. This isn't permanent, it'll just take the person's body more time to digest and may cause... | Biology |
How does splitting an atom create so much energy using the law of conservation of energy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Normal energy in chemical reactions comes from the bonds between electrons and the positively charged nucleus. Energy in nuclear reactions come from the bonds between nucleons (protons and neutrons). It's not that splitting an atom inherently liberates energy, but that some atomic nuclei are in high-energy states, and ... | Physics |
Smart Band/Watch, how is it able to detect our heartbeat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | it has a small light emiter and light detector, which can detect the ammount of light going in. when your heart is open your blood pressure is low then when it's closed, and when the blood pressure is lower it let's more light pass. light sensor detects those changes and with them calculates your heartbeat. | Technology |
What are and how effective are sabermetrics, and can they be applied to other sports? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sabermetrics in baseball is a statistical analysis of performance. The idea is to shift away from aggregate measures like "hits per at bat" which have tactical dependencies that consider who's on which base and the overall state of the game. Instead, statisticians look at measures like OPS+ (runs per out relative to th... | Mathematics |
How does a cell phone with no signal search for a cellular tower? Does it sweep across all cellular frequencies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When a cell phone doesn't have service, yes, it looks for a tower on all of the permissible frequencies for contacting the towers. Any tower it finds, it checks to see if the tower will accept the phone -- that is, if it will agree to send and receive traffic. There may well be multiple towers that will agree to this. ... | Technology |
What’s different about instant oatmeal that allows it to be made quicker than regular oatmeal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's already been cooked. You're just rehydrating it. Regular oatmeal is just crushed oats. You still have to cook it, and oats aren't a particularly fast-cooking grain. The various versions of regular oatmeal, like "whole", "steel cut", or "quick-cooking" have all been processed to varying degrees to speed up how fast... | Chemistry |
How come in plenty of markets, it seems like we always end up with a handful of major players, but for cars, you still have dozens of brands from many countries that compete against each other? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Excluding specialty and high-end companies, there aren't really dozens of independent car brands. Most of them are owned by a few [large conglomerates]( URL_0 ). Volkswagen, GM, and FCA all own 10 or more brands. And there are a lot of other partial ownerships. FCA owns 90% of Ferrari. Nissan owns 34% of Mitsubishi and... | Economics |
Waves come in at New York, and waves come in at Europe. What happens in the middle? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Waves are not current. Waves are really just pulses of energy and can pass through each other. They are mostly generated by wind. They can reflect and refract like light. In the middle of the ocean, most of the waves travel in the direction of the wind. When the wind changes direction, the already generated waves will ... | Earth Science |
How can something be insured for more than it's worth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Replacement value vs market value for homes. Market value is how much can you sell the house for. Replacement value is how much would it cost to build the same house now. The insurance will pay to build you a new home now in that spot, not buy you one down the street. So if you own a big ass home in a shitty ass neighb... | Economics |
why does getting out of bed too quickly make me feel like I’m going to pass out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | "Some people have faint-inducing drops in blood pressure when they get out of bed or stand up from a chair (called postural or orthostatic hypotension) or after eating (called postprandial hypotension). To understand postural hypotension, imagine your body as a tube of fluid. When you lie down, the fluid distributes it... | Biology |
Why can't/won't we use SVG's for textures in PC games? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When a graphics card is trying to determine what color a screen pixel should be, it finds out what shader is represented there. To find a base color (barring the extra processing), it can quickly figure out a grid location associated to the relative location on the polygon it hit. The fastest way to figure out the refe... | Technology |
Why can you not see through fog when it's ahead of you but you can once you're in it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You have a bunch of particles in the fog blocking your vision. Let’s say there are particles directly in front of you blocking ten percent of your field of view and they’re evenly distributed as small bits in the air. And then another. And five feet away, there’s some more particles blocking another ten percent of your... | Physics |
What is an oxidant and why do we like things with antioxidants in them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | An oxidant is something that *oxidizes,* and to *oxidize* actually does not mean to give something an oxygen; it means to remove an electron from it, giving it an electric charge and changing its properties. An *antioxidant,* then, is a substance that tends to prevent or reverse this oxidization. We like this because w... | Chemistry |
How is so much internet data sent through undersea cables simultaneously? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > if I send an email, for a brief moment of time, is the entire cable dedicated to transmitting my message What you're describing is called a *circuit switched network*. That's how the telephone network used to work, and the telegraph network before that. Basically when you had a telephone call between two houses, swit... | Technology |
Why does the vapour released by petrol distort vision of things behind it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The petrol vapour is denser than air and has a different refractive index. That means it will bend any light that passes through it. It's the same when light travels between air at different temperatures, or when light travels between things like air, glass and water. In the case of petrol vapour, it's constantly movin... | Chemistry |
how are wealthy people’s net worths calculated and how is that money stored? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First of all, for most people, Forbes doesn't know, they just sorta guess based on information they have available. They may be right or wrong, they don't give a shit, they're just trying to get clicks. For many very wealthy people, generally for businessman (like A Bill Gates), they may have public records of a lot of... | Economics |
How do online retailers such as Amazon and Ebay confirm the legitimacy of their luxury items? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In short they don't. They're just a middle man. Some of the sellers on those sites depend on their reputation. The others can use escrow or just wait for someone who doesn't care. Others, for very high end and rare items, can use escrow. This is a third company with a good reputation. When you buy the good the seller g... | Technology |
Does Jupiter actually have a surface in the traditional sense or is it just a ball of gas? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We can't say for sure. Atmospheric conditions there are so extreme, plus the radiation, that we haven't been able to send anything deep enough to find out. The last theory I heard is that there's probably a solid or extremely hot liquid metal core and a layer of liquid metallic hydrogen but as far as I've heard we have... | Physics |
How is it possible that humans know that the universe is ever expanding if we have a limited space called 'the observable universe' that we cannot see past? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because we have observed and recorded things in space moving away from each other over time at a constant and predictable rate. However it is a theory and there will be a paradigm shift if new, solid and replicable evidence is found that contradicts what we currently believe to be true. | Physics |
Why do people act so different when they are sexually aroused? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One possible aspect of the difference in actions is that sex is inherently gross. The smells, liquids, squishy bodies, etc. So when people get aroused their disgust tolerance rises and as soon as your done it starts going back to it's original level. Which actually doesn't cause many problems because the sex is the gro... | Biology |
What is the revenue model of WhatsApp? They don't run any ads, they don't have any subscription charges, and even the chat is encrypted so they can't track user behaviour. How do they generate money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I know a little bit about this - WhatsApp was purchased for a few combined reasons - one - to control a competitor from getting too powerful and eroding their core business; two - to prevent another competitor from acquiring them (TenCent) Three - Facebook was able to validate / check a massive amount of data (like pho... | Economics |
Why do your eyes tear up really badly when you bump your nose, or when you pull out nose hairs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm not entirely sure, but am pretty confident that it has to do with the naso-ocular reflex path. Your eyes and nose are connected by certain nerves, which cause the other to react when one is irritated. When you pluck a nose hair, you irritate the nasal mucose membrane, and the body reacts by trying to "flush out" th... | Biology |
Why does our brain sometimes not initiate the fight or flee but make us unable to move when we experience intense fear? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Thing is people wrongfully call it fight or flight but the real thing is freeze-flight-fight, in that order. Freeze is the first natural response. It not only is the most convenient way of dealing with most threats, but it also gives you time to think about what you want to do next. Then, if necessary, we go into fligh... | Psychology |
How is there nothing in space? I get that there isn’t necessarily air like we have in our atmosphere on Earth, but how can there be nothing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most theories think the universe started out as mostly gaseous, but particles of matter attract each other through the force of gravity (which is something you get for free, as a fundamental property of matter). When matter starts to clump together, voids are left in space - and over a very, very long time, those voids... | Other |
Why does food have less taste when your nose is plugged? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To start off, your mouth eyes and nose are a lot more connected than people realize. It's why spicy food makes your nose run and eyes water. That connection is part of what makes smell an important part of taste. When you "taste" something that sensation is a mix of what your taste buds say as well as what your nose sa... | Biology |
What causes reactionary blinking upon hearing a loud, sharp noise like a hammer on a nail? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's a reflex to protect your soft, squishy eyeballs from shards of flying debris that occasionally accompany loud, sharp noises. A good rule of thumb for questions about why the body works in a particular way is to ask, "How would this trait benefit our caveman ancestors?" Imagine cavemen Agg, Oog and Ugg are sitting ... | Biology |
When exhaling underwater, why do multiple bubbles come out and not a big one? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because the air that you exhale starts rising up to the surface right away, and doesn't wait for you to "inflate" the bubble to make it bigger. If you could swim upwards as fast as the air bubbles, you could theoretically inflate a big bubble like a balloon, while it rises up to the surface. | Physics |
Why is x=y a diagonal line on a graph? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If x = 1, then y also = 1. In a graph, that would be the point (1,1). If x = 2, then y also = 2. In a graph, that would be the point (2,2) If x = 3, then y also = 3. In a graph, that would be the point (3,3) Follow this logic, and draw a line between these points, and you will quickly see that it is a straight, diagona... | Mathematics |
How does shaking up a soda increase the pressure inside the bottle? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's because the carbonation actually has two different states, a gas and an acid. When you take carbon dioxide gas and put it under pressure next to a liquid like water or soda or cider or beer, that CO2 actually reacts with the water to form a fairly unstable acid called "carbonic acid". It's unstable enough that as ... | Chemistry |
How do share prices actually change in real time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is no "algorithm". The share price listed is simply the last price that a trade was executed at. It doesn't have any deeper meaning on the face, its just a general indicator of the amount that last transaction occurred at. Any buyer or seller could (and do!) name *any* price they wish to buy or sell at. The share... | Economics |
How did the universe get to be so big? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nothing can move *through* space faster than the speed of light, but the space *between* sufficiently distant objects can increase rapidly enough that light emitted from them *right now* will never be able to traverse the distance, and the farther apart they are the more rapidly the space will grow. The overall rate of... | Physics |
How does a towel work on a molecular level? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A towel consists of woven string. The string consists of small fibers. Those fibers have gaps in them, which get there by twisting and weaving. When you put a towel in water, water gets "sucked" into the gaps of the string. This happens due to the capillary effect. When all of the air-gaps are filled with water, then t... | Physics |
Why do people who say they are against "big government" fight for so many federal restrictions (marijuana, immigration, LBGT rights, abortion, etc.)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Mostly because they're concerned about big government meddling in their own lives but are happy for it to meddle in the lives of people they disagree with. It's basically just selfishness. You very rarely see people advocating for government intervention to stop themselves doing something harmful or wrong, only because... | Other |
Why can we easily distinguish between faces in photorealistic games and real faces? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > Many photorealistic games are indistinguishable from actual photos, except when human faces are there. What exactly is the difference? The difference is *you*. Humans are highly adapted to recognize slight differences in human faces because it is very useful for humans to tell humans apart. Crows for example might lo... | Other |
Why is heart cancer so rare compared to other types of cancer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cancer is a failure in growth regulation that results from mutations. The way tumors develop is these damaged cells divide and make daughter cells that are likewise damaged. Cells that divide a lot are more prone to cancer (like skin cells) Heart muscles don’t divide much so they don’t copy their dna mistakes and make ... | Biology |
- How does a Boomerang work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | URL_0 I’m going to try my best to interpret here: basically a boomerang is built to have an aerofoil (wing) always at the top edge of the object. An aerofoil causes air to move faster around it, which creates lift. What this accomplishes is that the boomerang is pushed to the left (most boomerangs I’ve seen are left-ro... | Physics |
What would be the true difference between creating a show in one studio versus another? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Netflix isn't a studio, nor is xHamster. It is a *Producer*, the studio will remain the same, the production company provides funds, connections, and direction if they desire. Sense8 will likely continue filming with the same cast, crew, and directors, in the same physical sets and buildings as before, but now the payc... | Other |
Why is staring at a solar eclipse deemed to be dangerous and what is the difference from just staring at the sun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you look at the sun your eye goes "Damn that's bright, I better do something". This causes your pupil to shrink down REALLY small to not let much light in, and also causes a reaction to flinch away. Both of these protect your eye from damage. If you look at a not-quite-total eclipse your eye goes "This is pretty d... | Biology |
What’s so special about oxygen that makes it needed in fire? Why isn’t it another gas that’s present in the atmosphere like nitrogen or hydrogen? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Molecular Oxygen is (somewhat redundantly) an *oxidizer.* It’s a highly aggressive molecule that’s eager to steal electrons away from other molecules, breaking apart existing bonds and forming strong new bonds. This means it can release a lot of energy by tearing other, more complex molecules apart. Nitrogen is not a p... | Chemistry |
Why do lights that are in the distance appear to flicker? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When light travels through the air it changes speed based on whether it is travelling through cold, dense air or warm, light air. But, the air currents between you and the light are constantly changing. When a different density of air passes between you and the light the intensity will change which appears as a flicker... | Chemistry |
What is the scientific reasoning behind getting "hangry"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you are hungry your body releases a whole bunch of hormones to get your body to metabolize stuff in to glucose, to feed your cells. Two of these (epinephrine and cortisol) hormones also happen to be our "stress hormones". So...when hungry you're likely act like you do when "stressed", which...is...irritable! edit:... | Biology |
how are major food/drink companies allowed to keep recipes secret? Isn’t that a problem due to disclosure laws and the possibility of allergies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can find a full ingredient list for any fast food chain online. Many will have the info in a pamphlet in person. The ingredients list on nutrition facts in the US lists things from largest quantity to smallest quantity, but it won't tell you that theres a tablespoon of paprika in a whole pack of hotdogs or anything... | Other |
What’s actually happening when old animated movies get “remastered”? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually they find the old animation cells, or the film it was captured on, and upscale it with modern techniques. As it turns out, film is in a way a bit like modern imaging techniques. Rather than pixels, however, the film has grains which form their resulting images. Using modern techniques, its possible to scan thes... | Other |
How is it possible to film light passing and bouncing of a mirror? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They use extremely fast camera shutters to capture a very short moment so you can see the light beam. However they can not reset the camera in time for the next frame so they cheat a bit by sending a new beam of light for the next frame. They make sure to synchronize the short beams of light with the camera shutter but... | Physics |
Is Salt still bad for you if you drink lots of water? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Salt intake doesn't really cause high blood pressure in normal healthy people. In people with high blood pressure, a reduced sodium diet reduces water retention and therefore total blood volume and therefore reduces blood pressure because of the reduced blood volume. If you are healthy and normal, you body regulates yo... | Biology |
why does the Australian government fail to provide a sufficient upgrade to our broadband network even with the knowledge that the Internet will be as vital as the electricity grid was in the 19th century? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most of the people that make the decisions in the Australian government are the kind of people that don't think the internet is important. They are the types of people that buy the newspaper every day. If it's not something they grew up with, they don't really care about it. They are set in their ways, and they fear ch... | Technology |
When consciously breathing, why does it feel like we're controlling the intake of air via our mouth (ie: sucking in air), rather than manually expanding and deflating our lungs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because there are nerve endings in your mouth to detect all the effects of the air rushing in, such as changes in pressure, cool vs warm air, etc. There really isn't this sense of feeling inside your body (you feel other things internally, like pain, but not the same way). So, other than some sensation of your chest ri... | Biology |
Why is it so hard to eject water from our ears? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your ear canal isn't a nice, straight tube. It's bendy and very narrow. It isn't too hard to see why it would be difficult for tiny drops of water to work their way out of a bendy, narrow tube. Eventually water should roll out. If you start to experience pain, or it doesn't work its way out after 2-3 days, then you sho... | Biology |
After binge-watching Kitchen Nightmares episodes, why do health inspectors allow restaurants to continue to operate in such filthy conditions? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Where I live, health inspection is something of a racket. Some restaurants never get inspected, and some get some kind of warning before the inspectors are coming, and some get inspected often. The ones that have several inspections a year are the restaurants that are doing well and the owners clearly have money. They ... | Other |
why when we are having a stroke it is more noticeable in the left side of our body? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I am interpreting your question as asking why right-sided strokes, which affect the left-side of your body, are more noticeable. Whenever you’re showing stroke symptoms on the left side of your body, it means that the stroke occurred in the right hemisphere of the brain. Movement and sensation on each side of your body... | Biology |
What makes physics engines for games more complicated than just applying the basic Newtonian laws of motion? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is exactly that simple. Projectile motion in video games is super easy. As you said, it's just kinematics. The problem is that if you have 1000 different objects for which physics needs to be calculated, even projectile motion can become taxing on your cpu. Further, you also need to include collision physics, which ... | Mathematics |
Why was the NYC transformer fire blue? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The core of the transformer is usually solid iron, or iron-infused ceramics. Atomic iron (II) burns gold in normal flame, but bright blue in an electric arc, such as in a damaged transformer. I would guess that the transformer used iron-infused ceramics, since the smaller pieces of iron would burn much easier, explaini... | Physics |
How can someone DDOS servers of multibillion dollar company (Blizzard) and how hard is to track the person who does it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The "D" in "DDOS" stands for "distributed", and it means that there are many computers on the attacking side. Those can be from a botnet where the attacker has managed to install some sort of software on them. Or they can even be volunteers, where somebody posts a call for action on some forum and people voluntarily jo... | Technology |
How do we know instruments used in measuring the properties of distant objects (e.g. the mass of a star) are calibrated correctly? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Calibrating any measurement instrument is a combination of trial-and-error and testing agreement with mathematical models. If an instrument is measuring the thing it is designed to measure, doing this consistently, and getting results that make sense according to calculations about what they could/should measure based ... | Physics |
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