question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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Why would decreasing the temperature of a gas in a syringe make the volume decrease? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Temperature is just a measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of the molecules in a gas. If you decrease the temperature, that means they're moving slower. If they're moving slower, then they're running into the walls of the syringe less often AND slower. This means they're pushing less hard on the sides of the ... | Chemistry |
can you die from ingesting too many calories? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, how are you going to feed anyone that many calories? As an example, pure fat is one of the highest calorie foodstuffs there is, and it has around 10 calories per gramme. That means you'd need to eat 100kg of pure fat to get a million calories, and there's no way you could fit anything close to that in your stomac... | Biology |
How does Snapchat identify food on a picture, so it then gives you an appropriate filter? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Machine learning. This means they built a program that learns patterns from a ton of input and then can recognize that pattern for new input. So they built a model, fed it hundreds of thousands or millions of known pictures of food until the model could then accurately determine if a new picture that it hadn't yet seen... | Technology |
Why is not charging a laptop to it's full capacity if you run it on power often better for it's battery than charging to 100%? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Lithium batteries don't like to be charged to 100%. What's happening is the positive and negative sides of the battery are separated by a thin insulator to keep it from short-circuiting. But the higher the voltage, the more electrons want to jump across the insulator -- there is leakage. The higher the voltage, the wor... | Technology |
what on earth is perfectoid space? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Perfectoid spaces are complicated. I'll do my best. Extremely loosely, in Number Theory there are two kinds of objects. It doesn't matter what they actually are, so we'll just call them Type A and Type B. These are two worlds where thing are similar enough so that we can ask the same kinds of questions about both, but ... | Mathematics |
If maths is a universal language, how will ET’s understand the way we communicate it, as in 1,2,3’s etc? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well no matter what you call the numbers, you could call 1 fart and 2 could be kart. The interactions these two will be the same because. Fart plus fart equals kart. Though it may take a second or two to dissect that fart is one, it would be a lot quicker than trying to learn another language. | Other |
How are we able to determine the age of a star accurately? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So we don't actually know the exact age of any star but we can make fairly accurate(within a few hundred million years) guesstimates. We can do this because we can observe the mass and brightness of a star currently and also the light spectrum. Fusing different elements produces different varieties of light(most not vi... | Physics |
When you show your favorite shows to your friend, why does it feel like it's not awesome enough at that particular time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I agree with all the comments made so far, but I think we're missing one element: We want our friends to like us for introducing them to it. We want recognition of being cool / cultured / having good taste - whatever. My favorite author* on child psychology says that the deepest desire, the deepest motivator, for all p... | Other |
How can a negative # multiplied by a negative # be a positive? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 3 x 3 means “take three steps forward, three times” 3 x -3 means “take three steps forward, but turn around first and do it three times. -3 x -3 means “take three steps backwards, but turn around first and do it three times. Since you turn around *and* step backwards, you’re moving forward. | Mathematics |
What went wrong with Yahoo? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Failure to innovate/acquire innovation is a big one. It stopped them from being relevant. Also, add on to the fact that they had a series of data breaches that didn't sit well with their consumers caused a huge backlash against them. I think they also went into "the board is right" scenario where cost cutting became th... | Economics |
Why do people puff out their cheeks and blow when lifting something heavy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s really hard to inhale when your muscles are all contracted, but contracting all or a lot of your muscles is what happens when you lift a heavy thing. You inhale, the lift, and as part of the lifting, you exhale. If your mouth is closed, and your jaw is also clenched, their in your mouth builds up in your cheeks un... | Biology |
How can it actually be one temperature, but feel like another? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The thermostat measures temperature, but you don’t *feel* temperature. You feel heat transfer rate, and that isn’t just a function of temperature. The wind and relative humidity change how effectively the air can draw body heat away from you (or put more heat in, on a scorching hot day). Humid air can carry more heat i... | Earth Science |
If the speed of an object is relative to another object, then why can't matter travel faster than the speed if light, but in relation to something else? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Velocities do not actually add up like you learned in high school/freshman physics. That is called Galilean relativity, and in the early 20th century it was found to be incorrect - velocity addition actually have a more complex formula, and they always add in a way that relative velocities do not surpass the speed of l... | Physics |
What are confidence intervals? (Statistics) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As you know, statistics never says anything for certain. Anytime you are doing sampling rather than looking at an entire population there is always a chance that your sample was really strange and doesn't reflect the population as a whole. If I sample 100,000 people of a 1,000,000 population to ask what their favorite ... | Mathematics |
Why are rockets not launched from a barrel like a bullet from a gun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because to reach orbital velocities ( multiple kilometres per second) without destroying the payload would require acceleration over a long time, meaning the barrel of your gun would need to be 100’s of kilometres long. It would also need to be almost a complete vacuum or air resistance would destroy the payload again.... | Physics |
Why do systems in the universe operate as flat plains? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Clumps of objects, like solar systems or galaxies, have a whole heap of motion. Each object within that system will have its own motion, but as a whole the system will have an overall average rotational motion. This rotational motion is effectively made up of the combined linear motion of the objects in two of the thre... | Physics |
How does carbonation work? Furthermore, when you see a single constant stream of bubbles arising from the bottom of a glass (of, let's say, beer), what is the origin? Why does it stay in the same spot and not move around the cup? What keeps the stream of bubbles going? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Carbon dioxide is a gas that can be dissolved in water. Soda and beer are stored under pressure in bottles/cans that keep the carbon dioxide in solution. When the pressure is released, the gas can come out of solution, and a tiny rough spot can be a nucleation site (starting point) for bubbles. | Chemistry |
How do scientists measure the temperature of a distant celestial object without physically going there? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Stars are very close approximations to an ideal model in physics called a *black body*. A black body radiates electromagnetic waves in all wavelengths. The distribution of these waves, however, depends on the temperature of the body. A hotter object emits more light close to the blue, high energy end of the spectrum. B... | Physics |
How can PG & E (or any company) be charged with manslaughter/murder? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To answer a little more specific from the perspective of a Californian and answering directly about PG & E: They’re simply going to have to pay a fine. Maybe someone higher up in the company gets a sentence. That’s really it. This isn’t the 1st, and it certainly won’t be the last, time that PG & E is responsible for a ... | Other |
Why does an injury (cut or scrape) hurt more once you look at it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Have you ever walked into a room that had an odd smell, but three minutes later you couldn't really tell that the smell was there? Have you ever suddenly realized how hungry you are when someone passes by with a tasty looking snack? Have you ever had to pee, but you were busy doing something so it didn't really seem so... | Biology |
Why does pain grow over a few seconds instead of instantly peaking? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Simply put - you have different types of nerves that transmit at different speeds, resulting in different types of pain at different times after the injury. To break it down, let's talk about nerve fibers. There are two main types of nerve fibers that travel from the free nerve endings to the brain. These are used to g... | Biology |
How does rule utilitarianism work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Utilitarianism is an ethical philosophy which holds that one should take actions that maximize peoples' well-being or at least minimize the overall harm done if no good options are available. There are multiple type of utilitarianism, with "rule utilitarianism" acting as something of a more moderate version than "act u... | Other |
Why is it okay to eat blue cheese, but not other things that are moldy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Different species of mold have make different byproducts as they grow, and not all of them are harmful. Through experience we know some that are safe, like those used in making cheese. (Yeast is also a fungus, but not a mold, and is used for baking and brewing.) When food around the house gets moldy from whatever spore... | Biology |
Why do news websites insist on using terrible video players when it would be easier and more user friendly to embed Youtube videos? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Youtube has an infamously crappy report system that can be abused, so a breaking news story might be yanked because it offended some 14-year old in a basement somewhere. I'm also not sure about the rights situation, Youtube might stake a claim in the news station's video if they upload it there. | Technology |
Why do so many actors end up directing some of the episodes of the tv show they are starring on? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is a way to expand professionally. Being on a mid-tier basic cable TV series isn't something you can ride for the rest of your career...especially if you were cast for being young and good looking, and that is becoming less true each passing year. If you don't want to go back to doing dinner theater and TV commercia... | Other |
Where do we get the chemicals used in laboratories to create medicine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | While most medicinal chemicals were originally found in plants/animals/whatever natural source was available, modern methods tend not to rely on them. In fact, the majority of modern organic molecules are mass-manufactured from petroleum derivatives. I'll expand a little on your example of salicylic acid: The "natural"... | Chemistry |
How do smartphone and other devices know what time is it even without internet connection? And even when they were turned off and then turned on. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your English is fine. Most wireless electronic devices have a little quartz crystal and battery (much like a watch) to keep time. The battery charges the crystal, the crystal vibrates at a certain frequency, and the frequency is used to measure time. This isn't always 100% accurate, so over time, the longer you keep yo... | Technology |
I heard that it is incorrect to say that i = sqrt(-1) but it is better to say that i^2 = -1. Why so? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They're both true, but the second one is the definition of i. We define i by noting that x^(2)+1=0 "should" have two solutions and choosing to call one of those solutions i. From there we can define sqrt( & minus;1)=i, rather than defining i=sqrt( & minus;1). We also find that the other solution of x^(2)+1=0 is equal t... | Mathematics |
Why are there no green stars? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | All objects emit electromagnetic EM radiation (“light”) based on their temperature. They emit pretty much all frequencies, peaking at a certain point and tapering off in either direction. An object that is “red hot” peaks in the infra-red range, and as we look at the visible spectrum, the light is more intense at the r... | Physics |
Why do cookies become soft after you put a slice of bread with them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Breads and cookies hold moisture in them, to some degree, depending on how soft the cookies or bread are. Cookies have lots of sugar, and sugar is hygroscopic, meaning it abroad moisture from the air! Keeping a more moist pieces of break with your cookies allows for the moisture from said bread (less sugar) to transfer... | Chemistry |
Why is there so much footage of nuclear bomb tests, etc. from years ago, but no recent or modern footage now? Has the world stopped testing or is it just now made public? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most testing moved underground, literally. Specially constructed facilities that sort of resembled bomb shelters, but in reverse, and deep underground. The footage from those is sort of a "dark place, really dark, blindlingly bright, camera destroyed". The tapes you are talking about were cameras spaced out from "nearb... | Technology |
why is the download speed of a file always less than the speed shown on an internet speed test like ookla? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First of all, you're mixing up mega*bits* and mega*bytes*. A byte is 8 bits, and internet speeds are usually given in megabits, while actual download speeds are given in megabytes. So your speedtest result is 30megabits/s, which is 3.75megabytes/s. Additionally your bandwidth is limited by the server's bandwidth. If th... | Technology |
what's the difference between 3-in-1 shampoo and mixing equal parts shampoo conditioner and body wash yourself? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I am not an expert on this, but came across a video recently which broke this down (might have been Wired). A shampoo is designed to remove oils (among other things) from your hair. A conditioner is designed to add oil (among other things) to your hair. 2-in-1 products have a formulation which is designed to allow the ... | Chemistry |
how does time dialation work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine standing in a train, rolling a ball on the floor. The train is moving at 70 mph. From your perspective inside the train the ball is rolling at 10 mph. From the perspective of someone outside the train the ball is moving at 80 mph. As your velocity approaches relativistic levels the length of time in a second st... | Physics |
why are Muslims forbidden to eat pork? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It does not only apply to Muslims. All abrahamic religions forbids people from eating pork, along with shellfish and a bunch of other things. So devout Jews, Christians and Muslims all avoid pork for religious reasons. The reason for this is that it say so in ther respective religious texts. Why people added it to the ... | Other |
variable change using the ‘goat/car behind the door’ and picking door 1. Door 3 is exposed as a goat, why should you now change your selection to door 2? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Remember, the guy opening the other door Knows wich door the goat is behind. Think of his action as introducing new information to the problem Say there were ten thousand doors, you chose door 9567. He then opens nine thousand nine hundred and ninety eight other doors. Leaves one closed. Remember, he knows where the go... | Mathematics |
How did the baby boomers generation "destroy the economy"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They are referencing that the economic policies of the 80s 90s and 00s centralized wealth a lot, greatly increased corporate power (especially citizens united, allowing corporations to directly finance election campaigns), and their spending habits were heavy on deficit spending leading to a too strong luxury market, w... | Economics |
In a DC battery, if electricity flows from the negative to the positive terminal, why does the negative terminal measure 0V? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What’s considered ground (0 V) is always a matter of choice. There’s no such thing as 0 V in absolute terms. For battery power, we usually call the negative terminal ground, so for example for a 12 V battery, the positive terminal is then at 12 V. But in principle, there’s nothing stopping us from considering the posit... | Physics |
How does a galaxy move? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Galaxies move based on gravity of their components (stars, planets gases etc) . Most galaxies have a black hole at the center , it's mass and gravity also affects the motion. Over large periods of time millions and billions of years galxies may colesce with other galaxies affecting each others movements | Physics |
Do people with lazy eyes have more "field of view" or does your brain automatically fix it and make it a normal image? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | "Lazy eye" is sometimes used to describe [strabismus]( URL_0 ) (eyes target different points in space) and sometimes used to describe [amblyopia]( URL_1 ) (both eyes can physically see but the brain only uses one of them). Amblyopia is that "brain fixing it" you're asking about, and it can often result from childhood s... | Biology |
- How does a power line (from the pole to your house) shock you if it’s insulated/shielded? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If the insulation is well fitted and fully functioning, the won't shock you. This is all about the simple fact that things that are left outdoors for decades have a tendency to break in mysterious ways. Because of simple things like rain. Wind. Kids throwing rocks. That tree that the last storm knocked over. In fact, i... | Other |
how on earth does rheoscopic liquid work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Picture throwing a stick into a fast-flowing river. It would spin around for a little bit, but then you'd expect it (generally speaking, on average) to align with the flow of the river. This is what's known as a [preferential alignment]( URL_0 ). Throw it into a still pond, on the other hand, you wouldn't expect it to ... | Physics |
If I had enough money to purchase the Mona Lisa, would I be able to destroy it without repercussions? If not, why not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In the US, there are buildings, structures, and trees (yes, trees) that are specifically protected by laws making it illegal to demolish or significantly alter them due to their great age or significance. I've never heard of such a law for smaller items (likely since it's never been necessary) but you can bet that it w... | Other |
What is blood pressure and how is measured? Every time my blood pressure is taken they say it’s good but I couldn’t tell from looking at the numbers | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's the pressure (like water pressure) of the blood circulating through your body. The first number is at the beat (pump) and so higher, the second at the rest. 120/70 is good. Anything higher than that is going to make many doctors unhappy. Higher in terms of what is good/what requires treatment varies from time to t... | Biology |
Why do sometimes random songs you haven't heard in a while start playing in your mind? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What you may think as being random isn't actually all that random. Think of your brain as many interconnected memories or associations. When you start playing that random song in your head it's most likely due to something that triggered that memory. Have you ever heard someone say something and you immediate started t... | Psychology |
Why is 20/20 vision considered normal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's literally the baseline of average. Just in case you don't understand what it means it literally means I see at 20 ft what you see at 20 ft. So by that definition it is the normal average standard of visual acuity. Quite often with corrective eyewear people do experience better than average vision, using myself as ... | Biology |
Why is blood pressure higher when we lie down? Shouldn't it be lower because we're resting? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Blood is a liquid that is subject to gravity. Your limbs pool blood much like a pipe, a bag, a water bottle. Your arm may be around 3ft, your whole body about 6ft+. The pressure when standing concentrates in the bottom of your legs, your palms. When lying down, the longest “path” for the blood to pool against is about ... | Biology |
Why can two words that form a phrase retain the same meaning even if interchanged? E.G. beautifully drawn & drawn beautifully. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because word order is somewhat flexible in nearly all languages. In English somewhat less so than in many others, but where to put adverbs is more of a question of emphasis than correct grammar or semantics. In some other languages you can even do things like "him loves she" where in English you have to say something l... | Other |
How does this fountain work? Why does the (massive) ball not squeeze all the water out, how does it float? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The fountain itself is of a type called a Kugel Fountain. The stone is not floating, but rather the water is being injected below it under pressure, creating a very thin cushion that lubricates its movement over the socket, allowing it to experience very low friction and move like a giant ball bearing. If you turned of... | Physics |
why when you're deep in thought or thinking about a memory, you seem to completely zone out of your current surroundings and feel as if you're almost reliving the memory or thought? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is an excellent question. In fact, this question may actually be about what makes humans unique. First, let's consider something all organisms share: the need to understand their environment. While we may not look alike, our nervous systems have a lot in common with those of lobsters (and most other organisms; I j... | Biology |
Why is sleep of poor quality during depression? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Depression causes disruiption in the brain's ability to create, use, or reabsorb various chemicals, most of which have a role to play in sleep. Similarly, chemicals and responses that regulate sleep and our circadian cycle can interfere with or exacerbate depressive disorders, which means there is a cyclic interaction ... | Biology |
In an age of digital currency, how is new money “created”? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most new money is created as debt. Lets say I want to build a house for 100k. I go to the bank and get a loan. The bank doesn't have 100k sitting in a vault. They don't even need have 100k on deposit from another client to loan to me. We operate on Fractional reserve banking. So a new bank wants to loan me 100k, they d... | Economics |
How can My State Minnesota experience both severe cold like now and extreme heat. I understand the cold being so far north. But how can we also experience the same heat as a state such as Florida or Arizona when they dont get near as cold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fun fact about Minneapolis is that it is exactly halfway between the North Pole and the Equator. The 45th parallel runs through its city limits. But the earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees. In the summer, Minneapolis get the same power of sunlight as a city at 21.5 degrees north would on March 21st. That's the ... | Physics |
how come skiers don't break their legs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because when they land, they don't really stop. As the saying goes, "it's not the fall that kills you, it's the sudden stop at the end." Ski jumps are set up so that there doesn't have to be a sudden stop. The landing slope is sloped downward at an angle almost as steep as the ski jumper is falling, so when they make c... | Physics |
Why does scratching a CD cause the contents to become unreadable? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Reading cds is done by reflecting light off each bit. I guess it's comparable to reading Braille where you feel for bumps. If you scratch the cd you no longer get an accurate reflection so you don't know what it's supposed to be. Same way if you damage a Braille book you can't read it anymore. | Technology |
why does soda fizz more when poured into a glass with ice as opposed to one without? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The surface of the ice is rough until it starts to melt enough. This provides nucleation sites where the bubbles can grow more easily. It's the same principle as the mentos in diet coke thing. If you rinse the ice with water first, it won't foam up as much. Try also pouring into a dry glass vs one that you've just rins... | Chemistry |
Why do Zoom, Skype, Teams, etc all open via the browser first, then the client? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The link you clicked on is an HTTP (hypertext) link...your computer is programmed to open those with a browser. All computers, basically, know how to handle an HTTP link. The browser then looks at your machine and says "Oh, you've got Zoom, let's open that." If you don't have Zoom (or whatever) it prompts you to downlo... | Technology |
After baking something with chocolate chips, why do the chips stay semi melted instead of going back to solid when it cools? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Chocolate, in its hardened state, has a very specific organized crystalline structure. This keeps it solid and gives it the shiny look and firm "snappy" quality. If you melt it at too high a temperature, or for too long, the crystals get all disorganized and they don't form back into a cohesive pattern. They just stay ... | Chemistry |
How does water ‘defy gravity?’ | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The basic answer is water tension. The polar nature (+/- charges at each end) of water molecules results in the molecules "sticking" together. That's water tension. Water molecules look kinda like this: O / \\ H H and the O side is usually positively charged, and the H ends are negatively charged. This is called a hydr... | Chemistry |
How can time be different from the present in space? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The viewing dinosaurs thing. Ok. So light travels very fast, but it still has a finite speed. And you see things because light bounces off them and radiates in all directions at the speed of light. The dinosaurs lived millions of years ago. On a planet millions of light years (how far light travels in one of your years... | Mathematics |
What's the strange odour that comes out of water bottles when you keep water(usually warm) in them for more than a day with the lid closed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The comments about plastic are correct. Another few potential causes: - If you have drank from the bottle before closing it up there is some bacteria from your mouth in there that can grow. - Tap water has all sorts of stuff in it and if you leave it long enough stuff will grow from it - Water can react with the contai... | Chemistry |
How do the federal banks of a country determine whether to increase or decrease interest rates? Like whats the relationship between interest rates and a country's economy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Low interest rates make loans easier and stimulate investment. High interest rates make loans more difficult and discourage investment. Central banks use interest rates as a tool to try to increase economic growth or decrease it. Usually what they do is they watch the economy and they lower interest rates when unemploy... | Economics |
what gives different types of clouds their shape? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are a few important points. Temperature is very important. Hot air will rise very quickly, create what we call "thermals" - also known as updrafts. This hot air can then condense when its a lot higher than colder air. Hot air often also carries a lot of water, and so hot air water can produce towering clouds that... | Chemistry |
Why is first-past-the-post still the voting system in many countries? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | No one wants to mention that FPTP is something people understand. It's easy to grasp that one person equals one vote, most votes win. You start to try to explain any other system and it gets confusing and people get worried that suddenly their vote isn't such a simple choice anymore. The worry there is that people simp... | Other |
FAT32, exFAT, and NTFS: what’s the difference, why does it matter, and why does the size of the drive limit formatting choices? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Tl;Dr: they are the same but allow slightly different maximum sizes for hard drive partitions. Full spiel: all memory is kept in paired bits of hexadecimal code. This code is the arranged into a grid, or table. A part of this table is the address table/lookup table (there are a few other names for this table too). This... | Technology |
Why aren't things in orbit constantly accelerating? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They are constantly accelerating. But it's important to know that, in physics, "accelerating" doesn't mean "getting faster". Rather, it means "changing velocity". And velocity is a vector, meaning that it has both a direction and a magnitude. We tend to think of the magnitude portion of velocity as the "speed" of the o... | Physics |
How does the Federal Reserve figure out how much money to print/mint each year? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Minor quibble, for clarification only: the Fed doesn't produce coinage or currency. The US Mint and Bureau of Engraving and Printing, respectively, do that. But the Fed is the only entity that can place orders for either, so really, the question is still well-put. To answer, the Fed estimates the need for new coinage/c... | Economics |
- Why do the edges of eggs go like plastic when you fry them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Egg white are mostly protein and water. When you cook them the proteins unwind and link up, that's why it goes solid (ish). At the edges, you get that really thin runny white and over the period of frying the egg it's thin enough that you drive out all the water. The body of the whites still has plenty of water and sta... | Biology |
How do bank robberies affect the economy, considering illegal stuff is not considered in economics ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't, at least not by much. It affects locally. The money stolen is insured, so the insurance company will replace. But their rates may rise, which then means the bank may lower interest rates. Meanwhile, the police force gets a high profile project that adds to their value. But if they don't find the culprit(s),... | Economics |
How does my body recognize and try to prevent me from drinking massive amounts of alcohol in a short period of time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hey, you shouldn't be drinking at age 5!! When alcohol is broken down in the body, you get that nice buzzed feeling, but your body can only break it down (and eventually get rid of it) at a constant rate. Thus, if you put alcohol into your body faster than your body can get rid of it, it's pretty bad (a lot of biologic... | Biology |
As a civil servant, can the POTUS hold private rallies and eject people because they are lawfully protesting him? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Anyone can hold private rallies for any reason in the US. It is a part of the First Amendment right of Assembly. The POTUS does not have his rights eliminated due to his position of power. And any assembly has the right to prevent people from entry to said assembly by requiring the sale or tickets or membership cards, ... | Other |
How do you simulate protein folding computationally and why does it require massive computational power? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We know how atoms interact with one another fairly well. We can use that information, relatively easily, to simulate things like the crystal lattice in metals. Because every atoms acts the same it isn't bad. We can also do alloys with mixes of metals. We have more interactions going on but we can figure it out. Then we... | Biology |
Why are bank checks still so prevalent in the US when they have become basically obsolete in the rest of the world? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To do direct deposit in the US, you generally have to have an accounting or payroll service that you pay do your payroll instead of doing it yourself. For many older small businesses, this just adds unnecessary cost and complexity, so its easier and cheaper to use checks, although costs are coming down a LOT with some ... | Economics |
Why is the earth closer to the sun during a full moon? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When a body orbits another body in space, they are actually both orbiting a single point in space, which is their combined center of mass (known as the *barycenter*). [Here is an example of what it looks like]( URL_0 ) if the two bodies have a similar but slightly different mass - imagine that the larger body is the Ea... | Physics |
Where did the Bible come from? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The Bible is a collection of texts produced by lots of different authors over the course of a thousand years. The Old Testament is primarily Jewish writings on the history of the Jewish people. The New Testament is primarily writings about Jesus and the fledgling Christian community around 100 AD. It did not suddenly p... | Other |
Why do most cooking oils have a caloric value (ex: olive oil 120 calories) but show 0 calories when put in a spray bottle? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends on their respective serving size. Most of these sprays will claim that the serving size is something along the lines of 1/4 of a second (or 0.25 grams). One gram of fat is 9 calories, so one serving size is 2.25 calories. However, the FDA rules that if a serving size contains less than 5 calories, you can ro... | Chemistry |
Is 1 horse-power the equivalent of the power 1 horse would have when pulling something? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ideally yes Practically no The guy who defined horsepower did it based off donkeys turning a mill stone and assumed horses were 50% more powerful. He was defining horsepower to use it as a way to measure his cool new steam engine against something people knew so it was in his best interest to low-ball the power of a ho... | Physics |
How can a country like Venezuela, with more oil than Saudi Arabia be broke? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Mostly poor planning. Venezuela's government wanted to help the poor, so they put a lot of money into social programs. This included money that was supposed to be going to the national oil company that makes up most of their income. When the oil company people protested, Hugo Chavez responded by firing a bunch of them,... | Economics |
Why do some greenscreens look painfully obvious and lower quality than others? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A myriad of reasons ranging from a poor camera setup and staging/lighting of the green screen plates to limitations of the vfx software/compositor skills in pulling a decent key of the foreground object. There are relighting/edge blending issues that also have to be addressed when combining the foreground fill/matte an... | Technology |
What is the difference between normal light and lasers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Lasers are produced by exciting atoms or molecules and stimulating them to produce light. The major difference between normal light sources and lasers is coherence. Which is essentially how similar two waves are. Waves have two properties that are important here, the wavelength (colour of light ) and the phase which is... | Physics |
Why does a single proton change everything about an element and it’s properties? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For ELI5 purposes, you can think of an atom as being made up of three parts: * Protons, which have a positive charge and have a relative mass of 1. * Neutrons, which have no charge and have a relative mass of 1. * Electrons, which are negatively charged and have a relative mass of basically zero. (It's actually 1/1836,... | Chemistry |
What does it mean to invest in distressed loans? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ah, vulture capital. You remember the movie Rounders? Worm comes out of prison to find out that Grama has gone around to all the bookies who Worm ripped off and "bought" all his debt. Grama went to these guys and said listen, you made a loan to this guy back when risk of non-repayment was low. Now risk of non-repayment... | Economics |
How do we not suffocate in our sleep? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You have a secondary nervous system that controls this stuff, mostly without your direct awareness. Specifically, it monitors the amount of carbon dioxide in your blood - when the CO2 in your blood rises, it usually means you're not breathing, and it kicks off a series of automatic actions (gasping for air, etc) that a... | Biology |
In history, how did the greek mythology disappear and was replaced by current beliefs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Initially the Romans adopted / copied the Greek gods (renamed), and as they expanded into an empire, they kept a religious policy that was tolerant of the religions of the conquered territories, allowing the locals to worship the Roman deities, or whatever they wanted. After they conquered Judea and the local governor ... | Other |
How did word “commando” come to mean not wearing underwear? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nobody really knows, but there's a couple of theories. The first is that it emerged from the Vietnam war because soldiers would often not wear underwear over there (because of sweating and chaffing, etc) But the one I think is most likely is that it grew from the old phrase over in the UK of "going regimental" which re... | Other |
why is stretching slightly painful and why is that good for us? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Physical therapist here. Whether or not stretching is in fact good for us is actually a pretty complicated topic and not easily explained in ELI5 fashion. Pain is also a super complex topic as it involves mechanical and neural inputs filtered through each individuals own personal experience, habits and trauma. Again, s... | Biology |
Why can't Social Security Numbers be like credit card numbers where they get renewed (new number) every couple of years and if they get lost or stolen the old number can be cancelled and you get a new number? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The problem is that your Social Security Number is widely used as a *unique identifier* for a person. The whole reason it's worth stealing is because everyone uses the same number to reference a person. If you just get a new number every few years, it'd either be worthless for a credit report **or** somebody would just... | Other |
Why do old light gun video game accessories (like the NES Zapper) not work on modern TVs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | CRTs would turn off the pixels and then light them up again each frame, lighting them up one by one in sequence. By timing when the light gun "sees" the pixel light up, it can deduce where the gun was pointing. Plasma/LCD/LED screens are permanently on, they just adjust the pixels each refresh. There is no "off" state ... | Technology |
I hear that a Taiwanese company is opening up a new 5 nanometer chip manufacturing plant in Arizona. What exactly is the 5 nanometer measurement in reference to and how special is that number? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It used to described the smallest size of the structures etched into the silicon chip. However, these days it's rather arbitrary, many structures on modern chips are smaller than the given number while others are a lot bigger. 5 nm is smaller than 14 nm and thus the production process is more advanced. How much smaller... | Physics |
How does sound travel with the wind? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sound is waves. Air is the medium the sound waves travel in. When the air moves it carries everything with it. Here is a way to visualize it: Imagine dropping a stone into stagnate water such as a lake. The ripples will propagate out from the point you are standing. Now imagine dropping a stone into a fast moving river... | Physics |
How does water surface tension work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Water molecules are bros right. They like being around other water molecules a lot. Their "sides" are "sticky" like glue or hook and loop(velcro) Think of it like a giant circular game of Red Rover. When you try to charge in or out when you get called over. you have to have enough force to break through those bonds. So... | Chemistry |
Why is it that on different phone's, some emojis do not show? Shouldn't it just register as text? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Emoji are part of the Unicode system. In the actual message your phone sends, they're represented by a number along with a prefix that says "this is Unicode." When the receiving phone gets a number that starts with this prefix, it knows to go to a library and look up a symbol using that number. Then it displays that sy... | Technology |
Why is it warm on earth but freezing cold in between? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The vacuum of space is actually quite hot, but not dense enough for you to feel that heat. Just as hot air doesn't feel as hot as hot metal, the hot gas in space is so incredibly thin that you wouldn't notice that heat. As such, the dominant factor in determining how hot an object left in space gets becomes radiation. ... | Other |
Why is a weapon's fire rate expressed in terms of rounds per minute instead of rounds per second? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You need to consider the origins of the term. These days almost all guns can fire at least 1 round per second but the term predates automatic weapons Even in WW1 guns with bolt actions had listed Rates of Fire in rounds per minute. The SMLE(British WW1 rifle) had a rate of fire of just 20-30 rounds per minute. Rated in... | Other |
how do masks work and are they any better than simply covering our faces with a piece of clothing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most bacteria isn’t technically airborne but is rather spread by small droplets of water that you exhale. That’s what your run of the mill surgical mask is designed to block, if you are dealing with a true airborne pathogen you need to wear a heavier duty mask like [this]( URL_1 ) or [this]( URL_0 ). | Technology |
Stain Removers (Carpet particularly) - Do they remove the staining material, or just change the colour? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Coffee stains are known as "oxidisable stains." What this means is that the part of the molecule that causes the stain to have color is also susceptible to being broken by an oxidizing agent (eg, hydrogen peroxide, bleach, etc.). The staining material is likely still there, but the chemical structure has been altered s... | Chemistry |
if there are so many billionaires and millionaires donating such huge sums of money to charity every year,along with the general public making their small donations of course, how are there still so many in poverty without access to basic ammenities? Where is all this money going? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's a lot going on here. To start, think of the scale of the problem. There are 3 billion (with a big bloody B) people living in poverty (less than €2.30/$2.50 per day) with 1.3 billion living in extreme poverty. Here in Ireland we have our own problems but the "average person" spends €120/$131 per day. So, to incr... | Economics |
How does a suppressor work on a gun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | [Here's a video]( URL_0 ) of a transparent plastic suppressor in slow motion, so you can see the action (2:20). The noise of a gun is caused by the high-pressure gases escaping out of the barrel as soon as the bullet exits; it's kinda like the bullet uncorks the gun and the gases "pop" like champagne. A suppressor adds... | Technology |
How come blowing on fire sometimes helps it burn (such as when kindling), but other times puts it out (such as candles)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Any time a question about fire pops up, it’s useful to start with the fact that combustion needs three things to happen: fuel, oxygen, heat. If any of those is removed or lowered to a certain point, things won’t combust. Now, if combustion of a fuel releases enough heat to keep the reaction going, and that heat is bein... | Physics |
How does Japanese multiplication work? Why does this work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's literally the standard, basic long-form multiplication algorithm, except you're drawing lines rather than just multiplying. Check out [this example]( URL_0 ) If we were do to this the old fashioned way, we'd do: 23 x12 --- 46 +23 ---- 276 And, notice, in the image that's exactly what we have: 2 intersections all t... | Mathematics |
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