question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How were mathematicians able to calculate pi without accurate measurements? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Before calculus, you computed the perimeter of a polygon inside a circle, then the perimeter of one outside a circle, [like this]( URL_0 ), and took their average. The more sides the polygon has, the better the approximation. After calculus, they discovered infinite series that added up to pi, like: 4 - 4/3 + 4/5 - 4/7... | Mathematics |
when doing cardio-like exercises, why is a lower heart rate suggested in order to be in the fat-burning ‘zone’ and a higher heart rate ‘cardio’? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Exercise Physiologist here: I'll try to make exercise metabolism as simple as I can. What is burned by the body and the active muscles, primarily fat and carbohydrates, is dependent on intensity of activity. As for heart rate, it is measure of intensity (lower heart rate, lower intensity; higher heart rate, higher inte... | Other |
Why do the drawstrings on sweaters and hoodies always try to come out of the hoods when they are run through a washer and dryer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | My guess is that one of the drawstring ends can easily get snagged by other garments or other parts of the hoodie, then as the washer or dryer turns the clothes are tossled and the string is pulled. Imagine the drawstring end getting sandwiched in some jeans then as the washer spins the jeans move away from the hoodie ... | Other |
What happens when we generate more electricity than the grid is using? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When too much electricity is being produced one of the first things done is reducing the amount of electricity used by scaling back "quick reacting" plants. Imagine angling the blades of a windmill so they aren't catching the wind anymore and supply is reduced. There aren't traditional batteries big enough to hold the ... | Physics |
How do babies make decisions? Are they "consciously" aware? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Between 15 and 24 months a baby experiences self awareness. They make decisions all the time, based on their sensory inputs, but self awareness isn't needed for that. When they are self aware, they can tell that the baby they see in a mirror is not just any old baby, but it is actually themselves. | Other |
Why do people say "Jinx!" after two people say something the same? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s a game. If you say the same thing and the other person calls out “jinx” before you do, you aren’t supposed to talk until someone says your name. There’s usually a penalty for talking - when I was a kid you had to buy a Coke for the other person. | Other |
Why do we need the Moon? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The moon stabilizes Earth's axis so that it doesn't wobble too much. It essentially acts as a weight, pulling on the Earth and keeping it on a fairly uniform rotation. This means that we have regular and consistent seasons and temperatures, which allow for agriculture, modern civilization, and all that fun stuff. Possi... | Physics |
What caused hyperinflation in Venezuela? What motivates its leader to create new currency? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To begin with, the overwhelming majority of Venezuela's population has historically been employed either directly by the government, or by PDVSA - which is the government owned oil company. In 2007 the country began to experience shortages for the first time. To "offset" these shortages, the government began a series o... | Economics |
Why can't we describe colors like anything else? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You've run into one of the main features of [qualia]( URL_0 ). Qualia are our direct experiences. They're not "the thing being experienced", but are instead "the experience itself". There's a pretty good quote from that Wikipedia article: > [Qualia are the] 'what it is like' character of mental states. The way it feels... | Other |
How does music have a big impact on how someone feels while they listen to it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is a deceptively large question as there are tons of neurological, cultural, and personal aspects that contribute to it and it's still not a completely answered question. Neurologically, lots of things happen when we listen to music. Some frequencies fall within the range of human speech and our brains tend to pay... | Psychology |
How did they measure the speed of light? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | People have wondered about the speed of light for a long, long time. As you can imagine however, the for the longest time there wasn't any real way to get a good measure of it just because it is too damn high compared to speeds we are used to here on earth. And so for the longest time it was thought to be infinite (whe... | Physics |
What is the difference between fiberglass and glass fiber? Are they still dangerous to the lungs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fiberglass generally refers to glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, while glass fiber refers to the fibers themselves (but also occasionally things made out of these fibers, including fiberglass). Both have the potential to harm the lungs if turned into a dust, but they are less damaging than asbestos (which is what I think... | Other |
Why when you learn a new word you suddenly see it used all the time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's called the Baader-Meinhof phenomenon. It happens with band-names, artists and types of food too. Our attention is quite selective and we tend to subconsciously ignore things we don't understand. After we learn it we have confirmation bias where it seems that something we've just learned about is all of a sudden qu... | Other |
What is the difference between a compound and a mixed substance? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you have a bucket of lego bricks. Half of them are red and half are white. If you just gently stir the bucket, you have a mixture of separate pieces. If you go through and stick a red piece on every white piece, so they're all in pairs, you have a compound. | Chemistry |
Why do paintings get so much more colour and contrast in them after varnishing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't think the answer about varnish absorbing blue light is correct. It might be, but I doubt the absorbance of varnish is high enough to have a material impact on what you see. It is more to do with scattering. If you have a rough surface the light that hits it will be scattered, meaning that less light hits your e... | Chemistry |
Why do small fish swim under or by the fins of sharks and whales? Are they trying to hide? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They are being scavengers. They are following alongside the shark and stealing shreds of food from a shark's meal. The shark will occasionally snack on one of the fish, but enough survive leeching off it's leftovers to successfully live and breed. There are a few species of cleaner fish that go over a fishes' body and ... | Biology |
If sand is just different kinds of heavily broken down rocks, then why does sand turn into glass when melted and cooled instead of volcanic rock? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are different kinds of rocks. Glass just happens to be a very pure form of one kind of rock. In order to turn sand into glass, you melt the sand, and then you have to first separate it from stuff you don't actually want in your glass. One of many reasons why re-using old glass is much less expensive than melting ... | Chemistry |
What exactly were people afraid was going to happen during Y2K? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It used to be common practice for developers to only assign 2-digits to represent a year, so 1988 would be stored 88. This was done to save memory, because memory used to be very expensive and saving a couple of digits here and there would make a big difference. The problem is the 19' part of the date was assumed, so w... | Technology |
What happens when you don't safely eject your USB? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Data that was being accessed could be corrupted or deleted, making it unreadable for future use. When you "safely eject" the device, you're basically letting the computer stop all processes and make sure nothing is being accessed before you disconnect the device. If you just pull it, you have no idea if the data was be... | Technology |
How long can a glass of clean tap water stand and remain clean/safe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The chlorine in tap water should keep bacterial growth at bay for about 2 days. After that, you run the risk of bacterial growth. There will also be marked pH differences that will make the water taste funny, thanks to absorption of carbon dioxide by the standing water. In short, dump put that water and wash the cup. I... | Chemistry |
Can a material only be scratched by a harder material? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your Father is correct. Things can only be scratched by things of equal or higher 'hardness'. The axe you use does get dull for several reasons. Firstly the thin edge does get bend and mushed out of shape by the impact of the axe's weight. Then for moments there is a really high friction that heats things up. And then ... | Physics |
How come there isn't an imaginary system for dividing a number by 0, while there is one for taking the square root of a negative number? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So, it boils down to one thing: Allowing division by zero completely and utterly breaks mathematics. Literally 2=4 now and 21334124234 = 9.45412231. Every number is equal to every other number and you just can't get anything useful done. But imaginary numbers (which by the way is a terrible name it's not more "imaginar... | Mathematics |
what makes a Hydrogen more acidic in a compound than other H atoms? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's because of how acidity is measured, by pH. pH is -log(concentration of H+ ions). Namely, the more H+ ions (essentially free protons) you have, the more acidic the solution. If you have hydrogen gas (H2) dissolved in solution, if it breaks up into atomic hydrogen H the H will have no charge. On the other hand, if t... | Chemistry |
Why does traffic come to a standstill on the highway? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When one person brakes, it causes a cascade of people behind that person to brake as well. When one car moves, the car behind it doesn't immediately start moving simultaneously, there is always a lag time. So when there are tons of cars on the road, and one person makes a shitty lane change, or a bunch of cars are tryi... | Other |
How does the sun or light bleach the color out of colorful objects? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you throw a blueberry at a window, it will bounce off. If you throw a rock at the window, the rock won't bounce and also the window will break. All of the pieces of the window are still there in a pile on the floor, but it's definitely not "a window" anymore. The same happens to colorful objects, but the blueberry i... | Other |
What is the "moving sofa Problem" and how is it not solved yet ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's basically "What shape of sofa is the biggest while still fitting around a corner?". The answer is ["kind of like a telephone handset"]( URL_0 ). Several different methods have converged on that solution, so that's most likely the biggest shape that will fit around a corner; but they haven't found a way to *prove* ... | Mathematics |
How does country debt work? Like how would the US pay the money back? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Modern monetary theory is basically predicated on the fact debt on national levels will never be repaid. In fact, debt must be continuously created just to sustain the current economic system in its entirety. To make this work, central bankers balance interest rates (the cost to borrow money) against inflation (the los... | Economics |
How do phone calls work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To break it down at a general level: 1. Your voice makes the air vibrate. 2. The air makes a microphone vibrate. 3. The microphone turns the vibrations into electrical “vibrations”. 4. The phone interprets the electrical signal digitally. At this point, it’s sort of like an MP3 file. 5. The digital audio gets sent to t... | Technology |
What is a step, 1/2 step 1/4 step 1/6 step etc, in music, relating to rhythm/time signatures? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think step is the wrong word for your question. Steps usually refer to changing pitches. For rhythm, we're looking at notes and rests. & #x200B; looking at 4/4 time which is by far the most common. 4/4 means there are 4 beats per measure, and the quarter note = 1 beat. So 4 quarter notes = 1 full measure. I like [thi... | Mathematics |
if force = mass times acceleration, does that mean when something is moving at constant speed, there is no force? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It means there's no *net* force, yes. In our everyday experience, that usually means that whatever force would act to slow it down is balanced by whatever force is keeping it going - such as a car, being pushed by the engine but slowed by friction among the moving parts as well as air resistance. When there's accelerat... | Physics |
what causes the earth to rotate? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not the big bang, at least certainly not directly. It is something known as the conservation of angular momentum. Basically when particles clump together they don't join perfectly instead they hit each other off-centre which causes them to rotate this initial rotation is enhanced by each new particle joining. However i... | Physics |
How does developers input "traps" in their software for pirated copies? How do they distinguish between real and pirate, and why can't someone just upload new copies without it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is called "digital rights management", or DRM. DRM comes in a variety of forms. When software came with printed manuals, sometimes there'd be information on the manual the program would force you to enter. Later, when software came on CD's, often extra DRM data on the CD was written in non-standard locations that ... | Technology |
Why hasn't Tesla's technology for free worldwide wireless electricity been recreated? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It wasn't free. It would have required huge power stations dumping vast amounts of energy into the planet and then retrieving a tiny bit of it elsewhere, with the rest being wasted as heat. Still would have charged customers for that energy. Sounds like an awful system, especially considering the environment. However, ... | Technology |
What would happen if 2 supercomputers played chess at against each other? Would the game end in seconds? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, that'll depend on how "supercomputer" they are. Are they so super that these hypothetical computers can solve the game? Then yes, it could be over in seconds. With conventional computers and the best chess engines right now, we are far from solving the game and it would take as much time as the engine believes ne... | Mathematics |
If only a small percent of the Earth's water is drinkable, will we ever run out of drinking water? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Run out completely? No. At least, not if we avoid polluting literally ever drinkable river and stream and pond. Outstrip the supply? That’s already happening in many places. A huge drought that made a shortage of drinking water is one of the main causes of the Syrian civil war. It’s even more noticeable in desert count... | Earth Science |
How do people teach themselves to read? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Initially, they don't. They are taught, by parents or teachers at school. Once a person knows the basics of reading, they can develop from there by learning context clues - a word that hasn't been encountered will generally indicate its meaning through its context in a sentence. Alternatively, they can simply look it u... | Other |
How does the divisible by 3/9 "add up the digits" rule work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | These divisibility rules are due to the way our numbering system, known as "base 10," works. If you want to write out a number 12345 in base 10, then what you're really doing is writing: 12345 = 5(10^0) + 4(10^1) + 3(10^2) + 2(10^4) + 1(10^5) When you want to see whether a number is divisible by 3, the question you are... | Mathematics |
if the exact rotation of earth takes 23 hrs 56 mins 4.09secs why hasn’t it messed up our digital & analog clocks yet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because Earth also revolves around the Sun. 23 hours and 56 minutes is the time is takes the Earth to make a exact 360 degree rotation around its axis. If the Earth was standing in place, then this would be enough for the Earth to make a single rotation relative to the Sun. However, during that time, Earth has also rev... | Earth Science |
How do updated currency notes reduce counterfeit money if legacy notes remain valid? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is a point where presenting a brand new legacy bill isn’t going to be plausible. Then there is a point further after that where people you’re trying to pass the bill onto will automatically think it’s a fake because they either don’t remember or never knew what the legacy bill looked like. | Economics |
What determines the speed and rotational rate of objects orbiting each other in space, and how are smaller objects such as our moon affected by much larger objects such as our sun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A couple things to unpack here. Think of planets and moons orbiting as a pendulum. With a pendulum, the only thing that effects its frequency is the length of the string, or in this case, the distance of orbiting bodies. An objects distance from whatever its orbiting is what determines its orbital velocity. The moon an... | Physics |
How does our stomach tell us when it’s full? How do different foods affect how full our stomach is? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is a big topic, and it is not fully understood, although we do know a fair amount. Basically, there are two broad ways we know our stomach is full--physical sensation and chemical signals. The wall of the stomach (and all of your intestines) have stretch receptor nerves inside them. When the stomach is full and st... | Biology |
how we know Jellyfish have been around for 500 million years? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We know that Jellyfish has existed for 500 million years because we have found fossils of them that are that old [ URL_0 ]( URL_2 ) Ther are fossils of cyanobacteria that are 1.9 billion years old. Here is a paper that looks at early evidence URL_1 It is believed that the existed 2.4 billion years ago during the greate... | Biology |
Why does the USA spend so much money on its military? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The US has over 820 military bases in over 70 countries worldwide. The maintenance of those bases takes up a large portion of the military budget alone. The US also has numerous submarines, radar facilities, battleships, aircraft carriers, etc. The budget for the military is huge now to 1. maintain current needs for th... | Economics |
At what point does a game become “solvable”? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > Is it the case that all games are solvable, but computational limits don’t allow us to solve a game as complex as chess from the starting position? This is the important detail. Games like chess and go have enough possible decisions that the ability for a computer to count through them all becomes impossible. There a... | Mathematics |
Why is shampoo not good enough to also be used as body wash? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Body wash or even hand soap is good enough to wash your hair and even your clothes. Soap is soap and there is not that many variants of it. However you may want to mix some products in the soap you use for your hair to get different effects. Most of these will be harmless to use on the rest of your body. However anti-d... | Chemistry |
How did we find out what the nucleus of an atom looks like? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It wasn't just one experiment that leads us to this result, but for the sake of a proper ELI5 I'll talk only about Rutherford's golden leaf experiment which pretty much proved us that the atom is mostly void. So before Rutherford's experiment, we believed that atoms had a nucleus which is neutrally charged, that is it ... | Chemistry |
How does the way of breathing change the intensity of pain? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There have been a number of studies in different areas (mostly chronic pain management) in recent years suggesting that slower breathing can reduce pain perception, but the reasoning is still foggy. Effects like reduced tension and negative feelings are mentioned, as well as more positive and/or different mindsets. My ... | Biology |
What is happening to your skin when itchiness occurs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your body releases a chemical in the area that stimulates the nerve endings in a way that triggers the desire to scratch that spot. This is in response to the presence of something foreign that needs to be removed. I think that’s it but I’m a moron so I am also probably very wrong. | Biology |
Could you "carbonate" water with other gases? And would they behave in a similar way (like building bubbles and causing the bottle to explode when shaken)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can. Guinness beer is impregnated with nitrogen gas rather than carbon dioxide; this results in a “creamier” texture and smoother mouthfeel since nitrogen is extremely stable and doesn't easily form new compounds the way carbon does. As for the rest of your question, the properties are similar as far as exploding w... | Chemistry |
why coke explodes when you shake it and then open? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Coke gets its fizz from Carbon Dioxide gas that has been dissolved into it. When sealed, a can of coke is pressurized and the gas cannot easily escape from this liquid. When you open the can, the small amount of gas that has accumulated at the **top** of the can escapes (causing the trademark 'hiss'), and the carbon di... | Chemistry |
why does resting with your eyes closed, in a resting position not contribute to sleep? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because you don't sleep with your eyes and the position of your body, you sleep with your brain; in other words, your brain needs the sleep, not your eyes or muscles. We don't fully understand all the biology and neural science of sleep, but [REM sleep]( URL_1 ) and deep sleep are both necessary for your brain to feel ... | Biology |
Why do suction cups stick better when wet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Suction cups work by removing air from one side of the cup so that the air pressure on the other side of the cup pushes the cup against the wall (or other surface) without anything pushing back. It’s the air pressure in the room pushing against the suction cup that holds it in place. They lose suction when air has a ch... | Chemistry |
How do plants know they're in dirt? How are they able to know where to put down their roots? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Seeds that are dormant typically need to get wet in order for them to germinate. Once the coating around the seed (or seed coat... go figure) gets wet for a certain amount of time (depending on the species of plant this can be really quick or really long), a bunch of enzymes, hormones, and proteins get activated which ... | Biology |
The double-slit experimet. How can simply "watching" the electron cause it to stop being a wave? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Prior to quantum mechanics, observation was considered a passive activity that simply recorded events that happened. Quantum Mechanics made us realize that we can't just observe something without also affecting it, because of what observation is. Take, for example, a human observer. When you see something with your eye... | Physics |
why are boils filled with liquid? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A boil is an infection. Your body fights the infection with white blood cells. White blood cells die as they fight the infection. The liquid (pus) are the dead white blood cells (plus whatever they killed). Presence of pus = white cells died there = white cells were fighting something there = there was/is probably an i... | Biology |
how flies manage to get into our house through the smallest gap but somehow struggle so much to exit? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So think about it like this, imagine that you are in a huge football stadium that is completely dark except one candle in the middle of the field. It is really easy for you to find your way TOO the light, but a dim light does not help you at all when walking away and trying to find the exit. Similiarly, when there is a... | Other |
Are there any differences in the effectiveness of skincare products that have the same active ingredient? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Short answer: no. If the active ingredients are the same, then you get the same actions. Long answer: maybe. The non-active ingredients may play some role in preserving the active ingredient, helping it get to the site of action or making it easier to use. They may also just be fillers to bulk up the product or things ... | Chemistry |
Why is illumination(e.g. flash) so much more important for cameras than for the human eye? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The human eye is far more sensitive to light than almost any commercial camera sensor (and even those that get close have huge amounts of image noise at high sensitivity). Also, camera sensor can only have the same sensitivity setting for the entire sensor (possibly barring some expensive prototypes), while each indivi... | Other |
What exactly is freezer burn and why does it make food taste bad? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's just oxidation. If you put food in a freezer it won't rot, but if it's not well sealed from air oxygen will still affect it in a way that makes it taste bad. Normally food when left out will rot before oxidation becomes a problem so this effect is usually only seen with frozen food. It has nothing to do with burni... | Chemistry |
How are mental disorders like anxiety, stress and panic able to have such a negative effect on the body physically? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The same neurotransmitters that regulate mental experiences are the same ones that organize physical experiences too. Anxiety is an increase in stress which is the same as your mind telling your body constantly "be ready for some shit to go down" which makes your muscles react by increasing blood flow to "prepare" for ... | Biology |
How does a gas stove not blow up when you turn it on?What stops the fire from going down the pipes(?) and into the gas compartiment and explode? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well the rest of the gas. The whole line is pressurized with natural gas. Fire can't burn without oxygen being present. Since the line is pressurized no oxygen can leak back into the line. Gas explosions usually occur when theres a break in the line and a LOT of gas is present in a space mixed with oxygen. A spark can ... | Physics |
What causes a wart growth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not an expert, but its seems like nobody else is, so I'll tell you what I know. Now, from what I've heard, the virus infect your skin, usually through a small cut or scrape, and nests in the nearby nerves, causing a reaction which makes your outer layer of skin rapidly produce cells in that area. There's different kind... | Biology |
There's a coin shortage, and apparently they aren't "flowing" like normal. Where did all the existing coins go? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not that they're gone, its that they're stagnant. Businesses are closed, likely with millions upon millions of dollars in coins sitting idle in safes and cash registers. And people are using cash way less, and if they get coins are less likely to be passing them around, preferring bills. Payments to things like re... | Economics |
Why does rabies virus cause photophobia in people but in raccoons it makes them come out during the day? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The rabies virus is pretty interesting. The viral particles take hold in nervous tissue and then start a slow ascension from peripheral nerves to central nervous system, the brain and then finally down through some of the nerves that innervate face (namely nerves that innervate salivary glands). The virus isn't perfect... | Biology |
What affect do power cuts really have on a computer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually, nothing that bad happens. Starting up should fix most things that were cut short. The exception is when the computer is actively writing or changing data on the hard drive when the power is cut; then the written data will be incomplete. That’s how data can get corrupted. If it’s a word/pdf/general data file th... | Technology |
Why do most people who Survive near misses in dangerous situations respond with laughter ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Laughter is usually our reaction to something unexpected, good comedy works by making you think a story is going a certain way and then jumping to something unexpected (even puns are funny because we are interpreting the word in one context, then realising there is another unexpected meaning/context). In many near-deat... | Psychology |
If kids only learn the common core method of basic math (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), does that groundwork prepare them adequately for more advanced math? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes. If a child can multiply 12 and 4 and get 48, it doesn't really matter to an algebra teacher what method they used to arrive at the conclusion, as long as applying the same rules to 13 x 3 would give an answer of 39. I think the common core style of addition/subtraction might even be better preparation for algebra.... | Mathematics |
How do body builders and athletes train so much? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They do have rest periods. In fact body builders go through massive fluctuations of mass and energy. When you see them compete, they are actually dehydrated and exhausted leading up to that competition. Athletes on the other hand usually isolate different muscle groups for each day. For example, leg workouts won't make... | Biology |
Why are there no whales or other marine mammals the size of regular fish? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Warm blooded creatures, mammals, maintain an internal body temperature. Where as cold blood creatures(fish regulate their body temperature with the external environment. Why is that important? Water is a heat sink, as such water tends to take the heat out of surrounding objects. Thus, if an organism spends a large amou... | Biology |
On what basis are stores able to request that customers all leave their bags with staff at the counter? what happens if it gets stolen? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I was at a used bookstore and a customer got very upset because his bookbag got stolen under watch by staff. He said that the staff should have yelled "Thief!" and tried to stop the person from taking his bag. The customer was initially approached by bookstore staff who asked him to leave his bag at the counter. The st... | Other |
Who sells internet domains and why do you have to buy them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Domain names are managed by ICANN, who permit accredited organizations to perform the registration process for a domain. ICANN charges a small annual fee ($0.13 USD IIRC) for registration. You have to pay to register a domain in order to keep the ICANN domain registries running, which are the systems that keep track of... | Other |
How does "Zalgo" text work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How exactly does Zalgo text work? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_1 comment_) 1. [How do you create crazy looking text like this (p̷ͦ́̓͘a̐̿̆̂͋́͛̀̃̀͘͠҉͞s̃͊̂̈́͋̍̕҉t̷̛̋͆ͪ̇̄ͥ̓̈a̐̿̆̂͋́͛̀̃̀͘͠) and what is it called? ]( URL_5 ) ^(_._) 1. [ELI5: What the heck is Zalg... | Technology |
how was math created and what makes it hold true? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm not a historian so someone may call me out here but I won't let that stop me: Math wasn't "created" and it isn't "true". Math is just a way to describe the world. Just like colors aren't "created" or "true". It's a specific way to describe aspects of reality that require certain language to describe. I can't descri... | Mathematics |
Why are so many people opposed to the Affordable Care Act? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They're not, exactly. They're mostly opposed to the name "Affordable Care Act." If you poll on "Do you support the Affordable Care Act?", that's when you get a lot of people who say they oppose it. Even more will say they oppose it if you say "Do you support Obamacare?" even though those are two names for the same legi... | Economics |
What Corona Virus exactly does to our body system? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Viruses in general latch on to the cells in your body, inject their RNA and cause the cell to replicate the virus, killing the cell in the process (usually). Think of your DNA and RNA as the software in the cell. This software tells the cell how to divide and grow, how to make certain proteins, and many other things. T... | Biology |
What is an elementary function? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The elementary functions are a set of well known functions such as powers of x, roots of x, exponentials, trigonometric functions and their inverses, and most importantly any combinations of them, for example e^sinx + x^(2). Non elementary functions are those that can't be written like that. For example if I define the... | Mathematics |
why do all things fall at the same acceleration /speed (without air friction)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The force caused by gravity is proportional to mass. A heavier object will 'feel' a larger force than a lighter one. However, the acceleration of an object due to a force is inversely proportional to the mass. A heavier object takes more force to accelerate than a lighter one. These two factors cancel out perfectly to ... | Physics |
Is one the only number and all numbers after that just words that mean 1+1, 1+1+1, 1+1+1+1c ext. ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Kind of yes! In set [theory]( URL_2 ), you define the number 0 as an empty set, 1 as a set containing an empty set (i.e. containing 0), 2 as a set containing 1 etc. Similarly in a thing called lambda calculus you define 0 and then you define 1 as a something that says "the next number after 0", 2 as something that say ... | Mathematics |
What is my computer actually doing while I’m waiting for a game to load? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Rendering the level you’re about the enter, as well as loading all the information tied to that level in one big loading screen instead of maybe having a laggy experience with a bunch of small loads everytime you interact with soemthing. Conceptually it’s similar to letting a YouTube video buffer before you start playi... | Technology |
What causes the gamey taste in meat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you hunt an animal it is damn near hot (being the temperature of a living animal) and the meat will remain fresh as the blood continues to flow. As soon as you shoot it and the animal dies it becomes hot dead meat and starts to lose its hormonal and other balances (I’m not a scientist I’m a hunter I know how to st... | Biology |
What is AWS (Amazon Web Server) and what are the basic things one should know to understand how it functions? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | AWS stands for Amazon Web Services to contrast their shipping services. It is a collection of services that Amazon provides online. These are things like storage, backup, DNS, database, load balancing and maybe the most popular, virtual machine hosting. The concept about all this is the economy of scale. Amazon will bu... | Technology |
; Why is it said that it is very difficult to change your IQ to a higher score? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Whomever is saying that is blatantly incorrect. It is in fact almost *inevitable* that your IQ score will change as time goes by, since the IQ test is meant to measure a person's (very specific) academic potential *compared to other people of the same age/background*. That is **not** something that remains static! | Biology |
why do presidents and governors have right to pardon ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | From a legal perspective the President can pardon any person convicted or alleged to have commit a Federal Offense, because the Constitution grants him this power. State Constitutions typically grant this same power to Governors for State offenses. The concept of a pardon long predates the US. It can be found in ancien... | Other |
What is the difference between a written and an unwritten constitution? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A written constitution is when there is an explicit document, or set of documents, that state how the government is set up and what sort of laws they can or cannot pass. Usually it would also set out a procedure for how the constitution could be modified. Most countries have a constitution like this. An "unwritten" con... | Other |
how exactly is silicon programmed in Computer chips? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You don't make it think. It's a machine just like the ones that you more intuitively understand. The front gear on a bike pushes a chain that pushes the rear gear which pushes the ground. Similarly, the semiconductors in a computer is the same way. We found that by doping silicon, they would have specific properties wh... | Technology |
Why does baking a cookie make it impossible to turn it back into dough? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Mud is not a chemical reaction. It's just adding water to sand. The water creeps between the sand particles making them move around more easily. The more water the more "fluid" it becomes. Baking cookies is a chemical reaction where different ingredients bind together which creates new chemicals. The baking itself remo... | Chemistry |
why does whiskey taste/smell different when exposed to sunlight? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not evaporate. The process is generally called photodegradation. Basically the sunlight is providing enough energy for chemical reactions to take take place. There are a huge variety of possible chemical reactions. For example, the photon could whack into a water molecule, causing it to break into oxygen and hydroxide,... | Chemistry |
What does it mean to refinance? A car? A home? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Essentially, you're taking out a new loan to pay off your old loans. Using round numbers; say I owe $1,000 on my car, and borrowed that money at 20% interest rate. It's a good idea for me to borrow enough to pay off what i owe if I can get a rate of 5% from a different bank. With a house, say you took a 30 year mortgag... | Economics |
- how does the porn industry make money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A combination of monopolistic practices in the mainstream and catered fetishes on the edges. Essentially, the company that owns PornHub put most of the mainstream porn sites out of business--and bought them all up pretty cheaply. So if you buy a video from a website or watch it on PornHub, it's all the same people. Whi... | Economics |
Why does being out in the sun all day make you feel so exhausted? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your body always tries to maintain it's base temperature of 98.6 degrees. When you spend time in direct sun exposure your internal body temperature will increase. Your body then needs to work harder to regulate it's base temperature. Even though you might be relaxing pool-side, your body is working overtime. This extra... | Biology |
Sleep deprivation - If you have a sleepless night and then proceed to get the recommended 7.5 hours of sleep the following days, for how long will you be in a sleep deprivation? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We just talked about this in my psychology class today. There's a case study about this guy who, as a high school student, wanted to break the record of longest number of days without sleep (which was 11 days at the time). He made it 12 days, probably with some "micro sleeps" here and there. He suffered all kinds of si... | Biology |
- What do protein shakes / bars do to your body and how do they help? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Protein is required for muscle synthesis, so if you're lifting and breaking down tissue you need more of it to rebuild the muscle stronger and bigger than you would if you were just maintaining mass. However, supplement companies are notorious for overstating protein requirements. Generally people recommend 2g per kg o... | Biology |
How do immigrants move to a new country without knowing the language, culture or how to navigate the bureaucracy and open a business straight away? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1. They're willing to go to night class / home study to learn the language 2. Most western nations offer government services in most world languages 3. A lot of immigrants will settle in a neighborhood where there is family or others of the same language/culture; in fact these diasporas actively run "help you get integ... | Other |
How can we call or video-chat with someone across the world and sound like we're talking to them instantly? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is a small (sometimes noticable) delay which we precieve as basically normal conversation. A huge contributor to minimizing this delay is fiber optic technology. It allows information to travel the speed of light while in transit across thousands of miles. Modern processing power and elegant refined networking te... | Technology |
why do game prices stay the same when the tech use for making them (computers) gets cheaper every year, Human Resources are more abundant than ever and a lot more people are buying them (economy of scale)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Games are getting more expensive to make, not less. The hardware and software used to make them doesn't really get cheaper, it gets better. And if it gets better, then it becomes possible to do more with it. Bigger worlds, more detail. Consumers expect this gradual increase in detail and scope. But despite the fact the... | Economics |
how does Microsoft profit from the Microsoft rewards program? It’s basically just free money. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s there to encourage you to buy more Microsoft stuff. They lose a little bit of money giving you back some stuff, but they make more money than if you just bought some other company’s version or used a free/open source version. Also Microsoft is trying to encourage you to use their search engine, so they can collect... | Economics |
why do materials like wood, paper, cardboard, shrivel up/warp when they dry out after being wet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | On a very small level, paper is essentially made out of tiny wood fibers that have been mechanically pressed flat. When water comes in, the fibers absorb it and puff up, which makes them more likely to catch on one another. Then, those fibers, which are now slightly caught on one another, shrink as they dry. Drying the... | Chemistry |
how do the servers know a game is pirated, like if you had a pirated copy of C.O.D what happen s to stop you playing online? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Old games used to just want to connect so servers would let them play. Now a days with faster connection, the first message your game sends to the server is the exact version of the game and the serial number of the copy and a signature of all the parts of the computer(processor, Ram, graphics card, sound card ect) and... | Technology |
How can restaurants have so many different dishes available and ready in such a small time, while not wasting much food? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The biggest thing is knowing your averages for a night and doing The prep accordingly. So Friday and Saturday nights are generally your biggest. On average you sell this many chicken snitz, this many steaks, this many stews, this many lamb cutlets, we go through this much mash and this much salad etc. The cooks will co... | Economics |
how does the first kernel of popcorn to pop not burn by the time the last kernel pops? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Several factors play into this. * Generally popped kernels will burn - but not instantly. There's a bit of time/wiggle room. * If you make it in a pan, the heavier, unpopped kernels will be at the bottom, while the lighter, popped ones will be on top, where less heat is. * A microwave heats the water contained in foods... | Chemistry |
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