question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How share dividends constantly pay out money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you own shares, you own a piece of the company. You are therefore entitled to a piece of the company’s profits. Your share of the profits is proportional to the share of the company you own. If you own 1% of a company’s shares, you will get 1% of its profits. Dividends are your share of the profits, paid out at re... | Economics |
If calories are a form of measuring energy, how does eating too many calories translate to weight gain over time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Calories are burned for energy. Think of it less like energy and more like fuel. Fuel has to be stored when its not in use. Calories are stored as fat for later when its not needed right now. So imagine fat as a wearhouse full of 50 gallon drums of fuel. If you est more than you burn, your body throws it in a drum and ... | Biology |
Why do different brands of water taste different? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Drinking water has some level of salts and minerals dissolved in it that give it a flavor. Tap water from different locations will taste different, as will different brands of bottled water, because they have a different concoction of trace minerals in the water. Pure H2O like distilled water tastes terrible. | Chemistry |
Why does leaving something in the sun fade the color? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why does leaving something out in the open dull the color? What is that darned sun up to? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_3 comments_) 1. [ELI5 why Colors Fade in sunlight? What actually happens to the color? Does it dissipate into the air somehow? ]( URL_5 ... | Chemistry |
Why is ice so slippery? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | According to live science: > A century and a half of scientific inquiry has yet to determine why ice can make you fall down. Scientists agree that a thin layer of liquid water on top of solid ice causes its slipperiness, and that a fluid's mobility makes it difficult to walk on, even if the layer is thin. But there's n... | Chemistry |
Why does music give you more energy/stamina when exercising? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Research on this subject began in 1911 when a researcher named Leonard Ayres found that cyclists pedaled faster while a band was playing than when it was silent. Two of the most important qualities of workout music are tempo—or speed—and what psychologists call rhythm response, which is more or less how much a song mak... | Biology |
Are we able to make edible products from the sap of trees other than the maple tree? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes! Birch sap is probably the most popular, used to make birch beer and other drinks. You can also make a wintergreen-like candy out of it. The resin or sap of pine trees can be chewed like a gum, or mixed with water for a pine-y tea. Many other trees produce edible sap, like sycamore or walnut, which can be boiled in... | Biology |
How can we possibly even consider space travel when small rocks travelling through space will surely smash into the transport vehicle? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The density of debris in space is *incredibly* low. Most things sent through space don't collide with anything, and won't collide with anything for thousands of years. Nevertheless, engineers have been designing shields that would be effective against the most likely kinds of (rare) debris: bits the size of sand grains... | Other |
What does "±" symbol mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It basically means "plus or minus". In this context, it looks like they're using it to mean "approximately" as in "give or take a couple years". Under more typical circumstances though, it would be used to indicate a range. For example, if it said 16±2 years, then it could mean anywhere between 14 and 18 years of educa... | Mathematics |
How did the US lose Vietnam War despite winning the more challenging and more dangerous World War II? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The *form* of warfare was different. It wasn't just two countries fighting each other directly, attempting to defeat the enemy forces and occupy territory. In Vietnam, the war was mainly fought over control of *South Vietnam*. North Vietnam was attempting to annex control over South Vietnam, and was using a combination... | Other |
How much "power" does Jared Kushner actually have? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Presidents have an unimaginably wide range of responsibilities. They can't possibly attend to every one at once, so they have to choose which ones they want to focus on and which ones to delegate to their advisors and cabinet. To answer your question, Kushner has as much power as President Trump delegates to him. | Other |
what’s the difference between a virus and a bacteria ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A bacteria is a living, breathing thing. It eats, it reacts, it wiggles around, it makes babies. It's the crudest form of life - a single cell with only the most basic functions - but it is alive. A virus is more sinister. A protein and gene sequence shell that has a single purpose: hijack a cell and order it to make c... | Biology |
What is the purpose of mutual funds? How do they work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you have some extra money lying around. You don't really know what to do with it right now, but you would like to do something productive with that money so that in the end you have some more money. That's the main idea of investing. However, you don't know where to put that money where it could make more money... | Other |
Where do maggots actually come from? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Maggots come from fly eggs. In your particular case, I see two possibilities for how the eggs got on the chicken. I’m a little unclear from your post if you finished cooking the chicken or not. If you didn’t, the possibilities are: one, either flies landed on the chicken and laid eggs while it was still being packaged,... | Biology |
how does gravity effect the amount of pain from falling. For example, how much less would it hurt to fall off a 20ft object while on the moon compared to falling from the same height on earth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, it's not the fall that gets you, it's the sudden stop at the end. On earth, objects accelerate "downwards" (that is, towards the earth) at about 9.8 meters per second per second. Called acceleration due to gravity. On the moon, acceleration due to gravity is about 1.6 m/s/s. So a fall on earth will get you to dan... | Physics |
How much coffee would I need to make a lethal cup of coffee? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | * The LD50 of caffeine is 192 mg/kg. * An average cup of coffee has vaguely around 100 mg of caffeine. * Worldwide average body weight is 62.0 kg. * It would take 192 \* 62 = 11904 mg of caffeine to be lethal to 50% of people with average body weight. * It would take 11904 / 100 = **119 cups of coffee** to consume that... | Chemistry |
How do bullets go out of the barrel without destroying the gun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Something nobody has mentioned yet is that bullets are generally made of a much softer metal than the barrel. The barrel is steel (very hard), and the bullet is lead, which is extremely soft. It may be jacketed with a copper alloy, but those are also much softer than steel. A soft metal has a lot of trouble damaging a ... | Other |
Are all plants fermentable? Why can rye be distilled into drinkable alcohol, but a bell pepper can not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fermentation is the process of converting carbohydrates (usually simple carbs) into other substances such as ethanol (drinking alcohol) through means of a fungus (yeast) or bacteria. You absolutely can ferment a bell pepper... There's just not that much fermentable sugars in a bell pepper as compared to other carb-heav... | Chemistry |
Why are the life spans of different animals so varied (how do some live to be so old?) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Short lifespans are beneficial for the survival of a species as it allows that species to adapt through evolution much more quickly than a longer lived species. Longer lifespans can be beneficial in other ways, for survival strategies that require the extra time such as growing a large, multi-cellular body rather than ... | Biology |
How do German taxi drivers afford luxury cars, like Mercedes and Audis? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They are a lot cheaper when you don’t have to ship them halfway across the world. A lot of US military personal also buy them when they get stationed over there because they are so cheap, and also the military will pay to have them shipped back here when they switch duty stations. | Economics |
why are wrecks so mesmerizing for drivers to look at? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't think it is a sense of pleasure, but more an intense curiosity. Seeing the level of damage caused is very relatable to a driver, because we could all be in an accident. And then there are other reasons to slow down - to reduce risk from running over debris, to avoid sending high speed pebbles/stones at anyone i... | Psychology |
How do the time zones work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's an effort to standardize time across the globe. This youtube video goes over it -- > URL_0 To address the jumping days part, yes and no, time will be consistent for you however the localized time will be contrary to your circadian rhythms which can throw you off. If you're on a plane for 12 hours you still have ex... | Earth Science |
Why is the same exact text message sometimes received twice when only sent once? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Phone: Please send this message and let me know that it's sent. Provider: I got the messag- a... it... ...ved. Phone: It's not properly sent? Let me send it again. Provider: It has been received! I got the message and it has been received! Phone: Two confirmations? I only care about one of them. Message sent. If there'... | Technology |
Why is share price of Mask-makers like Honeywell ($HON) and 3M ($MMM) falling despite the dramatic increase in demand ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because masks only make up a pretty small portion of what they do and they're not a huge money maker. It's like if you had an Etsy shop as a side gig that made homemade clothes and you started making reusable cloth masks. Demand is definitely there, but say you could only make 20 a day and sell them for a net profit of... | Economics |
How and why people develop irrational fears and phobias? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Phobias are the typical example of the manner in which the brain exhibits a One Time Learning or a Single Type Generalisation. Usually, it takes a minimum of 3 experiences to generalise for the brain to learn. Fear is something which is essential for survival. Fear protects us. However, with fear, the brain responds co... | Other |
Why are so many archeological discoveries found buried under ground? I just read a post about obstacles with expanding the subways in Rome due to finding ruins, and I understand finds buried like Pompeii. How do these sites get covered over so deeply? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If an area sediments at the rate of 1/8th of an inch per year (from dust and wind blown sand, soil, fallen leaves forming mulch, etc.), after a century, it's buried under a foot of new soil. After a thousand years, it's 10 feet deep. Rome was founded more than 2.5 centuries ago and there were settlements in the area th... | Earth Science |
If fruit juice is highly acidic, and the acid in citrus fruits (citric acid) is used as a preservative, why does freshly-squeezed citrus juice only last a couple of days in the fridge? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's the oxygen present that allows microbes to metabolise the contents of the juice. Citric acid is a useful preservative in food packaged with minimal oxygen, but it's pretty ineffective when there's a good supply of oxygen. That's why things spoil quicker once the packaging has been opened. It's not really to do wit... | Chemistry |
Why did most African colonies fail to make a profit and why would Europeans keep them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s hard to generate profit when dealing with income from very physically diverse locations. But they provided tactical resources that themselves were worth it (rubber, gold, slaves, etc). And it was a situation that if you didn’t have the land then another power would take it - and as a European nation you’d be worse... | Economics |
why do alcoholic drinks taste better aged? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Vodka is not an aged drink. Wine gains flavor from allowing the organic molecules react over time. They form different, more subtle flavors as they age. Whiskey is much more alcoholic, and aging alone doesn't do much. However, they're aged in wood barrels (depends on type of whiskey to determine age and barrel types), ... | Chemistry |
How come that Americans can reclaim the VAT after buying something in Europe and not vice versa? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | VAT set by the EU regulations is not something that the US has agreed to, nor something that they benefit from as they are for running the EU. As such many of them can be reclaimed by any non-EU citizen, not just US citizens. The US on the other hand has no VAT system. Instead we have a sales tax system that cares abou... | Economics |
How does a refrigerator work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Expanding gas cools as it expands. First law of thermodynamics. Inside a refrigerator is a reservoir of refrigerant. This is a gas that is compressed into a liquid, as a liquid is a good way of storing a large volume of gas. The system allows the liquid to slowly bleed out of the reservoir. Where it expands rapidly int... | Technology |
What is credit card debt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Credit cards are basically banks agreeing to loan you money, pre-approved up to a limit, with the expectation that you will pay them back. If you don't pay them back, in full, by the due date (around one month from when you borrow the money), they charge a fee for the inconvenience (interest). At the same time, as long... | Economics |
How is that we can explore space and other galaxies but haven’t explored all of our oceans yet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We have not explored "other galaxies". We have sent one probe to Pluto, it took pictures of one side of that planet (I'm not IAU compliant). We've explored some of all the oceans, mostly the top part. The bottom part is hard to get too and mostly boring. Nobody with the money wants to spend it on boring deeps. | Technology |
Whats the difference between stock and stock options? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you own stock you own shares of the company that issued it. An option is a contractual obligation that lets you purchase a certain number of share of stock of the company at a fixed price (the "strike price") for a certain period of time. For instance, say the stock of your employer's company is trading for $10 a ... | Economics |
Why do people with arthritis experience worse symptoms when it rains? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | At standard air pressure, your body is being pressed in on all sides by 6.7kg per square inch. Rain is usually preceded by a drop in air pressure. For the average person, this drop is not an issue - we've had millions of years of experience with it - but if you have inflamed tissue, like you get with arthritis, it is p... | Biology |
Why are many historical remains of humans and pre-humans found in their homes? Wouldn’t this be massively inconvenient for anyone who lived there? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Many ancient cultures would entomb (parts of) their dead in their own homes in the context of religious ancestor worship. Simply put, they believed the spirits of the deceased would watch over them and their families so long as their remains stay with the family. Mind you, this does not mean the decaying corpse was jus... | Other |
How do heat sinking missles work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are sensor(s) on the head/tip of the missile (commonly called the "[seeker]( URL_0 )") are designed to see, analyze, and focus on very specific heat and light signatures of jet engines (or lets just say, "bad guys" because its a lot more complicated than just jet engines). See that glass looking dome? Yeah its in... | Technology |
How are "weed killer" sprays able to destroy weeds, without damaging surrounding grass or plants? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I've searched tha seven seas fer an answer. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How does weed killer destroy weeds and not my grass? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_6 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How does weed killer 'know' to kill weeds and leave everything else alone? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_5 comments_) 1. [ELI5:How d... | Chemistry |
Why are you more likely to get tan or sunburnt when you go swimming? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What actually gives you sunburn is the UV rays from sunlight. Most glass absorbs most UV rays, so you're much less likely to get sunburned behind glass for example. When you go swimming you're more likely to get sunburned because water reflects UV rays. As a result, you basically get a double dose of UV radiation when ... | Other |
Why are our bodies so susceptible to tiny amounts of medicine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | ELI5: Because particles are really really really tiny so they can spread out over your body, like how a really small amount of food colouring can make a large glass of water a completely different colour. ELI13: Let's use aspirin for example. A 75mg pill of aspirin contains about 250,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules o... | Biology |
How are flavors like Stinky Socks abled to be emulated in Bean Boozled jellybeans? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Chemical analysis. Scientists wear socks for a few days, put them In a plastic bag so they get real ripe, then run them through a gas comatagraph (i think, not sure thats the right machine), amd use the chemical signature to create the flavor. Or at least so says the podcast 'No Such Thing as a Fish' from URL_0 | Chemistry |
How/why are borders between countries so specific? What factors come into play when establishing borders? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Generally borders are defined by treaty. So countries send negotiating teams to work out exactly where their borders are, and there are very often conflicts. A great many wars have been fought over exactly where the line should be drawn. Whether Alsace is in France or Germany might be the deadliest argument in human hi... | Other |
Why did the Apollo rockets need to be so big? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can launch a small rocket into orbit with a proportionally small payload, but your payload is always a fixed percentage of the rocket. The mass of the payload and rocket structure vs the mass of the propellants used is called the "payload fraction" of the rocket and is usually 2-4% If you want to lift a 1.4 kg Cube... | Other |
Why when a bike is being used consistently, the tires won't get flat, but when a bike is not being used for the same amount of time, the tires will get flat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's to do with the way the air gets in. The valve you use to inflate it has a return valve to keep it in. A bike you use has your weight on it so the valve locks tighter because the pressure is higher. An unused bike let's more air escape because the pressure keeping it tight is not enough for a 100% or close to it se... | Physics |
Why do Alphabet Class C shares have any value whatsoever? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The value of shares mostly does not come from the ability to vote. It mostly comes from the prospect of getting a share of the company's profits. When Alphabet pays a dividend (this hasn't happened yet), it will be distributed regardless of share class. So if the holders of class A and B shares decide to vote themselve... | Economics |
Why do toddlers love to hand you things? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The theory is yes, they get a predictable result (Oh THANK YOU!!!) for an easy action. It's very rewarding in a world that isn't very predictable for them yet, especially when they're experimenting and you keep telling them "NO don't climb on that, you'll hurt yourself!" OK, let me try giving them this block... Oh THAN... | Biology |
How do credit cards work and how do you build credit with one? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You charge things to the card during the month. At the end of the month the bill comes. There will be a minimum amount due to keep the account in good standing. If you don't pay the full amount, you will be charged interest on the remaining balance. You can pay it off fully and still build credit. | Other |
How come when someone tries to open a car door at the same time that someone unlocks the door, it won't open/unlock? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Does not happen in modern cars. There's a latchkey in older cars that, if you tension the door lock wire at the wrong time, will cause it to go flaccid - which will result in the door lock not opening. So you press the lock button, it tenses an actual wire, and if the door handle is opened at that exact moment it can't... | Technology |
How does US healthcare system work and why is any service so pricey? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The US healthcare system is primarily made up of private providers (doctors, hospitals, etc.) and private insurers. The main idea is that you purchase health insurance with a monthly payment, and if you ever need healthcare, your insurance company will pay for some or all of it. That's not an obviously bad system. Lots... | Other |
why is it ok to shake spray deodorant but no canned air? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Normal aerosol cans contain both the desired product (deodorant, paint, etc.) and a pressurised gas that acts as a propellant. If you let the cans sit for a while, these two things will separate out, and if you press the nozzle you'll just get a blast of mostly propellant. You have to shake these cans to mix them toget... | Chemistry |
Why do fish have flesh that is layered and flaky whereas land animals such as cows and chickens have stringy flesh that only goes in one direction? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The answer is in how fish have their muscle fibers arranged. Our muscles and the muscles of other terrestrial vertebrates are arranged in long bundles. Fish muscles are short and are arranged in layers called myomeres. These myomeres are separated from each other by sheets of connective tissue that's mostly collagen. T... | Biology |
How do radio antennas work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Antennas are an interesting exception to the "it has to be a closed circuit" rule. Radio waves are oscillations in the electric field(*). The field pushes electrons back and forth inside the antenna. If electrons are being pushed toward the tip of the antenna, without a closed circuit, they can't keep going that way, b... | Physics |
Can I safely get rid of mouldy food by burying it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes... but you can also just throw it in the trash. Try not to eat it but other than that you don’t really need to go all out. Also, letting the container sit in some boiling water and bleach will sterilize it if you don’t actually want to throw it way. | Biology |
Why are some bodies of water (lakes, parts of rivers, sections of the ocean) strikingly blue when water is normally clear? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The minerals in different bodies of water vary and also the blue tint varies with the amount, imagine you’ve got a clear sheet of plastic with a 1% blue tint so it looks clear until you put it against a white tile or something. Now imagine you’ve got 100 of those sheets and if you stack them together and look through e... | Chemistry |
Cutting disks are so brittle they can be broken by hand, yet when they are spinning fast enough they can cut through steel. How is this possible? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cutting disks are made out of ceramic materials. Bricks are a type of ceramic material as well. Ceramics are strong in compression, but weak in tension. As an example, you could put a lot of weight on top of a brick, like other the other bricks above it in a brick building, and it won't crush. But you can tap a hammer ... | Physics |
Why is it that the wooden tray we use to cook pizza with doesn’t burn inside the oven? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You don't cook pizza on wood. You either cook them on a pizza stone or you cook them on a pan. You move the pizza about with a large wooden paddle in some forms of cooking and it does not burn because it is not in the oven long enough to catch fire. | Chemistry |
Why does wool keep you warm when it’s wet but cotton doesn’t? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The shape of wool fibrils creates air pockets in the large- scale structure of the fabric even when the fibers are wet. And the structure of the fibers allows for then to get wet, but the moisture is wicked to the center of each fiber, so the surface stays drier than the equivalent area of a cotton fiber. These pockets... | Biology |
When we drink more fluids than we need, the body simply excretes it, but extra food is stored. Why isn't the excess passed like fluids? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fluids that contain calories *are* stored as excess energy, i.e. body fat. Water is excreted because it contains no calories, but something like, milk or soda would compromise your body composition should you drink too much of it. Heck, you always hear that too much beer can make you fat, well its true. If some smart c... | Biology |
How do you lose memories when you get older? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The basic ELI5 for this is simple That every time you remember something, you´re not remembering the original memory, but the last time you remembered the memory, so the memory deforms with time. This allows memories to change with time, be forgotten and even distorted with external feedback (see the Mandela effect) | Biology |
What repels electrons from the nucleus? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The electron is definitely pulled toward the nucleus, but the closer it gets the faster it moves. The trick is that the electron gets faster *fast enough* that it doesn't really get a chance to interact with the protons in the nucleus. There's a sweet spot a little ways out where it's *much* more likely to be found. Th... | Physics |
Why does the world economy tank when oil prices goes down? Should it not go up as more people willbe able to travel more, products involving oil, like plastics should become cheaper, so should airtravel, shipping etc. So why does the world economy rumble when oil prices does the same? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Oil prices rise when economic output is strong. When business aren’t producing as much across the whole world then they don’t need to buy as much oil. That means that the oil that has already been produced doesn’t sell so the price lowers. So a low price for oil is sometimes related to a low demand for oil which is due... | Economics |
What makes a mass poll reputable? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's a question of which people you poll. There is a population, all the people in the country, and there is statistic that measures their distribution on a question, like who to vote for the leader of government. One way to measure this statistic would be to ask everybody. This has perfect confidence but it costs a lo... | Mathematics |
Can someone explain why universal healthcare in America is a good economic idea without bias? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Completely ignoring any moral arguments, remember that it's the law that emergency rooms must take anyone who walks through their door, no matter their ability to pay. That has a lot to do with the economics of it. The main economic argument in favor of universal healthcare is summed up by that old axiom "an ounce of p... | Economics |
Why does freshly squeezed orange juice taste so different from orange juice in a carton? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The process of making mass produced orange juice, no matter the brand or what advertising says, is one im afraid you may not want to know. Basically what it comes down to is large amounts of orange juice is stored in large vats for up to a year or more, which causes it to lose both color and flavor. By the time its rea... | Chemistry |
On a harmonica, some "draw" notes can be "bent" to lower notes, while other "draw" notes can't. What makes these notes different? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Notes on the harmonica can be bent to any note between the pitches of the two reeds in the chamber in question. On a standard, richter-tuned 10-hole harp, the lowest 6 holes have draw notes pitched higher than blow notes, so we bend on these holes by drawing notes down. The pattern reverses on holes 7-10, so we bend th... | Physics |
Why does taking a photo of a screen cause lines to appear? Why do these lines change as I zoom in on the picture? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They're called Moiré patterns URL_0 It's caued by the interferance pattern between the pixel grid in your camera's sensor, the pixel grid on the screen your photographing and the pixel grid on your phone's screen (which is why they change when you zoom) If you take a picture of window screen or other regular square pat... | Technology |
When Ghengis Khan famously salted the earth of conquered peoples, are there still areas affected by that today? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Salting the earth was more of a symbolic/ritual thing, rather than something to make a place literally unable to grow stuff. To do that would take more salt than the people back then could get. Even now it's going to be really expensive, plus it would wash away quickly anyway. Rather they were saying that they were lay... | Other |
On an atomic level, what is physically happening when an object/ substance 'absorbs' light or certain colors of light? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Atoms and molecules vibrate (or resonate) at certain frequencies. When photons interact with matter, their energy transfers to the matter by causing the atoms and molecules to vibrate. Matter re-emits some of this energy at its resonant frequency (or frequencies). Most matter resonates at infrared frequencies (heat), i... | Physics |
What’s the difference between Clairified butter, regular butter, and brown butter? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you take a pound of butter— just normal butter from the store— and melt it over very low heat, it'll split into two major parts: the fat part and the water part. The fat part, which is about eighty percent of the butter, it pretty clear while it's liquid, just a little yellowish. The water part is cloudy, with some ... | Other |
why there is no antigravitation as there seems to be an opposite of every other force? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > To rephrase, I read that there are two opposing forces for every physically phenomenon, such as acceleration, magnetism and so on, but gravity is always attractive. I think you are confusing Newtons Third Law. The law states: > When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a for... | Physics |
Why does it take so much speed to go into outer space? Could we just build a elevator out of steel cables and pull ourselves to space? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes. The notion of building a space elevator has been around since the pulp science fiction of the 40s. Problem is the material science hasn't been there. So lets suppose you want to want to build a space elevator. You need a space station at the other end to anchor the cable. No problem, we know how to do that, even g... | Physics |
What happens in the shower that makes us have "shower thoughts"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | you have been showering for you whole life daily. So all the routine actions have become muscle memory. This leaves a significant amount of brain power in idle, making you bored. Think this of like going to home from school or walking from one room in your home to another. You would have done it so many times that your... | Biology |
Does the cliche "Don't talk, save your strength" have any actual merit to it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Talking demands particular breathing patterns. Physical exertion requires different ones. If you talk while trying to engage in physical activity you won't take in enough oxygen and you won't be able to do the activity as well. Furthermore, humans are terrible at multitasking. Talking distracts you from whatever else y... | Biology |
Why does the placebo effect work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not fully understood. Do you want your mind blown? The placebo effect still works even if you know it's a placebo. It's not going to work in all cases. Like no placebo is going to fix your broken arm, so it's not this magic thing. We probably can't discount the mental state with this. Example: There are a lot of w... | Biology |
what causes people to pass out from “gross” things? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cerebral hypoxia - low oxygen in the brain. Passing out is your brain's sure-fire way of restoring blood/oxygen flow to the body's most important organ (the brain). By passing out, you're now lying flat, making the heart's job of pumping blood to the brain a whole lot easier. Gross things have a cardiac impact as well ... | Biology |
how does half sodium salt work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's something that is trying to approximate the taste of salt, but has less sodium chloride in it. The LoSalt product uses potassium chloride. Potassium is right below sodium on the periodic table of elements, so it will bond to chlorine in the same way. It has a salt like taste, but no sodium. | Chemistry |
Why does phone signal vary while in the same spot without an apparent change in weather? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Carriers use multiple frequencies called bands. For example Verizon uses Bands 2, 4, and 13, and 66 on some devices. 13: basic bitch, slow, but covers great distance 2: high speed, but not so good indoors 4: a lamer version of 2 Cell tower load changes constantly, so you may get switched to a different band or a differ... | Physics |
What is bounded rationality as it relates to behavioral economics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Let's say that I'm trying to get to a bar downtown to meet my friends. I can get in my car and drive down there, call a cab, ping an uber, or just hop on my bike. I'm a rational person, so I weigh my options. I know that parking isn't great, so I rule out driving my own car. Cabs aren't common in my neighborhood, so I ... | Mathematics |
Why can the POTUS repeatedly call media outlets, such as CNN and MSNBC, 'fake' without getting sued for slander? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is really hard to sue the president for anything. The sense behind this law is so his political enemies can't just tie him down with lawsuits. For serious things the president can be impeached but that is a major political event. The system assumed presidents would be sensible adults. This may have been misguided. | Other |
why does/did Island giganticism occur? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s one factor of “island effect” which is basically where small species grow larger (like the examples you mentioned) and large species grow smaller (Key deer, Homo florensiensis, etc). Island gigantism can happen because despite there being less resources, there’s also less predators. Species are often small because... | Biology |
why do all your joints ache when you have an infection? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you have an infection, your body fires up an immune response. Think of your body's immune response as the SWAT team. When you first get infected, a minor response is made by the body.. cops are called essentially. 8/10 times Cops get the job done. Sometimes, the cops are not equipped well enough, so SWAT is called... | Biology |
How is Earth's electromagnetic field created? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To check for a magnetic field buy a compass. Or you can do the stroke a needle and float it trick. The Earth has a lot of iron in it. Iron is a ferromagnetic substance. That means iron is magnetic. The Earth is molten inside. We check that by observing volcanos, measuring increasing temperatures deep in wells and mines... | Physics |
Why does the infinite monkey theorem guarantee every possibility? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The issue you're having here is in understanding the concept of infinity. Infinity is not just a really big number. It is endless, without borders, never stopping. Given an infinite amount of time in your monkey scenario not just Shakespeare would get written, but literally every possible combination of letters, spaces... | Mathematics |
How long can a country go with a budget deficit? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In theory, as long as their economy is still growing and the deficit isn't too large, it could continue forever. The size of governmental debt is generally considered relative to GDP in order to evaluate its magnitude, and some countries have maintained debts in the 60-100% of GDP level for decades without problems. If... | Economics |
Why do rainbows appear in the same color order? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Rainbows happen when light gets split from pure white light (sunlight), into the colours that make up white (exactly like using a prism). The longer light, bends more than the shorter light. So you see the colours in the order of wavelength. Rainbows always happen when the sun is above, and behind you. (At 72 degrees).... | Physics |
Where does the eletricity stored in cables goes when we turn everything off? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Electricity shouldn't be thought of as a bucket of water which we feed through a hose to a pool. In that analogy, then yeah when you pull the hose out of the pool, there's a bunch of water still in the hose that spills out onto the grass. But that's not how electricity works. It's better to think of it like a treadmill... | Physics |
What is the order of shutting down a computer/laptop? Which hardware pieces are shut down first, and last? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The purpose of a proper shutdown is to save data in applications and services to disk to prevent data corruption and data loss. As well as to cleanup logs and temporary data. This way digital garbage data (left-overs from a running application) isn't left lying about on your computer taking up space or potentially caus... | Technology |
How does drinking beer make us fat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The liquid you're drinking has calories in it, a lot more than you realize. According to Google, a can of beer has 154 calories. 6 of those would be 924 calories, which is over a third of the daily recommended caloric intake. Of course, taking in more calories than you burn will cause you to get fat. Edit: noticed that... | Biology |
How is pi calculated? Does someone just measure the diameter and circumference of a circle as exactly as possible, and then do the math? Also, how do we know for certain that pi goes on forever, instead of just not ending somewhere we haven't figured out yet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can approximate pi by drawing a circle (with a compass) and measuring its circumference (say, with a piece of string). This gives a rough estimate. For more precision, you can use some math. There are several (infinite) series that give pi exactly, or if you compute them for a finite number of steps you can get wha... | Mathematics |
When driving up a mountain pressure builds up in your ears, explain why swallowing relieves this pressure? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s not actually swallowing that does it, but rather the use of some select muscles that allow for the relief of pressure behind the ears. There is a small tube called the Eustachian tube that helps to regulate air pressure behind the eardrum. When you experience rapid elevation gains into lower air pressure (or vice-... | Biology |
how does uv light clean stuff? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't clean stuff, but it kills. Specifically it kills microorganism. The microorganism ar actually what we worry the most about when we worry about stuff being dirty. Dirt doesn't make you sick. Bacteria do and UV-light can kill bacteria. This technology is used to for example make water safer to drink. It works ... | Chemistry |
What is a moment generating function, and why do they matter in statistics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Great question, and a really fun one at that. This is hard to ELI5, and I'm gonna assume a baseline knowledge of calculus, since it's really really hard to explain without it. However, I'll include a tl;dr at the end for anyone who wants to skip the details. **First I will explain the idea of a moment** Let's start wit... | Mathematics |
why is it essential for people in critical state to stay awake and conscious? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The main reason is that unconscious people cannot convey changes in their mental state. Head impacts are the classic example where a brain bleed can be very quickly fatal but can also be diagnosed by changes in how they respond to questioning or stimulus. If they are unconscious they can’t provide that feedback. Beyond... | Biology |
Where did the term "horsepower" come from if a horse is capable of a maximum of about 14.9 horsepower? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One horsepower is how much a horse can average over a day. Before steam power became a thing if you wanted to run a piece of equipment for a long time (like say if you wanted to run a pump to remove water from a mine) you might hook a horse up to a device known as a "Whim", which was basically a big wheel that the hors... | Physics |
Everyday we breathe CO2, and it's everywhere on our lives, but if you take away an Oxygen molecule and get CO, it becomes poisonous (Carbon Monoxide). Why is this? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The reason why Carbon monoxide is dangerous is because it has a strong binding affinity to hemoglobine - the molecule that binds and transports oxygen through our blood. In fact, the affinity with Carbon monoxide is higher than oxygen. So what will happen is that your bloodcells will take up carbon monoxide in the lung... | Chemistry |
Why can’t video games make walking/running look realistic? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A lot of movement animation is captured live with peoples' actual body movements ([Example]( URL_0 )) and then these are applied to the character's animation when moving in-game. The problem comes because many states/actions can make the player run faster/slower (such as sprinting vs. walking, as well as changing direc... | Technology |
What is the Pareto distribution? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Very basically, most of the work in a group is done by a small amount of people in that group. You'll hear the 80/20 principle which means that 80% of of the work comes from 20% of the people. If you think about your workplace or school projects, there are a few individuals 20% that perform and complete most of the tas... | Mathematics |
What is chapter 11 bankruptcy and how and why would it help Toy "R" Us? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Bankruptcy: You owe so much money that you can't possibly pay it all. Imagine you own a company that's not doing well. It now owes a total of $1 million to various people: rent, electricity, suppliers, employees, clients you've not delivered product to. Chapter 7 bankruptcy: Everything the company has gets sold, and th... | Economics |
How do toddlers eat so much and where does it go? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They use the materials in food to make them grow, and as fuel for their fast metabolisms. Food is essentially comprised out of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen (with some more things, of course): exactly the same stuff we're made out of, so it can be used to make more cells of ours. Also, the smaller a mammal is, ... | Biology |
We often see animals "adopting" and feeding babies from other species. How come the babies don't die from "malnutrition"? Is the milk of any mammal suitable for any other mammal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Technically milk from any mammal is not the same for any mammal, as cow and goat milk is not enough to sustain a newborn baby. I believe it varies between humans and animals. Human breastmilk is designed for humans and humans alone. Maybe animal milk is more universal and made up of the same basic proteins so that anim... | Biology |
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