question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How does country debt work if the country prints its own currency (ex USA). Why are people so concerned about it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Inventing more currency to pay off debt is one way to get rid of it, but doing that can seriously devalue the currency. Because, in very general terms, the more of something there is on the market, the less it is worth. Creating a few trillion extra dollars makes all the dollars in circulation worth less. Mostly people... | Economics |
does gargling mouth wash actually do anything? What's the best way to keep your teeth clean (beyond brushing)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It does, it has antibacterial properties as well as forming a sort of protective coating on the tooth surface that prevets plaque buildup. It also reaches places where the toothbrush struggles. Other than that you should also floss as that removes debris between the teeth that are otherwise hard to reach. | Other |
What is the Atwood machine good for? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When students are learning physics, they tend to use simplifications such as frictionless machines. That makes experiments difficult, as we don't have frictionless machines. The goal of experiments is to give students something real-world to work with, to increase engagement. Atwood's machine can be made relatively fri... | Physics |
Why does balding occur primarily on the head in comparison to other parts of the body? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are three different types of hair on the human body. The fine short hair all around the body except the palms, bottom of feet, back of ears and eyelids is called vellus. There is terminal hair that grows during and after puberty. It includes facial hair, leg hair, arm hair, feet hair and etc. Then there is head h... | Biology |
What is the meaning of a negative wave function in physics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The wavefunction is a complex-valued field - as such it has two components (real and imaginary), and both can be either positive or negative, at every point in space. The value of the wavefunction doesn't have any physical significance in and of itself, but its [absolute value]( URL_0 ) squared is the probability densi... | Physics |
What is counterparty risk in crypto/stocks? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The counterparty risk is the likelihood that other party to the transaction (ie the counterparty) does not fulfil their end of the transaction. If you're buying then it is mostly the risk that they don't have the goods that they offered to sell. If you're selling, then it is the risk that they don't have the cash to go... | Economics |
Why do movies/TV shows show credits both at the start and end of said show/movie? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It used to be that all the credits were shown at the start of a movie but who wants to sit through 20 minutes of credits before the movie starts? So nowadays generally only the big names get credited at the start and everyone else at the end. I believe George Lucas paid a fine to one of the guilds he belonged to when h... | Technology |
How (or why) does water form such neat, organized ribbon formations when poured from a container? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Simplest answer, water is an extremely polar molecule, and as such has very high surface tension, which is what allows it to “stick together” at the molecular level to form the ribbon look. There’s way more too the interactions than that, but for an ELI5 answer, that’s the best I’ve got | Physics |
Why are game updates so big when the code is probably just a few hundered MB? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > Why is Fallout 76's day one update 51GB? Because Bethesda screwed up, same reason their beta had people clicking the play button in the launcher and the whole game deleted itself. Fallout 76 is a bad reference Normally large patches come with new models and textures, these are the largest parts of a game. If you want... | Technology |
If cochlear implants communicate directly with the brain using electrical signals to fix deafness, why can we not yet use the same principle to correct blindness, or even possibly create virtual reality capable of full cognitive immersion? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The ear basically transmits information to the auditory nerve and then the brain deals with processing the information it receives. The eye has a lot more "pre-processing" before any information gets to the brain. Networks of neurons within the eye process information to a certain extent before this information is sent... | Technology |
What exactly is Iambic Pentameter and how does it work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Normally when you speak, your voice rises up and down, and you put emphasis on certain syllables. Notice how when you speak certain sentences, there is some rhythm to the words: for example, when I say "I'll meet him at the stairs before the gate", there's a stress on every second syllable - "I'll **meet** him **at** t... | Other |
How is mathematical research done? Is it just putting equations together until you get something new? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sometimes yes. Sometimes it's not an equation or formula at all. Math is a big field with lots of different areas and how you approach a problem in one area can vary wildly from how you approach a problem in a different area. Here's an example of a problem that isn't an equation: Are there more real numbers than counti... | Mathematics |
Why aren't decentralized "Internets" popular? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They have a lot of problems. For example you would need some path to whatever physical server you want to reach and that generally means you would need an unbroken chain of WiFi routers. That simply doesn't exist in most cases; perhaps within a dense city but there is a lot you want to access elsewhere. Another problem... | Technology |
why can BMX/MTB riders(some pros) take 10+ meter drops and not get injured whatsoever when they land it but if you would jump the same height you would most likely get some kind of injury? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is because they land on slopes rather than flat surfaces. The same applies to skiers/snowboarders. The slope allows them to partially absorb the landing impact and convert it to speed rather than compression. This is why terrain park jumps have steeply sloped landing areas or drops that are equal or greater than t... | Physics |
How do Incentive Stock Options (ISOs) work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | ISOs are like coupons to be used to pay for discounted shares of stock. Let's say the current stock price is $10 and your ISO discount or strike price is $5. When you exercise an option, you pay $5 to get something that is worth $10. If you sell it immediately, you get your $5 invested and $5 profit. However, that $5 p... | Economics |
How do chlorofluorocarbons create holes in the atmosphere? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When UV hits a CFC molecule, the chlorine atom is separated from the molecule. This atom interacts with ozone (O3) molecules and strips off an oxygen atom to form ClO + O2. Free oxygen atom interacts with ClO to form a more stable O2 + Cl. The chlorine atom continues this process of splitting ozone molecules several mo... | Chemistry |
Why are professional video cameras so much larger than professional photography cameras? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think the question you're trying to ask is why professional movie cameras are much larger compared to a professional still camera (for example a DSLR)? A few factors: - Image sensor/film size. A larger sensor or film format will require a larger unit and a larger set of lenses. Note that both still and video cameras ... | Technology |
Why do mostquestions seem to get answered? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most ELI5 questions are honestly LMGTFY territory. Much of the rest is stuff that a lot of people know off hand. Only a slim minority are really in depth questions requiring deep knowledge of the subject to answer. To be blunt, if you're in a position where you're asking a question so in depth you need an answer from a... | Other |
What do doctors actually do to treat a heart attack patient? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | MONA BASH In the acute stabilization of a heart attack (aka acute myocardial infarction or AMI) -M: Morphine - pain control reduces the stress on the heart (myocardial demand) -O: Oxygen - AMI is heart death due to lack of oxygen, maximize the patient's blood saturation of oxygen to get as much through to the tissue as... | Biology |
how does my walmart account know what I bought in-store if I never uploaded the receipt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If your debit card is the sole piece of identification that links you to the purchase, then yes - Walmart is able to track the purchases you make using that card. You probably agreed to let them do that in the T & C of the online account when you signed up. | Technology |
What is QAnon and why is everyone so worried about it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | QAnon[a] (/ˌkjuːəˈnɒn/) is a disproven and discredited, far-right conspiracy theory[b] alleging that a cabal of Satan-worshipping pedophiles is running a global child sex-trafficking ring and plotting against US president Donald Trump, who is fighting the cabal.[2] QAnon also commonly asserts that Trump is planning a d... | Other |
Why do humans enjoy patting/ scratching animals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Grooming behaviors are widely used in social animal species for group cohesion purposes. If you enjoy spending time with people then you'll spend time with them. Laughter is also used in this manner but it is much more limited. Humans are AFAIK the only species to laugh naturally. The key feature of joking around is th... | Other |
How does infinity work with regards to decimals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is a common idea in mathematics, and the basis of quite a lot of mathematical paradoxes. The only answer I can think to give you're question is that yes, you are right, there is an infinite amount of numbers between 1 and 2, or between 0.1 and 0.2, or between 0.000004 and 0.000005 etc etc. There are a lot of mathe... | Mathematics |
How is it possible that The USA spend more on healthcare per capita than the UK? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Just because it is free at the point of delivery doesn't mean costs aren't kept in check. Because it is paid out of taxation, the government can set a budget on expenditure and balances the public desire for healthcare against the competing desire for tax reduction. The government oversight limits treatments with expen... | Economics |
Why is Puerto Rico in so much debt and what type of economy did they have post WWII? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Too much to mention. Highlights: 1) tax subsidies for US producers, and tax exemptions for US imports, ensure most local production, farming, etc will always cost more than importing. 2) predatory lenders gave them all they asked for, assuming the US would guarantee against default 3) incompetent and/or corrupt govt us... | Economics |
Why are a bunch of companies incorporated in Delaware and how do they get away with it if they're not actually in Delaware? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The main reason for businesses to incorporate in DE is because DE has laws friendly to corporate structure. They have their Chancery Court system, dedicated to corporate law, and a very well-established body of corporate and business law, which keep the uncertainty of legal issues and costs of corporate litigation down... | Economics |
what exactly are fractals and how are they made? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fractals are objects that don't start looking smooth, no matter how much you zoom in on to them. A simple fractal is Sierpinski Triangle. URL_0 You take a triangle with all the sides the same length. Then take out smaller triangle from the middle, leaving you with 3 triangles. Then you repeat this process for all 3 tri... | Mathematics |
How do Co2 emissions keep growing year on year despite rapidly expanding renewable capacity? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because CO2 emissions aren't determined by how much renewable energy we produce. We could cover the world in solar panels and windmills and our CO2 emissions would remain the same if we still *also* burned all the oil and coal we could get hold of. We're producing more renewable energy than ever, sure, but we're also *... | Earth Science |
Why do films from the 70s-early 00s look so much better, richer than ones produced today? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't know if I can identify one thing that makes twenty or thirty years of movies similar to each other, but nowadays they really love to do color correction on everything. A few examples of this done obviously for artistic reasons are *The Matrix* trilogy (everything inside the Matrix looks vaguely greenish to sugg... | Technology |
Why is the number 'e' so important? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Take y=2^x, the gradient along this line is always less than 2^x at the point x. Take y=3^x, the gradient along this line is always greater than 3^x at the point x. This implies there is a number between these two where the gradient of this line is always equal to that number to the power x at the point x. This line is... | Mathematics |
Why are circles and angles made around a 360° system instead of the usual 100 or 1000? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Number systems that divide evenly by 10's are a relatively new invention. Metric dates to the French Revolution. Getting a country to change a system of measurement is extremely difficult to implement but France was in turmoil and they were willing to change a lot of stuff, including the system of measurement. Imperial... | Mathematics |
Why does dirty water come out of the pipes after the main water to the house has been turned off for a while and then turned back on? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Time. When the water is turned off, what water is left in the pipes is allowed to settle. All water over time will go back and start to smell as bacteria build up. The water will be fine for a short while, so if you're not using it for a while you will be fine. But the longer you leave it, the more likely the water wil... | Other |
Why isn’t the man married to the Queen the King? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because he wasn't allowed to have that title. Since the British Queen is a constitutional monarch, Parliament has a lot of influence in this matter. In theory, Prince Philip could have been granted the title of King Consort (as opposed to King Regnant), but this is a very rare title in European aristocracy. It's not qu... | Other |
How does Laminar Flow work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Think of lines at a grocery store. That's laminar flow. You've got everyone politely queue'd up, each following the person in front of them and not interfering with people in the next line over. Turbulent flow would be more likely a crowd running from Godzilla. Everyone's bouncing off one another, constantly looking to... | Physics |
Why do kids become attached to blankies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s not just a blanket. Lots of people get emotionally attached to other inanimate objects. Usually it is a blanket or a toy of some kind. Stuffed animals are common as well. I don’t know the actual reasoning behind it though. It usually has something to do with security, like they feel more comfortable when holding i... | Psychology |
why are rainbows only curved? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Rainbows are actually circular but because we see them from the ground we typically only see half of them. If you view a rainbow from an airplane you can see the whole circle. But why? Light spreads out a bit, and it does so consistently and evenly. Consider a flashlight shining on a wall ten feet away: the small circl... | Earth Science |
In history, how do we "adjust for inflation/deflation?" | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The US Department of Commerce and Department of Labor track the prices of just about every consumer and industrial good sold in the country on a regional level. The Department of Commerce compiles their pricing information as a statistic called the Personal Consumption Expenditure Inflation Rate (CPE), while the Depart... | Economics |
Why do people wake up just as they get home? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | From what I understand, it is generally due to the change in motion. As you reach your home, you would generally slow down, turn your car in a few directions to park, and finally come to a stop. Your body would detect this change in motion and wake you up. It again will also depend on how deep you are in your sleep. Yo... | Biology |
What is stickiness? On a chemical level, what's happening? Is everything sticky in the same way or are there different kinds of stickiness? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are different kinds of stickiness. Two I can think of are fictional forces, of which Velcro might be a good example (if I'm wrong you will see me swiftly corrected) and viscosity. Viscosity has to do with how much something resists a sliding force. Like the difference between how thick mud flows vs hot oil. If yo... | Chemistry |
Why are some tumors are cancer and some are not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So a tumor is any unregulated growth, basically. Your body is supposed to keep your organs and blood vessels at a certain size, as some cells of the organs die and are replaced by others. A tumor, however, is when that goes wrong. When the growth of a certain part of an organ or bone stops being regulated and grows to ... | Biology |
Why does every continent have its own land mass except asia and Europe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The division between Europe, Asia, and Africa was made all the way back in classical times. That is, by people living around the Mediterranean sea. Their whole worldview is summarized in the name "Mediterranean," meaning "middle of the world." To them, Europe was the land north of the sea, Africa was the land to the So... | Earth Science |
if cancer is basically a clump of cells that dont want to die, why/how do things like cigarettes, asbestos, and the literal sun trigger it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cancer cells result from mutations that disable the things that keep cell growth in check. Those mutations come from incorrect repairs to cell DNA, and those errors happen more frequently the more repairs take place. Therefore things that cause damage that requires repairs increase the chances of developing cancer, stu... | Biology |
Why do you cry when you're sad/extremely happy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's a couple of different reasons but I'll try to separate them. Chemically, there's 3 different 'types' of tears; Basal, Reflex, and Emotional. The other two tears are a result of irritants or just general lubricant for the eye in the form of mucus, but emotional tears are made up of stress hormones such as cortis... | Other |
Why does lactose-free milk taste sweeter than regular milk even though they don't add sugar to it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Milk has a special type of sugar in it, called Lactose. This is the thing that gives regular milk its vaguely sweet taste, and also is what these lactose-intolerant people get 'sick' from. Most milk companies add "Lactase" to regular milk. Lactase is a special enzyme that breaks down Lactose into two different types of... | Chemistry |
In a recession, where does all the 'lost' money go? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most of it doesn’t go anywhere. A lot of money ”lost” in a recession is in stocks, bonds and the like, whose value is determined mainly by the markets belief in those things. When a recession hits, the market loses faith in the future value of stocks, and so their worth decreases, leading to money being “lost”. In real... | Economics |
What does 'Association Bias' actually mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's when you connect two things in your mind that are not actually connected at all just because they happened around the same time. The most common example is our tendency to "shoot the messenger". When someone brings us bad news we tend to hate that person even though they are only telling us about the problem and d... | Psychology |
How does eating food rich in vitamin C improve the immunity in once body to diseases? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Short answer: it doesn't, unless you happen to have a vitamin C deficiency, in which case taking vitamin C supplements (naturally in your food or supplements) will restore your body's natural defence mechanisms. Taking vitamin C will change nothing in a healthy human being with a balanced diet. Also, for what it's wort... | Biology |
How do cells, like the most minuscule and indivisible cells, and even atoms, know to do what they do? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The short answer is DNA and chemistry. Atoms and molecules don't have to be told what to do. All of their movements, interactions, and qualities are a product of what they are - protons, neutrons, and electrons and attract and repel each other in different ways. The entire field of chemistry is devoted to understanding... | Chemistry |
what's all that about cosmic filament spin? It sounds like a great discovery. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They basically divided galactic filaments (megastructures formed by thousands of galaxies) in half along its axis and measured the redshift of each half. What they found with statistical methods is that one half is moving towards us while the other is receding at the same rate, meaning the structure is spinning. This i... | Physics |
Aleph 0 refers to a set that is countably infinite. Aleph 1 refers to a set that is uncountably infinite. What does Aleph 2 refer to? Can you give me an example? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Aleph-0 is the cardinality of the the natural numbers, and is said to be countable. Aleph-1 is then *defined* to be the smallest uncountable cardinality, and so it follows that Aleph-0 < Aleph-1. Aleph-2 is then *defined* to be the smallest cardinality that is greater than Aleph-1. All higher alephs are defined similar... | Mathematics |
Why did gold become so desirable in history, while other metals present i.e. Nickel and Copper not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Gold doesn't rust or tarnish, so it remains bright. That's one feature that makes it appealing. Gold is both soft and has a low melting point, which makes it easy to use for jewelry and decoration, and also to alloy with other metals like silver. "desirable" is an odd word to use, because most of the uses for gold were... | Economics |
Aren't men breaking the law by sending unsolicited dick pics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is no law against sending an unsolicited picture of your greasy dick, unless the recipient is a minor or you are a minor. That being said, don't. 99% of the time your wrinkled chode is a turn off, and sending pictures of it to the person you're trying to chat up is the fastest way to get blocked. | Other |
how can doctors put a time limit as little as hours on a person who is sick/dying? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Death has a fairly predictable pattern, but it really is just an educated guess. It's like looking at a tire on a car and seeing a belt coming though. By how much belt is visible, experience can predict if the tire can be over inflated and given till next month, make it till the end of the week or you better change it ... | Mathematics |
Why is it significantly cheaper to fly throughout Europe than it is to fly within the continental US? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You'd have to be more specific about what you're comparing to give a real answer, but be sure you're comparing similar distances to each other. The US is very large; London is about 1000 miles closer to Moscow than New York is to Los Angeles, so one would expect a flight from New York to Los Angeles to be more expensiv... | Economics |
What is happening to the American economy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Basically businesses aren't able to fully operate at capacity or will see reduced sales/manufacturing during this outbreak of coronavirus. Will it be a large impact? Hard to tell. However, it started with people getting nervous and that caused a dip in the market. We've been on a bull (mostly upward) run in value for 3... | Economics |
Why do batteries deplete very slowly over time when they're just sitting in the pack not being used? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Self-discharge is a phenomenon in batteries in which internal chemical reactions reduce the stored charge of the battery without any connection between the electrodes or any external circuit. Self-discharge decreases the shelf life of batteries and causes them to initially have less than a full charge when actually put... | Chemistry |
Why aren’t windows that are 64” a standard window size?? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One of the reasons is how windows are made. You don't just manufacture a single pane of glass for each and every window. Instead, you manufacture a *large* piece of glass, and then cut it up into different sized windows. The way that this large piece can be broken down dictates what standard sizes are. Any deviation fr... | Other |
Why is it that I’m more sore two days after I work out instead of the next morning? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's called delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). It happens when you either start a new exercise, or make a change to how you work out, or change how long or hard you work out. When you do this to your muscles, it causes tiny bits of damage to your muscle tissue, and that makes you sore or stiff. It's normal, and the ... | Biology |
Why is Switzerland so rich compared to other European nations? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine Europe is a playground. You know how sometimes a friend might share their snacks with you from their lunch? Or people who simply get along might trade their lunches so both people will have something they like more? Well there are also bullies who might fight and steal lunch money from people they don't like. W... | Economics |
What actually is the Barbra Streisand effect? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The origin was, there was a project in California to map the coastline of California. Countless pictures were taken of the coast. One of those pictures contained Barbara Streisand's house. She didn't want pictures to be out in the public and sued over privacy... however the act of suing cause far more attention, and fa... | Other |
how have Albert Einstein’s theories contributed to modern technology like GPS? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | GPS is actually a remarkably simple piece of technology, at least in its concept. You have a series of satellites in known places in orbit equipped with atomic clocks that send out a constant radio signal that simplified is essentially "Hello I'm satellite 3, the current time is XX:XX:XX" By knowing the current time wh... | Physics |
When a tank is filled with helium does the tank become lighter or heavier? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The helium in your tank is compressed. If it weren't, you couldn't use it to blow up balloons: if the pressure on both sides is the same, there isn't any flow. A side effect of this is that you can get more mass in the same volume. And as a result, your helium tank will be heavier than the tank's volume of helium at st... | Chemistry |
How does the $1 store stay in business with inflation, rising wages, etc.? Wouldn't their margins be getting thinner and thinner every year? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Mostly by selling less. I can get aluminium foil for a dollar, but it is only 5 feet of foil. I can get a frozen meal for a dollar, but I have never even heard of the brand, and it is very small portion size. I can get a book for a dollar, but it is on that crappy paper they use in coloring books. They just sell shitty... | Economics |
Why does the second derivative test tell us if a certain x-value is a max or a min? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The first derivative indicates the change in the function - positive derivative means the function is rising, negative means it is falling. The second derivative indicates the change in the first derivative - positive 2nd derivative means that the 1st derivative is rising, etc. If we have a local extremum, we want to k... | Mathematics |
why aren’t pregnancy cravings universal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your body craves a certain type of food when it's lacking a nutrient contained in that food. For pregnant women, their nutrient needs differ from normal to grow the fetus and the supporting organs. Different diets will produce a different mix of nutrients. One person's cravings for one type of food may be due to a lack... | Biology |
What is the recent ruling about the UK Parliament and Brexit mean for the people of the UK? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't really mean that much to the average person, it still means we are leaving the EU. It's about the formal procedure for withdrawing from the EU. The PM (who essentially is "the government" in this context) claimed she has the right to formally start the process of leaving the EU without consulting parliament.... | Other |
When we ‘lose’ our voice, like during a cold, what actually happens to our vocal cords? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Generally when you lose your voice the reason is your vocal chords are inflammed. Inflammation = swelling. When the vocal chords are swollen they become a different shape & that alters the sound that they make (or don't make if it's bad enough) when you try to talk because the way they move the air is different. | Biology |
what makes us fall in love with a specific person? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Wow, a lot of original and free thinkers here. What if you can't talk to most people, can't express yourself out of shame, embarrassment, whatever. What if you, in this state, have struggled with friendships, work relationships, family, everything, and eventually wonder how anyone keeps living. And then you randomly ta... | Biology |
If every particle is bound by rules and can only act withing those rules, how is it that humans have free choice, since there is no part of the brain that can change how one particle reacts to another? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can determine that a human makes a decision before the brain thinks it is making the decision ([Bereitschaftspotential]( URL_0 )). Besides, a completely free will is a logical paradox anyway. If it is determined by previous experiences in some way, it is not free. If it is not, it is indistinguishable from randomne... | Physics |
What is a headache and how do certain drugs aid them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In short, headaches are when blood vessels in the brain dilate (IOW, become inflamed). Most headache medications help relieve this inflammation in some way or another, or reduce blood flow. Some longer acting medications for prevention are used to prevent seizures as well, and work by decreasing nerve activity. Headach... | Chemistry |
what money is actually made or lost daily in a stock short squeeze scenario? is it all on paper until cash out or are the daily numbers we see realized losses/gains at whatever point they are reported? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The YouTube channel TLDR News had a good explanation. Basically, shorting stocks works like this: You see that an apple stand is selling apples for $1. You ask to borrow an apple with the promise that you will pay them back later. Then you sell that apple to another person for $1. Now the price of apples drops to $0.50... | Economics |
The difference between panic attacks and anxiety attacks? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Anxiety attacks make you feel scarred and your heart rate raises and becomes noticeable. Sometimes an anxiety attack could be as simple as minor chest pain. Most importantly, anxiety attacks are triggered by something. Panic attacks however are much more severe. Instead of fear your terrified, instead increased heart r... | Biology |
How is the audio recorded and mixed for Live shows which are released on DVD? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For a standard live recording for DVD you have to talk about the live audio elements as well. I will stick purely to modern recordings done with digital methods, but most of the same principles apply in older analogue setups. Each instrument is mic'd or inputted into the system either via traditional analogue methods o... | Other |
Why do humans get viruses that present with a sore throat, cough and runny/stuffy nose, but animals don’t (appear to) get these same viruses and/or symptoms? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A certain kind of virus that affects humans makes your throat sore so that you'll cough, in turn so that you'll spray a fine mist of virus-water into the air to infect other people. This is an effective strategy for the virus, because people spend a lot of time together (and not just with one closed social group), and ... | Biology |
How did scientists create GMOs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends on how you define Genetically modified. Our ancestors hundreds of thousands of years ago would always pick the best plant from the crop and take the seeds from that to propagate or they would allow the best pig to live the longest as a breeder etc. But GMOs still havent changed that much. They take the plant... | Biology |
What is plasma? (as a state of matter) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Matter in solid, liquid or gaseous form is made up of atoms. Atoms are made up of protons and electrons, and nearly always neutrons as well. It's useful but not entirely accurate to think of protons and neutrons clumped together at the center of each atom (the nucleus) and the electrons whizzing around the center in a ... | Physics |
I've seen businesses not accepting cash because of a "shortage". What exactly is causing this shortage? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It isn't so much a _cash_ shortage as it is a _coin_ shortage. The short answer is the pandemic. The long answer is that it is a combination of the US Mint not producing coins at the normal rate, consumers not paying cash for transactions (keeping coins out of circulation), businesses trying to avoid accepting cash at ... | Economics |
Why does every website seem to want me to register a username and password to use the search bar and other features? Even when signing up doesn't really accomplish anything other than waste everyone's time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1. More accounts = more ad companies willing to pay 2. More registered subscribers = more people that can be contacted/sent messages about promotions 3. It can benefit you-if you have an account you can keep track of your activity on the site as well as get notifications 4. Identification - you can communicate with oth... | Technology |
Iron is Nuclear Ash. What does this mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So, when you think of a campfire, what is ash? Ash is what's left when all the combustion is finished, and what you're left with is dead stuff that you can't burn anymore. Similarly, iron is the "ash," if you like, of nuclear fusion. Once you start producing iron, it takes way too much energy to fuse it into the next e... | Chemistry |
Why do we enjoy music much more when we hear it multiple times? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Humans have a familiarity bias. We like things more the more times we have experienced them. We believe statements more the more times we hear them. Humans favor the known and fear the unknown. So simply liking things better because of repeated exposure made us want to stick to the known and avoid the unknown. When hum... | Other |
what's the difference between caviar and the fish eggs you find on a California roll? Is there a difference? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Caviar traditionally comes from sturgeon, whilst [tobiko]( URL_1 ), the colorful little fish eggs you find on some sushi like a California roll is from flying fish. The translucent little red/orange balls you also find in some sushi is [ikura]( URL_0 ) which is salmon roe. Yes, they're all essentially the same in that ... | Other |
Why is it if I look at my monitor in different angles, it seems like the pixels or the screen gets darker? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Could be the panel technology being used, for example TN (Twisted nematic) and VA (Vertical alignment) monitors and TVs can colorshift either a lot or slightly depending from the Angle you're viewing them because of the positioning of the crystals inside the panel. I am no expert though, feel free to pitch in. | Other |
Why do code systems have to be "maintained"? What happens that part of it suddenly doesn't "work" anymore? What causes a "bug" in the system? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Code, unlike physical objects, does not rot or "go bad" What typically happens is that software needs to change. Reasons for change include things like, we need a new feature, or we need to change how something works. When adding new or changing old features, it is very common to "miss" some aspect of how the original ... | Technology |
How do we always know when someone is watching us? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are several things at work in this impression people have that they know when people are watching them. First of all, there’s no extra sensory perception that tells anybody they are being watched. That’s just magical thinking. Sometimes people detect clues to something subconsciously. They may notice people actin... | Biology |
Why can't you refreeze food that has already been frozen and thawed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | because if you refreeze it, the small ice crystals that form inside the food destroy its tissues. So when you defrost it for the second time it will lose a lot of water and change its consistency. It also increases the bacterial load and oxidizes faster due to damage caused by the cold. Some foods can be burned by the ... | Chemistry |
How did television studios make words like show titles appear on screen before computers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I actually worked in TV before computers. We would make the titles with press-on letters (I forget the brand name) and shoot them with a camera. The title camera would be combined with the live camera in a device called a "luma key" that would switch the live camera off and the title camera on everywhere that the lette... | Technology |
How do roses that last for years work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not sure how those exact roses are preserved, but one way of creating eternal roses it is to take a recently cut rose, submerge it in a mixture of glycerine and water, the rose will gradually replace its sap with the liquid and after a couple of days you have a flower that will last forever (or at least a couple of yea... | Chemistry |
Why is California such a magnet for people? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For one thing, it is pretty big. If there was a gold rush in South Dakota followed by a mass migration to Minnesota, we wouldn't be talking about one place being a magnet. But mostly it is a lot of little things: * the weather is nice * it is on the coast * lots of natural resources * good agricultural land * the Spani... | Other |
How my body (in case of dying of natural cause) is aware of when is time to lay down and pass out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Until you actually die, your body is still reflexively trying to do its best to stay alive. When it comes down to the body marshaling it's last resources and keeping the heart beating as well as possible, your body will either strongly suggest you lie down (you feel light headed and or sleepy) or it will make you lie d... | Biology |
In USA, of the top 100 pharma companies by sales, 64 spent twice as much on marketing and sales as on research and development. 58 spent three times as much, 43 spent five times as much and 27 spent 10 times the amount. Why do they spend so little on research and so much on ads? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The obvious answer is, that advertising creates more revenue by the dollar spent. The more complex answer is, that no matter how much you research, if you cannot convince people, doctors, pharmacies to buy your products, you cannot make any more money to keep researching. The cynical answer is that buying Doctors and L... | Economics |
Why do animals have two nostrils? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nostrils were originally used to sense smells of small molecules dissolved in water. They didn't even connect with the inside of the mouth, but instead each one was a little u-shaped loop that water could flow through (many fish still have nostrils like this). A nostril on each side of the head lets these animals tell ... | Biology |
How does a certain currency value rise or fall relative to other currencies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Copied from Quora, not my explanation, but sums it up pretty much: The same way any other price is determined: supply and demand. There's an important caveat that we'll get to, but let's start with the basics. Many of the world's currencies "float." Their value isn't specifically tied to anything, so they're worth what... | Economics |
How are video game AIs programmed? Is it a just a long series of "If Then" statements? Why are some AIs good and others terrible? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are multiple ways to do it. Generally your if-then statement is close to reality. (Often it's Event based, to allow changes when new information is available rather than static checking what to do once previous commands are finished). Having lists of priorities is also common, to let the AI take the most importan... | Technology |
Why does friction work differently on wheels than on normal surfaces? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't. It's not that wider wheels have better grip, but that wheels with better grip are made wider. Soft compound tyres are required to be wider in order for the side-wall to support the weight of the car. softer tyres have a larger coefficient of friction, therefore better traction. A narrow, soft tyre would not... | Physics |
Is PI proven to be a "mathematically random" number? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You actually *can* calculate any arbitrary digit of pi using [this]( URL_0 ) formula. Another question that you might be interested in is "is pi a normal number?" A normal number is one where any string of digits is equally likely to appear. We know that pi is irrational, but not all irrational numbers are normal - 0.1... | Mathematics |
animals that express complex nest-building behaviours (like tailorbirds that sew leaves together) - do they learn it "culturally" from others of their kind or are they somehow born with a complex skill like this imprinted genetically in their brains? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's instinctual. Birds reared in plastic containers build their own nests just fine. They need not ever see a nest to build one. Further, the nests they build don't necessarily model the nests their parents built. If a researcher provides a bird with only pink building materials, the chicks reared in that pink nest wi... | Biology |
How do humans maintains constant body temperature of 98.6°F when we have no fur and such thin skin compared to other Mammals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine your body is a car, the car has a combustion engine that burns its gas to produce Kinetic Energy to move the car's wheels among other thing. The thing about burning fuel is that it produces this other thing besides Kinetic Energy. Namely heat, sound and light. This causes the car to heat up. You eat food, your ... | Biology |
What effect does sodium have on us and why is it bad? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It isn’t bad. Too much is bad. Sodium is very important in helping nerves work correctly. But, too much sodium can be a strain of your kidneys and also have you retain water. Retaining water can result in high blood pressure. Do this for decades and you get strokes and kidney disease. | Biology |
Why does a lot of retro tech have a “thousand” at the end of their names? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To make the name sound more futuristic and high-tech. That the technological breakthrough in the product was so significant that it was worthy of bumping up the version to some multiple of 1000. Alternatively, in the decades before the turn of millennium, adding 2000 to something sometimes implied it incorporated techn... | Technology |
Why were hostile takeovers so popular in the 1980s and why do we hear less about them now? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Depends what you mean by a "hostile" takeover. In its broadest sense, any takeover bid, i.e., an offer by one company to purchase all of the shares in another company is "hostile" if it was unsolicited and opposed by the target company's current management/board. So-called hostile "tender offers," in which one company ... | Economics |
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