question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How are games ported to other platforms, e.g. PC to PS5? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | # What's A Platform? A "platform" can be roughly defined by a combination of hardware and software. The hardware (e.g., CPU, GPU, chipset(s), ...) mostly defines the performance as well as what computing features are available (you may have heard of hardware assisted ray tracing, it's the new shit). The software (OS, D... | Technology |
What are the "Degrees" of Crimes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's going to depend on the crime and jursidiction, but generally the lower the degree the worse the crime, the harsher the punishment and the more elements required to prosecute it in court. For example, 1st degree murder is intentional and premeditated while 2nd may just be intentional, in the moment. | Other |
how would copyright affect fan made content using images from online? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can't take images you don't have a right to use, put them on something, and then sell it. This isn't a fair use situation. > the other side argues that as long as he doesn't claim ownership, and doesn't include the title, he would be fine, and that other people at conventions do the same(pulling things off the inte... | Other |
What is the difference between methamphetamine and amphetamine salts (Adderall)? What makes amphetamine salts so much safer/less addictive? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Many of the answers here are very close to being correct. Methamphetamine is (nearly) chemically identical to amphetamine except for an extra methyl group (a carbon atom with hydrogen attached). This addition makes methamphetamine more hydrophobic (ELI5 term: oil-like). This makes a drastic difference in how the drug r... | Chemistry |
Why does night vision have a greenish tint? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The image created by night vision is black/white. Human eyes are most sensitive to green light. Since you're in the dark and it takes your eyes time to adjust to light/dark, you only want to make the image as bright as necessary. So the image is given in green to make it more comfortable to view in the dark, possibly f... | Technology |
why does our immune system accept drugs and not treat it as a threat to the body? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In order to trigger an immune response, you need one of two things. There are certain kinds of molecules that only show up in disease-causing organisms like bacteria or viruses. These are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs. There are also certain molecules that only become "visible" to the immune s... | Biology |
How Are Radioactive Rocks Formed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Do you mean the kind of rocks that we can determine an absolute age for using radiometric dating methods? They naturally contain certain isotopes (isotopes are the name given to atoms of the same element that differ in mass due to varying numbers of neutrons in their nucleus) which are radioactive, and we can exploit t... | Physics |
Is the probability of rolling one of 2 numbers on a dice with a certain amount of attempts higher than rolling just one specific number with double the attempts? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The chances of rolling exactly a six with two rolls is 11/36. The chances of rolling a five or a six with one roll is 1/3 or 12/36. So to answer your question, yes, the probability of rolling one of two numbers with a certain amount of attempts is higher than rolling just one specific number with double the attempts? D... | Mathematics |
What causes that indescribable scent when it first starts to rain? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s called “petrichor”, and it’s a scent that’s created when rain hits dried soil. Plant oils soak into absorbent dirt over time, and are then released into the air when the dirt starts getting wet. The scent has been isolated and is commercially available as a fragrance material called “geosmin”. The human sense of s... | Chemistry |
Question about developing and genitals ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Oof. This is gonna be some weird Google searches, eh? Development of male genitalia is dependent upon the production of the testosterone enzyme dihydrotestosterone, which is produced by the testes. As the various types of genital tubing is elongating and growing to form the penis, the penis organ system (both the repro... | Biology |
Why does our body have such self destructive temperature regulation when we contract something and how does it work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's extremely rare for a fever to drive the human body temperature to its lethal limit outright, in fact most fevers barely break 102F. Certainly the brain is capable of doing it, but it wouldn't make evolutionary sense to have a lethal kill switch that turns on whenever we get sick. 107F and beyond is when brain dama... | Biology |
Why do some surgeries take as long as 24 hours or more to perform? What are the reasons why it make take more than a few hours? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | How many things have to be done, and how complicated they are. The deeper you get the more dire it is that things have to be done right, as well as; often you have to tear things apart to get to the main surgery, then do a bunch of other surgeries to put everything else back together as well when you're done with what ... | Biology |
- Has there always been the same amount of water on earth and if yes, where is the water when there is drought in certain areas? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Apart from some very minor inputs and losses to and from space, yes the total amount stays the same. Over geological time water moves around between various “reservoirs” in the oceans, atmosphere, ice caps, deep aquifers, living organisms etc. For example, during Ice Ages, more water is locked up in ice and so sea leve... | Earth Science |
How it can be written in the DNA of animals and plants the need to reproduce and preserve the species? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | All we are is bits of dna trying to replicate itself. Once it found that trick the game is on. All of life if just that - dna proteins doing its best to replicate again and again. Each version in evolution is just a better way for DNA to replicate. There is no actual point to it all - the need to reproduce is just to c... | Biology |
Why is some cheese always cut in squares and some in circles? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is the answer to a previous ELI5 asking the same question. When it comes to deli-style cheeses that are made to be sliced and used on sandwiches, the round shape of certain cheeses is strictly a perception/expectation thing. Provolone is traditionally made in a log shape, from small-ish 10 lb logs up to 80 lbs or ... | Other |
Why do baseballs go further in the heat than in the cold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When a gas is heated, it expands which lowers it's density. Since the density is lower, there are less particles for the baseball to collide with, so it goes further when the air is warm. Also, something funny and slightly related is that baseballs also travel further in humid weather because the water particles in the... | Physics |
Why is the performance of a graphics card tied so heavily to the drivers, to the point that a bad driver can cause a sudden drop in performance? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yo don't write code to be executed on the graphics card directly. Yo write code in a API like DirectX or OpenGL that the driver converts or thing that are executed on the graphics card. So the performance depends on good the driver is. The reason for not writing directly to the graphics card is that then you would have... | Technology |
Who do all the planet not eventually get sucked into the sun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To get sucked in, they would have to lose their momentum and energy. But what's going to do that in space? Nothing really. A well lubricated, low friction clock pendulum can swing for a very long time, a massive planet flying through basically empty space experiences essentially zero friction. They can keep flying in a... | Physics |
What is the chemistry behind a hangover and what are the best ways to overcome/ prevent? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Skipping the nitty gritty details, the pain of a hangover primarily comes from the brain shrinking due to dehydration. Alcohol is a diuretic, meaning it makes you want to piss. You lose a lot of water from all that unnecessary pissing, and overnight your brain slightly shrivels up from the dehydration. You don't feel i... | Chemistry |
Why do humans have a system for eating and breathing that intersects? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Evolution only has to come up with something that works not the perfect something. As long as people and animals live long enough to breed and raise their young to breeding age then whatever physical traits they have will get passed on. The human body has many poor design faults such as the optic nerve in the eye being... | Biology |
Why are Canadian coins minted with almost the exact specification as American coins? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | According to a brief Google search, it’s a throwback to when the US and Canada both used the “gold standard” (although really it’s silver/copper) for their currency. The coins are the size they are because at one point they were actually worth the amount of metal they were made from. If the price per ounce of silver wa... | Other |
How do plants with red and purple leaves preform photosynthesis? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The red/purple leaves still contain chlorophyll, and they capture the energy of sunlight the same way as regular green plants. High amounts of dye chemicals just make them look not-green. As far as I know, the purpose of these chemicals is debated, but a likely possibility is that their antioxidant properties protects ... | Biology |
Why does multiplying or dividing two negative numbers produce a positive? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I owe you $10. You can interpret that as me having -$10. I mow your lawn and you cancel my debt. That's like subtracting that -$10, which is the same as adding $10. I owe 5 people $10. That like having 5 x -$10 = -$50. I mow all of their yards. I'm subtracting that debt five times, so -5 x -$10 = $50 | Mathematics |
If 99.9999% of an atom is empty space, how do these atoms form matter that we can touch and feel? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hold two magnets close to each other. With strong enough magnets (and a clever design) you can make several "wrong-way" magnets levitate one of them in the air. There is nothing between the magnets, yet they are *very* hard to push together. This is called electromagnetism. Atoms, while 99.xxxx% empty space, are basica... | Physics |
Why does pouring warm soda into a glass of ice flatten it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm going to add to the previous reply, as a black-belt home brewer. A lot of things (sugar, salt) dissolve better when the liquid is hotter. This is the basis of making syrup or candy. But carbon dioxide (the fizz in soda and beer) can get dissolved in water at a pretty cool temperature, sort of its ideal maximum satu... | Chemistry |
Why does background prove/give evidence that there was a big bang? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1) By looking at the stars we realised that they are all going away from us in all direction. And not only that, the farther they are from us, the faster they are going away. This point to an expansion of the universe. 2) Speculation time. If we are currently expanding, that mean that in that past the universe was dens... | Physics |
How is the "Trickle down" system different from the basic pyramid scheme? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pyramid schemes are "trickle up" schemes. Money flows from the bottom to the top, so as long as you can keep adding more people below you, you'll make money. The reason we call them schemes is that they usually imply that you can make money other ways, but in reality the money is to be found almost entirely in getting ... | Economics |
why some sauces turn to jelly-like consistency in the fridge? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sauces made with meat drippings, especially long-cooked meat with bones, will contain cooked-down collagen. We call that gelatin - that's how Jello and Knox are made - and it is definitely NOT a bad thing. It's a very nice thing. Warmed back up, it makes a major contribution to the flavor and texture of stews and soups... | Chemistry |
How does the undo feature work in collaborative applications such as Google Docs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | [Chuktropolis Welling Moran of UC San Diego]( URL_3 ) explains that different programs implement an undo feature in different ways. Recently, the undo button has evolved to accommodate collaborative text-editing systems, such as Google Docs. So what goes on under the hood? Before we learn about how a computer keeps tra... | Technology |
Does having more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increase plant growth? Why or why not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To ELI5. Yes, it's possible, but not a huge factor in increasing terrestrial plant growth. If you had as much food as you wanted, but only a little water, it wouldn't help you to be given extra food. The CO2 is the food in this example. Other resources (like, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc) are usually far more limited in t... | Earth Science |
Why are galaxies and solar systems always disc shaped? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They form from a cloud of gas and dust. This all has an average direction of spin. This gas and dust collides together and slows down, but this average direction of spin is conserved. So, any remaining stuff that is outside of this plane will eventually collide with the plane or get launched away by gravity. | Physics |
Why does freezer burn have a distinct taste and smell, no matter what it's on? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well. I'll give it a go. Freezer burn is damage to food from two things: dehydration and oxidation. I have two theories: # 1 Once food starts the process of oxidation, the surface of the damaged portion of food is chemically altered. This could lead to the similar taste of freezer burn on different foods, because the c... | Other |
When we get hurt why is our reaction to touch/grab the area that hurts? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Like a double edged reaction. 1st part is to protect the area from further pain and the second as a primal emergency medical need like clutching a more major bleed in an attempt to stem the blleding (to stop what is inside from getting outside) We want to protect ourselves from further damage and we want to limit the d... | Biology |
How do weather stations know the "feels like" temperature of the windchill if thermometers only pick up the windless temperature? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They use a formula! On a windless day your body & environment radiates heat that makes the air around you warmer than the average temperature. If it is windy, the heat you radiate blows away, so the temperature gradient between your body and the actual temperature is much shorter. Scientists have derived this formula: ... | Other |
How do homing pigeons know what home is and how to get there? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There have been many studies on this subject and there is not one definitive answer but so far there have been studies that have proven that a pigeon uses the following to get home: Olfactory navigation : olefactory navigation or using their sense of smell has proven to be a factor especially over shorter distances. Ma... | Biology |
what is the difference between the internet and the www? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The Internet is like a telephone system for computers. It's a communication network that allows computers to talk to each other, much like people can talk to each other over the phone. Whereas the WWW is one of the services you can use the internet for. Your browser can requests pages from web servers, and web servers ... | Technology |
Why is it when people ride in cars at, for example, 40mph or fly in an airplane at hundreds of miles per hour, they don't feel like they're going that fast? Yet when people ride in roller coasters, they feel lots of the speed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine your perspective from a car, in every aspect. Your vision is taken up almost entirely by the car, and not the road. You are focused on the road, but in reality, most of your FOV is the car itself, which relative to you, is not moving. You are also feeling the air inside the car, not the outside air. However, th... | Physics |
What is a coma? And how do doctors put people into induced comas? Are there different types of comas? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Coma is essentially a state of unconsciousness and unresponsiveness. Imagine being asleep, but the rest of your body also cannot work properly, and you can't wake up until whatever is causing the coma is reversed. In trauma medicine, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is used to determine the coma status, which is esse... | Biology |
Why are Saturn's rings (and other planets) located at the center of the planet rather than closer to the top or bottom? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Objects orbit it must orbit the center of a body. It might be tilted, so that is above the equator in part of it's journey and below for an equal part. It can't, all be above the equator, for example, because then it wouldn't be orbiting saturn's center. As far as why not just a random cloud - Spinning clouds of stuff ... | Physics |
Why is Facebook considered such a large company when it seems like the site itself is dying out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It might just be regional, because I only know a couple of people who *don't* use Facebook. Facebook chat seems like the primary method of communication for a lot of people, or is at least tied with texting. I also see a lot of people and organizations using Facebook for planning events. I work in advertising and a lot... | Economics |
How come things emit radiation after they get exposed to high levels of radiation? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One dog comes out of a lake and is really really wet. It shakes itself off next to some other dogs. Those dogs are now also wet but aren't as wet as first dog. At some point in the future they will also shake themselves off. The dogs are like atoms and the water is radiation(stuff like electron/proton). When the radiat... | Physics |
Why doesn’t water have any distinct flavor? What makes it taste so neutral? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not being a smart ass but water does have a distinct flavor. If you were blindfolded and asked to drink something I'm sure water would be the most distinct. Maybe that's not what you are getting at but we never ever drink pure water (as in only H2O and nothing else. It's actually very dangerous to the body). Water from... | Chemistry |
Why are electrolytes measured in mEq/L and not just mM? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Electrolytes are dissolved charged particles in water, generally salts. The thing about them is that, for the purposes of biology, you don't really care how much of the electrolyte itself exists, but how much its presence will affect other things in the water. The most important difference is the charge of the electrol... | Biology |
What is the difference between Public Accounting and Private Accounting? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's more who you work for and what you have in your head as your main goal. Private Accounting, you are there to protect the company you are working for, to ensure they remain within the law. Public Accounting, you are making sure that other people are remaining within the law. This is a VERY generalized view of it. | Other |
What causes someone to blackout when hit on the head? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So we have two things going on here. The mechanics of being hit on the head and also the mechanics of blacking out. I'll start with the skull whack. It's fairly simple. If a thing hits you on the left side of your head, it moves your head suddenly to the right. But your brain is a half second behind the skull movement.... | Biology |
Why does paper turn hard after you left it in your pocket and washed the pants in the washing machine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Paper is made up of fibres, during the manufacturing process the fibres are manipulated to form a nice thin mesh that allows them to flex. Once you put the paper in the wash it turns back to mush and forms into a random blob of fibres all stuck together and cannot fold as easily any more. | Other |
Why do humans live so long compared to other mammals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hi, physical anthropologist here. There are a number of ways you can answer this question- for examplefrom a cellural/molecular perspective or a larger scale, evolutionary perspective. I can only address the latter. A popular hypothesis in paleoanthropology is that longevity in human ancestors was selected for due to t... | Biology |
What causes transverse waves to move up and down? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not all transverse waves are the same. It sounds like you're talking about light, or electromagnetic waves. With an electromagnetic wave, the wave isn't actually moving up and down. Rather, the electric field is pointing up and down. If you were following a photon of light as it traveled from the sun to the Earth, the ... | Physics |
What does it mean when managementnis “Managing out” an employee? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Employees have rights, and you can't just fire them without good reason. If an employer no longer wants to retain an employee, they should make them redundant which normally involves extra pay depending of their length of service. Managing someone out is firing them without having to go through this. Management will wa... | Other |
How is Electrical Energy actually Generated? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Electricity and magnetism are related forces. If you take a conductor, and a changing magnetic field, it will produce current in the conductor through a process called electromagnetic induction. Essentially what happens is that the electrons are attracted to the magnetic field, and that causes them to move - and curren... | Technology |
radiation causes cancer, but radiation therapy is used to beat cancer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Radiation causes DNA damage. DNA damage causes mutations. Mutations *can* cause cancer... but usually trigger apoptosis; cell suicide. Tumors are a concentrated mass of cancerous cells. In radiation therapy, *many* relatively weak beams of radiation are aimed at the tumor from all angles. They are aimed so that they **... | Biology |
Why does ice cause carbonated drinks to foam more than it would normally when pouring a drink? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The ice isn't smooth, it has little holes in it that let the gas separate out from the liquid(nucleation sites). Once these little bubbles form they leave the ice and head towards the surface freeing up the spot for another bubble to form. The surface of the ice eventually melts and any high points melt quicker resulti... | Chemistry |
Why did Typhus disease seem to be most rampant and severe in German concentration camps in WW2 and not reportedly as bad elsewhere? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because the crowding and poor sanitary conditions in concentration camps were an ideal breeding ground for the lice that cause typhus. It wasn't as bad elsewhere because no one else was packing people together like the German concentration camps. You see the same discrepancy today. Typhus is effectively non-existent in... | Other |
Why do countries use third party currencies to trade goods? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you're buying or selling shit to a lot of different people, working with one agreed upon currency just makes things easier. Iran sells oil to India, Indonesia, and China, (lets say) and India buys oil from Iran, Saudi Arabia and Canada (or whatever). Rather than dealing with different currencies for each transacti... | Economics |
How do sites that don't display ads make money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As website you can make money by selling ads, but also by selling user data. Alternatively, the site is devoid of money making schemes as part of its growth strategy, and will monetize once it secures enough market share. Why bother showing adds when you barely get 100 visitors a day, better keep it add free to develop... | Economics |
What makes gummy type candies give them different textures? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The real answer is "Trade Secrets". The "technology" to make most gummies isn't patentable, as the core techniques have been around pretty much since sugar was invented. Some of the effects you can achieve with simple manipulation of sugar over specific times at specific temperatures. Check out how to make [Turkish Del... | Chemistry |
Why (in the US) do I need to sign the back of a check that is made out to me? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I am not a banking expert, but I have deposited checks without signatures before, as long as the name on the check matches the name on the account. It may help that I know my bank staff and they know me, but I imagine it would work if the names match. Do you know your bankers? | Other |
What is Pascals triangle and why/when is it used? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pascal's triangle is just a certain "adding pattern." You can construct it by starting with a single number 1, and then adding more rows of numbers below it, where each number is the sum of the numbers above it to the left, and above to the right. How is it used? Well, *that's* tricky. It's such an abstract idea - just... | Mathematics |
What makes rent so high in some areas for small apartments, and so low in others for relatively large apartments? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It can be largely based on surrounding areas income but it’s mostly just location. Are you in close proximity to a large employer (like a medical center?), close enough that people wouldn’t *have* to drive? Then it’s gonna be higher, marketed towards medical employees. It’s based on a lot of factors, but for most apart... | Economics |
Why does caramel taste so different than sugar when it’s just melted sugar? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | An apple tastes good and sweet when raw. But add heat and cook it for awhile it tastes sweeter and little different. The same thing is happening when you make caramel. The heat changes the sugar at a molecular level and that change produces a sweeter and different taste. This is a big reason that most foods we enjoy ar... | Chemistry |
I never understood what scientists meant when they said the universe came from nothing. I know they don’t literally mean “nothing” but can you you explain, in simple terms, how the universe came into being from this “nothing?” What does it mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Actually, they do literally mean 'nothing'. Prior to the big bang, the universe didn't exist - the universe was created during the big bang itself. The best we can figure today is that all of spacetime was condensed to a singular point of infinite smallness. Then, it expanded - creating all of the energy, matter, space... | Earth Science |
What does RAM do In a pc and how much is needed for high-end gaming? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Think of your hard drive as a series of bookshelves. You can't read a book on the shelf. Instead you take it to a reading table (RAM) and lay it open to read it. The more RAM you have the bigger the table and the more books you can have open at once. If the table fills up, you have to return a book to the bookshelf bef... | Technology |
How and why is Calculus considered a fundamental subject in the field of Engineering? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Much of what engineering has to deal with is how things react to change. Many things we can observe and are interested in measuring or controlling require an understanding of how measures change under different conditions and over time. All electronics is about changing/varying signals and conveying information through... | Mathematics |
How was the height of a hill or mountain measured before GPS? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For regular field use you would use a barometer. This measures the pressure in the air and the higher up you are the lower the pressure. This would have to be calibrated on a regular basis as it is also affected by weather patterns. & #x200B; However for accurate surveying you would use triangulation. By measuring the ... | Mathematics |
Is it easier to make a movie with a cgi "invisible" monster, or a visible practical effects monster? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Low-budget CGI will likely result in a worse film than low-budget practical FX. Both can work, but practical FX can be bodged up more easily by a bunch of amateurs and (this is the clincher) if you can do stuff in-camera on-set the actors can see & react to it better (more believably). This is one of the main reasons b... | Technology |
How do railroads work? Are they just like freeways for trains? Could I buy a train and drive it anywhere I want? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nope. Either you own the tracks, or you negotiate the right to use it with the owner ("trackage rights.") Most railroads in the U.S. are privately owned by companies like Norfolk Southern or Union Pacific. Amtrak is a peculiar case: It's a for-profit corporation, but partially government funded. Outside of the Boston-W... | Technology |
How do you calculate the digits of Pi beyond what’s physically measurable? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pi is a mathematical constant defined in terms of abstract ideas like circles, so it can be derived through purely logical processes without relying on physical measurement at all. For example, with some calculus it's possible to prove that the series 1/1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/9 - 1/11 + 1/13 - ... converges to pi/4, s... | Mathematics |
Why does baby food have issues with levels of toxins and dangerous metals but adult food does not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Babies are smaller. The same amount of a poison given to a baby and an adult may do nothing to the adult, but kill the baby. Similar aspect with metals. Giving babies fish will expose them to dangerous levels of mercury. An adult eating the same fish would not have this issue, because they are larger despite the amount... | Biology |
Why so we need to know so much of pi? When NASA only uses up to the first 18 digits of pi, why would we possibly need billions of digits? What does that accomplish? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Calculating decimals of pi really is just something some hobbyists do. It's not really that interesting thing to do mathematically, but it's sort of cool so if you have say a new supercomputer and want to demonstrate its might, might as well try to calculate digits of pi with it. If you calculate more digits than other... | Mathematics |
What is the difference between regular light bulbs and growing lights for plants? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Growing lights are just designed in a way to deliver the maximum amount of light that specifically plants can use (they don’t use all light frequencies equally, e.g. they don’t use green light, they reflect it back, which is what makes them look green) with the minimum amount of electric power. Seeing that growing ligh... | Earth Science |
What tax “loophole” allows rich people to pay less in taxes than middle class people? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | the big one is the capital gains tax vs paycheck income taxes. Rich people make a lot of money from the sale of stock, but that sale is taxed at a much lower rate than income taxes. Another is that they can afford accountants who can spend the time to look for deductions, write-offs and other ways to reduce their tax l... | Economics |
How were companies (a few generations ago like in the 50’s and 60’s) able to hire people straight out of high school with no work experience or college degree? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are a few things going on. First of all, those entry level jobs that 'require a degree' don't actually require a degree. It's just that you'll never be able to get the job competitively - as a resume plucked from a pile - without one. But if you know the manager? You can easily get the job. However, in the modern... | Economics |
Why is declining birth rates a problem and more importantly what kind of changes would need to take place for a society to function with a decline before steadying out again at a lower rate? More than "ITS BAD HAVE BABIES" like the news always says. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Declining birthrates in themselves are not a problem (in fact some environmentalists argue its a good thing). The problem is that - in your typical Western country - declining birthrates causes secondary economic issues. Broadly speaking, our economies are set up that the working population of younger healthier adults ... | Economics |
Why do gas prices change daily but other goods remain almost constant? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because gas is sold at a much closer state to the raw material. That's rare, most consumer goods have enormous value added before they're retail goods. [Oil prices]( URL_1 ) and [wheat prices]( URL_0 ) have very similar volatility, but bread prices don't move nearly as much as gasoline prices. That's because wheat acco... | Economics |
What is Wikileaks? What is the current situation with them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Wikileaks is a website that originated by civil libertarians who intended to promote transparency by publishing leaks of sensitive information about governments and large corporations, given to them in secret by whistleblowers. They rose to fame in 2010 with the publication of a huge number of military records and dipl... | Other |
How do headphones create a sense of something being behind/in front of you, when they only play sound to the left and right of your head? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I want to elaborate on the other answers to explain how it actually works. Your ears aren't just two holes in your ear- they have flesh that is shaped differently in each direction. As sounds come to your ear through different directions, the shape of your outer ear alters the sound (making certain frequencies change i... | Technology |
Can empirical rule be applied to discreet variables? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The empirical rule applies only to normally distributed values. The normal distribution does imply a continuous distribution, however the common binomial distribution for discrete trials approaches a normal distribution for large enough sampling. For the probability of a single day having rain based on previous samplin... | Mathematics |
What causes people to get goosebumps, and is it possible for someone to not have them at all? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The pilomotor reflex is the base of hairs (or where hairs would be) trying to make the hair stand up. This can be to make the person appear bigger, capture air to keep warm or due to sexual arousal. Stress, fear or other strong emotions tend to trigger it (the reaction is tied to mental state and adrenaline), and some ... | Biology |
How do authorities discover the true cause of a fire? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Arson investigation is as much of as an art as it is a science. It is very rare for anything to be burned so completely there's no trace of anything left. You can follow burn patterns back to the source area. You can look at how deep things are burned to see how hot a fire got and that tells you what burned. You can ch... | Chemistry |
What does the term "baking" or "baked in" mean in video game design? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When something is described as "baked in", that means it is fundamentally part of the game. When you bake a cake, you can't ever get the eggs back. So when a game mechanic, bug or something is described as "baked in", it means it isn't getting patched out or radically changed because that would mean making the game ove... | Technology |
Do psychopaths know they are psychopaths? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes and no. Insight (the degree to which you know what is wrong with you) into a mental illness is neither binary nor static (it's not one thing or the other, and it doesn't always stay the same over time). Certain disorders tend to be higher insight than others. OCD for instance is usually high insight. These are the ... | Other |
When the air is humid and sticky, it feels heavy and makes you feel tired and sleepy. Why is this the case? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When the air is warm and the humidity is high, your sweat will have a harder time evaporating. Evaporation is a cooling process (heat from your body is transferred to the water to make the phase change). With less evaporation, your body will feel warmer than usual. That's all I know for sure. As the other poster said, ... | Biology |
If baking powder is just baking soda with cream of tartar, why do recipes not just call for extra soda and cream of tartar instead of baking powder? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Baking powder, these days, *isn't* just baking soda and cream of tartar. Now, you usually get double-acting powder, which has two pairs of chemicals that, when they get wet (or wet and hot, for one of the pairs), react and give off carbon dioxide. That way, even if your, say, pancake batter has been sitting in the frid... | Chemistry |
Why do we occasionally get sudden, random and sharp pains without there being any visible external stimuli or pre-existing medical condition? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It could be several factors, most likely just nerve impulses getting jittered. Stress can cause it, when someone is under stress their body produces specific hormones that can make them sensitive to pain and muscle tension which could lead to intense, sharp pains. I've also heard that vitamin D or iron deficiencies can... | Biology |
How does the moon produce waves? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I assume by waves you mean tidal waves, aka tides One of the universal forces in nature is the force of gravity. That is, objects with mass attract each other. This attraction is higher for objects with more mass, and lower for less. Simultaneous, this attraction is higher when the objects are closer to each other, but... | Earth Science |
How did Eratosthenes figure out Earth is round and calculated earth circumference 2000 years ago? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Grab a paper towel tube and hold it up to your eye like it's a spyglass and you're a pirate. Declare "yarrr!!" Now use your new cardboard spyglass to look close to a light, but not quite. The line from your eye to the light is blocked by the wall of the tube, so the light doesn't reach your eye. If you turn your head j... | Mathematics |
Why WOULD birds fly all the way from South America to the Galapagos? What purpose could it serve? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because being the first species to a new ecosystem is incredibly beneficial. No competition for food, mates, territory, resources, etc. There are also no natural predators evolved specifically for hunting the species that enters the new ecosystem, so any existing predators may not be properly equipped with mechanisms t... | Biology |
How can humans sense each other without ever seeing or hearing them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's more than just seeing and hearing. There's smell and touch. When someone comes near you they disturb the air around you. That's where smell and touch comes into play. You can feel the air disturbance and smell the slight difference in the air as they approach. It's all very subconscious and instinctual. | Biology |
why do satelites need to perform correction burns in order to stay in orbit? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are many things that can mess with a satellite's orbit. The most important is the atmosphere. Yes, the atmosphere still exists in space. There isn't a magic line where the atmosphere ends, it just gradually becomes less and less dense. So, the closer a satellite is to earth the more the atmosphere will drag its o... | Physics |
What is the purpose of a dual ethernet port on a motherboard? Why get one? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most of these answers have some truth to it but also some misconceptions. Most people have no use for it. Yes, you could have your internet connection running off one, and use the other for local network communication/local gameplay and the like, but in almost no cases will the bottleneck be the limitations of the netw... | Technology |
Why do heat waves make what you’re seeing bend? Like the space above a fire? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Basically, in the case of both fires and hot ground, hot air rises and interacts with cooler air in little pockets. That means you have lots of tiny pockets of hot air rising around pockets of cooler air with different densities. When light is travelling theough a substance and encounters something with a different den... | Physics |
Why is it that acute pain lasts so shortly even though you still have damage on your body? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We get pain when a nerve gets stimulated to send a pain signal. If your body is damaged in a way that isn't stimulating nerve then no pain. You have three basic types of pain receptors. Mechanical (pressure), heat, and chemical (chemicals released by damaged cells trigger this one). If you have a clean cut and your bod... | Biology |
How does blood get into bones? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Under a microscope, your bone is a hollow lattice like structure. There are all sorts of spaces between the tiny archways of calcium for cells and small vessels to be. The guy who designed the Eiffel Tower actually drew inspiration from a human femur bone under magnification. So yes there are blood vessels that run int... | Biology |
How can traders trade commodities that they don't actually physically own? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You don't actually trade wheat. You trade the right to buy wheat. Basically there is a contract that says "I will sell 2,000lb of wheat to the owner of this contract on Feb 7 2021" You buy this contract today for 500$ hoping that on Feb 1 2,000lb of wheat will be worth 600$ you then sell the contract to some one who ac... | Economics |
Why do mountains appear blue from a distance? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Posting as a top level comment. Air scatters blue light better. This is what gives the sky it's blue color. Light hits the atmosphere, and the the red light is more bent, and the blue light is scattered. The bent red light is what gives a blood moon it's color. And the blue scattered light then travels in random direct... | Physics |
Why does water turn white when going over a waterfall? My 8 year old asked me and I was at a loss to explain. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't think anyone has given a proper answer here, so I'll see if I can make a very clear answer. Take a look at this photo of chipped glass pieces: [Photo]( URL_1 ) Notice how the glass has bright reflections in it on the edges. Yet if it were not ground up you'd just see the green color you see in some other parts ... | Physics |
Why do sentences that end with quotes have the period within the quote and not outside? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's a throwback to the way text used to be typeset with little pieces. The period and commas inside the quote add extra strength to the tiny shim. It's a little weird, because so many more sentences end without the quotes, but I suspect those are bigger pieces with space after to separate sentences and clauses or list... | Other |
- how do credit cards work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Basically, paying for stuff with a credit card is like buying with someone else's money, You get 2 options, 1.Pay it all back from your money within a month (ish), then everything is good again 2. Don't pay it all back within a month, then the credit card charges you until you do pay it all back (called interest) APR (... | Economics |
Why can't you give blood for a week after a dentist appointment ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | From what I can tell, this is a Canadian thing - in the US there is no such restriction. Here is the reasoning I was able to dig up: _The reason for this policy is that having dental work can result in “nicks” in the gums. Micro-organisms from the mouth can enter the bloodstream through these nicks, creating a risk of ... | Biology |
Why were older game discs able to be put into the system and instantly played, when now you have to download the entire game first? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because the older games had the entire game stored on the disc, and now there is only a part of it on the disc and the rest has to be downloaded. It allows them to make games bigger, more complex AI, better graphics, and the backbone of the games more complex than a single disc could hold, but also allows for updates t... | Technology |
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