question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
values |
|---|---|---|---|
What are ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds? What makes them different from each other? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | An ionic bond is when two atoms trade an electron, one atom gives it up, the other gets it. The two atoms become ions because of this. Then the electric charge of the two atoms attracts them together. A covalent bond is where the two atoms share 2 electrons. Basically the electrons start orbiting around both atoms in a... | Chemistry |
Why do some spicy foods hit hard and fade quickly (wasabi), while others start subtle but build up (flaming hot Cheetos), and others hit hard, stay a long time, and ruin my sleep (lamb vindaloo)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Its worth pointing out that Wasabi (and horseradish) contains a different spicy chemical than chilies. That's why you feel wasabi up in your nose, that chemical evaporates much more easily and you end up breathing it out, whereas the chemical that's in chilies is an oily liquid that doesn't really evaporate. These two ... | Chemistry |
Why does music sound slower when I'm sick? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your body temperature can deregulate your internal clock. Quoting [PubMed]( URL_0 ): > Experiments investigating timing behaviour in humans under conditions where body temperature was raised or (much more rarely) lowered, dating from 1927 to 1993, were reviewed. These tested the hypothesis that humans possess a tempera... | Biology |
What makes the earth rotate on its own axis ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Newton’s First Law An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This applies to rotation as well. It continues to rotate because there is nothing stopping its rotation. It originally was spinning mainly because during its creation, the matter ... | Physics |
Why does binary use 0 and 1 instead of 1 and 2? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The same reason our base-10 number system uses 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. There is no symbol 10 in base 10. Any base has symbols up to, but not including the base you say it is. So base 10 has symbols up to 9. Binary has all the symbols up to 1. | Mathematics |
Why is dimethylmercury so toxic? Can you be cured from mercury poisoning? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So usually, your body has a hard time holding on to metals. You're made of organic compounds which basically interact in a mechanical fashion. Metals are basically little ball bearings that would much rather stick to each other. If you drink a shot glass of mercury, pretty much the exact same amount of mercury is going... | Chemistry |
[MATHEMATICS] Why is any non-zero number to the power of zero is always 1? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To multiply that number by itself a certain number of times, we use an exponent. For example, three to the second power is three multiplied by itself 2 times, or 3*3=9. Let's look at a few examples: 3^5 = 3x3x3x3x3 = 243 3^4 = 3x3x3x3 = 81 3^3 = 3x3x3 = 27 3^2 = 3x3 = 9 3^1 = 3 = 3 You can also see that each time we re... | Mathematics |
Why are movies so quiet during normal dialogue, yet so loud during music score or action scenes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The movie sound recording is mixed for use in theaters, which have different standards for audio levels, having a large dynamic range. Its an artistic choice of sorts, to give impact to loud sounds like explosions, gun shots etc. They could of course remaster these levels for home audio, but they don't because it costs... | Other |
If 97/98% of climate scientists agree that global temps rising is probably man made, how are they remaining % able to publish peer reviewed journals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Peer review is not a "golden bullet" for detecting error or fraud. It's basically a "sanity check": Does this methodology and argument seem at least even plausible to someone else in the field? Has this author made really elementary errors or overlooked something really obvious? Does this article have even a possibilit... | Physics |
Why does (sometimes) a small electric shock occurs when people touch? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A shock is your nerves reacting to the movement of electrons. Electrons move from a place of high potential (many electrons) to a place of low potential (fewer electrons) because nature prefers balance. A person may gain electrons in many ways. Just walking across a carpet can do it. It really depends on many parameter... | Chemistry |
How does life on Earth recover after a mass extinction? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are always survivors after mass extinctions. Sometimes there's a lot, sometimes not so much. But they're always there. Those survivors branch out into newly unoccupied lands and niches. They evolve to fit those new climates and food webs. Slowly, they diverge from their original species, just as the original spec... | Biology |
Do perfect mirrors exist? Could you trap photons in a perfect mirror container? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Light *refraction* turns out to be the key to total light reflection on a surface. It's not really a mirror by definition, since the [total internal reflection]( URL_0 ) depends on the light's angle of incidence. It's the basis of fiber optic cables that can transmit pulses of light through snaking twists of a thin cab... | Physics |
I read that one of the symptoms of Syphilis is "an increasing onset of insanity", can someone explain how that works? What exactly happens? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | After a prolonged time there is a significant risk that the disease will spread to the brain. It's called [neurosyphilis]( URL_0 ). Neurosyphilis can occur at any time during syphilis sickeness but the risk is significantly higher with time. The inflammation of the brain causes a variety of neurological symptoms, from ... | Biology |
Why do we enjoy a cold drink so much more than a warm oder medium temperature one (Coke, cocktails, beer)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Temperature changes the flavor characteristics of food greatly. For example, cold makes you less able to taste properly compared to room temperature, in general. However, a lot of the draw of cool drinks is because it is a slight change on your system which is nice, like going from a snowy outside to a nice hot fire in... | Biology |
why can you touch both sides of a 9V battery, you can even do it with a wet tongue and hardly get shocked, but a taser with that same battery can knock you out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Tasers use circuits to * increase the voltage (some models go to 50 000 volts) * store the electricity from the battery in capacitors that can build up a charge over time and release it all very quickly There are DIY taser type circuits on line if you want to see what the circuits can look like | Chemistry |
-How do job interviewers find your social media account even when your name isn’t your social media username, along with other things about you? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Changing your name on Facebook is not nearly as effective as people think it is. Yeah it may discourage a few casual searchers, but if anyone really wants to find you, it only takes a small amount of extra effort. Think about it. They have your name, where you live, and your previous employers. Presumably you are going... | Other |
How/why gold rates rise and fall? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Gold is just like any other commodity. For all intents and purposes, there is a 'fixed' supply of gold, so the price goes up or down based on how many people are looking to buy and sell gold. Now, gold is special in that it has historically been seen as a good store of value during uncertain economic times. People have... | Economics |
Why do atomic nuclei with odd number of protons behave as magnets when introduced to a magnetic field? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The magnetism of an atom comes from its electrons. Each electron shell can hold a pair of electrons - one with "up" spin and one with "down" spin. Electron spin isn't the same as normal spinning, but it's also not *not* like normal spinning. The spin of the electron creates a tiny magnetic field. When the shell has bot... | Physics |
How are the high quality photos of microscopic creatures taken and why do they look fake? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They are not photos, at least not in any sense of the way most people understand photos. These are taken by a scanning electron microscope, then processed out into an image that we can recognize. So in a sense, yes they are computer generated 3D models, but they are based off of the exact measurements and readings of a... | Technology |
How open-source is better than proprietary software for security? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | (1) Lots of people can look at the code. This includes people smarter, dumber, richer and poorer than those who wrote the code, and so it is more likely that errors will get noticed and reported. (2) No financial incentive to keep bad code even when it's known to be faulty (looking at you Microsoft) (3) More developers... | Technology |
How was the number Pi invented and calculated? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pi is just a number, it wasn't "invented" any more than 1 or 2 or 3 was invented. The fact that all circles have the same ratio between their circumference and their diameter has been known for thousands of years. Presumably it was first calculated with a simple method like using a string to measure a circle's perimete... | Mathematics |
Barrels of oil : what do they mean ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Both, a barrel is 159 liters (a teensy bit less actually). They use it as a measure because they ship and sell it that way. It was an older convention that meant exactly both, now it means a measure of the amount, but they still use the older unit, and often still ship in barrels. | Other |
Why do online job applications ask you to submit your resume, but then ask you to manually fill in the information on said resume into the application itself? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your resume is usually a stylized document intended for a human to comfortably read. However a lot of recruiters use computer systems to filter and sort applications and these computers can not read the documents as easy. So they ask you to fill out the information in a form that can be read by a computer but also atta... | Other |
Why can we inhale smoke from weed but not wood? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think it's a bit unfair to compare the two as one is a dried flower and the other is wood, a hard structural part of the plant. Although I'm not exactly sure what a dried flower is composed of exactly I'm sure it contains cellulose and maybe some lignin, as well as other various organic compounds and in the case of a... | Chemistry |
How did the Earth form and how did it get all of its water, plants, and animals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Like all planets, it formed from dust and gas in the early solar system. As bits of dust stuck together, they slightly increased their mass, hence their gravity, attracting other bits of gas and dust until it grew to planet size. At some point, it seems that it was hit by another large body that ripped a big chunk of i... | Earth Science |
How do tax havens work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually these places are self- sufficient, meaning that the government is making enough money by themselves that taxing of the general people is not needed. Tax havens are what these are. Typically small, sovereign countries with a small population. Monaco, for example, is a tax haven for the rich and famous. The Monte... | Economics |
How do humans get "vibes?" | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In some cases the vibe is justified, it's based on real sensory input and your subconscious mind reaching a conclusion about a given situation without your conscious mind being fully aware of how. We would also call this "instinct", and it happens because, evolutionarily speaking, our ancestors that didn't develop this... | Other |
Why is there such thing as activation fees? Where does it originate from? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Originally, it was because there was a cost to set up a product or service. It wasn't all instant or quick and easy to do like it is now - getting a phone set up or programmed took time and certain knowledge, or involved a lot more physical work to properly install and program a SIM card or the like. For other things, ... | Economics |
Advocates of communism say that Soviet Russia wasn't a real communist government. What's separated it from a true communist style of government? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The confusion here arises because there are two common uses of the word 'communist.' A communist *society* is, per [Wikipedia's definition of Marxism]( URL_0 ), > a classless, stateless, humane society erected on common ownership The key word there is 'stateless'. There is no state/national government in a communist so... | Economics |
what is borderline personality disorder? My mother has it and I’m trying to understand her. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Best I can explain is it's an emotional rollercoaster. People with BPD experience emotions that dwarf a normal persons. So when they are happy, they can be ecstatic, when sad, they can be completely depressed and suicidal. An ex of mine had BPD and it wasn't easy for sure. They need a lot of patience and understanding,... | Psychology |
If I have a 1 light year long stick and push it, why does that information not travel instantly? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Information travels through materials in a wave at roughly the speed of sound in the material, not light. When you push on the end of a stick, you are pushing on atoms that then have to push on adjacent atoms, which push on adjacent atoms, etc.etc. until the far end of the stick moves. There is no such thing as a perfe... | Physics |
What makes the Caribbean Sea so clear? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The water in the Caribbean appears blue because it absorbs the red, yellow and green wavelengths of light while reflecting the shorter blue wavelengths of light. The Caribbean water is very clear due to the absence of suspended particles and plankton, further increasing the blue color. [Info taken from here]( URL_0 ) | Chemistry |
Why do certain setting changes on your computer or phone require the device to restart and other don’t? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you want to change your car's tires, you have to stop driving it while the work is being done. The tires are fundamental to the car's use, so they can't be changed *while* the car is being used. You can change the station on your car's radio any time you like, because the radio isn't fundamental. Same thing - if the... | Technology |
What benefit do stores receive for giving cash back to customers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cash is expensive for shops. It has to be counted and stored in a secure place. Banks in the UK charge businesses for depositing cash. This is because all that cash needs to be counted sorted and stored. Worn notes have to be picked out and sent back to be destroyed. It all costs money If they can reduce the amount of ... | Other |
What are the differences between dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Serotonin promotes long-term positive feelings, psychosis, and digestion. A lack of it causes depression and anxiety. An overdose can cause seizures and death. Dopamine helps with seeking behavior, medium-term pleasure, and movement. A lack of it can cause catatonia, dementia, and a few other disorders. Endorphins stan... | Biology |
Why have the salaries of athletes, actors, TV personalities, musicians way outpace salaries of traditional occupations over the past 100 years? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Increasingly, salaries are tied to how replaceable we are rather than anything about how hard our job is or how much work is involved. Cleaners work very hard and long hours, but you can get someone else in to take over a job immediately with little training if someone quits, so they are paid crap money. Doctors/nurses... | Economics |
How do time shares work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | At a very basic level, let's say a developer builds a timeshare with 10 units. You buy one week at one unit, so that is now your week and you have fractional ownership. When it's sold out, the timeshare is now collectively owned by 520 different people. At that point, the developer is out, they're done. They leave behi... | Other |
How do we know how much a currency cost next to the other? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The underlying reasons are complex and people debate that all the time - but the stability of the country, economic development, confidence all play a role. How is the value determined? Go to a bank and ask for an exchange. All the people wanting to exchange one way or the other means there is an exchange market - if m... | Economics |
Why do our backs get stiffer as we age and how do we stop the process? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your back has bones which are separated and cushioned by cartilage. With age, that cartilage degenerates, and in short, doesn't do it's job as well. At the same time, your muscles get weaker with age and can't support the spine as well. A third factor is that many back injuries or conditions *accumulate* - Pre-existing... | Biology |
What technologies are there so that your credit card information cant be stolen while in your wallet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Information on a credit card is presented in three ways 1.) In printed or raised lettering on the face of the card 2.) Encoded on a magnetic strip on the rear of the card 3.) Stored within a microprocessor located on a chip embedded in the card If a credit card is located within a wallet, it's safe to say that intercep... | Technology |
How come you can "feel" when someone is watching you? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can't actually tell other than by looking at where other people are looking. Humans are social animals and we look around quite a bit to check where others are looking without really noticing. Only when we detect someone looking our way do we take note, sometimes thinking we somehow knew we were being observed. But... | Biology |
why does shaking your muscles out after doing something strenuous make them feel better? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The general theory is that this encourages increased blood flow through inflamed muscles. This in tern allows built-up lactic acid to be flushed out. It's also effective to elevate your legs in rotation (e.g. put them up for 5 minutes, put them down), for the same reason. I do not know of any studies on this and - as s... | Biology |
Can you explain to me the order of mathematics to be learned from low level to university level? And why is the order in such way? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Here's how I learned math/would have learned math if I pursued a math degree in college. Addition - you can learn this using fingers Subtraction - it's the opposite of above Multiplication - This is really just lots of addition Division - this is the opposite of above Algebra - this teaches problem solving for an unkno... | Mathematics |
Is getting drunk/high an allergic reaction? what's the difference? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They're different things. In an allergic reaction, your immune system becomes sensitized to a non harmful foreign body and over reacts. The symptoms are caused by your immune system destroying the foreign bodies. Alcohol and drugs interfere with your brains normal functions. With some drugs, your brain treats them like... | Chemistry |
What is the biological/ psychological cause of people suddenly twitching while sleeping? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's called a myoclonic jerk and can be a sign of something serious like MS, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, lyme disease or Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease but in the case of sleep it's harmless. When you're falling asleep your brain's signals to the skeletal muscles are generally being inhibited but some of the neural "noise" ma... | Biology |
How come there are always 2 different brands of sodas which taste similar? (e.g. pepsi and coca-cola) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Company A makes a lemon-lime flavored soda that becomes popular. Company B wants to cut into the market and make a similar product. Thus Company B makes a lemon-lime flavored soda. However Company B can't use the same name as Company A so Company B gives their product a new name. Repeat as needed for each flavor that's... | Other |
Why can't we just use MAC addreses instead of the IP addreses? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A MAC address is unique identifier, but it doesn't tell you anything about *where* a device is. IP addresses are structured, routers can infer from the address which way it needs to send the message to get it towards its destination, without needing a giant database of individual addresses. Think of it like something s... | Technology |
What happens to plastics that are dumped into landfills? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It might not happen at all. "Plastic" is, of course, not a single material; there are many kinds of plastics. Many of them are eaten by some relatively rare bacteria; many of them cannot be eaten by any bacteria at all (because the carbon-carbon bonds in their structure are too strong for bacteria to break them down). ... | Chemistry |
If Neanderthals became extinct by breeding with humans, how were they a different species in the first place? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A lot of people classify both Neanderthals and modern humans as subspecies of the same species: *Homo sapiens neanderthalensis* and *Homo sapiens sapiens*. That’s still up for debate, but the interbreeding is a strong signal in its favor. There’s still a lot we don’t understand about the disappearance of the Neandertha... | Biology |
How are school authorities not able to control bullying? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First off, it is exaggerated in movies to make a more exciting story, and is not as common as TV or film would have you believe. Rather than physical abuse being very common, you get harassment and teasing more often. There are many many students and not enough adults to supervise all of them at once, so when students ... | Other |
Why can American workers lose their pensions when employers go bankrupt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pensions and 401ks are different. Pensions are paid by your employer. Every payday you make $2000 and your employer kicks in an extra $25 and when you retire you can draw off that fund that's been building since you started working there. And typically there are rules that say when you retire your pension will be at $X... | Economics |
Redbull & Alcohol. What is happening to our brains when we combine them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Alcohol is a depressant in that it slows down the central nervous system. When you're drunk you lose balance, become more emotional or angry and violent, and become tired. Red Bull has caffeine which is a stimulant in that it increases central nervous activity. However, when you take both at the same time, the alcohol ... | Biology |
What is the JD Power Award? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | JD Power is a marketing research firm. Companies shove piles of cash at Power and tell them, "Find out what our customers really want and what they really think of us." The companies then use that information to find out how to offer more appealing products and services. The awards that JD Power gives out are a marketi... | Economics |
How the fuck does the economy work in 2019? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | "No self-made billionaires" is often discussed in reference to an impromptu speech by Elizabeth Warren from a few years ago, though I'm sure she wouldn't say she invented the concept. The lines in that speech are things like: "Congratulations, you should be proud of all the work you did to build your company. But remem... | Economics |
Psychology/psychiatry- What is the rationale for”just following orders” when the orders are clearly cruel/immoral/illegal/deeply harmful to the victims? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's a few potential explanations for the way people can rationalize or justify their actions. Just following orders had an early 60s experiment by [milgram]( URL_4 ) In which case, lethal voltage was used on an actor by the unknowing test subjects. Most people continued doing as instructed, as long as it wasn't the... | Other |
Why is your reflection in a spoon upside down? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because the light from the top of your head that makes it to your eye had to bounce of the lower part of the spoon and light from the bottom of your head that makes it to your eye had to bounce of the upper part of spoon due to its curvature. Presto! Your face is upside down. And if you want [more detail.]( URL_0 ) | Physics |
Why are the keys on the keyboard not arranged in alphabetical order? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Early typewriters were designed so that letters often used together were spaced further apart on the keyboard so it would take longer to switch between them, lowering the risk of the “arms” with those letters being thrown up at the same time and slamming into each other. If you’ve ever used a mechanical typewriter and ... | Other |
How did smallpox kill hosts(based just on symptoms it doesn't actually seem that deadly)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The most common mode of death was asphyxiation due to the smallpox having infected the lungs and destroyed them. A lot of the victims were also just weak from their body having to focus on strengthening its immune system and replacing damaged cells rather then making sure muscles and nerves were working like they shoul... | Biology |
Why does naturally occurring things like flower petals, galaxies etc are shaped in Fibonacci spiral?? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They mostly don't. This is a somewhat mythical belief. Many sequences of numbers would generate similar "spiral" arrangements if plotted on a graph. The Fibonacci is the most widely known but is not very unique in that sense. Others relate the Fibonacci to the Golden Ratio etc but it is also known that there are infini... | Mathematics |
What is the TeV mass scale and what does it have to do with particles beyond the standard model? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ohh thats my paper! Its a rather old one of course, our latest version is [here]( URL_0 ) with a preliminary result [here]( URL_1 ). Anyways I feel honour bound to do an ELI5 of it now! Will do my best although its very late in Geneve so appologies if its not clear First, what do we mean by a scale? A scale refers to a... | Physics |
Suppose a government prints out $1 billion and distributes it across all its citizens, why would this hurt the economy and not make it thrive ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It wouldn't always hurt the economy, it depends on the situation. Generally speaking, money doesn't have a value on its own - it needs things to be spent on. If we add more money when lots of things are being bought, the effect is that people raise prices because they can't produce any more stuff in time, triggering in... | Economics |
Why do movies cost so much to make? Budgets are often in the millions. Is it the equipment? Paying the actors/crew? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I worked as a carpenter on movies in Toronto. One time a crew of 5 of us made a 'tank' for RoboCop2 I think it was. So we take a bread van and wrap the outside with MDF and stuff like that to change the shape and make armored windows that go up and down (sound effects and a guy inside pulling on a string.). Anyway what... | Economics |
Musicians sue each other due to copyright all the time. So why, for example, in modern Latin pop music, can different artists use the same (or nearly the same) drum beat/rhythm/tempo across many songs and not face lawsuits? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Copyright is tricky. You have to determine what is copyright-able when it comes to a song. Example, a few months ago, Katy Perry lost a copyright suit when a christian rapper said that the 8 tones used in a part of her song was similar to an 8 tone sequence in his song (they weren't the same notes, they were similar, b... | Other |
How does night vision cameras work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When it's dark there is not enough photons to trigger the sensors in our eyes. But there are still enough to trigger the sensors in an CCD camera. The processor inside the CCD camera increases the level of the received data so that there is a higher perceived brightness and as such you can see the details. More ELI5: B... | Technology |
Why Should We Not Wash A Cast Iron Skillet With Soap? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | That's fake news, or at least outdated. This dates back to when soap was basically lye and wound destroy everything in its path, including the seasoning on a cast iron pan. Cast iron pans have nonstick properties because over time polymerised grease builds up on the surface due to the high cooking temperatures, and it ... | Technology |
Why does blood not stick to human skin like a permanent marker, but will stain things like clothes so bad? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Blood is mostly water with a bit of protein. Skin is basically a barrier to keep your body's water inside you where it belongs, and water from outside from leaking in. In other words, it is a hydrophobic barrier... meaning that it is filled with material that made up of lipid (fat) that doesn't allow water to cross its... | Chemistry |
Why kettles make a "roaring" noise while they're heating up but then get quieter once they actually start boiling? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is about cavitation. When the kettle is on the way to boiling the water touching the heating element at the bottom boils and turns into steam bubbles, which rise and cool as they go because the water around them is cooler. When they get below a certain temperature they collapse and the water rushing in is what mak... | Chemistry |
Why do people say that supply-side, or trickle-down economics don't work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you're a baker. You know that every day, 100 people will come in to buy your bread. You can meet that demand with your current equipment and staff. Then, one day, you receive a tax break. Would you use that money to hire another employee or increase your oven space? If you're a responsible baker, you wouldn't. ... | Economics |
Why we can't stop time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The thing is, I doubt we are able to stand still in space either. Everything depends on the frame of reference. We can sit still relative to the earth, but the earth is still rotating and revolving, and the galaxy still spins, and the galaxies generally move apart from each other. Not only that, but assuming we did fin... | Physics |
How do modern bombs like MOAB actually work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The most ELI5 explanation I've ever seen for high explosives is that nitrogen just wants to be free man! Nitrogen really, really, *really* doesn't like being bonded to things that aren't one other nitrogen. They are the prudes of the chemical world. It's all about two nitrogens in a committed monogamous relationship fo... | Physics |
Why do airlines have ashtrays in the toilets when you can’t smoke ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Quoting this fantastic comment posted by /u/pixel_of_moral_decay in [this thread a few weeks ago]( URL_0 ) > The ashtray is actually one of my favorite engineering bits on an airplane. > The design parameters for aviation all center around one thing: redundancy. If something fails, you don't want it to cause a problem.... | Other |
Why do some fabrics become more comfortable the more they are washed (such as bedsheets) and some fabrics get less comfortable (such as fleece)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't know about the more comfortable part, but I know why fleece gets scratchy and uncomfortable the more it's washed. It's because you're not washing it properly. Fleece should be washed inside out if possible, on cold, and never ever dried on a high heat. The problem is that the fibers in fleece fuse together and ... | Physics |
Why do people sharpen knives with lower grit level? Why cant they just sharpen with highest grit level whetstone? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends what you're trying to do. A lower grit is coarser and removes more material than a high/fine grit. If you're trying to sharpen a blade from blunt/dull, you need to pull a lot of material off the blade to bring the edge back to something close to its desired shape. If you're just honing an already-sharp knife... | Other |
how do slow motion cameras at high FPS counts work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A traditional camera may record at 60 frames per second. Which means you have 60 images in one second of record time. Each image is taken at 1/60th of a second intervals. For a cameras with higher frame rates, more images are taken in a second at much smaller time intervals. Alot of times more light is needed when reco... | Technology |
How do rocket scientists know for sure that the payload is not going to crash into a space junk while being deployed to space ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They track every piece of junk they know of. But once you are out of orbit, space is beyond huge. Here's a example. When putting a probe out into space, and it has to pass through the asteroid field, they don't even have to check they just launch it through. Because even in the belt, there is so much 'space' you'd prob... | Technology |
How can we see a full moon during the daytime if we can also see the sun? (Given that the full moon is due to the reflection of the sun on the moons surface) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The geometry for this only works when the sun is near setting soon after the moon has risen or vice versa. Because the moon, earth and sun aren't usually in a direct straight line the light can illuminate virtually the whole face that we can see in those circumstances. In a similar fashion, a very new moon is less like... | Other |
Why is "proof" on alcoholic beverages twice the percentage of alcoholic content? Why not simply just label the percentage? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | **ELI10**: Way back in the day people in England used to measure the amount of alcohol in something by soaking gunpowder with it and seeing if it burned. The lowest amount of alcohol content needed for it to burn was called 100 proof and was about 57% alcohol by volume. Add a few centuries, lots of math and a bunch of ... | Chemistry |
Why is short selling not prohibited? What benefit do we get from loaning stock? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The theory is that is actually an important part of the system to keep a fair balance. One side of the equation is buying stock - making them more rare and increasing the price. The other side is loaning stock and selling it bringing the price down. Resulting in a fair price somewhere in between. Removing one side of t... | Economics |
Why does receiving an electrical shock through cold hands have less of an effect on you than with warm hands? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I..... don't really have experience shocking myself at varying temperatures, so I can't really speak to the pain part of this question, but more generally speaking, many materials (and specifically water-based ones, like a human being for example) are better conductors of electricity at higher temperatures. So, hotter ... | Physics |
how is LED different from an incandescent? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Incandescent bulbs heat a filament, or wire. That wire creates light from the heat. Think of a heater or stove glowing when it gets hot. The same thing is at play here, which is why incandescents get very hot. LEDs run power through diode, or a place where electrons like to play. The power excites these electrons in th... | Technology |
What does a PC monitor do that a television does not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | At its core, nothing. But the specs tend to be different, as different things are more useful for TVs versus PCs. Apples to apples between resolution, size, refresh rate, response time, color space, brightness, and pixel density - they should be about the same price. PC monitors often have higher refresh rates (not in ... | Technology |
How are "jumbo" sunflower seeds made? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It could be either, and you wouldn’t need to genetically modify the plants. Ignoring the taboo around GMOs, we’ve been selectively breeding plants to reduce the size of their seeds for decades, maybe centuries at this point. Watermelons, bananas, grapes: They all used to have large seeds, but now you can easily buy see... | Earth Science |
Why do some books have "This page has been intentionally left blank" page? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The pages of a book are printed on very large sheets of paper with several pages on each sheet; they're then cut and folded into book form. Even if no cutting is involved, you still have four pages per sheet (two on each side). This means that the number of pages in your book will be a multiple of however many pages ar... | Other |
Is it illegal/unconstitutional to communicate with foreign officials during a presidential campaign? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | No, not in and of itself. And that's not really the reason Flynn was pushed out. As the other posters mentioned, the Logan Act prohibits anyone from negotiating with a foreign government on behalf of the United States without explicit authority to do so. There has also long been an informal "one president" rule, under ... | Other |
From where do we get our helium (from the atmosphere / from mining), and through which industral process? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Commercial Helium is extracted from Natural gas Helium collects underground, possibly as the result of the radioactive decay of Thorium and Uranium. A refining process of Low-temperature condensation produces Helium concentrate (80-85%) and is further refined by removing impurities like Neon. Basically if you put any m... | Chemistry |
why do oil slicks appear rainbow? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is due to a phenomenon called "thin-film interference" The oil layer is extremely thin, on the order of just a few wavelengths of visible light. As the thickness varies, it moves between exact even and odd multiples of specific wavelengths (colors) of light, preferentially reflecting one specific color and absorbi... | Chemistry |
How does carbon dating work, (e.g. “... between 13.2 to 14.8 million years old”)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | [Carbon dating]( URL_0 ) doesn't go nearly that far back; more like 50k years. But the way it works is radioactive carbon-14 is being created in the atmosphere constantly, and some of it is incorporated into plant and animal tissue, along with the much-more common carbon-12. After the plant or animal dies, it stops tak... | Earth Science |
Why does dragging a scissor along a length of ribbon cause it to curl? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is actually a well studied phenomena and the reason is pretty cool. Basically you are stretching one side of the material more than the other side and that deformation persists after you run the blade down the ribbon. Since one side contracts more than the other side it tends to curl naturally. | Physics |
How do math equations work? Why do they work they way they do, and how did people come up with it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you are a caveman, a long, long time ago. You have to hunt for your food and seek shelter to protect yourself from wind and rain (and probably other predators that want to eat you). During the day you gather wood so that you can light a fire at night and keep yourself warm. Chopping and carrying wood is a diffi... | Mathematics |
Why can we sometimes not inhale all the way, and why does that 'extra bit' feel better when we do? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You normally breathe in and out a 'tidal volume' of 500ml, however your lungs will allow you to inhale an extra 2500ml or so ('inspiratory reserve volume'). The work you have to do to do this goes up exponentially as you fill up - more pressure difference results in less and less air entry - until you can't do any more... | Biology |
How does an empty product equal 1? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | '1' is the "identity" number for multiplication. That means that when you multiply by 1 it does nothing to the original number. So if there were no multiplication done the number that's left behind would be the identity number for multiplication. So... when you have an existing multiplication list and you add one more ... | Mathematics |
What is the doppler effect ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine a really still pond. If you poke your finger in it it makes a ripple going outwards in a circle. If I keep poking the same spot I get more circles coming out of that one spot. Now imagine instead you move your hand slowly but steadily in one direction while poking the water. The circles will be offset from each... | Physics |
How come smoking weed for me intensifies my pain rather than masks it like it does for other people? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First off : you might simply be using the wrong strain. Different strains have (somewhat) different effects. It doesn't seem to be terribly clear cut - the genetics of sativa and indica strains have huge levels of crossovers, and are rarely exactly what they're claimed to be. But as a general rule look for an Indica (h... | Biology |
If two photons approach each other, what is their relative velocity? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You'd initially think that they'd perceive each other as double the speed of light, but that's actually not true. The speed of light, in a vacuum is the same for all observers no matter what their speed is. So, two photons approaching each other at c (speed of light) will perceive each other approaching at c and their ... | Physics |
Why does getting my blood drawn hurt terribly sometimes, but at other times I don’t feel a thing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I do think it's the skill most of the time. My veins are very difficult to find so some nurses have to poke around with the needle, others can hit the vein without any problems. If you're already tensed or nervous about something else (and it's short term), it might get your adrenaline up so you'll feel less anyway, bu... | Biology |
How does flossing keep your gums healthy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Gums and teeth are harmed by a build up of bacteria in the mouth. Brushing your teeth removes a lot of it, but some hides between the teeth. These spots serve as "seeds" for the bacteria to spread out from; assuming adequate food, bacteria will increase faster the more you start with. Flossing cleans places that brushi... | Biology |
Why do some countries use such high denomination currencies (e.g. Vietnam, India, etc) whilst others use lower denominations (e.g. UK, US, etc)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The answer is inflation. When prices in a country rise you can buy less with the same amount of money. We see this in countries like the UK, where things that were 50p ten years ago now cost a pound. The UK often has an annual inflation of less than 5% Sometimes annual inflation is extremely high, and can even be in th... | Economics |
Where does wind come from? I thought it came from clouds but I've just had two really windy days with no clouds in sight | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hot air goes up, usually heated by the sun. Some cold air comes rushing in to get the place of the previous air, and wind is created. Earth's rotation and different heating on different spots also contributes to winds, but is basically hot air going up and could air coming to take its place. | Earth Science |
How did the first weight get weight to know how much it weights? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It more-or-less went, "We need to define a weight, so we take this object and say that it defines the unit and calibrate our scales to match." In the case of the kilogram, it was defined as "the mass of one liter of water," and so no matter how massive one kilogram of water actually was, that mass set the definition. | Mathematics |
How do buffets not get put out of business? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You'd be surprised. At most restaurants, the cost of the actual ingredients is not the biggest part of the overhead, by a long shot. Most of the money that goes into your meal cost is going into overhead, wages, etc. That's why restaurants are perfectly happy cooking you another meal for free if you don't like the firs... | Economics |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.