question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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why can you stick different parts of your body(head, hand, finger) in small gaps really easily but you can't take them back out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One of the reasons (besides the mentioned swelling) is that when you push, say, an arm through a gap, you are stretching skin and flesh (think pulling up a sock), which makes the limb thinner. When you are pulling it out, skin and flesh crumples in the gap and makes the limb thicker. To see it in an easier way: Wear a ... | Physics |
The US senate has special powers the house lacks. What powers are unique to the House Of Representatives? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The House can impeach the president. Bills of revenue and spending must originate in the house (there’s a technical workaround but by the constitution they have to start in the house). If there’s a tie for the presidency, the house gets to decide who is the president. The speaker is third in line of succession to the p... | Other |
Given that x-rays have more energy than visible light and radiowaves have less energy than visible light, how come visible light can't penetrate walls but x-rays and radiowaves can? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is my understanding (from my sibling who has a physics degree. So, fair warning, I may bring misunderstanding or misexplaining what I was told.) Transparency isn't about a wave being strong enough or fast enough to get through a material. It's more like having the right shape to fit through a space then it is like... | Physics |
Why does corn « pop », and not other vegetables? Why don’t we have pop-zucchini for instance? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Corn pops because it's basically pure starch in a hard shell. Other starchy grains puff (Rice Krispies are basically rice's popcorn) but they don't pop because rice is puffed after the shell is removed and even brown rice doesn't really pop because the rice outer coating isn't as stiff as corn's shell. Puffed wheat exi... | Chemistry |
Why do matches smell sulfuric only after they go out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sulfur plus flame plus oxygen = sulfur dioxide. Sulfur + heat + oxygen below the combustion temperature = various other sulfur compounds that aren't sulfur dioxide. Hence the smell. So2 is a pungent irritating gas, but not exactly rotten egg sulfur smelling in the way that hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur are. | Chemistry |
Cell phone tower radiation. Is it dangerous to live near a cell tower? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cell phone towers emit non-ionizing radiation. This type of radiation is also emitted by televisions, cell phones, microwaves, fish, your mother, and dirt. If one receives a significant enough dosage, the health risk is "getting a burn" as this form of radiation, when absorbed, generates heat. Recommend to your mother ... | Technology |
Why do videos get higher pitched when sped up and lower pitched when slowed down? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sound is vibration. When you visually map a sound wave, it looks like a sine wave. The pitch is mainly determined by how close together each peak of the wave is (that very top of the hill of the wave). If you have 500 peaks every second, it's a 500 Hertz wave. If you have only 100 peaks per second, it's a 100 Hertz wav... | Technology |
How can my phone contact emergency services, despite signal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Carriers, by law, are forced to accept an emergency call from any device capable of communicating on their network (even if it's not a type of device whitelisted for their customers), regardless if the caller is a current subscriber or not For example, if only a Verizon-owned tower can be reached by someone who doesn't... | Technology |
How come even though the US economy is doing as good as it's been since 2007 and we aren't at war our national debt continues to increase? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Why would anyone go to war with the united states over are debt? that would actually be the absolute worst thing they could do. Basically the united states is like a guy that borrows 10 dollars from people all the time. Sure it gets annoying at times, but he always pays people back 12 dollars. Someone punching him out ... | Economics |
What Is Visual Snow, Why Does It Exist & Does Every Human Have It? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s considered as a disease, or at least as a symptom of a disease (Lyme disease, for example), so no, everyone does not have it. It happens when a part of you cerebral cortex goes into overdrive, causing your ocular nerves to misinterpret information. As for what it is, you can picture it as the visual noise on a bro... | Biology |
What is an Identity Crisis? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually a period of time in which you realize that you don't know yourself at all. Either you're realizing that you have forgotten who you are or that you've fashioned an artificial identity based on the wants and desires of others and not your own. Often triggered a significant that brought a lingering suspicion into ... | Psychology |
why does water form a bunch of little bubbles when left in a glass for a few hours, or overnight? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Air (or at least some gasses in air, like oxygen and nitrogen) can get dissolved into water, and eventually it'll be released by the water. Water can carry more gasses when it's cold (or under pressure), so as it warms to room temperature they're released. Think of it like the opposite of dissolving sugar or salt in ho... | Chemistry |
How do we know how many calories are in something? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It can be put into a machine, set on fire, then the amount of energy released from the food can be calculated, then converted to calories. Fun fact, when we talk about calories we usually mean ‘kilocalories’, which is why labels usually write ‘kcal’. So that 150kcal bag of crisps actually means 150,000 calories. We jus... | Chemistry |
Why is a warm weather front called a "pressure high", although warm air is less dense and therefore lighter? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Don't confuse density and pressure. Warm air at equal density to colder air will be at higher pressure. That said, the warm air mass behind a warm front will tend to rise over the colder air. This is why you see descending clouds as the front approaches. Fronts generally circle low pressure systems, not high pressure. | Earth Science |
Why does citrus taste so bad after you brush your teeth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What happens here is actually a lot of fun to look at. Orange Juice contains (naturally or added) sugars, which provide sweetness. It also contains a large amount of citric acid and has a pH of 3.2 to 3.5, so it's rather sour. Combining the sweet and sour notes yields the well known taste of oranges. Remove one, and th... | Other |
What are some 'legitimate' reasons for setting up a shell corporation? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Say you just bought a controlling share in a company that makes the same things as your company. They had a lot of bad ideas and bad people, but lots of good ones too. So you transfer the good people to your company, and fire the bad ones. You take the good ideas and put them in your product and chuck the bad ones. But... | Economics |
How is it that the distance between Earth and the moon can supposedly fit all of the planets, but pictures show the moon relatively close to Earth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | [Well here's a picture of the Moon and Earth drawn to scale.]( URL_1 ) Most of the picture is just black space, which is useful in situations like this where you want to gauge the distance between them, but for most illustrating purposes you usually just want to show the two bodies together with the moon slightly furth... | Other |
Where in deep space do we look to see the early universe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Like u/HexedPedestrian said, The Universe has no center - and the Big Bang had no center either, really. From what we know right now, it looks like the Big Bang happened everywhere at once and everything is still expanding away from everything else in space. Since light takes time to travel (not a lot - light is the fa... | Physics |
Why do hotels put bibles in their drawers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The hotels don't. An organization known as the Gideons places the bibles in hotel rooms, under the belief that it is important for everyone traveling to have access to the Bible, and that having access to the Bible when in a hotel room will guide non-believers to the word of God. | Other |
What exactly is free Gibbs energy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Okay lets take a look at thermal energy. Everything contains thermal energy according to Temperature times Mass times Specific Heat Capacity (material property). So E=c*T*m That means the oceans at roughly 280 Kelvin and an insane mass contain a lot of energy. But we can't use it, because of thermodynamics. To make the... | Chemistry |
How do restaurants with trackers know where you sit with pinpoint precision? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is another device attached to the table that can tell it the table number through short range wireless (RFID). The system associates a tracker's ID with the order number. When the tracker is places on the table, it reads the table number from the RFID tags under the table and sends it to main device, along with t... | Technology |
How does our brain subconsciously pick a laugh to use and why does it change over time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I would say this is as much social as it is biological. There are always social factors determining how one ought to laugh in a given situation, and social sanctions ("his laugh is so weird") are in place to punish and discourage laughs that are outside what a culture says is okay at any moment. There's a biological re... | Biology |
Why is there a cancer warning on a box of Hello Kitty wafer cookies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In cali the there is proposition 65 which means you need to warn people about subtances that may cause cancer. Companies just label it to protect themselves from lawsuits since food has colour 456, preservative 78, stabiliser 209. All these chemicals they may or may not cause cancer but they just put that warning there... | Other |
Why is the sea calm in the mornings? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are two types of waves which can turn a flat sea into a rougher one - swell waves and wind waves. Swell waves can arrive at any time of day, but because wind waves are generated by the wind, they only develop when the wind begins to blow steadily. Since wind speeds are often low at night, and increase during the ... | Earth Science |
How is it that exactly 1 litre of pure water weighs exactly 1 kilogram? Were the measures set up with reference to water or is it a coincidence? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It was originally defined as 1 kg = 1 lt water, but then they made a platinum block to be the standard. Now it's defined by the Planck constant, which relates the energy of light particles to their frequency (more energy = higher frequency = shorter wavelength). And it still equals the weight of 1 litre water. | Chemistry |
How does the purple in glue sticks disappear? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Standard Elmer's Glue is white and turns clear when it tries. That is because it is made out of polyvinyl acetate floating in water. PVA has a different index of refraction than water. That means that any light that enters into it ends up getting stuck and bouncing back like a guy trying to walk through a mosh pit at a... | Chemistry |
Why are humans always in heat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Many animals have a specific mating season to try and time their births with the seasons rather than trying to raise young in the winter. Humans come from a place that has little seasonal variety and are useless infants for over a year, so there’s no value in trying to time births with seasons - they can mate year roun... | Biology |
Why do men have more blood than women of a similar size? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1 - blood is inversely proportional to body fat percentage. And on average females have more fat then males at the same weight and height 2 - menstruation causes women to lose some blood, that needs to be replaced 3 - it has been shown that higher levels of testosterone causes more blood production. (And faster clottin... | Biology |
why do sometimes our body suddenly shivers when we pee? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So we have these two systems controlling our body functions: one that makes us ready for action (sympathicus) and one that relaxes us (parasympathicus). The latter needs to get activated to allow us to pee and it sometimes 'overshoots' its effects a bit, thus leaving us with this sort of relaxing shiver. You can also h... | Biology |
Why are movie directors often blamed for bad movies, when they usually have very little (if any) to do with the story and screenplay? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The majority of how a movie feels is the directors influence. Pacing and tone are essential to a movie, and directors handle that as much as a screenwriter does. There are lots of movies with good dialogue but bad pacing that feel like bad movies, and vice versa. ( I’m too tired to think of examples right now, sorry) T... | Other |
Why is it impossible to imagine a new colour? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A better way to word this would be, "Why *would* it be possible to imagine a hue that is completely outside one's experience, to the point where the neurological circuitry to process such a hue may not even exist?" Anything you can imagine or visualize is necessarily going to be informed by and at least in part based o... | Other |
What actually is the Barbra Streisand effect? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The origin was, there was a project in California to map the coastline of California. Countless pictures were taken of the coast. One of those pictures contained Barbara Streisand's house. She didn't want pictures to be out in the public and sued over privacy... however the act of suing cause far more attention, and fa... | Other |
Why can satellite television service easily play high quality movies/shows, while satellite internet service buffers videos constantly even in low quality? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Satellite TV is broadcast; the satellites "blindly" send TV just once, and everyone watches it at the same time. Easy peasy, but you have fewer choices of what to watch ("500 channels and nothing on"). Satellite internet is two-way. Unfortunately, the delay between transmission and reception for geostationary satellite... | Technology |
How does the motion of rocking soothe a baby or, say, an adult on a hammock? What is it about the motion that appeals to or calms us? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The rocking motion has the effect of helping to synchronize the brain for sleep — both to fall asleep more quickly and possibly to achieve longer periods of deep, uninterrupted sleep. Maybe also this is a subliminal memory of being in the womb and feeling comforted by a mellow rock as the mother walked about. | Biology |
Why do noodles have to be boiled to become soft, why can’t you soak them in cold water? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So from the other comments we know that both cold and hot water works, but hot water works better. But why? It's because the noodles are solid that can absorb water. On a microscopic level, water molecules will hit the noodle and get absorbed with some chance. Hot water molecules move faster, and will collide more ofte... | Chemistry |
How does drafting work? Is it possible for humans to run behind a large vehicle that’s traveling at speeds faster than they are capable of reaching? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Drafting reduces the air drag forces by moving within a pocket of low pressure air left behind a vehicle or object moving forward in front of you. As a big truck (for example) drives along a road it has to push the air out of its way and it takes some time for the air to collapse back in behind it as it moves. So there... | Physics |
How do sunken manmade structures sometimes become reefs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Reefs are the results of living organisms growing along rocks, or each other. Coral excretes calcium carbonate to form their skeletons. They prefer to grow on certain rock types or on the skeletons of other corals, but sometimes a sunken ship is sufficient for them to grow on, and is preferable to a sandy area. | Biology |
Why does ice melt in water faster then in e.g. sauna (yes i have tested) even if the water is cold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | very simple, Air is a horrible transfer medium for energy, Water is a good tranfter medium for energy. It takes longer for the energy in the air to flow to the ice cube then the energy in the water to flow in the ice cube, When when there is steam in the air, its still maybe 50% humidity compared to 100% humidity in wa... | Chemistry |
why is it that when a certain song comes on while you’re working out, it gives you the motivation to push harder and finish the workout/set? Is it a placebo effect or is there actually a scientific connection to it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is my best attempt at an explanation based on what I remember about hormones and neurotransmitters from paramedic school (it's been a while, though): A connection to a song gets a person excited. Getting excited releases dopamine, a hormone that causes you to seek out more 'excitement' to release more dopamine so ... | Biology |
how does 1s complement subtraction algorithm work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Looking at the link you gave it's no surprise you're confused, it's like he's deliberately trying to make it bad. The idea is this: Say you want to figure out what 15 - 10 is. This is the same as figuring out what 15 + (-10). 15 in binary is: Sign | 8's | 4's | 2's | 1's | Decimal ---|---|----|----|----|---- 0 | 1 | 1 ... | Mathematics |
In Firefighting, why does the steam (212 degrees) created from hitting the fire with a hose seem so much hotter than the super-heated air and gasses which are actually much hotter? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not at all true that steam can't get above 212 degrees (F) without being pressurized. LIQUID WATER can't get above 212 degrees without being pressurized. Steam can get just as hot as any other gas. Now, shooting water into the fire will absolutely reduce temperatures...but it will also probably burn anyone in that... | Physics |
How does scar tissue work? And why does some wounds leave scars and others don't? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, simply put it doesn't work. It's skin, but it has no elasticity in it, and cannot move the same way other skin (normal skin) Depth is the main deciding factor on how much/little a wound will scare, but it also has to do with genetics, how wide a wound is, how healthy you are, and other variables. Your body lacks ... | Biology |
Why do sugary drinks such as Kool Aid and Hawaiian Punch seem not to get cold despite how much ice one adds in it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's the sugar. Adding sugar to a drink gives it more mass/volume than an equivalent volume of water. Koolaid is essentially sugar water. Sugar's heat capacity is less than that of water (it can store less heat per unit of mass), but not low enough to not have an effect. In this case, a 2:1 mixture of sugar/water will ... | Chemistry |
How does scientists calculate the surface area of planets and/or landmasses on Earth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The surface area of a sphere has a known formula. This can be derived using calculus. More accurate surface area calculations can be used by applying that same calculus to a more accurate oblate ellipse of the Earth's cross section, like the [WGS 84]( URL_0 ) model. Planets, are just like Earth, but the data is not as ... | Mathematics |
Why is the Sun deep red/orange in up close pictures but rarely looks that color from Earth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | "Up close pictures" are heavily reduced in brightness so detail is visible. Otherwise your picture of the sun would just be a white circle which isn't particularly helpful. Many astronomy pictures are edited in such a way, as the human eye isn't as capable as the telescopes used to capture data. Certain wavelengths can... | Earth Science |
When an object is above water, the shadow is distinct. When an object is below water, the shadow is also distinct. But if the object is on the surface of the water, the shadow is distorted. Why does this happen? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Let's confirm that you're talking CALM water here, because your three conditions during choppy water, such as a ball on or over a windy lake, completely differs. In that case the shadow is distorted when the object is above the water too. There are two factors (possibly more that I'm not thinking of) that are affecting... | Physics |
How do snails get their shells? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They grow them, in the same way that we human grow fingernails and hair. The material of the shell is excreted over time; it just so happens that the way it's excreted in a snail causes the shell to grow in a spiral pattern. BTW, the tip of the snail's shell is actually the snail's baby-sized shell. It's just kept addi... | Biology |
How did our eyes ever think 240p was crystal clear? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Keep in mind that you are viewing these videos on a much higher resolution device. If you view a 240p video on an 4k monitor, without zooming it, it'll be like 1/10th the size of the screen. If you view the same video on an SD TV it'll take up much more of the screen without having ot stretch. When you stretch it to sa... | Technology |
Why do most Asian people have clear skin, is it just in their genes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Asking why a certain ethnicity has certain traits *is* typically because of their genes--though environmental issues can certainly have an affect as well. If you google this topic, it appears one likely non-genetic contributor to this is cultural in that they tend to always use sunscreen and avoid the sun...which is of... | Biology |
Most countries are in x amount of debt. Usually, the debt just keeps increasing. When do you pay it back? Why would a country pay off its debt if it can function just as normal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | "Why would a country pay off its debt if it can function just as normal?" Just like any loan, you pay interest on the debt. The more debt incurred, the higher the interest payments. So even though the country can keep borrowing money, they will eventually find that the interest will eat in to their budget and you get a... | Economics |
WHY does weed make you paranoid? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It does not! Why are you saying that? Who put you up to this? Are you a cop? Because if you are, you have to tell me? Here, put these sunglasses on, that way the drones can't take your picture. How'd you find me anyway? Are you sure you're not a cop? | Biology |
What makes a belly button an innie or an outie? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The umbilical cord is cut at typically the same place for everyone, so this doesn't determine outtie versus innie. What happens for the average innie belly button is that the cord is cut, and the remainder of it shrivels up and falls off in level with the stomach. The child then develops more fat around the belly butto... | Biology |
How do fireworks have direction, like in the case of fireworks that create hearts or smiley faces? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you see these designs in the sky, you're actually seeing a group of firework shells exploding at the same time. A firework display uses hundreds of launchers at a time in their shows to get the effects you see. For example, a heart shaped image can be 10 different fireworks exploding at the same time. They are sho... | Chemistry |
How does NASA figure out where to send rovers when sending them to outer space? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The rovers that landed on Mars were launched after nearly 50 years of study from orbit and other probes. Plus centuries of observation from Earth. URL_0 Find an area on the planet that has stuff you want research using the sensors on the probe, has the terrain the rover can navigate. There are studies with the scientis... | Technology |
why are the dials of my watch brighter in the dark if I don't look at them directly? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Answer: It is probably because of the way your retina works. In the center of your field of view, you mostly have cones which are sensible to colored light and see precisely but struggle to see in the dark. The further you go from that, the more rods you have. Tods see light in black and white, but are very sensitive t... | Physics |
Is it entirely impossible to image natural colors with telescopes? If it is not, why wouldn't we use that capability to image potential Earth-likes in search of green? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is possible, but it's not effective for things that are TOO far away. I'm talking cosmic scale distances. You can see Mars or Venus well enough, but it won't work for planets orbiting starts on other systems. The reason is because light gets somewhat distorted when passing through lenses. Some wavelengths more than ... | Other |
If banks lend out our money and typically only keep 10%, how does the money enter the banking system again? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I bank big (really big) business. Yes they have bank accounts just like you do. They just have a bunch that they use for different things. Walmart has a receivables account where they receive credit card transactions and deposit money from the stores. They will have a payables account that they pay vendors and supplies... | Economics |
How do Artists and Music Producers make sure that their music does not sound like any other song or composition on the planet, and so there are no copyright infringements, since it is not practically possible to listen to every song? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The short answer is: They don't. Musicians generally don't cross-reference an idea or song they've made with others, because of the nature of music being an art form, and a form of self-expression. There's a certain amount of leniency and flexibility when it comes to one song sounding like another. This, of course, rai... | Other |
Math: In Poker, when trying to evaluate how likely it is that you will make the best hand by the river, it's assumed that the cards that'll make your winning hand are still in the deck, when they could have actually been dealt and folded already. Why is this? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When drawing a card the odds that it will be any one particular card are 1 in 52. The odds that it will be **somewhere else** are 51 in 52 - that somewhere else could be still in the deck, mucked or in someone else's hand. Where that card is doesn't change the statistical odds. Excepting of course that the odds reduce ... | Mathematics |
Why are computers unable to decode CAPTCHA? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Google uses captchas to make you do their job. You might have seen text pics from actual books a lot recently. These texts are actually from books which Google's OCR couldn't understand. This was done for making digital books by Google. Also nowadays they tell you to find how many number plates, or sign boards, house n... | Technology |
What happens if we boil an egg with oil instead of water ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You'd probably set your house on fire. The boiling point of most cooking oils is well over 500 degrees F, at which point it will be putting out lots and lots of toxic, foul smelling smoke and possibly ignite. It is tremendously unsafe to boil cooking oil. Your egg will be overcooked and burnt in seconds, and the high t... | Other |
What is it about "artificially low" interests rates that causes concerns of a big recession? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Here's my understanding... It's not that the artificially-low interest rates will cause the recession. Interest rates are jsut one of the tools that the Fed uses to control spending in the economy. So it's the cost of borrowing money. When the cost of borrowing money is cheap (low interest rates), it's supposed to trig... | Economics |
Why do clothes shrink in the dryer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually, only certain kinds of clothes shrink in the dryer. Cotton shrinks in cold water because the fabric shriveles up and contracts, until heated. If you wash it in cold water then don't dry it in enough heat, it remains shrunk. Synthetic fabric like polyester shrink from heat in the dryer because the fibers slightl... | Chemistry |
Do movement of electrons in an atom consume energy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Saying that an "electron" moves around an atom is inaccurate. You know that pretty picture of the electrons orbiting the atom? Completely wrong The electron orbitals are more like clouds. The electron exists somewhere in that cloud and everywhere in that cloud. You can't follow it going in a circle because you can't kn... | Physics |
How Does Caffeine Increase Running Performance? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Former Track and Field athlete here, I'm not fluent in biology and only studied it for one class in college, but I will try to do my best. The biggest thing to understand is that most studies talk about caffeine from coffee and only coffee. Caffeine does two very specific things to boost running performance. 1) It send... | Chemistry |
if clouds are masses of condensed water, then how come if a plane flies through it, the plane does not get wet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Why do you assume they don't get wet? There will be some water on the plane but not a large amount. Compare to what happen if you drive a car trough mist/fog that is like a cloud at ground level. It is not a huge amount of water that stick on the car. A plane is faster so it passes trough more clouds/mist per unit of t... | Chemistry |
how does suddenly feinting work? Shouldn't there be enough oxygen left in the blood? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fainting is sudden loss of consciousness. Feinting is a sudden deceptive or distracting move, as in a fight. People who faint from shock or sudden excitement do so from a reflex that dilates blood vessels and lowers heart rate. This reduces blood flow to the brain; it doesn't matter how much oxygen is in the blood if t... | Biology |
Why do some foods, like peanuts, "fill you up" in smaller quantities than other food? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The *feeling* of being full is linked to, but eventually different from being actually full. Peanuts have a compound called mercaptoacetate (thioglycolate) , that is known to inhibit the feeding response. Peanuts are also known to increase sensitivity to leptin, a hormone that tells your body that you are full. Finally... | Biology |
Why does french baguette taste amazing fresh out of the oven but then stales within a few hours, compared with other fresh breads that can last for at least a day or two? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | French person here : proper baguette should not dry out / be stale in a matter of hour. They should last a full day and a half, at least. Supermarkets don't really make proper bread, so comparing their baguettes to real ones is like comparing Subway bread to any other bread... Sliced loaves of bread are pretty unnatura... | Chemistry |
I use two weather apps. One of them says 85% chance of rain this afternoon, the other one says 0%. Why are same-day weather forecasts so wildly inaccurate in 2016? Shouldn't we be kind of good at this by now? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Adding to other comments on weather modelling and data, it depends on where the raw data comes from. In Australia, the government weather bureau is not used by most popular weather apps - e.g. Apple weather, Yahoo weather and Android's default weather app. They use a service called Weather Underground, which crowd-sour... | Other |
Why do we call them drones and not "fancy RC helicoptors"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some drones today have semiautonomous features that can help them fly back to the point of departure in the event of signal loss or a low battery state. RC copters have a tail rotor, and no autonomous features, and are generally piloted by people that know what they're doing, not just some asshole with money to burn. | Technology |
how does the geometry of a bike change performance? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are a huge amount of factors that go into the geometry of a bike, but the main idea is changing the relationship between the various contact points and components to alter how they work in comparison to each other. For a few examples; The angle of the head tube controls the angle that the forks sit at - by changi... | Physics |
How can we tell hot and cold object apart? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You have nerves in your skin to detect a lot of things. The way all of them *broadly* work is that the nerve cells contain some kind of protein that will change shape in response to a stimulus, and when that happens the nerve cell fires. So, imagine a protein that acts kind of like a [memory metal]( URL_0 ). It has a c... | Biology |
What is the concept behind the placebo and nocebo effect and how does a human struggle to differentiate between imagination and reality? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The simple version: Our conscious perception of the world around us comes from both (a) the stimuli in the world and (b) our expectations. Overall, people grossly underestimate the size of the effect that our expectations have on our perceptions. The placebo and nocebo effect are both examples of our expectations being... | Psychology |
Did Big Bang create the universe? If yes, then where did Big Bang take place? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The notion of "where" has no meaning before the BB, the BB defines the spatial dimensions which represent the idea of "where" in the Universe. For that matter the notion of "before the BB" also has no meaning as the BB is the starting point for the time dimension of the Universe as well. All four of these spacetime dim... | Physics |
Why are people introverts/extroverts and why do each struggles to emphasise with the other? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't know if this link will work, but basically you are born with a predisposition to be more introverted or extroverted. No one is completely introverted or extroverted, everyone will sit somewhere on the spectrum, for example I can socialise like an extrovert, but I also need to be alone to recharge like a introve... | Biology |
how can geologists tell if a certain rock is from 4.1billion years ago rather than say 3.8 billion years ago? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | **Radiometric Dating:** By measuring the "radioactive waste" or decay products of isotopes found in the rock, we can mathematically calculate the age through analysis of how long it would take for the amount of radioactive decay products to be present. You can think of isotopes as atoms (like a carbon atom) that has a ... | Earth Science |
Why is our current world map, the Mercator Map, not to scale? It represents the US as gigantic is reference to South America and Africa. In reality both of continents dwarf the US in size. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is no way to accurately project a spherical surface onto a two-dimensional map. Something has to be inaccurate, size, shape, distance, and or direction. The advantage of the Mercator projection is that it preserves direction, which is useful for navigation. It is also rectangular, so it better utilizes the space ... | Other |
Considering that the brain controls pretty much all of our bodily functions, why do we not instinctively know how our bodies work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Our brain isn't "doing" anything in that sense besides sending and receiving neural signals. Let's take the bending of your arm for example. An overly simplified explanation of how that works is the brain fires a signal down the nerve that is connected to the muscle. At the nerve-muscle connection, various processes oc... | Biology |
How does our sun work and why does it burn? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The Sun is a huge ball of mostly hydrogen. It's so big that the centre is under enormous pressure, so enormous that it squeezes the hydrogen atoms together to form helium. This process releases a huge amount of energy. That's where the heat and light comes from - it's not burning like a fire. To get an idea of the size... | Physics |
What's the difference between universe expanding vs distance between galaxies increasing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If the universe is not expanding and **all** the galaxies are moving away from our point of view, then we're super special. This would only work from one point in the static Universe, and our planet just happens to be there. Wow, what good luck!! But, we're not special. We're an ordinary planet around an ordinary star ... | Physics |
How does underground nuclear testing works? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Rather than detonating a nuclear bomb on the surface where you would have to deal with blinding light, giant fires, and radioactive fallout, a deep hole is drilled, a bomb is lowed into it, and the hole is filled in. When the bomb is detonated, the ground absorbs the majority of the energy and contains the radiation. | Physics |
Were tornado/attack sirens designed to sound scary, or have they become frightening because of what they represent? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A siren is a cheap way to make a loud sound. It is built like a fan so it moves air very well but is "unbalanced" so it pumps air very unevenly which creates the very loud sound. In a normal fan you would want a constant stream of air to avoid noises and make it cleaner for your application. However a siren is built to... | Biology |
Why do heights feel taller when looking from the top down than from the ground up? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's a lot more than just the height differences. It's your sense of danger kicking in coupled with your enhanced ability to actually perceive height because there's more to compare it to. When you're on the ground, you are not in danger. When you are leaning over a precipice looking down, you are. Your brain instantly... | Other |
Why does hollow chocolate taste different than regular chocolate? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Surprisingly enough, this topic was briefely mentioned in a physical chemistry lecture I attended today on crystallography. To cut a long story short, it'll most likely be due to hollow chocolate having a larger surface area per unit volume, meaning that the chocolate will melt in your mouth/your tongue at a faster rat... | Other |
What happens when you shoot non- Newtonian fluid? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It breaks up into lots of little pieces like a solid would, which fly in all directions. Then, wherever the bits end up, the flow like a liquid. Oobleck might act like a solid under force, but it is a very weak solid. Apply more than a little force, and it easily tears and fractures. | Physics |
How exactly does water get "stale" and why does this process occur only at room temperature? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't only occur at room temperature, it's a pretty wide range of temperatures. It boils down to micro-organism growth. The colder it gets, the slower micro-organisms are to reproduce - this is, in part, why freezing food extends its longevity among other reasons. The hotter it gets, the faster micro-organisms rep... | Chemistry |
how does toxic shock syndrome work and why does it become deadly so rapidly? My | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rather rare diagnosis. Let's go into what it is and why it is so dangerous. TSS is essentially an over-stimulation of your body's immune response. It is caused primarily by 2 bacteria (you don't need to know them but they are staph aureus and group a strep). These are actually extremely ... | Biology |
What caused the market crash of 2008? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It was almost exclusively banks’ fault. It was a combination artificially inflated mortgage rates, overvaluing of properties, and banks (almost all of them), were investing very very heavily into stocks, using too much of people’s deposited money. The banks lent out riskily, invested riskily, and essentially lost a gam... | Economics |
The head of the chicken is synchronized with the movement of its feet when walking. Why? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The reason a chicken, or a pigeon, bobs its head when it walks is something called the *cervico-ocular reflex.* It (and the related *vestibulo-ocular reflex*) is there to stabilize images on the retina, so the world doesn't turn into a horrible blurry mess when we walk. When the head moves in one direction, a copy of t... | Biology |
Why is it that baked good containing eggs like cookies don’t have to be refrigerated when eggs themselves or hard boiled eggs do? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Bacteria needs a specific environment to grow the following 6 things contribute to its growth 1. Food 2. Acid 3. Time 4. Temperature 5. Oxygen 6. Moisture Take away any of these factors (or add to much in the case of acid and temperature) and bacteria cannot grow. So a fresh egg has food (the egg itself), low ph level,... | Chemistry |
How do police radar/laser speedometers work while the police car is already in motion? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They subtract the speed the police car is driving at from the speed that they measure with the radar speedometer, which gives them the speed the other car is going. Edit: If the other car is driving the opposite direction than the police car, they subtract their speed to get the other vehicle's speed. If the other car ... | Technology |
How do people take super hd photos of the stars? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's usually just a clear night and a long exposure - since there isn't enough light for a normal photo, you need to have the shutter open longer (slightly different process on a digital camera but really the same outcome. It's also important to be out of the city or anywhere there's any light pollution | Other |
Why is it colder in the shade in places with low humidity, but not in humid places? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Humidity is essentially water vapour, when there is no water vapour in the air, shady places will cool you off as you are avoiding direct heat (sunlight) When it’s humid, the water is already hot from the ground and it will rise into the air, it won’t go away even in the shade, as it is not blocked by the tree. It will... | Physics |
What is actually happening to the food when it's being deep fried? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Basically, the water in the food boils and evaporates, and the fat of the oils you fry it in takes the water's place. Because of this, the food doesn't seem to dry out like it would if you made the water evaporate by normal frying, as you still have a sort of liquid in the food instead of just dryness. Of course, there... | Other |
Recent study about alcohol use says that the greatest proportion of alcohol-related deaths among young people were from tuberculosis, road injuries and self-harm. I get the road injuries and self harm.. but TB? Why are TB and alcohol connected? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Alcohol makes your immune system weaker. Therefore your body is less likely to fight off a new TB infection. For people who have had TB, a weakened immune system can let the dormant TB come back as a full infection. Secondly, alcohol consumption typically occurs in places where TB can be transferred from person to pers... | Biology |
Why would a child think that a different shaped container would hold more or less liquid vs the other which has the same volume of liquid? And what is the name of this? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Piaget's theory of conservation. A child's brain develops in stages. Some theories have been put forth to try and classify the little developments into discrete stages and tried to understand what stage comes first. The ability is to understand that if you have two identical glasses with the same amount of water (call ... | Mathematics |
Spin of an electron. What is it? Why can there be only two electrons with opposite spin in an orbital? What does “opposite spin” even mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A spinning magnet produces an electric field. Electrons produce a similar electric field so they were said to 'spin'. We now know electrons are not physical particles that spin but the term has stuck. Electrons produce a magnetic field as if spinning. Some do it as if spinning clockwise and others as if spinning counte... | Physics |
Why are airlines not required by law to update their planes more often and use newer models? Many commercial planes being used today are older than most people on this website. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The planes are constantly under maintenance and are retrofitted quite often. If the engines and the body are in good shape, all sorts of things can be changed at a much lower cost than replacing the plane. Airline travel wouldnt be affordable if they replaced the fleet every 5-10 years, but they change the avionics, en... | Other |
Why does too hot water in the shower hurt and too cold doesn't? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | My though on it would be cold water could never be “cold enough” to actually hurt us, like freezing cold water because our bodies are more resilient to cold, but hot water, can burn because our bodies/skin can’t take that high of a temperature, like boiling water, you’d never stick your hand in that. | Biology |
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