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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857464 | [S1] ... S is a rule that applies when the possessive noun is singular. So for example, the dog's bone, right? That's one dog's bone. [S2] One singular dog possessing one bone. [S1] Exactly. [S2] What if I wanted to talk about like five dog's bones? Like they had a bun ... Like a big old pile of bones. [S1] Right. So that is the case where we will not use apostrophe S. [S2] What? [S1] I'm sorry. To disappoint. | 25.4 | 3.153907 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857464.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857465 | [S1] Right. We don't want, like, the dog's bones. [S2] Okay. Okay, but the, the apostrophe at the end isn't about there being multiple bones, right? It's about there being multiple dogs? [S1] Yeah. So, even if it's multiple dogs and they're possessing a singular thing, um... [S2] So, if five dogs all have the same favorite dog park. [S1] Right. 'Cause it's the best dog park- [S2] Okay. [S1] ... in the world. [S2] Okay. | 28.32 | 3.302863 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857465.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857466 | [S1] So this also only applies to plural nouns that end in S, right? So if I'm talking about one of our irregular plural nouns like, uh, mice or geese or men or women, I would still add apostrophe S, right? Like, okay, so I'm imagining a department store. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] And there's a men's section, a women's section, and a mice's section. [S2] [LAUGHS] | 26.92 | 3.288445 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857466.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857467 | [S1] Ooh, okay. That's a good question. So, let's say there's a family with the last name Harper. [S2] Okay. [S1] And I am going to visit the Harper's house. [S2] Okay. [S1] Right? So that's the house that belongs to all of the Harpers, the Harper family. [S2] Okay, so that seems pretty straightforward. But what if we're talking about a name that ends in S, like Burns. | 25.24 | 3.268658 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857467.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857468 | [S1] Okay, yeah. That can make things a little bit complicated. The way that names that end in S become plural is by adding ES to the end of them. So Burns becomes Burns's. [S2] And so Burns's without the apostrophe is how I would refer to that family, uh, unit in total also, right? Like it's Mr. Burns and the Burns's or Dr. Jones and the Jones's. [S1] Exactly. [S2] Okay. | 28.08 | 3.43789 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857468.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857469 | [S1] So then, when you want to make that possessive, as in, "The Burns' house," you make it plural by adding that -es, and then put the apostrophe after that. [S2] Cool. So, plural things that end in -s don't have a second -s after the apostrophe. [S1] Yeah. [S2] But irregular plurals like "men," "women," "mice," do. [S1] Yeah. [S2] Thank you, Paige. [S1] You're welcome. You can learn anything. | 24.92 | 3.428672 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_BV1Pb411e7LX_p80_m4-dialogue_0857469.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_m4-dialogue_0010649 | [S1] of. [S2] It is, or it has. [S1] As in, it's a lovely day outside. Or, uh, for it has, like it's been, it has been one week since you looked at cheese. [S2] [LAUGHS] Sad. It's been a sad week. [S1] It's been a sad week. As opposed to it. Can you walk me through it's? [S2] So it's is a possessive pronoun. | 22 | 3.257453 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_m4-dialogue_0010649.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_m4-dialogue_0010650 | [S1] And it's a little confusing 'cause possessive usually uses an apostrophe too. But possessive pronouns don't use apostrophes. So you would say something like, "I like rib eye steak because of its rich flavor." [S2] It's a pretty grody looking steak. [S1] [LAUGHS] No, pink and green is not how you want your steak to look. | 21.84 | 3.245596 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_m4-dialogue_0010650.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_m4-dialogue_0010651 | [S1] So we'd frankly just use "its," where we would use "his," or "her," or "their," or "our." Um, you would use "its." [S2] Right. It's just that it's not a person, so. [S1] So if I were asking you, "Can I borrow your book?" That's kind of the same thing as, "I like rib-eye steak because of its flavor." [S2] Right. It's, it's showing that the flavor belongs to the steak, just like the book belongs to me. | 26.8 | 3.275266 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_BV1Pb411e7LX_p81_m4-dialogue_0010651.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857470 | [S1] Hello, grammarians. Hello, Paige. [S2] Hi, David. [S1] So, Paige, have you ever heard of this man Aldus Minutius? [S2] I don't think I have. That's a pretty cool name, though. [S1] Is | 10.16 | 3.392074 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857470.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857471 | [S1] His, uh, his given name was actually Aldo Manuzio. He was a Venetian printer around 1500, and this guy invented the Italic typeface. [S2] What? [S1] Yeah. So Italic is this, this word that really just comes from Italy, right? So he's from Venice, which is in modern day Italy. Uh, and what it refers to is text that is kind of on its side, so like this. | 24.2 | 3.225016 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857471.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857472 | [S1] Italics have two uses in English. One is to emphasize and the other is to indicate that something is a title. [S2] So we use it for emphasis and titling. Let's dive into the first one. [S1] Okay. [S2] So if we're trying to use italics to, uh, emphasize something in text, um, we would just use it to set off one word. So for example, "That's a really spicy pepper." | 27 | 3.241202 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857472.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857473 | [S1] Yeah, the word really is said very strongly in that sentence. [S2] Mm-hmm. Okay, and, and use case number two for titling. And you know what, to make it easier on ourselves, let's, um, let's pull up a text box. [S1] Yeah, it's kind of hard to write italics with your hand. [S2] Yeah, which, which is actually gonna lead us into another part of this video. You'll see. But right now, okay, I got my italic type selected. So how do titles work? | 26.64 | 3.423752 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857473.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857474 | [S1] So, okay, so for full works, then, so for books, movies, and, uh, full-length musical works, like an album or a symphony. [S2] Okay, so like a song or a chapter of a book is not considered a full work. [S1] Correct. | 18.84 | 2.962264 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857474.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857475 | [S1] Paige, what's your favorite book? [S2] Uh, let's say The Giver. That's a great book. [S1] That is a great book. All right, so I'm writing The Giver. I want to indicate that it's a full title. Voop! Put that underline underneath it. The Giver is Paige's favorite book. | 19.04 | 2.816426 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857475.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857476 | [S1] So the way we're, the way we're underlining the giver is the same functionally as the way we've italicized the Hobbit, the Thief and the Cobbler, or Hounds of Love. [S2] That's right. [S1] So, uh, that's where the italic typeface comes from. Is this guy, Aldus Manutius. This is how we use it today. Uh, you can learn anything. David out. | 18.64 | 3.19504 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_BV1Pb411e7LX_p88_m4-dialogue_0857476.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338584 | [S1] And this is a single song on it. Paige, let's say you and Jake wrote a book of bread poetry. [S2] Okay, yes. [S1] Right. [S2] That is something I would do. [S1] And he called it The Yeast I Can Do. [S2] That is a great title. [S1] Thank you. Right. So underline it, um, to indicate that that's the full title. So this is- | 23.08 | 3.057355 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338584.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338585 | [S1] ... the book. And then this book is made up of individual poems. So let's say you wrote a poem in the book called, uh, "Why Do You Love Me?" Sure, why not? [S2] Yeah. [S1] Uh, so that's in quotes, and that indicates that this is a single work or a single poem. [S2] Okay. [S1] Uh, also, let me know when that book is coming out, 'cause I'll buy your book of poetry. [S2] [LAUGHS] [S1] So it's not just songs and poems, right? | 28.6 | 3.161796 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338585.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338586 | [S1] But it's also, um, magazine and newspaper articles. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] TV episodes. Really, it's anything that is smaller than a larger work. [S2] Right. It's something like inside of a, of a larger thing, like a collection or- | 22 | 3.315177 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338586.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338587 | Uh, so, you know, it, like, if, if you were writing for a magazine or a newspaper, that newspaper's title, you know, the Khan Academy Times would be, uh, either italicized or underlined. [S1] Mm-hmm. [S2] But an article that you wrote for it, you know, would, would be in quotes. I think that about does it for quotation marks, Paige. [S1] Yeah, uh, David? [S2] Yeah. [S1] I think I thought of a bread poetry book name. [S2] Okay, what is it? [S1] Loaves of Grass. [S2] [LAUGHS] | 28.68 | 3.353489 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338587.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338588 | [S1] Yep. [S2] Yep. [S1] Yep. That's pretty good. [S2] Okay. [S1] All right. Putting it in there. [S2] [LAUGHS] [S1] That's quotation marks. You can learn anything. David out. [S2] Paige out. [S1] Loaves of grass. | 13.6 | 3.012616 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_BV1Pb411e7LX_p89_m4-dialogue_0338588.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304751 | [S1] Hey, grammarians. Hey, Paige. [S2] Hi, David. [S1] So today we're going to talk about parentheses. So before we get into what parentheses do, I would like to talk very briefly about the word origin of parentheses or parentheses, uh, because it comes from Greek. So para means besides. | 15.96 | 3.212102 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304751.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304752 | [S1] That's just one of these. Two of them is parentheses, like so. So Paige, what is a parenthesis and what does it do? [S2] So a parenthesis is a piece of punctuation that has kind of a lot of different functions. Uh, it can indicate remarks by the writer of a text. [S1] Okay. | 23.72 | 2.908863 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304752.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304753 | [S1] or specify a definition or a reference. Uh, it can also show interruptions by an audience. But sort of overall, the, the parenthesis separates a piece of technically unnecessary information or what we called an aside from the rest of a sentence. [S2] So it separates inessential information. [S1] Right. You, you can take out what's in the parentheses and the sentence will still make sense. | 27.84 | 3.085625 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304753.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304754 | [S1] All right, so let's, let's take these one at a time. All right, so here we've got something like, "The cookie, which was still warm, was delicious." Now, we could conceivably take that out of the sentence, right? 'Cause the sentence is basically, "The cookie was delicious." But if we wanted to add an additional remark by a writer, you know, which is whoever ate the cookie. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] Namely me. [S2] [LAUGHS] [S1] Um, we would put in this parenthetical remark. [S2] Right. It's some extra information. | 27.92 | 3.188043 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304754.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304755 | [S1] So, and, and when I say parenthetical, I'm, I'm talking about this, this little aside here. That's what I mean by a parenthetical. [S2] Right. [S1] So this is what's called a parenthetical aside. So the second way in which you use parentheses is to specify a definition or reference. So let's say I wanted to quote pages as yet unwritten autobiography. [S2] Okay. [S1] Um, so it, so what I'm doing here is I'm using this | 25.8 | 3.029266 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304755.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304756 | [S1] ... parenthetical aside, to cite where in her book she said, "Oh no, a tiger." So let's say this is a, what I'm doing here, this sentence is like an excerpt from some essay that I'm writing about pages, Life and Times, which I've italicized here because it is a book. [S2] Right. [S1] So what I'm doing here is I have the quote, and then in order to say where that reference comes from, | 23.8 | 3.337577 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304756.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304757 | [S1] Uh, I give the, the author's last name, the name of the book, and then page 38. And all of that is inside parentheses like so. That's the second use of the parentheses. So let's say you're taking down a transcript of a speech. You're typing up someone's speech and they start coughing and it interrupts the way they're giving a speech. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] Let's say I was trying to render this sentence, "Furthermore, [COUGHS] I must firmly state that | 25.8 | 3.227997 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304757.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304758 | [S1] Right. So you can, you can include the coughing- [S2] Right. [S1] ... in the sentence when you're, when you're writing it down or transcribing it. [S2] Like if we think this is important enough to note, we can just sort of say, "Voop, voop, yep, coughing happened here." [S1] I see. So those are the uses of the parentheses. You can indicate remarks by the writer, as in our first example, or specify a definition or a reference, which we did here with a reference to my book. Or you can show an interruption in speech. | 28.8 | 2.978385 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304758.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304759 | [S1] So what happened with the tiger? [S2] That's a long story. [S1] All right. We'll talk about that later. You can learn anything. David out. | 7.16 | 3.191094 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_BV1Pb411e7LX_p90_m4-dialogue_0304759.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304760 | [S1] Hey, grammarians. Hey, Paige. [S2] Hi, David. [S1] Today, we're going to talk about dashes, which, uh, is a piece of punctuation, looks kinda like this, shh. Um, it's just kind of a straight line. Later, we're going to talk about hyphens, which looks like this, shh. Uh, and there is a difference between the two of them. It's kinda confusing, but first, we're just gonna talk about dashes, what they are, and what they do. [S2] Okay, sounds good to me. | 22.16 | 3.168022 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304760.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304761 | [S1] So like the comma, right, uh, the, the dash is uniting these two independent clauses. I ran to the bus stop, the bus had already driven away, right? So like, you know, comma, but would connect those two independent clauses the same way that dash, but is connecting those two clauses. Um, but it has a slightly different connotation. It's just more abrupt in the way that it connects these, these two things together. [S2] Okay. Also, it looks like you don't have a space before or after your dash. Is that- [S1] Right. [S2] Is that right? | 27.84 | 3.268783 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304761.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304762 | [S1] So originally when I'd drawn it, it did look a lot closer. But yes, in, according to the Chicago Manual of Style that Khan Academy uses, um, it would just go word, dash, word, then a space. But when you're using dashes, generally, uh, you don't put, you don't put spaces in between. [S2] Interesting. [S1] In between, in between words. [S2] Right. [S1] So that's use number one. It can interrupt the structure of a sentence. Use number two for the dash is that they can act like parentheses in pairs. | 29.68 | 3.221758 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304762.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304763 | [S1] So the dash is in the same place as it, as another type of punctuation could be again? [S2] Correct. [S1] Okay. [S2] The dash, I guess, is kind of like... So let's look at another example sentence and I'll switch colors. The bug, which landed on my nose, had to be the size of a softball. Enormous bug. But Paige, as you rightly pointed out, you know, it's, this is the same as having it in parentheses. You wouldn't have both of these together like that. [S1] But they do the same thing. [S2] But they, yeah, they have the exact same function. [S1] In this case. | 29.32 | 3.092219 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304763.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304764 | [S1] In this case. So when you have them in pairs, like so, it's the bug, which landed on my nose, had to be the size of a softball. So it's kind of this aside. If we really wanted to, we could take it right out of the sentence, kind of like in a positive, right, with commas. Um, so we could say, "The bug had to be the size of a softball." Sentence still makes sense. [S2] Right. [S1] Use number three. Uh, a dash can be used where you would otherwise use a colon. [S2] So in this case, it's gonna be sort of introducing something. [S1] Mm-hmm. | 28.88 | 3.274871 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304764.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304765 | [S1] Right. [S2] So the colon has this linking power, right? It can introduce ideas, it can start a list. You can do the same thing with a dash. Uh, so for example, if we wanted to introduce an idea, we could say- [S1] I have only ever wanted one thing, snacks. [S2] Me too, Paige. [S1] So many snacks. [S2] Me too. Uh, so, right, so we're using this to introduce this idea, the same way that we would had it been a colon. [S1] Okay. So the dash is like a little actor. | 28.24 | 3.272371 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304765.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304766 | [S1] Yeah. Yeah, the dash is like an actor that can just like do the jobs of all these other, these other punctuation marks. [S2] Right. [S1] So it can be parentheses, it can be a colon. [S2] It can be commas, right? [S1] It can be like a comma sometimes. [S2] Yeah. Wow. [S1] That is a, that is a talented little guy. [S2] Seriously, I'm very impressed. [S1] And the fourth use of the dash is, again, to indicate interruptions, but specifically to indicate interruptions in speech. | 29.2 | 3.20067 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304766.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304767 | [S1] This is like its own little special thing. [S2] Yeah. [S1] It's not acting like anything else. [S2] Nope. [S1] Just indicating an eruption as it does. Watch out for that. | 11.12 | 2.997732 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304767.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304768 | [S1] Wham! So, so we're using this dash to say that, you know, this sentence was interrupted by something and then, you know, we deploy this sound effect. Um, but it could be anything, really. So if you're, if you're trying to write down dialogue that is being cut off by something- [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] ... by another person interrupting, by a avalanche of- | 21.36 | 3.317037 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304768.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304769 | [S1] ... ice cream, I don't know, you know, whatever it is, um, then you would use a dash at the end of the sentence. So no space, so it would go, "That dash," quotation marks. [S2] Totally. [S1] And you wouldn't have to do any kind of terminal punctuation, no need for a period or a question mark or an exclamation point. The, um, the dash kind of serves that role. | 24.4 | 3.277981 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304769.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304770 | [S1] Of course it does. [S2] Because it's a very fancy actor. [S1] [LAUGHS] [S2] So I wouldn't say, I wouldn't say that the dash as an actor can perform the same roles as terminal punctuation, as periods or question marks or exclamation points. But rather I would say that it's cutting off the sentence before we can even get to where those would live. [S1] Okay, yeah. It's saying, "There would have been more words in this sentence," and then terminal punctuation, but... [S2] So that's what dashes can do. Uh, they are used to mark interruptions in the structure of a sentence. | 27.72 | 3.294268 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304770.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304771 | [S1] Like, I ran to the bus stop, but the bus had already driven away. [S2] They can act like parentheses when they're used in pairs. So, like, the bug which landed on my nose had to be the size of a softball. [S1] Uh, you can use them like a colon to lead into lists or to link an idea. So, I have only ever wanted one thing, snacks. [S2] And they can indicate interruptions in speech, like, watch out for that. [S1] Wham! | 26.32 | 3.29769 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304771.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304772 | [S1] Thanks. [S2] [LAUGHS] [S1] Uh, and those are the functions of the dash. [S2] You got it. [S1] You can learn anything. David out. | 7.28 | 3.117349 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_BV1Pb411e7LX_p91_m4-dialogue_0304772.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199821 | [S1] Hello, grammarians. Hello, Paige. [S2] Hi, David. [S1] So today we're going to learn about hyphens. And what a hyphen is, it's a little stick, like this, as opposed to a dash, which is about twice as long. And people confuse them a lot, uh, but they have very different functions. So what a hyphen is used to do is it's used to join two words into one. | 20.96 | 3.12121 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199821.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199822 | [S1] So for example, we have the word yellow. That's a word with meaning. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] We have the word green. That's a word with meaning. [S2] Yes. [S1] Uh, and we may have a word that does fit right in between those two or two at once. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] Uh, like chartreuse or whatever. [S2] Okay. [S1] You know, but not everybody wants to use the word chartreuse. [S2] No, it's kinda crazy. [S1] Kind of a, kind of a wacky word. Um, so instead of doing that, you might just wanna say yellow-green and connect yellow and green with a hyphen. | 27.56 | 2.996059 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199822.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199823 | [S1] If she had yellow-green hair, that would be a different story. [S2] Yes. [S1] So what's neat about hyphens, and what's kind of confusing about hyphens, is that whether or not we use a hyphen indicates how common a compound phrase is. Um, so Brian Garner in Garner's Modern American Usage and in the Chicago Manual of Style draws this distinction with compound words. And I should first say what a compound word is, right? [S2] Mm-hmm. | 23.32 | 3.326187 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199823.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199824 | Um, then it became online separated with a hyphen. This is what's called a hyphenated compound. [S1] Mm-hmm. It makes sense. [S2] And now, when we think about it, it's just an adjective, but it's online, and this is a closed compound. [S1] Right. Okay. It became closed 'cause everyone knows what that means. [S2] Right. Um, so you would use hyphenated compounds when you're kind of in this intermediary stage of acceptedness. [S1] Yeah. | 26.16 | 2.991716 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199824.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199825 | [S1] Mm-hmm. So like maybe one day in the future, yellow-green- [S2] Yeah, might just be- [S1] ... will be a super common color. [S2] Right. [S1] Right? It's everyone's favorite color. So it'll just be smushed together with no hyphen. [S2] Today is not that day. [S1] Today is not that day. So there's a hyphen there. [S2] Right. Uh, I think it's also important to hyphenate for clarity. [S1] Mm-hmm. [S2] Let me explain what I mean by that. [S1] Yeah. [S2] So first of all, when I say hyphenate, that's just a word that means to put a hyphen in something. [S1] Yeah. | 26.52 | 2.858491 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199825.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199826 | [S1] ... to hyphenify. So if, if a compound word could be misconstrued or misunderstood, you should throw in a hyphen or check a dictionary or a style guide. So, okay, so Paige. [S2] Yes. [S1] I would like to raise some chickens. [S2] Good idea. [S1] So in order to raise some chickens, I need a chicken coop, right? [S2] That is, yeah, true. [S1] And a coop, right, C-O-O-P, is a place where chickens live. It's like a little enclosure. | 24.68 | 3.367459 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199826.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199827 | [S1] But let's say I want to buy this coupe from a community run business. [S2] All right. [S1] Right? Which is called a cooperative business or a co-op. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] Well, now sometimes it appears like that. [S2] Yeah. [S1] Like that, like C-O-O-P. But if I said something like, "I want to buy my coupe from the co-op," like that, it'll end up looking like this. [S2] I want to buy my coupe from the coupe. [S1] Right. [S2] Or my co-op from the co-op or co-op from the coupe or something. | 27.24 | 3.161122 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199827.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199828 | [S1] So in order to be clear, uh, it really helps to, foop, foop, foop, put in that little hyphen. And that's the difference, right? So you're using this to say, "Oh, you know, th- this is actually short for cooperative," you know, 'cause it's operated by a bunch of people working together. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] As opposed to this word, which is just C-O-O-P. [S2] Right. [S1] So you wanna hyphenate for clarity when you can. [S2] Makes sense. | 25.24 | 3.340218 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199828.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199829 | [S1] So let's bring all this together, right? So I made a yellow-green coupe with the co-op. [S2] Okay, you all worked together to make a yellow-green coupe. [S1] Yep. [S2] That's pretty cool. [S1] So we're, we're connecting, uh, yellow and green with a hyphen. We're connecting co-op with a hyphen to differentiate it from this word coupe. And that's basically what you use hyphens for. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] You can learn anything. David out. [S2] Paige out. | 25.08 | 2.938274 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_BV1Pb411e7LX_p92_m4-dialogue_0199829.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233857 | [S1] Hello, grammarians. Hello, David. [S2] Hello, Paige. [S1] [LAUGHS] So in this video, we're going to talk about a piece of punctuation called the ellipsis or ellipses in the plural form, as we have here. So what, what is an ellipsis? [S2] So an ellipsis is a punctuation mark that is actually made up of three periods with spaces in between them. Boop, boop, boop. And it has two main uses. [S1] Okay. | 27.88 | 3.354008 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233857.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233858 | - [S1] Right. And usage number two for the ellipsis is that it shows that a portion of quoted material has been taken out. - [S2] Why would you take some of a quote out? - [S1] So we have here, Paige, you have chosen a quote from the renowned wizard and orator Albus Dumbledore, and he says, "Words are, in my not-so-humble opinion, "our most inexhaustible source of magic." If you wanted, you could kind of take out that aside, that "in my not-so-humble opinion," | 29.52 | 3.157967 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233858.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233859 | [S1] Yeah. I don't have a lot of space on this screen, so I don't want to write that whole thing. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] Right? So I can say, "Words are," ellipsis, "our most inexhaustible source of magic." [S2] So, okay. So Paige, I have a question. [S1] Yeah. [S2] Why do we even need this? Why can't you just say, "Words are our most inexhaustible source of magic"? | 17.84 | 3.08913 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233859.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233860 | [S1] So you, you have this responsibility with ellipses to do the right thing, to really represent, um, the way that somebody speaks, uh, accurately. [S2] Yeah, definitely. [S1] Let's, let's talk about the end of someone's sentence, and I want to indicate that at some point after I've cut off the end of the sentence, the sentence ends. Where do I put that extra period, or do I need an extra period? [S2] Right, okay. | 26.52 | 3.213345 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233860.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233861 | [S1] So let's say our sentence is something like, "I like cheese, although I'm more partial to a Wednesday thale than I am to a cheddar or a Stilton." [S2] Okay. [S1] You might wanna just be able to write that sentence as, "I like cheese, ellipsis, period." Right? [S2] Yeah. [S1] So, so we're still including the terminal punctuation in this sentence. [S2] Yes. [S1] To show that it ends after the ellipsis. | 23.48 | 3.031776 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233861.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233862 | [S1] Yeah. There, there would be no end to that sentence. [S2] Right. But those are the two functions of ellipses, then, is that it indicates a pause in speech, like, "Hello, Paige," or it shows that a portion of quoted material has been taken out. [S1] Yeah. [S2] Like, "Words are our most inexhaustible source of magic." [S1] That was a great Dumbledore impression. [S2] Thank you, Paige. [S1] [LAUGHS] [S2] You can learn anything. [S1] [LAUGHS] Okay. [S2] Elvis out. [S1] Paige out. [S2] Cool. [S1] [LAUGHS] | 27.72 | 3.024863 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_BV1Pb411e7LX_p93_m4-dialogue_0233862.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892150 | [S1] Hello, grammarians. Hello, Paige. [S2] Hi, David. [S1] So, today we're gonna tackle this idea of what is a sentence as we go into this realm of language that is called syntax. And syntax is this concept of basically grammatical order. What this, this word syntaxus literally means in Greek is, uh, you know, putting together, uh, an arranging, right? So it just means | 28.36 | 3.385686 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892150.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892151 | [S1] ordering of language. [S2] So that's like what a sentence is. [S1] That's what a sentence is. That's what a sentence is. That's what the components of a sentence are. And we'll go into all of that in much greater detail. But in order to do that, first of all, we have to figure out what a sentence actually is. So the, the definition that you and I came up with, Paige, is that a sentence is a grammatically complete idea. | 26.52 | 3.301945 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892151.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892152 | [S1] It's a bunch of words that say one, one complete thing. [S2] So all sentences have a noun or pronoun component. [S1] Mm-hmm. [S2] Right? And that's what we call the subject. And then we have the verb part, which is the, the predicate. [S1] So a sentence has, it has to have like a thing or a noun or a pronoun. [S2] Sure, that's the subject. [S1] Yeah. And, and something that it's doing. | 29.44 | 3.293032 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892152.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892153 | [S1] Sure. That's the predicate. [S2] Yeah. [S1] Okay. So let's say we've got this sentence, "The great big dog licked my face." Here is our sentence. What is the subject? [S2] The subject is the great big dog. [S1] All right. | 22.6 | 3.096074 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892153.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892154 | [S1] And that means that everything that's not the subject is part of the predicate, right? [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] So, "Licked my face," is the predicate. So, this is the noun chunk, uh, that is performing the action of the sentence. [S2] You got it. Yeah. [S1] Cool. So, all sentences have to have this, right? [S2] Yeah, they have to have a subject and a predicate, these two separate parts. [S1] So, if you said, if you asked a question like, "Are you named David?" | 29.48 | 2.974175 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892154.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892155 | [S1] If you ask that of me. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] Which, go ahead. [S2] Are you named David? [S1] I am. Is this a sentence? It's really short. [S2] It is very short, but you see, I is a pronoun. [S1] Okay. [S2] So that can be the subject. [S1] That's a subject. [S2] And am is a verb, so it has a subject and a predicate. | 19 | 3.349577 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892155.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892156 | [S1] So this is the noun or pronoun part, and this is the action that it is performing. Although, am or being isn't really an action. It's, it's more of a linking verb. [S2] Sure. [S1] Um, but it's still a verb. [S2] That's right. [S1] Okay, so this is, this is the predicate, then, for sure. [S2] Yeah. [S1] Okay, so, but Paige, let's say I dropped a muffin. [S2] Right. [S1] Uh, and you told me, "Pick up that muffin." [S2] Uh-huh. [S1] That sentence doesn't seem to have, so let me write that down. | 29.72 | 3.295472 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892156.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892157 | [S1] ... that sentence doesn't seem to have a subject. I see how all of this is predicate. [S2] Right. Pick up is a verb, and then- [S1] And then the muffin is the thing- [S2] ... that's all predicate. [S1] ... that's being picked up. Like, that's all one thing. Where's ... What goes in the blue box? [S2] I see. So when we have a sentence like this, where I'm telling you to do something- [S1] Mm-hmm. [S2] ... there doesn't always have to be a subject said out loud. [S1] Okay. [S2] This is, this is like an order, right? I'm telling you, you have to pick up that muffin. | 28.96 | 3.280581 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892157.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892158 | [S1] So this is kind of like an invisible secret subject. [S2] Right. And the subject really is you. [S1] Okay. [S2] You pick up that muffin. But I don't have to say it out loud. [S1] 'Cause I know that you're talking to me. 'Cause I can tell, 'cause you're looking at me and you're yelling at me about a muffin. | 15.32 | 3.327866 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892158.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892159 | [S1] So a sentence is a grammatically complete idea or expression. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] And it has to have a noun or pronoun part, which we call the subject, and it has to have a verb in all its baggage part, which is what we call the predicate. Uh, and sometimes that subject can sort of be implied or invisible, as in the command, "Pick up that muffin." [S2] Right. [S1] Cool. You can learn anything. David out. [S2] Paige out. | 27.72 | 3.395921 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_BV1Pb411e7LX_p94_m4-dialogue_0892159.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724029 | [S1] Hello, grammarians. Hello, Paige. [S2] Hi, David. [S1] So we have three different sentence varieties that we're going to talk about today. [S2] Okay. [S1] Um, here are their three flavors. Flavor number one, declarative sentences. Uh, flavor number two, interrogative sentences. | 20.64 | 3.220793 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724029.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724030 | [S1] And, uh, flavor number three, imperative sentences. Those are all pretty long and wibbly words. [S2] Seriously. [S1] Um, but we will address each one of them in turn. Paige, if you please, what is a declarative sentence? [S2] A declarative sentence is a type of sentence that just states a fact or an opinion, I suppose. But it just, it just makes a statement. | 26.56 | 3.379479 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724030.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724031 | [S1] So that would be something like, "It is a beautiful day." [S2] It is a beautiful day, Paige. We can also use declarative sentences to just get across any kind of information. This is what we call exposition in writing. [S1] Right. Yeah. [S2] You know, so we could say, "Lavender hated baseball." You know, you could start a short story with that. [S1] Right. That's, that's- [S2] I challenge you to. [S1] Just a fact about, about lavender. | 26.48 | 3.263092 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724031.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724032 | [S1] It's a fact about lavender. So a declarative sentence is a statement, just straight up. [S2] Yeah. [S1] An interrogative sentence is a question. So it asks a question. [S2] So it's just a fancy word for a question. [S1] Right. [S2] Okay. [S1] So an example of an interrogative sentence would be, you know, "Where did you go last night?" [S2] Right. [S1] Or, "How is he still singing that note?" [S2] I have no idea. [S1] And | 26.24 | 2.938217 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724032.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724033 | [S1] Incredible breath control. So that's, that's what an interrogative question is. [S2] Right. It's like being interrogated. That's like a similar word to interrogative, is just having a lot of questions asked. [S1] Like really aggressively. [S2] Yeah, it's not a very positive thing. [S1] Paige, what did you do with the cheese? [S2] I don't know. [S1] Paige, why are you still eating the cheese? [S2] I'm not. [S1] Paige, I know you stole the cheese. Finally, the third kind of sentence we want to talk about today is the imperative. An imperative is a command. | 27.4 | 3.262444 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724033.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724034 | [S1] Right. So when you tell someone to do something. [S2] So a command like, "Page, follow that bunny." [S1] [LAUGHS] I think the bunny stole the cheese. [S2] Yeah. So this is one of those sentences that doesn't have, um, a subject, but is literally spoken out loud. [S1] Right. It's just implied. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] You know, if, if you're saying that to me, I know that I am the subject. [S2] Right. So it's, "You follow that bunny." [S1] Right. [S2] But the "you" is just not spoken. | 27.64 | 3.248634 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724034.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724035 | [S1] Or if you're not into bunny following, you know, something like, "Remember to wash the dishes." [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] You're still, you're being commanded to remember. [S2] Yeah. Yeah. [S1] So, yeah, that's our, that's, those are our three sentence types. [S2] Yeah. Declarative is a statement. Interrogative is a question, and imperative is a command. | 17.96 | 3.368686 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724035.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724036 | [S1] So Paige, I think we can recast our slogan, uh, in each of these three types of sentence. [S2] Okay. [S1] So, okay, so declarative, right? That's, that's what it usually is. Declarative form is, you can learn anything. [S2] Okay. [S1] Uh, we can make it a question, so interrogative. So can you learn anything? [S2] Right. [S1] The answer is yes. Uh, and the imperative, we would want to make it a command, would be what, Paige? [S2] Learn anything. [S1] Yeah. | 25.24 | 3.428102 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724036.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724037 | [S1] So you can do any of those three. [S2] Sure. [S1] Uh, David out. | 4.12 | 3.277144 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_BV1Pb411e7LX_p95_m4-dialogue_0724037.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372738 | [S1] Paige! [S2] What? [S1] I think we left something out of the last video. [S2] Oh, no. [S1] I left exclamations out of the last video. [S2] That's not good. [S1] Okay, we can fix this. [S2] Okay. [S1] We just need to make a video. [S2] Yes. [S1] Oh. | 11.52 | 2.89731 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372738.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372739 | [S1] Hello, grammarians. Hello, Paige. [S2] Hi, David. [S1] So I want to talk today about the exclamation. [S2] Whoa. [S1] An exclamation is a type of sentence. So previously we covered, uh, three other kinds of sentence. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] We covered declarative sentences, which are just sort of statements, right? We covered interrogative sentences, which are questions. | 19.84 | 3.395926 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372739.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372740 | [S1] And we covered imperative sentences, which are orders. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] But, but I forgot to include the exclamation. I didn't actually forget. I just wanted to save space. [S2] Oh, okay. [S1] Um, but Paige, what, what is an exclamation? [S2] Uh, so it's, it's a sentence or maybe a word that's like an expression of really strong emotion. That's why we were screaming a lot and stuff. Those were all exclamations. | 26.68 | 3.311991 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372740.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372741 | [S1] So it doesn't even necessarily have to be a sentence, you said, so it could just be something like, "Ow!" [S2] Right. [S1] Like an interjection like that. [S2] Yeah, that's a great example. If you hurt yourself, you might scream, "Ow!" That's an exclamation. [S1] Can an exclamation also be an imperative? Like if I said, "Look out!" [S2] Yeah, I think so, right? That's an order. [S1] Yeah. [S2] And it's, it's being, it's being exclaimed, it's being yelled. So I think that's an exclamation too. | 24.08 | 2.968704 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372741.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372742 | [S1] So there's some overlap with like imperative and, and exclamation sometimes. [S2] Mm-hmm. I would also say that there's probably an overlap with declarative sentences too. [S1] That's true. That's very true. [S2] So you could be like, "Ah, that ogre is about to attack the village." [S1] Right. That, that is just a statement, but you're clearly pretty scared about it. So there's an exclamation point. | 21.32 | 3.152831 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372742.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372743 | [S1] But I could also walk that statement back also as an exclamation and say, "I was wrong about the yogurt. He's nice." [S2] Oh, he's just coming to say hi. [S1] He's just coming to say hi. [S2] Right. [S1] Give you a big old thumbs up. Um, so we're expressing something, we're expressing strong emotion. We could just be very excited about something. [S2] Right. [S1] Or you can use exclamation points when you're trying to convey that someone is speaking at high volume. | 23.64 | 3.311822 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372743.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372744 | [S1] So I could be yelling across, you know, the field to, to you, my pal. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] To be like, "Don't worry about the ogre. He's just bringing snacks." [S2] Okay, so there's not even necessarily strong emotion there. You just want me to hear you. [S1] Mm-hmm. [S2] 'Cause I'm far away. [S1] So Paige, I reckon that's, that's what an exclamation is. | 19.52 | 3.30123 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372744.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372745 | [S1] ... expression of strong emotion or volume. So they can be, they're not always sentences, so they can be interjections like, "Ow!" Or they can be full sentences like, "Look out!" Or, "That ogre is about to attack the village." [S2] Yeah, they can be a lot of things. [S1] They can be a lot of things. Just like you can learn anything. David out. | 17.36 | 3.30719 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_BV1Pb411e7LX_p96_m4-dialogue_0372745.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759736 | [S1] So, a simple sentence is really just what it says on the tin. Uh, a simple sentence consists of one subject and one predicate, and that's it. [S2] Right. [S1] So in the sentence, "I bought my friends some candy." All right, we got our one subject. | 18.48 | 3.322231 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759736.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759737 | [S1] I, and then we have our one predicate. "Bought my friend some candy." [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] Now, all of this together is what we'd call an independent clause. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] I don't wanna hit that too hard right now, but, you know, when you have this set of subject and a predicate together, and it can be a sentence, that's called an independent clause. Um, I'm not even gonna write that down. [S2] Yeah. [S1] But a compound sentence is basically | 27.44 | 3.235183 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759737.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759738 | [S1] ... two or more simple sentences joined together. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] So that would be two subjects plus two predicates. Or more. Two, three, a bajillion. [S2] Sure. [S1] That would be a very long sentence to read, but you could do it. It would be a very, very compound sentence. [S2] Yeah. [S1] So, I visited the beach and I got a really bad sunburn. [S2] Mm-hmm. | 25 | 3.15677 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759738.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759739 | [S1] So the subject in both these cases is I, right? But it's sort of separate. It's like I'm doing two different actions. [S2] Correct. [S1] Right? What's important is like, even if it's the same subject, if it's I both times, well, I don't know how to say this, but just like, if it were like I visited the beach and got a really bad sunburn. [S2] Then it would be a simple sentence. [S1] Then it's simple. [S2] So, okay, so Paige, so I'm looking at this and I see I twice. What if I wanted to condense this sentence further? | 28.2 | 3.475961 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759739.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759740 | [S1] But I, but what you're saying is I couldn't divide this up into two sentences unless I put in another subject. [S2] Right. You can say, "I visited the beach, but," and that can be a sentence on its own. But you can't say, "And got a really bad sunburn," as, as its own sentence. [S1] Okay. So both of these things are simple. So this has, this is, even though this is a compound predicate, it's technically one predicate. [S2] Right. It's, it's... | 29.8 | 3.320484 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759740.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759741 | [S1] And even if I'd written, um, Paige and I visited the beach and got a really bad sunburn. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] That would still be a compound subject, but it wouldn't be two sentences squished together. It would be one kinda long sentence. | 14.56 | 3.19873 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759741.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759742 | [S1] So let me change what I wrote here. [S2] Okay. [S1] To just say, instead of two subjects and two predicates, 'cause I think that's confusing in light of this information. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] Let's just say it is two simple sentences. [S2] Right. Or two independent clauses, if you know that terminology. [S1] Or two, yeah. And if you don't, never fear, we'll cover it, and you can learn anything. David out. | 25.32 | 3.389871 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_BV1Pb411e7LX_p97_m4-dialogue_0759742.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_m4-dialogue_0044024 | [S1] Hello, grammarians. Hello, Rosie. [S2] Hi, Paige. [S1] So in this video, we're going to talk about complex sentences. We've talked in another video about simple and compound sentences. So that is like one independent clause or two independent clauses. And with a complex sentence, we're going to introduce something called a dependent clause. So a sentence needs at least one independent clause to function as a sentence. But with complex, we're going to add this dependent clause. | 29.92 | 3.402781 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_m4-dialogue_0044024.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_m4-dialogue_0044025 | [S1] So, Rosie, what's an example of a complex sentence? [S2] When we buy his birthday cake, we have to make sure it's lemon. [S1] [LAUGHS] So this sentence, "When we buy his birthday cake, we have to make sure it's lemon," is made up of two clauses, and I've written them in different colors here. So this second one, the pink one, can stand on its own as a sentence. We could just say, "We have to make sure it's lemon." | 26.56 | 3.16752 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_m4-dialogue_0044025.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_m4-dialogue_0044026 | [S1] That's right. And this sentence still completely works as a complex sentence because you still just have this one independent clause. We have to make sure it's lemon. But the thing about complex sentences is you can add more than one dependent clause if you want, and it's still considered a complex sentence. [S2] Okay. So it has to have just one independent clause. [S1] Right. [S2] But I guess as many dependent clauses as you want. [S1] Yeah, you can go crazy. | 27.96 | 3.351399 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_m4-dialogue_0044026.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_m4-dialogue_0044027 | [S1] Okay, cool. So I think that's, that's complex sentences. It's an independent clause that can be a sentence by itself, and one or more dependent clauses, which can't be sentences by themself, all put together in one big sentence. Does that sound right, Rosie? [S2] Sounds good to me, Paige. [S1] Cool. You can learn anything. Paige out. [S2] Rosie out. | 20.64 | 3.248114 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_BV1Pb411e7LX_p98_m4-dialogue_0044027.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_m4-dialogue_0788146 | [S1] Hello, grammarians. Hello, Rosie. [S2] Hi, Paige. [S1] So in this video, we're going to talk about compound complex sentences. | 6.92 | 3.265781 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_m4-dialogue_0788146.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_m4-dialogue_0788147 | [S1] So we just covered complex sentences- [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] ... in the last video, which is where you've got, uh, a simple sentence or one independent clause, and then that's accompanied by at least one dependent clause. So the compound complex sentence is a little bit different. [S2] Mm-hmm. [S1] In this one, you have a compound sentence, which is more than one independent clause, | 25.52 | 3.424364 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_m4-dialogue_0788147.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_m4-dialogue_0788148 | [S1] and also at least one dependent clause. [S2] Okay. So it's like there's compound and there's complex, and this is a combination of both of them. [S1] That's right. [S2] Right. Okay. So compound-complex takes the more than one independent clause from a compound sentence and the dependent clause, or more than one, from a complex sentence. | 26.84 | 3.229651 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_m4-dialogue_0788148.mp3 | [
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bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_m4-dialogue_0788149 | [S1] and puts them together. So you have at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. I say at least 'cause you can have more than one or more than two of either of those, but it has to be at least that. [S2] Right. [S1] So, Rosie, just to make sure this all makes sense, can we get an example of a compound-complex sentence? | 26.84 | 3.181513 | 24,000 | audio/en/bilibili_data_13902630_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_BV1Pb411e7LX_p99_m4-dialogue_0788149.mp3 | [
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