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Transfer reinforcement learning aims at improving learning efficiency of an agent by exploiting knowledge from other source agents trained on relevant tasks.However, it remains challenging to transfer knowledge between different environmental dynamics without having access to the source environments.In this work, we ex... | We propose MULTIPOLAR, a transfer RL method that leverages a set of source policies collected under unknown diverse environmental dynamics to efficiently learn a target policy in another dynamics. |
Forest carbon stock is a time-integrated expression of numerous processes ranging from plant growth and mortality to natural disturbance and human land use.The spatial distribution of aboveground carbon density, measured in units of megagrams of carbon per hectare, is therefore affected by spatially variable factors th... | We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) with satellite imaging and other geospatial data to map forest aboveground carbon density at 30 m (0.09 ha) resolution throughout the Malaysian state of Sabah on the island of Borneo.We used the mapping results to assess how carbon stocks vary spatially based on ... |
aboveground carbon stocks in all logged forests to those forests known to be free of past selective logging.The unlogged forests included a portion of Danum Valley, Imbak Canyon, and Maliau Basin, gazetted by Sabah state and verified by airborne LiDAR.The results indicate that, as a whole, forests of Sabah have a highl... | Forest carbon stocks in rapidly developing tropical regions are highly heterogeneous, which challenges efforts to develop spatially-explicit conservation actions.In addition to field-based biodiversity information, mapping of carbon stocks can greatly accelerate the identification, protection and recovery of forests de... |
course.A second limitation is the use of a different set of interview questions for adoptive parents and trainers.The open-ended SWOT-interview was developed to address earlier concerns about the SWOT-methodology.However, an open-ended SWOT would defeat its purpose in a focus group setting, because informants may artif... | Adoptive parents experience a great number of challenges throughout the adoption process.Hence, there is a need for thorough preparation of prospective adoptive parents prior to them receiving a child into their family.This study aimed to evaluate a Norwegian pre-adoption course from the view of both adoptive parents a... |
Prostate cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer in men .The survival time with the disease is highly dependent on its stage and grade at the time of diagnosis.Mortality due to low grade prostate cancer can be even lower than due to competing causes of death , whereas the median survival time of pat... | Introduction: Predictive survival modeling offers systematic tools for clinical decision-making and individualized tailoring of treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes while reducing overall healthcare costs.In 2015, a number of machine learning and statistical models were benchmarked in the DREAM 9.5 Prostate... |
two algorithms and for different cohorts were surprisingly dissimilar.Some of the differences are explained by data availability.For instance, lactate dehydrogenase was selected in all RCT cohorts when the budget was sufficient for achieving maximal model performance, but in the RW cohort it was not available for most ... | However, applying these models into clinical practice poses a practical challenge due to the inclusion of a large number of model variables, some of which are not routinely monitored or are expensive to measure.For the variable selection, we implemented two algorithms: (i) LASSO regularization approach; and (ii) a gree... |
are needed to validate this genetic biomarker.There are multiple distinct genetic pathways to CRC development.Later stages of cancer differ from early-stage cancer due to different activated pathways .Intra-stage variability in outcomes has been observed that cannot be accurately predicted by the TNM staging system.It ... | Background: Interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) are anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines which share a common cellular receptor IL4Rα and are involved in the same signaling pathways.Our purpose was to assess whether genetic variants within IL-4, IL-13 and IL-4Rα are associated with the risk or c... |
The data contained here were obtained from NHTSA׳s ftp portal for the National Automotive Sampling System – Crashworthiness Data System , which documents crash conditions and occupant injuries for crashes occurring in the United States.These data are obtained through a sampling framework that is described in the data s... | The data contained here were obtained from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration[U+05F3]s National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for the years 2008-2014.This publically available data set monitors motor vehicle crashes in the United States, using a stratified ra... |
multiple GCMs and multiple weather years.However, other uncertainties inherent in crop disease models remain largely unexplored and unreported.There is still a need to find methods to clearly describe the reliability of projections to planners and climate change adaptation strategists.Other aspects of arable crop disea... | Combining climate change, crop growth and crop disease models to predict impacts of climate change on crop diseases can guide planning of climate change adaptation strategies to ensure future food security.This review summarises recent developments in modelling climate change impacts on crop diseases, emphasises some m... |
dysregulation might predispose to progression.We were unable to replicate this finding in other cohorts as data on conversion were not available.Although the model reported for predicting MCI conversion differs from our previous report , both identified markers of complement activation/regulation, implying that complem... | Introduction: Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis/stratification are a “Holy Grail” of AD research and intensively sought; however, there are no well-established plasma markers.Methods: A hypothesis-led plasma biomarker search was conducted in the context of international multicenter studies.These ... |
publications with some measurement data.Further evaluation of these 65 publications indicated that PMs showed no apparent concentration decay over near-road distances, we focused our spatial profile analysis of concentration decay only on BC, CO, NO2 and NOx.We found 12 unique studies contained sufficient concentration... | Understanding the relationship between traffic density and dispersion of vehicle-released air pollutants is important for assessing human exposure to near-road air pollutants.Concentration decay rates over down-wind distance away from major roads were calculated for black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen ... |
ranged, expressed as RSD, from 0.22 to 1.98%.As expected, the sample with the lower starch value, exhibited more variability.Inter-day repeatability was measured using 7 replicates of sample 1330 which experimental starch values ranged from 21.55 to 25.96 and z values from −1.57 to 0.73.The method was able to assess st... | Starch is an important nutrient in animal feed, and so its analysis is of considerable concern as it is one of the most relevant energy containing fractions.Method AOAC 996.11 was modified to exchange the enzymometric and colorimetric step full approach to a simpler HPLC amine-based column one.The method was optimized ... |
an increased risk of mechanical degradation.Experiments have indicated that dimensional changes of wooden objects, determining the risk of mechanical degradation, may not be directly related to daily RH fluctuations .Moreover, it is known that many objects withstand fairly large RH-fluctuations in the mid-range .Experi... | Among other effects, this has led to excessive energy demands.At the start of the 21st century, interest has increased to condition the indoor climate more reasonable.Full-scale measurements were conducted in the museum Hermitage Amsterdam for one year.The results show that Class AA saved 49% and Class A saved 63% comp... |
the automated protocol, several cell clumps were lost during the washing steps as the time for cell clumps to settle was insufficient, additionally several clumps were aspirated due to the pipette reaching close to the bottom of the flask when aspirating the enzymatic solution.Care is essential during the two washes in... | The transfer of a laboratory process into a manufacturing facility is one of the most critical steps required for the large scale production of cell-based therapy products.Cells were successfully transferred between different sites representative of research and manufacturing settings; and passaged manually and using t... |
In China, liver cancer is the second most common malignancy, with an estimated 360,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths per year.1,Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer.2,Most HCC is caused by chronic liver injury due to hepatitis B/C virus infection and alcohol abuse.Although the mole... | We found that mtDNA haplogroup N9a and its diagnostic SNP, m.16257C > A, negatively correlated with the incidence of HCC in northern China (odds ratio [OR] 0.290, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.123–0.685, p = 0.005), particularly in patients with infection of hepatitis B/C virus (HBV/HCV) (for haplogroup N9a: OR 0.213,... |
of m.16257C > A, a defining mtSNP of the N9a haplogroup, was significantly lower in patients than in control participants.To exclude the false-positive probability of this significant association between m.16257C > A and HCC, a false-positive report probability analysis was used.As shown in Table S3, our results showed... | However, mtDNA haplogroup N9a is not associated with clinical characteristics of HCC including serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and tumor size.In addition, cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cells with N9a haplogroup (N9a10a and N9a1) had transcriptome profiles distinct from those with non-N9a (B5, D4, and D5) haplogroups.... |
associated with HCC in northern China, but neither haplogroup M7 nor macro-mtDNA haplogroup M was associated with HCC in the same region.Previous studies found that haplogroup N9a was negatively associated with type 2 diabetes and other metabolic syndromes in Japan and Korea;27 however, this association was not found i... | Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups are associated with various types of cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms by which mtDNA haplogroups affect primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not known.In this study, we carried out a case-control study on 388 HCC patients and 511 geographically matched asymptomatic c... |
Representation Learning over graph structured data has received significant attention recently due to its ubiquitous applicability.However, most advancements have been made in static graph settings while efforts for jointly learning dynamic of the graph and dynamic on the graph are still in an infant stage.Two fundamen... | Models Representation Learning over dynamic graphs as latent hidden process bridging two observed processes of Topological Evolution of and Interactions on dynamic graphs. |
conditions for NGP assessment and potentially combined with increased TPM doses where feasible.This combination may even give increased differentiating potential of the assay when assessing NGPs.However, in the absence of a positive response, this remains only a hypothesis and requires further investigation.This study ... | In this study, a variety of test matrices from tobacco and nicotine delivery products were assessed against a 3R4F Kentucky reference cigarette using the in vitro micronucleus assay.Testing was conducted using two Chinese hamster cell lines (CHO and V79), and a human lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6), in accordance with e... |
According to the World Health Organization, polio wavers on the verge of extinction.Last year witnessed landmark victories in the fight against polio, with a record low 223 reported wild poliovirus cases and the declaration that India, once home to two-thirds of the global burden of this disease is now polio-free.Altho... | Despite substantial political and logistical hurdles, only 223 cases of wild poliovirus in three countries were reported in 2012.Down 99% from the estimated 350,000 annual cases in 125 countries in 1988-this decline signals the imminent global eradication of polio.However, elimination of new polio cases should not also... |
should highlight areas of large unmet need and help guide priorities.Furthermore, while much can be gained from the experience of PPS treatment in developed countries, identifying potential adaptations of those strategies for resource-poor areas is imperative.Just as significantly, the educational, social and economic ... | Excitement mounts as the global health and international development communities anticipate a polio-free world.As many as 20 million continue to live with the disabling consequences of the disease.In developed countries where polio immunization became universal after dissemination of the polio vaccine in the 1950s, alm... |
Environmental management decisions should be based on the current state of scientific knowledge and at the same time account for multiple societal objectives that are of different importance for diverse stakeholders.One important step in environmental decision support is the prediction of consequences of different mana... | Ecological models are often developed within research projects but are rarely used for practical applications.We address mainly ecological modellers but also potential users of modeling results.These cover: (i) a mechanistic understanding regarding causality, (ii) alignment of model input and output with the management... |
satisfy a heterogeneous audience of modelers, other scientists, practitioners, and decision makers.While a scientific journal article matches the expectation of the first group, it does not necessarily suit the other groups.A graphical representation of the model, e.g. using conceptual diagrams, will be appreciated by ... | Understanding and predicting the ecological consequences of different management alternatives is becoming increasingly important to support environmental management decisions.In this synthesis paper, we discuss how to strengthen the role of ecological modeling in supporting environmental management decisions with a foc... |
potential for genetic manipulation of multiple tick cell lines through transient and stable transfection and development of a reporter gene system.In contrast, few studies have tackled the difficult topic of characterisation of the multiple phenotypes present in tick cell lines and have focused on a handful of cell lin... | Now part of the Institute of Infection and Global Health at the University of Liverpool, the Tick Cell Biobank has embarked on a new phase of activity particularly targeted at research on problems caused by ticks, other arthropods and the diseases they transmit in less-developed, lower- and middle-income countries.We a... |
Cell Biobank houses a small collection of intracellular tick-borne bacteria of the genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia and Spiroplasma, all of which can be propagated in one or more tick cell lines.Another important aspect of the Tick Cell Biobank’s current remit is to establish, house and distribute cell lines der... | Tick cell lines are increasingly used in many fields of tick and tick-borne disease research.The Tick Cell Biobank was established in 2009 to facilitate the development and uptake of these unique and valuable resources.As well as serving as a repository for existing and new ixodid and argasid tick cell lines, the Tick ... |
In this work, we address the semi-supervised classification of graph data, where the categories of those unlabeled nodes are inferred from labeled nodes as well as graph structures.Recent works often solve this problem with the advanced graph convolution in a conventional supervised manner, but the performance could be... | We propose a novel graph inference learning framework by building structure relations to infer unknown node labels from those labeled nodes in an end-to-end way. |
oyster reefs are in decline, yet it is apparent that a combination of stressors could be in effect.Here, we were able to detect the negative effects of chronic pesticide exposure on crustaceans.Additional studies must focus on acute versus chronic effects of pesticides on estuarine communities.Our exposure time was lim... | In recent decades, oyster reefs have been deteriorating throughout North America as a result of multiple interacting anthropogenic stressors, including pesticide pollution.Here we elucidated the potential chronic effects of the commonly utilized pesticide, carbaryl, on oyster reef communities in the Loxahatchee River E... |
effective by resolving ∼30% of the expected H cross peaks for OASFext, while still maintaining the characteristic chemical shift dispersion of a folded protein.The ill resolved signals in the center of the spectrum are most probably due to remaining aggregation and dynamic conformational heterogeneity, i.e. intrinsical... | We report a new NMR-scale purification procedure for two recombinant wild type fragments of the stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1).This protein acts as a calcium sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and extends into the cytosol accumulating at ER – plasma membrane (PM) junctions upon calcium store depletion ult... |
followed a typical approach and computed ab initio models with the programs GNOM and DAMMIN , that resulted in considerably rough models which unfortunately could be vaguely interpreted in terms of individual domains.Complementary, as we generated homologous three-dimensional models in particular for hsPxd01-con5 and i... | The iron enzyme with covalently bound heme oxidizes bromide to hypobromous acid which facilitates the formation of distinct sulfilimine cross-links in the collagen IV network and therefore contributes to its mechanical stability.The present study on several recombinantly produced truncated peroxidasin variants showed t... |
death in a number of cancer cell types .Previous studies have shown that components of steroidal saponins, such us polyphyllin G, polyphyllin VII, and PPI, could induce autophagic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, breast cancer cells, and oral cancer cells via regulating JNK, AKT/mTOR or PINK1-related signa... | Paris polyphylla.is a traditional medicinal herb that has long been used to prevent cancer in many Asian countries.Polyphyllin I (PPI), an important bioactive constituent of Paris polyphylla, has been found to exhibit a wide variety of anticancer activities in many types of cancer cells.However, the effects of PPI on h... |
characterised 29, we next examined the addition of a nucleophile other than hydride.We opted to use trimethylphosphite, as this would lead to installation of a phosphonate at C6 and there is some precedent for use of such a functional group in oseltamivir analogue design .Phosphites are among the less commonly used nuc... | In addition, the failure of an attempted addition of a bulky nitrogen nucleophile to an [η5]+ complex sheds light on the limits of reactivity for such additions.Thus, two bulky nucleophiles which are each known to add successfully to unencumbered [η5]+ complexes seemingly cannot be added sequentially to adjacent positi... |
reaction mixture was stirred at −10 °C for 1 h, after which pre-cooled diethyl ether was added, resulting in the formation of pale yellow precipitate.The precipitate was filtered and washed with further diethyl ether, then dried in air to give-34 as a pale yellow gum; 1H NMR: δ = 7.35, 6.63, 5.99, 4.63, 4.27, 3.582), 1... | The cyclohexadiene ligand initially possessed two hydroxyl groups, both of which could be substituted with other functionality by means of an overall [η4] → [η5]+ → [η4] → [η5]+ → [η4] sequence.The reaction sequence we describe is potentially of relevance to the synthesis of analogues of the anti-influenza drug oseltam... |
result, the final stock assessment model usually has some differences from the estimation models used in simulation testing.For example, simulation results for Atlantic Bluefin tuna were presented at the 2017 benchmark assessment meeting, but simulations were conditioned on the 2014 stock assessment results, and estima... | Understanding population dynamics is essential for achieving sustainable and productive fisheries.However, estimating recruitment in a stock assessment model involves the challenging task of identifying a self-sustaining population, which often includes representing complex geographic structure.A review of several case... |
a CNC machine tool over its whole life cycle, and to combine this big data with the theoretical modeling method in order to establish the CNC machine tool CPS model.The whole life cycle of a CNC machine tool includes several stages, such as development, design, manufacturing, installation, usage, maintenance, repair, t... | Building cyber-physical system (CPS) models of machine tools is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing.The massive electronic data from a computer numerical control (CNC) system during the work processes of a CNC machine tool is the main source of the big data on which a CPS model is established.Using such mode... |
the high frequency component in Figure 16.Further analysis shows that the frequency at 5 Hz is caused by the non-uniform distribution of the magnetic field as the result of the manual winding of the motor, while the frequency at 60 Hz is caused by an improper design of the cog slot of motor.Therefore, this method of el... | Utilizing the instruction domain, a work-process CPS model is established on the basis of the accurate, real-time mapping of the manufacturing tasks, resources, and status of the CNC machine tool. |
To understand the genetic basis of disease and develop individualized medication, the Human Genome Project generated the first human reference genome, which was based on the Caucasian genetic background .Despite the consistent updating of the reference genome to the latest version GRCh38, it is still highly demanded to... | To unravel the genetic mechanisms of disease and physiological traits, it requires comprehensive sequencing analysis of large sample size in Chinese populations.Here, we report the primary results of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Precision Medicine Initiative (CASPMI) project launched by the Chinese Academy of Scienc... |
overlapped more than 80% were merged, and the start and end position were defined as the mean of the start and end positions of each SV, respectively.Across samples, the SVs overlapped more than 50% were merged to achieve non-redundant SVs.The SVs overlapped more than 80% with the gaps in the human genome were removed.... | Given the two existing reference genomes for Han Chinese (YH and HX1) were both from the south, we constructed NH1.0, a new reference genome from a northern individual, by combining the sequencing strategies of PacBio, 10× Genomics, and Bionano mapping.Using this integrated approach, we obtained an N50 scaffold size of... |
to complete at their own pace as 74.8% of participants stated that nine weeks was not enough time for the extensive material and exercises that they had to complete in the iCBT group.Groups significantly differed on diagnostic status at post-treatment, χ2 = 12.95, p = .005.At post-treatment 12 of 39 participants in the... | We compared data reported by Carlbring etal.(2012) to an identical AMP condition, with the exception that participants were instructed to activate social anxiety fears prior to each attention training session (AMP+FACT; n=39).We also compared all attention training groups to an internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral t... |
a control group comparing AMPonly with ACC, the second trial consisted of two active treatment conditions.Therefore, it is possible that participants in the AMP + FACT group experienced improved outcomes relative to the AMPonly group as a result of treatment expectancy effects.Moreover, by only including these particul... | While attention modification programs (AMP) have shown promise as laboratory-based treatments for social anxiety disorder, trials of internet-delivered AMP have not yielded significant differences between active and control conditions.To address these inconsistencies, we examined the moderational and mediational role o... |
Full thickness skin wound closures of surgical operations or traumatic lacerations are often closed with a combination of buried dermal absorbable sutures and superficial nonabsorbable sutures.The BDA sutures are placed in the mid to lower dermis and are formed so that the knot lies in the deep dermis or subcutaneous l... | Methods Four Yucatan pigs were anesthetized and each received four 4.5 cm full thickness incisions on their dorsal surfaces, placed 8 cm apart.Two pigs were humanely euthanized at day 10, with specimen harvest for mechanical testing; the other two pigs had superficial nylon sutures removed at day 10, as per current cli... |
sterile technique dehisce creating a significant clinical problem.Thus, there is an important role for modalities that support wounds as they regain strength.In this study, we did see a reduction in scatter in wound strength in wounds that employed BDA sutures.This may be of clinical benefit, as BDA sutures may help av... | Objective To test the hypothesis that the mechanical strength of wounds closed with a combination of buried dermal absorbable sutures and superficial nonabsorbable nylon sutures will be higher than wounds closed with only superficial nonabsorbable nylon sutures.Half of all incisions were randomly allocated and repaired... |
With high incidence and mortality, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases seriously threaten human health and life .Therefore, developing more efficient strategies to treat CCVDs is of clinical significance .As a herbal formulation, Triphala has been used widely in India and China with a long history as a complementary and ... | Background & aims: Numerous references made clear that Triphala is revered as a multiuse therapeutic and perhaps even panacea historically.Hence, a network pharmacology-based method was suggested in this study to address this problem.Information on compounds in herbal medicines of Triphala formula was acquired from pub... |
enzyme in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages .S. Shanmuganathan et al. suggested that treatment with the whole Triphala extract and its compounds Chebulagic acid, Chebulinic acid and Gallic acid showed characteristic inhibition of MMP-9 as well the expression of IL-6, CXCL8 in endothelial cells .Methanol extract... | Nevertheless, the protective mechanism of Triphala on cardio-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs) remains not comprehensive understanding.Methods: This study was based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis.Then, components of Triphala, candidate targets of each component and known therapeutic targets of CCV... |
The chromosomes of all organisms must be compacted nearly three orders of magnitude to fit within the limited volume of a cell.However, DNA cannot be haphazardly packed, and instead, it must be organized in a way that is compatible with numerous cellular processes that share the same DNA template, including transcripti... | The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex plays an important role in chromosome organization and segregation in most living organisms.However, the mechanism of SMC-mediated alignment of chromosomal arms remains elusive.Here, using genome-wide methods and microscopy of single cells, we show that Caulobacte... |
et al. argue that:“It is tempting to conclude that the professionals and policy-makers who influence infrastructural provision have some privileged status in steering what people do”.The present paper has demonstrated that in a hierarchical and centralised governmental system such as the UK, professionals and policy-ma... | Changing mobility behaviour towards activities and actions that have a less detrimental impact on the environment, public health and society is an objective of transport policy jurisdictions globally.In line with a burgeoning body of research examining behaviour and social change, this paper explores the governmental s... |
use of SLM to fabricate such intricate parts will be limited if the process affects the surface chemical composition.Surface chemistry plays a pivotal role in determining the surface properties of a material.Small changes in the chemical composition may cause catastrophic loss of ductility and corrosion resistance.Corr... | Surface remelting/skin scanning of components is generally performed during the selective laser melting (SLM) process to improve the surface quality of a part.However, the chemical effects of surface remelting are not well understood.In this study, cuboidal parts fabricated with and without laser remelting were charact... |
of development.The application of the spatial optimisation framework demonstrates for the real-world case study the ability to recognise potential development patterns that are potentially more sustainable than the planned situation.The framework achieves this improvement in performance through considering a wide possi... | Urbanisation, environmental risks and resource scarcity are but three of many challenges that cities must address if they are to become more sustainable.However, the policies and spatial development strategies implemented to achieve individual sustainability objectives frequently interact and conflict presenting decisi... |
market but already at the beginning of the period it had some activity in other EU countries and beyond.After the crisis in the Spanish renewable energy sector, Acciona expanded to other American markets although its development activity was significantly less.Globalization goes hand-by-hand with localisation.In order ... | This paper explores the globalization of the wind energy industry with a focus on the contribution by European companies and their economic impact in the global wind energy sector.The global wind energy industry is nowadays a tale of two worlds, China and the rest of the world.In the last five years, China installed be... |
is considered allosteric if this center was within 6 Å of at least one atom of the modulator defined as the allosteric modulator in the ASD.This is consistent with the criterion for determining LIGSITEcs allosteric pockets defined previously.PARS results are obtained by using the PARS web server.PARS uses LIGSITEcs, so... | The related concepts of protein dynamics, conformational ensembles and allostery are often difficult to study with molecular dynamics (MD) due to the timescales involved.ExProSE provides a unified framework for the exploration of protein structure and dynamics in a fast and accessible way.For T4-lysozyme, ExProSE is ab... |
Cutaneous cystic lesions have widely varying clinical differential diagnoses, ranging from a common benign sebaceous cyst to rare metastatic carcinoma of an unknown primary site .Most cystic lesions are diagnosed clinically, but histopathology provides the definitive diagnosis.Sometimes, it is not possible to different... | Introduction: Cutaneous cystic lesions have broad differentials ranging from common benign entity to rare malignant lesions.Clinical evaluation of the lesion is the key to differentiation, as some rare malignant entities may simulate benign lesions.A high index of suspicion should be maintained for any aggressive behav... |
be confident of the palaeoenvironmental significance of this earlier resetting event.However, it is possible that this earlier event may relate to the advance of the Irish Sea Ice Stream, as modelled by Chiverrell et al. using the limited radiocarbon evidence available from the Irish Sea Basin.The age of 20.7 ± 0.3 ka ... | In recent years luminescence dating has increasingly been applied to date glaciofluvial sediments, but uncertainties about the degree of bleaching of the luminescence signal at deposition make dating of such sediments challenging.Here we test a new approach for luminescence dating of glaciofluvial sediments, based on t... |
leading to greater accumulation of fat.In addition, diets with high amount of energy is also related to fat accumulation and production of adipose tissue.Sousa et al. observed that high dietary levels of pizzeria carbohydrates-rich by-product decrease the body protein content of fish.Yamamoto, Sugita, and Furuita obser... | Several studies have been performed adjusting the levels of dietary digestible protein and digestible energy for tilapia, but none of them was performed in biofloc technology (BFT) system, especially in brackish (10) water.In this sense, three levels of digestible protein (22, 26 and 30% DP) and three levels of digesti... |
receptor cells has been confirmed.It should be noted that the exact methodology for these studies were not the same.For example, Makabe et al. used broad bean as food for the colony, while we used cabbage.Until the different biotypes are tested under the same experimental conditions it is difficult to make a valid comp... | The onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman, 1889), is a cosmopolitan pest of economic importance on a wide range of crops.Despite being one of the most studied thrips species, there is very limited knowledge available about its ability to perceive light.The T. tabaci cryptic species complex consists of a tobacco-associa... |
the creek evolution in relation to Eq. difficult to interpret.In summary, the efficiency of existing morphological relationships has been tested for lidar-extracted data.A mean prediction error > 25% was found for all morphological relationships tested, showing the inherent variability of saltmarsh creek network shapes... | Coastal saltmarshes provide a range of ecosystem services, such as flood protection and carbon sequestration, but face rapid global losses.Managed realignment (MR) is an increasingly popular method to artificially recreate these habitats by reinstating tidal regimes to reclaimed land.However, to improve MR design, bett... |
vitro high throughput screening is large and additional filtering is required prior to in vivo assessment, since immunizing animals with selected antigens, peptides or peptide pools and evaluating protection is only possible for limited numbers of targets.Computational filters can be used to rank-order candidate antige... | Until recently, malaria vaccine development efforts have focused almost exclusively on a handful of well characterized Plasmodium falciparum antigens.Despite dedicated work by many researchers on different continents spanning more than half a century, a successful malaria vaccine remains elusive.Sequencing of the P. fa... |
We describe two end-to-end autoencoding models for semi-supervised graph-based dependency parsing.The first model is a Local Autoencoding Parser encoding the input using continuous latent variables in a sequential manner; The second model is a Global Autoencoding Parser encoding the input into dependency trees as laten... | We describe two end-to-end autoencoding parsers for semi-supervised graph-based dependency parsing. |
predicted hearing loss from the average value is about +25 to −8 dB at 250 Hz, falling to about ±8 dB at 1 kHz.This predicted variation may go some way towards explaining the large individual variations in the measurements of the additional hearing loss after cochlear implantation, as discussed in the introduction.If a... | Preservation of residual hearing after cochlear implantation is now considered an important goal of surgery.However, studies indicate an average post-operative hearing loss of around 20 dB at low frequencies.One factor which may contribute to post-operative hearing loss, but which has received little attention in the l... |
CMCase was 50°C at pH of 6.0.The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was maintained with more than 80% of the maximum efficiency over the temperature of 45 to 55°C and pH of 4.0 to 7.0.With this regard, the influence of pH and/or temperature in the enzymatic hydrolysis within these range is found to be little, so this cell... | Background: Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable, abundant, and inexpensive resource for biorefining process to produce biofuel and valuable chemicals.To make the process become feasible, it requires the use of both efficient pretreatment and hydrolysis enzymes to generate fermentable sugars.Ionic liquid (IL) pretrea... |
on a scaled-down version of the gastric phase of digestion because this is the first major stage that is encountered in vivo with pepsin readily degrading proteins.77,As a preliminary formulation assessment, we also tested a bicarbonate formulation buffer, which has been successfully used as part of a rotavirus vaccina... | Passive immunization by oral delivery of ETEC-specific secretory IgAs (sIgAs) could potentially provide an alternative approach for protection in targeted populations.The sIgA mAbs showed overall better physical stability and were more resistant to loss of antigen binding activity during incubation at low pH, 37°C with... |
were performed using standard USEPA methods with a water flea as the test organism.The FA-Cu test waters were allowed to equilibrate for at least 24 h before test organisms were introduced to allow time for Cu to bind to the organic matter.Multiple tests were performed with variable Cu concentrations in order to bracke... | The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a numerical approach that couples chemical speciation calculations with toxicological information to predict the toxicity of aquatic metals.This approach was proposed as an alternative to expensive toxicological testing, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency incorporated the BLM ... |
how the young Ghanaians males I encountered in Accra have lost faith in temporal social development, and in its place now see development as freedom through spatial mobility, ideally to Europe.Problematically, this is coupled with a realisation that not everyone can make use of mobility’s benefits.This disjuncture betw... | This article contributes to contemporary debates over the resourcefulness and entrepreneurialism of young people in the Global South by exploring the relationship between development and the migration of male youth within the football industry.Drawing on fieldwork in Accra, the paper reveals how young Ghanaians attempt... |
connectivity factors and Kenyan passenger flows."Then, since the room for direct services' introduction is abundant for Kenya, we focused on this air connectivity factor for stimulus of the tourists' inflow.Focusing on the highest frequency destinations with no direct services we further showed that narrowing the air c... | This paper investigates the links between air connectivity, tourism benefits and welfare.It improves on the common practice in the literature by demonstrating avenues of tourism expansion and their welfare implications using both a partial and a general equilibrium model.The results of the gravity model show that there... |
and is compatible with other fabrication methods for Si thermoelectrics, such as nanowires and ‘holey’ Si TEGs.This finding advances the potential of silicon thin-films as a high-performance thermoelectric material and suggests achieving a more competitive figure-of-merit for Si materials may be achievable in the near-... | This finding significantly advances the potential of silicon ultra-thin-films as a high-performance thermoelectric material. |
sauce, along with 80 ml of apple juice and 160 ml water.The subjects recorded the consumption of this standardized dinner in the subject diary.No alcohol consumption was allowed in the 24 h preceding the study visits.In addition, subjects were advised not to change their level of physical activity during the study peri... | The subjects consumed a test meal composed of 50 g starch and 50 g sucrose 15 min after taking the investigational products.Blood samples for analysis of glucose and insulin levels were taken immediately before, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after the test meal.The total PPG-AUC0-120 of IQP-VV-102 D2 and D1 grou... |
reduction of total PPI-AUC compared to placebo.The PPI-AUC reduction in the D2 group at time points 60, 90, 120, and 180 min were 32.7%, 27.2%, 24.5%, and 22.5%; while for the D1 group, they were 10.1%, 11.6%, 11.9% and 13.1%, respectively.There were no clinically relevant or statistically significant changes observed ... | IQP-VV-102, containing L-arabinose and grape marc extract has been shown to promote weight loss.The present study investigated the efficacy of IQP-VV-102 on postprandial blood glucose reduction.In conclusion, IQP-VV-102 exhibited a dose-dependent effect in reducing postprandial blood glucose levels with no disproportio... |
due to attribute non-attendance or interviewer bias, or a general dissatisfaction of the current situation.One problem in administering DCEs in LMICs is the need to use in-person enumerators, rather than anonymous web-based surveying.Care was taken to train the enumerators to not steer respondents, but interviewer bias... | Schistosomiasis is a serious health problem in many parts of Africa which is linked to poor water quality and limited sanitation resources.We administered a discrete choice experiment on water access and health education in rural Uganda, focussing on interventions designed to reduce cases of the disease.Unlike previous... |
based on the exon sequences in B73.Single seeds with normal or mutant kernel phenotypes from a single segregating F2 ear were planted in green house.After 2 weeks, leaf tissues were collected for extraction and purification of genomic DNA as described previously .PCR cycling conditions for all primer pairs were as foll... | Despite the large number of genomic and transcriptomic resources in maize, there is still much to learn about the function of genes in developmental and biochemical processes.Some maize mutants that were generated by gamma-irradiation showed clear segregation for the kernel phenotypes in B73 × Mo17 F2 ears.To better un... |
our results to those obtained after a US EPA 3050 acid digest.Recoveries were between 90 and 110% for Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn.Soil particle size distributions were determined using a Malvern MasterSizer 2000 with a Hydro2000MU wet dispersion unit.One to two grammes of air-dried, <2 mm sieved-soil ... | Samples from putative source populations in China, Taiwan, Malaysia, as well as 'outlier' populations in USA, Mexico, Brazil and Spain were also included, resulting in a total of 565 earthworms genotyped at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA genes.Soils were characterised for elemental c... |
could positively influence the success of the invasion of Amynthas in the Azores.Thus representatives of the two species and their different lineages appear to inhabit the full range of available volcanic soil types on São Miguel Island.All the haplotypes, except for lineage C in A. corticis, could be detected outside ... | Invasive species pose significant challenges to local biodiversity and ecosystem function, especially on islands.Understanding the factors affecting the establishment of invasive species and how these relate to their genetic background is crucial to improve our ability to manage biological invasions.Both species showed... |
both autonomy and supportive partnership as belonging simultaneously to the domains of the public-political and the familial, and encourages us to view both at once.,.Finally, we see studies per se as comparatively impotent to influence gendered realities.The most useful, in fact perhaps the only viable, mechanism for ... | Analyses of intra-household decision-making in Sulawesi are linked to gender issues shown to affect involvement in landscape management.The picture portrayed is encouraging, showing the social sophistication of a group often marginalized: This group shows considerable female involvement in decision-making and strongly ... |
this to be the first study to have applied a systematic quality control and incorporate the risk of overlapping results criteria to our meta-analysis.Several previous publications have provided original results and combined/meta-analytical results with previous datasets; however we argue that the choice of previous dat... | Background: In the last 5. years an increasing number of studies have found that individuals who have micro-duplications at 16p11.2 may have an increased risk of mental disorders including psychotic syndromes.Objective: Our main aim was to review all the evidence in the literature for the association between copy numbe... |
sybII was retrieved relative to synaptophysin at individual nerve terminals.This suggests that parallel mechanisms may be present to recover sybII from the plasma membrane even in the potential disruption of its interaction with synaptophysin.The interaction between synaptophysin and sybII has been identified for many ... | Following exocytosis, synaptic vesicles (SVs) have to be reformed with the correct complement of proteins in the correct stoichiometry to ensure continued neurotransmission.Synaptophysin is a highly abundant, integral SV protein necessary for the efficient retrieval of the SV SNARE protein, synaptobrevin II (sybII).How... |
large discrepancies between estimated and procured quantities in many cases.Second, we did not examine within-contract price adjustments for exchange rate fluctuations due to lack of data for many of the older tenders.Third, some line items were missing in the published tender contracts.Omissions may have reflected cas... | Objective: We investigated the South African tendering system for medicines to (a) evaluate its impact on prices and market concentration over a 14-year period and (b) analyze the accuracy of government forecasts of drug demand.Methods: We calculated Herfindahl-Hirschman indexes to measure market concentration levels b... |
Psychopathy is characterized by persistent antisocial behaviour and emotional detachment.The most commonly used instrument to measure these traits is the Psychopathy Checklist Revised, which quantifies emotional detachment and antisocial behaviour along separate dimensions.The underlying cause for psychopathy is most l... | The most widely recognised group at risk for psychopathy are children/adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits.We therefore examined the microstructure of the dorsal DMN in 27 CD youths (14-with/13-without CU traits) compared to 16 typically developing controls using DTI tractography.T... |
between group differences between the CD-CU and CD + CU groups, we performed exploratory post hoc analyses to assess if differences within either clinical group separately may be associated with CU traits.Greater CU traits were negatively correlated with radial diffusivity in the left dorsal cingulum in CD youths with,... | We recently reported that emotional detachment in adult psychopathy was associated with structural abnormalities in the dorsal ‘default-mode’ network (DMN).However, it is unclear whether these differences are present in young people at risk of psychopathy.Both CD groups had significantly (p < 0.025) reduced dorsal DMN ... |
as a complete barrier, it is suggested that small number of individuals may be able to disperse around or over the mountain range Stevenson et al.Our results show that neighbouring counties do share unique haplotypes with grey squirrels found in Cumbria, suggesting potential origin from both north and south directions ... | This study aims to assess the origin of grey squirrel within Cumbria using phylogeographic analysis to aid in management and control.The results indicate that individuals in north Cumbria are derived from individuals from Scotland and North East England.Other individuals in north Cumbria share a unique haplotype with s... |
MePD .In addition to intrinsic vasopressin and Kiss1 interactions in the MePD, GABA signalling plays a role in sexual behavior .Intraperitoneal injection of a GABAA agonist decreases sexual behavior; however, ex-copula erections were not specifically measured.IP injection of the GABAB agonist, baclofen decreases sexual... | The medial amygdala (MeA) is crucial for sexual behavior; kisspeptin (Kiss1) also plays a role in sexual function.Kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) knockout mice display no sexual behavior.Recently Kiss1 and Kiss1r have been discovered in the posterodorsal subnucleus of the medial amygdala (MePD).We hypothesised that Kiss1 ... |
the possible accumulation of micropollutants and other undesired substances.This phenomenon is expected to be more significant when the draw regeneration process is more selective than that comprising the FO membrane, thus rejecting at high rates all the species that pass through the FO membrane.When NF is applied down... | This study evaluates a treatment system centered on forward osmosis (FO) to extract high-quality water from real brackish groundwater and wastewater.The groundwater had salinity of 4 g/L, while the wastewater sample consisted of a secondary effluent.These feed solutions were treated first in a FO step, achieving a reco... |
The dataset in this article describes the results of interview-based survey of Moscow bicycle infrastructure.Table 1 contains gender-age characteristics of the sample.Table 2 provides the sample territorial breakdown with the population control-set.The “Data” tab of the supplementary Microsoft Excel worksheet contains ... | The data were collected using Computer Assisted Telephone Interview with a questionnaire set of closed-ended and open-ended questions.Respondents’ phone numbers were randomly generated.The survey sample included 1000 adult citizens of Moscow – active and potential users of bicycles (in equal proportions) who take or ca... |
We present a method for policy learning to navigate indoor environments.We adopt a hierarchical policy approach, where two agents are trained to work in cohesion with one another to perform a complex navigation task.A Planner agent operates at a higher level and proposes sub-goals for an Executor agent."The Executor re... | We present a hierarchical learning framework for navigation within an embodied learning setting |
approaches to rehabilitation than on challenging psychotic symptoms.Interestingly, recent evidence supports this suggestion, showing that the degree to which individual inpatient mental health units focus on behavioural or goal-oriented approaches is directly related to the likelihood of successful community discharge.... | Objective: It has been suggested that positive psychotic symptoms reflect 'aberrant salience'.Previously we provided support for this hypothesis in first-episode schizophrenia patients, demonstrating that delusional symptoms were associated with aberrant reward processing, indexed by the Salience Attribution Test (SAT)... |
the retrieval/expression but not formation of a conditioned emotional response relies on DA in the mPFC.Furthermore, it is also known that D1 receptor activation influences CER retrieval only.In the present study, infusions of SKF81297 in the PL sub-region of the mPFC before sampling impaired performance when tested 10... | Previous studies have shown that dopamine D1 receptor antagonists impair novel object recognition memory but the effects of dopamine D1 receptor stimulation remain to be determined.This study investigated the effects of the selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF81297 on acquisition and retrieval in the novel object... |
resonators.The results confirm that the etching step had no effect on the electrical and electrochemical properties of the resonator material.According to the Randles-Sevcik equation, the redox peak current values in CVs depend on the electroactive surface area of the electrode A, the diffusion coefficient of the elect... | In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of a sensor combining electrochemistry with mass sensing.The sensor was realized using pyrolytic carbon, which is highly suitable as electrode material.A pyrolytic carbon resonator was embedded as working electrode in an electrochemical cell with a three-ele... |
perspective of knowledge risks and their management.The plethora of knowledge risks that may potentially endanger the sustainability of an organization makes their identification a problematic issue, not to mention ways to reduce or eliminate their impact.Against the underdeveloped state of research that links these tw... | Since the connection between business sustainability and knowledge risks has not been established in the literature so far, this paper provides a conceptual framework to demonstrate the possible impact of various knowledge risks on business sustainability and offers potential ways to manage and overcome these risks.The... |
downscaling of these variables is very important in order to study the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle of the basin.SDSM showed good capability in simulating Tmax and Tmin in daily, monthly, and seasonal time series, during the calibration and validation.However, it presented good results only for m... | The present study investigated future temporal and spatial changes in maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation in two sub-basins of the Jhelum River basin-the Two Peak Precipitation basin (TPPB) and the One Peak Precipitation basin (OPPB)-and in the Jhelum River basin on the whole, using the statisti... |
Developments in international law in connection with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities have called for wider recognition of the legal capacity of people with mental disabilities.Standard interpretations of the concept “legal capacity” hold that it refers to being a duty bearer as ... | The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is being used to argue for wider recognition of the legal capacity of people with mental disabilities.However, the analysis highlights a fundamental question about how much weight moral or political considerations should be given in setting... |
the right to make one's own personal decisions.47",This combination would allow more scope for withholding blame and punishment on the basis of mental incapacity, recognizing legal capacity more readily in the personal sphere.This is one position that seems compatible with the evaluative commitments found in the CRPD a... | The present paper works towards an answer by analysing the relationship between legal capacity in relation to personal decisions and criminal acts.Its central argument is that because moral and political considerations play an essential role in setting the relevant standards, legal capacity in the context of personal d... |
involving convective heat transfer are difficult to be described without using criterial equations with dimensionless parameters due to the large amount of solid, liquid, and gaseous matters participating in the process of heat transfer.Melting and solidification of PCMs are not exceptions from this rule.As highlighted... | To date, numerous phase change materials (PCM) have been developed for application in latent heat storage systems.There are many issues in the process from the development of PCM to using them in storage systems, which should be resolved.The problem of heat transfer in PCMs during the phase change process is the most i... |
sources of the significant discrepancy observed, which were up to 50%.These included the heat lost to flash expelled in the direction perpendicular to oscillation, which was neglected in their two-dimensional model, and uncertainty in the material constitutive data used to predict the heat generation rate.In the curren... | This paper presents a finite element thermal model for linear friction welding applied to an instrumented weld in Ti6Al4V.The power at the weld interface was estimated from the measured transverse velocity and the cyclic machine load.This was compared with the power history reverse-engineered from thermocouple data.A s... |
negative perceptions.In order to disentangle the direction of causality, a longitudinal study should be conducted.A second limitation relates to selection bias.Whether members of market research panels are psychologically representative of the general population in terms of attitudes to vaccination is unknown .While it... | Objectives To identify predictors of: uptake of the childhood influenza vaccine in the 2015–2016 influenza season, parental perceptions of side-effects from the influenza vaccine and intention to vaccinate one's child for influenza in the 2016–2017 influenza season.Design Cross-sectional online survey.Setting Data were... |
off of plasmid digested with PVUII and APALl using T7 transcription.After transcription, the DNA template was digested with Turbo DNAse and the RNA was purified using RNA Clean and Concentrate-25 kit.Nanoluciferase reactions were performed using Promega’s Nano-Glo Luciferase Assay System.In brief, 10 μL of 1:50 Nanoluc... | Syringe pumps are powerful tools able to automate routine laboratory practices that otherwise consume large amounts of manual labor time.Commercially available syringe pumps are expensive, difficult to customize, and often preset for a narrow range of operations.Here, we show how to build a programmable dual syringe pu... |
indicating that Arid5a expression was induced in the process of neuronal cell death or degeneration.Arid5a is a member of the Arid protein family, which have diverse functions that are directly involved in the development of both tissue-specific gene expression and regulation of cell growth.Arid5a is a protein that can... | Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a phenomenon in which a short-term sublethal ischemic exposure induces tolerance to a subsequent lethal ischemic insult; however, the detailed mechanism underlying IPC-induced neuroprotection remains obscure.Here, we applied middle cerebral artery occlusion, a preconditioning ischemic ... |
of these systems.It was interesting to compare the spatial distributions of albumin nanoparticles versus solution within the lungs over 48 h, as this is relevant for therapeutic performance of inhaled nanomedicines.Substantial levels of soluble albumin and albumin nanoparticles could be detected within the BAL fluid ph... | Abstract The development of clinically acceptable albumin-based nanoparticle formulations for use in pulmonary drug delivery has been hindered by concerns about the toxicity of nanomaterials in the lungs combined with a lack of information on albumin nanoparticle clearance kinetics and biodistribution.In this study, th... |
We present an approach for expanding taxonomies with synonyms, or aliases.We target large shopping taxonomies, with thousands of nodes.A comprehensive set of entity aliases is an important component of identifying entities in unstructured text such as product reviews or search queries.Our method consists of two stages:... | We use machine learning to generate synonyms for large shopping taxonomies. |
control and LED lighting to simulate sunlight spectrum and intensity was designed and successfully operated under climate-simulated conditions.This system allows one to simulate the climate conditions of any geographical location and determine how algae will grow in a location of interest.This innovative modeling capab... | The cultivation efforts within the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts (NAABB) were developed to provide four major goals for the consortium, which included biomass production for downstream experimentation, development of new assessment tools for cultivation, development of new cultivation reactor ... |
planning, low learning curve, training, top-management strategy and communication.There were two reported resource solutions: tooling and provide hardware resources.In this section, we answer the research questions of the study and discuss the results.We also discuss the overall limitations of the study.We found 40 dis... | Context: Continuous delivery is a software development discipline in which software is always kept releasable.The literature contains instructions on how to adopt continuous delivery, but the adoption has been challenging in practice.Objective: In this study, a systematic literature review is conducted to survey the fa... |
and/or tissue distribution may be different between C2816 and parent molecules.Finally, full activity profiles at mouse receptors remains unknown and may diverge from human receptor assays.With these caveats, C2816 exerted substantially greater weight loss compared to co-administration of parent molecules supporting th... | Combination approaches for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are becoming increasingly relevant.Co-administration of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist with a cholecystokinin receptor-1 (CCKR1) agonist exert synergistic effects on weight loss in obese rodents.Here, we rep... |
and thermal analysis.Swelling studies of the composite proposed that the maximum swelling of the composite occured at a pH of 6.8.The profile of the encapsulation study suggests that the encapsulation efficiency gets decreased with the increase in pH. The release kinetics is controlled by both the diffusion and swellin... | The scope of the present study is the synthesis and characterization of a nanocomposite based on natural bentonite clay and sodium alginate as a drug delivery system.The nanocomposite was prepared by the grafted copolymerization of alginate, acrylamide and modified bentonite.The characterization of the nanocomposite wa... |
Here we provide the curated human dataset for hyperbilirubinemia that was used for generating a classification model for hyperbilirubinemia .Hyperbilirubinemia is the pathological condition of accumulation of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin in sinusoidal blood.It has been associated with underlying liver disease, ... | Hyperbilirubinemia is a pathological condition, very often indicative of underlying liver condition that is characterized by excessive accumulation of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin in sinusoidal blood.In literature there are several indications associating the inhibition of the basolateral hepatic transporters O... |
fluids, which share the same ΣCO2, H2, and pH composition as Beebe Vents, at relatively lower temperatures of venting promotes measureable ΣHCOOH production in the Beebe Woods fluids.Longer chained alkanes in the Piccard endmember fluids, C2H6, C3H8, n-C4H10, and i-C4H10, are present at nanomolar levels that are four t... | Hosted in basaltic substrate on the ultra-slow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise, the Piccard hydrothermal field is the deepest currently known seafloor hot-spring (4957–4987 m).Due to its great depth, the Piccard site is an excellent natural system for investigating the influence of extreme pressure on the formation of submar... |
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