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and practices applicable before, during and after could act as guiding frameworks for these tenure documentation approaches.In short, nuanced research and evaluation would as if there are certain types of purposes and circumstances, for which a given approach is fit in future.The third challenge discussed in Section 4.... | Since around 2011 pilot projects to innovate land tenure documentation are being implemented in various countries in the global south in order to address the shortcomings of formal land registration.A longer-term question, underlying the present study, is how these innovations relate in the longer run to existing insti... |
of households.Letters of support were also obtained from the Western Tigray and Kafta Humera district health bureaus.Freshly fed female sand flies could be identified by the blood visible in their abdomens, and they were immediately preserved in alcohol or silica gel grains."In the laboratory, the head and abdominal ti... | Sources of sand fly blood meals were identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and DNA amplification with reverse-line blot analysis (PCR-RLB); 632 specimens were screened using ELISA, 408 of which had identifiable blood meals, and 114 were screened using PCR-RLB, 53 of which yielded identifications.F... |
Humera a total of 746 freshly fed, female sand flies were collected, and from these 461 blood meals were identified.Most specimens collected were P. orientalis, from the village of Adebay, and collected at village peripheries.The other sand fly species collected were, in order of abundance, Sergentomyia clydei, Phlebot... | Methods: A total of 746 freshly fed female sand flies were collected in five population centers in Kafta Humera (northwestern Ethiopia), where VL is endemic.The most common blood source for all flies was donkey (33.9% of all identifications), followed by cow (24.2%), human (17.6%), dog (11.8%), and goat or sheep (8.6%)... |
directly measure herd size and species composition, as well as their proximity to at-risk farmers and village residents.As with any host-parasite-vector system, there are several factors and variables involved, so multivariate statistics are important during analysis.Several recent studies have produced contradictory r... | Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, or “kala-azar”) is a major cause of disability and death, especially in East Africa.Its vectors, sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), are poorly controlled and guarded against in these regions, owing in part to a lack of understanding about their feeding behavior.Res... |
Biomass represents the main renewable carbon resource and biomass conversion into higher value products has been the subject of much research in recent years .However, this subject still constitutes a significant challenge due to the highly complex chemical structure of biomass.Among several conversion technologies, fa... | Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils obtained from intermediate pyrolysis with hot vapor filtration was investigated over Ru/C and NiCu/Al2O3 catalysts as a function of several parameters: feedstock (beech wood, wheat straw), pyrolysis temperature, catalyst and hydrotreatment temperature.Overall the results indicate th... |
towards production of ketones, while Ru/C predominantly formed alcohols and alkanes.The conversion of aromatics was limited over both catalysts.However, the catalytic activity associated to the intermediate pyrolysis oil from straw was reduced in comparison to the beech wood, which may result from heteroatoms poisoning... | Beech wood was found to be a suitable feedstock for HDO due to its low heteroatom content, whereas the high sulfur content in the wheat straw bio-oil caused irreversible poisoning of the catalysts.The pyrolysis temperature affected the fragmentation degree; higher temperatures resulted in a higher quality pyrolysis oil... |
a factor of four .Type-II strained layer superlattices of InAs/InAs1-xSbx were grown on InAs substrates by MBE.Structural analysis of the samples reveals very good crystalline quality but with a non-uniform distribution of Sb within the QWs which originates from segregation effects during growth.Bright PL emission was ... | There is continuing interest in the development of superlattices for use in photonic devices operating in the technologically important mid-infrared spectral range.In this work type-II strained-layer superlattices of InAs/InAs1-xSbx (x = 0.04 and x = 0.06) were grown on InAs (1 0 0) substrates by MBE.Structural analysi... |
A common assumption in using Computational Fluid Dynamics approaches in modelling of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells entails the homogenization of the porous structures of the different fuel cell components, such as Gas Diffusion Layers, Micro-Porous Layers and Catalyst Layers.This assumption implies that these porous s... | A large number of currently available Computational Fluid Dynamics numerical models of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are based on the assumption that porous structures are mainly considered as thin and homogenous layers, hence the mass transport equations in structures such as Gas Diffusion Layers (GD... |
the droplets created by “fine-mist” can lead to formation of droplets larger than the GDL pores themselves.Whereas for the PMM model the formation of droplets larger that the GDL pores is not allowed.Fig. 8b shows that the contact area between droplets and carbon fibres is considerably higher in case of LB two-phase si... | Application of homogenous models implies that the effects of porous structures are taken into consideration via the effective transport properties of porosity, tortuosity, permeability (or flow resistance), diffusivity, electric and thermal conductivity.Therefore, reliable values of those effective properties of GDL pl... |
process with neglected logarithm term) could not be fitted properly.Results of nonlinear fitting are presented in Figs. 8 and 9.In case of curves obtained for fitting thermograms corresponding to excess isocyanate mixture, only the first two processes fits the assumed model.The fitting procedure could not converge for ... | This work focuses on the application of thermal analysis and kinetics investigations to analyze chemical processes during cross-linking of the complex fast-curing polyurethane system.Non-isothermal Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed for both stoichiometric mixtures of polyol and isocyan... |
reported accuracy of both remote sensing and in-situ ETa and crop yield.The in-situ methods were first described.In-situ methods have commonly been used to understand crop performance and are typically used as the reference value for remote sensing estimates to quantify their accuracy.They are ascribed as the benchmark... | The scarcity of water and the growing global food demand has fevered the debate on how to increase agricultural production without further depleting water resources.Crop water productivity (CWP) is a performance indicator to monitor and evaluate water use efficiency in agriculture.Often in remote sensing datasets of CW... |
chemical decomposition reactions are time-dependent. ,In addition, we find that accessed capacity per cycle also impacts observed stability, due to the time- and concentration-dependence of decomposition processes.As such, the important parameters for bulk electrolysis cycling appear to be how long the unstable species... | Emerging grid storage needs are motivating the discovery and development of new, potentially inexpensive redox couples for use in flow batteries.Long-term stability in electrochemical environments remains a key challenge and charge/discharge cycling in a bulk electrolysis cell is a common initial approach.However, as c... |
are more robust than assumed by the lenient threshold used to localize the ROIs.A combination of uncorrected voxelwise and cluster threshold produces a desire balance between type I and II error rates, in particular for moderate effects.A future study should aim to replicate and extend our findings in an independent da... | Statistical regularities exist at different timescales in temporally unfolding event sequences.Recent studies have identified brain regions that are sensitive to the levels of regularity in sensory inputs, enabling the brain to construct a representation of environmental structure and adaptively generate actions or pre... |
Pancreatic cancer is predicted to be the second most common cause of cancer death by 2030.The major reason for this is that, unlike many other cancers, there have been no significant improvements in survival over the past 30 years.That said, over the last 5 years there has been great progress in the understanding of pa... | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is resistant to most therapies including single-agent immunotherapy and has a dense desmoplastic stroma, and most patients present with advanced metastatic disease.We reveal that macrophages are the dominant leukocyte population both in human PDAC stroma and autochthonous models,... |
signature correlated with poor prognosis of patients with PDAC following surgery, and that an important component of that signature was the collagen cross-linking enzyme LOX.We therefore examined changes in the tumor microenvironment of the KPC mice following AZD7507 treatment.Using Masson’s Trichrome staining, we obse... | AZD7507 caused shrinkage of established tumors and increased mouse survival in this difficult-to-treat model.Loss of macrophages rewired other features of the TME, with global changes in gene expression akin to switching PDAC subtypes.find that CSF-1R+ macrophages play a vital role in pancreatic tumor maintenance, supp... |
therapy.The tumor stroma is switched away from an immunosuppressive environment resulting in a marked increase in CD8+ effector cells, while markers of a stiff environment were reduced with changes in collagen and hypoxia.These alterations, alongside the cytokines and growth factors released by macrophages that will be... | These changes were markedly different to those elicited when neutrophils were targeted via CXCR2.These results suggest targeting the myeloid cell axis may be particularly efficacious in PDAC, especially with CSF1R inhibitors.In an autochthonous model, CSF-1R inhibition alters the gene expression programs that influence... |
of positive cells.Portions of murine pancreatic tumors were frozen in RNAlater solution until required.RNA extraction was performed using QIAGEN RNeasy Plus Mini Kit and homogenized in a Precellys with ceramic beads.DNA was removed with Turbo DNA-free Kit.In short-term treatment studies, 25 mg of frozen pancreatic tiss... | Candido et al. |
necessary for practical purposes.Regarding the last peak at 750 mV, the peak position is within the potential range for the Ag+ transfer displayed in NaNO3 background solution, and then this peak is the only that increased with the Ag+ concentration in the sample solution.As a result, this peak was ascribed to the pres... | Nanometer-sized membranes (thickness of ca 200 nm) backside contacted with a film of poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT) are here interrogated by an electrochemical protocol based on the accumulation and stripping of the target ion aiming at lowering its limit of detection (i.e., in the sub-micromolar range).Thus, using a mem... |
40% reduction of the total production costs, while doubling the sale price of MAC-FM results only in a 20% reduction of the total production costs.The production costs can be reduced if a carbon credit is considered.In this case, carbon credits of 10–50 €/t of CO2 are considered as described in Section 2.4.Thus, the pr... | This study covers four main aspects of the conceptual design of sustainable integrated microalgae-based biorefineries using flue gas from CO2-intensive industries (i.e.100% CO2): i) screening of technologies (4 options for cultivation, 3 for culture dewatering, 3 for cell disruption, 4 for lipids extraction & purificat... |
the model based designs.We also find similar results for the log-logistic dose-toxicity curve in Table 2 to those described for the logistic dose-toxicity curve.The result that the location of the starting dose relative to the true MTD does not affect the accuracy of MTD selection may not be surprising since the true D... | We find that all the designs examined select the MTD much more accurately when there is a clear separation between the true DLT rate at the MTD and the rates at the dose level immediately above and below it, such as for the DLT rates generated using the chosen logistic dose-toxicity curve; the separations in these true... |
A + B designs with a target DLT rate of ∼0.2 select dose level 2 as the MTD.Dose level 4 is the true MTD if the target DLT rate is 0.33.If we consider the 4 + 4 b design and 5 + 5 b design, they both select dose level 4 as the MTD ∼40% of the time.This is much higher than the percentages with which the 3 + 3 and the ot... | This paper systematically reviews and compares through simulations several statistical operating characteristics, including the accuracy of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) selection, the percentage of patients assigned to the MTD, over-dosing, under-dosing, and the trial dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) rate, of eleven rule-b... |
the nef transgene in chAd vectors and we are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to identify a difference in immune responses to the Nef transgene product between two chAd vectors.Both vectors’ transgenes have been fully sequenced and have been shown to produce proteins consistent in size with the full-length GPN ... | Adenoviruses have been shown to be both immunogenic and efficient at presenting HIV proteins but recent trials have suggested that they may play a role in increasing the risk of HIV acquisition.This risk may be associated with the presence of pre-existing immunity to the viral vectors.ChAd3 and chAd63 were used to deli... |
mutations to changes in phenotype, as well as to determine how phenotype influences the pathogen transmission process.Such an approach may provide insights into complex host–pathogen dynamics of acute infections where herd immunity may play a role, such as strain interactions in dengue and antigenic seniority in influe... | The field of phylodynamics, which attempts to enhance our understanding of infectious disease dynamics using pathogen phylogenies, has made great strides in the past decade.Basic epidemiological and evolutionary models are now well characterized with inferential frameworks in place.However, significant challenges remai... |
water-limited, for all three crops studied.Where crops are subject to frequent water stress most of the yield inter-annual variability is explained by leaf area dynamics along the growing season, and can be well captured by regional fAPAR time-series.In contrast, in regions of high yield where fAPAR inter-annual variab... | This study addresses the role of satellite Earth Observation (EO) indicators within an operational crop yield forecasting system for the European Union (EU) and neighbouring countries, by exploring the correlation between official yield statistics and indicators derived from fAPAR time-series at sub-national level for ... |
reaches their corresponding market segment."For example, e-retailers having men and younger individuals as their market base may opt-in for shorter versions of their privacy-related content as this segment is less likely to be cautious and thus not seek for the website's privacy certification, terms and conditions, etc... | Consumers' privacy concerns remain the primary barrier for future growth of e-commerce.Research to date has so far considered privacy concerns either as an independent variable to explore consumers' actual (or stated) behavioural intentions (e.g.the decision to purchase goods online) or as dependent variable explained ... |
at the coast, therefore requiring the forecasting of wave dynamics.Also, forcing OPENCoastS with watershed forecasts can provide accurate estimations of freshwater flows in natural rivers.These evolutions will improve the accuracy of the forecasts by including neglected physical processes, such as wave-induced setup, a... | Coastal forecast systems are used for many purposes, including harbor management, search and rescue operations, and response to extreme events.However, the generation and operation of these systems is time-consuming, requires expertise in both information technologies and modeling of coastal processes, and needs dedica... |
Graphene is a two dimensional allotrope of sp2 bonded carbon atoms in a hexagonal honeycomb structure, or more simply, a single layer of graphite .Graphene has attracted great interest due to its remarkable properties, such as high charge mobility , thermal conductivity , and mechanical stability and elasticity .Micro-... | They show great potential in organophilic pervaporation, solvent-resistant nanofiltration and gas and vapour separations.However, they are susceptible to physical ageing, leading to a reduction in permeability over time.An improvement in membrane permeability, control over diffusion selectivity and a reduction of the e... |
in the sp3 planar content map) are directly related to the thickness of the graphene.Moreover, this method allows imaging the graphene flakes embedded in the polymer matrix with a high signal-to-background ratio.Fitted spectra corresponding to different positions within the spectrum image shown in Fig. 10 are displayed... | Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are a group of polymers with molecular sieve behaviour due to their rigid, contorted macromolecular backbones.Little is experimentally known about how the material disperses in the polymer.Here we used Raman spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and el... |
in cellular growth and development.Transcript encoding proteins involved in CREB regulation varied between tissues, indicating as expected tissue specific regulation.The results regarding tissue specificity was the complementation of tissue specific pathways that when interlinked via hormonal stimuli create a higher ph... | One of the goals of the aquaculture industry is to understand and control growth associated traits through selective breeding.In the present study the molecular basis of growth heterogeneity in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was addressed.To establish growth heterogeneity in a group of hatchery bred sea b... |
juxtaposition of the isoprenoid precursor with FMNH2 , while a distinct branch of the UbiD enzyme family has recently been implicated in isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis in certain archeae.This is the first report of UbiD enzymes working on single double bond substrates, but also raises the question how a system entir... | Prenylated flavin (prFMN) is a recently discovered cofactor that underpins catalysis in the ubiquitous microbial UbiDX system.UbiX acts as a flavin prenyltransferase while UbiD is a prFMN-dependent reversible (de)carboxylase.The extensive modification of flavin by prenylation, and the consecutive oxidation to the prFMN... |
scale, particularly when considering the risk of drought stress.Underpredicting inter-annual variability is a well-known issue with weather generators including LARS-WG.However, this should not affect the calculation of adverse weather conditions analysed because the indices are based on extreme weather formulated usin... | Winter wheat is an important crop in the UK, suited to the typical weather conditions in the current climate.In a changing climate the increased frequency and severity of adverse weather events, which are often localised, are considered a major threat to wheat production.In the present study we assessed a range of adve... |
Data files and codes are in Stata 13 format.In the folder “Main_data_for_figures” the interested researchers can find the code “M_Cdebt_Graphs.do” which calls 10 datasets to create Table 6 plus Figures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in the original article of .“Fig 1_delinquency_rates_countries.dta” contains the delinquency... | This article provides data on the simulation results of consumer debt default for bank and non-bank lenders in Chile, using the model described in Ref.[1].Furthermore, it provides a summary description of all the codes used for the simulation exercises and how to implement them from publicly available microdata sources... |
made in the past, notably with respect to lead and intelligence quotient.In the case of lead and IQ, it was argued that even non-clinically relevant changes in IQ at the individual level in response to lead exposure could be significant at the population level, particularly with respect to individuals in the ‘tails’ of... | Instead, recent risk assessments for thyroid-active chemicals have focussed on iodine uptake inhibition, an upstream event that by itself is not necessarily adverse.Establishing the extent of uptake inhibition that can be considered de minimis, the chosen benchmark response (BMR), is therefore critical.The BMR values s... |
the increasing trend until 6M are accompanied by an antiparallel development of the T2 values equivalent to those in the cortex and whole brain ROIs.The changes in diffusivity are manifested quite strongly until 3M, as the striatum is rich in white matter bundles stretching toward the internal capsule.Histological asse... | Longitudinal studies on brain pathology and assessment of therapeutic strategies rely on a fully mature adult brain to exclude confounds of cerebral developmental changes.Thus, knowledge about onset of adulthood is indispensable for discrimination of developmental phase and adulthood.We have performed a high-resolution... |
Carbon capture and storage has been proposed as one of the solutions for lowering the greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere.The idea is to capture the greenhouse gases before emission and inject them into subsurface geological formations for safe storage into the future.Large-scale sites have been demonstrating th... | A solution to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions is carbon capture and storage.At the Sleipner field, offshore Norway, carbon dioxide is separated from the produced gas and injected into the Utsira formation at approximately 1000. m depth.The full waveform inversion (FWI) method is a non-linear inverse method for ... |
monitor data is, in addition, better due to better equipments used in the acquisition of the monitor data.Since the baseline dataset did not resolve the areas at the boundaries of the constraint satisfactorily, the monitor inversion is trying to explain the model in the edge areas.The consequence is that these events s... | The Utsira formation is a high porosity saline aquifer that is 200-300. m thick in the injection area.The survey has been followed up by several seismic surveys acquired to monitor the migration of the injected gas.Time-lapse FWI has recently been suggested as a monitoring tool for resolving time-lapse changes directly... |
localises to the late endosome and is important for its fusion with the lysosome, only showed a non-significant trend towards downregulation.Western blot analysis confirmed that the changes detected in the integrated omics dataset in LRRK2-G2019S neurons were robust.In agreement with the integrated omics data, levels o... | Western blotting, immunostaining and functional assays including FM1-43 analysis of synaptic vesicle endocytosis were performed to confirm these findings in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuronal cultures carrying either the LRRK2-G2019S or the LRRK2-R1441C mutation, and LRRK2 BAC transgenic rats, and post-mortem human bra... |
pathology whereas the globus pallidus generally escapes degeneration.In both regions, as seen for the aged rats, there was no change in puncta size.These findings suggest that the endocytic pathway is dysregulated in late stage disease.Our use of a novel integrated -omics analysis provided the power to demonstrate exte... | It is therefore essential that studies are conducted to improve our understanding of the cellular role of this protein.Methods: A novel integrated transcriptomics and proteomics approach was used to identify pathways that were significantly altered in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons carrying the LRRK2-G2019S mutation... |
and it is routinely used to evaluate vestibular compensation during treatment.We decided to include it subsequently to observe the association between vestibular tone asymmetry diagnosed by spontaneous nystagmus and post-caloric asymmetries – important for choosing the ear to be implanted.In such cases, both the sponta... | Introduction Cochlear implants are undeniably an effective method for the recovery of hearing function in patients with hearing loss.Objective To describe the preoperative vestibular assessment protocol in subjects who will be submitted to cochlear implants.Methods Our institutional protocol provides the vestibular dia... |
interest rates, so that the bad effect of other factors on Green rates policy can be reduced and the development of green-credit policy can be promoted.Whether the aim of the government is the maximum producer surplus or the maximum green GDP, providing preferential interest rate lower than market interest rate to rene... | As traditional energy is depleting, it is urgent to search for substitutes of traditional energy.Therefore, policies promoting the development of renewable energy are introduced.Under the condition of non-capital constraints, the green-credit policy and the production subsidy about renewable energy enterprises are comp... |
the alternate task.Finally, it is noteworthy that Addante, Watrous, Yonelinas, Ekstrom, and Ranganath have also reported neural activity that predicted the accuracy of source memory judgments.In contrast to the current study there was no switching requirement, participants only completed an episodic task, and the effec... | Successful retrieval of episodic information is thought to involve the adoption of memory states that ensure that stimulus events are treated as episodic memory cues (retrieval mode) and which can bias retrieval toward specific memory contents (retrieval orientation).The neural correlates of these memory states have be... |
Transitioning towards sustainable human development requires better understanding and management of the relationships between ecosystems’ life-supporting capacity, humanity's effective use of the services that they provide, and the economic consequences of overburdening them. "While the Earth provides many ecosystem se... | This paper applies Ecological Footprint accounting to Mediterranean countries to track ecological asset balances and investigate the long-term feasibility of fulfilling natural resource and service needs.We argue that when consumption exceeds local availability, countries either resort to depletion of ecological assets... |
analysis, the 5 countries contributing the most to the regional EFC are France, Italy, Spain, Turkey and Egypt, together accounting for 73% of the overall demand in 2010."In recent years, the fairly steady growth trend in the Mediterranean region's EFC has been disrupted. "Indeed, from 1961 to 2006 the region's EFC gre... | Our findings are that the Mediterranean region currently uses approximately 2.5 times more natural resources and ecological services than their ecosystems can provide.Countries highly dependent on natural resource imports therefore expose their economies to the macroeconomic consequences of price volatility.We conclude... |
future economic performance.Over the long term, it is likely that production losses due to climate change or over-intensive use of croplands, grazing lands, fishing grounds, and forests will cause severe economic impacts in a number of Mediterranean countries.The nature and timing of such biophysical tipping points is ... | Access to outside resources is however limited by (a) the availability of resources on international markets and (b) their affordability.We find that trade-related effects of natural resource price volatility are significant for Mediterranean economies as a 10% increase in the price of natural resources corresponds wit... |
the hydration products that connected the microcapsule to the matrix seem to have undergone fracture and delamination.Similarly, fractured debris of hydration products appear in Fig. 23a as well.These observations lead to the conclusion that most probably the microcapsules debonded during cracking.This validates the ea... | Spherical polymeric microcapsules, carrying liquid sodium silicate, were used for autonomic self-healing of mortars.Microcapsules were added at varying volume fractions (Vf), with respect to the cement volume, from as low as 4% up to 32% and their effect on fresh, mechanical and self-healing properties was investigated... |
activation in situ accordingly.There are some potentially important implications of these observations: First, they suggest that excitatory network activity can regulate the average NMDAR occupancy without significant rises in the background glutamate level.This implies that measurements of the ambient glutamate in act... | Sustained activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) plays an important role in controlling activity of neural circuits in the brain.However, whether this activation reflects the ambient level of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in brain tissue or whether it depends mainly on local synaptic discharges remains poorly un... |
manufacturing with very smooth surface finishes for the purely refractive homogenizer should see minimal improvement with the addition of a reflective sleeve to make the CRRH.In this study, the refractive homogenizer was manufactured using sylgard material and a mould made of polished aluminium which is a common method... | The conjugate refractive reflective homogeniser (CRRH) is experimentally tested within a cassegrain concentrator of geometrical concentration ratio 500× and its power output compared to the theoretical predictions of a 7.76% increase.I–V traces are taken at various angles of incidence and experimental results showed a ... |
Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs are widely used in clinical practice for the assessment of skeletal disorders such as hip osteoarthritis or osteoporosis.In total hip arthroplasty, preoperative templating based on AP pelvic radiographs is an important step in predicting features such as implant size, position and ori... | In total hip arthroplasty, the shape of the contra-lateral femur frequently serves as a template for preoperative planning.Previous research on contra-lateral femoral symmetry has been based on conventional hip geometric measurements (which reduce shape to a series of linear measurements) and did not take the effect of... |
average shape difference between the point positions identified by the FASMM system and the point positions after re-evaluation was 0.7 mm.This analysis thus identified that the majority of oppositional asymmetric shape variation between the left and right proximal femurs was attributable to mode 3.The analysis of glob... | We also calculated conventional hip geometric measurements (head diameter, neck width, shaft width and neck-shaft angle) using the output of the FASMM system.The average difference (mean point-to-curve distance) between left and right femur shape was 1.0. mm before and 0.8. mm after adjusting for these two modes.The au... |
combined SSM is a suitable approach to account for subject positioning during image acquisition.Hence, we consider that the measurements obtained after adjusting for oppositional asymmetric patterns of shape variation are more representative of actual shape.However, excluding modes from the combined SSM needs to be app... | The aim of this study was to analyse proximal femur symmetry based on statistical shape models (SSMs) which quantify global femoral shape while also adjusting for differences in subject positioning during image acquisition.We conclude that (i) for Caucasian females the global shape of the right and left proximal femurs... |
Questions that require counting a variety of objects in images remain a major challenge in visual question answering.The most common approaches to VQA involve either classifying answers based on fixed length representations of both the image and question or summing fractional counts estimated from each section of the i... | We perform counting for visual question answering; our model produces interpretable outputs by counting directly from detected objects. |
Electric-vehicle production heavily depends on the supply of critical materials, for instance cobalt, as essential material for high-end rechargeable batteries.Mining of these materials is often concentrated to one region, e.g. cobalt or so called conflict materials such as tantalum, tin or tungsten stem mainly from th... | Critical raw materials like rare-earth elements are essential inputs for the production process of many electronic products, but also for environmentally-friendly green-energy technology products.As the recycling efficiency of these materials is still an ongoing research, and return flows from end-of-life products are ... |
material without having customers.This demand is visible from the results of the analysis.We can therefore see that it is doable from an economical point of view, visible from the results of our analysis.Even though the focus of our study is on the manufacturer, it has also implications on the upstream part of the supp... | The use of recovered raw materials can help to mitigate the risk and simultaneously pave the way towards a circular economy.We investigate a sourcing strategy faced by a manufacturer considering the possibility to source critical raw materials from a supplier offering recycled material.We develop a single-period invent... |
manipulation of Magres files.Fig. 7 shows an example script which processes the Magres files from calculations on 50 disordered structures on Gahlenite .The script classifies each Al site as either T1 or T2 and for each type of site plots a histogram of 27Al quadrupolar coupling constants, distinguishing between sites ... | We introduce two open source tools to aid the processing and visualisation of ab-initio computed solid-state NMR parameters.The Magres file format for computed NMR parameters (as implemented in CASTEP v8.0 and QuantumEspresso v5.0.0) is implemented.MagresView is built upon the widely used Jmol crystal viewer, and provi... |
practical relevance as national scale bioresources are being assembled such as the UK NIHR BioResource and prospective longitudinal cohorts with linked disease incidence/phenotyping such as the Precision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program in the United States and UK BioBank.We find that SNP2HLA generated high confidenc... | This study aimed to establish the occurrence and frequency of HLA alleles and haplotypes for a healthy British Caucasian population bioresource from Oxfordshire.We present the results of imputation from HLA SNP genotyping data using SNP2HLA for 5553 individuals from Oxford Biobank, defining one- and two-field alleles t... |
to the North Atlantic from the Laurentide and Eurasian ice sheets during Termination II is required to agree with the warming indicated by Antarctic ice core records.Differences between model simulations presented in this paper and data may also be related to model representations of atmospheric feedbacks and missing f... | The Last Interglacial (LIG, 129-116 thousand of years BP, ka) represents a test bed for climate model feedbacks in warmer-than-present high latitude regions.However, mainly because aligning different palaeoclimatic archives and from different parts of the world is not trivial, a spatio-temporal picture of LIG temperatu... |
limitations should be considered when interpreting the results.First, the study only shows that offering the light mask as per this study protocol to suppress rod function is not an effective option to treat non-central diabetic macular oedema.It is possible that the retinal illumination achieved with these devices did... | Methods: CLEOPATRA was a phase 3, single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial undertaken at 15 ophthalmic centres in the UK.Adults with non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema were randomly assigned (1:1) to wearing either a light mask during sleep (Noctura 400 Sleep Mask, PolyPhotonix Medical, Sedge... |
of these three levels of compliance decreased over time.Sensitivity analyses for missing data were done to represent three possible scenarios, to reflect whether departures from the missing-at-random assumption applied within patients assigned the light mask only, within those allocated the sham mask only, and within b... | Outcome assessors were masked technicians and optometrists.Analysis was done using the intention-to-treat principle in all randomised patients with OCT data.277 patients (144 assigned the light mask and 133 the sham mask) contributed to the mixed-effects model over time, including 246 patients with OCT data at 24 month... |
in the coupling of energy balance and HPG axis activation, via modulation of hypothalamic expression of Kiss1.Blockade of mTOR caused delayed vaginal opening in rodents with blunting of the positive effects of leptin on puberty onset in food-restricted females.It remains to be determined if the effect of FTO on puberta... | The genetic control of pubertal timing has been a field of active investigation for the last decade, but remains a fascinating and mysterious conundrum.Self-limited delayed puberty (DP), also known as constitutional delay of growth and puberty, represents the extreme end of normal pubertal timing, and is the commonest ... |
as those extending from the descending projection in the T3 neuropil.VVD Viewer was used to calculate the voxel volume of each of these compartments.Significance was determined via two-tailed t tests of each compartment across species.An optical fiber connected to a ThorLabs PM100D Compact Power and Energy Meter was po... | It is unclear where in the nervous system evolutionary changes tend to occur.To localize the source of neural evolution that has generated divergent behaviors, we developed a new approach to label and functionally manipulate homologous neurons across Drosophila species.We examined homologous descending neurons that dri... |
Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase.In patients with IOPD, glycogen accumulates within the lysosomes of multiple tissues, particularly heart, skeletal, and smooth muscles and the liver .This severe form is characterized by prominent cardiac ... | Pompe disease is caused by a deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA; EC, 3.2.1.20), and the infantile-onset form is rapidly fatal if left untreated.However, recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) extends survival for infantile Pompe patients.Although cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM)-neg... |
determined in the blood samples from all 3 drug-naive patients who were tested.To evaluate the blood-based CRIM assay in a larger sample, the assay was also performed in 5 IOPD patients receiving ERT.Of these patients, 4 were previously classified as CRIM-negative and 1 was previously classified as CRIM-positive by a C... | We present a blood-based CRIM assay that can yield results within 48 to 72. h. Results from this assay have been confirmed by GAA Western blot analysis in fibroblasts or by GAA sequencing in a small number of Pompe disease patients.Rapid classification of CRIM status will assist in identifying the most effective treatm... |
ascertain the quality of products that do not clearly fall in the definition of medical device and yet have a strong impact on medical and healthcare practices?,Some action has already been taken in the direction of offering an authoritative assessment of the multitude of available health apps: the European Directory o... | Consumer genomics and mobile health provide health-related information to individuals and offer advice for lifestyle change.We argue that this ambiguity challenges implicit distinctions between what is medical and what is related to personal lifestyle choices within current regulatory systems.In this article, we discus... |
when Stanford University attempted to manually construct an encyclopedia of knowledge that contained all human common-sense knowledge.The expectation was to attain human-level inferential capability.Although Cyc incorporated a considerable amount of data and knowledge, the capabilities of the Internet and big data poss... | With the popularization of the Internet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of ar... |
the digital creative industry, and the engineering knowledge center.Moreover, market and social demands for AI in China have rapidly expanded.In 2014, the market scale of search engines reached around 60 billion yuan , and the market scale of Chinese intelligent voice was estimated at 4.68 billion yuan in 2015 .In addi... | AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage: AI 2.0.This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the b... |
In the European Commission, parallel attention is given to the introduction of competition in the electricity sector and the ambitious targets for sustainability.The process of electricity sector liberalization was formally finalized in 2007, inciting competition in the wholesale and retail electricity markets and the ... | The growing penetration of distributed energy resources is opening up opportunities for local energy management (LEM) – the coordination of decentralized energy supply, storage, transport, conversion and consumption within a given geographical area.Because European electricity market liberalization concentrates competi... |
group.These results suggest that immersion infection may affect biological processes other than the innate immune response, such as initial dorsal determination, cytochromes, and fatty acid-binding, besides inflammation, while microinjection infection mainly affects the innate immune response.We also considered that th... | The innate immune response can be activated by infection via different routes.Zebrafish provide a useful infection model for studying inflammation and the innate immune response.We investigated the genes and signaling pathways activated by static immersion and caudal vein microinjection infection using transcriptome pr... |
how much human resources costs are required to gain QALYs.In specific cases, depending on the availability of data, it is possible to adjust conventional ICERs.Key for our proposed adjustments of conventional ICERS is that constraints are expressed in monetary costs rather than units of health care inputs such as numbe... | Results of cost effectiveness analyses (CEA) studies are most useful for decision makers if they face only one constraint: the health care budget.However, in practice, decision makers wishing to use the results of CEA studies may face multiple resource constraints relating to, for instance, constraints in health care i... |
to be used in a continuous way.The controller is suited very well to be integrated with other battery control goals, while still securing the voltages and currents within the network.It has been shown that a community battery is able to stabilize and control the loads in a real world low voltage network to a large exte... | By installing a battery storage system in the power grid, Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) can solve congestion problems caused by decentralized renewable generation.This paper provides the necessary theory to use such a community battery for grid congestion reduction, backed up by experimental results.A simple ne... |
picket-fence FeTMAPP, in contrary to one-step NO reduction by planar FeTMPyP.The starting potential of the first reduction is about −0.25 V vs. NHE, which is more negative than the FeIII/FeII potential observed under anaerobic conditions.The current reaches a first plateau at Edisk values less than −0.42 V while a seco... | The electrochemical reduction of nitric oxide (NO) catalyzed by metal porphyrins as enzyme mimics provides a promising way to understand its roles in biological denitrification.Here, a stepwise electrocatalytic reduction of NO was demonstrated by a cationic picket-fence porphyrin incorporated in an ultrathin phospholip... |
OFC generation adopts the approaches mentioned in , wideband dual-chirp microwave waveform with more carrier frequencies can be generated simultaneously.Besides, the multi-band signal generator approach can be used as signal source in MIMO radar system .For the single optical source-use and optical filter-free, the pro... | A photonic approach to generate dual-chirp microwave waveform with multi-carrier frequencies and multiplying bandwidth is proposed and demonstrated by using a dual-polarization Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPol-MZM) and balanced detection.In the approach, the DPol-MZM driven by a baseband waveform modulates the injected opt... |
The proteases of carnivorous plants present attractive targets for exploitation in chemical biology and biotechnology contexts.Carnivorous plants, such as Drosera capensis, whose prey capture functions take place in the open have been rigorously selected by evolution for the ability to digest large prey over long time ... | Here we investigate 44 cysteine proteases from the Cape sundew, Drosera capensis, predicted from genomic DNA sequences.D. capensis has a large number of cysteine protease genes; analysis of their sequences reveals homologs of known plant proteases, some of which are predicted to have novel properties.Although active si... |
are consistent between both structures, while red and blue edges reflect respectively interactions that are found only at the spoke extreme or central PSN.If structural differences along each spoke were well-localized, then red and blue regions within each inset would be concentrated within a particular part of the net... | Carnivorous plants represent a so far underexploited reservoir of novel proteases with potentially useful activities.Several of the proteases contain a new type of granulin domain.The structure prediction data, as well as analysis of protein structure networks, suggest multifarious variations on the papain-like cystein... |
interpretation turns out to be incorrect.A garden-path effect is necessarily triggered by the appearance of a word with an unexpected syntactic category.As such, syntactic reanalysis should co-occur with high surprisal and, indeed, surprisal has been shown to account for particular garden path phenomena.Levy proves tha... | Reading times on words in a sentence depend on the amount of information the words convey, which can be estimated by probabilistic language models.Six different ERP deflections were extracted from the EEG signal of participants reading the same sentences.A comparison between the information measures and ERPs revealed a... |
F, σ and T are listed in Table 2.Interestingly, the estimates of these decay times are all in the range of 2–4 days, a well-known time scale of change for weather systems.It was quite reasonable to expect that electrical demand, and hence SO2 and NOx emissions from electrical generation, would be modulated by synoptic ... | This paper introduces a new parameter to characterize the random component in temporal variability of atmospheric pollutants and proposes a simple statistical technique for its evaluation.That parameter is the net decay time (or the time scale) of the local anomalies in concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, rather ... |
the respective selectivity obtained for the samples remain the limiting factors for obtaining informative separations.PIOTR was applied to a standard mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and to an aromatic extract of hydrowax.This showed promise, but it is not yet possible to apply PIOTR to samples that do not y... | Heavy oil refers to the part of crude oil that is not amenable to further distillation.Processing of these materials to useful products provides added value, but requires advanced technology as well as extensive characterization in order to optimize the yield of the most profitable products.The use of comprehensive two... |
an FP of 72 for positive and 69 for negative polarity, and an FM of 75 for positive and 73 for negative polarity.A follow-up evaluation showed that the observed F-measure improvement remains stable when classifying the reviews contained in the evaluation corpora, for example by product type or movie genre.The purpose o... | This paper presents a Web intelligence portal that captures and aggregates news and social media coverage about "Game of Thrones", an American drama television series created for the HBO television network based on George R.R.Martin's series of fantasy novels.The system collects content from the Web sites of Anglo-Amer... |
using BCA assay and 30 μg equivalent protein from each cell lysate was resolved on SDS-PAGE.Subsequently, the resolved proteins were transferred on a nitrocellulose membrane and probed using mouse monoclonal anti-RPA1 antibody and rabbit polyclonal anti-HSPH1 antibody.Immunohistochemistry on commercially procured tissu... | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in India.Despite improvements in treatment strategy, the survival rates of HNSCC patients remain poor.Thus, it is necessary to identify biomarkers that can be used for early detection of disease.In this study, we employed iTRAQ-based quanti... |
the pH value that occurs due to soil buffering reactions.Subsequent carbonation reactions reduce the pH with time resulting in a trend towards lower aqueous As concentrations under aerobic conditions.However, dissolved CO2 may also provide a source of completing ions, thus increasing As concentrations.In anaerobic expe... | The tailings dam breach at the Ajka alumina plant, western Hungary in 2010 introduced ~1millionm3 of red mud suspension into the surrounding area.Red mud (fine fraction bauxite residue) has a characteristically alkaline pH and contains several potentially toxic elements, including arsenic.Aerobic and anaerobic batch ex... |
and thus the plant water use efficiency can be recognized more exactly.In view of plant physiology, the change of plant water use efficiency in drought is caused by stomatal restrictive factors and non-stomatal restrictive factors.Stomatal restriction was realized by the regulation of leaf air bores protecting the cell... | Farm crop growing and high efficiency water resource utilizing are directly influenced by global warming, and a new challenge will be given to food and water resource security.A simulation experiment by farm warming with infrared ray radiator was carried out, and the result showed photosynthesis of broad bean was signi... |
thickness.This work shows, for the first time, that hybrid gels with a single composition and predefined thickness can predict the identity of 11 distinct VOCs with high accuracy when implementing a dedicated automatic classifier based on SVM for data processing.Currently, gelatin applications go far beyond the traditi... | Olfactory systems rely on a first step of molecular recognition in which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) bind to an array of specialized olfactory proteins.This results in electrical signals transduced to the brain where pattern recognition is performed.An efficient approach in artificial olfaction combines gas-sensi... |
proposed in whereby the steady-state surface oxygen concentration, of which the CO/CO2 ratio is an indication, controls NO reduction on the carbon surface.Thus there are a number of routes through which active metals may influence N-chemistry in combustion: catalysing devolatilisation reactions and simultaneous release... | This work investigated the effects of different ash co-products on the combustion of solid fuels, in particular the fuel-nitrogen behaviour: The fuel-ash additive combinations investigated were: Firstly, biomass ashes added to bituminous coals, representative of those used in power stations; Secondly, a low reactivity ... |
NO thereby producing the well-known correlation of decreasing NOx with decreasing FR .However, for high-N fuels, a high fraction of fuel-N enters the volatiles, and for biomass, the volatiles have high O-species.Thus it is possible that for some biomass, NOx will be more dependent upon fuel-N content.Of course, competi... | The extent of impact of additives on volatile yield under devolatilisation conditions was dependent on fuel ratio, high FR has the greatest increase in volatile release when co-feeding the additive.Thus, additives liberate more volatile-nitrogen from the coals and also deliver enhanced carbon conversion. |
for remediating systems exposed to H2S.As SO2 poisoning of fuel cells produces the same contaminant species, this approach would also be useful to remediate fuel cells exposed to SO2.It is found that during O3 exposure, the open-circuit potential of a fuel cell electrode rises to about 1.6 V vs RHE.During ozone exposur... | The effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the anode of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and the gas phase recovery of the contaminated PEMFC using ozone (O3) were studied.Experiments were performed on fuel cell electrodes both in an aqueous electrolyte and within an operating fuel cell.The ex-situ analyse... |
Gene expression data obtained by microarray are provided from clinical samples obtained from patients suffering from acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure and healthy liver samples and from the most widely employed hepatic systems as well as a recently introduced stem cell-based hepatic model) exposed to acetaminop... | This data set is composed of transcriptomics analyses of (i) liver samples from patients suffering from acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF) and (ii) hepatic cell systems exposed to acetaminophen and their respective controls.The in vitro systems include widely employed cell lines i.e.HepaRG and HepG2 cells ... |
with high adversity in childhood, Exp 0.527, p = .018.There was no interaction, p = .333.Adults with a CIC were more likely to report high adversity, X2 = 8.32, p = .004.See Table 1 for descriptive statistics for all variables.Reporting concurrent prodromal symptoms of hallucination/perceptual abnormality was associate... | Hallucination and dissociation have been found to be associated with imaginary friend play in childhood (CIC).Past studies have not investigated how this play relates to adult prodromal symptoms or how childhood adversity mediates the relationship.CIC status predicted prodromal symptoms of hallucination only, whereas c... |
November and December were probably related to stress redistribution and regional changes associated to the nearby Periadriatic Line core zone and again had potential to destabilize the critically unstable DSGSD.This interpretation is supported by the gravitational dip-slip and downward dilational movements in the rela... | The role of tectonic horizontal stresses in activating deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSD) has rarely been studied.We applied a new numerical technique for determining the present-day stress states within a large DSGSD, situated near the Periadriatic Line fault (PAL) in the Eastern Alps.The stress stat... |
This paper presents data supporting the comparative life cycle assessment of different municipal solid waste management scenarios.Tehran the capital of Iran and the largest metropolis in Western Asia with around 10 million inhabitants generating over 2,700,000 tons of MSW annually was selected as the case study.Current... | Environmental assessment of municipal solid waste (MSW) management scenarios would help to select eco-friendly scenarios.In this study, the inventory data in support of life cycle assessment of different MSW are presented.The scenarios were defined as: anaerobic digestion (AD, Sc-0), landfilling combined with compostin... |
not always be present in oxic waters, and it may not be faithfully recorded in some carbonate sediments.Further, impure samples may not be suitable for leaching, as the carbonate-bound seawater REY signal is obscured by even small amounts of clay leaching.Pure samples often have lower detrital contents and hence insuff... | Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) have a distinct distribution pattern in seawater, and this pattern may be faithfully preserved in carbonate sediments and rocks.Anomalous concentrations of redox-sensitive cerium (Ce) compared with neighbouring REY originate in oxic water column conditions, and as such, Ce anomalie... |
from scanners of different field strengths, which have the potential to introduce bias.However, the groups were well matched in terms of the proportion of scans acquired on each scanner, and scanner was included as a covariate in the imaging analyses to avoid an influence upon the results.Another limitation of the stud... | Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by impaired higher visual processing skills; however, motor features more commonly associated with corticobasal syndrome may also occur.We investigated the frequency and clinical characteristics of motor features in 44 PCA patients and, with... |
For economists, political scientists, and policy analysts who wish to put a price on carbon, the question of optimal carbon pricing mechanisms has long been hotly debated.Some economists have argued for a direct carbon tax and others have advocated cap-and-trade, while a third group has argued that the two policies are... | More than $28.3 billion in government "carbon revenues" are currently collected each year in 40 countries and another 16 states or provinces around the world.Of those revenues, 27% ($7.8 billion) are used to subsidize "green" spending in energy efficiency or renewable energy; 26% ($7.4 billion) go toward state general ... |
on revenue use are also the smallest in revenue per capita terms.Of these, Japan and France are set to grow their revenues quickly as carbon tax rates rise.It remains to be seen if these jurisdictions will revisit carbon-revenue uses or else postpone significant rate increases.Finally, we can draw from the global exper... | We investigate the current use of public revenues which are generated through both carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems.Drawing from an empirical dataset, we also identify various trends in systems' use of "carbon revenues" in terms of the total revenues collected annually per capita in each jurisdiction and offer co... |
Deep learning has become a widely used tool in many computational and classification problems.Nevertheless obtaining and labeling data, which is needed for strong results, is often expensive or even not possible.In this paper three different algorithmic approaches to deal with limited access to data are evaluated and c... | Comparison of siamese neural networks, GANs, and VAT for few shot learning. |
This article includes the General Procedure to synthesize micellar clusters based on the Triton-X family surfactants.Application of the General Procedure and the effect of numerous alterations in the solution composition to prepare various MCs are presented in Figs. 1–3 and Table 1.Raw images measured by optical micros... | The data presented here refer to a research article entitled “Self-Assembled Micellar Clusters Based on Triton-X-family Surfactants for Enhanced Solubilization, Encapsulation, Proteins Permeability Control, and Anticancer Drug Delivery” Solomonov et al., 2019.The present article provides the General Procedure for clust... |
by ninhydrin test.Linear peptide was synthesized under standard Fmoc protocol, with 3 equivalents of each amino acid and 3 equivalents of PyBop as a coupling reagent.The deblock mixture was 80:20 DMF/piperidine.Cyclization step.After coupling of Fmoc-Cys-OH and NMP wash, the resin was washed with 4:1 DMF/water.A soluti... | These data provide additional insights useful for understanding all aspects of the micellar clusters formation, optimization, and control. |
future work should explore the mental model people hold for how targets, trash-talkers themselves, teams, neutral observers, and organizations react to trash-talking.Quite possibly, people may fail to appreciate the full range of effects that trash-talking has on others.Future research could also examine predicted reac... | Trash-talking increases the psychological stakes of competition and motivates targets to outperform their opponents.In Studies 1 and 2, participants in a competition who were targets of trash-talking outperformed participants who faced the same economic incentives, but were not targets of trash-talking.Perceptions of r... |
Given the variety of the visual world there is not one true scale for recognition: objects may appear at drastically different sizes across the visual field.Rather than enumerate variations across filter channels or pyramid levels, dynamic models locally predict scale and adapt receptive fields accordingly.The degree o... | Unsupervised optimization during inference gives top-down feedback to iteratively adjust feedforward prediction of scale variation for more equivariant recognition. |
and we can envisage studies that may advance our understanding of the mode of action of this important mood stabilising drug.The combination of 7Li-MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, for instance, could be used to explore the dose-related effects of lithium on the neurometabolites implicated in it... | Background: Lithium treatment is associated with an increase in magnetic resonance imaging derived measures of white matter integrity, but the relationship between the spatial distribution of brain lithium and white matter integrity is unknown.Methods: Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium (n = 12) ... |
Ethiopia’s agriculture system constitutes 46% of gross national production, employs 85% of its population, and creates 75% of export commodity value.Despite its large scale, the agricultural sector is largely formed by smallholder subsistence farms burdened by dependence on erratic rain-fed systems.In all, smallholders... | Despite the routine collection of annual agricultural surveys and significant advances in GIS and remote sensing products, little econometric research has integrated these data sources in estimating developing nations’ agricultural yields.Using a panel data approach, combining national agricultural field surveys with r... |
relationship between edaphic properties and wheat output per hectare.Yield gap estimates presented here are based on multidimensional clustering that compare kebeles with similar climate, weather, and terrain; aggregated to the woreda level.The spatial distribution of woreda level yield gaps, as determined by climate c... | Reflecting on the high interannual variability in output per hectare, we explore whether these changes can be explained by weather, shocks to, and management of rain-fed agricultural systems.area planted, improved seed, fertilizer, and irrigation), weather (e.g.Our findings suggest that woredas produce between 9.8 and ... |
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