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People belong to various social groups because of their ethnicity, religion, or age.Social categories based on age, race, and gender are used by people when they encounter a new person. Because some of these categories refer to physical traits, they are often used automatically when people don't know each other. These ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
They allow people to identify themselves with similar people, and to identify people who are different. They are useful in one's identity formation with the people around them. One can build their own identity by identifying themselves in a group or by rejecting another group.Social categorization is similar to other t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
However, creating social categories implies that people will position themselves in relation to other groups. A hierarchy in group relations can appear as a result of social categorization.Scholars argue that the categorization process starts at a young age when children start to learn about the world and the people ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
Children learn how to know people according to categories based on similarities and differences. Social categories made by adults also impact their understanding of the world. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
They learn about social groups by hearing generalities about these groups from their parents. They can then develop prejudices about people as a result of these generalities.Another aspect of social categorization is mentioned by Stephen Reicher and Nick Hopkins and is related to political domination. They argue that p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
The activity of sorting people according to subjective or objective criteria can be seen as a negative process because of its tendency to lead to violence from a group to another. Indeed, similarities gather people who share common traits but differences between groups can lead to tensions and then the use of violence ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
Social categories can encourage people to associate stereotypes to groups of people. Associating stereotypes to a group, and to people who belong to this group, can lead to forms of discrimination towards people of this group. The perception of a group and the stereotypes associated with it have an impact on social rel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
Some social categories have more weight than others in society. For instance, in history and still today, the category of "race" is one of the first categories used to sort people. However, only a few categories of race are commonly used such as "Black", "White", "Asian" etc. It participates in the reduction of the mul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
Scholars talk about intergroup relations with the concept of social identity theory developed by H. Tajfel. Indeed, in history, many examples of social categorization have led to forms of domination or violence from a dominant group to a dominated group. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
Periods of colonisation are examples of times when people from a group chose to dominate and control other people belonging to other groups because they considered them as inferior. Racism, discrimination and violence are consequences of social categorization and can occur because of it. When people see others as diffe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
There cannot be categorization without the possibility of miscategorization. To do "the right thing with the right kind of thing. ", there has to be both a right and a wrong thing to do. Not only does a category of which "everything" is a member lead logically to the Russell paradox ("is it or is it not a member of its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
"), but without the possibility of error, there is no way to detect or define what distinguishes category members from nonmembers. An example of the absence of nonmembers is the problem of the poverty of the stimulus in language learning by the child: children learning the language do not hear or make errors in the rul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
Yet children's speech obeys the rules of UG, and speakers can immediately detect that something is wrong if a linguist generates (deliberately) an utterance that violates UG. Hence speakers can categorize what is UG-compliant and UG-noncompliant. Linguists have concluded from this that the rules of UG must be somehow e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
So it is possible to learn, by trial and error, with error-correction, to detect and define what distinguishes dogs from non-dogs, and hence to correctly categorize them. This kind of learning, called reinforcement learning in the behavioral literature and supervised learning in the computational literature, is fundame... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization |
Action model learning (sometimes abbreviated action learning) is an area of machine learning concerned with creation and modification of software agent's knowledge about effects and preconditions of the actions that can be executed within its environment. This knowledge is usually represented in logic-based action desc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_model_learning |
When an agent acted for a while, it can use its accumulated knowledge about actions in the domain to make better decisions. Thus, learning action models differs from reinforcement learning. It enables reasoning about actions instead of expensive trials in the world. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_model_learning |
Action model learning is a form of inductive reasoning, where new knowledge is generated based on agent's observations. It differs from standard supervised learning in that correct input/output pairs are never presented, nor imprecise action models explicitly corrected. Usual motivation for action model learning is the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_model_learning |
Given a training set E {\displaystyle E} consisting of examples e = ( s , a , s ′ ) {\displaystyle e=(s,a,s')} , where s , s ′ {\displaystyle s,s'} are observations of a world state from two consecutive time steps t , t ′ {\displaystyle t,t'} and a {\displaystyle a} is an action instance observed in time step t {\displ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_model_learning |
Recent action learning methods take various approaches and employ a wide variety of tools from different areas of artificial intelligence and computational logic. As an example of a method based on propositional logic, we can mention SLAF (Simultaneous Learning and Filtering) algorithm, which uses agent's observations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_model_learning |
In another example, bottom-up inductive logic programming approach was employed. Several different solutions are not directly logic-based. For example, the action model learning using a perceptron algorithm or the multi level greedy search over the space of possible action models. In the older paper from 1992, the acti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_model_learning |
Most action learning research papers are published in journals and conferences focused on artificial intelligence in general (e.g. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), Artificial Intelligence, Applied Artificial Intelligence (AAI) or AAAI conferences). Despite mutual relevance of the topics, action model... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_model_learning |
CDS/ISIS is a software package for generalised Information Storage and Retrieval systems developed, maintained and disseminated by UNESCO. It was first released in 1985 and since then over 20,000 licences have been issued by UNESCO and a worldwide network of distributors. It is particularly suited to bibliographical ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDS_ISIS |
UNESCO makes the software available free for non-commercial purposes, though distributors are allowed to charge for their expenses. CDS/ISIS is an acronym which stands for Computerised Documentation Service / Integrated Set of Information Systems. In 2003 it was stated that "This package is accepted by libraries in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDS_ISIS |
It was based on the internal ISIS (Integrated Set of Information Systems) at the International Labour Organization in Geneva. In 1985 a version was produced for mini- and microcomputers programmed in Pascal. It ran on an IBM PC under MS-DOS. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDS_ISIS |
Winisis, the Windows version, first demonstrated in 1995, may run on a single computer or in a local area network. A JavaISIS client/server component was designed in 2000, allowing remote database management over the Internet from Windows, Linux and Macintosh computers. Furthermore, GenISIS allows the user to produce H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDS_ISIS |
The ISIS_DLL provides an API for developing CDS/ISIS based applications. The OpenIsis library, developed independently from 2002 to 2004, provided another API for developing CDS/ISIS-like applications. The most recent effort towards a completely renewed FOSS, Unicode implementation of CDS/ISIS is the J-Isis project, de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDS_ISIS |
IDIS is a tool for direct data exchange between CDS/ISIS and IDAMS. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDS_ISIS |
An analgesic adjuvant is a medication that is typically used for indications other than pain control but provides control of pain in some painful diseases. For instance, caffeine has minimal analgesic effect on its own, but may have an adjuvant effect when given with paracetamol (acetaminophen). Examples include: Antic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesic_adjuvant |
Classical reception studies is the study of how the classical world, especially Ancient Greek literature and Latin literature, have been received since antiquity. It is the study of the portrayal and representation of the ancient world from ancient to modern times. The nature of reception studies is highly interdiscipl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_reception_studies |
This area of study was first, and historically considered a subset of the classical tradition. Before reception gained interest, the classical tradition was discussed and popularized in the 1920s. While the classical tradition mainly focuses on how and why Classics fit into the modern world, the term reception now enco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_reception_studies |
Reception, on the other hand, stresses the mediated, situated, contingent character of readings, and the concept that there is no final, correct meaning for any text. Charles Martindale, a pioneer in classical reception, stated that "our current interpretations of ancient texts, whether or not we are aware of it, are, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_reception_studies |
Classical texts are not simply handed down, as implied by the Classical Tradition, but are in fact transformed as they are passed along.While scholars generally agree that classical reception differs from the classical tradition, the term classical reception has a variety of definitions. Classical reception scholar Joh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_reception_studies |
Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray assert that Classical reception studies is devoted to examining "the ways in which Greek and Roman material has been transmitted, translated, excerpted, interpreted, rewritten, re-imaged and represented." Martindale notes that Classical reception "encompasses all work concerned with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_reception_studies |
The Alligator's Toothache is a 1962 children's picture book written and illustrated by Marguerite Dorian. It tells the tale of an alligator called Alli and his experiences with a painful tooth and a dentist's surgery. It was published by Lothrop, Lee & Shepard. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alligator's_Toothache |
The book tells the story of an alligator named Alli, who lives at the zoo. One morning Alli wakes up with a terrible toothache, and feels miserable. His fellow zoo-animal friends offer well-meaning but non-productive suggestions regarding the toothache, and the zookeeper has nothing in his veterinary supplies to help A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alligator's_Toothache |
But having never traveled alone before, Alli unknowingly boards the wrong bus, and thus is on his way to an entirely wrong part of the city. His initial mistake turns out to be a stroke of incredibly good luck, however --- while riding the bus through its assigned route, Alli meets a friendly little boy on the bus who ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alligator's_Toothache |
Kathleen Martin praised both the dialogues and drawings, saying the book "shows the exceptional talents of Marguerite Dorian." Martin, who reviewed the book at its time of release, highlighted the "natural conversations" between the main characters, as well as the author's choice of "greens and reds". Kirkus Reviews st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alligator's_Toothache |
Société des observateurs de l'homme, rendered in English as Society of Observers of Man, was a French learned society founded in Paris in 1799. Long considered the birthplace of French anthropology, the society nevertheless dissolved in 1804. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Société_des_observateurs_de_l'homme |
The Société des observateurs de l'homme was founded on Christian principles by Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard, Louis-François Jauffret and Joseph de Maimieux. The brevity of its existence and relative dearth of records provide scant history, but they did leave traces of their involvement with feral child Victor of Aveyr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Société_des_observateurs_de_l'homme |
Pierre Bonnefous - Mathieu-Antoine Bouchaud - Louis Antoine de Bougainville - Antoine-Marie-Henri Boulard - Simon-Jérôme Bourlet de Vauxcelles - Pierre-Roland-François Butet de La Sarthe - Guillaume de Sainte-Croix - Adamance Coray - Frédéric Cuvier - Jean-Baptiste-Gaspard d'Ansse de Villoison - Joseph-Marie de Gérando... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Société_des_observateurs_de_l'homme |
Nicolas Baudin - Pierre-Justin Bernier - Frédéric de Bissy - Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus - Hyacinthe de Bougainville - Jean Cailleau - Pierre Faure - Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert - Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin - Urbain-René-Thomas Le Bouvier-Desmortiers - François Levaillant - René Maugé de Cely - André Michaux - François Péro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Société_des_observateurs_de_l'homme |
A play date or playdate is an arranged appointment for children to meet and play. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play_date |
Tesa SA is a Swiss company in precision measurement products. It was set up in 1941 and is currently headquartered in Renens, Switzerland. It is a division of Hexagon AB, a Swedish multinational corporation.In 1967 it became part of the USA Brown & Sharpe group, with which it had already worked together for roughly 10 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesa_SA |
In 2001, the Brown & Sharpe group is bought by the Swedish Hexagon AB group. However, the manufacturing group of Brown & Sharpe was not bought. All precision measurement products of Brown & Sharpe were already manufactured under the Tesa brand, and production (by Tesa) could be done elsewhere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesa_SA |
In 1950 they introduced the IMICRO, a 3-contact bore gauge with an innovative design, which they digitalised in 1998.The IMICRO has a cone with a spiral to drive the 3 measurement pins outwards by rotation. This gives a higher precision than a conventional cone. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesa_SA |
Iatrochemistry (from Ancient Greek ἰατρός (iatrós) 'physician, medicine'; also known as chemiatria or chemical medicine) is a branch of both chemistry and medicine. Having its roots in alchemy, iatrochemistry seeks to provide chemical solutions to diseases and medical ailments.This area of science has fallen out of use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Its most notable leader was Paracelsus, an important Swiss alchemist of the 16th century. Iatrochemists believed that physical health was dependent on a specific balance of bodily fluids. Iatrochemical therapies and concepts are still in wide use in South Asia, East Asia and amongst their diasporic communities worldwid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
The preparation of medicines had become a part of alchemy by the early modern period. Around 1350, John of Rupescissa advocated the extraction of the "essence" of both plants and minerals. He often used two relatively new substances during this period: an alcohol distilled from wine and strong mineral acids. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Later, "Pseudo-Llull" (i.e. the body of work attributed to, but not necessarily written by, Ramon Llull) picked up and helped in expanding John of Rupescissa's theory. The most effective and vocal proponent of iatrochemistry was Theophrastus von Hohenheim, also known as Paracelsus (1493–1541). He put his effort into th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Paracelsus believed that diseases were caused by poisons, but that poisons were not entirely negative. He suggested that poisons, or diseases, could also be cured by poisons; thus, poisons could have beneficial medical effects. Paracelsus's claim led to many chemically prepared medicines in this period which contained ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
However, his views were not accepted by many scholars until his writings were organized into systematic form by his followers. Gradually, many physicians accepted Paracelsian remedies, although some disagreed with Paracelsus's philosophy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Philipp Ulstad, who wrote some of the first books on chemical medicine, paved the way for a closer link between alchemy and medicine. His lucid, concise prose made Coelum philosophorum (1527) one of the most reissued chemical-medicine books of the 16th and 17th centuries. This documentation of knowledge was a trend tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Van Helmont used chemical methods to study bodily products such as urine and blood. He studied the human body and its functions, and applied his knowledge of "chymistry" as a way of understanding and curing the body. Although he began as a follower of Paracelsus, van Helmont rejected many of his theories, most notably ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
In addition, van Helmont refused to accept the Paracelsian first principles (sulphur, salt, and mercury) as pre-existent in matter, believing instead that sulphur, salt and mercury were products of reactions that involved heat.Much of van Helmont's medical philosophy was concerned with the activity of vital spirit in n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Van Helmont's work included defining operations of the body in chemical terms. He described the body's functions as the chemical reactions of effervescence, fermentation, and putrefaction as the basis of all physiology. Using the texts of Paracelsus and Quercetanus as a guide, he determined that acid was the digestive ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
He also offered new methods derived from Paracelsus for preparing chemical medicines, advancing in particular recipes involving mercury.Van Helmont had a bias towards the unity of things. In examining body fluids, he postulated the notion of "latex," attempting to relate latex to secretions and thirst. This implied a c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
His collected works were edited and published by his son under the title Ortus medicinae (1648). In it, Helmont shows that the Galenists are in confusion, supposing urine and sweat both to be separated blood serum, and serum itself to be the humour yellow bile, a fluid quite evidently different from it.Van Helmont's wr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
In Italy the diffusion of Helmontian ideas was concentrated mainly in Venice, where two influential Helmontians lived: the German physician Otto Tachenius and the Maceratese Ludovico Conti. There is also evidence that Helmontian iatrochemistry was widely diffused in Naples, as attested in the works of two prominent phy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Guy Patin, a strenuous opponent of chemistry and champion of Greek medicine, sharply attacked van Helmont, while J. Didier published a Refutation de la doctrine nouvelle du Sieur Helmont touchant es fievres at Sedan in 1653, and, four years later, Helmontian iatrochemistry was censured in a book published by the Paris ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
His fascination with chemistry led him to model the human body in terms of its chemistry in the flows and interactions of the different phases including solids, liquids and gases. In his work, he narrowed down the causes of diseases to a substance called "acid humour," which would affect flow of blood causing unbalance... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
A certain accumulation of a fluid in these joints of the body would lead to disastrous stagnancy which would be characterized eventually by gangrenous or unhealthy tissue where this occurred. This medical state was coined as "imposthumation." Boerhaave is, perhaps, most well known in the realm of iatrochemistry for his... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Historians believe that Boerhaave's understanding of the human body and mechanisms in relation to the nervous and physical anatomy came from his personal interactions with soldiers in wars between the Dutch and Spanish. Through his understanding of the human body and chemistry he was able to develop a medicine for phys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
In continuation of humoral medicine, Sylvius did deem that diseases resulted from excesses of the humors in the body, but he saw it as a more chemically driven excess, specifically one of too much acid or alkali solution in the body. Sylvius had his own laboratory in which he ran experiments on acids and alkali solutio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
His understanding was that digestion helped food undergo a fermentation reaction. He rationalized that the body functioned mainly as a result of chemical reactions, of which acids and alkali were the essential reactants and were products which needed to be kept in balance to be in a healthy state. Although Sylvius did ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
It is known that many of Sylvius' inquiries did help in the future discoveries of certain enzymes driving food digestion and bodily reactions.The understanding of iatrochemists helped to drive new knowledge of how drugs work and treat medical conditions. Specifically, one English iatrochemist, Thomas Willis (1621–1675)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
In his treatise De fermentalione (1659), Willis rejected the four Aristotelian elements of earth, air, fire and water, stating that they provided no special insight into "the more secret recesses of nature." Willis settled on a view on the organization of natural things based strictly on chemistry. Such a view, he wrot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Willis derived many of his conclusions from observations on distillation. It was eventually realized that these explanations were not accurate.Natural philosopher Robert Boyle contributed greatly to the understanding of respiration by showing that air (or oxygen), which is required for fire in combustion reactions, is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Iatrochemistry was a new practice in the 17th century, a time when traditional medicines were based on a legacy from the 4th and 5th centuries B.C. Much of this tradition was derived from Galen and Avicenna. The iatrochemists rejected the traditional medical theory, mostly from Galenic traditionalists. Galen traditiona... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
There are two pairs of qualities, hot and cold, and wet and dry. Sickness came from the imbalance of one quality. That is, a cold was an excess of heat (hot quality), so it can be cured by reducing hot quality or by increasing cold quality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
The iatrochemists, influenced by Paracelsus's belief, believed that the sickness was from the outside source, not because of the imbalance of the body. Another controversy between Galenic traditionalists and iatrochemists was the way to use herbs. The Galenic traditionalists thought that the strength of remedies relied... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
The iatrochemists, however, supported the chemical preparation of materials of remedies to increase the effectiveness of the materials or to find the stronger medicine. Additionally, Galenic traditionalists argued that chemically prepared medicines were poisonous, and the iatrochemists were inadequately trained. The fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Iatrochemical principles form a major part of the Indian alchemical tradition (Sanskrit rasaśāstra, रसशास्त्र). Alchemical texts start to be composed in Sanskrit in South Asia from the end of the first millennium CE, and a flourishing literature developed and continued even into the twentieth century. These works conta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
Ayurvedic medicine instills the belief that every material had the potential to be used as a substance. This drove the creation of new products and new uses for common substances in nature. The people of Ayurvedic medicine categorize the materials in nature into three categories: 'Janagama,' substances from animals suc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
There was especially an emphasis on the element, Mercury, in this culture. The name of these specific practices in Ayurvedic medicine, were termed 'Rasashaastra', which means the "Science of Mercury." which has eventually become known as Iatrochemistry in current terminology. Much of the focus of 'Rasashaastra' was on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrochemistry |
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Indonesian: Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, abbreviated Kemendikbudristek) is a government ministry of the Indonesian government responsible for education, cultural, research, and technology affairs. Its formation resulted from the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
On 30 March 2021, President Joko Widodo submitted a Presidential Letter to People's Representative Council, which contained a proposal for major changes in the national cabinet, one of which was the merger of the Ministry of Research and Technology and the Ministry of Education and Culture into one ministry named Minis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
It was the first of its kind, because not only were the ministers reshuffled, but cabinet institutions were also disbanded mid-term. In this reshuffle, Nadiem Makarim was appointed as the first Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, according to the Presidential Decision No. 72/P/2021. On the same da... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
General secretary of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Hasto Kristiyanto praised the move. With the merger, he hoped that the now independent BRIN would play an important role in accelerating the growth of research in Indonesia. The Deputy Chief of Commission X in the People's Representative Council, Hetifah ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
Deputy chief of the Prosperous Justice Party fraction in the People's Representative Council Mulyanto from the opposition criticized the decision taken by government and said that the change is not effective. He claimed that government not learned from the previous experience when combining Ministry of Research and Tec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
Not only that, the presence of the non-ministerial National Research and Innovation Agency to coordinate and facilitate state research and development, would result in an overlap with some of the tasks of the ministry.The governing coalition also voiced criticisms. While the Chief of Commission X in the People's Repres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
In 2022, the ministry-initiated curriculum policy options as part of efforts to mitigate learning loss and as a form of learning recovery. The ministry provides three options for educational units to implement a curriculum based on the National Education Standards that is in accordance with the learning needs and conte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
The curriculum designed to be more flexible, focused on essential material, and develop student's characters and competence. The main characteristics of this curriculum that support learning recovery are: Project-based learning for soft skills and character development according to the profile of Pancasila students Foc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
The minister of education, culture, research, and technology, appointed by the president at his own discretion, is by Presidential Decree No. 62 of 2021. The head of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, under and responsible to the president. The decree also created the Office of Deputy Ministe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
However, the structure was deemed too large and ineffective. On 23 August 2021, the structure of the Ministry was expanded by Ministerial Decree No. 28/2021 into: A smaller version of the Ministry of Research and Technology, the General Directorate of Higher Education, Research, and Technology, was created within the m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
Minister Nadiem Makarim asserted that BRIN is a partner of the ministry in performing researches, and not a subordinate of the ministry. While the presidential decree did not clearly separate the scope of the limitation of the ministry and coordination with BRIN, the Ministerial Decree No. 28/2021 distinguished BRIN as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
The ministerial decree also confirmed the relinquishment of its National Archaeology Research Institute to BRIN.As overseer of science, research, and technology in Indonesia, the Ministry has roles to oversee and preparing regulations and technical policies of science, research, and technology. Despite overseer rule, M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
Unlike other ministries in Indonesia, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology possessed a shadow organization outside the structure which quite large in size which play significant role in ministry policies and outputs. The shadow organization presence was disclosed in September 2022. The organization ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
The presence of the organization surprised many Indonesians, as for the first time in Indonesian politics a shadow organization used by a ministry. For the disclosure, Nadiem confirmed the existence of the shadow organization and the shadow organization actually a legal tenderized collaboration between the ministry wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research,_and_Technology |
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic () is an organizational psychologist who works mostly in the areas of personality profiling, people analytics, talent identification, the interface between human and artificial intelligence, and leadership development. He is currently a professor of business psychology at University College Lond... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Chamorro-Premuzic |
Chamorro-Premuzic is one of the founders of Meta, a company that creates data-driven tools to help corporations identify employees and leaders with entrepreneurial talent. He also serves as a consultant for both the private and public sectors, with clients that have included JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs, HSBC, Prudential, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Chamorro-Premuzic |
He is the author of the column Mr. Personality, which appears regularly on Psychology Today, and contributes regularly to the Guardian, Fast Company, Management Today, Forbes, and Harvard Business Review. In February 2015, Chamorro-Premuzic assumed the role of CEO at Hogan Assessments after spending two years as the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Chamorro-Premuzic |
Chamorro-Premuzic was awarded with the Early Career Development Award from The International Society for the Study of Individual Differences in 2009. He also received the Daniel E. Berlyne Award for Outstanding Research by a Junior Scholar at the 2010 American Psychological Association Awards. He was selected by Workfo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Chamorro-Premuzic |
In 2015 he was awarded the Raymond Katzell award for bringing Industrial-Psychology science to the wider public. In 2017 he was elected Fellow to the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP). He has made multiple media appearances on BBC, CNN, and Sky News, and has appeared on Live from Studio Five an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Chamorro-Premuzic |
In economics and accounting, the cost of capital is the cost of a company's funds (both debt and equity), or from an investor's point of view is "the required rate of return on a portfolio company's existing securities". It is used to evaluate new projects of a company. It is the minimum return that investors expect fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_capital |
For an investment to be worthwhile, the expected return on capital has to be higher than the cost of capital. Given a number of competing investment opportunities, investors are expected to put their capital to work in order to maximize the return. In other words, the cost of capital is the rate of return that capital ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_capital |
However, for projects outside the core business of the company, the current cost of capital may not be the appropriate yardstick to use, as the risks of the businesses are not the same.A company's securities typically include both debt and equity; one must therefore calculate both the cost of debt and the cost of equit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_capital |
This means, for instance, that the past cost of debt is not a good indicator of the actual forward looking cost of debt. Once cost of debt and cost of equity have been determined, their blend, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), can be calculated. This WACC can then be used as a discount rate for a project's p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_capital |
Suppose a company considers taking on a project or investment of some kind, for example installing a new piece of machinery in one of their factories. Installing this new machinery will cost money; paying the technicians to install the machinery, transporting the machinery, buying the parts and so on. This new machiner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_capital |
The new debt-holders and shareholders who have decided to invest in the company to fund this new machinery will expect a return on their investment: debt-holders require interest payments and shareholders require dividends (or capital gain from selling the shares after their value increases). The idea is that some of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_capital |
This means that the company would issue the bond to some willing investor, who would give the $200,000 to the company which it could then use, for a specified period of time (the term of the bond) to finance its project. The company would also make regular payments to the investor of 5% of the original amount they inve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_capital |
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