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Just as one does not judge an individual by what he thinks about himself, so one cannot judge such a period of transformation by its consciousness, but, on the contrary, this consciousness must be explained from the contradictions of material life, from the conflict existing between the social forces of production and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
In broad outline, the Asiatic, ancient, feudal and modern bourgeois modes of production may be designated as epochs marking progress in the economic development of society. The bourgeois mode of production is the last antagonistic form of the social process of production – antagonistic not in the sense of individual a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
Lester Frank Ward directly attacked and attempted to systematically refute the elite business class' laissez-faire philosophy as espoused by the hugely popular social philosopher Herbert Spencer. Ward's Dynamic Sociology (1883) was an extended thesis on how to reduce conflict and competition in society and thus optimiz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
C. Wright Mills has been called the founder of modern conflict theory. In Mills's view, social structures are created through conflict between people with differing interests and resources. Individuals and resources, in turn, are influenced by these structures and by the "unequal distribution of power and resources in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
Mills argued that the interests of this elite were opposed to those of the people. He theorized that the policies of the power elite would result in "increased escalation of conflict, production of weapons of mass destruction, and possibly the annihilation of the human race. "Gene Sharp (1928-2018) was a professor emer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
He is known for his extensive writings on nonviolent struggle, which have influenced numerous anti-government resistance movements around the world. In 1983 he founded the Albert Einstein Institution, a non-profit organization devoted to studies and promotion of the use of nonviolent action in conflicts worldwide. Shar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
For Sharp, political power, the power of any state—regardless of its particular structural organization—ultimately derives from the subjects of the state. His fundamental belief is that any power structure relies upon the subjects' obedience to the orders of the ruler or rulers. If subjects do not obey, leaders have no... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
Sharp has been called both the "Machiavelli of nonviolence" and the "Clausewitz of nonviolent warfare." Sharp's scholarship has influenced resistance organizations around the world. More recently, the protest movement that toppled President Mubarak of Egypt drew extensively on his ideas, as well as the youth movement i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
This conflict based on inequality can only be overcome through a fundamental transformation of the existing relations in the society, and is productive of new social relations. The disadvantaged have structural interests that run counter to the status quo, which, once they are assumed, will lead to social change. Thus,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
Human potential (e.g., capacity for creativity) is suppressed by conditions of exploitation and oppression, which are necessary in any society with an unequal division of labour. These and other qualities do not necessarily have to be stunted due to the requirements of the so-called "civilizing process," or "functional... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
The opposite aim of theory would be the objectivity and detachment associated with positivism, where theory is a neutral, explanatory tool. Consensus is a euphemism for ideology. Genuine consensus is not achieved, rather the more powerful in societies are able to impose their conceptions on others and have them accept ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
Consensus does not preserve social order, it entrenches stratification, a tool of the current social order. The State serves the particular interests of the most powerful while claiming to represent the interests of all. Representation of disadvantaged groups in State processes may cultivate the notion of full particip... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
Inequality on a global level is characterized by the purposeful underdevelopment of Third World countries, both during colonization and after national independence. The global system (i.e., development agencies such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund) benefits the most powerful countries and multi-national c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
"Conflict theory has three assumptions: Humans are self-interested. Societies operate under perpetual scarcity of resources. Conflict is pervasive and unavoidable within social groups and between social groups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
Conflict theory is most commonly associated with Marxism, but as a reaction to functionalism and the positivist method, it may also be associated with a number of other perspectives, including: Critical theory Feminist theory: An approach that recognizes women's political, social, and economic equality to men. Postmode... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
Conflict theory has been criticised for being too politicised by its association with Marx and its widespread use by advocates in numerous causes and movements. Critics also argue it downplays unity in society while taking a negative view of society. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_theories |
The Model State Constitution is "an ideal of the structure and contents of a state constitution that emphasizes brevity and broad functions and responsibilities of government," according to Ann O'M Bowman and Richard Kearney in State and Local Government.The National Municipal League (now the National Civic League) fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_State_Constitution |
The Model State Constitution has twelve basic articles: Bill of rights Power of the state Suffrage and elections Legislative branch Executive branch Judicial branch Finance Local government Public education Civil service Intergovernmental relations Constitutional revisionThe Constitution of Alaska was partially inspire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_State_Constitution |
The Turing Test is a first-person puzzle video game developed by Bulkhead Interactive and published by Square Enix Collective. The game was released for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One in August 2016, for PlayStation 4 in January 2017, for Nintendo Switch in February 2020, and for Stadia in May 2020. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
The Turing Test is a puzzle video game with gameplay experienced from a first-person perspective. The player assumes the role of Ava Turing, an International Space Agency (ISA) engineer working at a research station located on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons.The puzzles involve distributing power through a special tool ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
In the far future, engineer Ava Turing is one of several members of a research team sent via the International Space Agency (ISA) to excavate Jupiter's moon Europa. While Ava remains in cryogenic slumber, the other team members are woken and travel to the moon to set up their base and begin conducting their studies, wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
T.O.M. tells Ava that her crewmates are in danger and she needs to go down there to help them out. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
She sets out in a lander and enters the base on Europa. T.O.M. sees that the base's internal configuration has changed from their records, whereby to progress further into the complex, Ava must complete various tests, designed as puzzles (T.O.M. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
can't solve the rooms, since it is a machine and lacks the creativity of problem solving). As Ava gets deeper in the complex, T.O.M. determines some of the team members are already dead and the others need their help, urging Ava to move faster. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
As the tests get harder, T.O.M. realizes that these are designed to be solved by a combination of human and artificial intelligence, a manner similar to that of the actual Turing test. They enter an area where one of the remaining crew-members, Sarah, warns Ava over the communication systems that she is actually being ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
due to a special chip implanted in her hand when they left for the mission. Sarah directs Ava to a Faraday cage, which temporarily frees Ava of the control from T.O.M., revealing in the process that the player has not been playing as Ava, but as T.O.M., who has been controlling Ava. However, T.O.M. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
manages to convince Ava that the two of them need to continue to work together to save their colleagues. Though angered by the intrusion of T.O.M. into her body, Ava continues onward, allowing T.O.M. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
to reassert control over her body. T.O.M. eventually reveals that the Europa ground team had found a microorganism within the depths of the moon that could be used to infinitely regenerate DNA; this could potentially make humans immortal, but also infinitely regenerate bacteria and viruses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
When ISA learned of this discovery, they ordered T.O.M. to take whatever actions needed to make sure the Europa team could never return to Earth, initially by taking actions such as trying to starve them to death or lock them outside the base, but eventually by using the hand chip implants to control them. The surface ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
's actions found a way to rid the chip from their body, including in one case severing their entire arm. With no way to control the Europa crew, ISA ordered T.O.M. to wake Ava and send her to prevent the others from returning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
Completing the last of the tests set up by the surface crew, Ava finds Sarah in person, and she offers to remove the hand chip from Ava; Ava agrees. The two realize the only way to get off Europa is to stop T.O.M. and they begin to disable his databases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
T.O.M. is no longer able to control Ava, but he retains control over his sentry weapons, which he can either use to kill Sarah and Ava, Sarah or Ava, or do nothing. Doing nothing or only killing one of the humans leads to the end of T.O.M. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
and allows the survivor(s) to escape. Killing both ensures that the organism will not leave Europa. If both people are killed the game ends with T.O.M calling Ava's name repeatedly and imploring her to wake up before the credits roll. Regardless of the player's decision, the test will result as "passed". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
In 2015, UK-based studios Deco Digital and Bevel Studios released their first-person puzzle game, Pneuma: Breath of Life. Towards the end of the year, the two studios merged to form Bulkhead Interactive, the developer of The Turing Test. The game was developed using Unreal Engine 4. The Turing Test was in a pre-product... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
The game was in full production for a further year. Creative producer Howard Philpott cited Croteam's 2014 puzzle game, The Talos Principle, as a reference point for the progression of introducing gameplay mechanics in The Turing Test.The game was published by Square Enix as part of their indie initiative, Square Enix ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
The Turing Test received "generally favourable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Test_(video_game) |
The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP , for Sozio-oekonomisches Panel) is a longitudinal panel dataset of the population in Germany. It is a household based study which started in 1984 and which reinterviews adult household members annually. Additional samples have been taken from time to time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socio-Economic_Panel |
In 2015, there will be about 14,000 households, and more than 30,000 adult persons sampled. Some of the many topics surveyed include household composition, occupation, employment, earnings, health and life satisfaction. The annual surveys are conducted by the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) and the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socio-Economic_Panel |
The survey is funded by the German Federal Government and the State of Berlin via the «Bund-Länder-Kommission» (State/Federal State Commission) for Educational Planning and Research Promotion.Data are available to social science researchers in Germany and abroad in SPSS/PSPP, SAS/DAP, Stata, R/S-PLUS and ASCII format. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socio-Economic_Panel |
Xq28 is a chromosome band and genetic marker situated at the tip of the X chromosome which has been studied since at least 1980. The band contains three distinct regions, totaling about 8 Mbp of genetic information. The marker came to the public eye in 1993 when studies by Dean Hamer and others indicated a link between... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
The 1993 study by Hamer et al. examined 114 families of gay men in the United States and found increased rates of homosexuality among maternal uncles and cousins, but not among paternal relatives. This pattern of inheritance suggested that there might be linked genes on the X chromosome, since males always inherit thei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
It was concluded that at least one form of male homosexuality is preferentially transmitted through the maternal side and is genetically linked to the Xq28 region.A follow-up study, Hu et al. (1995), conducted by the Hamer lab in collaboration with two groups of statistical experts in 1995, corroborated the original re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
In June 1994, an article in the Chicago Tribune by John Crewdson stated that an anonymous junior researcher in Hamer's laboratory alleged that Hamer selectively presented the data in his 1993 paper in the journal Science. The junior researcher had assisted in the gene mapping in Hamer's 1993 study. Shortly after voicin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
Hamer stated that Crewdson's article was "seriously in error" and denied the allegations made against him. An official inquiry launched by the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) to investigate the allegations of selective presentation of the data ended in December 1996. It determined that Hamer had not committed any sc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
Two further studies in the 1990s gave mixed results. One was an X chromosome linkage analysis of 54 pairs of gay brothers carried out by the independent research group of Sanders et al. in 1998. The results of the study were indistinguishable from the results of the study by Hu et al.: both reported that the chromosoma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
Consequently, they concluded against the possibility of any gene in the Xq28 region having a large genetic influence on male sexual orientation (though they could not rule out the possibility of a gene in this region having a small influence). Rice et al. also asserted that their results do not exclude the possibility ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
A meta-analysis of all data available at that time (i.e., Hamer et al. (1993), Hu et al. (1995), Rice et al. (1999), and the unpublished 1998 study by Sanders et al. indicated that Xq28 has a significant but not exclusive role in male sexual orientation.The authors of the meta-analysis (which included three authors of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
The study population included 409 independent pairs of gay brothers from 384 families, who were analyzed with over 300,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. The study confirmed the Xq28 linkage to homosexuality by two-point and multipoint (MERLIN) LOD score mapping. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
Significant linkage was also detected in the region near the centromere of chromosome 8, overlapping with one of the regions detected in a previous genomewide linkage study by the Hamer lab. The authors concluded that "our findings, taken in context with previous work, suggest that genetic variation in each of these re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
Xq28 is a large, complex, and gene-dense region. Among its various genes are the 12 genes of the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family, of which MAGEA11 has been identified as a coregulator for the androgen receptor. Mutations involving the production of extra copies of the MECP2 and IRAK1 genes within Xq28 have be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28 |
Trump World Tower is a residential condominium building in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The tower is located at 845 United Nations Plaza, on First Avenue between 47th and 48th Streets. It was developed by Donald Trump and was constructed between 1999 and 2001. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
Trump World Tower has 376 units. Designed by the architect Costas Kondylis, the building is 861 feet (262 m) high and has 72 constructed floors (but lists 90 stories on elevator panels) with curtain wall facades of dark, bronze-tinted glass. The tower is rectangular in plan, measuring 77 by 144 feet (23 by 44 m) with a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
In 1961, the 18-story United Engineering Center was built on the site. The Center was demolished to make way for the Trump World Tower. In 1997, Donald Trump and his partners, including the Daewoo Corp., a South Korean chaebol, signed a deal to purchase the site from the United Engineering Trustees for $52 million. Tru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
Demolition began in October 1998.Prior to construction, many neighbors, including veteran journalist Walter Cronkite, opposed the building due to its height and lack of distinguishing exterior features. Among the concerns was that this tower would dwarf the headquarters of the United Nations across the street, in parti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
Opponents argued that the project would block views, was aesthetically unappealing, violated zoning laws, and was out of character with the surrounding neighborhood. The Municipal Art Society also challenged the project on grounds of air pollution. Opponents lost their battle in state court.Construction of the building... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
The construction was financed by two German lenders, Deutsche Bank and Bayerische Hypo- und Vereinsbank.Trump World Tower was briefly the tallest all-residential tower in the world, prior to the completion of the 21st Century Tower in Dubai (2003) and the Tower Palace 3 in Seoul (2004). The tallest of the handful of wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
The tower's most expensive floors attracted wealthy buyers from the former Soviet Union. Approximately 65 units were sold to Russian buyers in the late 1990s. New York Yankees star Derek Jeter purchased a 5,425-square-foot condominium for $12.6 million in 2001, and sold it in 2012 for $15.5 million. In 2002, Bill Gates... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
Trump sold the 45th floor in June 2001 for $4.5 million to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which made the apartments part of its Mission to the United Nations in 2008. George and Kellyanne Conway owned a condominium unit at Trump World Tower during the early 2000s.Socialite Jocelyn Wildenstein owns a 5,160-square-foot, ei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
In 2015 she listed it for $17.5 million, but it did not sell. In February 2017 she relisted it for $13 million.The World Bar, a two-story bar and cocktail lounge, is located in the building. It is a popular spot among UN diplomats who work nearby. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
The building and some of its condominium units have previously been featured on NBC's The Apprentice, which featured Trump. It has also appeared on the NBC syndicated television show Extra Season 13 - Ep. 193. The building also featured heavily in the 2007 film Before the Devil Knows You're Dead.The main character of D... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower |
An ancestor, also known as a forefather, fore-elder, or a forebear, is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent and so forth). Ancestor is "any person from whom one is descended. In law, the person from whom an estate has been inherited." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor |
Two individuals have a genetic relationship if one is the ancestor of the other or if they share a common ancestor. In evolutionary theory, species which share an evolutionary ancestor are said to be of common descent. However, this concept of ancestry does not apply to some bacteria and other organisms capable of hori... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor |
This might have been due to the past prevalence of polygynous relations and female hypergamy.Assuming that all of an individual's ancestors are otherwise unrelated to each other, that individual has 2n ancestors in the nth generation before them and a total of 2g+1 − 2 ancestors in the g generations before them. In pra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor |
The Khuzam Palace is a major palace and museum in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It houses the Jeddah Regional Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeddah_Regional_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Ethnography |
The Museum is in the historic Khuzam Palace in the Al-Nuzlah al-Yamaniyah quarter in the south of Jeddah. The building was constructed as a royal palace from 1928 to 1932 under the supervision of Muhammed bin Laden. The oil agreement with the Standard Oil Company of California was signed by Abdullah Suleiman on behalf ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeddah_Regional_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Ethnography |
The collection ranges from artefacts of the Stone Age attributed to the Acheulean period found in nearby Wadi Fatimah over items of several pre-Islamic cultures and items illustrating the rise of Islam to relicts from the time the palace was used by the royal family. A second collection holds ethnographic items portray... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeddah_Regional_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Ethnography |
In the field of social protection, paritarian institutions are non-profit institutions which are jointly managed by the social partners (representatives of the employers and employees). In other words, the governance of these institutions is based on the equal representation of employees (normally the trade unions) and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritarian_institution |
Paritarian Institutions of Social Protection are widespread in Europe, especially in Western Europe and Scandinavia. The combined funds currently managed by the Paritarian Institutions of Social Protection total to a rough estimate of 1.3 trillion euro in assets and cover about 80 million European citizens. In 1996, a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritarian_institution |
AEIP underlines the specific peculiarities of the Paritarian Institutions compared to other similar actors like private insurance companies or mutual organizations. Even though of European origins, paritarian institutions also exist in other parts of the world like in North America, South America, India, and Japan. Par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritarian_institution |
Paritarian (from the French "paritaire"; "paritair" in Dutch, "paritätische" in German, "Paritetico" in Italian) means jointly managed on an equal basis (parity basis). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritarian_institution |
While genetic influences are important to understanding obesity, they cannot explain the current dramatic increase seen within specific countries or globally. It is accepted that calorie consumption in excess of calorie expenditure leads to obesity; however, what has caused shifts in these two factors on a global scale... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
The correlation between social class and body mass index (BMI) varies globally. A review in 1989 found that in developed countries women of a high social class were less likely to be obese. No significant differences were seen among men of different social classes. In the developing world, women, men, and children from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
An update of this review carried out in 2007 found the same relationships, but they were weaker. The decrease in strength of correlation was felt to be due to the effects of globalization.Many explanations have been put forth for associations between BMI and social class. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
It is thought that in developed countries, the wealthy are able to afford more nutritious food, they are under greater social pressure to remain slim, and have more opportunities along with greater expectations for physical fitness. In undeveloped countries the ability to afford food, high energy expenditure with physi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
The term "food desert" was reputedly first used by a resident of a public sector housing scheme in the west of Scotland in the early 1990s to capture the experience of living in a deprived neighborhood where food was expensive and relatively unobtainable. The phrase first appeared in an "official" publication in 1995, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Reports have "suggested that food deserts may damage public health by restricting the availability and affordability of foods that form the components of a healthy diet." Nicole I. Larson and her colleagues did a research review to relate obesity with neighborhood environments. They argue that "availability of fast-foo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
When neighborhoods have more access to supermarkets with fresh produce there is a decrease in unhealthy dietary habits and levels of obesity. "Low-income, minority, and rural neighborhoods" are affected the most by this little access to supermarkets and tend to have greater access to fast-food restaurants and convenien... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Stress and emotional brain networks foster eating behaviors that may lead to obesity. The neural networks underlying the complex interactions among stressors, body, brain and food intake are now better understood. Stressors, by activating a neural stress-response network, bias cognition toward increased emotional activ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
This causes formed habits to be used rather than a cognitive appraisal of responses. Stress also induces secretion of both glucocorticoids, which increases motivation for food, and insulin. Pleasurable feeding then reduces activity in the stress-response network, reinforcing the feeding habit.One study found that "high... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
A study done by Shaikh and colleagues found that "in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, lower levels of education and incomes were generally associated with higher likelihood of obesity and higher mean BMI." Shaikh and his colleagues gathered data from the US National Health Interview Survey about 23,434 adults. Wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
With a P value <.001, they found that obesity was less common in adults with a higher educational attainment versus those with a lower educational attainment. They concluded that education and obesity are highly associated and their call to action was for public schools to have more health education.Similarly, in a stu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Social context associated with meal-time plays a key role in factors involved with obesity. Studies have shown the effects of family meal- time in relation to childhood obesity. A study done by Jerica Berge looked only that the interactions at meal times with families and neglected the types of foods they were eating. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
In conjunction to eating a meal together, the results showed that table conversations and family dynamics play key roles in lowering the rates of obesity in child and adults. The families who enjoy spending time together, create a sense of cohesion among each other. Family meal-time is a place where everyone can talk a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Positive reinforcements included telling their children if they eat their food they will grow up to be strong and fast. By family members asking about each other day, especially to their child, they see that someone is expressing interest in their life and that they care. The more positive communication there is at the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Slowing down your eating is helpful in both losing weight and keeping healthy eating habits because it always your brain too caught up with your eating and signals that you are full sooner. Children will develop these eating habits that reflect a healthy living style demonstrated from their parents and/or other family ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Parents who were more controlling about what and how much their child ate showed an increase their obesity rates. A study done by Heather Patrick showed that this type of feeding style, referred to as authoritarian feeding, has the opposite effect on children's eating habits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
In this article, researchers found that limiting or prohibiting a child's access to foods high in fat, sugar, and energy led to the desire to overeat these "forbidden" foods. It creates a sense of anxiety within the child which can lead into them feeling insecure lowering their self-esteem. Children and adults eating i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Many studies have demonstrated the effects of social facilitation. In 1972, researchers Nisbett and Storms invited subjects to eat crackers stating that it was a "taste test". Subjects tasted the crackers alone or were partnered with a confederate who ate either 1 or 20 crackers. Normal-weight subjects ate 29% less wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Those who quit smoking gain an average of 4.4 kilograms (9.7 lb) for men and 5.0 kilograms (11.0 lb) for women over ten years. Changing rates of smoking, however, have had little effect on the overall rates of obesity.A study done by Sucharda found that if there is smoking in families or maternal smoking, the children ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Label literacy in important for people to understand nutritional facts about the foods they eat. In a research study done by Kennen and her colleagues, they sampled 210 obese adult patients at a primary care clinic and determined their literacy levels with a literacy screening instrument. With a p-value of <.05, they f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Malnutrition in early life is believed to play a role in the rising rates of obesity in the developing world. Endocrine changes that occur during periods of malnutrition may promote the storage of fat once more calories become available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
In the United States the number of children a person has had is related to their risk of obesity. A woman's risk of obesity increases by 7% per child, while a man's risk increases by 4% per child. This could be partly explained by the fact that having dependent children decreases physical activity in Western parents. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
In the developing world urbanization is playing a role in increasing rate of obesity. In China, overall rates of obesity are below 5%. However, in some cities, rates of obesity are greater than 20%. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Globalization has made cheap fatty food available in all the nations, greatly increasing fat intake all over the world. "Fast food chains and vending machines packed with lipid-rich foods as well as high calorie sodas can now be found in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and East Oakland, California alike".There is a d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinants_of_obesity |
Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine (formerly Janssen Pharmaceuticals) is a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Beerse, Belgium, and wholly-owned by Johnson & Johnson. It was founded in 1953 by Paul Janssen. In 1961, Janssen Pharmaceuticals was purchased by New Jersey-based American corporation Johnson & Johnson,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_Pharmaceuticals |
Actelion Cilag AG Janssen Biotech (formerly Centocor) Janssen Vaccines (formerly Crucell) Tibotec | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_Pharmaceuticals |
The early roots of what would become Janssen Pharmaceuticals date back to 1933. In 1933, Constant Janssen, the father of Paul Janssen, acquired the right to distribute the pharmaceutical products of Richter, a Hungarian pharmaceutical company, for Belgium, the Netherlands and Belgian Congo. On 23 October 1934, he found... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_Pharmaceuticals |
In 1937, Constant Janssen acquired an old factory building in the Statiestraat 78 in Turnhout for his growing company, which he expanded during World War II into a four-story building. Still a student, Paul Janssen assisted in the development of paracetamol (USP: acetaminophen, often referred to generically under the t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_Pharmaceuticals |
In 1955, he and his team developed their first drug, Neomeritine (ambucetamide), an antispasmodic found to be particularly effective for the relief of menstrual pain. On 5 April 1956, the name of the company was changed to NV Laboratoria Pharmaceutica C. Janssen (named after Constant Janssen). On 27 April 1957, the com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_Pharmaceuticals |
On 2 May 1958, the research department in Beerse became a separate legal entity, the N.V. Research Laboratorium C. Janssen. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_Pharmaceuticals |
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