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They initially considered replacing it with three diagnoses: "ego-dystonic sexual orientation associated with heterosexuality," "ego-dystonic sexual orientation associated with homosexuality," and "ego-dystonic sexual orientation associated with bisexuality." Eventually the decision was made to simplify these into one ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-dystonic_sexual_orientation |
The World Health Organization was increasingly called on to remove ego-dystonic sexual orientation from the ICD, including by the American Psychological Association, which recommended removing the section of categories related to sexual orientation (part F66), noting that they were "historically rooted in and support c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-dystonic_sexual_orientation |
It named that stigma around physical illness and poverty is also likely to cause distress, but this distress is not considered a mental disorder under the ICD. Echoing sentiments voiced 30 years before by Robert Cabaj, the working group also noted that "social and political disapproval has at times resulted in the abus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-dystonic_sexual_orientation |
"It concluded, "It is not justifiable from a clinical, public health or research perspective for a diagnostic classification to be based on sexual orientation" and that the needs of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people can be addressed under other diagnostic categories, "in a manner consistent with good clinical practice,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-dystonic_sexual_orientation |
The current Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD-3), which is styled after the DSM-IV and ICD-10, includes ego-dystonic sexual orientation, with the note that "a person could be conflicted or suffering from mental illness because of their sexuality, and that condition could be treated." Homosexuality and bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-dystonic_sexual_orientation |
There are no evidence-based treatments for ego-dystonic sexual orientation. As part of its assessment of the ICD-10's diagnostic categories related to sexual orientation, the World Health Organization's Working Group on the Classification of Sexual Disorders and Sexual Health conducted a thorough literature search and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-dystonic_sexual_orientation |
The ego-dystonic sexual orientation diagnostic category legitimized controversial sexual orientation change efforts, most notably the practice of conversion therapy, even as such practices were being increasingly scientifically debunked. In 2009, a research study revealed that 1 in 6 psychological therapists in the UK ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-dystonic_sexual_orientation |
In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
Most case reports are on one of six topics: An unexpected association between diseases or symptoms. An unexpected event in the course of observing or treating a patient. Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect. Unique or rare features of a disease. Unique therapeutic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
A case report is generally considered a type of anecdotal evidence. Given their intrinsic methodological limitations, including lack of statistical sampling, case reports are placed at the bottom of the hierarchy of clinical evidence, together with case series. Nevertheless, case reports do have genuinely useful roles ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
Case reports have a role in pharmacovigilance. They can also help understand the clinical spectrum of rare diseases as well as unusual presentations of common diseases. They can help generate study hypotheses, including plausible mechanisms of disease. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
Case reports may also have a role to play in guiding the personalization of treatments in clinical practice.Proponents of case reports have outlined some particular advantages of the format. Case reports and series have a high sensitivity for detecting novelty and therefore remain one of the cornerstones of medical pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
Some case reports also contain an extensive review of the relevant literature on the topic at-hand (and sometimes a systematic review of available evidence). Reports adopting this sort of approach can be identified by terms such as a "case report and review of the literature". Reports containing broader active research... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
The quality of the scientific reporting of case reports is variable, and sub-optimal reporting hinders the use of case reports to inform research design or help guide clinical practice. In response to these issues, reporting guidelines are under development to facilitate greater transparency and completeness in the pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
Many international journals publish case reports, but they restrict the number that appear in the print run because this has an adverse effect on the journal's impact factor. Case reports are often published online, and there is often still a requirement for a subscription to access them. However, an increasing number ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
The term is also used to describe non-scientific reports usually prepared for educational reasons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
Sigmund Freud reported on numerous cases, including Anna O., Dora, Little Hans, Rat Man, and Wolf Man Frederick Treves reported on "The Elephant Man" Paul Broca reported on language impairment following left hemisphere lesions in the 1860s. Joseph Jules Dejerine reported on a case of pure alexia. William MacIntyre repo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report |
In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system. The word grapheme is derived from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō) 'write' and the suffix -eme by analogy with phoneme and other names of emic units. The study of graphemes is called graphemics. The concept of graphemes is abstract and similar ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
There are two main opposing grapheme concepts.In the so-called referential conception, graphemes are interpreted as the smallest units of writing that correspond with sounds (more accurately phonemes). In this concept, the sh in the written English word shake would be a grapheme because it represents the phoneme /ʃ/. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
In this example, h and n are graphemes because they distinguish two words. This analogical concept is associated with the autonomy hypothesis which holds that writing is a system in its own right and should be studied independently from speech. Both concepts have weaknesses.Some models adhere to both concepts simultane... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
Graphemes are often notated within angle brackets: ⟨a⟩, ⟨b⟩, etc. This is analogous to both the slash notation (/a/, /b/) used for phonemes and to the square bracket notation used for phonetic transcriptions (, ). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
In the same way that the surface forms of phonemes are speech sounds or phones (and different phones representing the same phoneme are called allophones), the surface forms of graphemes are glyphs (sometimes graphs), namely concrete written representations of symbols (and different glyphs representing the same grapheme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
Similarly, the grapheme corresponding to "Arabic numeral zero" has a unique semantic identity and Unicode value U+0030 but exhibits variation in the form of slashed zero. Italic and bold face forms are also allographic, as is the variation seen in serif (as in Times New Roman) versus sans-serif (as in Helvetica) forms.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
Capitals are generally found in certain triggering contexts that do not change the meaning of a word: a proper name, for example, or at the beginning of a sentence, or all caps in a newspaper headline. In other contexts, capitalization can determine meaning: compare, for example Polish and polish: the former is a langu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
Some linguists consider digraphs like the ⟨sh⟩ in ship to be distinct graphemes, but these are generally analyzed as sequences of graphemes. Non-stylistic ligatures, however, such as ⟨æ⟩, are distinct graphemes, as are various letters with distinctive diacritics, such as ⟨ç⟩. Identical glyphs may not always represent t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
The principal types of graphemes are logograms (more accurately termed morphograms), which represent words or morphemes (for example Chinese characters, the ampersand "&" representing the word and, Arabic numerals); syllabic characters, representing syllables (as in Japanese kana); and alphabetic letters, corresponding... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
As mentioned in the previous section, in languages that use alphabetic writing systems, many of the graphemes stand in principle for the phonemes (significant sounds) of the language. In practice, however, the orthographies of such languages entail at least a certain amount of deviation from the ideal of exact grapheme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
"Shallow" orthographies such as those of standard Spanish and Finnish have relatively regular (though not always one-to-one) correspondence between graphemes and phonemes, while those of French and English have much less regular correspondence, and are known as deep orthographies. Multigraphs representing a single phon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme |
The Dunbar Theatre is a movie theater in Wichita, Kansas, United States. Opened in 1941, it was named after an American author Paul Laurence Dunbar. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places since July 2, 2008, and the Kansas State Registry of Historic Places. It is located at 1007 N Cleveland St. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_Theatre_(Kansas) |
in the McAdams Neighborhood, which is a historically African-American Neighborhood.During the 1940s, the Dunbar Theatre was not only a destination for entertainment but also a center of the McAdams neighborhood, providing a welcoming place for African-Americans who faced segregation elsewhere in the city. Located at th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_Theatre_(Kansas) |
The Dunbar Theatre opened on August 15, 1941, a time at which other theaters in the Wichita area did not serve African American patrons. It was designed by Raymond M. Harmon, and built specifically to serve the African American community. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_Theatre_(Kansas) |
The Dunbar was the hub of the neighborhood business and social community. The area was one of only a few where African Americans could freely do business and participate in cultural and social events in the Jim Crow era. In addition to films, the Dunbar hosted plays, pageants, and touring African American performers.Wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_Theatre_(Kansas) |
The Dunbar closed in 1963. The City of Wichita twice attempted to condemn and demolish the Dunbar in 1980 and 1991, 'but the historic site was saved through community action. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_Theatre_(Kansas) |
Restoration of the Dunbar is a project of the P.O.W.E.R. Community Development Corporation led by James Arbertha, Founding Executive Director, who hopes to reopen the Dunbar in 2020. Restoration of the sign and marquee took place from 2012-2014. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_Theatre_(Kansas) |
The new Marquee was dedicated on December 14, 2012. The Wichita City Council approved funding more than $600,000 toward the renovation effort in November 2017. Once restored, the Dunbar will be a 340-seat theater with a concession area and restrooms. After the existing theatre is restored, new construction will begin t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_Theatre_(Kansas) |
Despite the theater not being ready for use, outdoor community activities take place on the property outside. Two of the more notable events were the August 25, 2017 End of Summer Bash, and the September 3, 2018 Melanin Fest, both fundraisers for the restoration efforts. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar_Theatre_(Kansas) |
In political contexts, a cadre (, also UK: , also US: ) consists of a person recognized as a capable militant within a political organization. In some socialist states, a cadre is a group of people trained to carry out the goals of the Party-State and disseminate and enforce the official pedagogy. These groups are mean... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
They are often created to break apart existing class hierarchies among citizens of the Party-State. Cadres were present in a number of communist countries that enforced collectivization, including the Soviet Union and Romania. Additionally, the People's Republic of China still maintains a cadre system to this day.Cadre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
For revolutionary socialists including Leninists and some anarchists, a cadre is a group of committed, active, and experienced intellectuals who share political beliefs and participate in the revolutionary movements they see the most promise in. It can also refer to a member of said group. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
The Socialist Republic of Romania was an example of the use of cadres in communism, and an exploration of their role in Romania can give an overall picture of the importance of cadres. Cadres were vital to spreading the ideology of Marxism–Leninism in Romania because cadres were the medium in which official party ideol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Collectivization relied on cadres to keep the system in order. However, due to the shortage of cadres, massive government surveillance and inconsistent policies produced an environment full of distrust and abuse. As a result, the cadre system consumed itself as frustration, distrust, and violence increased. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
These operational struggles were made worse by the fact that the cadres already had their work cut out for them due to the relative difficulty the party experienced in spreading their ideological base. The Romanian Communists attempted to execute a top-down conversion of their citizenry to communism, as opposed to a gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Collectivization was a system, first implemented in the Soviet Union, of taking land from peasants for government use, and then redistributing this land into large, government run farms. This worked, to a degree, in the USSR. However, in Romania this system was met with much more opposition and a lack of support from t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
In addition to agitators, cadres were also responsible for the logistical aspects of collectivization, such as collecting quotas and getting people to join the collectives, as well as policing the state and making sure citizens were “good communists”. To help with doing so, cadres were responsible for neutralizing the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
In establishing the Romanian Communist Party (RCP), many characteristics of the Soviet model were imitated as groundwork for the Party. Because the RCP was politically weak, it required significant assistance from the Soviet Union. As a result, the RCP had many Soviet advisors within its bureaucracy, and based much of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Another key goal of the RCP was to initiate widespread intellectual reform. Such reform is mostly intangible and can thus be much more difficult to implement. As a result, by collectivizing land, the state could have greater control over class resources and exert greater overall control over every member within those c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
With such control, intellectual reform becomes much easier. Collectivization was also an excellent way to create and subsequently destroy a class structure, especially when none already existed. For many communist countries, the Soviet Union’s ‘extensive experience in collectivizing agriculture’ served as their guiding... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
A cadre was "anyone directly employed by the Party-state in an official capacity". Their work included serving as "the apparatuses of Party, state, or Securitate at any level of the political hierarchy". Cadres were considered to be from "healthy" or "unhealthy" origins. A cadre from healthy origins was a poorer peasan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Cadres from healthy origins, ironically, had more issues with literacy and less managerial experience, but they were still preferred over cadres from unhealthy origins. Cadres who came from either origin could've still been stigmatized by their local community, which could've compromised their effectiveness in the fiel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Initially, there was a shortage of labor supply from the cadres. Even though the population of cadres was not small, they were not able to work efficiently as most of them are uneducated. Thus, the RCP required its cadres to engage more propaganda and persuade others to become cadres. This led the RCP to a dilemma: it ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Later on, there was a variety of problems related to the recruitment of cadres. One issue was finding people who were qualified; the majority of the “healthy” population was illiterate and impoverished, and therefore had limited productivity to accomplish many assigned tasks. Similarly, the work that the cadres were ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Additionally, the people who were qualified were often the educated “chiaburs” (wealthy peasants) who were later labelled as “enemies” by the Party, so they were also unqualified. Another issue was the negative perception of cadres in society. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Because the job came with many negative connotations, many people did not want to become cadres and be ostracized by their local community. Moreover, while the RCP was always trying to find and set up its “enemies”, it also had a desire to purge them. Hence, this action makes even fewer people eligible to work as cadre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
While cadres encompassed a large swath of the population and various segments of people, all were expected to abide by a certain behavioral code. While the following signs of “bad” cadres seem broad, it is important to understand that the Romanian Communist Party was very strict in its surveillance and punishment of ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Similarly, any horizontal exchanges were deemed unacceptable by the RCP due to the vertically integrated state structure. This included sexual solicitation and theft. Cadres were also expected to uphold family values by remaining monogamous and refraining from divorce. Finally, cadres were discouraged from using excess... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
The main function of cadres was to convince peasants to join collectives and ensure that they sign contracts stating their “voluntary” consent. They were tasked with ensuring that peasants met their quotas, and keeping detailed records and notes to report back to higher-up Party officials. Here is a list of sample Cadr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
A cadre policy as a political mechanism may take one of two forms: Cadre deployment: the appointment by a government's governing party of a loyalist to an institution, as a means of enhancing public reporting-lines and ensuring that the institution stays true to the mandate of the party as elected by voters. It involve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
The African National Congress government in South Africa commonly practises cadre deployment to ensure that societal leaders actively implement redress policies. Together with Black Economic Empowerment policies, cadre policy is intended to address the inequities brought on by the former apartheid system in South Afric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadre_(politics) |
Nanta (Korean: 난타; Hanja: 亂打, also known as Cookin or Cookin' Nanta) is a South Korean non-verbal comedy show created and produced by Song Seung-whan and incorporates traditional samul nori rhythm. It premiered in October 1997 in Hoam Art Hall in Seoul. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanta_(theatrical_show) |
The musical has a simple back story of three cooks attempting to finish preparing a wedding banquet within a strict time limit while the manager installs his incompetent nephew among the kitchen staff. The show involves acrobatics, magic tricks, comedy, pantomime and audience participation. The unifying element through... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanta_(theatrical_show) |
Nanta is the longest-running show in Korean history. In Korea, it has two private theaters in Seoul(Myeong-dong, Hongdae), one on the island of Jeju, the other in Bangkok, Thailand. The musical made its international debut at the 1999 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, where it received an award for best performance. Since the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanta_(theatrical_show) |
Names is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that is devoted to the scholarly investigation of names and naming (onomastics). Established in 1952, this open-access journal is published by the University of Pittsburgh. It is the official journal of the American Name Society. The Editor-in-Chief is Professor I. M.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_(journal) |
McCarren Park is a public park in Brooklyn, New York City. It is located on the border of Williamsburg and Greenpoint and is bordered by Nassau Avenue, Bayard Street, Lorimer Street and North 12th Street. The park contains facilities for recreational softball, volleyball, soccer, handball, and other games. It is also u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
It also includes the McCarren Play Center, which consists of a recreation center and a pool. McCarren Park is maintained by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks). Opened in 1906 and originally named Greenpoint Park, the park was renamed McCarren Park in 1909 after State Senator Patrick H. McC... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The pool was built by Aymar Embury II during a Works Progress Administration project in 1935–1936. Although McCarren Pool was slated for renovation in the 1980s, it was instead closed due to opposition from the community. The McCarren Play Center was designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
McCarren Park consists of 36 acres (15 ha) spread over four city blocks. The easternmost section of the park is a pentagonal city block bounded by Driggs Avenue to the north, Manhattan Avenue to the northeast, Leonard Street to the east, Bayard Street to the south, and Lorimer Street to the west. There are three additi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The bathhouse is on the eastern sidewalk of Lorimer Street between Driggs Avenue and Bayard Street. The main entrance contains a stair overlooked by brick towers. The north tower contains the word mccarren and the south tower contains the words play center. The stairway contains granite sidewalls. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
At the top of the stair is a courtyard, which is spanned by two large arches and overlooked by a second-story balcony. In the courtyard, there is a bronze ornamental booth that sold tickets for the bathhouse. The inside walls of the courtyard and arches contain a mural by Mary Temple, Double Sun, which depicts shadows ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
Although the mural was painted in 2016, the space was intended to be occupied by an artwork from the bathhouse's completion in 1936.There are two identical pavilions to the north and south of the main bathhouse entrance, oriented on a north-south axis parallel to Lorimer Street. The northern pavilion houses the men's l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
Above both pavilions, a second story is set back from the east facade, originally serving as a viewing pavilion. There are "comfort stations" attached to the extreme ends of each pavilion, which face the pool to the east.Several design features were installed in the bathhouse during the 2012 renovation of the pool. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
East of the bathhouse, McCarren Park contains an enclosed elliptical pool area that is aligned north-south. The pool area is composed of a main swimming pool that was built as a 330-by-165-foot (101 by 50 m) rectangular pool. There were also two smaller, semicircular pools for wading and diving, one on either end of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The main pool was not used from 1984 to 2012. During that intermediate period, the pool was drained and left in disrepair, with various parts of the pool bed being graffitied. There was also a stage for performances on the east side of the pool during the 2000s.After its restoration, the main pool was rearranged into a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The rearranged pool covers 38,000 square feet (3,500 m2) and consists of three sections. The north end of the "C" is intended as a children's area, with the deck sloping down into the pool. The central area was intended for general swimming. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The south end of the "C" is marked with 25-meter-long (82 ft) lanes for the sport of swimming. The reconfigured pool can fit 1,500 swimmers and holds more than 1 million U.S. gallons (3,800,000 L; 830,000 imp gal).The diving pool was to the south of the main rectangular pool, but has been infilled with dirt. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
A diving board existed at the site of the diving pool until 2010, when it was converted into a volleyball court. The wading pool, to the north of the main pool, has been infilled with concrete, and artificial rocks have been installed. The wading pool area is surrounded by an iron fence with an adjacent seating areaThe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
Both structures have a granite base, a bond-brick facade, and a hip roof overhanging the sides of each buildings. Both structures contain double doors as well as multi-pane casement windows. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The structures are connected by a brick wall measuring 50 feet (15 m) long and 9 feet (2.7 m) tall, which contains engaged piers and is topped by a coping of cast stone. Along the connecting hall are concrete bleachers that face west toward the pool. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The area under the pool contains numerous tunnels, including the pool complex's filter house. The filter house is able to circulate 6,080 U.S. gallons per minute (384 L/s). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
Until the 19th century, the site was occupied by a tributary of Bushwick Inlet. According to an 1854 account from the Brooklyn Eagle, the main tributary to McCarren Park formed the boundary between Williamsburg and Greenpoint. The New York City government acquired land for McCarren Park from 1903 to 1905. The park was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
More facilities were opened in 1910, such as a playground, a running track, a seasonal ice rink, tennis courts, baseball fields, soccer fields, football fields, and a dancing platform. By 1930, a pool was also being planned at McCarren Park.In 1928, the route of the New York City Subway's Crosstown Line was announced, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
In 1934, mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia nominated Robert Moses to become commissioner of a unified New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. At the time, the United States was experiencing the Great Depression; immediately after La Guardia won the 1933 election, Moses began to write "a plan for putting 80,000 men... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The pools would be built using funds from the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a federal agency created as part of the New Deal to combat the Depression's negative effects. Eleven of these pools were to be designed concurrently and open in 1936. Moses, along with architects Aymar Embury II and Gilmore David Clarke,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
Each location was to have distinct pools for diving, swimming, and wading; bleachers and viewing areas; and bathhouses with locker rooms that could be used as gymnasiums. The pools were to have several common features, such as a minimum 55-yard (50 m) length, underwater lighting, heating, filtration, and low-cost const... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
To fit the requirement for cheap materials, each building would be built using elements of the Streamline Moderne and Classical architectural styles. The buildings would also be near "comfort stations", additional playgrounds, and spruced-up landscapes.Construction for some of the 11 pools began in October 1934. The pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
By mid-1936, ten of the eleven WPA-funded pools were completed and were being opened at a rate of one per week. The McCarren Park Pool was the eighth pool to open, with a ceremony held on July 31, 1936. This was the largest gathering out of the eleven pool openings held that year. The McCarren Play Center was mostly co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
By the 1970s, McCarren Park and other city parks were in poor condition due to the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis. NYC Parks commenced a project to restore the pools in several parks in 1977, including at McCarren Park. These projects were not carried out due to a lack of money, and by March 1981, NYC Parks had only ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
Residents had opposed the renovation, preferring that it be closed instead, as they claimed the pool had become a hub for drug dealing and prostitution. The pool was closed after the end of the 1983 season, and when contractors tried to perform a renovation in 1984, protestors chained themselves to the complex's gates.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The bathhouse buildings were broken-into and vandalized, until they were sealed up sometime around 1989. The eagle sculptures were stolen from the bathhouse and recovered by an NYC Parks employee who saw them in the window of an architectural-salvage store in Lower Manhattan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
A car was also driven into the dried-up pool.By 1989, Brooklyn Community Board 1 had devised plans to restore the pool, but destroy the bathhouse buildings and build a gymnasium and community center. The pool would be reduced to a capacity of 2,000. The project would not begin before 1995 because the New York City Land... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
At the time, the LPC was considering designation for the McCarren Play Center to avert the demolition of the bathhouse. Phyllis Yampolsky, a local resident whom NYC Parks had hired to ensure the structure's demolition, had reconsidered her position after seeing the structure. Yampolsky later said that neighborhood lead... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
A compromise to preserve the wings was reached by 1990, but the LPC did not designate the bathhouse at that time. Yampolsky helped found the McCarren Park Conservancy in 1994. The group sought to restore the pool and add several structures that would produce a profit for the pool. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
In 2000, Yampolsky presented a proposal for a restored pool and bathhouse, designed by architect Robert A. M. Stern. The next year, the ballfield received a $560,000 renovation. Additionally, in April 2001, Community Board 1 voted to reconstruct the facility to encompass a skate park, an indoor recreation/performance c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
However, the city government's budgetary deficits after the September 11 attacks shelved the plan for several years.Meanwhile, as part of the 2005 rezoning of Greenpoint and Williamsburg, the City appropriated $1 million in capital budget funds for restoration of the pool. In 2004, choreographer Noémie Lafrance request... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
Lafrance was able get to permission by raising funds, as well as receiving a donation of $200,000 from Live Nation. However, controversy arose as Lafrance and community activists objected to Live Nation's plans for paid concerts using the public space for private profit. The first public event in the pool, a dance perf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
In 2006, the track and soccer field were renovated for $1.7 million. The City Council also allocated $300,000 to support the construction of a seasonal rink. The handball and bocce facilities received a $601,000 renovation around the same time.The LPC designated the McCarren Play Center as a landmark in 2007. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
During early 2007, many in the community expressed a preference that the pool be returned to its historic use as an active recreational facility, with a smaller space dedicated to cultural and concert events. In April 2007, New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that a $50 million reconstruction of the pool wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The plan presented to the LPC in September 2008 called for a performance space to be included alongside a new pool, an ice-skating rink, a cafe, a community center, and an exhibition center. The LPC approved the renovation plan on September 9, 2008. Final design renderings were completed in February 2009, and renovatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
The work included removing graffiti, repairing the bathhouse and pool surfaces, and restoring the bathhouse. The pool reopened on June 28, 2012, although local residents expressed concerns that the reopened pool would attract crime. The project was conducted by Rogers Marvel Architects and cost $50 million.In 2013, wor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
That year, a draft of a report commissioned for the Parks Department detailed the poor conditions of the bathhouse, including moisture accumulation. NYC Parks planned to restore the bathhouse starting in mid-2021. Following an influx of asylum seekers to New York City, in 2023, city officials converted portions of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarren_Park |
Grammar Explorer is a language learning resource that was co-founded by the European Commission as a part of its Lingua programme within the SOCRATES programme. The grammar is based on the requirements of The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar_Explorer |
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