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Anterior analysis follows the same principle. Having a different ratio than normal is referred to as Bolton Discrepancy. A standard deviation of more than 2 yields a significant discrepancy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolton_analysis |
One of the drawbacks of this analysis, is that the sample that Bolton measured in his paper in 1958, consisted of only Caucasian population. Therefore, Bolton's Overall Ratio and Anterior Ratio Mean and Standard Deviations are not representative of samples from other race and population. In addition, because the sample... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolton_analysis |
Abba Isa Tijani is a Nigerian professor of museology and anthropology. In 2020 he was appointed director general of Nigeria's National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM).From 2005 to 2008 Tijani worked for the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London on a research project funded by th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba_Isa_Tijani |
Borrowing time: ethnoarchaeology at the Institute: exhibition catalogue. London: Museum Studies Department, Institute of Archaeology, University College, 1994. (with Mala M. Daura and Waziri A. Gazali) Access to land under derived rights arrangement in Lake Alau, north eastern Nigeria. Maiduguri, Nigeria: Faculty of So... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba_Isa_Tijani |
The economy of the Haudenosaunee (also known as Iroquois) historically was based on communal production and combined elements of both horticulture and hunter-gatherer systems. Some have described the Iroquois economy as primitive communism. The tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy and other Northern Huron had their tradi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Tuscarora were added as a sixth nation in the early eighteenth century after they migrated from North Carolina. The Huron peoples, located mostly in what is now Canada, were also Iroquoian-speaking and shared some culture, but were never part of the Iroquois. The Iroquoian people were predominantly agricultural, ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
They developed certain cultural customs. Among these developments were ideas concerning the nature and management of property. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Iroquois developed a system very different from the now-dominant Western variety. This system was characterized by such components as common ownership of land, division of labor by gender, and trade mostly based on gift economy. Contact with Europeans in the early 17th century had a profound impact on the economy o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
At first, they became important trading partners, but the expansion of European settlement upset the balance of the Iroquois economy. By 1800, following the American Revolutionary War, in which most of the nations supported the British and had to share their defeat, the Iroquois were reduced to reservations, primarily ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Iroquois had an essentially communal system of land ownership. The French Catholic missionary Gabriel Sagard described the fundamentals. The Huron had "as much land as they need." As a result, the Huron could give families their own land and still have a large amount of excess land owned communally. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Any Huron was free to clear the land and farm on the basis of usufruct. He maintained possession of the land as long as he continued to actively cultivate and tend the fields. Once he abandoned the land, it reverted to communal ownership, and anyone could take it up for themselves. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
While the Huron did seem to have lands designated for the individual, the significance of this possession may be of little relevance; the placement of corn storage vessels in the longhouses, which contained multiple families in one kinship group, suggests the occupants of a given longhouse held all production in common... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Those clans that abused their allocated land or otherwise did not take care of it would be warned and eventually punished by the Clan Mothers' Council by having the land redistributed to another clan. Land property was really only the concern of the women, since it was the women's job to cultivate food and not the men'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The division of labor reflected the complementary aspects common in Iroquois culture: The twin gods Sapling (East) and Flint (West) embodied the two complementary halves. Each gender had defined roles in labor to support the people, which complemented each other. Women did all work involving the field, including planti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
This gendered division of labor was the predominant means of dividing work in Iroquois society. At the time of contact with Europeans, Iroquois women produced about 65% of the goods and the men 35%. The combined production of food made famine and hunger extremely rare; early Europeans settlers often envied the success ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Since the Iroquois owned property together, they worked together as well. The women performed difficult work in large groups, going from field to field helping one another work each other's land. Together they would sow the fields as a "mistress of the field" distributed a set amount of seeds to each of the women. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Iroquois women of each agricultural group would select an old but active member of their group to act as their leader for that year and agree to follow her directions. The women performed other work cooperatively as well. The women individually cut wood for family use, but their leader would oversee the collective ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The women's clans performed other work. According to Mary Jemison, a white woman who assimilated with the Seneca while young, the collective effort averted "every jealousy of one having done more or less work than another." The Iroquois men also organized in a cooperative fashion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The men acted collectively during military actions. The other jobs of men, such as hunting and fishing, also involved cooperative elements. The men more often organized as a whole village rather than as a clan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The men organized hunting parties where they used extensive cooperation to kill a large amount of game. One firsthand account told of a hunting party that built a large brush fence in a forest to form a V. The hunters set a fire across from the open side of the V, forcing the animals to run towards the point where the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The men also fished in large groups. Fishing expeditions included men in canoes using weirs and nets to cover entire streams and harvest large amounts of fish, sometimes a thousand in half of a day. A hunting or fishing party's takings were considered common property; they were divided among the party by the leader or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Iroquois traded excess corn and tobacco for the pelts from the tribes to the north and the wampum from the tribes to the east. The Iroquois used present-giving more often than any other mode of exchange. Present-giving reflected the reciprocity in Iroquois society. The exchange would begin with one clan giving anot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
This form of trade ties to the Iroquois culture's tendency to share property and cooperate in labor. In all cases no explicit agreement is made, but one service is performed for the community or another member of the community's good with the expectation that the community or another individual would give back. Externa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
A person who discovered a new trading route had the exclusive right to trade along the same route in the future. Often clans collectivized trading routes to gain a monopoly on a certain type of trade. The arrival of Europeans created the opportunity for greatly expanded trade. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Furs were in demand in Europe, and they could be acquired cheaply from Indigenous Peoples in exchange for manufactured goods the Indigenous Peoples could not make themselves. Trade did not always benefit the Natives. The British took advantage of the gift-giving culture. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
They showered the Iroquois with European goods, making them dependent on such items as rifles and metal axes. For a time, the access to guns gave the Mohawk and other Iroquois advantages over other tribes, and they entered trading seriously. The British primarily used these gifts to gain support among the Iroquois for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Eventually, this would have a very negative influence on their society, as they suffered a high rate of alcoholism. By 1753 Scarouady, an Oneida chief, petitioned the Governor of Pennsylvania to intervene in trade: "Your Traders now bring scarce anything but Rum and Flour; they bring little powder and lead, or other va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
. and get all the skins that should go to pay the debts we have contracted for goods bought of the Fair Traders; by this means we not only ruin ourselves but them too. These wicked Whiskey Sellers, when they have once got the Indians in liquor, make them sell their very clothes from their backs. In short, if this pract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The structure of the Iroquois economy created a unique property and work ethic. The threat of theft was almost nonexistent, since little was held by the individual except basic tools and implements that were so prevalent they had little value. The only goods worth stealing would have been wampum. In order for the Iroqu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Virtue became synonymous with productivity. The idealized Iroquois man was a good warrior and productive hunter while the perfect woman excelled in agriculture and housekeeping. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
By emphasizing an individual's usefulness to society, the Iroquois created a mindset that encouraged their members to contribute even though they received similar benefits no matter how hard they worked. As a result of their communal system, the Iroquois had a strong tradition of autonomous responsibility. Iroquois men... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Iroquois system of land management changed somewhat after encounter with the Europeans. The Mohawk were the first to deal with them and "sold" some land to settlers, although it is unlikely either side understood the other's conception of property. After the American Revolutionary War, the victorious Americans forc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Lawrence River. The Iroquois had a system of collectively owned land free to be used as needed by their members. While this system was not wholly collective, as land was distributed for use to individual family groups, the Iroquois lacked the Western conception of property as a commodity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Despite the influence of Western culture, the Iroquois have maintained a unique view of property over the years. The contemporary Mohawk Doug George-Kanentiio sums up his perception of the Iroquois property view: The Iroquois have "no absolute right to claim territory for purely monetary purposes. Our Creator gave us o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
We are caretakers of our Mother Earth, not lords of the land. Our claims are valid only so far as we dwell in peace and harmony upon her." In 1981 the Iroquois Council of Chiefs (or Haudenosaunee) expressed similar ideas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Council distinguished the "Western European concepts of land ownership" from the Iroquois view that "the earth is sacred" and "was created for all to use forever—not to be exploited merely for this present generation." Land is not just a commodity and "In no event is land for sale." The statement continues, "Under ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
It is principally the women who are responsible for the land, who farm it, and who care for it for the future generations. When the Confederacy was formed, the separate nations formed one union. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The territory of each nation became Confederacy land even though each nation continued to have a special interest in its historic territory." The Council's statement reflects its unique view of property among the Iroquois. The system of the Grand River Iroquois (two Iroquois reservations in Canada) integrated the tradi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The reservation was established under two deeds by the Crown in the 18th century following the American Revolutionary War. These deeds gave corporate ownership of the lands to the Six Nations of the Iroquois. Individuals were granted leases for a specific plot by the Confederacy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Iroquois idea that land came into one's possession if cared for and reverted to public control if left alone was used in reservation property law. In one property dispute case, the Iroquois Council sided with a claimant who had made improvements and cultivated the land over one who had left it alone.The natural res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
After natural gas had been discovered on the reservation, the Six Nations took direct ownership of the natural gas wells. They paid persons who had wells on their land compensation only for damages done by gas extraction. This setup closely resembled the precontact land distribution system where the tribes owned the la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Many Iroquois have been fully integrated into the surrounding Western economy of the United States and Canada. For others, their economic involvement is more isolated in the reservation. Whether directly involved in the outside economy or not, most of the Iroquois economy is now greatly influenced by national and world... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
For instance, the U.S. side of the Mohawk St. Regis reservation in northern New York has had unemployment as high as 46 percent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
However, in April of 1999, the St Regis Mohawks opened the Akwesasne Mohawk Casino. It was renovated in 2011 and 2012 to enlarge the hotel, amenities and gaming floor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The casino also employs tribal members and local community members. But many reservations have successful businesses. The Seneca reservation contains the City of Salamanca, New York, a center of the hardwoods industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Seneca make use of their sovereignty to sell gasoline and cigarettes tax-free and run high-stakes bingo operations. The Senecas have also opened several Indian casinos, the Seneca Niagara Casino in Niagara Falls, New York and one in Salamanca. In 2007 the Seneca opened a third in Buffalo, the Seneca Buffalo Creek C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
The Oneida are one of the largest employers in northeastern Wisconsin with over 3,000 employees, including 975 people in tribal government. The Tribe manages more than $16 million in federal and private grants, and a wide range of programs, including those authorized by the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Oneida Enterprises – businesses owned by the Oneida nation Turning Stone Casino – run by the Oneida in Verona, NY. Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel – run by the Seneca in Niagara Falls, NY Seneca Allegany Casino – run by the Seneca in Salamanca, NY. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Iroquois |
Cancer is one of the underlying diseases that increases the risk of COVID-19 developing to a serious illness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer |
The NHS of the United Kingdom has warned that those undergoing active chemotherapy or radiotherapy for lung cancer and those with bone marrow cancers are vulnerable to serious illness if they become infected with COVID-19. In Sweden, individuals who recently got chemotherapy were found to be at a higher risk for develo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer |
The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommends that oncologists should remain ready to adjust their clinical routines in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for using telemedicine services, reducing clinic visits, switching intravenous therapies to subcutaneous or oral therapies, when possibl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer |
Even though many COVID-19 patients recover within 2–6 weeks of the onset of symptoms, some develop symptoms that come and go for months. The possibility has been raised, but needs to be investigated further, that patients with long COVID-19 may be predisposed to the development of lung cancer. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer |
The mismatch negativity (MMN) or mismatch field (MMF) is a component of the event-related potential (ERP) to an odd stimulus in a sequence of stimuli. It arises from electrical activity in the brain and is studied within the field of cognitive neuroscience and psychology. It can occur in any sensory system, but has mos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
For example, a rare deviant (d) stimulus can be interspersed among a series of frequent standard (s) stimuli (e.g., s s s s s s s s s d s s s s s s d s s s d s s s s...). In hearing, a deviant sound can differ from the standards in one or more perceptual features such as pitch, duration, loudness, or location. The MMN ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
During auditory sequences, a person can be reading or watching a silent subtitled movie, yet still show a clear MMN. In the case of visual stimuli, the MMN occurs after an infrequent change in a repetitive sequence of images. MMN refers to the mismatch response in electroencephalography (EEG); MMF or MMNM refer to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
The auditory MMN was discovered in 1978 by Risto Näätänen, A. W. K. Gaillard, and S. Mäntysalo at the Institute for Perception, TNO in The Netherlands.The first report of a visual MMN was in 1990 by Rainer Cammer. For a history of the development of the visual MMN, see Pazo-Alvarez et al. (2003). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
The MMN is a response to a deviant within a sequence of otherwise regular stimuli; thus, in an experimental setting, it is produced when stimuli are presented in a many-to-one ratio; for example, in a sequence of sounds s s s s s s s d s s s s d s s s..., the d is the deviant or oddball stimulus, and will elicit an MMN... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
Without these representations our ability to understand spoken language, for example, would be seriously impaired. Cognitive neuroscience has consequently emphasised the importance of understanding brain mechanisms of sensory information processing, that is, the sensory prerequisites of cognition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
Most of the data obtained, unfortunately, do not allow the objective measurement of the accuracy of these stimulus representations. In addition, recent cognitive neuroscience seems to have succeeded in extracting such a measure, however. This is the mismatch negativity (MMN), a component of the event-related potential ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
An in-depth review of MMN research can be found in Näätänen (1992) while other recent reviews also provide information on the generator mechanisms of MMN, its magnetic counterpart, MMNm (Näätänen, Ilmoniemi & Alho, 1994), and its clinical applicability.The auditory MMN can occur in response to deviance in pitch, intens... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
The amplitude and latency of the MMN is related to how different the deviant stimulus is from the standard. Large deviances elicit MMN at earlier latencies. For very large deviances, the MMN can even overlap the N100.The visual MMN can occur in response to deviance in such aspects as color, size, or duration. The visua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
As kindred phenomena have been elicited with speech stimuli, under passive conditions that require very little active attention to the sound, a version of MMN has been frequently used in studies of neurolinguistic perception, to test whether or not these participants neurologically distinguish between certain kinds of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
MMN is evoked by an infrequently presented stimulus ("deviant"), differing from the frequently-occurring stimuli ("standards") in one or several physical parameters like duration, intensity, or frequency. In addition, it is generated by a change in spectrally complex stimuli like phonemes, in synthesised instrumental t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
The MMN data can be understood as providing evidence that stimulus features are separately analysed and stored in the vicinity of auditory cortex (for a discussion, please see the theory section below). The close resemblance of the behaviour of the MMN to that of the previously behaviourally observed "echoic" memory sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
The experimental evidence suggests that the auditory sensory memory index MMN provides sensory data for attentional processes, and, in essence, governs certain aspects of attentive information processing. This is evident in the finding that the latency of the MMN determines the timing of behavioural responses to change... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
The MMN has been documented in a number of studies to disclose neuropathological changes. Presently, the accumulated body of evidence suggests that while the MMN offers unique opportunities to basic research of the information processing of a healthy brain, it might be useful in tapping neurodegenerative changes as wel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
According to the results of an ongoing study, MMN might also be used in the evaluation of auditory perception deficits in aphasia. Alzheimer's patients demonstrate decreased amplitude of MMN, especially with long inter-stimulus intervals; this is thought to reflect reduced span of auditory sensory memory. Parkinsonian ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
This latter, seemingly contradictory, finding could be explained by hyperexcitability of CNS neurones resulting from neuroadaptive changes taking place during a heavy drinking bout. While the results obtained thus far seem encouraging, several steps need to be taken before the MMN can be used as a clinical tool in pati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
Nevertheless, as it stands, clinical research employing the MMN has already produced significant knowledge on the CNS functional changes related to cognitive decline in the aforementioned clinical disorders. A 2010 study found that MMN durations were reduced in a group of schizophrenia patients who later went on to hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
The mainstream "memory trace" interpretation of MMN is that it is elicited in response to violations of simple rules governing the properties of information. It is thought to arise from violation of an automatically formed, short-term neural model or memory trace of physical or abstract environmental regularities. Howe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
An alternative "fresh afferent" interpretation is that there are no memory neuronal elements, but the sensory afferent neuronal elements that are tuned to properties of the standard stimulation respond less vigorously upon repeated stimulation. Thus when a deviant activates a distinct new population of neuronal element... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity |
Sociological Association of Aotearoa (New Zealand) (SAANZ, or SAA(NZ)) was established in February 1988 from the transformation of the New Zealand Sociological Association, a branch of the Sociological Association of Australia and New Zealand (SAANZ). SAANZ holds an annual conference and publishes an academic journal, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological_Association_of_Aotearoa_(New_Zealand) |
In Dutch politics and media, the "long arm of Ankara" (Dutch: lange arm van Ankara) is a metaphorical reference to the soft power the government of Turkey allegedly exerts in various European countries (notably ones with significant Turkish minorities) by using European Turks as proxies; and in the same manner it denot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_arm_of_Ankara |
The term long arm typically signifies a far-reaching influence of something, as is the case in the idiom "long arm of the law". Ankara is a metonym for the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish parliament) which is housed in the capital city of Ankara. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_arm_of_Ankara |
Internationally, some of the earliest mentions of the term that caught on were regarding Turkish President Erdogan calling for the prosecution of a German and a Dutch comedian over their satirical portrayals of him. Voice of America referred to it as the "long arm of the Turkish State. "Several outlets reported that th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_arm_of_Ankara |
With the anti-Gülen purges in Turkey starting in 2016, some media have applied the term to the Turkish government's ability to arrest Turkish nationals living in other countries. On 30 March 2018, Ahval, an independent London-based media source founded by dissident Turkish journalists, reported that six Turkish nationa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_arm_of_Ankara |
According to author Nick Ashdown, Kosovo was especially susceptible to "Ankara’s long arm" because its rule of law is still "very shaky". Haaretz also interviewed the wives of Turkish Kosovars who were being detained in Turkey for alleged involvement, writing that "Erdogan's Long Arm" had "snatched over 100 alleged mem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_arm_of_Ankara |
While most Western nations have refused Turkish demands for extradition, other countries like Malaysia and Saudi Arabia have generally complied. Several other countries shut down schools linked to the movement due to Turkish pressure, and Turkey has cancelled passports of people sympathetic with the Gülen movement, suc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_arm_of_Ankara |
Cuteness is a type of attractiveness commonly associated with youth and appearance, as well as a scientific concept and analytical model in ethology, first introduced by Austrian ethologist Konrad Lorenz. Lorenz proposed the concept of baby schema (Kindchenschema), a set of facial and body features that make a creature... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
Doug Jones, a visiting scholar in anthropology at Cornell University, said that the proportions of facial features change with age due to changes in hard tissue and soft tissue, and Jones said that these "age-related changes" cause juvenile animals to have the "characteristic 'cute' appearance" of proportionately small... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
Konrad Lorenz argued in 1949 that infantile features triggered nurturing responses in adults and that this was an evolutionary adaptation which helped ensure that adults cared for their children, ultimately securing the survival of the species. Some later scientific studies have provided further evidence for Lorenz's t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
Desmond Collins, who was an Extension Lecturer of Archaeology at London University, said that the lengthened youth period of humans is part of neoteny.Physical anthropologist Barry Bogin said that the pattern of children's growth may intentionally increase the duration of their cuteness. Bogin said that the human brain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
The perceived cuteness of an infant is influenced by the gender and behavior of the infant. In the Koyama et al. (2006) research, female infants are seen as cute for the physical attraction that female infants display more than male infants; whereas research by Karraker (1990) demonstrates that a caregiver's attention ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
Borgi et al. stated that young children demonstrate a preference for faces with a more "infantile facial" arrangement i.e. a rounder face, a higher forehead, bigger eyes, a smaller nose and a smaller mouth. In a study that used three- to six-year-old children, Borgi et al. (2014) asserted that the children showed a vie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
There are suggestions that hormone levels can affect a person's perception of cuteness. Konrad Lorenz suggests that "caretaking behaviour and affective orientation" towards infants as an innate mechanism, and this is triggered by cute characteristics such as "chubby cheeks" and large eyes. The Sprengelmeyer et al. (200... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
Furthermore, to support this claim, women taking birth control pills that raise levels of reproductive hormones detect cuteness better than same aged women not taking the pill.Sprengelmeyer gathered 24 young women, 24 young men, and 24 older women to participate in his study. He ran three studies in which images of whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
In the second study it was found that premenopausal women discriminated cuteness at a higher level than their postmenopausal female peers. This finding suggested a biological factor, which was then investigated further in the third study. Here, Sprengelmeyer compared cuteness sensitivity between premenopausal women who... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
A study by Konrad Lorenz in the early 1940s found that the shape of an infant's head positively correlated with adult caregiving and an increased perception of "cute". However a study by Thomas Alley found no such correlation and pointed out faulty procedures in that study. Alley's study found that cephalic head shape ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
The same drawing was used each time, however the cephalic head shape was changed using a cardioidal transformation (a transformation that models cephalic growth in relation to ageing process) to adjust the perceived age; other features of the face were not changed. The study concluded that a large head shape increased ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
Koyama (2006) said that an adult caregiver's perception of an infant's cuteness can motivate the amount of care and protection the caregiver provides, and the admiration demonstrated toward the infant, and concluded that "the adults' protective feeling for children appeared to be a more important criterion for the judg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
The research suggested that individuals' rating of the perceived cuteness of an infant corresponded to the level of motivation an individual had to care for this infant. Glocker and colleagues then used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to demonstrate that baby faces with higher content of baby schema featu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
This work elucidated the neural mechanism through which baby schema (Kindchenschema) may motivate ("release") caretaking behavior. Furthermore, cute infants were more likely to be adopted and rated as more "likeable, friendly, healthy and competent" than infants who were less cute. There is an implication that baby sch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
Doug Jones, a visiting scholar in anthropology at Cornell University, said that the faces of monkeys, dogs, birds and even the fronts of cars can be made to appear cuter by morphing them with a "cardioidal" (heart-shaped) mathematical transformation. Jones said that negative cardioidal strain results in faces appearing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
in psychology from Boston University, said "cartoonists capitalize on our innate preferences for juvenile features", and she mentioned Mickey Mouse and Bambi as examples of this trend. She said Mickey Mouse's bodily proportions "aged in reverse" since his inception, because "is eyes and head kept getting bigger while h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
in psychology from the University at Buffalo, said cute animals get more public attention and scientific study due to having physical characteristics that would be considered neotenous from the perspective of human development. Estren said that humans should be mindful of their bias for cute animals, so animals that wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
Sherman, Haidt, & Coan (2009) used images of puppies and kittens for the study's "high cuteness" stimuli in two experiments.William R. Miller, assistant professor of biology at Baker University in Kansas, said that most people, upon seeing tardigrades, say that they are the cutest invertebrates.Kenta Takada (2016) said... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuteness |
The Cleveland Public Parks District is a division of the city's Department of Public Works, which is responsible for park maintenance in the City of Cleveland, Ohio. The following is a comprehensive list of the city's more than 150 public parks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Public_Parks_District |
Gordon Park (E. 72nd, S. of Shoreway 46.00 acres (18.62 ha) - Located on the lakefront, a section of Gordon Park is part of the Cleveland Lakefront State Park system. The Mall - Part of the 1903 Group Plan, which was part of an architectural collaboration headed by Daniel Burnham, the Mall is an historic site divided i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Public_Parks_District |
Clair Av. 2.75 acres (1.11 ha) Mall B (Hanna Plaza, F.Pastorius Blvd. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Public_Parks_District |
@ Lakeside Av.5.45 acres (2.21 ha) Mall C (Strawbridge Plaza, 301 Lakeside Av. 5.46 acres (2.21 ha) Rockefeller Park (9601 Wade Park Ave 130.00 acres (52.61 ha) - The city's largest park, built on land that was donated to the city by local Cleveland philanthropist and industrialist, John D. Rockefeller.Rockefeller Park... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Public_Parks_District |
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