text stringlengths 9 3.55k | source stringlengths 31 280 |
|---|---|
The Green River park's infrastructure and transportation systems are both done in a way where all amenities are accessible through a network of pedestrian links, cycle routes, and green bridges. The infrastructure also serves rapid transportation via the inter-city monorail, light rail links and the inner-city tram as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Park_(Egypt) |
The Green River will be open for visits free of charge for the New Administrative Capital, New Cairo and Cairo residents. All universities and cities in the new capital are somehow connected to the Green River. All districts in the new capital contain green gardens through which residents can reach the main park on foo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Park_(Egypt) |
The Green River consists of 7 gardens. International Park Sports Park Plants Garden Historic Park Science Park Health and Population Park Business and Finance Park == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Park_(Egypt) |
Congruence bias is the tendency of people to over-rely on testing their initial hypothesis (the most congruent one) while neglecting to test alternative hypotheses. That is, people rarely try experiments that could disprove their initial belief, but rather try to repeat their initial results. It is a special case of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
Suppose that, in an experimental setting, a subject is presented with two buttons and told that pressing one of those buttons, but not the other, will open a door. The subject adopts the hypothesis that the button on the left opens the door in question. A direct test of this hypothesis would be pressing the button on t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
(This example is parallel to Bruner, Goodnow, and Austin's example in the psychology classic, A Study of Thinking.) It is possible to apply this idea of direct and indirect testing to more complicated experiments in order to explain the presence of a congruence bias in people's reasoning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
Congruence bias could be said to be present if a subject tests their own (usually naive) hypothesis again and again instead of trying to disprove it. The classic example of subjects' congruence bias was discovered by Peter Wason (1960, 1968). Here, the experimenter gave subjects the number sequence "2, 4, 6", telling t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
Subjects provide their own number sequences as tests to see if they could ascertain the rule dictating which numbers could be included in the sequence and which could not. Most subjects quickly assumed that the underlying rule is "numbers ascending by 2", and provide as tests only sequences concordant with this rule, s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
When subjects get confirmatory feedback from repeated testing of the same rule, their confidence in their assumption increases. When the subject offers to the experimenter the hypothesis that the rule is "numbers ascending by 2" they are told that the rule is wrong. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
Subjects tend to be confused by this, and may attempt to change the wording of the rule without changing its meaning. Some may switch to indirect testing, but have trouble letting go of the "+ 2" convention (e.g., producing potential rules as idiosyncratic as "the first two numbers in the sequence are random, and the t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
Wason attributed this failure of subjects to an inability to consider alternative hypotheses, which is the root of the congruence bias. Jonathan Baron explains that subjects could be said to be using a "congruence heuristic", wherein a hypothesis is tested only by thinking of results that would be found if that hypothe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
Remember to choose a test that has a high probability of giving some answer if the hypothesis is true, and a low probability if it is false. "Try to think of alternative hypotheses; then choose a test most likely to distinguish them—a test that will probably give different results depending on which is true." An exampl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
Baron, Jonathan (2008). Thinking and Deciding (4th ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 171–177. ISBN 978-0-521-86207-3. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_bias |
Girishwar Misra (born 21 April 1951) is a social scientist, psychologist and author from India. He obtained an M.A. and Ph.D. in Psychology from Gorakhpur University. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girishwar_Misra |
He started his career as lecturer in psychology at Lecturer, Gorakhpur University in 1970. Thereafter he remained Reader at Allahabad University (1979-1983), Professor, Bhopal University (1983-1993), before joining as Professor, Delhi University in 1993, where he served for the rest of his career.In 1991-1992, Misra wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girishwar_Misra |
National award in the field of social science for the year 2009, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girishwar_Misra |
Psychological Consequences of Prolonged Deprivation (with L. B. Tripathi) Deprivation: Its Social Roots and Psychological Consequences (with D. Sinha and R. C. Tripathi) Perspectives on Indigenous Psychology (with A. K. Mohanty) Psychological Perspectives on Health and Stress, Psychology of Poverty and Social Disadvant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girishwar_Misra |
Bal apradh Taki usaka Bachapan vapas mil sake Ek vikas shil desh main manovigyan: Bhartiya anubhava (Hindi Translation of D. Sinha’s book entitled “Psychology in a third world country Mangal Prabhat ki Pratiksha me | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girishwar_Misra |
The meridian 87° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, Central America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 87th meridian west forms a great circle with the 93rd me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/87th_meridian_west |
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 87th meridian west passes through: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/87th_meridian_west |
INDIAai is a web portal launched by the Government of India in May 2022 for artificial intelligence related developments in India. It is known as the National AI Portal of India, which was jointly started by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), the National e-Governance Division (NeGD) and th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INDIAai |
The portal was launched on May 30, 2020, by Ravi Shankar Prasad, the Union Minister for Electronics and IT, Law and Justice and Communications, on the first anniversary of the second tenure of Prime Minister Narendra Modi-led government. A national program for the youth, 'Responsible AI for Youth', was also launched on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INDIAai |
It aims to function as a one-stop portal for all AI-related development in India. The platform publishes resources such as articles, news, interviews, and investment funding news and events for AI startups, AI companies, and educational firms related to artificial intelligence in India. It also distributes documents, c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INDIAai |
Additionally, the platform provides education and employment opportunities related to AI. It offers AI courses, both free and paid. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INDIAai |
Anno 2205 is a city-building and economic simulation game, with real-time strategy elements, developed by Blue Byte and published by Ubisoft. Anno 2205 is the sixth game of the Anno series, and was released worldwide on 3 November 2015. As with Anno 2070, the game is set in the future, with players having the opportuni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
Anno 2205 is a futuristic city-building video game similar to Anno 2070, as opposed to the previous installments which feature a historical setting. In the game, players take on the role of a leader from a corporation and must compete against other corporations in developing future technologies. At the beginning of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
Besides building housing, players must also produce goods and build infrastructures like robot production facilities to maintain their economy, where said buildings can be relocated or moved around by players. Similar to SimCity, different parts can be added to buildings to enhance their functions. Upgrading the produc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
When citizens' demands were satisfied, they are able to produce more goods.Eventually players are asked to develop and conduct research in arctic regions in order to find cost-efficient ways to launch rockets to the Moon and upon completion, players may colonize the Moon and build cities inside its craters. Resources o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
In the arctic regions players must manage the heating areas of the outpost. As the Moon lacks an atmosphere and features a grimmer environment than Earth, building a city on the Moon requires erecting asteroid shields, as well as unique greenhouses to produce food. Anno 2205 also includes a fully functional day and nig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
The game also introduces a session mode, which allows player to control and manage their cities both on Earth and on the Moon at the same time. Resources vary in different sessions, as a result, players must set up trade routes between different colonies, so that resources and raw materials from a city can be used in a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
Pollution, as well as the underwater gameplay featured in Anno 2070 was removed from 2205. Bridges can be built to connect cities, while buildings can be upgraded via using different modules. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
Upon completion, the upgraded buildings can produce more goods.Information in 2205 is presented visually instead of utilizing text like the previous installments. Citizens' demands appear as images or icons. Happiness of citizens influence their actions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
If they are happy, they can be seen travelling around the city. However, if they are not, they will abandon their buildings and leave. Multiple camera angles are available for players to use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
They can zoom in and zoom out, or to use pre-defined cameras to view the city. The structure of the game's story is also overhauled, in which players are not forced to complete the missions, and that players can choose to complete it during the free play.Naval battles can no longer occur near cities, instead taking tak... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
Expanding computer players have also been removed. In post update 1.6, every corporation can join the stock market. Doing so adds another layer of gameplay in the form of shares and auctions for both that player's corporation and all five rivals, corporate espionage and dominance and eventually monopolization for vario... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
Blue Byte revealed that after 2070, which received critical acclaim, the franchise would move to a new direction, in which the setting of the game continues to move into the future. The game is being developed by Blue Byte, primarily at its Mainz studio, the developer of Anno 1701 and Anno 1404. The game chose not to i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
The full game, as well as additional content, is included in the Gold Edition of 2205. Players who pre-ordered the game were to gain access to the game's closed beta. The closed beta was cancelled, and players who pre-ordered the game received an in-game bonus instead (a new command ship skin).Upon the game's release, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
Wildwater Bay, a free expansion which introduces a new session, and a new sector project was included in update 1.3. Update 1.6 included the Big Five Pack, which added the option for every corporation to join that stock market, which would enable additional gameplay features, and reintroduced disasters. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
Two expansions, namely Tundra and Orbit were released on February 29 and July 20, 2016, respectively. On October 4, the Frontiers expansion was released, containing three new sectors: Madrigal Islands, Savik Province and the Greentide Archipelago. Later this content was added to Season Pass after getting negative feedb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
The game received mixed reviews upon launch. While most reviews have praised for its graphics and animations, the disappointments were due to its over-simplistic gameplay compared to its predecessors, lack of randomly generated maps, combat only in side missions and lack of multiplayer, limiting the replay value of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_2205 |
An O mark, known as marujirushi (丸印) or maru (丸) in Japan and gongpyo (공표(空標), ball mark) in Korea, is the name of the symbols "◯" or "⭕" used to represent affirmation in East Asia, similar to its Western equivalent of the checkmark ("✓"). Its opposite is the X mark ("✗" or "×"). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_mark |
It is common in Japan to employ other symbols to express non-binary grading beyond just "yes/no" or "right/wrong." A bullseye (nijūmaru 二重丸) "◎" is often used for "excellent," while a triangle (sankaku 三角) "△" means "so-so" or "partially applicable." This "◎-○-△-×" system is widely known in Japan, and can be used witho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_mark |
Other ad-hoc usages exist, but they require legends explaining every symbol’s meaning. The hanamaru (花丸) is a variant of the O mark. It is typically drawn as a spiral surrounded by rounded flower petals, suggesting a flower. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_mark |
It is frequently used in praising or complimenting children, and the motif often appears in children's characters and logos. The hanamaru is frequently written on tests if a student has achieved full marks or an otherwise outstanding result. It is sometimes used in place of an O mark in grading written response problem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_mark |
Unicode provides various related symbols, including: U+2B55 ⭕ HEAVY LARGE CIRCLE has both text and emoji presentations, as shown in the table. It defaults to emoji presentation. The emoji U+1F4AE 💮 WHITE FLOWER looks similar to hanamaru, although it represents a rubber stamp commonly used to grade students' written an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_mark |
Cocoyam is a tuberous root crop cultivated in many regions of South Asia. Cocoyams share many of the same nutritional and agricultural characteristics as potatoes and other root crops such as cassava and yams. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
In 2013 root and tuber crops made up 21% of all cash crop production in Nepal. Great potential lies in the expansion and commercialization of the cocoyam industry, enabling this subsistence and cash crop to become a source of economic stability for many hillside farmers. Cocoyams have a tuberous root (corm), which is s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
Due to the crop’s versatility, investing in the production of cocoyams would not only provide Nepalese farmers with a source of income from selling the cormels for cocoyam chip production, but would provide sustenance for themselves as well as feed for their livestock. Cocoyams are capable of yielding 30 to 60 tonnes o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
In rural Nepal, women are responsible for up to 80% of agricultural production. Cocoyams are largely produced by female subsistence farmers, thus the crop is commonly associated with low socio-economic status. As cocoyam production is generally an informal activity driven by women on small scale farms, the commercializ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
In order to benefit female hillside farmers, the commercialization of cocoyam would require an increase in women’s access to development opportunities in order to maintain their control over farms. In the high hills and mountainous regions of Nepal the cultivation of land and transport of crops is carried out by livest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
In 1990 the price per tonne of cocoyam was shown to be 75.7% higher than cassava and 38.2% higher than sweet potato. For a Nepalese hillside farmer, selling surplus cocoyam to locals presents challenges due to the crop’s higher selling point. However, if cocoyam was to be commercialized and exported overseas, the highe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
Due to current land ownership and tenancy rights in Nepal, land rents require 50% of all agro production to be given to the landowner. According to Hindu law, male offspring come into ownership of parental land holdings. In order for cocoyam cultivation to be economically sustainable and beneficial to female farmers, l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
In a commercialized setting where cocoyams require mass cultivation, the problem of pests and diseases will increase in severity. Cocoyam root rot disease and taro leaf blight are common to cocoyam crops. These diseases can exceed one growing season due to the cocoyam’s propagation method of transmitting diseases onto ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
Cocoyam grows best in the mountainous and hill regions of Nepal, accounting for a combined 65% of all arable land. Although inputs such as fertilizer are increasingly important for intensive crop cultivation in these regions, manure remains the central source of soil fertility and nutrient replenishment. The mass produ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
The current system of land ownership in Nepal produces a short-term focus on land investment and production, ignoring long-term investments such as terracing and tree planting to avoid soil erosion and the use of fertilizers. The commercialization of cocoyam would require long-term investment in land and soil to enable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_cocoyam |
In economics, potential output (also referred to as "natural gross domestic product") refers to the highest level of real gross domestic product (potential output) that can be sustained over the long term. Actual output happens in real life while potential output shows the level that could be achieved. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_output |
Natural (physical, etc) and institutional constraints impose limits to growth. If actual GDP rises and stays above potential output, then, in a free market economy (i.e. in the absence of wage and price controls), inflation tends to increase as demand for factors of production exceeds supply. This is because of the fin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_output |
Potential output has also been called the "natural gross domestic product." If the economy is said to be at a potential GDP level, the unemployment rate ostensibly equals the NAIRU (the "natural rate of unemployment"). There is great disagreement among economists as to what these rates actually are, while the concept i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_output |
Artificial empathy or computational empathy is the development of AI systems—such as companion robots or virtual agents—that can detect emotions and respond to them in an empathic way.Although such technology can be perceived as scary or threatening, it could also have a significant advantage over humans for roles in w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_empathy |
There are a variety of philosophical, theoretical, and applicative questions related to artificial empathy. For example: Which conditions would have to be met for a robot to respond competently to a human emotion? What models of empathy can or should be applied to Social and Assistive Robotics? | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_empathy |
Must the interaction of humans with robots imitate affective interaction between humans? Can a robot help science learn about affective development of humans? Would robots create unforeseen categories of inauthentic relations? What relations with robots can be considered authentic? | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_empathy |
People often communicate and make decisions based on inferences about each other's internal states (e.g., emotional, cognitive, and physical states) that are in turn based on signals emitted by the person such as facial expression, body gesture, voice, and words. Broadly speaking, artificial empathy focuses on developi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_empathy |
Artificial empathy has been applied in various research disciplines, including artificial intelligence and business. Two main streams of research in this domain are: the use of nonhuman models to predict a person's internal state (e.g., cognitive, affective, physical) given the signals he or she emits (e.g., facial exp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_empathy |
With the increasing volume of visual, audio, and text data in commerce, many business applications for artificial empathy have followed. For example, Affectiva analyses viewers' facial expressions from video recordings while they are watching video advertisements in order to optimize the content design of video ads. So... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_empathy |
Although artificial intelligence cannot yet replace social workers themselves, the technology has been deployed in that field. Florida State University published a study about Artificial Intelligence being used in the human services field. The research used computer algorithms to analyze health records for combinations... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_empathy |
The algorithms become even more accurate as a person's suicide attempt gets closer. For example, the accuracy climbs to 92% one week before a suicide attempt when artificial intelligence focuses on general hospital patients". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_empathy |
Such algorithmic machines can help social workers. Social work operates on a cycle of engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation with clients. Earlier assessment for risk of suicide can lead to earlier interventions and prevention, therefore saving lives. The system would learn, analyze, and detect risk facto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_empathy |
Susan Caroline Kippax (born 1941) is an Australian social psychologist and is Emeritus Professor at the University of New South Wales. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
Born in 1941, Kippax graduated from the University of Sydney with a BA (1968). In 1970 she won a Rhodes Travelling Fellowship to study at the University of Oxford. She completed her PhD (1972) at the University of Sydney. Her thesis was titled Attitudes: A theory and experimental investigation of their complex nature.I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
In 1999 she and the NCHIVSR moved to the University of New South Wales. She was appointed Emeritus Professor in 2008.In 1999 Kippax was one of four Founding Editors of Culture, Health & Sexuality, the journal of the International Association for the Study of Sexuality, Culture and Society. She was co-Editor-in-Chief of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
Kippax was elected Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 2000.She was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours for "distinguished service to higher education, and to community health, particularly through research into HIV prevention and treatment". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
Rosengarten, Marsha; Race, Kane; Kippax, Susan (2000), Touch wood, everything will be ok: Gay men's understandings of clinical markers in sexual practice, National Centre in HIV Social Research, ISBN 978-1-875978-40-3 Southgate, Erica; Kippax, Susan; Owler, Kathryn (2002), Social research needs analysis: The Australian... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
Mark A Wainberg; Susan Kippax; Marlene Bras; Papa S Sow (1 December 2014). "HIV and Ebola: similarities and differences". Journal of the International AIDS Society. 17: 19896. doi:10.7448/IAS.17.1.19896. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
ISSN 1758-2652. PMC 4252165. PMID 25466882. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
Wikidata Q43050877. Mark A Wainberg; Susan Kippax; Marlene Bras; Papa Salif Sow (1 December 2015). "Has the world ceased to care about HIV? | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
And what can we do about it?". Journal of the International AIDS Society. 18: 20818. doi:10.7448/IAS.18.1.20818. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
ISSN 1758-2652. PMC 4668283. PMID 26632480. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
Wikidata Q40884809. Susan Kippax (1 May 2017). "A journey to HIV prevention research: From social psychology to social health via multidisciplinarity". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
Journal of Health Psychology: 1359105317707529. doi:10.1177/1359105317707529. ISSN 1359-1053. PMID 28810461. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
Wikidata Q38556936. Kenneth H Mayer; Susan Kippax; Annette H Sohn; Marlène Bras (November 2018). "The importance of serostatus awareness in arresting the spread of HIV". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
Journal of the International AIDS Society. 21 (11): e25217. doi:10.1002/JIA2.25217. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
ISSN 1758-2652. PMC 6265236. PMID 30499224. Wikidata Q59800892. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kippax |
The inverse care law is the principle that the availability of good medical or social care tends to vary inversely with the need of the population served. Proposed by Julian Tudor Hart in 1971, the term has since been widely adopted. It is considered a landmark publication in the history of The Lancet. The name is a pu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_care_law |
The law states that: "The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served. This ... operates more completely where medical care is most exposed to market forces, and less so where such exposure is reduced. "Hart later paraphrased his argument: "To the extent that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_care_law |
That is rich people get lots of it. Poor people don’t get any of it. "The Inverse Care Law is a key issue in debates about the provision of health care and health inequality. As Frank Dobson put it when he was United Kingdom Secretary of State for Health: "Inequality in health is the worst inequality of all. There is n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_care_law |
Parliamentary sovereignty is an ancient concept central to the functioning of the constitution of the United Kingdom but which is also not fully defined and has long been debated. Since the subordination of the monarchy under parliament, and the increasingly democratic methods of parliamentary government, there have be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
In other countries, a written constitution often binds the parliament to act in a certain way, but there is no codified constitution in the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, parliament is central to the institutions of state. The concept is exclusive to the UK Parliament and therefore does not extend to the Scotti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
Formally speaking however, the present state that is the UK is descended from the international Treaty of Union between England and Scotland in 1706/7 which led to the creation of the "Kingdom of Great Britain". It is clear that the terms of that Treaty stated that certain of its provisions could not be altered, for ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
These issues remain contested, although the United Kingdom has since ceased membership of the European Union and is no longer subject to its treaties. The terms "parliamentary sovereignty" and "parliamentary supremacy" are often used interchangeably. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
The term "sovereignty" implies a similarity to the question of national sovereignty. While writer John Austin and others have looked to combine parliamentary and national sovereignty, this view is not universally held. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
Whichever term is used, it relates to the existence or non-existence of limits on parliament's power in its legislative role. Although the House of Commons' dominance within the Houses of Parliament is well attested, "parliamentary sovereignty" refers to their joint power. Almost all legislation is passed with the supp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
The Statute of Proclamations of 1539 gave the king wide powers to legislate without reference to, or approval from, Parliament. At the same time, it recognised the common law, existing statutory provisions, and excluded the breach of royal proclamations from the death penalty. It was repealed in 1547, but Queen Mary an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
The concept of parliamentary sovereignty was central to the English Civil War: Royalists argued that power was held by the king, and delegated to Parliament, a view which was challenged by the Parliamentarians. The issue of taxation was a significant power struggle between Parliament and the king during the Stuart peri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
Direct taxation had been a matter for Parliament from the reign of Edward I, but indirect taxation continued to be a matter for the king.Royal powers were finally removed by the Bill of Rights 1689. The Bill of Rights also removed the ability of the Crown to dispense with (ignore or suspend) legislation and statutes. S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
It was the view of A. V. Dicey, writing in the early twentieth century, that Parliament had "the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and, further, that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament". He refers to "England" but his vi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
The first is sovereignty by Act of Parliament itself. One response, put forward by John Salmond was to reject this idea: he believed that "no statute can confer this power on Parliament for this would be to assume and act on the very power that is to be conferred". An alternative is to see sovereignty conferred by way ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
The second possible source are the courts, that in enforcing all Acts of Parliament without exception, they have conferred sovereignty upon Parliament. The third alternative is the complex relationship between all parts of government, and their historical development. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
This is then assumed to be continuous and the basis for the future. However, if sovereignty was built up over time, "freezing" it at the current time seems to run contrary to that.A group of individuals cannot hold sovereignty, only the institution of Parliament; determining what does and does not constitute an Act of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
In the absence of a written constitution, it is a matter for the common law to make this determination. The court does not consider any procedural defects of the bill if they are present; this is called the "enrolled Act" doctrine. For example, the case of Pickin v British Railways Board was dismissed because it relied... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
In them, a regent acting during the infancy, incapacitation or absence of the monarch can assent to bills but cannot do so if they relate to changing the nature of monarchical inheritance or amending the Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707, which protected that church in Scotland. If a regent did assen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.