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The CoLang Advisory Circle provides long-term stewardship of the Institute and guidance to the Local Organizing Committee for each individual Institute; it also seeks to develop public awareness of CoLang and the institute's commitment toward preserving and sustaining language diversity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoLang |
Current as of February 2017 Fakhruddin Akhunzada (2020) Aaron Broadwell (2020) Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins (2018) (co-convener) Susan Gehr (2018) (co-convener) Spike Gildea (2020) Seunghun J. Lee (2020) Megan Lukaniec (2018) Leroi Morgan (2020) Carolyn O'Meara (2020) Jean-Luc Pierite (2020) Heather Powell (2020) Keren Rice ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoLang |
Analytic philosophy is a branch and tradition of philosophy using analysis, popular in the Western world and particularly the Anglosphere, which began around the turn of the 20th century in the contemporary era in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Scandinavia, and continues today. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
After the decline of logical positivism, Saul Kripke, David Lewis, and others led a revival in metaphysics. Elizabeth Anscombe, Peter Geach, Anthony Kenny, and others developed an analytic approach to Thomism. Analytic philosophy is characterized by an emphasis on language, known as the linguistic turn, and for its cla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
It also takes things piecemeal, in "an attempt to focus philosophical reflection on smaller problems that lead to answers to bigger questions".Analytic philosophy is often understood in contrast to other philosophical traditions, most notably continental philosophies such as existentialism, phenomenology, and Hegeliani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
The history of analytic philosophy (taken in the narrower sense of "20th-/21st-century analytic philosophy") is usually thought to begin with the rejection of British idealism, a neo-Hegelian movement.British idealism as taught by philosophers such as F. H. Bradley (1846–1924) and T. H. Green (1836–1882), dominated Eng... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
This is closely related to the opinion that relations between items are internal relations, that is, properties of the nature of those items. Russell, along with Wittgenstein, in response promulgated logical atomism and the doctrine of external relations—the belief that the world consists of independent facts.Russell, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
In contrast to Edmund Husserl's 1891 book Philosophie der Arithmetik, which argued that the concept of the cardinal number derived from psychical acts of grouping objects and counting them, Frege argued that mathematics and logic have their own validity, independent of the judgments or mental states of individual mathe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Later, his book written with Whitehead, Principia Mathematica (1910–1913), encouraged many philosophers to renew their interest in the development of symbolic logic. Additionally, Russell adopted Frege's predicate logic as his primary philosophical method, a method Russell thought could expose the underlying structure ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
From about 1910 to 1930, analytic philosophers like Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein emphasized creating an ideal language for philosophical analysis, which would be free from the ambiguities of ordinary language that, in their opinion, often made philosophy invalid. During this phase, Russell and Wittgenstein sought to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Russell became an advocate of logical atomism. Wittgenstein developed a comprehensive system of logical atomism in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (German: Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung, 1921). He thereby argued that the universe is the totality of actual states of affairs and that these states of affairs can be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
During the late 1920s to 1940s, a group of philosophers of the Vienna Circle and the Berlin Circle developed Russell and Wittgenstein's formalism into a doctrine known as "logical positivism" (or logical empiricism). Logical positivism used formal logical methods to develop an empiricist account of knowledge. Philosoph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
These two constituted the entire universe of meaningful judgments; anything else was nonsense. The claims of ethics, aesthetics, and theology were consequently reduced to pseudo-statements, neither empirically true nor false and therefore meaningless. In reaction to what he considered excesses of logical positivism, Ka... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
With the coming to power of Adolf Hitler and Nazism in 1933, many members of the Vienna and Berlin Circles fled to Britain and the US, which helped to reinforce the dominance of logical positivism and analytic philosophy in anglophone countries. Logical positivists typically considered philosophy as having a minimal fu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
After World War II, during the late 1940s and 1950s, analytic philosophy became involved with ordinary-language analysis. This resulted in two main trends. One continued Wittgenstein's later philosophy, which differed dramatically from his early work of the Tractatus. The other, known as "Oxford philosophy", involved J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
In contrast to earlier analytic philosophers (including the early Wittgenstein) who thought philosophers should avoid the deceptive trappings of natural language by constructing ideal languages, ordinary-language philosophers claimed that ordinary language already represents many subtle distinctions not recognized in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Although contemporary philosophers who self-identify as "analytic" have widely divergent interests, assumptions, and methods—and have often rejected the fundamental premises that defined analytic philosophy before 1960—analytic philosophy today is usually considered to be determined by a particular style, characterized... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
They have done so largely by expanding the notion of "analytic philosophy" from the specific programs that dominated anglophone philosophy before 1960 to a much more general notion of an "analytic" style.Many philosophers and historians have attempted to define or describe analytic philosophy. Those definitions often i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Steven D. Hales described analytic philosophy as one of three types of philosophical method practiced in the West: "n roughly reverse order by number of proponents, they are phenomenology, ideological philosophy, and analytic philosophy".Scott Soames agrees that clarity is important: analytic philosophy, he says, has "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Motivated by the logical positivists' interest in verificationism, logical behaviorism was the most prominent theory of mind of analytic philosophy for the first half of the 20th century. Behaviorists tended to opine either that statements about the mind were equivalent to statements about behavior and dispositions to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Finally, analytic philosophy has featured a certain number of philosophers who were dualists, and recently forms of property dualism have had a resurgence; the most prominent representative is David Chalmers.John Searle suggests that the obsession with the philosophy of language during the 20th century has been superse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Due to the commitments to empiricism and symbolic logic in the early analytic period, early analytic philosophers often thought that inquiry in the ethical domain could not be made rigorous enough to merit any attention. It was only with the emergence of ordinary language philosophers that ethics started to become an a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Twentieth-century meta-ethics has two origins. The first is G.E. Moore's investigation into the nature of ethical terms (e.g., good) in his Principia Ethica (1903), which identified the naturalistic fallacy. Along with Hume's famous is/ought distinction, the naturalistic fallacy was a major topic of investigation for a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
The second is in logical positivism and its attitude that unverifiable statements are meaningless. Although that attitude was adopted originally to promote scientific investigation by rejecting grand metaphysical systems, it had the side effect of making (ethical and aesthetic) value judgments (as well as religious sta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
As a result, analytic philosophers avoided normative ethics and instead began meta-ethical investigations into the nature of moral terms, statements, and judgments. The logical positivists opined that statements about value—including all ethical and aesthetic judgments—are non-cognitive; that is, they cannot be objecti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
For example, in this view, saying, "Killing is wrong", is equivalent to saying, "Boo to murder", or saying the word "murder" with a particular tone of disapproval. While analytic philosophers generally accepted non-cognitivism, emotivism had many deficiencies. It evolved into more sophisticated non-cognitivist theories... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Hare, which was based on J.L. Austin's philosophy of speech acts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
These theories were not without their critics. Philippa Foot contributed several essays attacking all these theories. J.O. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Urmson's article "On Grading" called the is/ought distinction into question. As non-cognitivism, the is/ought distinction, and the naturalistic fallacy began to be called into question, analytic philosophers showed a renewed interest in the traditional questions of moral philosophy. Perhaps the most influential being E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
The first half of the 20th century was marked by skepticism toward and neglect of normative ethics. Related subjects, such as social and political philosophy, aesthetics, and philosophy of history, became only marginal topics of English-language philosophy during this period. During this time, utilitarianism was the on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
G.E.M. Anscombe's 1958 "Modern Moral Philosophy" sparked a revival of Aristotle's virtue ethical approach and John Rawls's 1971 A Theory of Justice restored interest in Kantian ethical philosophy. Today, contemporary normative ethics is dominated by three schools: consequentialism, virtue ethics, and deontology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
A significant feature of analytic philosophy since approximately 1970 has been the emergence of applied ethics—an interest in the application of moral principles to specific practical issues. The philosophers following this orientation view ethics as involving humanistic values, which involve practical implications and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
In Analytic Philosophy of Religion, James Franklin Harris noted that analytic philosophy has been a very heterogeneous 'movement'.... some forms of analytic philosophy have proven very sympathetic to the philosophy of religion and have provided a philosophical mechanism for responding to other more radical and hostile ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Adams worked on the relationship of faith and morality. Analytic epistemology and metaphysics has formed the basis for some philosophically sophisticated theistic arguments, like those of the reformed epistemologists like Plantinga. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Analytic philosophy of religion has also been preoccupied with Wittgenstein, as well as his interpretation of Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy of religion. Using first-hand remarks (which was later published in Philosophical Investigations, Culture and Value, and other works), philosophers such as Peter Winch and Norman ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
The name "contemplative philosophy" was first coined by D.Z. Phillips in Philosophy's Cool Place, which rests on an interpretation of a passage from Wittgenstein's Culture and Value. This interpretation was first labeled, "Wittgensteinian Fideism", by Kai Nielsen but those who consider themselves Wittgensteinians in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Phillips. Responding to this interpretation, Kai Nielsen and D.Z. Phillips became two of the most prominent philosophers on Wittgenstein's philosophy of religion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Current analytic political philosophy owes much to John Rawls, who in a series of papers from the 1950s onward (most notably "Two Concepts of Rules" and "Justice as Fairness") and his 1971 book A Theory of Justice, produced a sophisticated defense of a generally liberal egalitarian account of distributive justice. This... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
During recent decades there have also been several critiques of liberalism, including the feminist critiques of Catharine MacKinnon and Andrea Dworkin, the communitarian critiques of Michael Sandel and Alasdair MacIntyre (although neither of them endorses the term), and the multiculturalist critiques of Amy Gutmann and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Another development of political philosophy was the emergence of the school of analytical Marxism. Members of this school seek to apply techniques of analytic philosophy and modern social science such as rational choice theory to clarify the theories of Karl Marx and his successors. The best-known member of this school... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Other prominent analytical Marxists include the economist John Roemer, the social scientist Jon Elster, and the sociologist Erik Olin Wright. The work of these later philosophers have furthered Cohen's work by bringing to bear modern social science methods, such as rational choice theory, to supplement Cohen's use of a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Communitarians such as Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, Michael Walzer, and Michael Sandel advance a critique of liberalism that uses analytic techniques to isolate the main assumptions of liberal individualists, such as Rawls, and then challenges these assumptions. In particular, communitarians challenge the libera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
One striking difference with respect to early analytic philosophy was the revival of metaphysical theorizing during the second half of the 20th century. Philosophers such as David Kellogg Lewis and David Armstrong developed elaborate theories on a range of topics such as universals, causation, possibility and necessity... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Although many discussions are continuations of old ones from previous decades and centuries, the debate remains active. The philosophy of fiction, the problem of empty names, and the debate over existence's status as a property have all become major concerns, while perennial issues such as free will, possible worlds, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Philosophy of language is a topic that has decreased in activity during the last four decades, as evidenced by the fact that few major philosophers today treat it as a primary research topic. Indeed, while the debate remains fierce, it is still strongly influenced by those authors from the first half of the century: Go... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
In Saul Kripke's publication Naming and Necessity, he argued influentially that flaws in common theories of proper names are indicative of larger misunderstandings of the metaphysics of necessity and possibility. By wedding the techniques of modal logic to a causal theory of reference, Kripke was widely regarded as rev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Reacting against both the verificationism of the logical positivists as well as the critiques of the philosopher of science Karl Popper, who had suggested the falsifiability criterion on which to judge the demarcation between science and non-science, discussions of philosophy of science during the last 40 years were do... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Owing largely to Gettier's 1963 paper "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? ", epistemology resurged as a topic of analytic philosophy during the last 50 years. A large portion of current epistemological research is intended to resolve the problems that Gettier's examples presented to the traditional justified true beli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
As a result of what seemed like rejections of the traditional aesthetic notions of beauty and sublimity from post-modern thinkers, analytic philosophers were slow to consider art and aesthetic judgment. Susanne Langer and Nelson Goodman addressed these problems in an analytic style during the 1950s and 1960s. Since Goo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy |
Tal Al-Farani (Arabic: تل الفراني), a place mentioned in the Torah located in Israel, about 3.5 km to the east of the Mediterranean Sea, between Ashdod and Ashkelon, and an area of about 10 hectares, was inhabited and populated during the first three stages of the ancient Bronze Age and only during the third phase of A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal_Al-Farani |
The International Council of Onomastic Sciences (ICOS) is an international academic organization of scholars with a special interest in onomastics, the scientific study of names (e.g. place-names, personal names, and proper names of all other kinds). The official languages of ICOS are English, French, and German. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Onomastic_Sciences |
Members research: the origin and history of names, the personal name-systems used by different cultures, the demographic patterns of names in different societies, the use and significance of names of characters in literature, brand-name creation, many related topics in the naming of persons, places, institutions, works... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Onomastic_Sciences |
ICOS publishes the annual journal Onoma, which is its official publication. Onoma is managed by a General Editor in conjunction with an Editorial Board. It contains topical research reports as well as basic theoretical articles concerning all areas of scholarly name research. ICOS also publishes an irregular newsletter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Onomastic_Sciences |
ICOS has two active working groups, striving: to create an international bibliography of name-study to help create an internationally agreed technical terminology for name-study | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Onomastic_Sciences |
The International Congress of Onomastic Sciences, which is normally held every three years, is a major academic conference organised on behalf of ICOS by one of its members. The General Assembly of ICOS, which also functions as its business meeting, and at which its officers are elected, is usually held at these congre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Onomastic_Sciences |
Professor Hendrik Jozef van de Wijer (Leuven), 1950–1968 Professor Henri Draye (Leuven), 1969-1983 Professor Karel Roelandts (Leuven), 1984–1990 Professor Wilhelm F.H. Nicolaisen (New York / Aberdeen), 1990–1996 Professor Robert Rentenaar (Amsterdam), 1996–1999 Professor Isolde Hausner (Vienna), 1999–2002 Dr. Mats Wahl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Onomastic_Sciences |
In Australian politics, a leadership spill (or simply spill) is a colloquialism referring to a declaration that the leadership of a parliamentary party is vacant and open for contest. A spill may involve all or some of the leadership positions (leader and deputy leader in both houses). Where a rival to the existing lea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_spill |
In Australian English the colloquial use of the word "spill" seems to have begun in the mid-1940s with the contest to replace Prime Minister John Curtin after his death on 5 July 1945.When a leadership vacancy arises due to the voluntary resignation or death of the incumbent, the resulting leadership ballot may not be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_spill |
There were 72 leadership spills between 1970 and 2015; the phenomenon became increasingly common in the early 21st century. None occurred in the 1960s, 10 in the 1970s, 18 in the 1980s, 13 in the 1990s, and 31 between 2000 and 2015. Spills are three times more likely to occur when a party is in opposition compared to w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_spill |
In the Westminster system of government, the leader of the party which forms government becomes the prime minister, while the leader of the largest party not in government becomes leader of the Opposition. Contenders for the role of leader of a major party usually (but not always) come from the cabinet or shadow cabine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_spill |
Following his return to the leadership of the Australian Labor Party in 2013, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd sought changes to the party's rules so that leadership spills would be more difficult to launch in future. The changes included the requirement for 75% support within the Australian Labor Party Caucus for a special l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_spill |
Following the oustings of two Liberal Prime Ministers in 3 years, Scott Morrison, who won the leadership spill of 24 August 2018 introduced a new threshold to trigger a Liberal Party leadership change in government, requiring two-thirds of the partyroom vote to trigger a spill motion. The change was introduced at an ho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_spill |
Historically, a governing party's replacement of its leader fails to improve its electoral fortunes. Across state and federal politics between 1970 and 2014, over 90% of governing parties that replaced their leader lost their majority at the subsequent election. The chances of success are higher when the party is in op... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_spill |
The following spill motions occurred during a parliamentary term, rather than in the aftermath of an election loss. Colours denote the party holding the leadership spill motion. Blue represents the Liberal Party, red the Labor Party, and green the National Party. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_spill |
An episode of the American TV series Madam Secretary, "The Common Defense", featured a fictional Australian Prime Minister and one of the main characters Jay Whitman (Sebastian Arcelus) commented that Australia throws Prime Ministers out like confetti. The episode was originally aired on March 24, 2019, and it is an al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_spill |
The Home bias in trade puzzle is a widely discussed problem in macroeconomics and international finance, first documented by John T. McCallum in an article from 1995.McCallum showed that for the United States and Canada, inter-province trade is 20 times larger than international trade, holding other determinants of tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_bias_in_trade_puzzle |
Another possible solution to the fact that domestic trade is 20 times larger than international trade could be that domestically traders speak the same language. If presence of formal and informal trade barriers following national borders was the sole reason for this puzzle, home bias should not exist on the subnationa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_bias_in_trade_puzzle |
states. Maurice Obstfeld and Kenneth Rogoff identify this as one of the six major puzzles in international economics. The others are the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle, the equity home bias puzzle, the consumption correlations puzzle, the purchasing power and exchange rate disconnect puzzle, and the Baxter-Stockman neutralit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_bias_in_trade_puzzle |
Yield mapping or yield monitoring is a technique in agriculture of using GPS data to analyze variables such as crop yield and moisture content in a given field. It was developed in the 1990s and uses a combination of GPS technology and physical sensors, such as speedometers, to track crop yields, grain elevator speed, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_mapping |
This allows farmers to determine areas of the field that, for example, may need to be more heavily irrigated or are not yielding any crop at all. It also allows farmers to show the effects of a change in field-management techniques, to develop nutrient strategies for their fields, and as a record of crop yield to use i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_mapping |
Cerence Inc. is an American multinational software company that develops artificial intelligence (AI) assistant technology primarily for automobiles. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerence |
Cerence was founded in October of 2019, after Nuance Communications decided to turn its automotive division into an independent company. Nuance had provided voice recognition technology to car manufacturers for twenty years prior to the spin-off, and its technology was built into half of the new cars shipped globally i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerence |
The company assumed control of previously Nuance-held contracts with approximately 60 automakers including BMW, Ford, and Toyota. Since becoming its own entity, Cerence signed new deals to install voice recognition and assistance technology in Fiat Chrysler and Mercedes-Benz vehicles. In January of 2020, LG announced t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerence |
Cerence develops automotive AI products, primarily focusing on voice assistant technology. Its voice assistant technology is not device-specific, and is white-labeled for auto manufacturers. The company's products integrate into a car's operating system and allow drivers to use speech for a variety of actions, for exam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerence |
As of 2021, Cerence's speech recognition software recognizes 70 different languages and dialects. The technology can work with other voice assistant and AI devices such as those developed by Apple Inc. and Google. Drivers using the voice technology in their car can make a request and the Cerence software would help rou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerence |
Hygge (, H(Y)OO-gə; Danish: ; Norwegian: ) is a word in Danish and Norwegian that describes a cosy, contented mood evoked by comfort and conviviality. As a cultural category with its sets of associated practices hygge has more or less the same meaning in both places and in both languages; however, the emphasis on hygge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
By convention, the word hygge is thought to originate from a Danish word meaning "to give courage, comfort, joy." Hygge stems from hyggja, which means "to think" in Old Norse. Hygge is derived from the Old Norse hugr, later hug, which means the soul, mind, consciousness.But it is speculated that hygge may derive from a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
In turn, hugr is a cognate of the Old English hycgan, and comes from the Germanic hugyan, meaning, like Old Norse hyggja, "to think, consider. "It first appeared in Danish writing in the 19th century and has since evolved into the cultural idea known in Denmark and Norway today. While hygge has exactly the same meaning... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
In both Danish and Norwegian, hygge refers to "a form of everyday togetherness", "a pleasant and highly valued everyday experience of safety, equality, personal wholeness and a spontaneous social flow".The noun hygge includes something nice, cozy, safe and known, referring to a psychological state. The Happiness Resear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
Hygge is a way of life for Danes that embodies a sense of coziness, simplicity, and being present. Researchers Smoyer and Miking define hygge as a "restorative practice" and emphasize Danes' strong commitment to it. Meik Wiking, the author of The Little Book of Hygge, created the Hygge Manifesto, which quantifies hygge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
Wiking believes that these ten ideals are key qualities for living a happy life.Many different Danish traditions are influenced by hygge. For instance, in winter months Danes often make home-cooked food, such as cakes or meatballs, from scratch. Additionally, hygge inspires Danish interior design throughout the year. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
Since pie, yuletide, sweaters, hot cocoa and soup are Yuletide traditions, autumn and winter may seem to be the sole seasons of hygge. However, moments of hygge happen throughout the year, including in summer. Examples of hot-weather outdoor activities considered hygge include picnics, barbecues, concerts, street fairs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
In Lindsey Robert's article "6 Ways to get that Hygge feeling, even in the Summer Swelter", she suggests giving furniture a second life, adding plants indoors, cleaning one's space, alternating textile, picking statement pieces, and designing outdoor areas.Hygge also influences jails in Denmark. In "Hygge: Food and the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
The concept of hygge has been adopted in countries outside of Denmark. For instance, in an article called "Home with Hygge", Broyles says that Americans often dream of bigger things, and yet, per the World Happiness Report, rank only eighteenth, while Danes consistently rank in the top three. Some have begun to incorpo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
Collins English Dictionary named hygge the runner-up (after Brexit) as word of the year in the UK in 2016. This followed a period during which several books focusing on hygge had been marketed in the UK, such as Meik Wiking's The Little Book of Hygge, Marie Tourell Søderberg's Hygge: The Danish Art of Happiness, and Lo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
The Dutch words gezellig and gezelligheid have a similar concept to hygge, also pertaining to comfort and cosiness, but the Dutch words are often more socially oriented. In German Gemütlichkeit means the state of warmth, friendliness and belonging. The Norwegian adjective koselig is used to describe a feeling of warmth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygge |
Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) is a condition that results in a mild impairment of the cell's ability to respond to androgens. The degree of impairment is sufficient to impair spermatogenesis and / or the development of secondary sexual characteristics at puberty in males, but does not affect genital diffe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
Individuals with mild (or minimal) androgen insensitivity syndrome (grade 1 on the Quigley scale) are born phenotypically male, with fully masculinized genitalia; this category of androgen insensitivity is diagnosed when the degree of androgen insensitivity in an individual with a 46,XY karyotype is great enough to imp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
It is estimated that 2-3% of infertile men have AR gene mutations. It's also estimated that MAIS is responsible for 40% of male infertility.Examples of MAIS phenotypes include isolated infertility (oligospermia or azoospermia), mild gynecomastia in young adulthood, decreased secondary terminal hair, high pitched voice,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
Internal genitalia, including Wolffian structures (the epididymides, vasa deferentia, and seminal vesicles) and the prostate, is also normal, although the bitesticular volume of infertile men (both with and without MAIS) is diminished; male infertility is associated with reduced bitesticular volume, varicocele, retract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), also known as Kennedy's disease, is a severe neurodegenerative syndrome that is associated with a particular mutation of the androgen receptor's polyglutamine tract called a trinucleotide repeat expansion. SBMA results when the length of the polyglutamine tract exceeds 40 repe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
Disease onset, which usually affects the proximal musculature first, occurs in the third to fifth decades of life, and is often preceded by muscular cramps on exertion, tremor of the hands, and elevated muscle creatine kinase. SBMA is often misdiagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (also known as Lou Gehrig's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
All forms of androgen insensitivity are associated with infertility, though exceptions have been reported for both the mild and partial forms. Lifespan is not thought to be affected by AIS. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
The androgen receptor gene contains two polymorphic trinucleotide microsatellites in exon 1. The first microsatellite (nearest the 5' end) contains 8 to 60 repetitions of the glutamine codon "CAG" and is thus known as the polyglutamine tract. The second microsatellite contains 4 to 31 repetitions of the glycine codon "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
Disease states are associated with extremes in polyglutamine tract length; prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and intellectual disabilities are associated with too few repetitions, while spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is associated with a CAG repetition length of 40 or more. Some studies indicate tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
MAIS is only diagnosed in normal phenotypic males, and is not typically investigated except in cases of male infertility. MAIS has a mild presentation that often goes unnoticed and untreated; even with semenological, clinical and laboratory data, it can be difficult to distinguish between men with and without MAIS, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
Due to its mild presentation, MAIS often goes unnoticed and untreated. Management of MAIS is currently limited to symptomatic management; methods to correct a malfunctioning androgen receptor protein that result from an AR gene mutation are not currently available. Treatment includes surgical correction of mild gynecom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
As is the case with PAIS, men with MAIS will experience side effects from androgen therapy (such as the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis) at a higher dosage than unaffected men. Careful monitoring is required to ensure the safety and efficacy of treatment. Regular breast and prostate examinations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome |
Maize miller is the processing of maize (corn) for safe and palatable consumption as food. Processing can be by machine-milling in either large- or small-scale mills, or by hand-milling in domestic or community settings. The maize is first cleaned and then "conditioned", or "tempered", by soaking the kernels in water. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize_milling |
Cleaning and conditioning of the maize is an important step in the process and refers to the removal of foreign material and all that is not maize kernels from the to-be milled grain that lowers the quality of the product such as husk, straw, dust, sand, and everything too big or too small and lighter than a maize kern... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize_milling |
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