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Literature has an important place in the Kotava-speaking community. There are hundreds of translations of novels (Leo Tolstoy, Émile Zola, Guy de Maupassant, Octave Mirbeau, Albert Camus, Molière, Mikhail Sholokhov, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Victor Hugo, etc.), tales (La Fontaine, Charles Perrault, Brothers Grimm, Hans... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotava |
In Les Tétraèdres ("The Tetrahedra", a novel in French by Yurani Andergan, Verintuva, ISBN 978-2-9536310-0-5, 1274 p. ), a wide historical and fantastic fresco, Kotava is the spoken language that Neanderthals transmitted in secret to their descendants for many generations and is recited by some heroines as long oracles... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotava |
From "The Princess and the Pea" by Hans Christian Andersen: Lekeon tiyir sersikye djukurese va sersikya, va sersanyikya. Ta da vaon trasir, va tawava anamelapiyir vexe kotviele koncoba me dojeniayar ; sersikya, jontika tiyid, vexe kas tiyid sersanyikya ? Batcoba tiyir voldrikafa karolara, kotviele koncoba ok arcoba nuv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotava |
Gabenapaf in dimdenlapiyir, va sersanyikya loeke co-djudiyir. Once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would have to be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotava |
There were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were real ones. There was always something about them that was not as it should be. So he came home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess.The Lord's Prayer: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights:Kot ay... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotava |
Va ova is jiluca sodir isen kottan is artan va sint beron gotegid. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotava |
The cabaña pasiega is a type of mixed popular architecture (housing-livestock building called a housebarn), typical of the Cantabrian mountains, above all, from the upper valleys of Asón and Pas, whose contrasted origin dates back to the 16th century. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaña_pasiega |
Usually it is a warehouse buildings, divided into two levels, with support in the perimeter walls and in one or two pillars of the watershed of the roof. Are built on good-sized masonry, with limestone of the place, with roofs of slate flagstones. The access to ground floor, used as a stable for animals, is made direct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaña_pasiega |
The upper floor, usually entitled to housing or warehouse, usually accessed through a Patín, consistent, in the most ancient examples, in a step ladder of slab, with a terrace or landing, which is usually covered with an extension of the eaves cover. Sometimes, when the cabin is on steep slope, is made from the side ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaña_pasiega |
These cabins were always linked to a livestock farm, and to the Pasiego system of transterminance called mudas between low areas and urbanizadas in the valleys, and high grasslands. In the warm season, the cattle were taken to these high fresh meadows, called branizas, for the summer, the family moved to the cabin duri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaña_pasiega |
Kinesthetic sympathy is the state of having an emotional attachment to an object when it is in hand which one does not have when it is out of sight. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesthetic_sympathy |
The concept of kinesthetic sympathy is associated with John Martin, a dance critic. He introduced it in a New York Times article that discussed how the audience members respond to movements of the dancers on stage. Such response is said to transpire subconsciously. According to Martin, "when we see a human body moving,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesthetic_sympathy |
In 2003, a study was conducted by the National Study Group On Chronic Disorganization (NSGCD), the purpose of which was to collect data on the effectiveness of using special techniques with clients to avoid kinesthetic sympathy. Organizers working with chronically disorganized clients at their desks were asked to use t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesthetic_sympathy |
Patois (, pl. same or ) is speech or language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics. As such, patois can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects or vernaculars, but not commonly to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-based forms of cant. In colloquial usage of the term, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patois |
The term patois comes from Old French patois, 'local or regional dialect' (originally meaning 'rough, clumsy or uncultivated speech'), possibly from the verb patoier, 'to treat roughly', from patte, 'paw', from Old Low Franconian *patta, 'paw, sole of the foot', plus the suffix -ois. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patois |
In France and other Francophone countries, patois has been used to describe non-standard French and regional languages such as Picard, Occitan and Franco-Provençal, since 1643 and Catalan after 1700, when the king Louis XIV banned its use. The word assumes the view of such languages being backward, countrified and unle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patois |
It is noted especially in reference to Jamaican Patois from 1934. Jamaican Patois language comprises words of the native languages of the many ethnic and cultural groups within the Caribbean including Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Amerindian and English along with several African languages. Some islands have Creole dia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patois |
Jamaican Patois is also spoken in Costa Rica and French Creole is spoken in Caribbean countries such as Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana in South America. Often these patois are popularly considered "broken English" or slang, but cases such as Jamaican Patois are classified with more correctness as a Creole language; in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patois |
Its dialects often contain folk-etymological derivatives of French words, for example lavier ("river, stream") which is a syncopated variant of the standard French phrase la rivière ("the river") but has been identified by folk etymology with laver, "to wash"; therefore lavier is interpreted to mean "a place to wash" (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patois |
Dominican, Grenadian, St. Lucian, Trinidadian and Venezuelan speakers of Antillean Creole call the language patois. It is also named Patuá in the Paria Peninsula of Venezuela and spoken since the eighteenth century by self-colonization of French people (from Corsica) and Caribbean people (from Martinique, Trinidad, Gua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patois |
Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology and social outlook that emphasizes the intrinsic worth of the individual. Individualists promote realizing one's goals and desires, valuing independence and self-reliance, and advocating that the interests of the individual should gain precedence over th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
In the English language, the word individualism was first introduced as a pejorative by utopian socialists such as the Owenites in the late 1830s, although it is unclear if they were influenced by Saint-Simonianism or came up with it independently. A more positive use of the term in Britain came to be used with the wri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
An individual is a person or any specific object in a collection. In the 15th century and earlier, and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics, individual means "indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meaning "a person" as in "the problem of proper names". Fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
The principle of individuation, or principium individuationis, describes the manner in which a thing is identified as distinguished from other things. For Carl Jung, individuation is a process of transformation, whereby the personal and collective unconscious is brought into consciousness (by means of dreams, active im... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
In L'individuation psychique et collective, Gilbert Simondon developed a theory of individual and collective individuation in which the individual subject is considered as an effect of individuation rather than a cause. Thus, the individual atom is replaced by a never-ending ontological process of individuation. Indivi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
The philosophy of Bernard Stiegler draws upon and modifies the work of Gilbert Simondon on individuation and also upon similar ideas in Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud. For Stiegler, "the I, as a psychic individual, can only be thought in relationship to we, which is a collective individual. The I is constituted ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Individualism holds that a person taking part in society attempts to learn and discover what his or her own interests are on a personal basis, without a presumed following of the interests of a societal structure (an individualist need not be an egoist). The individualist does not necessarily follow one particular phil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Independent thinking and opinion is a necessary trait of an individualist. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, claims that his concept of general will in The Social Contract is not the simple collection of individual wills and that it furthers the interests of the individual (the constraint of law itself would be beneficial for the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Global comparative studies have found that the world's cultures vary in the degree to which they emphasize individual autonomy, freedom and initiative (individualistic traits), respectively conformity to group norms, maintaining traditions and obedience to in-group authority (collectivistic traits). Cultural difference... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
The cultures of economically developed regions such as Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, North America and Western Europe are the most individualistic in the world. Middle income regions such as Eastern Europe, South America and mainland East Asia have cultures which are neither very individualistic nor very ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
According to an Oxford Dictionary, "competitive individualism" in sociology is "the view that achievement and non-achievement should depend on merit. Effort and ability are regarded as prerequisites of success. Competition is seen as an acceptable means of distributing limited resources and rewards. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Methodological individualism is the view that phenomena can only be understood by examining how they result from the motivations and actions of individual agents. In economics, people's behavior is explained in terms of rational choices, as constrained by prices and incomes. The economist accepts individuals' preferenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
anthropologists? phrenologists? sociobiologists?). On our preferred interpretation, one never reaches this impasse: the economist continues to search for differences in prices or incomes to explain any differences or changes in behavior. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Individualists are chiefly concerned with protecting individual autonomy against obligations imposed by social institutions (such as the state or religious morality). For L. Susan Brown, "Liberalism and anarchism are two political philosophies that are fundamentally concerned with individual freedom yet differ from one... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Civil libertarianism is not a complete ideology; rather, it is a collection of views on the specific issues of civil liberties and civil rights. Because of this, a civil libertarian outlook is compatible with many other political philosophies, and civil libertarianism is found on both the right and left in modern polit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Within anarchism, individualist anarchism represents several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and their will over any kinds of external determinants such as groups, society, traditions and ideological systems. Individualist anarchism is not a single philosophy but refers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Godwin advocated individualism, proposing that all cooperation in labour be eliminated on the premise that this would be most conducive with the general good.An influential form of individualist anarchism called egoism, or egoist anarchism, was expounded by one of the earliest and best-known proponents of individualist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
To Stirner, rights were spooks in the mind, and he held that society does not exist but "the individuals are its reality". Stirner advocated self-assertion and foresaw unions of egoists, non-systematic associations continually renewed by all parties' support through an act of will, which Stirner proposed as a form of o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Egoist anarchists claim that egoism will foster genuine and spontaneous union between individuals. Egoist anarchism has inspired many interpretations of Stirner's philosophy. It was re-discovered and promoted by German philosophical anarchist and LGBT activist John Henry Mackay. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Josiah Warren is widely regarded as the first American anarchist and The Peaceful Revolutionist, the four-page weekly paper he edited during 1833, was the first anarchist periodical published. For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster, "t is apparent that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the Uni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Henry David Thoreau was an important early influence in individualist anarchist thought in the United States and Europe. Thoreau was an American author, poet, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, philosopher and leading transcendentalist, who is best known for his book Walden, a reflection... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
From these early influences, anarchism and especially individualist anarchism was related to the issues of love and sex. In different countries, this attracted a small but diverse following of bohemian artists and intellectuals, free love and birth control advocates, individualist naturists nudists as in anarcho-naturi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
In his important essay The Soul of Man Under Socialism from 1891, Wilde defended socialism as the way to guarantee individualism and so he saw that "ith the abolition of private property, then, we shall have true, beautiful, healthy Individualism. Nobody will waste his life in accumulating things, and the symbols for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all". For anarchist historian George Woodcock, "Wilde's aim in The Soul of Man Under Socialism is to seek the society most favorable to the artist. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
for Wilde art is the supreme end, containing within itself enlightenment and regeneration, to which all else in society must be subordinated. Wilde represents the anarchist as aesthete". Woodcock finds that "he most ambitious contribution to literary anarchism during the 1890s was undoubtedly Oscar Wilde The Soul of Ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Autarchism promotes the principles of individualism, the moral ideology of individual liberty and self-reliance whilst rejecting compulsory government and supporting the elimination of government in favor of ruling oneself to the exclusion of rule by others. Robert LeFevre, recognized as an autarchist by anarcho-capita... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Liberalism is the belief in the importance of individual freedom. This belief is widely accepted in the United States, Europe, Australia and other Western nations, and was recognized as an important value by many Western philosophers throughout history, in particular since the Enlightenment. It is often rejected by col... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
John Locke is often credited with the philosophical foundations of classical liberalism, a political ideology inspired by the broader liberal movement . He wrote "no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions. "In the 17th century, liberal ideas began to influence European governments in nat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
In the 18th century, the first modern liberal state was founded without a monarch or a hereditary aristocracy in the United States of America. The US Declaration of Independence includes the words which echo Locke that "all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Egoist anarchism is a school of anarchist thought that originated in the philosophy of Max Stirner, a 19th-century Hegelian philosopher whose "name appears with familiar regularity in historically orientated surveys of anarchist thought as one of the earliest and best-known exponents of individualist anarchism." Accord... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Egoism has inspired many interpretations of Stirner's philosophy, but it has also gone beyond Stirner within anarchism. It was re-discovered and promoted by German philosophical anarchist and LGBT activist John Henry Mackay. John Beverley Robinson wrote an essay called "Egoism" in which he states that "Modern egoism, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Ethical egoism, also called simply egoism, is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people do only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also differs from rational egoism which holds merely that it is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an obligation to help and serve others. Egoism and altruism both contrast with ethical utilitarianism, which holds that a moral agent should treat one's self (also known as the subject) with no higher regard than one has for others (as e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Ethical egoism does not require moral agents to harm the interests and well-being of others when making moral deliberation, e.g. what is in an agent's self-interest may be incidentally detrimental, beneficial, or neutral in its effect on others. Individualism allows for others' interest and well-being to be disregarded... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Fleeting pleasance then takes a back seat to protracted eudaemonia. In the words of James Rachels, "thical egoism endorses selfishness, but it doesn't endorse foolishness. "Ethical egoism is sometimes the philosophical basis for support of libertarianism or individualist anarchism as in Max Stirner, although these can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Existentialism is a term applied to the work of a number of 19th- and 20th-century philosophers who generally held, despite profound doctrinal differences, that the focus of philosophical thought should be to deal with the conditions of existence of the individual person and his or her emotions, actions, responsibiliti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Freethought holds that individuals should not accept ideas proposed as truth without recourse to knowledge and reason. Thus, freethinkers strive to build their opinions on the basis of facts, scientific inquiry and logical principles, independent of any logical fallacies or intellectually limiting effects of authority,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Humanism is a perspective common to a wide range of ethical stances that attaches importance to human dignity, concerns, and capabilities, particularly rationality. Although the word has many senses, its meaning comes into focus when contrasted to the supernatural or to appeals to authority. Since the 19th century, hum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Philosophical hedonism is a meta-ethical theory of value which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good and pain is the only intrinsic bad. The basic idea behind hedonistic thought is that pleasure (an umbrella term for all inherently likable emotions) is the only thing that is good in and of itself or by its ve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
A libertine is one devoid of most moral restraints, which are seen as unnecessary or undesirable, especially one who ignores or even spurns accepted morals and forms of behaviour sanctified by the larger society. Libertines place value on physical pleasures, meaning those experienced through the senses. As a philosophy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Objectivism is a system of philosophy created by philosopher and novelist Ayn Rand which holds that reality exists independent of consciousness; human beings gain knowledge rationally from perception through the process of concept formation and inductive and deductive logic; the moral purpose of one's life is the pursu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Philosophical anarchism is an anarchist school of thought which contends that the state lacks moral legitimacy. In contrast to revolutionary anarchism, philosophical anarchism does not advocate violent revolution to eliminate it but advocates peaceful evolution to superate it. Although philosophical anarchism does not ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Philosophical anarchism is a component especially of individualist anarchism. Philosophical anarchists of historical note include Mohandas Gandhi, William Godwin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Max Stirner, Benjamin Tucker and Henry David Thoreau. Contemporary philosophical anarchists include A. John Simmons and Robert Paul W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Subjectivism is a philosophical tenet that accords primacy to subjective experience as fundamental of all measure and law. In extreme forms such as solipsism, it may hold that the nature and existence of every object depends solely on someone's subjective awareness of it. In the proposition 5.632 of the Tractatus Logic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
One can also hold that it is consciousness rather than perception that is reality (subjective idealism). In probability, a subjectivism stands for the belief that probabilities are simply degrees-of-belief by rational agents in a certain proposition and which have no objective reality in and of themselves. Ethical subj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
The most common forms of ethical subjectivism are also forms of moral relativism, with moral standards held to be relative to each culture or society, i.e. cultural relativism, or even to every individual. The latter view, as put forward by Protagoras, holds that there are as many distinct scales of good and evil as th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Horst Matthai Quelle was a Spanish language German anarchist philosopher influenced by Max Stirner. Quelle argued that since the individual gives form to the world, he is those objects, the others and the whole universe. One of his main views was a "theory of infinite worlds" which for him was developed by pre-socratic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Solipsism is the philosophical idea that only one's own mind is sure to exist. The term comes from Latin solus ("alone") and ipse ("self"). Solipsism as an epistemological position holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind is unsure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
The external world and other minds cannot be known, and might not exist outside the mind. As a metaphysical position, solipsism goes further to the conclusion that the world and other minds do not exist. Solipsism is the only epistemological position that, by its own postulate, is both irrefutable and yet indefensible ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
The doctrine of economic individualism holds that each individual should be allowed autonomy in making his or her own economic decisions as opposed to those decisions being made by the community, the corporation or the state for him or her. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Liberalism is a political ideology that developed in the 19th century in the Americas, England and Western Europe. It followed earlier forms of liberalism in its commitment to personal freedom and popular government, but differed from earlier forms of liberalism in its commitment to classical economics and free markets... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Libertarianism upholds liberty as a core principle. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, emphasizing free association, freedom of choice, individualism and voluntary association. Libertarianism shares a skepticism of authority and state power, but libertarians diverge on the scope of their oppo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Left-libertarianism represents several related yet distinct approaches to politics, society, culture and political and social theory which stress both individual and political freedom alongside social justice. Unlike right-libertarians, left-libertarians believe that neither claiming nor mixing one's labor with natural... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Geolibertarianism, an American synthesis of libertarianism and Georgism. Left-wing market anarchism, stressing the socially transformative potential of non-aggression and anti-capitalist freed markets. Steiner–Vallentyne school, named after Hillel Steiner and Peter Vallentyne, whose proponents draw conclusions from cla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Right-libertarianism represents either non-collectivist forms of libertarianism or a variety of different libertarian views that scholars label to the right of libertarianism such as libertarian conservatism. Related terms include conservative libertarianism, libertarian capitalism and right-wing libertarianism. In the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
With regard to economic questions within individualist socialist schools such as individualist anarchism, there are adherents to mutualism (Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Émile Armand and early Benjamin Tucker); natural rights positions (early Benjamin Tucker, Lysander Spooner and Josiah Warren); and egoistic disrespect for "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Libertarian socialism, sometimes dubbed left-libertarianism and socialist libertarianism, is an anti-authoritarian, anti-statist and libertarian tradition within the socialist movement that rejects the state socialist conception of socialism as a statist form where the state retains centralized control of the economy. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Mutualism is an anarchist school of thought which can be traced to the writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who envisioned a socialist society where each person possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market. Integral to the sche... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Plato emphasized that individuals must adhere to laws and perform duties while declining to grant individuals rights to limit or reject state interference in their lives.German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel criticized individualism by claiming that human self-consciousness relies on recognition from others,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
The anarchist writer and bohemian Oscar Wilde wrote in his famous essay The Soul of Man under Socialism that "Art is individualism, and individualism is a disturbing and disintegrating force. There lies its immense value. For what it seeks is to disturb monotony of type, slavery of custom, tyranny of habit, and the red... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
For anarchist historian George Woodcock, "Wilde's aim in The Soul of Man under Socialism is to seek the society most favorable to the artist, for Wilde art is the supreme end, containing within itself enlightenment and regeneration, to which all else in society must be subordinated. Wilde represents the anarchist as a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
As a credo, individualist anarchism remained largely a bohemian lifestyle, most conspicuous in its demands for sexual freedom ('free love') and enamored of innovations in art, behavior, and clothing. "In relation to this view of individuality, French individualist anarchist Émile Armand advocated egoistical denial of s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
It is this desire, this will, not only to live, but also to reproduce oneself, which we shall call 'activity. '"In the book Imperfect Garden: The Legacy of Humanism, humanist philosopher Tzvetan Todorov identifies individualism as an important current of socio-political thought within modernity and as examples of it he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
In Baudelaire, he finds the dandy trait in which one searches to cultivate "the idea of beauty within oneself, of satisfying one's passions of feeling and thinking. "The Russian-American poet Joseph Brodsky once wrote that "he surest defense against Evil is extreme individualism, originality of thinking, whimsicality, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Ralph Waldo Emerson famously declared that "hoso would be a man must be a nonconformist" – a point of view developed at length in both the life and work of Henry David Thoreau. Equally memorable and influential on Walt Whitman is Emerson's idea that "a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of small minds, adored by litt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
Pope Leo XIII's letter Testem benevolentiae nostrae condemned 'Americanism', which is associated with individualism.People in Western countries tend to be more individualistic than communitarian. The authors of one study proposed that this difference is due in part to the influence of the Catholic Church in the Middle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism |
The Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée (or MOM) is a research body in Lyon, France, that specialises in the Mediterranean and the Middle East and the first steps of humanity. It is dedicated to its founder, historian Jean Pouilloux. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_l'Orient_et_de_la_Méditerranée |
Anne Schmitt, CNRS, took over directorship from Rémy Boucharlat on 1 January 2011 and conducts research programs within the Archéométrie et archéologie laboratory - UMR 5138 of the MOM. Nathalie Donjon serves as secretary general since 2007 after being recruited in 1988 and attached to the CNRS research administration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_l'Orient_et_de_la_Méditerranée |
Founded in 1975, MOM's activity has been characterised by a multidisciplinary working approach. It employs 350 people: archaeologists, epigraphists, historians, with the help of physicists, chemists and geologists. Geographers, political scientists and architects are also employed. It is classed as a research federatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_l'Orient_et_de_la_Méditerranée |
HiSoMA, History and Sources of the ancient world: UMR 5189 CNRS. Archéorient, Environments and societies of the ancient East: UMR 5133 CNRS. GREMMO, Group Research and Studies on the Mediterranean and the Middle East: UMR 5195 CNRS. Archaeometry and Archaeology, originally dating and Materials Technology: HiSoMA-UMR 51... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_l'Orient_et_de_la_Méditerranée |
APRI, Institute of Research onancient architecture: UMR 6222 CNRS, Lyon office. Romanitas: Young team 2409. Centre Jean Palerne: host team 3067, Saint Etienne. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_l'Orient_et_de_la_Méditerranée |
Marshall Hall FRS (18 February 1790 – 11 August 1857) was an English physician, physiologist and early neurologist. His name is attached to the theory of reflex arc mediated by the spinal cord, to a method of resuscitation of drowned people, and to the elucidation of function of capillary vessels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(physiologist) |
Hall was born on 18 February 1790 at Basford, near Nottingham, England, where his father, Robert Hall, was a cotton manufacturer. He was a brother of the inventor Samuel Hall. Having attended the Rev. J. Blanchard's academy at Nottingham, he entered a chemists shop at Newark-on-Trent, and in 1809 began to study medicin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(physiologist) |
In 1811 he was elected senior president of the Royal Medical Society; the following year he took the M.D. degree, and was immediately appointed resident house physician to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. This appointment he resigned after two years, when he visited Paris and its medical schools, and, on a walking tour, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(physiologist) |
In 1817, when he settled at Nottingham, he published his Diagnosis, and in 1818 he wrote the Mimoses, a work on the affections denominated bilious, nervous, &c. The next year he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and in 1825 he became physician to the Nottingham general hospital. In 1826 he removed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(physiologist) |
An experiment should never be performed if the necessary information could be obtained by observations No experiment should be performed without a clearly defined and obtainable, objective Scientists should be well-informed about the work of their predecessors and peers to avoid unnecessary repetition of an experiment ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(physiologist) |
In this theory, he stated that the spinal cord is comprised by a chain of units that functions as an independent reflex arcs, and their activity integrates sensory and motor nerves at the segment of the spinal cord from which these nerves originate. He proposed in addition that those arcs are interconnected and interac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(physiologist) |
Hall thus became the authority on the multiform deranged states of health referable to an abnormal condition of the nervous system, and he gained a large practice. Hall also published books on neurological diseases including stroke (apoplexy) and epilepsy.In Asphyxia, its Rationale and its Remedy (1856), Hall developed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(physiologist) |
He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1853.He died at Brighton of a throat infection, aggravated by lecturing, on 11 August 1857 and was buried in Nottingham. One of his grandsons was the musician Marshall Hall. ;) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(physiologist) |
Hall was a devout Christian who believed in the divinity of Christ. A collection of his religious thoughts on his journals and letters was collected by his widow in the biographical book Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow. There, he is quoted speaking about Christ: To meditate on Him who is my Saviour – to be, to l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(physiologist) |
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