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Toronto- Worries and anxiety over the Covid-19 pandemic can impair basic cognitive functions, leading to poorer decision making, delays in mental processing speed, and alteration of the perception of risk, finds a study.
The study led by researchers at McGill University and The Neuro - Montreal Neurological Institute - Hospital surveyed 1,517 people to assess the lingering impacts of the pandemic on a combination of cognitive tasks, targeting vital brain functions such as processing and maintaining information, The Times of Israel reported.
"The impairments associated with worry observed here suggest that under periods of high stress, like a global pandemic, our ability to think, plan, and evaluate risks is altered," Kevin da Silva Castanheira, the lead author of the study and a graduate student in McGill's Department of Psychology, was quoted as saying.
The survey asked subjects to rate their concerns over Covid-19, and then challenged them with various cognitive tests and compared the results to pre-pandemic samples. The tests measured things like reaction to stimuli - the ability to process and interpret information, and risk assessment.
The results showed that people who felt higher rates of fear or worry related to the pandemic did not perform as highly on simple cognitive tasks, and were more likely to experience "reduced information processing speed, ability to retain information needed to perform tasks, and heightened sensitivity to the odds they were given when taking risks".
"The impact of stress and of worry on cognitive function are well known, but are typically studied in the laboratory setting," said Madeleine Sharp, a neurologist at The Neuro. "Here, we're able to extend these findings by studying the effects of a real-world stressor in a large sample."
The findings are consistent with a study by Israeli researchers which showed that children experienced more stress as a result of the pandemic, exhibited unhealthy social and dietary habits, and were even prone to higher rates of violence, the report said.
Read More► Ancient Gout Drug May Cut Covid-Related Death by 50%: Study
Are you an Ayurveda doctor? Download our App from Google PlayStore now!
Download NirogStreet App for Ayurveda Doctors. Discuss cases with other doctors, share insights and experiences, read research papers and case studies. Get Free Consultation 9625991603 | 9625991607 | 8595299366
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1 I do not know the young man; he is said to be of good family and rich, but I never trust to vague assertions.
The Count of Monte Cristo By Alexandre DumasContext Highlight In Chapter 85. The Journey.
2 The brigadier, followed by the commissary, disappeared by the inside staircase, accompanied by the noise which his assertions respecting Andrea had excited in the crowd.
The Count of Monte Cristo By Alexandre DumasContext Highlight In Chapter 98. The Bell and Bottle Tavern.
3 They had answered his melancholy and mourning by sympathy and sorrow; his assertions, by gestures of confirmation; and his boasting, with the exultation of savages.
The Last of the Mohicans By James Fenimore CooperContext Highlight In CHAPTER 11
4 However, we make no assertions on this point.
Les Misérables (V1) By Victor HugoContext Highlight In BOOK 1: CHAPTER VII—CRAVATTE
5 These assertions so prevailed with the commons that they began to hold meetings and to raise what tumults they liked throughout the city.
Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius By Niccolo MachiavelliContext Highlight In BOOK 1: CHAPTER VIII.
6 Kennicott asserted that Westlake and McGanum and their contaminated families were tricky, but Carol had found them gracious.
7 She asserted that it proved him to be a man of the bold free West.
8 In reading popular stories and seeing plays, asserted Carol, she had found only two traditions of the American small town.
9 For a second she unreasoningly wanted to avoid him, but she kept on, and she serenely talked about God, whose voice, Hugh asserted, made the humming in the telegraph wires.
10 Her mirror had asserted that she looked exactly as she had in college, that her throat was smooth, her collar-bone not very noticeable.
11 She could, she asserted, endure a shabby but modest town; the town shabby and egomaniac she could not endure.
12 Kennicott had asserted that the villager's lack of courtesy is due to his poverty.
13 Her enthusiasm, and her violent likes and dislikes, asserted themselves in all the everyday occupations of life.
14 "You are too lenient, too lenient by far, Leonce," asserted the Colonel.
15 And when the auditor had asserted his non-comprehension, he would proceed to elucidate by some new proposition, yet more appalling.
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Selecting the most appropriate resources
Reading, skimming and scanning, extracting information, questioning, evaluating resources for scope, language level, currency, bias, differentiates between primary & secondary resources, applies analytical skills, interprets data, makes informed choices.
Is the information I found trash or treasure?
1.Is the information useful?
2.What can I leave out?
3.What Information do I keep?
4.Do I trust my resources?
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When you have an ankle sprain, it means that one of the ligaments connecting your bones together has stretched or torn — usually due to some form of trauma. Ankle sprains can occur in daily life, sports, and other physical activities, or as a result of an occupational hazard. Common sources of sprains include ankle sprains from losing balance on stairs or after a jump, wrist sprains from catching yourself after a fall, or knee sprains from improper pivots. At Foot & Ankle Speciality Group in Rancho Santa Margarita, ankle sprains are diagnosed quickly and a treatment plan laid out for each individual patient.
Symptoms of a Sprain
- Pain: It’s rare to have a sprain without having any pain when moving the affected joint. Paying close attention to where exactly you’re feeling the pain can help distinguish between sprains, strains, fractures, and other forms of injury.
- Bruising: You’ll typically see some amount of bruising with serious sprains, especially those which affect less padded joints such as your ankle. Sprains more obscured by other tissues and bone (for example, a sprained knee) may only show slight redness or no coloring at all.
- Swelling: Swelling is almost inevitable with a sprain and can be the first sign that you have a real injury. Often the swelling will occur before pain, bruising, or other symptoms.
- Limited motion: Depending on the severity of your sprain, you may have difficulty moving the affected joint due to pain or serious stretching of the ligament. The more limited your motion is, the more you should consider seeing a doctor.
- Tenderness: Mild sprains are often characterized only by tenderness: a bit of over-sensitivity to weight or touch, but not much else.
- “Pop” feeling or sound: It’s extremely common for the moment of a sprain to be accompanied by an audible popping sound from the affected joint. In fact, it can be one of the easiest ways to determine a sprain has occurred instead of a different injury. You may feel a pop when you sprain a ligament, even if you don’t hear one.
- Inflammation: Simple inflammation of the nearby tissues is nearly inevitable with a sprain, even a mild one.
- Inability to support weight: Sometimes your first sign of injury won’t be pain or swelling, but a joint that refuses to support any weight.
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CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND IGBO TENSE FORMATION
This study examines the tense formation of the English and Igbo languages with a view to predicting the interference problems a learner of either language as a second language will encounter while forming tenses in the target language. The English and the Igbo languages differ in structure in many respects. As a result of these differences, the native speakers of both languages, transfer the features of the native language to the target language while forming tenses in the target language. Hence, it is quite obvious that interference from a learner’s native language is a source of error in the new language.
Disclaimer: By purchasing this Research Project Material, YOU agree to use it ONLY as a GUIDE to conduct your own academic research.
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On Easter 1903, the Jewish community of Kishinev, a city in the Bessarabian province of Russia, endured a pogrom during which a mob murdered 49 Jews and wounded thousands. The violence, which had the backing of the czar’s government and the police, took place as 5,000 Russian soldiers stood by in the city and did nothing.The brutality of the slaughter shocked the world and galvanized the Jews of Eastern Europe to either organize self-defense groups or leave their homes for the Land of Israel or the United States. The Jewish Historical Commission of Odessa sent Haim Nahman Bialik – who would later become known as the poet of the Jewish national renaissance and a hero of the Zionist movement – to Kishinev in the wake of the pogrom. The Odessa organization wanted Bialik to collect eyewitness accounts of the violence, to photograph the survivors, the dead and the damage, and to gather documents that could be used in a Russian court against the pogrom’s instigators.After returning from Kishinev, Bialik wrote a lament and protest against the slaughter in the city. In his 1904 poem “In the City of Slaughter,” Bialik fiercely denounced the Jews’ passivity in the face of the massacre. He condemned the Jews for not fighting the Russian peasants who attacked them and raped their wives and daughters. Bialik, in anger, condemned “the sons of the Maccabees” who hid themselves from the Russian peasants and waited, “concealed and cowering.”The writer is on the faculty of the Lifelong Learning Institute of Nova Southeastern University in Davie, Florida.For the Zionist poet, the Jews of Eastern Europe had forgotten the great triumph of the forces of Judah Maccabee. That triumph was not only one of defending religious freedom and celebrating miracles, but of founding a sovereign Jewish kingdom that endured for more than a century. The Zionists found in the Maccabees a model in history that would inspire the young Jews of the shtetl to rise up and found a new sovereign state for the Jews in the Land of Israel. They transformed Hanukka from a religious holiday celebrating a miracle into a call for national revival. Max Nordau and Ahad Ha’am – two Zionist leaders who usually never agreed on anything – did agree that the Hanukka story was central to the ideology of the growing movement and to the destiny of the Jewish people.But I would argue that the Maccabee rebellion has an even stronger connection to Zionism and the modern State of Israel. This connection between two great revolutions in Jewish history is one of authority of Jewish leadership and the Jewish State. The authority of the Maccabees in ancient Judea was not rooted in tradition but in the reality of politics and war.The Hasmonean rulers – Hasmon was a distant ancestor of the Maccabees, hence the name “Hasmoneans” – seized the position of High Priest from the Zadokites. The descendants of Zadok had been the High Priests in the Jerusalem Temple since the time of Solomon. In the aftermath of victory, the Maccabees took this position for themselves and, initially, had the widespread support of the Jews in the Land of Israel.A descendant of the Maccabees, Alexander Yannai (Janneus), also claimed the kingship of the Hasmonean state – despite the tradition that the king of Israel was supposed to be a descendant of King David, not a priest. Again, the Maccabee claim of authority was rooted not in Jewish tradition or the Bible but in the reality of power politics. The Maccabees were the vanguard in the war against the Hellenist overlords and were the victors in that rebellion. Their authority was rooted in the reality of victory. While the Hasmonean dynasty certainly believed that God sanctioned their kingdom, the claim to leadership was truly revolutionary.The same can be said for Israel today. While the Jewish claim to the Land of Israel is based on the intimate historical, religious and cultural ties of the Jews to Eretz Yisrael, the ultimate authority of the Jewish state is based on the reality of modern politics. The wars of European national liberation of more than a century ago, the Balfour Declaration of 1917, the UN Partition of 1947, and the incredible victory of Jewish forces in the War of Independence – these are the roots of the authority of the modern Jewish state. While the Jewish component of Zionism has always been critical to the movement’s success, the reality is that the Zionists were revolutionaries in the mold of the Maccabees. In many ways, Israel stands as a rebellion against traditional Jewish understandings of authority. The modern Jewish state’s adoption of democracy – a form of politics that is not inherently Jewish – is a rebellion against the ancient notion that the best form of government for Jews is a theocracy based on the rule of Torah law.The Zionists rebelled against the theology of passivity bred by the rabbinic suppression of messianic activism. Just as the Maccabees eventually adopted the politics of the Hellenistic world around them – this was not a betrayal of the struggle against the Hellenists but a bold move that preserved the power of the Hasmonean kingdom – the State of Israel today has based its authority on the democratic nation-states of the world.No doubt the poet Bialik was right – the sons of the Maccabees had to rediscover the power that made their ancestors great warriors. To do so meant that Zionists – like the Maccabees – had to rebel against tradition and traditional modes of authority.Hanukka is a celebration of God’s miracles. But it also reaffirms the reality that Jewish survival must be rooted in political action in the hands of the Jews themselves.
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NEW YORK (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - In a world of data-driven policies, there is one group in society that barely registers and is at risk of missing out on crucial resources and services, according to researchers - older women.
Much international data, including metrics on health, employment, assets and domestic violence, appears to back up the anecdotal view that women become invisible in middle age. The data sets start at the age of 15 and stop abruptly at 49.
Experts said the limited age framework stems from a focus on women of reproductive age, assumptions about the limited economic role of older women and age discrimination that overlooks sexuality and violence in older women’s lives.
Advocacy groups lobbying for wider data collection say only slow and limited progress is being made in surveys to track the status of older people, both women and men.
“The fact that the world is aging, and aging rapidly, is something we can no longer afford to ignore,” Cailin Crockett, special assistant for gender policy and elder rights at the U.S. Department of Health, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Already there are more than 850 million people globally over the age of 60, a number projected to swell to 1 billion in the next 10 years and 2 billion by 2050 - rising to 22 percent of the world population, according to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).
Women, who tend to live longer than men, will represent the majority of them. In 2050, the United Nations projects that globally there will be 85 men per 100 women over the age of 60 and 61 men per 100 women over the age of 80.
Eighty percent of older people in 2050 will live in developing nations where a lack of data could hamper the creation of policies not only to assist them but to help tap into the social and economic contributions they can make.
Although older men sometimes fare better than women in terms of data collection, older people of both sexes are often overlooked in humanitarian emergencies due to a lack of metrics.
Crockett said adding older people to research will not be easy. “It would take an extraordinary amount of money to deploy the resources and human capital needed to expand those surveys,” she said.
This would be true of amending the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), a program begun in 1984 and funded largely by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), that has given technical assistance to surveys in some 90 mainly developing countries.
The surveys, that measure a broad array of factors affecting the social, economic and environmental status of people, include women only between the ages of 15 and 49.
The findings are routinely used by governments, NGOs, and U.N. agencies to target resources to issues ranging from battling malaria and HIV/AIDS to preventing malnutrition and domestic violence.
Susan Markham, senior coordinator for gender equality and women’s empowerment at USAID, said any expansion of the data to include older people would require additional U.S. government funding or a decision to cut some existing data sets.
“THE FACE IN THE MIRROR”
The age of 49 coincides with the generally accepted end of a woman’s child-bearing years, but hardly with the end of life and exposure to both opportunity and risk. Today, women over 49 account for nearly a quarter of the world’s population.
“Older women are us. Older women are the face in the mirror whether it’s today or 20 years from now,” Kathy Greenlee, assistant secretary for aging at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services told the United Nations last month.
But the aging population is not reflected in data collection.
For example, research on gender-based violence in conflict zones ends at the age of 49 - although the problems do not, said Bethany Brown, policy director at the charity HelpAge USA.
She said even discussions of adding new measurements of sexual and other violence against women and girls to the United Nations’ post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) propose limiting research to between the ages of 15 and 49.
“HIV prevalence data also currently stops at 49. It’s crazy. How can we possibly think that we are going to have these global plans to eradicate HIV infection when we have this large group that isn’t even being surveyed,” said Brown.
So far progress in getting older women - and men - acknowledged in data research has been slow.
In 2013, HelpAge International and Britain’s University of Southampton launched the Global AgeWatch Index, which tracks the status of men and women over 60 years in 96 countries in terms of income security, health services, education, employment and social support.
As Kate Bunting, CEO at HelpAge USA, said last month at the U.N. Commission on the Status of Women, there is a critical “need for data to make sure older women are not invisible anymore, to make older women count - and be sure they are counted.”
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Slaves of the 1800’s rarely ventured far from home during their lifetime, but not Bill Yopp, a native of Laurens County, Georgia. Serving in the American Civil War, Bill witnessed some of the bloodiest conflicts and some say he was at Appomattox.
Afterwards, he share cropped, moved to Macon and took a job at the Brown House Hotel where he met influential men of the State. Bill accompanied the owner of the hotel to Connecticut, worked in New York City, then took a position with the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, was employed in California, visited Europe, worked for the president of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad and also the United States Navy.
An aging Bill Yopp returned to Georgia to work for the Central of Georgia Railroad. During World War I, Bill lived at Camp Wheeler, where he won the admiration of the officers there, who presented him with a gold watch upon his departure. The editor of "The Macon Telegraph" helped Bill in a 1919 fund raising campaign for the residents of the Confederate Soldier’s Home. Bill published book about his life, with all proceeds going to the old soldiers.
Bill’s life-long friend Captain Thomas Yopp died in January of 1920, and Bill, in his eighties, gave the eulogy. Bill died after June 3, 1936 and was buried in Marietta, Georgia among many of the men he had served with. His gravestone, provided by the State of Georgia reads: DRUMMER BILL YOPP, CO. H, 14TH GA. INF., C.S.A.
John Wayne Dobson
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It has been long debated as to what caused woolly mammoths to go extinct, from blaming humans, to extremely cold temperature drops. And now, a new study has claimed that climate change – specifically, the ground being too wet – may have been the actual cause of the woolly mammoths going extinct.
Geneticists analyzed ancient environmental DNA that was collected from the arctic over a 20-year period. These samples included animal and plant remains from soil samples where bones of woolly mammoths had previously been found. They were able to sequence DNA from 1,500 plants found in the Arctic.
Based on their analysis, the researchers claimed that when the icebergs melted, the ground became too wet which destroyed the vegetation that woolly mammoths depended on for their food source; therefore, leading to their demise. This was a ten-year research project that was led by Professor Eske Willerslev, a Fellow of St John's College, University of Cambridge, and director of The Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, University of Copenhagen.
Professor Willerslev described their findings in further detail, “We have finally been able to prove was that it was not just the climate changing that was the problem, but the speed of it that was the final nail in the coffin—they were not able to adapt quickly enough when the landscape dramatically transformed and their food became scarce.” “As the climate warmed up, trees and wetland plants took over and replaced the mammoth's grassland habitats...” Woolly mammoths fed on grass, plants, small shrubs, and flowers.
Dr. Yucheng Wang, who is a Research Associate at the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, weighed in by noting, “The most recent Ice Age—called the Pleistocene—ended 12,000 years ago when the glaciers began to melt and the roaming range of the herds of mammoths decreased. It was thought that mammoths began to go extinct then but we also found they actually survived beyond the Ice Age all in different regions of the Arctic and into the Holocene—the time that we are currently living in—far longer than scientists realized.” “When the climate got wetter and the ice began to melt it led to the formation of lakes, rivers, and marshes. The ecosystem changed and the biomass of the vegetation reduced and would not have been able to sustain the herds of mammoths. We have shown that climate change, specifically precipitation, directly drives the change in the vegetation—humans had no impact on them at all based on our models.”
Their study was published in Nature.
Whatever the reason was for their extinction, they may be on their way back as a new de-extinction company called Colossal stated that they are hoping to resurrect the woolly mammoth within the next six years.
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We are ready to kick off our first blog series: Mental Health Diagnoses! We will be covering eighteen of the nineteen classes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5. Before we get started, let us cover some general background information.
What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5?
The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) was published in 2013. The American Psychiatric Association developed this manual along with the previous editions. The manual is meant to assist helping professionals accurately diagnose clients. Accurate diagnosis safeguards the selection of appropriate clinical assessments and the development of applicable treatment plans.
What are the classes of disorders listed within the DSM-5?
How does diagnosis using the DSM-5 work?
First, the manual defines the major classes of disorders. Then, each individual disorder is distinguished through specific characteristics or criteria. The manual goes on to describe diagnostic features; prevalence; development and course; risk and prognostic factors; gender and culture related diagnostic issues; diagnostic markers; differential diagnosis; and comorbidity for each disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2013).
Diagnosis depends on the individual meeting the minimum criteria, or characteristics, specific to each individual disorder. Diagnoses can be further specified based on the presence and/or the severity of additional symptoms. Some of these specifications include mild, moderate, or severe; with mixed features; in full remission; and so forth. “Each disorder is accompanied by an identifying diagnostic and statistical code, which is typically used by institutions and agencies for data collection and billing purposes” (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). When an individual meets the majority of the criteria for a diagnosis, but not all of them, “provisional” is added to the end of the diagnostic code. This diagnosis continues to be provisional until additional information is gathered, more time has passed, or whatever required condition is met in order to confirm the diagnosis.
Let us consider Major Depressive Disorder, or MDD. The DSM-5 categorizes MDD through five main Criterion, A through E, with Criteria A having nine sub-criteria. In order to diagnose an individual with Major Depressive Disorder, they have to meet five of the nine sub-criteria listed under Criteria A in addition to meeting the characteristics described in Criterion B through E. MDD can be further specified as mild, moderate, or severe.
What classifies something as a mental disorder?
The American Psychiatric Association classifies mental disorders as “a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other important activities” (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2013).
What is mental wellness?
The World Health Organization defines mental heath as “a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community (Mental Health, 2014). Notice that this definition allows wellness to be based upon an individual and not a collective group. Wellness is a fluid personal venture.
What should I expect from this blog series?
• How the class of disorders is defined
• Names of the disorders within the class
• Descriptions of the disorders within the class
• Criteria for Diagnosis
• Differential Diagnosis
What is a Differential Diagnosis?
Differential diagnosis is the process of distinguishing one disease or disorder from other diseases or disorders that have similar characteristics. This process is important for accurate diagnosis, which is paramount for developing suitable treatment plans and selecting the most fitting clinical assessments.
Why blog about mental disorders?
Significant stigma surrounds mental health including, but not limited to, mental health diagnoses, psychopharmaceuticals, and attending counseling sessions. Collaborative Means wants to share information on diagnoses, mental illness, and mental wellness in hopes that the information shared will inspire others to also share information and eventually stop the stigma.
There is more than one type of helping professional?
Click HERE to read our post, which describes four types of helping professionals: counselors, psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers.
This blog series is intended to give clear information on the mental disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5. This information is not intended to be a substitute for counseling, nor medical advice, nor professional opinions. This article does not create a counselor-client relationship. Information in this blog should not be used to diagnosis yourself or others. If you think you may exhibit characteristics of any mental disorder, you should seek the aid of a helping professional.
Our first Mental Health Diagnosis article will cover Neurodevelopmental Disorders!
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Web. [access date: 31 December 2017]. dsm.psychiatryonline.org
Mental health: a state of well-being. (2014, August). Retrieved December 29, 2017, from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/
14 thoughts on “Mental Health Diagnoses?”
We are all subject to some type of mental infraction during this journey through life. If we will get the professional help needed, then perhaps we can help others to do the same.
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Basically, silicon carbide ceramic is amongst the most advanced materials. As the name suggests, it’s made from carbon and silicon. In nature, it’s found being a rare type of mineral moissanite. Since 1893, silicon carbide ceramic has been doing production. It is possible to bind the grains in this material. The idea should be to make something very difficult. Since there is a rising requirement for marine engineering, your vehicle industry, space technology, and nuclear energy, the requirement for this material been specifically on the rise. Let’s get more information.
These ceramic provides a wide range of excellent features like chemical corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, increase hardness, thermal expansion coefficient, reduced wear resistance, and high-temperature resistance.
This is the reason that these porn files is commonly found in many industries, for instance energy, information electronics, space technology, environmental protection, chemical industry, automobile industry.
Nowadays, these ceramics are employed in the type of corrosion-resistant containers in a number of industries, including the petrochemical industry. This material is found in different kinds of devices, for example mechanical seal parts, bearings, and cutting tools. Apart from this, it really is an ideal selection for different varieties of engine components, rocket nozzles, gas turbines, and plenty of other things.
In an oxygen reaction, if the temperature hits 1300 Celsius, a protective layer appears on these crystal surface. When the protective layers become thicker, within silicon carbide becomes even stronger.
As far as compound resistance, alkalinity and acidity have concerns, silicon carbide is included with excellent acid resistance. However, it doesn’t have sufficiently good alkaline resistance.
From the density standpoint, almost all forms of silicon carbide crystals are identical. When you are looking at hardness, these components stands advertising 9.5 Mohs. Besides, the Knoop hardness level is between 2670 and 2815 kg/mm. The good thing is that level of hardness is really a lot higher than almost all of the abrasive materials, for instance diamond.
The thermal shock resistance and thermal conductivity may also be very good. Since the thermal expansion parameters aren’t that impressive, SiC ceramic is amongst the best refractory materials.
At constant temperature, commercial silicon carbide ceramic serves as being a type of semiconductor. The internal resistance in this material comes down in the event the temperature increases. Besides, the conductivity on this material takes a different approach when looking at impurities.
When you are considering hydrophilicity, silicon carbide ceramic features strong covalent bonds. Based on the electronegativity calculations of Pauling, the ionic property on this material is merely 12%. So, we are able to say that this fabric features not-so-good wear resistance, big elastic modulus, as well as a high volume of hardness.
Long story short, this was an breakdown of silicon carbide ceramic. Hopefully, this overview can help you get a deeper understanding in this material. Since this fabric has a lot of wonderful benefits, it can be used in a great deal of industries.
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Researchers have retrofitted an AI tool originally developed during COVID that used edge elements and deep-learning object detection to calculate pedestrian and traffic densities so that it now assists urban planners and government officials on crisis management response and urban congestion.
A team of researchers at New York University (NYU) have retrofitted an AI tool originally designed to monitor the effectiveness of stay-at-home and social distancing orders to now assist urban planners and government officials on crisis management response and urban congestion.
The tool leverages New York City’s publicly available CCTV video feeds, of which there is 700 locations in the city, to calculate pedestrian and traffic densities using a deep-learning object detection method.
SEE ALSO: 5G is Making On and Offline Retail Fun Again
The team, based in the Connected Cities for Smart Mobility towards Accessible and Resilient Transportation (C2SMART) Center at NYU, built the AI tool to meet the needs of researchers, who were unable to observe in-person due to stay-at-home orders enacted across the state.
As the need for this Covid tool has dissipated, the team refocused the project to let it have a life after the pandemic. It is now being sold by the researchers as a potential tool to monitor urban congestion and crisis management response. Urban planners can also get a better grasp on the needs of the public by seeing footprint, and potentially identify better access points to public services.
“We wanted to know if there was a change from pre-COVID when people were going out in the early morning for commuting purposes versus during the lockdown when they might be going out later in the afternoon,” said Jingqin Gao, senior research associate at NYU to IEEE Spectrum. “By exploring these different trends, we were trying to better understand if there are new patterns during and after the lockdown.”
Commercialization of the product appears to be the next step for the group. “Our aim as an engineering school is not just to write papers, but to develop products that can be commercialized, and also to train the next generation of engineers on real projects where they can see how engineering contributes to and can help improve society,” said Kaan Ozbay, Director of C2SMART and Professor at NYU.
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The “White Pages” is a directory of personal phone numbers and addresses, while the “Yellow Pages” is a directory of business phone numbers and addresses. The Yellow Pages also often include information about the products or services offered by the listed businesses. The Yellow Pages directory was created and first published by a man named Reuben H. Donnelley. Donnelley was a printer and marketer based in Chicago, Illinois, who created the first Yellow Pages directory in 1886. In this post you will find out the difference between yellow pages and white pages.
The “Yellow Pages” is a directory of business telephone numbers and addresses, organized by category of goods or services offered. The term “Yellow Pages” comes from the original paper directories, which were printed on yellow paper and typically included business listings, as opposed to personal listings found in the “White Pages.” The Yellow Pages can include information about the products or services offered by a business, as well as its address, telephone number, and sometimes its website and email address. In recent years, the rise of digital directories and search engines has reduced the use of traditional printed Yellow Pages, but many businesses still advertise in online Yellow Pages directories.
The “White Pages” is a directory that lists personal telephone numbers and addresses. It is often used as a resource for finding the contact information of individuals, either by searching for a specific person or browsing listings in a particular geographic area. The information included in the White Pages can vary, but typically includes names, addresses, and telephone numbers. In the digital age, White Pages directories are often available online, either through a dedicated website or as part of a search engine’s results.
Yellow Pages in the United States
The “Yellow Pages” in the United States are a type of business directory that list the contact information, products, and services offered by businesses organized by categories. In the past, the Yellow Pages were primarily printed directories that were delivered to households and businesses, but with the rise of the internet and digital search engines, many Yellow Pages now exist primarily in an online format. Many businesses still advertise in the Yellow Pages, both in print and online, as a way to reach potential customers in their local area. Online Yellow Pages in the United States often offer additional features, such as customer reviews, maps, and the ability to search for businesses by keyword or category. That’s the basic difference between yellow pages and white pages.
The Yellow Pages directory was first introduced in the United States in the late 19th century. The first version of the Yellow Pages was a simple list of businesses, organized by category, that was printed on yellow paper. Over time, the Yellow Pages grew in size and complexity, eventually becoming a comprehensive directory of local businesses, complete with advertisements, maps, and other information. The first printed Yellow Pages directory was published in 1886 in Cheyenne, Wyoming, and the concept quickly spread to other cities across the United States. With the rise of the internet and digital search engines, the use of traditional printed Yellow Pages has declined, but many businesses still advertise in online Yellow Pages directories as a way to reach potential customers.
The Yellow Pages Association, known in the industry as the YPA, is the regulating body of the United States’ yellow pages industry.
Founded in 1975 as the National Yellow Pages Service Association (NYPSA), the Yellow Pages Association (YPA) is the largest trade organization of a print and digital media industry valued at more than $31 billion worldwide. Association members include Yellow Pages publishers, who produce products that account for almost 90 percent of the Yellow Pages revenue generated in the U.S. and Canada. Members also include the industry’s international, national and local sales forces, certified marketing representatives (CMRs) and associate members, a group of industry stakeholders that include Yellow Pages advertisers, vendors and suppliers. The association has members in 29 countries.wikipedia.org
White Pages in the United States
In the United States, the “White Pages” is a directory that lists personal telephone numbers and addresses. The information listed in the White Pages can vary, but typically includes names, addresses, and telephone numbers. In the past, the White Pages were primarily printed directories that were delivered to households and businesses, but with the rise of the internet and digital search engines, many White Pages now exist primarily in an online format. Online White Pages in the United States often offer additional features, such as the ability to search for individuals by name, location, or phone number, as well as reverse phone number lookup. The use of the White Pages as a tool for finding personal contact information has declined in recent years with the rise of social media and other online resources, but it remains a useful resource for many people.
How to Use Yellow Pages for Business Purpose?
The “Yellow Pages” can be used in several ways, both in print and online formats:
- Search by Business Name: If you know the name of a specific business you’re looking for, you can search for it by name in the Yellow Pages directory.
- Search by Category: If you’re looking for a type of business, product, or service, you can search the Yellow Pages by category to find a list of businesses that offer what you need.
- Browse Listings: In a printed Yellow Pages directory, you can browse through the pages to find businesses and services in a particular category or area.
- Use Maps and Directions: Many online Yellow Pages offer maps and driving directions to help you find the location of a business.
- Read Customer Reviews: Online Yellow Pages often include customer reviews of businesses, which can be helpful in making a decision about which business to choose.
Regardless of the format, the Yellow Pages can be a valuable resource for finding and learning about local businesses, products, and services.
How to use White Pages for Business Purpose?
The White Pages can be used for business purposes in several ways:
- Research Competitors: You can use the White Pages to research your competitors by searching for their phone numbers and addresses.
- Identify Potential Customers: You can use the White Pages to identify potential customers in a particular area by searching for people with specific names, addresses, or phone numbers.
- Marketing: The White Pages can be a valuable resource for businesses looking to reach new customers through direct mail or telemarketing campaigns.
- Verify Contact Information: The White Pages can be used to verify contact information for individuals or businesses, helping to ensure that your outreach efforts are successful.
- Create a Mailing List: You can use the White Pages to create a mailing list of individuals or businesses in a particular area.
- Reverse Phone Lookup: If you receive a call from an unknown number, you can use the White Pages to perform a reverse phone lookup to determine who the call is from.
Note that it’s important to respect individuals’ privacy and only use the information available in the White Pages for legitimate business purposes. Unsolicited marketing or telemarketing calls are generally not welcome and may be illegal in some jurisdictions.
How Popular are Yellow Pages in the United States?
The popularity of the Yellow Pages in the United States has declined in recent years with the rise of digital search engines and online directories. However, many businesses still advertise in the Yellow Pages, both in print and online, as a way to reach potential customers in their local area. Online Yellow Pages directories in the United States continue to be used by many people, especially for finding local businesses and services, although the use of online directories has also been impacted by the widespread use of search engines such as Google. The exact level of popularity of the Yellow Pages in the United States is difficult to quantify, but it remains an important resource for many businesses and consumers.
World Wide popularity of Yellow Pages?
The Yellow Pages concept has been adopted worldwide, with similar directories being published and used in many countries. The Yellow Pages directory is widely recognized as a valuable resource for finding local businesses, products, and services, and has been widely adopted in many countries, including Europe, Asia, Australia, and South America. In many countries, the Yellow Pages are published both in print and online, and are widely used by both businesses and consumers. The exact level of popularity of the Yellow Pages varies from country to country, but it remains an important resource for many people worldwide. In recent years, the rise of digital search engines and online directories has had an impact on the use of the Yellow Pages, but many businesses and consumers still use the Yellow Pages to find local information.
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What causes an itchy belly button? What does it mean? Some people believe in superstition, that an itchy navel is a sign of pregnancy. Infections such as yeast and bacterial infections, or allergic reactions can cause red itchy skin around the belly button. Here are causes and treatments.
What does an itchy belly button mean?
Belly buttons that appears to be crusted, or even itchy can be an indication that they are infected. Common signs that point to a belly button being infected or experiencing an allergic reaction to a piercing or any other cause are:
- Red, itchy belly button skin
- Foul smells emanating from the itchy belly button
- Swelling of the navel
- Yellow, or even the dark-colored discharge
- Persistent pain, especially from around the belly button
- Blistering that is around the button
People rarely develop the stone like masses on the inside parts of the belly button. Also called omphaliths, these particular growths are able to fill the entire navel and thus cause an infection, inflammation, as well as an ulcerated skin.
Itching around belly button?
What causes itching around the belly button? In most cases, an infection, a rash around the belly button and reactions to belly button rings can cause irritation and therefore itching. Here are the causes in detail.
Belly button infection
More than 3000 species of the bacteria are found around the belly button. In the perceived healthy people, these bacteria can’t lead to any infections. A few of the risk factors and other choices, could lead to an increased risk of such an infection if any.
Infections that are found in the belly button, whether they are caused by the bacteria or are brought about by the overgrowth of the yeast are some of the very common problems.
It’s very easy to observe that something has gone very wrong. Discharge as well as an odd smell are normally an indication of an infectious process. The shape of the itchy belly button contributes to an increased risk of the infections, more especially if the body hygiene has been much compromised.
Rash around belly button
The causes of having a rash around the belly button are several and the below are some of the causes for the same:
Infected belly button
Several bacterial strains as well as the fungi can lead to infections to the areas around the belly button. This can lead to inflammation, pain and also the discharge that emanates from the infection. Some of the bacterial infections can lead to nausea and also vomiting. The bacteria that is commonly involved is Staphylococcus aureus. The fungus that is most commonly leading to the rash is the Candida.
- For the bacterial infections, antibiotic topical drugs might be prescribed by the doctor.
- Fungal infections are normally treated using anti-fungal creams.
The belly button is normally part of the body that is neglected in the personal hygiene regime. The belly button is left mostly moist, which may cause infections to the navel when combined it is with a build-up of dirt. The belly button is the best breeding ground for the several bacteria and fungi. An infected itchy belly button piercing can bleed at first then release pus.
Some of the individuals are much sensitive to some of the allergens such as the nickel, new laundry detergent or skin cream. Exposure to these triggers may cause an allergic rash around belly button.
- The best way to prevent this type of rash is to recognize and avoid the trigger. Initially, you may have to consult a doctor to get the rash under control.
Itchy rash around belly button
The belly button which is also called navel is the remnant of the umbilical cord. It is the central scar that normally forms at the bottom part of the umbilical cord immediately it falls off. At times, the navel can be very much itchy and also discomforting.
There are several things that might lead to itchy belly button including the yeast infection, hives from piercing, lotions as well as the soaps, or even stretching of the skin in pregnancy. Another possible reason for the itchy rash around the belly button may be an infection by the bacteria. Some individuals who have umbilical hernia are able to experience itching. Treatment is purely based on the cause of the itchy rash around the navel.
Infected navel piercing
The indications that is exhibited by an infected navel piercing generally do not go much unnoticed. Infections are caused because of the growth of the bacteria as well as the fungi that accumulates in the skin spot that is around the infection.
If inappropriate steps are applied for piercing, or even if the hands of the piercer were unhygienic, or if any kind of the pollutant comes in contact with the wound, like polluted water, it can cause severe infections to be around the pierced area.
Pierced areas, more especially sensitive areas such as the navel, might get infected months and even the years after they were pierced, though the infections most often happen very shortly after piercing, as that is when the portal door is very open. Local skin reactions can also be brought about by an allergy to the jewelry. Jewelry often has brass plating, which can lead to allergic reactions or infection. It is much recommended that you use only surgical-grade stainless steel or solid 14-karat yellow gold, niobium or titanium.
During pregnancy – early, late; sign of pregnancy
When skin expands (and the skin on your abdomen is expanding big-time) it becomes increasingly moisture-deprived — and dry skin tends to feel itchy and uncomfortable thus causing an itchy belly button.
Candida yeast infection in belly button
Yeast infection in the belly button might affect the people of any age. Newborns are able to develop infection by an exposure to the mother’s vaginal yeast infection during child birth.
Conditions that normally affect the children as well as adolescents, including athletes foot, are able to spread to the navel. Diabetes and also excess abdominal fat are able to increase risk of the belly button yeast infections amongst the adults. See the doctor for a very accurate diagnosis if you have the symptoms.
Itchy navel after delivery
Itchy belly button during the period of pregnancy as well as postpartum is a very common complaint. Sometimes the itching that develops during pregnancy is brought about by the pupps Rash and having such a rash postpartum might occur after the birth of the baby.
It may be a very big inconvenience when you are dealing with a newborn and also lack of sleep. There are several remedies that are able to be used to assist.
The rash is very small bumps that normally erupt at a point that is too near the stretch marks when the pregnancy is in the third trimester. Some of the cases can appear earlier and also cover more than just the abdomen. In the normal circumstances, the rash disappears just after the period of delivery.
A few of the cases can last for a period of as long as three weeks after the baby is born.
Navel itches after surgery or laparoscopy
C-section, gallbladder surgery or hysterectomy are some of the surgeries that are said to cause an itchy belly button. Hysterectomy is defined as the surgical removal of all or even part of the uterus. In a total hysterectomy, the uterus as well as the cervix are extracted. In some of the cases, the fallopian tubes as well as the ovaries are extracted together with the uterus.
In a subtotal hysterectomy however, only the uterus is extracted. In the radical hysterectomy, the uterus, ovaries, lymph nodes, and also the lymph channels are extracted. The type of the process that is performed depends entirely on the reason for the procedure to be done. In all of the cases, menstruation permanently ceases and a woman loses the ability to have more children.
The surgeon makes a 4–6 incision either horizontally across the pubic line from the hip bone to hip bone or even vertically from the navel to the pubic bone. A patient is able to have an itchy belly button during healing process.
Discharge from belly button
There are several different reasons why an individual is able to have belly button discharge.
There are several types of fungi that are able to grow in the belly button part of the body, the most common one is the Candida. It likes the warm, damper darkness of the umbilicus cavity. Symptoms of the fungal infection of the navel and surrounding area can start to appear red or even discolored. It can also lead to an itchy belly button.
A bacterial infection may normally accompany the fungal infection, although it can happen on its own. A usual kind of bacterial infection is scabbing over and the discharge that can be odorous and also yellow in appearance. There are several different possible causes of the itchy belly button infections that are able to lead to belly button discharge. Poor hygiene is normally amongst the reasons.
Crusts or scabs on belly button
It is much common to observe that there small number of scabs and crusts that are around the incision after the stomach surgery and there is nothing to worry about.
If you are now allowed to shower, gentle washing using soap and also water as well as patting dry is all that is required. Don’t try to pick at them as they will separate on their own, or let the plastic surgeon deal with the scabs at a visit.
Itches after cleaning
Itchiness of the navel might be from the rashes of the skin that is around it, or from an infection that is within the navel. Most of the different rashes may form at the skin area that is around the umbilicus, but the likely rashes would be the contact dermatitis.
But, most of the skin rashes are able to affect the skin area, and if you have seen any of the skin changes (redness, swelling), then you should make an appointment to the doctor or even a dermatologist. Another possibility that can be found out is an infection of the belly button tract.
Sometimes, the foreign objects like the lint from the clothing or the body hair might enter the naval canal and lead to an inflammatory reaction. Infections of the belly button are normally accompanied not only by the itching, but a foul odor coming out of the belly button.
Itchy leaking belly button/oozing/discharge
Any discharge that is emanating from the itchy belly button can be because of an infection. The most common causes of the infection in the navel are because of the piercings, yeast infections and also obesity.
If you are having several symptoms like the redness in the affected skin area, painful swelling, as well as curd-like discharge that leads to a smelly belly button, then you should find out what is causing the condition and the remedies for it.
- Bacterial Infections – Unclean belly buttons might be very much susceptive to the bacterial infections. A smelly belly button that is excreting the pus-like substance is, most often, associated with the bacterial infection.
Sweat, soap as well as other substances that are deposited in the navel cavity is able to assist aid bacterial growth. Bacterial discharge can be brown in colour and can lead to pain and swelling.
- Fungal Infections – The most common indication of the fungal infection in the navel is discharge as well as pain. The most common cause of pain and also discharge in the navel is due to the candida.
Candida albicans normally thrives in the warm, moist areas like the urinary tract, mouth and the belly button. An overgrowth of the fungus leads to a red, swollen belly button and also discharge. Scratching of the infected area may lead to bleeding and further aggravation.
Itchy belly button due to Hernia
In the grown-ups, abdominal surgery as well as multiple pregnancy may lead to hernias. When it happens, the affected skin area can have a bulge that is accompanied by an itchy feeling around the navel
Red itchy belly button
Any kind of bleeding or even discharge that is emanating from within the belly button is almost a sign of an infection. It is likely to be from a fungal infection. The navel is able to be a dark moist, which is the ideal breeding ground for the fungi.
The likely agent for a fungal infection of the belly button causing an unpleasant discharge from the navel is the candida. Yeast infections is able to be the cause. Bacteria, like other microbial, like the dark moist places, as well as a bacterial infection might also be the cause of a navel discharge.
A fungal infection that is around the belly button or even in it can be red and also itchy which is similar to athletes’ foot. If you try to scratch the infection, then you can create open wounds, which can as well be the source of any other form of bleeding. The open sores of the itchy belly button that is brought about by scratching also get the opportunity for another bacterial infection, which might account for the yellowish and much smelly discharge
Itchy belly button superstition and myths
Itching is sometimes said to be a manifestation of the body of an individual which is much related to some other beliefs, omens as well as fortunes.
Some people say that itchy belly button can mean that you will be able to make amends after a serious argument.
Relief and treatment for belly button itch
- Warm Salt Water
A itchy belly button infection may be treated by use of warm salt water. The heat that comes from the warm water can assist to increase the blood flow to the infected skin area, while the salt can assist to absorb the moisture that is inside the belly button to assist in healing. Also, it can act as a disinfectant.
- Add a teaspoon of salt to a cup of warm water and then mix it until the salt completely dissolves.
- Dip a small cotton ball in the solution and apply it to clean the infected skin area, then pat it dry.
- To combat the infection, also apply further an over-the-counter, antibacterial cream that is water-based.
- Repeat the process at least once or twice a day until the infection has completely disappeared.
You can also obtain a ready-made saline solution from the most drug stores.
- Keep the Affected Area Clean
To promote healing as well as prevent any further growth of the bacteria that is found in itchy belly button, it is vital that you keep the affected skin area clean and very dry.
To clean the skin spot, you might apply an antibacterial soap while taking a shower or even bath. After the bath, dry the affected skin area thoroughly and dab some of the water-based antibacterial cream, repeat the process 3 times daily until the infection clears up.
It is further recommended that you apply a water-based ointment as the moisture that emanates from other types of the ointments is able to block the skin pores and also obstruct in skin breathing.
- Warm Compress
If the infection hurts too much, then you can try to make use of a warm compress so as to relieve the discomfort. The heat that emanates from the warm compress is much effective to ease the pain and it will also assists much healing of the itchy belly button.
- Dip a clean washcloth in the warm water and then wring out any excess water.
- Place the clean warm cloth on the navel for about 15 minutes.
- Repeat the process several times a day to reduce pain.
You might also try a warm shower so as to get rid of the discomforts of a navel infection.
- Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil is also another very much effective natural cure that can be used for a belly button infection, whether it is brought about by yeast or even bacteria. This vital oil contains antifungal, antibacterial as well as antiseptic properties.
- Mix about 5 drops of tea tree oil in 2 teaspoons of olive oil.
- Use a clean cotton ball to apply it on the affected skin area.
- Leave it on for about 15 minutes, then wipe it off using a tissue.
- Follow the treatment about 3 times daily until the navel looks healthy.
- Rubbing Alcohol
To clean the affected skin area, you might also use alcohol. It contains antiseptic property that is able to sterilize the infected area and also prevent the spread of any infection. It can also give relief that emanates from the irritation and also pain.
- Put a smaller amount of rubbing alcohol on the cotton ball.
- Rub it onto the affected skin area and leave it on for about 30 minutes.
- Re-apply the alcohol several times a day for several days.
- How to Clean Your Belly Button: http://share.upmc.com/2015/07/how-to-keep-your-bellybutton-navel-clean-the-right-way/
- Belly Button (Navel) Infection: http://health-benefits-of.net/belly-button-infection-causes-symptoms-treatment
- Rash Around Belly Button: Causes and Treatments: http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Rash-Around-Belly-Button.html
- Itchy Belly Button: http://healthylifemed.com/itchy-belly-button/
- Itchy Belly During Pregnancy: http://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/symptoms-and-solutions/abdominal-itchiness.aspx
- Yeast Infection Symptoms in the Belly Button: http://www.livestrong.com/article/246540-yeast-infection-symptoms-in-the-belly-button/
- Hysterectomy: http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/Fi-La/Hysterectomy.html
- Belly Button Discharge: http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Belly-Button-Discharge.html
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There are many benefits to planting garden beds Landscaping: Garden beds can add to the beauty of your home or yard. The colors and shapes of flowers can create pleasing visual effects. Improve air quality: Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis, which can help clean the air and improve indoor and outdoor air quality. Provide food and medicine: Growing vegetables, herbs and fruits in your garden bed can provide healthy food and medicine for you and your family. Increase ecological diversity: Growing different types of plants can attract different kinds of insects and birds and increase ecological diversity. Increase outdoor activities: Working in a garden bed can provide opportunities for exercise, such as weeding, pruning and harvesting. Reduce stress and anxiety: Garden work can be relaxing and reduce stress and anxiety.The following content also has some reference value for raised garden beds.
A garden bed for spring can help your garden flourish this season by following some steps:
Clean up: Remove debris and weeds from the bed. Cut or dig away old or dead plants and fallen leaves to make room for new ones. Check your garden bed for any rot of damage. Here is where sturdy raised garden beds really work to your advantage. If you are using a no-rot raised garden bed, a little surface cleanup should have it looking good without need for further upkeep.
Tilling: Turning over the soil with a hoe or tiller to loosen the soil and improve drainage. If the land is heavy, organic matter (such as decomposed compost, leaf rot and compost) can be added to improve the soil structure and nutrient content.
Test your soil for PH: If you haven't tested your soil for PH, invest in a portable soil tester. Most plants need a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.5 to grow healthy. If the soil is too acidic, lime can be added to neutralize it.
Choose plants: Choose plants that are planted and grown in spring, such as tulips, daffodils, jasmines, irises, etc. You can choose to plant from seed or buy adult plants. Choose plants that suit your area and the type of soil on your bed.
Planting: Burying seeds or plants into the soil by hand or spatula, depending on how deep the plant is planted. Plant plants separately according to their growth habits and size to avoid crowding.
Watering: Maintain proper humidity and moisture during planting and early spring. If it's not raining, water at least once a week to make sure the soil is moist but not muddy.
Fertilization: Some plants need extra nutrients to grow healthy. Use slow release or organic fertilizers at the beginning of spring. Apply fertilizer according to plant variety and fertilizer package directions. Richer soil will provide your plants with the necessary nutrients they need to grow. You can make your own compost out of leftover compostable food scraps. Keeping a compost pile by your garden is a great way to reduce environmental impact and create nutrient-rich fuel for your plants.
Hopefully these steps will help you get your garden bed ready for spring!
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5 Sunscreen Myths...BUSTED!
Here are five common misconceptions about sun exposure and sunscreen. Your overall health is important to us, so we're setting the record straight.
MYTH #1: A BASE TAN PROTECTS ME.
FACT: Ingrain this mantra into your head: There. Is. No. Such. Thing. As. A. Safe. Tan. A tan is your body's response to UV damage. Your skin increases production of the pigment melanin in an effort to reduce further injury. However, a "base tan" is not a very effective means of decreasing additional damage, it provides protection equivalent to wearing sunscreen with an SPF of about 4.
MYTH #2: IT'S OKAY TO LIE IN THE SUN AS LONG AS I'M WEARING SUNSCREEN.
FACT: The purpose of sunscreen is to reduce UV damage when you're not able to avoid exposure or wear protective clothing. Applying sunscreen to increase the length of time you can sunbathe is an abuse of the product and results in increased rather than decreased UV exposure, especially when it comes to UVA, which is not as effectively blocked by sunscreen as UVB.
MYTH #3: ANYTHING ABOVE SPF 15 IS A WASTE.
FACT: A broad spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 should be applied daily to exposed skin. Studies show that most people apply less than half the amount of sunscreen needed to attain the labelled SPF, so using a sunscreen with a higher SPF makes a meaningful difference.
MYTH #4: I NEED SUN TO GET ENOUGH VITAMIN D.
FACT: Several studies have shown that wearing sunscreen does not reduce your levels of vitamin D. You need very little UVB exposure to produce adequate levels of vitamin D. In fact, some studies show increased vitamin D levels in those who wear sunscreen most often, probably because they're the ones spending more time outdoors!
MYTH #5: I DON'T NEED TO WEAR SUNSCREEN ON CLOUDY DAYS.
FACT: Cloud cover effectively reduces transmission of infrared radiation, which produces a feeling of warmth on your skin. In contrast, you can't see or feel UV radiation, and cloud cover only decreases UV by about 20%. So make the application of sunscreen a part of your morning routine regardless of the weather forecast!
Please contact us to discuss any skin concerns you may have about sun protection or repairing damage caused by compounded sun exposure. We're happy to create a customized skin care plan for your specific needs.
Our blog is dedicated to all the latest news from Compass Dermatology, a boutique dermatology clinic located in Toronto.
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In the Media
650 Mount Pleasant Rd #8
Toronto, ON M4S 2N5, Canada
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If you know anything about glaucoma, then you likely know just how devastating and scary it can be. It ravages eyesight with no warning, and it has no cure once it begins.
Any damage it causes is permanent. If left untreated, it will eventually lead to total vision loss.
Fortunately, there are ways to slow or even halt the progress of glaucoma’s effects on your vision. Keep reading to learn about MIGS procedures and how they work to limit glaucoma damage.
How Does Glaucoma Attack Your Eyesight?
Glaucoma results from eye pressure also called intraocular pressure or IOP, building. Eventually, it can get so high it damages your optic nerve.
The optic nerve connects your eye and your brain, making it crucial for sight. Like many other body parts, the eye constantly has fluid cycling through it.
This fluid carries essential nutrients to your eyes and keeps them hydrated. But, the fluid can build up if your eye’s drainage network becomes blocked.
This buildup can result in mounting IOP. Everyone’s optic nerves are different and can withstand different amounts of pressure.
But, there is a healthy range that most eyes fall into. Optic nerve damage will likely occur if your IOP is above this healthy range. Your eye doctor will test your IOP during your routine eye exams.
If they detect that your IOP is outside the healthy range or has increased since your last visit, they will check you further for signs of glaucoma. If they determine you have glaucoma, they will begin a treatment regimen immediately to prevent vision loss.
Early diagnosis is the only way to save your vision if you have glaucoma. This diagnosis is why it is so important to schedule regular eye exams.
Can You Treat Glaucoma With Surgery?
Glaucoma is most commonly treated with eye drops. They reduce IOP, preventing further optic nerve damage.
They do this by relaxing the eye so fluid can pass through it or slowing eye fluid production. Certain eye drops can perform a combination of the two treatments.
Surgery may also help in some instances. But eye doctors tend to avoid major surgeries, as there could be a significant risk of complications or a long recovery.
That’s why minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries, or MIGS, are a great alternative. They can significantly reduce IOP while avoiding the dangerous aspects of traditional procedures.
MIGS procedures utilize microscopic equipment to perform surgery on an incredibly tiny scale. Micro trabeculectomies, for example, insert small tubes, or stents, into the eye, allowing fluid to drain.
There is also a MIGS procedure that limits how much fluid can enter your eye. Even after glaucoma surgery, you may still need eyedrops to maintain your IOP.
Although, MIGS can help reduce your dependence on other glaucoma medications. Glaucoma surgery is best for patients who need a rapid reduction of IOP.
Kovach Eye Institute has a wide array of options to help you combat glaucoma. If you get diagnosed with glaucoma, don’t worry.
By taking proactive steps with your eye doctor, you can save your eyesight. Schedule an appointment at Kovach Eye Institute in Itasca, IL, to learn more!
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Dense cells in sickle cell anemia: the effects of gene interaction.Blood. 1984 Nov; 64(5):1042-6.Blood
In an attempt to uncover potential genetic sources of the clinical diversity of sickle cell anemia, we have characterized homozygous SS patients in the following ways: percentage of dense red blood cells (% F4) as determined from Percoll-Stractan continuous density gradients, alpha gene deletion, average percentage of hemoglobin F (% HbF), hemoglobin in g/dL, age, and sex. We find that alpha 4 individuals have a higher % F4 (mean 24% +/- 15%) than alpha 3 individuals (mean 12% +/- 8%) (P less than .005). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant correlation among % F4 levels and alpha-gene number and % HbF, and an interaction between the last two variables. The other variables considered did not significantly alter this model. As reported before, with fewer samples, we find that in the first ten years of life of SS individuals, the frequency of alpha gene deletion is 17%, which is comparable to that in the general black population, while in the group over 20 years of age, the frequency rises to 49%, implying that alpha thalassemia is associated with longer survival. These results indicate that it is necessary to consider sickle cell anemia not only as a single gene defect, but also as a disease whose clinical expression is the result of a group of genes capable of interacting at the phenotypic level.
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Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area. Many agricultural soils need drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies.
Early history[change | change source]
The earliest archaeological record of an advanced system of drainage comes from the Indus Valley Civilization from around 3100 BC in what is now Pakistan and North India. The ancient Indus systems of sewerage and drainage that were developed and used in cities throughout the civilization were far more advanced than any found in contemporary urban sites in the Middle East and even more efficient than those in some areas of modern Pakistan and India today. All houses in the major cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro had access to water and drainage facilities. Waste water was directed to covered drains, which lined the major streets.
Reasons for artificial drainage[change | change source]
Wetland soils may need drainage to be used for agriculture. In the northern USA and Europe, glaciation created numerous small lakes which gradually filled with humus to make marshes. Some of these were drained using open ditches and trenches.
The largest project of this type in the world has been in process for centuries in the Netherlands. The area between Amsterdam, Haarlem and Leiden was, in prehistoric times swampland and small lakes. Turf cutting (Peat mining), subsidence and shoreline erosion gradually caused the formation of one large lake, the Haarlemmermeer, or lake of Haarlem. The invention of wind powered pumping engines in the 15th century permitted drainage of some of the marginal land, but the final drainage of the lake had to await the design of large, steam powered pumps and agreements between regional authorities. The elimination of the lake occurred between 1849 and 1852, creating thousands of km2 of new land.
Other websites[change | change source]
- WebCom Systems, software created for designing soakaways and filter trenches.
- NDS Archived 2007-02-18 at the Wayback Machine, drainage calculator.
- Ancient drains, a series of images of the earliest drainage systems in the ancient Indus city of Mohenjo daro
- Stormwater DesignInformation on stormwater design Archived 2010-11-21 at the Wayback Machine
- Draining for Profit, and Draining for Health by George E. Waring, 1867, from Project Gutenberg
- Drainage photos Archived 2008-12-07 at the Wayback Machine
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Radiation Biology (3/5): Low doses and their damage potential
There is no question in radiation biology that the severity of sickness increases at high doses. Nevertheless, it is important when considering everyday radiation protection to be able to estimate the risk of a mutation of the genetic material, and thus the risk of cancer, even in the low dose range.
As mentioned in the previous article of the series, it is customary to refer to stochastic or random effects at low radiation doses. This means that statements about the probability of sickness are only possible for a group of people and not for individuals. However, radiation biology cannot assess whether and where such mutations will be caused. Thus, it remains unclear whether sickness will occur in individual cases, and if so, which kind of sickness.
A robust risk assessment is a useful way of raising awareness of a prudent radiation protection approach. Therefore, determining this risk is one of the central tasks of epidemiology in combination with radiation biology.
How dose values affect the risk of sickness
The International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP has introduced a model that illustrates the relationship between the dose and the risk derived from it: the LNT model, also called the Linear No-Threshold Model. According to the LNT model, the linear relationship is considered to apply for acute doses starting from approximately 100 millisievert (mSv).
However, for doses of less than 100 mSv it is not clear whether they have a linear effect on the risk of sickness. In this respect, there have been various epidemiological studies that have come to different conclusions. Some report a statistically relevant increased risk of cancer between 0 and 100 mSv, while other studies do not find any correlation. However, the international expert committees UNSCEAR and ICRP subject each of these studies to a critical review and formulate recommendations that ENSI fundamentally follows.
According to the LNT assumption (red line in this graph), each low dose results in a proportional increase in risk. However, this very lowdose range is associated with a very high degree of uncertainty, because, under certain circumstances, the dose-induced risk is smaller than the risk that already exists spontaneously. As a result, it is almost impossible to distinguish the dose-induced risk from the spontaneous risk. In this range, risk predictions are only possible based on statistical calculations and estimates. Therefore, the UNSCEAR and ICRP committees have warned against use of the LNT model to calculate the risk of very low dose values. It is also not suitable for calculating the number of expected cancer cases.
As a cautious and therefore conservative assumption, the LNT model in Switzerland is taken into account in the fully revised Radiological Protection Ordinance (in force since 2018). ENSI primarily uses the LNT model to assess optimisation measures in operational radiation protection.
How the body handles low doses of radiation
From the results of radiobiological experiments it can be concluded that cells can handle very low doses very well thanks to their repair system. This would lead to a theoretical risk that is less than the expected risk (curve A in the graph). The theory of the biopositive effect was derived from very low doses (curve A1). A very low dose could cause the cells’ repair system to be activated, thus protecting them from future damage, but in itself not causing any noticeable negative effects.
The molecular repair system
As ionising radiation in the form of ground radiation or cosmic radiation is an integral part of nature, mankind has been exposed to its influence throughout its development. Human cells must therefore have found a way to deal with a certain level of radiation exposure. To repair radiation damage to the genetic material, cells have developed a specialised molecular repair system. Only when this system is already being used to its full extent or is not (fully) functional because of mutations, for example in the case of genetic illnesses, can permanent mutations occur in the genetic material.
The cells’ molecular repair system has developed so that it can be used throughout the cell nucleus. Ionisations that can lead to mutations occur, even at low doses, along a relatively concentrated “radiation path”. Here, the repair molecules must first reach the possible damage locations and then be positioned there. During this time, the effects of radiation cannot be eliminated or can only be partially eliminated (curve B). Therefore, at least initially, the resulting risk would be greater than expected.
Since neither of the two theories has been empirically confirmed, a cautious assumption in radiation biology is the compromise that there is a linear correlation between dose and the resultant risk – even at low doses.
Ionising radiation as a trigger for cell mutations
It has been scientifically recognised for some time now that ionising radiation can contribute to the development of cancer. Less well known were the genetic mechanisms that cause cell mutations. This has changed in recent years and decades.
Through the discovery and investigation of the so-called oncogenes (cancer genes), scientists have found basic processes with which normal cells become cancer cells along various paths. Comparing non-irradiated and irradiated cells shows which effects are triggered by ionising radiation.
In Switzerland, several tens of thousands of people spontaneously develop cancer every year. Advances in medicine in the areas of early detection and therapy have significantly increased the chances of recovery from many types of cancer.
This is the third of five articles on radiation biology. The fourth part considers the measurement of ionising radiation.
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Historically, towns and cities were typically settled on rivers or another body of water for many reasons, one of which is for power. This unique grist mill was constructed around 1830 after the Cushman brickyard began providing bricks for new buildings in the town of Tunbridge. The mill stands on a site that has seen industrial activity since the 1780s, which was seen as advantageous due to the cascade created by a topographic constriction in the river flow at this point. The mill building has as its core a 1-1/2 story brick structure, built about 1820 as a gristmill, to which a larger wood-frame sawmill was added about 1870. The building is starting to deteriorate which is troubling as it may be one of a kind in Vermont, if not New England as a whole.
Tunbridge Universalist Church // 1839
This vernacular Greek Revival church was built in 1839 for the Universalist Society in Tunbridge, Vermont. The 45-member congregation gathered funds and had this building constructed on land donated by a member of the church. By about 1910, the church was poorly attended and in accordance with the original deed, when the church fell into disrepair, the property reverted to the owner of the accompanying land. The new owner removed the tower as it was becoming a safety hazard and used the former church as a barn to store hay. In 1972, the building was purchased by the Dybvig Family who restored the exterior of the church and converted it into a learning center for youth and adult classes in a variety of topics.
Cushman Farm // c.1825
What I love about Vermont is that you can drive down a random road and stumble upon amazing old farms! This home was built around 1830 by Benjamin Holmes Cushman (1778-1880) who lived to be over 101 years old! Cushman opened a brickyard on the White River just north of his soon-to-be home in the early 1820s, likely having his home built soon after as an advertisement to the quality of his bricks. The home was probably the first brick home built in town, and due to the successful brickworks, many others were later built. Cushman bricks were probably used in the construction of the South Tunbridge M.E. Church. The Cushman Family apparently lived in the home until 1975 when a fire destroyed a portion of the home and it was subsequently sold.
Whitney’s Octabarn // 1907
One of the more “Vermont” building types is the cattle barn. When I was driving through the charming town of Tunbridge, I saw a massive barn out of the corner of my eye and had to slam on the brakes to get out and take a photo of one of the most unique I have ever seen! This octagonal bam was built by Lester Whitney, a descendent of the Whitney family, which played a significant role in the pioneering, settlement and community life of the historical town of Tunbridge. The Whitney Farm was primarily a dairy farm, with the growing of corn and hay, raising horses, making butter, and cutting ice from a pond created by damming the brook near the old brickyard. The Whitney’s raised sheep, made maple syrup and had an apple orchard south of the house. The purpose of a round barn was that the circular shape has a greater volume-to-surface ratio than a square barn. Regardless of size, this made round barns cheaper to construct than similar-sized square or rectangular barns because they required less materials. It also would be easier for carriages, plows and animals to navigate as there were no sharp corners to go around.
Tunbridge Congregational Church // 1839
The Congregational Church in Tunbridge, Vermont was organized in February of 1792. The Congregationalists‘ first house of worship, the Tunbridge Meeting House, was built in 1795, and was also the civic meeting hall and a multi-denomination church. The first Tunbridge Village Congregational Church was built from 1835 to 1837, but that building was destroyed by fire in April of 1838. The present building, which seats about two hundred people, was built in 1839 at a cost of about $1,500. The building has changed very little except that in 1882, a freak tornado struck the church destroying the steeple, which was soon replaced with the existing steeple. This building relates architecturally to a number of churches that were built throughout Vermont in the first half of the nineteenth century and serves as a good example of vernacular ecclesiastical Greek Revival style architecture that enjoyed widespread popularity across the state.
Whitney Hill Schoolhouse // 1860
One-room schoolhouses were scattered all around small towns like Tunbridge, VT until the advent and proliferation of the personal automobile to allow students to meet in a single, larger school. The Whitney Hill Schoolhouse was one of such one-room schoolhouses that were located in town and constructed in a Vernacular Greek Revival style. The building features two doors at the gable end with transom windows, and a bank of windows at the end of the side facade, to provide light to the classroom inside. The school was apparently in use until the 1920s and appears to be used as a residence or something of the like today.
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Mining minerals with plants and time to supercharge recycling
Robyn Williams: Hello, Robyn Williams. In today's Science Show I have three intriguing questions to answer, with your help, about crucial problems. First, why oh why do cicada babies…well, larvae as they are known in scientific circles, why do they lie underground for seven, 13 or 17 years before briefly coming up to mate and making penetrating noises?
Secondly, will renewable technology, even electric cars, be near impossible to supply as we run out of rare metals and earths?
Third, what Stanford University, that ultra-famous centre of the ultra-smart, what has Stanford got to do with a teenager who died of typhoid fever in Europe in 1884? And why should you care?
And our guests in this rare earth Science Show include Sam Mostyn, Veena Sahajwalla, and the return of Tim Flannery. Plus, Peter Newman in Perth, on life at Stanford.
But what about those cicadas? Why lie underground for all that time, and precisely that time? Well, this was revealed in a very scientific series of The Philosopher's Zone on RN in which Sam Baron explains to host David Rutledge how numbers really can govern the natural world.
David Rutledge: I think this is really interesting, so I was wondering if you could give us some examples of the kind of mathematical explanation that gives rise to the indispensability argument?
Sam Baron: Yes, so there's this project of trying to find cases in which mathematics really is playing an explanatory role in science. And this is looking for cases where the mathematics itself appears to be doing something. So here's a case involving cicadas in North America. So in North America they have these cicadas that have lifecycles of 13 or 17 years. So what that means is they spend most of their time in their larval form in the ground, and then after a period of 13 or 17 years they arise en masse as a swarm and run around eating and then they breed and die and repeat the cycle. And incidentally we have periodical cicadas in Australia, the greengrocer cicada has a life-cycle of seven years.
The question that biologists asked here was why are the lifecycles of the cicadas 13 and 17 years, why not some other number, why not 12 or 14 or 16 or 18? And this is an interesting case because the explanation that is given is held up as one of the chief models by biologists. So philosophers had nothing to do with this one. There are other examples where philosophers have clearly artificially made the example. This is one in the wild, so to speak.
So why do they have 13- or 17-year lifecycles? Here's the explanation. Imagine that you are a cicada and that you are being predated by predators that also have periodical lifecycles. So your predators come out of the ground after a certain amount of time, and you want to avoid your predators. So you want to be in the ground when your predators are out of the ground and vice versa.
Now, imagine that you have predators that have lifecycles of two years, three years, four years, five years and six years, so you've got all of those predators around and you want to try and avoid them. It turns out that because of the way that prime numbers factorise, the best way for a cicada to avoid coming out of the ground when its predators are out of the ground is to have a prime numbered life-cycle, and you can sort of see this just by starting to factorise the numbers. So take the number 13, what factors does the number 13 have? It just has 13 and one as factors. What numbers do 17 have as factors? It just has 17 and one as factors.
Now, if you are thinking about the predators coming out of the ground, you're going to overlap with your predators basically whenever you share a factor with them. So think about a 12-year life-cycle, if you come out of the ground every 12 years, then you will overlap with any predators that come out of the ground at the years two, three, four and six. And if you come out of the ground every 14 years, you're going to overlap with two and seven, if you come out of the ground every 16 years it's going to be two, four, eight, if there are eight-year lifecycles as well.
But if you come out of the ground every 13 years, then the only predators you can overlap with are predators that have lifecycles of 13 and one, and even then it's only if they started on the same year as you. And this relies on various theorems in number theory about the nature of primes. And there's this thought that these explanations of why the cicadas have evolved to have 13- and 17-year lifecycles are somehow relying on facts that are sitting around in number theory involving the relationships between prime numbers. Now, if prime numbers are just things that we've invented, to put the point sort of facetiously, why are cicadas so good at surviving by exploiting 13- and 17-year lifecycles?
Robyn Williams: Associate Professor Sam Baron at the Australian Catholic University in Melbourne, with David Rutledge, whose Philosopher's Zone has been exploring scientific ideas in the last two weeks. But the question for me is how do those cicadas underground do the timing of seven, 13 or 17 years without a mobile or other device? Which brings up another conundrum and another RN program, Ockham's Razor, in which Allison Britt at the ANU puzzled about the very future of mobiles or e-cars without enough of the trace ingredients to make them.
Allison Britt: Well, the phone was mostly made of what I call everyday elements, those ones we've all heard of; iron, silicon, chromium copper, carbon, nickel, aluminium. But the phone also had small amounts, say less than 1%, of a lot of other elements; tungsten, tin, rare earths, molybdenum, silver, cobalt, gold. And lots of tiny amounts to other things; tantalum, niobium, indium, and many more. And this is important because each of these elements used in small amounts, combined with those everyday elements, is what makes our modern technologies work. So just like adding salt-and-pepper to a meal makes it tastes better, putting a little rhenium in a jet engine makes it burn faster and hotter. Putting a little scandium in an aeroplane makes it lighter and stronger, and putting a little indium in your mobile phone makes the touchscreen work.
In the olden days, say as recently as a couple of hundred years ago, humans only used less than a dozen elements for modern technologies, those everyday elements, iron for horseshoes and carriages, copper for roofing, silver and gold for money, and lead for paint and make up. With the industrial age they started adding a few more elements to the mix. So tungsten for lighting, nickel for alloys. And by the 20th century we were using aluminium in aviation, and chromium in stainless steel.
Can you picture the periodic table in your head? You might have to think back to high school to remember the rows and columns of elements arranged in atomic order and chemical similarity. Well, these days we use in nearly all of those 118 elements of the periodic table in our modern technologies in one way or another, even if it's just in tiny amounts.
What happens if the element or the mineral it comes from is absolutely essential to a country's economy but could become hard to get hold of? Perhaps only one country produces it. Maybe it's a really rare mineral, maybe a few countries produce it but only one country knows how to process it. When we have a combination of needing a mineral or element to keep things working and there being an actual or foreseeable problem getting a hold of that mineral, then we call it a critical mineral.
Interestingly, which minerals are critical can change over time. So, for example, in World War II, asbestos was regarded as a critical mineral. Yes, asbestos! And while they are not minerals, whale oil and goose feathers were also regarded as critical materials for the United States military. For the future, who knows, maybe copper will be a critical mineral as the world becomes increasingly electrified, but it really depends on what society needs at the time.
Today, the Australian government has designated 24 metals and nonmetals as critical minerals. You can get on the web and 'search it up', as the kids say. The list includes things like cobalt, titanium, vanadium graphite and lithium, but one of the most famous critical minerals is actually a group of elements called the lanthanides, but you might have heard them called by their other name, the rare earth elements, or just rare earths.
So, let's do some myth-busting first. Despite their name, rare earths are not rare. They are in the oceans, the plants, the soil, in you. Yes, there could even be tiny little amounts in you, probably in your bones. What is rare is finding enough of these lanthanide or rare earth elements in a geological setting where they are concentrated enough to support a profitable mining operation. But why do we need to mine them? I've just told you that rare earth elements are in your phones, so why don't we just recycle all the old mobile phones and save the planet. There are plenty of them after all, I'm sure it's not just my family that has collected a few in the drawers over the years.
Well, you're right, we can recycle old and broken mobile phones and other e-waste too, but unfortunately there simply isn't enough of the rare earth materials in these old phones to make the new phones that we think we will need by 2024. Yes, that's right, it's predicted that tech companies are going to make an additional 3.7 billion new mobile devices over the next three to four years.
Robyn Williams: Allison Britt, finishing her PhD at the Australian National University and giving an Ockham's Razor talk in which she described how putting an iPhone in a blender gets results.
So, what is the future of all that tech and especially where those renewable alternatives, we are told, can't be supplied because of the dearth of rare ingredients. Well, there's hope. First, if you look at last week's Economist magazine you'll see in the science section there is a plan to drill down to the liquid brine under what is a forming volcano, packed with minerals. Dr Jon Blundy of Oxford will explain how on next week's Science Show.
Meanwhile at the University of Queensland there's a scheme underway, I kid you not, to have plants do the job for us. Carl Smith has the amazing story.
Carl Smith: When Dr Peter Erskine, head of the Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, sets off on a field trip, he takes a gun with him, an X-ray gun with a small LCD screen.
Peter Erskine: This is an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Geologists use them to find mineral deposits. It's an initial screening tool.
Carl Smith: And you've got three leaves next to it on the bench here. Why would you point this X-ray gun at some leaves?
Peter Erskine: Because we're interested in the elements inside the leaves, and so these three species in front of us include two species which are manganese hyperaccumulators and one species which is a nickel hyperaccumulator. A hyperaccumulator is a plant that accumulates a mineral, particularly trace elements, at least a tenfold increase upon what a normal plant does. So when we fire the gun at it we can see the very high concentrations of those particular minerals.
Carl Smith: Dr Erskine believes these hyperaccumulator plants could be used to farm metals, which is why he takes this gun out into the field. He points it at leaves, like the ones in front of us, to find species that absorb unusually high levels of metals from the soil.
Peter Erskine: Well, the gun works pretty much like any gun, you pull the trigger and it fires, and in this case it fires an X-ray, and the X-ray interacts with the elements within the leaf, and that fluorescent energy is detected by a detector within the gun. So as I place the gun over the top of the leaf, we will start to see fluorescence of the different elements that are in there. So in this case this is Berkheya coddii, which is a South African species, and nickel is around 1,700 parts per million. So it is a nickel hyperaccumulator, well over the threshold.
Carl Smith: Behind Dr Erskine are drawers of neatly filed plant samples from Australia and the Pacific. He and his colleagues have been scouring the region for new species, those that can tolerate high levels of metals, and that could be used in phytomining or mining with plants. To find promising new species, they often trek into remote areas, like forests in Indonesia or Malaysia.
Peter Erskine: And in the case in Halmahera, which is in Indonesia, we get flown out by helicopter, dropped into a creek, wander up the creek using our X-ray gun to find the right species.
Carl Smith: They also visit mine sites to find native species that can grow in metal-rich soils, and local herbariums where native leaf samples are stored. Dr Erskine's former PhD student and now collaborator, Dr Antony van der Ent, focused his hyperaccumulator hunt in the Malaysian state of Sabah, on the island of Borneo.
Peter Erskine: And while he was there, he identified a number of new plant species that accumulate in metals, and one, Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi, it had relatively high concentrations, and together we decided that we should try and see whether that particular species would be an adequate nickel farm species. And so we set up a field trial using this species.
Carl Smith: This woody shrub stood out immediately, not only because it grows on soils rich in nickel but also because when it's damaged it oozes an unusual bright blue-green sap.
Philip Nkrumah: It's really bright green, which is nickel concentrates in the sap.
Carl Smith: This is postdoctoral research fellow Philip Nkrumah, from UQ's Sustainable Minerals Institute. Dr Nkrumah has been helping to test Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi's unusual nickel absorbing skills in the field at what has been described as the world's first tropical metal farm, a small phytomining trial site on Borneo.
Philip Nkrumah: This trial site is a one-hectare field to really demonstrate the real-life application of the phytomining technology. The plants that we selected are very high biomass production, and the metal content up to 3% of the plant.
Carl Smith: Each year since 2017 they've planted a new crop of the native nickel hyperaccumulator. It's then harvested and burnt, leaving behind charcoal and the nickel that the plants had extracted from the ground. It's a more environmentally friendly process than traditional strip-mining, which is how nickel is usually mined, and the yields from this phytomining trial so far have been promising.
Peter Erskine: We get between 200 and 300 kilos per hectare of nickel metal per year. We think that can go for about 20 to 30 years. So at the moment I think nickel is about $10 a kilo, so that's about $2,000-$3,000 a hectare, which for a smallholder that's a pretty reasonable income.
Carl Smith: Dr Peter Erskine told me more about the trial site and the local community helping to test the idea.
Peter Erskine: You drive in on a dirt road, there's a small village there. It's tropical forest, it's not tall forest, and a lot of it has been cleared in the past for self-sustaining agriculture, and there is an expanding population. And in the area there's also a lot of Indonesians coming to work on the palm oil plantations, so that's one of the only other alternatives there, is either you grow plants for your own subsistence or you convert to palm oil.
Carl Smith: Scientists have known about hyperaccumulator plants for decades, and there have even been some small-scale phytomining trials in the past. But hundreds of new hyperaccumulators have been discovered in recent years, opening up the possibility for phytomining using native species in many parts of the world.
In places like Sabah in Borneo, high metal content in so-called ultramafic soil makes food farming much harder. Dr Nkrumah says metal farming could be an excellent alternative for local communities, or it could even just be a short-term solution to remediate soils, allowing more food farming in the future.
Philip Nkrumah: In Malaysia people try to grow rice on the farms and other veggies and fruits, and you realise that because the soil is contaminated with nickel and other metals, the plants struggle for agriculture. So what our idea is that we go in with the metal plants for the time being to remediate the soil, and the metal farming, it's just like the normal farming, it's just that in this case instead of growing for food, you are growing for metals. And after some time, when the soil is ready for agriculture, you just continue with your agriculture.
Carl Smith: And what do the people who live there think about using plants to mine metals?
Philip Nkrumah: Anytime you mention about this idea to anyone, people really get fascinated, irrespective of where they come from, and local people in Malaysia, they are really excited and they are very helpful with the projects.
Carl Smith: And are there any other plans to scale up from here? So you've got the one-hectare plot in this one area, are you planning to make it bigger or to go elsewhere and trial it somewhere else?
Philip Nkrumah: Now we're doing it in Malaysia and we have selected several sites that we are going to upscale the projects, so phytomining will be all across the ultramafic areas in Malaysia and other sites that we are targeting in Indonesia, Sulawesi to be specific. Strip-mining activities that removes vegetation, they degrade the environment, so we are trying to use this approach to restore the environment and to also extract metals from the soil. And in New Caledonia as well there are quite a number of nickel mining activities, and we have discovered several nickel plants that that could be used. So all these topical regions we are targeting. And in Europe, our colleagues, they have also been championing nickel phytomining.
Carl Smith: Do you think that phytomining could replace traditional mining?
Philip Nkrumah: Actually, phytomining seeks an area that is not suitable for conventional mining, so in areas where the metal grades are very low, and sometimes after traditional mining the phytomining process also begins. So it's an activity that complements traditional mining rather than replacing traditional mining. The areas that strip-mining actually degrades, phytomining goes there to replenish and restore these soil conditions. So it's not replacing but it's actually complementing.
Carl Smith: So while it won't replace traditional mining, phytomining could become particularly useful in a couple of important settings. First, bioremediation, helping to remove metals from the soil at former mine sites or in areas where there is too much metal in the ground. And second, to farm metals in areas that are too difficult for traditional mining. And given the growing need for metals like nickel, this small-scale farming could become an important source for metals.
Philip Nkrumah: So if you take a lithium ion battery, that's in our mobile phones or these electronic vehicles, you realise that instead of lithium you have to do call them nickel because the majority of the metal component is made up of nickel. We use them in the wind turbines, we use them in our laptops, so this is how the prospects are for nickel phytomining.
Carl Smith: So, what about phytomining in Australia? Well, Philip Nkrumah says it's possible, but the first step is to find native Australian species with this rare ability to hyperaccumulate metals, which is why Peter Erskine and his team have been spending plenty of time in the field with their X-ray guns.
Peter Erskine: We have started looking in places in the polymetallic zones of north-west Queensland on mineral deposits there and we found zinc hyperaccumulators, and recently we've been looking for rare earth hyperaccumulators.
Carl Smith: And his team have already begun looking closely at several promising Australian hyperaccumulators.
Maggie-Anne Harvey: So we have Crotalaria, which is from around the north-west Queensland area. They are found on a zinc lead load and associated with that particular metal. We have Pteris vittata, which is part of an arsenic hyperaccumulator. These ones aren't dose, so don't worry about touching them at all, but they are a very unique little fern. We have Macadamia which is very good with manganese, and Denhamia, which is good with zinc and manganese.
Carl Smith: Maggie-Anne Harvey is a PhD student in the Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation. We are inside a greenhouse at the University of Queensland that is full of hyperaccumulator plants. One of the species the team has found accumulates the nutrient selenium. It also purifies this metalloid when it extracts it from the soil, making it easier to add to human or animal products.
Maggie-Anne Harvey: So this is little legume plant from north-west Queensland called Neptunia amplexicaulis. It's a very effective hyperaccumulator and it's the strongest one that we have in Australia.
Carl Smith: When the team finds a new species like Neptunia, they can't just immediately begin phytomining with it. The first step is to understand the plant.
Maggie-Anne Harvey: So when we find a hyperaccumulator plant, one of the first things we want to know is how it does what it does, how much it can tolerate, what its ideal growing conditions are. Another factor is seeing where the metal goes in the plant.
So, for example, Neptunia you have the selenium filter into the taproot, it uses the taproot as a storage mechanism, and then it can travel into the very youngest leaves. So an idea for Neptunia, for example, would be to just pick the youngest leaves as tea leaves, and that's where all the selenium is concentrated. And then you could have this resource where you don't have to be planting and harvesting and planting and harvesting, you could just continually pick and prune and wait for the plant to regenerate. We need to really look into the facets of all of these things to be able to figure out how we can best use it for phytoremediation.
Carl Smith: Peter Erskine agrees there's a lot to understand before we could see large crops of plants harvesting metals in Australia.
Peter Erskine: So we can suggest particular species and we can suggest particular areas, but we don't know exactly how all these species grow, we don't know how fast a lot of these species grow, we don't know…what else do we need to add into the system to make sure that you have a viable crop, and it needs to be done on the ground in the place where the phytomining will happen. So there is a lot of research that needs to go on in those communities to work out, hey, what are the right species for their area and then how do you manage them.
Carl Smith: He says so far there hasn't been much commercial interest in phytomining from Australia. And their recent plans to scale up trial sites in Borneo with French collaborators have been stymied by the pandemic. But he is optimistic that once these sites are up and running, they will be able to demonstrate the value of mining with plants.
Peter Erskine: The thing that is restricting it really is the interest by the mining company, the desire of the governments to actually want that technology to be utilised, and then even having enough demonstration sites that it's not just considered a fringe technology, that it is something that's viable.
Philip Nkrumah: It's really exciting to be part of the research team. You really feel that you are making an impact, you are conserving the environment, you are really producing something that is useful, changing the way people view mining, so it's really exciting.
Robyn Williams: Dr Philip Nkrumah, Maggie-Anne Harvey, and Dr Peter Erskine at the Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, with Carl Smith.
This is the rare Science Show on RN, exploring how to obtain those essential ingredients.
Now let's return to the Australian Museum where we were last week for the launch of the Spark exhibition, ten examples of ways to tackle climate change. One key scheme is led by Professor Veena Sahajwalla, with the recycling of e-waste. She demonstrated her mini-factory first in 2018, in front of the Minister at the University of New South Wales, and the promise to have one little e-factory for every local council, extracting that list of metals for regional industries. So, let's hand over to leading businesswoman Sam Mostyn, to Veena, and to Tim Flannery, on the future of such enterprise.
Sam Mostyn: Thank you so much. I had a question for Veena because you are the micro recycling science pioneer, and that does mean a lot, and I wonder whether you could share what it is about recycling that makes it less than just the thing we do when we push our bins out at night. And I'll just remind Veena that when I first met her many years ago she said to me, 'Never forget that every single thing that you see or touch or have in your life is ready to be turned into its next life.'
Veena Sahajwalla: Yes, take us back to the early conversation, which is absolutely right, even if we look at any product we really shouldn't be calling anything a waste, even if it has stopped functioning, if it has become obsolete because fundamentally what it does contain are very useful materials. So if you actually drill down, you've actually got materials that can then be reformed and converted into new products over and over again. And I guess the advantage of doing that is, to put it quite simply, you have actually created a material in the first instance from virgin resources.
So if I go back and look at something as basic as glass, and I'll come back and connect it to one of the products that we have here today where we've used recycled glass with waste textiles in the production of these green ceramic products for our built environment. If you actually now start to look at each of these different kinds of materials, whether it's about glass or steel, making it first time from virgin resources costs a certain amount of energy. Every time you then go back and recycle it and reformat it and use it, that initial energy that went into making it is still embedded in that material. So what you've actually done is you've reformed it, but that initial energy that went into making it is still in there.
So quite simply when you are actually recycling these kinds of things like steel and glass, you've saved on energy and you have therefore saved on greenhouse gas emissions. The important point in all of this, you have also achieved ultimately the ability to make sure that it shouldn't and up in landfill, so that ability to remanufacture is the other half. So if you can think about electricity and energy, but then the other half of greenhouse gas emissions and how much energy is used making things, whether they are metals or plastics or glass. And of course the more complex our products get—our solar panels, our energy storage devices like batteries—you actually need all of those materials. So effectively thinking at that level where you can harness all of the existing feedstock that we have, not putting it into landfill but seeing it as a resource that's just waiting to be harnessed, is a nice way to think about the connectivity with climate and of course our ability to remanufacture products.
Sam Mostyn: It's brilliant. And you can read and see more of Veena's work in the Spark exhibition.
Tim, you spent quite a bit of time talking about what we need government to do, and government will follow when the population I think makes it clear that they will not put up with a government that doesn't act. So if we put government to one side for a moment and we think about this being the critical decade and that perhaps our actions have to be about net zero by 2030 rather than 2050, if we reset our time horizons to deal with the crisis that you describe, what does it mean for us right now?
Tim Flannery: That is the great question, and the need for leadership. And leadership is not just about leaders, it's about everyone in an organisation or in a family or in a society. We can all exert an active leadership. So it might be looking at your superannuation and deciding you want to shift it to an entity that is much more environmentally aware. It might be if you've got a kid in school, going up to your principal in a parent-teacher meeting and saying, look, can we help with the electricity, can we put some solar panels on, how are we going to deal with recycling and other sustainability issues? And that, while it might seem like a small thing, the key thing you're doing is exerting some leadership. It becomes much more acceptable once people hear others saying this is a good idea, for them to act as well. So I think there's so many levels we can act on. This is the year to do it, this is the year where we have to do actually get over that hump of resistance I think and start on that journey.
Sam Mostyn: And I know you use that wonderful analogy of the Covid moment and the cure, essentially the start being the closing of the borders and us all playing our part. But if there was a single act that had to happen right now, if you were in charge, the thing you would do that would change the dynamic for our response to climate change, as we did with Covid, what would that be for Australia right now, what would you do?
Tim Flannery: I think what I would do is call a great national assembly to look at the way Australians relate with their lands and waters, and hear in a very deep way how we need to change. So, engaging the Indigenous community, engage the farming community and others and chart a new pathway that would feed through with new laws and regulations and attitudes about how we deal with this. Sorry, that's my passion. I want to close down the coal-fired power plants and everything else but I do think that that relationship with land is absolutely key, and perhaps a national assembly of people would be a good starting point to do that.
Sam Mostyn: And it goes to our democracy, it goes to citizens being back involved in the active democracy that can manage these things because we are not an autocracy, we don't operate in that way, so I think your idea has great merit. I wonder if our audience knows that some of the rebuilds of economies post-Covid have actually incorporated significant percentages of the rebuild into climate solutions, some of them up to 30% or 40% of their billions of dollars towards recovery have gone into smart solutions. This country? You will see that none of our Covid recovery has actually included a significant percentage of commitment to…I think it's sitting at less than 0.5% of Covid recovery monies will actually end up in a climate related initiative, compared to 30% or 40% when you look towards Europe. There are things we're just not doing with the money we are using right now.
Tim Flannery: How is it, Sam, that our federal government can get away with this idea of a gas-fired recovery, when there is not a shred, there is not one study they can point to to support this?
Sam Mostyn: Yes.
Veena, I was talking to a fashion retailer the other day who had closed up her shop recently in inner Sydney and she said that one of the reasons she had closed her shop (it was actually pre-Covid) was that a few days after Craig Reucassel's War on Waste showed the pile of clothes in Martin Place, that her high-end customers started to say 'I don't need to buy another pair of black trousers because I have five already'. And until that stage she had been able to sell them a new pair of black trousers every year. And so that single act of showing the waste, caused a shift in a consumer. I just wonder if you perceive from the speed at which you are moving with recycling, whether we can supercharge this in this 2030 environment to make a significant contribution?
Veena Sahajwalla: Yes, absolutely. If you look at examples of textiles and you look at the kinds of impact that these industries are having, so whether it's talking about fast fashion or fast furniture, there is a whole lot of material that goes into making, and of course if you look at all the synthetics that go into making it, well, they are plastics. So you actually had to then go back and say, right, I'm going to stop that consumption or I'm going to reduce that consumption by a significant amount. At a personal level you are already doing something that can be seen as a positive action.
So that's how we can play our part, whether it's our electronics or indeed our clothes, in all of these cases fundamentally bringing those materials back to life, whether they are synthetic polymeric materials or indeed metallics and oxides and everything else that is present in our waste batteries, for instance, if I can sort of contrast these obvious things coming out of all of us as consumers, the ability to then play a part where collectively we can see that if we can work with our local governments, if we can actually support those businesses that are actually wanting to do the right thing, I think we will then create a collective future that also shows that as Australians we are actually playing our part.
So that's the important message here collectively, we can support those businesses, we can do the right thing. The example of that product that we have out here, the exhibition with green ceramics, I've got to acknowledge the fact that if it weren't for…and if you don't mind me saying this, Sam, that I think you're the person who actually kind of made it happen behind the scenes and I didn't even know about it. This was Sam in one of her various roles, informing an organisation on which she sits on their board, this is Mirvac. I guess from our perspective this is exactly what we talk about, as people who in their role as leaders are influencing what businesses can do. And we needed that to happen because it was about that science and technology that came out of our labs, then had to be translated into real-world.
And without that collaboration between research and businesses, we wouldn't be able to demonstrate that it is possible, so it wasn't enough for us to of course just make it in a lab, and yes, there is a lot of research that goes into making that happen, but that partnership was so critical for us. It gives everyone that confidence, and I think most importantly it inspires others to do the right thing.
Sam Mostyn: And you're very kind to say that, but one of the things that we've seen at that organisation at Mirvac is that more and more people want to buy their first home or their apartment with sustainability credentials, and part of that credentialling is the fact that the tiles are made by your micro-factory out of completely 100% waste product, and that is becoming a feature. Where it used to be do you want a marble top as a feature, it's now I want Veena's recycled tiles in my house before I move in. So, many pathways.
I've got one last question for each of you. What excites you most about the chance for us to do this in the next decade, that gives you the kind of enthusiasm to keep going after all the work that both of you have done?
Tim Flannery: Look, I just think that we are on the brink of a much better world, potentially. We have lived with this filthy, polluting industrial model now for two centuries, and we know the cost of it and we know the cost of the mindset that goes with it. We can change that and live in a much better world, and young people get that. You go to a primary school and you'll see it.
Veena Sahajwalla: I've got to use this story, I was travelling through regional South Australia on the weekend, I visited this beautiful not-for-profit area and it's called the Father's Farm. What I really loved about it, the inspiration and the hope and the optimism, you can have a small not-for-profit collecting e-waste and absolutely excited about the fact that they know that there is a lot of positive outcomes they can create there, but that integration between science, technology, social outcomes, people's well-being…I mean, the conversations that we had on that Saturday afternoon were so inspiring because all of these volunteers and people who were working in this place were actually not realising that what was coming out of their mouth was just something that would have made all of us cry. It was one of those moments where you think, wow, they are not only coming there because they are passionate about the environment and they want to recycle, but somewhere in there was they could see that…it's a mentoring program for young people, and to get them excited about science, but also help them look after their well-being and be there for each other. I think to me that's really what our future is going to be all about, is that beautiful combination of caring for each other, caring for our planet and our people.
Sam Mostyn: So amidst this crisis you're talking about a better world, both of you identified that. Wonderful. Can you think our panellists Tim and Veena?
Kim McKay: And please also thank the fantastic Sam Mostyn.
Robyn Williams: There you had Museum director Kim McKay thanking top businesswoman Sam Mostyn, Professor Tim Flannery of the Australian Museum, and of course e-waste pioneering recycler, industrial hub director, and professor at the University of New South Wales, Veena Sahajwalla. Imagine her micro-factories in every town and suburb getting the rare metals out of your e-waste, instead of 576,000 computers a year being chucked into the ground.
Which brings me to the third question I asked at the beginning of this Science Show; what has a dying teenager in Europe in 1884 got to do with Stanford University of Silicon Valley fame and much else? Well, the teenager was Leland Stanford and he died of typhoid fever in Florence. So, in his memory, his wealthy parents established the great university in 1885. And so many really famous scientists were there and still are, like Professor Paul Ehrlich of population fame. Botanist Peter Raven was there and he was on the program a few weeks ago. Plus, 32 Nobel prize winners, 17 of whom are still there. And Professor Peter Newman of Perth who was also at Stanford way back, and the campus was a real mentor for this former WA Scientist of the Year. Peter:
Peter Newman: Yes, I was there in the early '70s, and the other person there was John Holdren who was at Berkeley at the time, but a lot of famous people came through at that time and it was hugely important to me personally because I was able to get a job at Murdoch University not long after that on the basis that I'd been to Stanford with these famous people.
But one of the things that worried me was the lack of hope about the future. Unless we stop population growth and we stopped economic growth, and it seems to me difficult to say I'm not going to have children and I'm going to work to stop the economy. It didn't seem to fit with me and I don't think it fitted with Peter Raven and John Holdren either.
Robyn Williams: John Holdren, by the way, became the Chief Scientist under Barack Obama.
Peter Newman: Yes indeed, he did well, but there is a real choice to be made there that you could be a public academic that goes out there and tries to find solutions. And I determined that that's what I would do. We also had children, and it's something to treasure, that children can be part of the solution and not part of the problem, and that economic growth can also be part of the solution, not the problem. And I took a long time to really work out how to do that.
But I think that Peter Raven and John Holdren also when they look back on their lives now can see that that was the right choice to have made, to have tried to change the world of politics by giving them options that were far better and to really fight for them. You have to learn to be a very smart politician as well as a smart scientist, and I think that that's what I reflected on listening to him and thinking, yes, he showed us a lot about how to save biodiversity, and John Holdren, how to save the planet from climate disaster in a difficult, difficult political situation. But we need people like that to do it. I can reflect and say I've had a lot of wins in this nearly 50 years since that time and have shown that you can save cities and make them part of the regenerative future that we need, rather than being part of the problem.
Robyn Williams: The question is really how, because if you reflect on what the Prime Minister here was saying the other day about decisions being made about the future not in wine bars or in the inner city, it's as if you are looking at cities in a tribal way. And some other people are looking at communities, which can be anywhere. You define your own community, it's your village, it's your suburb, it's your regional part, it's…cities are big places and within them you can do what the phrase says about…okay, you think globally but you act locally, and 'locally' can be defined by you, can it not?
Peter Newman: Yes indeed, and often those inner-city areas have very strong local communities and they have certainly a lot more services and urban destinations that are very close by. So in our studies, the inner-city areas are significantly less greenhouse gas based or energy based of any kind. They walk a lot, they take public transport a lot, and if they take a car, it's a short distance. And those kinds of principles we need to apply to the rest of the city.
We are producing a book at the moment called Greening the Greyfields which is about the middle suburbs and how they can be turned into places more like the inner suburbs because they've got a lot more services, there are a lot better urban reactions that can come from people rather than driving everywhere. And there's all kinds of eco-villages that can be built on the fringes of cities. The technology is there, we just need the planning systems to adjust to this change. There's plenty of opportunities that are coming because net zero cities is the next agenda as well, we've got to do net zero cities, and that means different approaches in different parts of the cities.
Robyn Williams: Without interpreting what the Prime Minister Scott Morrison was actually driving at, there's no question that you've got this split between the old-fashioned industries, the manufacturing industries and indeed the mining industries, and you've got people in towns split in a way that they weren't before, because you don't have terribly many strong unions and unionisation, in other words a working class. So how do you get together in what seems to be a world with more and more conflicts and misunderstandings, and yet you've got to bridge that to achieve the effect that you've just described of a way forward?
Peter Newman: Yes, it's fundamentally a civil society issue, and the one great thing I've learnt in my years working in politics and with politicians and with industries to try and help them to do the right thing, none of them are going to do that unless civil society is really pushing them.
Civil society has enormous power in terms of their vision and their ethical view of the world. They think they've got no power, but they do, because in the end politicians know they need civil society to help them convince everybody to vote for them, and the social license is something that comes from civil society to those big companies. So they can talk about the gas-led recovery and so on but their boards are now saying to them no, listen to civil society, that is not the agenda, it's net zero, we've got to change.
Robyn Williams: Yes, but how do you get jobs, how do you get employment, how do you get an income, how can you pay the bills?
Peter Newman: Well, that's fundamental, and I don't push any kind of policy or any kind of solution unless I can see there is a better world that will come out of it in terms of jobs, better jobs, more equitable jobs, and opportunities for everybody. That's kids, that's women working at home, elderly people, they can all participate in this change, and it's change that is not going to be a worse world, it's one we can welcome because every step I have seen in this change, the solar changes which were going to destroy our grids, no, they are a changing the grid but it's better.
Just the other day we had this terrible cyclone go through Kalbarri up in the north-west, it flattened the town. But they have a microgrid there based on solar and it survived. The big grid around it with their big, long transmission lines, it fell apart. So the new grids that are emerging, the microgrids that are linked together in a broader grid, they are working and they are working better, so we can look forward to that. And there's plenty of jobs there, really good jobs in making these grids work and managing them, how we work as precincts, as neighbourhoods rather than the whole city. Those neighbourhoods can each have their own little energy management system. This is the future, and it is more local, it's more community-based, but it is not necessarily a harder one where we have to go back to living in a village where we don't have jobs and we are scraping to make our ends meet. This is a better world that's emerging, but we've got to have civil society drive that, otherwise it will be a war between different big companies and that's not good for anyone.
Robyn Williams: Interesting that Twiggy Forrest in his Boyer lectures seemed to be saying things along those lines as well, rather concerned about biodiversity, marine science as well as energy systems and so on. But when it comes to civil society, being civil to each other, despite the fact that you've got a different background because some people are working in industries, some people have got white collar jobs, as they used to be called, and getting them to cooperate, you've talked a lot about future industries such as the Lithium Valley idea of batteries, you said 100,000 people could come from that kind of initiative in Western Australia, and that wouldn't simply be a manufacturing thing because obviously to run a major industry like that you need all sorts of different jobs. Do you see that happening? Are there signs of that change coming along?
Peter Newman: Yes, there is daily signs of that happening. And Twiggy Forrest is certainly part of that. We have got some very good entrepreneurs who are now seeing that rather than being a place where you dig up and ship out, which we did well and the world needed it, but we can dig up and refine and turn into really good quality products here. And it's better to do here because this is where you can make the hydrogen. If you have to make hydrogen, and it takes a lot of energy, a lot of renewable energy, and then you have to do ship that out to other places to make things, it's going to be very, very dramatically lower in terms of its output, it's going to be expensive, and it's going to be requiring a lot more renewable energy that we need for everything else.
So it makes sense to do it locally where you've got these local resources, and I think the geopolitics of the world is going to shift more and more towards that. Saudi Arabia has got a plan to build a massive solar farm in the desert, turn it into hydrogen and have a massive pipeline that goes 4,000 kilometres to Europe. This is madness, and this is not the distributed energy system of the world that must come. We have now very, very cheap solar and wind, but only if you use it locally. If you have to turn it into other things that fit with these highly centralised grids and just support the old way of doing things, well, it's based on colonialism for a start because that's all we are good for is digging up and shipping out. No, we can actually do better, this can be the centre of the next economy, not the periphery of it, and that's the vision that I think is emerging, and civil society are backing that all the way.
Robyn Williams: One last question. I've never asked you this before, but before you became a professor and before you were at Stanford even, how did you start? Were you in science theoretically from the beginning or what?
Peter Newman: I was in football and cricket mostly, I went to university to play football and cricket. I was pretty good at it. I was playing with people like John Inverarity and Rod Marsh and people like that who played for Australia. I was never going to do that but I really loved it. And chemistry was the best thing I could do to sort of merge with that.
At the end of my PhD I thought what am I going to do with this now, because I had also got an injury that stopped me from playing sport, and I thought, no, I need to do something useful with my life. And in 1970 Stephen Boyden from ANU came over on the first Earth Day and gave a lecture where he said the future is the environment and we need people to go into this. And I signed up basically on the day. So Earth Day means a lot to me.
And I then heard Paul Ehrlich on Monday Conference on the ABC. The ABC has played a big part in my life, and I said I've got to go and work with this guy, so I ended up working with him. Pretty amazing to have this young kid from Western Australia who thought he could help save the world. Anyway, we've done a bit.
Robyn Williams: Professor Peter Newman at Curtin University in Perth. And yes, he's done a bit, including having his book on the future of cities launched at the White House by the then VEEP Al Gore. And Peter Newman is a Professor of Sustainability. But he also previously worked in the next office to Geoff Gallop, then Premier of WA, advising on transport and much else. So Peter knows how to connect research to how we live. Yes, a Science Show about the future and the possible new technologies. So many new jobs created by smart technology, and how the local and regional is the way forward.
Next week: those rare metals from below volcanoes; how to stop or weaken tsunamis; and my favourite fossil, the dodo, in a new exhibition at the Museum of Victoria. Production by David Fisher. I'm Robyn Williams.
Plants could be used to remediate polluted sites
Recycling brings benefits with low impact living
Civil society will bring a better world
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It was established in the aftermath of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war
You are here
A busy and crowded camp, Nuseirat refugee camp is located in the middle of the Gaza Strip like Bureij and Maghazi camps.
Nuseirat, which takes its name from a local Bedouin tribe, initially accommodated 16,000 refugees who fled from the southern districts of Palestine after the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, including the coast and Bir Saba’. Before the camp was formed, refugees lived in a former British military prison in the area.
The blockade on Gaza, which has lasted for more than a decade, has made life more and more difficult for nearly all refugees in the camp which is characterized by high unemployment and poverty. Today, far fewer families can provide for themselves and a staggering proportion of the population is dependent on UNRWA food and cash assistance programmes. As in the other refugee camps, the water situation in Nuseirat camp is alarming in terms of both quality and quantity.
- 15 school buildings, of which seven are single-shift and 18 operate on double shifts, accommodating 25 schools in total
- One food distribution centre shared with Bureij refugee camp
- Two health centres
- Two area relief and social services offices
- One maintenance and sanitation office
- Electricity cuts
- High unemployment and poverty
- Fishing limits imposed by Israel and collapse of fishing sector
- High population density
- Contaminated water supply
- Lack of availability of construction materials
INFRASTRUCTURE & CAMP IMPROVEMENT
Overcrowding and a lack of living space characterize Nuseirat camp. Shelters are built in close vicinity and there is a general lack of recreational and social space. In many cases, residents have had to add extra floors to their shelters to accommodate their families, in some cases without proper design. Many live in substandard conditions.
REFUGEE CAMPS IN the Gaza Strip
15 school buildings, most of which run on double shifts, accommodate 25 schools
Two Agency health centres provide primary health care, including child and mother care, to camp residents
- Who We Are
- What We Do
- Where We Work
- Donor resource
- Frequently asked questions
- unrwa approach to curriculum
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Moles prevail and, despite the fact that they’re most common in fair-skinned people, almost everyone has a couple of. Normally, they are harmless skin growths resulting from a high concentration of natural skin pigment. In most cases, moles never ever cause an issue and just stay a benign aspect of a person’s skin.
However in some cases, a mole might suggest skin cancer. Melanoma, for example, is one type of skin cancer that is possibly dangerous as it can get into neighboring tissues and spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver, bone, or brain. The earlier that melanoma is spotted and eliminated, the more likely treatment will succeed.
There is no age for when moles magically turn bad, this is why regular skin checks are important.
It is important to learn about the various types of skin moles, clinically described as ‘moles,’ in order to evaluate whether one might be cancerous. Particular symptoms may indicate the advancement of atypical moles (dysplastic mole). Follow the ABCDE rule to choose if a doctor ought to examine your skin:
- Asymmetry. The shape of one half does not match the other half.
- Border that is irregular. The edges are typically ragged, notched, or blurred in outline. The pigment might spread into the surrounding skin.
- Color that is uneven. Tones of black, brown, and tan might exist. Areas of white, gray, red, pink, or blue may likewise be seen.
- Diameter. There is a change in size, generally an increase. Cancerous moles can be small, however many are larger than 6 millimeters wide (about 0.25 inch wide).
- Evolving. The mole has altered over the past few weeks or months.
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Ada Twist Deluxe Create-A-Lab Playset
Get everything needed to design and build a customizable science lab with the Ada Twist Deluxe Create-A-Lab Playset. This learning and education-based playset comes with over 50 pieces including 30 hex tiles that can be stacked or used as flooring, over 10 table and shelf pieces to build the lab, a drawing board conveyor belt that really spins, 2 sticker sheets, 3.5-inch articulated Ada Twist figure, figure accessories, and more. This STEM toy inspires imagination-filled learning and develops fine motor skills. Collect additional kids’ toys, dolls and accessories inspired by Netflix’s show, Ada Twist, Scientist to spark a child’s next big scientific discovery (each sold separately). This set makes a perfect gift for curious kids ages 3 years and up.
- Includes: 30 hex tiles, 4 lab tables, sink insert, 3 cabinets, 4 shelf units, 1 drawing board, 4 labware containers, 2 background inserts, 3 connectors, 2 sticker sheets, 1 Ada Twist figure.
- A New Twist on Science: Design a custom learning space to test all the biggest hypotheses with the Ada Twist Deluxe Create-A-Lab Playset.
- Ada is Primed for Action: The 3.5-inch Ada Twist figure is articulated for lots of active poses around the lab.
- Customize -- or Recreate Ada Twist's Lab: Easy-to-configure hex tiles, stackable units, and backgrounds make it simple for kids to design their own lab with little-to-no adult help.
- Sustainability With a Twist: This kit’s instruction manual is made from wood-free paper.
- Explore STEM In New, Exciting Ways: To further inspire kids’ love of science, add other Ada Twist dolls and accessories, toy figures, and playsets to their collections.
- Give the Gift of Learning: Ada Twist kids’ toys make inspirational gifts for budding scientists ages 3 years and up.
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https://justplayproducts.com/products/ada-twist-deluxe-create-a-lab-playset/
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knitr::opts_chunk$set( collapse = TRUE, comment = "#>", eval = rlang::is_installed("webfakes") )
The pins package supports back-and-forth collaboration for publishing and consuming using, for example,
The goal of this vignette is to show how to publish a board of pins to a website, bringing your pins to a wider audience. How does this work?
board_url()offers read-only collaboration.
write_board_manifest(). A manifest contains a list of pins and versions, enabling a
board_url()to read like a
The steps for publishing a board that can be read by consumers using
The first and last steps will be specific to how you deploy your board on the web; we discuss options in the [Publishing platforms] section. Regardless of platform, you'll write the pins and the manifest the same way.
For this first demonstration, we'll start by creating a board, and finish by showing how the board works after being served.
library(pins) board <- board_temp(versioned = TRUE)
We're using a temporary board for this demonstration, but in practice, you might use
board_folder() in a project folder or GitHub repo, or perhaps
Let's make the
mtcars dataset available as a JSON file:
board %>% pin_write(mtcars, type = "json")
Let's make a new version of this data by adding a column:
lper100km, consumption in liters per 100 km.
This could make our data friendlier to folks outside the United States.
#| echo: false # we need a short delay here to keep the versions in the right order Sys.sleep(2)
mtcars_metric <- mtcars mtcars_metric$lper100km <- 235.215 / mtcars$mpg board %>% pin_write(mtcars_metric, name = "mtcars", type = "json")
Let's check our board to ensure we have one pin named
"mtcars", with two versions:
board %>% pin_list() board %>% pin_versions("mtcars")
board_url() is consumed over the web, it doesn't have access to a file system the way, for example, a
board_folder() has; we can work around this by creating a manifest file.
board_url() is set up by a consumer for reading, the pins package uses this file to discover the pins and their versions.
The manifest file is the key to
board_url()'s ability to discover pins as if it were a file-system-based board.
After writing pins but before publishing, call
board %>% write_board_manifest()
The maintenance of this manifest file is not automated; it is your responsibility as the board publisher to keep the manifest up to date.
Let's confirm that there is a file called
We can inspect its contents to see each pin in the board, and each version of each pin:
`r if (rlang::is_installed("webfakes")) paste(readLines(fs::path(board$path, "_pins.yaml")), collapse = "\n")`
At this point, we would publish the folder containing the board as a part of a web site.
Let's pretend that we have served the folder from our fake website,
#| echo: false board_server <- webfakes::new_app() board_server$use(webfakes::mw_static(root = board$path)) board_process <- webfakes::new_app_process(board_server) web_board <- board_url(board_process$url())
With an up-to-date manifest file, a
board_url() can behave as a read-only version of a
Let's create a
board_url() using our fake URL:
#| eval: false web_board <- board_url("https://not.real.website.co/pins/")
board_url() function reads the manifest file to discover the pins and versions:
#| message: false web_board %>% pin_list() versions <- web_board %>% pin_versions("mtcars") versions
We can read the most-recent version of the
#| message: false web_board %>% pin_read("mtcars") %>% head()
We can also read the first version:
#| message: false web_board %>% pin_read("mtcars", version = versions$version[]) %>% head()
The goal of this section is to illustrate ways to publish a board as a part of a website.
Pins offers another way for package developers to share data associated with an R package. Publishing a package dataset as a pin can extend your data's "audience" to those who have not installed the package.
Using pkgdown, any files you save in the directory
pkgdown/assets/ will be copied to the website's root directory when
pkgdown::build_site() is run.
The R Packages book suggests using a folder called
data-raw for working with datasets; this can be adapted to use pins. You would start with
In a file in your
/data-raw directory, wrangle and clean your datasets in the same way as if you were going to use
To offer such datasets on a web-based board instead of as a built-in package dataset, in your
/data-raw file you would:
board_folder(here::here("pkgdown/assets/pins-board"))(you might use a different name than
Now when you build your pkgdown site and serve it (perhaps via GitHub Pages at a URL like
https://user-name.github.io/repo-name/), your datasets are available as pins.
The R Packages book offers this observation on CRAN and package data:
Generally, package data should be smaller than a megabyte - if it’s larger you’ll need to argue for an exemption.
Publishing a board on your pkgdown site provides a way to offer datasets too large for CRAN or extended versions of your data. A consumer can read your pins by setting up a board like:
#| eval: false board <- board_url("https://user-name.github.io/repo-name/pins-board/")
S3 buckets can be made available to different users using permissions; buckets can even be made publicly accessible. Publishing data as a pin in an S3 bucket can allow your collaborators to read without dealing with the authentication required by
To offer datasets as a pin on S3 via
board_url() you would:
board_s3("your-existing-bucket")(set the bucket's permissions to give appropriate people access).
S3 buckets typically have a URL like
https://your-existing-bucket.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/. For a person who has access to your bucket, they can read your pins by setting up a board like:
#| eval: false board <- board_url("https://your-existing-bucket.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/")
Any scripts or data that you put into this service are public.
Add the following code to your website.
For more information on customizing the embed code, read Embedding Snippets.
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://rdrr.io/cran/pins/f/vignettes/using-board-url.Rmd
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GS Paper 2, Indian Politics, Comparison of Indian Constitution
Pakistan’s Republic Day March 23rd -Pakistan Day:
- March 23rd, holds more recall and relevance in the country than the anniversary of its becoming a Republic -Three Constitutions.
- Since its creation, Pakistan has seen three Constitutions, and several dictatorships when the Constitution has been suspended.
Significance of March 23:
- On March 23 in 1940, the All India Muslim League adopted the Lahore Resolution, demanding a separate nation for Muslims. In independent Pakistan, thus, this day is celebrated as Pakistan Day.
- In 1956, on the same day, the country officially adopted its first Constitution, which transformed the Dominion of Pakistan to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
- Awareness and literacy about the Constitution is not very high among the average Pakistani, which is why Pakistan Day holds more significance.
The First Constitution:
Pakistan took nine years and two Constituent Assemblies to adopt its first Constitution. The death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah soon after Pakistan was formed, political instability, the enormity of the task at hand, and the dissolving of the first Constituent Assembly in 1954 by Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad, who felt it was clipping his powers, all contributed to it.
- Challenges: The drawing up of Pakistan’s Constitution was an unprecedented exercise, for the first time, a modern democratic nation was trying to give itself an Islamic Constitution. The Constituent Assembly had three thorny challenges – to decide the nature and extent of Islam’s influence on the Constitution; to balance the rights and interests of East and West Pakistan; and to safeguard minority rights in a nation born as a Muslim homeland. –
- Objectives Resolution: On March 12, 1949, the Constituent Assembly passed the Objectives Resolution, meant to serve as a guide for the Constitution. It stated that Sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Allah Almighty alone and the authority which He has delegated to the state of Pakistan, through its people for being exercised within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust.
The principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance, and social justice, as enunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed, the Muslims shall be enabled to order their lives in the individual and collective spheres in accordance with the teachings and requirements of Islam as set out in the Holy Quran and Sunnah.
- Example for other Islamic countries: Pakistan’s Constitution eventually served as an example for other Islamic countries, such as Malaysia and Nigeria.
- Objections to the Objectives Resolution: While the Resolution did say that “adequate provision shall be made for the minorities to freely progress and practice their religions and develop their cultures,” minority members of the Assembly objected to it, with Dhaka-born Sris Chandra Chattopadhyaya saying, “In my conception of (the) state where people of different religions live there is no place for religion in the state.”
Yet others pointed out that the spirit of the Resolution went against Jinnah’s vision of an equal Pakistan. The Objectives Resolution was finally adopted with all 10 minority members voting against it.
- Adoption of the first Constitution: Seven years after the Objectives Resolution, the first Constitution was adopted, with the Islamic republic of having a unicameral Parliament, of 300 members divided equally between West and East Pakistan.
- Short-lived: This Constitution proved short-lived, abrogated by President Sikandar Mirza on October 7, 1958, and replaced with martial law.
The Second Constitution
- Second Constitution: Under General Muhammad Ayub Khan, Pakistan got its second Constitution in 1962.
- Not a consensus document: This Constitution was not a consensus document, and heavily concentrated powers in the hands of the President. The all-powerful President was to be elected indirectly – an electoral college of ‘Basic Democrats’, elected by the public, would choose the President.
- Inputs from common people: This Constitution sought inputs from the common people, in a bid to give it some legitimacy.
- Duration: This Constitution lasted for seven years. On March 25, 1969, martial law was imposed again, by General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan.
- Results of the first general election: Under Yahya Khan, the first general elections were held in December 1970. The results of this election set in motion the change of events that created Bangladesh in 1971.
The Third, and Current, Constitution
- Third and current Constitution: In 1973, Pakistan got the Constitution that still governs it.
- Key features: The three key features of this Constitution are a Parliamentary democracy, where power rests with an elected Prime Minister and his ministers answerable to Parliament; a federal structure; and expanded fundamental rights.
- Prime Minister has to be elected: The Prime Minister has to be elected, he can’t come from the Upper House. Also, both President and PM have to be Muslims.
- 18th amendment: The 18th amendment of 2010 is another crucial feature, which empowered the Provincial governments to a great degree, diluting the powers held by the Federal government.
- Suspensions: This Constitution was suspended twice, under General Zia-ul-Haq (1977-1985) and General Pervez Musharraf (1999-2002). -Amendments: Over time, various amendments have removed a lot of changes brought in by Zia.
Pakistan’s Republic Day
- Pakistan’s Republic Day is celebrated on March 23rd
- However, it holds less significance compared to Pakistan Day (also celebrated on March 23rd)
- Pakistan has had three Constitutions since its creation
- The first Constitution was adopted in 1956, transforming the Dominion of Pakistan to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
- The first Constitution faced challenges of deciding the influence of Islam on the Constitution, balancing the rights of East and West Pakistan, and protecting minority rights
- The first Constitution was abrogated in 1958 by President Sikandar Mirza and replaced with martial law
- The second Constitution was adopted in 1962, heavily concentrating powers in the hands of the President
- The second Constitution was also abrogated by martial law in 1969
- The current Constitution, adopted in 1973, features a parliamentary democracy, a federal structure, and expanded fundamental rights
- The Constitution has been suspended twice by military dictators, but various amendments have removed changes made during those times
- Awareness and literacy about the Constitution is currently low among the general population, but it is increasing among certain groups agitating for their rights.
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The South Indians have an uncanny belief that if a pregnant woman adds saffron to her daily allowance ofmilk, the baby will be of fair complexion. Forget about the genes, heredity and what ever comes to your mind. Now talking about saffron, it had a rich cultural past and has a bright future ahead.
Saffron is a famous historical spice that had its origins in
. It was a favorite of Alexander the Great who used it in his infusions, rice and bath. Indians, Persians, Europeans, Arabs and Turkish love to add saffron to their cuisines. Greece
Talking about the healthbenefits of saffron it not only spices up your food but also your life. It is effective for treating depression, menstrual discomfort, premenstrual syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. Several modern researchers say that saffron may have cancer suppressing, mutation preventing and antioxidant properties.
This deep auburn colored spice protects your eye health and plays a chemo-preventive fight against liver cancer. Saffron improves digestion and appetite. It provides relief from gas and acidity problems. A warm glass of milk topped with a few shreds of saffron promotes good sleep as it has mild sedative properties.
The saffron extract indirectly helps in weight loss because it controls compulsive eating habits.
Saffron is safe if taken in small amounts. Large amounts are totally unsafe. Care should be taken while including saffron during pregnancy. Large amounts of saffron can make the uterus contract and may cause a miscarriage. Saffron affects mood and it is not good for those suffering from bipolar disorder.
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Decade of Destruction: The High Cost of Hurricanes [Infographic]
Katrina. Wilma. Sandy. During the past 10 years, these names have unfortunately become common parts of the American lexicon. They symbolize a decade that featured 15 of the costliest hurricanes on record that resulted in thousands of casualties, millions of destroyed homes, and more than $310 billion in total damage.
This “Decade of Destruction” infographic from MPA@UNC, the online format of the Master of Public Administration program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, explores the devastating damage caused by hurricanes between 2004 and 2013, the relief and recovery efforts of government agencies and NGOs, and preventive measures taken to protect the nation’s most vulnerable communities from future natural disasters.
Take the Next Step
Advance your career in public administration by earning an MPA degree online from UNC.
|
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://onlinempa.unc.edu/blog/decade-destruction-high-cost-hurricanes-infographic/
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| 182
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|
The science behind the benefits of sleep — for our success, our mood, our performance, or our overall well-being — continues to mount, and one constant thread persists: Most of us need more sleep. Research from the CDC reveals one in three adults suffers from lack of sleep on a daily basis, and on a regular night, most Americans are sleeping two hours less than we were a century ago. According to National Geographic, we’re spending more than $411 billion to make up for the loss of productivity and accidents caused by exhaustion alone.
If you’re constantly yawning and seeking extra shots of espresso, you probably know that you’re tired. But your body could be sending you other, more surprising clues that you need more hours of nightly shut-eye. Here are a few subtle (but important!) signs to look out for:
You’re craving sugar
If you find yourself consistently reaching for your 3 p.m. candy bar to get through the afternoon, your body could be telling you that you’re not hungry — you’re tired. Studies show that adults who are more tired tend to crave sweets throughout the day. That’s because getting less sleep causes your body to produce a hunger hormone called ghrelin, and decreases production of the hormone leptin — the chemical that tells your body you’re full.
According to the APA, regularly skimping on snooze time can amplify feelings of anger and aggression throughout the day. In a 2018 study, scientists looked at 142 participants who were randomly assigned to varied levels of sleep restriction, and then asked them to rate their negative feelings thereafter. Those who got less sleep showed intensified signs of anger and irritability, highlighting just another reason to get a couple extra hours of sleep tonight.
You text while half asleep
Have you ever opened your eyes in the middle of the night, reached for your phone, and sent a text while half asleep? As it turns out, there’s science behind this kind of “sleep texting,” and it usually means you’re not as well-rested as you might have thought. A study published in 2018 by the Journal of American College Health surveyed 372 students, measuring the different patterns in those who use their cell phones during sleep and those who don’t. The researchers found that the students who texted in their sleep had poor overall sleep quality on a regular basis, showing a clear link between screen time and sleep disruption.
You fall asleep right away
If you doze off the moment your head hits the pillow, your body could be sending you a sign that you’re exhausted. The National Sleep Foundation tells us that it should take us anywhere between 10 and 20 minutes to fall asleep after getting into bed, and if you’re snoozing within seconds of getting under the covers, you’re probably more tired than you should be.
You’re breaking out
Whether you like it or not, there’s a reason we call it “beauty sleep,” and that’s because the physical act of sleeping puts your body through a process of recovery and rest, and that includes your skin. Studies show that sleep deprivation has been linked to the formation of dark under-eye circles and even breakouts, while lowering collagen production and skin hydration. Sleep plays a vital role in restoring the immune system, so if your body is in a high-stress state for too long, it could start showing on your skin.
You’re clumsier than usual
Sports and performance researchers have spent years looking at the importance of adequate sleep for top athletes, in terms of seeing optimal results. But the rest of us can feel a lack of sleep on our own physical abilities, too. People who are constantly tired seem to have slower motor skills, which is what causes us to trip on our way to work, or knock over the glass of water on our desk.
You have no night-time routine
End-of-day rituals allow us to wind down, relax, and recharge from our workday — and if you completely skip the routine to immediately hit the pillow, that could be a sign that you’re too tired. By implementing small steps to disconnect from your day, like setting an alarm to put away your phone, or journaling for a few minutes of reflection, you’re putting your body in a state of relaxation, allowing you to sleep more soundly and wake up feeling well-rested. By neglecting any sort of bedtime routine, you may find it more difficult to stop your mind from racing and to send your body into a sound sleep — causing you to feel exhausted the following day.
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Why stop at English? There are plenty of reasons to learn a language and sharpening up your brain tops them all.
You sometimes forget things or find it hard to retain information. Perhaps you struggle to concentrate for long periods, although in the age of Instagram stories it’s you and about 2 billion others. You’re not dumb (of course not) but fear your grey matter may be letting you down.
It could be time to build some brain muscle – but how? Cryptic crosswords or sudoku work for some but send others into a violent rage. Besides, puzzles aren’t the most interactive way of engaging our intellect.
Learning another language may be the answer. It’ll not only boost your cognitive skills but also help in warding off the likes of dementia later on in life.
Many of us were encouraged / forced to endure foreign language classes in high school and for most that’s where studying languages ended.
Unless you were lucky enough to have a flamenco dancing Spanish teacher putting on a piñata every class there was little incentive to pay attention.
After two years of French a student might go on to visit Paris one day only to remember critical phrases such as “Is the window open?” or “Your dog is black”.
Travelling overseas was still a novelty idea until the 1990s when working holidays and backpacking became the thing to do for twenty-somethings.
Then flights became cheaper, new destinations started popping up and plenty of people were up for overseas travel. Learning at least the basics of a foreign language was the norm.
Then along came 2020 and the travel brakes were firmly applied.
While current restrictions may prevent us from the thrills of foreign travel, there are still plenty of opportunities to utilize a second language.
So choose a language, any language and reap the benefits.
Or “colher os beneficios” / “gặt hái những lợi ích” as they say in Portuguese and Vietnamese. See you’re learning already.
Learning a new language means learning new grammatical systems and structures. It requires deep analytical thinking and calls on your problem – solving abilities which transfer favorably into many other facets of life. This can range from deciding how to cut costs at home and work to assembling supposedly simple bookshelves from certain Scandinavian furniture stores.
As you push yourself to memorize and recall new vocabulary and patterns, you’ll notice your ability to retain information, directions, numbers and names will be improved.
This goes beyond remembering where you put your keys or the name of your aunt’s neighbour’s dog.
A stronger memory enables you to remember precise details about others which strengthens relationships.
Anything of interest or importance that you’ve read, heard or watched is now committed to memory and can be called upon whenever needed. Within reason of course – proudly naming every Oscar winner for the past 40 years is showing off and unnecessary.
Can’t understand me? Great!
An often overlooked bonus of speaking a second language is being able to gossip and complain about people right in front of them. It’s even better if at least someone else understands and is in cahoots. People may suspect you’re talking about them but won’t be able to prove it. The perfect crime.
Freely criticizing sloppy restaurant service, bad breath, dull speeches – the sky really is the limit.
Childish? Probably. Fun? Definitely.
Observe, decide, act
Learning a new language requires you to quickly decide on the appropriate grammar and tone to use in various situations. Each language is unique in its nuances and colloquialisms.
Think of how we adapt our English depending on who we’re talking to and where. It comes naturally to native speakers and to then be able to do it in a second language will sharpen your overall decision – making ability.
You’ll be able to quickly focus on likely outcomes, recognize misleading information and be confident in your choices.
I’ll steer clear of those stocks, I’ll start looking for a new job, I won’t call my next born child Ophelia or Wigbert.
Need a Punjabi speaker? Here I am
Having at least conversational level skills in a foreign language can make you more employable.
Being fluent in the most sought – after languages such as Mandarin, Spanish, Japanese and German will open plenty of doors. Even if your second language isn’t as widely used it still shows prospective employers you have the grit to knuckle down and apply your smarts to something.
Word of warning – be sure your skills are as you say. Nothing worse than being unable to answer “How are you today?” in your claimed second language.
An awkward silence is awkward in any language.
There are plenty of languages out there for everyone. Learning with a friend can be not only great fun but also a powerful motivator to stick at it.
Or course, learning by yourself ticks plenty of boxes. Go at your own pace, keeping your new language powers secret until you can suddenly reveal them for mass effect.
Imagine the panicky scenes at an amusement park as a lost child from overseas tries to communicate with hapless staff.
“Does anyone speak Southern Azerbaijani?!” someone asks.
Calmly you step forward, clearing your throat. “Əlbəttə – Kömək etmək üçün burdayam.”
“Of course – I’m here to help.”
I think lockdowns due to COVID have prompted many to continue, or enrol, in language courses but nothing beats learning by staying in a “foreign” country eh? That said, online classes may be the only way to go for quite a while, so time to knuckle down & start using what’s left of one’s grey matter.
You can’t beat the immersion way – sink or swim. Usually sinking more than swimming but fun all the same
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In the circulatory system, your veins are blood vessels that are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back into the heart. Veins are less muscular than arteries and tend to be closer to the surface of the skin. When the veins are unable to properly regulate the flow of blood, the blood can collect and clot, causing the veins to swell. These swollen veins that appear on the surface of the skin are called varicose veins.
Varicose veins are often a dull red or blue color, and may appear raised above the surface of the skin, resembling swollen, twisted cords. This can often cause bothersome and painful symptoms. The reasons why our veins appear purple or blue is because oxygen has been removed from your blood before it travels back in your heart. Unfortunately, certain conditions can cause your veins to not move blood back into your heart properly from your legs, such as when the one-way valves located along the blood vessels begin to function improperly, causing pressure and congestion in your veins. The veins tend to enlarge or look swollen, which is what varicose means.
Treatment of varicose veins has come a long way since the primary varicose vein treatment was vein stripping. Doctors used to pull the varicose veins out of the skin through small incisions. Today, there are a variety of treatments to choose from. If you are experiencing any of the following, it’s best that you see a doctor right away:
· Pain from your veins disrupts your everyday life
· You have leg pain and discomfort
· Your veins are swollen, bleeding, warm, or sore
· You feel embarrassed to show off your legs in public
· You have a rash or sores
Your doctor will often be able to diagnose that you have varicose veins just from a quick evaluation of your legs while sitting and standing. You may need to answer some questions about your symptoms and the type of pain you are feeling, and the doctor may request that you have an ultrasound test to examine the blood flow in your veins.
Do you feel that you may be developing or suffering from varicose veins? Seeking help is the first step towards diagnosing the problem and getting the proper treatment for your varicose veins. Neglecting to get help could lead to severe circulatory problems and even blood clots.
Varicose veins could simply be an aesthetic issue to be fixed, or it could be a sign of a more serious condition. Give yourself some peace of mind and consult with an expert in the field of diagnosing and treating varicose veins. Call the Vein Institute & MediSpa in Kingwood, Texas today at (281) 312-0208 to request an appointment, or request an appointment online.
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The Rationale for the Existence of Independent Constitutional Commissions
The current crisis at the Independent Boundaries and Electoral Commission (IEBC) has brought into focus the role of independent commissions. Our constitution dedicates Chapter 15 to commissions. It lists ten constitutional commissions and two independent offices. These are the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR), National Land Commission (NLC), IEBC, Parliamentary Service Commission, Judicial Service Commission (JSC), Commission on Revenue Allocation (CRA), Public Service Commission (PSC), Teachers Service Commission (TSC) and the National Police Service Commission (NPSC). The two independent offices are the Auditor General and the Controller of Budget.
In reality we have 14 constitutional commissions. The additional four are the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) which is established under Article 79; the Commission on Administrative Justice (CAJ or the Ombudsman); the National Gender and Equality Commission (NGEC) and the Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC). The CAJ and the NGEC are successor commissions to the KNCHR under Article 59 which allows Parliament to restructure the KNCHR into two or more commissions. The KLRC, while not expressly recognized in Chapter 15, is required by the transitional provisions to work with the now defunct Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution (CIC) and the Attorney General to prepare the laws to implement the constitution. There is a third independent office, too: the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).
Why Independent Commissions?
The existence of independent commissions can be traced to both local and international factors. There is wide recognition internationally that certain functions that are necessary to enhance democracy can best be carried out by a state body that is independent of the formal government. Most attention has been given to human rights protection. In 1993 the UN General Assembly adopted what are now known as the Paris Principles. These Principles set out the critical elements that a national human rights body should meet to be considered functionally independent.
However, the rationale for the inclusion of most of the commissions in our constitution is local. During the constitution making process, people’s trust in the government was quite low, especially because of the centralization of power in the presidency and the abuse that came with it. In essence, the president and those who wielded power around him, directed what should be done in nearly every sector of the state on the basis of political convenience regardless of how unprofessional or what adverse effects such action would have. The best examples are land and security.
Under the former Constitution and the laws, the President had immense powers over who got land and what land was used for. There is a story that President Jomo Kenyatta would get into his car with surveyors in tow, and ask the driver to drive without an indication of precisely where he was headed. Then he would doze off, and when he awoke, he would order the driver to stop. The beacons to demarcate land would be put between the points he dozed off and where he awoke. How much land one got depended on how heavy the President’s sleep was on the particular day. The myth continues that obviously his sleep was heavier when it was his or a family member’s turn to get the land.
Similar myths are related about former President Moi –especially about his control over the national security apparatus to perpetuate his power. My favourite is the one showing the fear Moi created amongst government officers: when he telephoned senior government officials, they would stand at attention, in the privacy of their offices, throughout the conversation and the only acceptable response from their side was “Yes Sir!”.
These and other stories (however mythical) illustrate people’s perception – perhaps not so far from reality – of how those who were in power abused their position for personal gain yet none of the public officers would stand up to them or speak out. Independent Commissions were conceived as a check against this wanton abuse of power by senior state officials.
Because of the importance of certain sectors and the attendant abuse of power, Kenyans thought it wise to remove critical aspects of those sectors from the mainstream government and allocate it to independent bodies that would not be under the general direction of formal government actors from the executive or the legislature. The various principles in Chapter 15 and those guiding the establishment of each commission reflects this motivation.
The Independence in Independent Commissions
The constitution contemplates that there are two critical facets of independence
The first is institutional independence which is supported by many elements, including financial independence – that is the Commission being given sufficient funds to allow it reasonably discharge its mandate with ease. Personnel independence – the ability of the commission to hire its own key staff members to minimize manipulation from other sectors of the state – is also key.
Individual independence is perhaps the more critical of the two components of independence. This relates to the independence and integrity of the individual commissioners. The constitution contemplates that those who serve in commissions (especially the commissioners) should be persons of principle and great integrity. They have to be able to stand up to even the most powerful person in government (ordinarily the President) and be ready to speak out against the excesses of power regardless who the culprit is. Importantly, they have to ensure that their commission discharges its mandate with integrity and on the basis of professionalism. That personal independence is supposed to be guaranteed by an appointment process that means commissioners do not feel beholden to those who will be affected by their decisions, and by their being very hard to dismiss –so they do not kowtow to those who can remove them.
And now back to the IEBC. Indeed, while there are many issues that dog the IEBC, the main complaint seems to be that of independence and integrity of individual commissioners. The perception and allegations that the commissioners are too close – or are desperate to be close – to Jubilee government compromises their ability to be or be seen to be neutral arbiters for the 2017 elections. And – like the courts – it is not just important that justice is done, but that it is seen to be done. Perceptions are crucial.
So has the system of independent commissions failed? The constitution makers perhaps faltered at the final stage. Having devised a system of independent commissions, they left the details of appointments processes to law (made by Parliament). And they gave the National Assembly the power to approve (or disapprove) commissioners, and the role of deciding whether a complaint against commissioners should lead to removal proceedings.
But the job of policing politicians and operating a system that ensures they behave with integrity during elections is the job of the IEBC. Is it right that the majority in the National Assembly (necessarily biased to their own parties’ interests) should approve IEBC commissioners, and be able to block their removal?
The real problem does not lie just with specific provisions of the constitution of course. The integrity of individuals, and a minimum level of trust in institutions is also vital. The institutions also depend on the public: not just trust, but on being given accurate information of what is going wrong, what needs investigation. We seem to be strong on allegations but less so on concrete facts.
Nor is it a matter of just one commission: the EACC and the DPP have a major role in keeping their fellow independent commissions and offices in compliance with the law and the constitution. The whole structure –intended to ensure integrity, competence and freedom from interference from those with vested interests – seems to be wobbling.
By WAIKWA WANYOIKE, DIRECTOR KATIBA INSTITUTE.
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Parenting Young Kids: 3 Do's and Don'ts
We all dream to be that perfect parent, but growing up under the influence of Asian tiger parenting, it gives us conflicting ideas on how to raise our children positively. One of the most tricky thing about parenting young kids is that we unconsciously become the tiger parent (someone you wish you don't become) to our kids and lose ourselves in the process. And when children start acting out, we just punish and discipline them like how our parents did - we yell and spank them. It's not because we want to, but because we simply don't know the right way to parent our kids.
Don't worry. Here, we'll discuss the Do's and Don'ts to help your child grow up positively without having to lose yourself in the process.
DON'T YELL AND SPANK
Children having temper tantrums are normal, and it is an important part of growing up. Children act out because they do not know what's right and how to communicate effectively. If we only focus on punishing their mistakes and bad behaviours, then we are not playing the role of a parent, which is to guide and teach.
DO'S: BE AN EFFECTIVE GUIDE
Be a loving and supportive parent by guiding children toward the right direction. We should model the right behaviour so children can learn from us. Teach them what's right to do instead of punishing what's wrong. For example, when children get angry and start hitting or throwing, we can guide them to talk nicely and think of solutions to their problems. "Your brother took your toy. I know you're upset. It must have been difficult for you. But hitting or throwing is not going to make you feel better. Why don't we try to think of how we can solve this problem without hurting anyone?"
DON'T SPOON-FEED YOUR KIDS
Every parent wants to be there for their kids 24/7 because we want the best for them. We want to keep them safe and happy all the time. But the truth is, we can't always be there for them every step of the way. We can't control their every movement and actions. And most importantly, we can't always protect them from mistakes and failures because children have to fail to learn.
DO'S: LET KIDS EXPLORE AND BE INDEPENDENT
As young as two years old, children are capable of making choices and decisions for themselves. Give your child the freedom and control to choose his own snacks, clothes, and activities. Let children take part in simple house chores (laundry, bed sheets, setting up table) and daily self-care routines (dressing up, shower). You can also include them in simple problem-solving matters like how to cook noodles, how to clean up dirty tables, etc. Provide children with the opportunity to learn, to be independent, and to expand their critical and dynamic thinking.
DON'T DOWNPLAY EMOTIONS/FEELINGS
Do you find yourself saying "don't cry!" or "stop crying now!" to your kids? If you do, I'm going to ask you to stop and reconsider. When we deny and ignore our children's emotional expression, we are downplaying their feelings. We are indirectly telling them that showing negative emotions are wrong and that they are not allowed to have negative feelings. But emotions, be it positive and negative, are part of our body's physiological response to our environment. It is not something we can just switch it off. If we adults can't even switch off anger and sadness (yelling and spanking kids when we're angry), we shouldn't expect our children to do it too.
DO'S: TEACH THEM TO RECOGNISE AND REGULATE EMOTIONS
Instead of asking children to shut off their negative emotions, we can guide them to identify, recognise, and understand their feelings. Children's emotional part of the brain is still developing, and they need lots of guidance and support from us to help them get through these overwhelming emotional roller-coaster journeys.
For example, "I can see that you're really sad right now. It is normal to have this feeling, and it is okay to cry. I'm going to stay here with you, and we can talk about it when you're ready. Would you like a hug?"
Another example, "I can see that you're angry right now. I want you to know that I'll be here if you need me. When you're ready, we can talk about it. Take your time."
Often, when children are throwing tantrums, they feel lost and confused. It is important for us to give them assurance and support in those challenging times.
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The importance of using the right detuned filter
In this article, we will explain how the installation of a capacitor bank is in itself a change in the electrical installation; a change in which a poor choice of capacitor bank could destabilise the system due to the harmonics; causing serious problems in the capacitor bank itself and in the installation, with resulting downtime and considerable financial losses.
We will try to explain the different tuning frequencies and the consequences of a poor choice in this tuning, as well as the recommendation for avoiding these possible risks.
The search for improved energy efficiency and the increases in electrical tariffs are making power factor correction with capacitor banks more and more common. However, like any electrical unit, these capacitor banks have several electrical effects on the installation where they are installed. The most important effect, as well as correcting the installation's reactive energy consumption, is the change in the behaviour with respect to the harmonics present in the electrical network. This change may have a negative impact on power factor correction in the medium-term , an electrical destabilisation in the installation, or even production downtime.
Electrical installations are becoming more and more complex, and include different inductive loads, capacitive loads and power electronics. These networks often contain significant levels of harmonic distortion, which has led the large majority of manufacturers of automatic capacitor banks to unanimously include units specifically designed for use in such networks in their catalogue.
However, where there is no such unanimity is in the choice of the tuning frequency offered as standard, both in automatic capacitor banks and in fixed compensation units fitted with detuned filters.
For the far less common case of predominant 3rd order harmonics (150 Hz in 50 Hz networks), the use of detuned filters tuned at 134 Hz is more common (overvoltage factor of p = 14%); but for the large majority of installations, where a capacitor bank has to be fitted with detuned filters that is appropriate for 5th order harmonics (250 Hz in 50 Hz networks) or higher, which are normally produced by the more usual harmonic current sources, in other words, three-phase loads fitted with a 6-pulse diode rectifier bridge in its input: speed or frequency drives, AC/DC rectifiers, induction ovens, etc., the variety of proposed tuning frequencies is significantly varied, generally moving within a range of between 170 and 215 Hz (p = 8.7% to p = 5.4%).
However, there are two tunings that stand out over the rest: those corresponding to an overvoltage factor of p = 7% (tuning frequency of 189 Hz in 50 Hz networks) and p = 5.67% (tuning frequency of 210 Hz in 50 Hz networks).
It could easily be deduced from the above that the choice of a value of p = 7% or p = 5.67% might be indifferent and that both should give the same result for the effects of their behaviour when they are connected to the electrical network, but this is not strictly true.
To follow the arguments of this last comment, we will briefly go through the operating principle of detuned filters. Observing the la impedance-frequency graph of a standard reactor-capacitor unit with p = 7% (green line in Fig. 1), we see that it offers least impedance at 189 Hz, whereas that corresponding to p = 5.67% (red line in Fig. 1) offers the least impedance at 210 Hz. In both cases, the impedance gradually increases on either side of it, with the particular feature that the impedance is capacitive at frequencies under 189 Hz, and inductive at higher frequencies. It is precisely this inductive character with harmonic frequencies of the 5th order or higher that prevents the possibility of a resonance phenomenon being produced at any of those frequencies. However, another key parameter for the correct operation of the detuned filter is the value of said impedance at the different harmonic frequencies. Therefore, at said impedance-frequency in Fig. 1 the impedance difference of each tuning can clearly be seen at a harmonic frequency of 250 Hz which, we will remember, is the predominant frequency of the voltage and/or frequency harmonics in the electrical networks. For p = 5.67%, the value of the impedance is practically half of the value for p = 7%.
What is the main consequence of this impedance difference shown by both tunings? It is easy to deduce that the absorption of harmonic currents in the mains will be higher for p = 5.67% than for p = 7%. This could be understood as beneficial for the installation if it were deduced that the 5th order harmonic current level upstream of the connection point of the capacitor bank to the mains will be lower as compared to that which there would be with a similar power capacitor bank by p = 7% type tuning; however, both experience and the reality of the nature of the majority of networks, which is far from what would be ideal network behaviour, mean that this perception is not correct on a large number of occasions.
The use of passive harmonic filters is a subject which always requires a minimal preliminary study, as their behaviour depends on the network features. Therefore, the aim to compare the use to a certain extent of a filter tuned to 210 Hz with that which one would have tuned to 225 Hz, which is the normal frequency of absorption filters for 5th order harmonic currents in 50 Hz networks, should also have said consideration, and this is rarely so. Briefly, it is more unpredictable to determine the actual harmonic current consumption that a capacitor bank can have with p = 5.67% type filters than that which an identical one would have with p = 7%, when both are installed in the same network.
There are also other points to be considered. One basic point is the fact that if, to start with, that of p = 5.67% is going to have a larger harmonic current consumption, its elements, principally the reactor and the associated capacitor, must be designed to withstand the overload to which they are to be subject on the level of intensity and temperature; and here we are faced with one of the main problems of these filters. In the particular case of the reactors, these, at an equal power of p = 7%, and, if the design criterion has been based on this value, the result is a smaller and lighter reactor, or a lower cost, and the same temptation can be applied to the capacitors, in the sense that the overvoltage to which they are subject will be 25% smaller than if p = 7%, and therefore the use of capacitors of a lower rated voltage may be justified. In short, there is a risk that the capacitor bank might have to withstand higher levels of harmonic overloading with weaker elements, which would inevitably cause faster wear than in the similar element of p = 7%.
The other essential point to be considered, which is the most important in the opinion of CIRCUTOR, is the influence of the capacitor capacity in tuning the reactor-capacitor series group according to the formula in Fig. 2.
It is easy to deduce that a decrease in the capacitor capacity will result in an increase in the unit's resonance frequency. Capacitors are elements that lose capacity with time either due to their conditions of use (voltage, temperature, connection operation rate, etc.), or due to the natural deterioration of the polypropylene of their dielectrics. A same loss of capacity in a p = 5.67% filter and in one of p = 7% , means that the first will come much closer to the 5th order frequency than the second, and the closer it comes, the greater harmonic current absorption it will present, the greater overloading it will suffer, leading to greater deterioration. In other words, the safety margin given with this loss of capacity is considerably higher in a filter with p = 7%.
The conclusion in this case is clear, and is CIRCUTOR's unequivocal recommendation of the use of filters with p = 7% instead of p = 5.67% in all installations where they have to be applied due to the level of harmonic distortion.
The purpose of this recommendation is none other than to reduce the obvious risk that a loss of capacitor capacity could cause the appearance of serious problems as a result of overcurrents in the capacitor bank much earlier, allowing a longer reaction time through the pertinent maintenance actions that are always recommendable in any unit and the application of corrective measures before the damage is definitive and, therefore, worse economic conditions.
WRITTEN BY CIRCUTOR
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In conclusion, understanding the difference between being sensitive and emotional is key to managing your reactions in any situation. Emotions can be powerful and overwhelming, while sensitivity helps us to respond more positively by noticing subtle cues that others may miss.
What is emotion?
(Photo by Ben White on Unsplash )
Emotion is a complex mental state that includes feelings, thoughts, and physiological changes. Sensitivity is a trait that refers to how easily someone is affected by their environment or by other people. Emotional people are often highly sensitive, but the two terms are not interchangeable. Emotional people may be more likely to experience and express a wider range of emotions, both positive and negative. They may also be more in touch with their feelings and better able to understand and empathize with others.
What is being sensitive?
(Image by Robin Higgins from Pixabay )
Being sensitive refers to the ability to be aware of and understand the needs of others. It is often used interchangeably with the term “empathetic.” Being sensitive requires being able to read nonverbal cues, such as body language and tone of voice, in order to understand how someone is feeling. It also involves being able to put yourself in another person’s shoes and understand their perspective.
What is the difference between sensitive and emotional?
Sensitive people are more in tune with the emotions of those around them and are more likely to be affected by them. Emotional people are more likely to express their own emotions, and may have a harder time controlling them.
The different types of emotions
There are many different types of emotions that humans experience, ranging from basic feelings like happiness and sadness to more complex emotions like envy, guilt, and shame. Here are some examples:
- Happiness: A feeling of joy or pleasure.
- Sadness: A feeling of sorrow or despair.
- Anger: A feeling of intense displeasure or hostility.
- Fear: A feeling of apprehension or anxiety about a potential threat or danger.
- Love: A feeling of deep affection and attachment.
- Envy: A feeling of discontent or resentment towards someone who has something we desire.
- Guilt: A feeling of remorse or regret for something we have done wrong.
- Shame: A feeling of humiliation or embarrassment for something we have done or are perceived to have done.
- Disgust: A feeling of revulsion or repulsion towards something.
- Surprise: A feeling of astonishment or amazement at something unexpected.
- Excitement: A feeling of anticipation or eagerness.
- Contentment: A feeling of satisfaction and fulfillment.
These emotions can be experienced in varying degrees and combinations, and can be influenced by individual and cultural factors. Understanding and managing our emotions is an important aspect of our mental and emotional well-being.
How to deal with emotions
Dealing with emotions can be challenging, but there are strategies that can help. Here are some tips for managing emotions:
- Acknowledge and identify the emotion: It’s important to recognize and name the emotion you are feeling, as this can help you better understand and manage it.
- Take a step back: Try to remove yourself from the situation or trigger that is causing the emotion, if possible. This can help you gain perspective and prevent you from acting impulsively.
- Practice mindfulness: Mindfulness techniques, such as deep breathing and meditation, can help you stay grounded and centered in the present moment.
- Seek support: Talking to a trusted friend, family member, or therapist can provide you with emotional support and help you process your feelings.
- Engage in self-care: Taking care of your physical and emotional needs, such as getting enough sleep, eating healthy, and engaging in activities that bring you joy and relaxation, can help you better cope with emotions.
- Practice problem-solving: If the emotion is caused by a specific problem or situation, use problem-solving techniques to address and resolve the issue.
- Use positive coping mechanisms: Engage in healthy coping mechanisms, such as exercise, creative activities, or hobbies, instead of turning to negative coping mechanisms like substance abuse or self-harm.
What are the pros and cons of being a sensitive person?
There are both pros and cons to being a sensitive person. On the plus side, sensitive people are often highly attuned to the emotions of others and can be very compassionate. They may also be good at picking up on subtleties and nuances that others might miss. On the downside, sensitive people can sometimes be overly reactive to things happening around them and may have difficulty dealing with strong emotions. They may also find it hard to assert themselves or set boundaries with others.
What are the pros and cons of being an emotional person?
There are both pros and cons to being an emotional person. On the plus side, emotional people are generally very compassionate and caring. They are often good at reading other people’s emotions and can be very supportive friends or partners. On the downside, emotional people can sometimes be clingy or overbearing. They may also have a hard time dealing with constructive criticism or negative feedback.
Is being emotional or sensitive a negative trait?
There is a common misconception that being emotional or sensitive is a negative trait. This couldn’t be further from the truth! Being emotional or sensitive simply means that you are in touch with your feelings and emotions. It doesn’t mean that you’re weak or delicate – it just means that you’re attuned to your innermost thoughts and feelings.
There’s nothing wrong with being emotional or sensitive. In fact, these traits can be quite strengths! People who are emotional or sensitive tend to be compassionate, caring, and understanding. They’re usually good at reading other people’s emotions, and they can be very supportive friends or partners.
If you’re emotional or sensitive, don’t let anyone tell you that it’s a bad thing! Embrace your sensitivity and use it to make the world a better place.
How do you know if you are emotionally sensitive?
When it comes to emotions, there are two types of people in the world: those who are emotionally sensitive and those who are not. But how can you tell if you’re emotionally sensitive? Here are some signs to look out for:
- You tend to feel things very deeply. Whether it’s happiness, sadness, anger, or love, your emotions are always intense.
- You have a hard time letting go of things. Once something bothers you, it’s hard to shake it off and move on.
- You’re highly attuned to the emotions of others. When somebody is happy or upset, you can’t help but feel it too.
- You’re a bit of a perfectionist. You strive for excellence in everything you do because you want to avoid feeling any negative emotions like disappointment or shame.
- You wear your heart on your sleeve. Your emotions are always written all over your face, and you have trouble hiding how you feel from others.
Can I be sensitive but not emotional?
Yes, you can be sensitive but not emotional. Sensitivity is about being aware of and responsive to the needs of others. It’s about being attuned to the emotions of others and picking up on social cues. It’s about being compassionate and understanding. Emotional, on the other hand, refers to your own emotions. When you’re emotional, you’re more likely to act impulsively and make decisions based on your feelings rather than logic. You might cry easily or get angry quickly. So, while you can be sensitive without being emotional, it’s harder to be emotional without also being sensitive.
What personality type is most sensitive?
There are a few different types of personality that tend to be more sensitive than others. The first is the type A personality. Type A personalities are often very driven and ambitious, and they can also be quite sensitive. They might take things personally or feel easily offended. Another type of personality that is often quite sensitive is the type B personality. Type Bs tend to be more laid back and easygoing, but they can still be quite sensitive. They might not get as offended as easily as a type A, but they can still be hurt by what others say or do.
Featured Image By – Photo by Andrik Langfield on Unsplash
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Helen Frankenthaler was a Master Artist in Residence at the Santa Fe Art Institute in 1986/1990/1991/1994. At SFAI, she conducted workshops/master classes for selected students/artists.
Helen Frankenthaler, a widely acclaimed member of the New York School and a leading figure of second-generation abstract expressionists, is a prominent American artist. Born in New York in 1928, Frankenthaler attended the Dalton School, where she studied with the Mexican painter Rufino Tamayo. After attending Bennington College in Vermont, she returned to New York to establish herself among the New York avant-garde. In 1950 she met the formalist art critic Clement Greenberg, who proved instrumental in acquainting Frankenthaler with leading figures in the New York art world such as Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning. Like them, she was interested in transforming elements of nature into abstract shapes and color. During the 1950s, Frankenthaler defined her personal style, moving away from abstract expressionism to develop a new technique: pouring thinned pigment onto unprimed canvas. This way of painting, asserting the primacy of color through fusing color and ground, led to a new style in art: color field painting. Frankenthaler’s Mountains and Sea (1952) signified a turning point in the artist’s career as in her large works she began to use this stain technique, pouring turpentine-thinned layers of paint over large unprimed canvases, with effects reminiscent of watercolor. For a number of her contemporaries, primary among them the artists of the Washington color school, soak-staining replaced the thickly painted, gestural strokes of action painting. This pouring technique created abstract fields, or shapes, of color, simplifications of scenes in nature, and achieved a dynamic lyricism that claims the picture space. Frankenthaler’s stained paintings, based on real or imaginary landscapes, epitomize her art. In 1958 Frankenthaler married painter, Robert Motherwell, from whom she was later divorced. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s she continued to explore the use of large abstract forms and rich color in her canvases; but in this later work, Frankenthaler began to “flood” her canvases with color rather than staining them, a result of the artist’s switch from oil to acrylic paint. She also experimented with other materials, producing steel sculptures, ceramic works, woodcuts, color prints, and illustrated books. In addition to teaching at New York, Harvard, Princeton, and Yale Universities, Frankenthaler has had numerous one-person exhibitions, including retrospectives at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1969 and the Museum of Modern Art, New York in 1989.
New York, NY USA
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Obesity and COVID-19
By Dr. Bassem Safadi, Professor and Chair, Department of Surgery
Some reports claim that high percentage of obese people are likely to contract COVID-19. Why is that?
Most reports have indicated that being overweight or obese increases the likelihood of getting a more serious form of COVID-19 infection. This is especially true if there are obesity related medical problems such as diabetes. Obesity is known to weaken the immune system and reduce the lung capacity so patients can develop shortness of breath and low oxygen levels faster than lean patients. We are not sure if obese patients are more likely to contract the virus itself (SARS-Cov-2) but they appear to be more vulnerable to the disease (COVID-19).
What are the added complications in treating an obese person infected with COVID-19?
The most difficult part in managing obese patients with COVID-19 is helping them with breathing and oxygenation. To start with, the lung is restricted in most obese patients and does not expand to full capacity. Many obese patients also have obstructive sleep apnea and are more likely to require a breathing tube in the trachea and a ventilator. Most COVID-19 patients are kept in the prone position when they are on mechanical ventilation and that is difficult to do when the patient is obese. Lastly, obesity increases the risk of diabetes, stroke, blood clots and other conditions that make patients susceptible to serious COVID-19 complications.
Would COVID-19 complications in obese people vary according to age?
The statistics are emerging from Europe and the US that age and obesity are both independent factors associated with higher morbidity and mortality from a COVID-19 infection. Intuitively, the combination of both should further increase the risk, but to date I am not aware of a study confirming that statistically.
With the lockdown, people are turning to food for comfort (cooking, baking and eating) which, without the regular exercise regime, might lead to weight gain and possibly reaching obesity. What is your advice on this?
Unfortunately, lockdown is not healthy. The combination of stress, anxiety, social isolation, inactivity and the abundance of food and “empty” time provide the perfect recipe for gaining weight. One should work hard to stay as active as possible, develop a routine when it comes to exercise and food, engage family members in fun activities and not succumb to stress and anxiety. This is hopefully a short-lived period that we will go through and emerge with strong spirits and hope.
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IRP study classifies vision loss and retinal changes in Stargardt disease
Research sheds light on severity for gene variants; establishes outcome measures for therapeutic trials
National Eye Institute researchers developed and validated an artificial-intelligence-based method to evaluate patients with Stargardt, an eye disease that can lead to childhood vision loss. The method quantifies disease-related loss of light-sensing retina cells, yielding information for monitoring patients, understanding genetic causes of the disease, and developing therapies to treat it. The findings published today in JCI Insight.
“These results provide a framework to evaluate Stargardt disease progression, which will help control for the significant variability from patient to patient and facilitate therapeutic trials,” said Michael F. Chiang, M.D., director of the NEI, which is part of the National Institutes of Health.
About 1 in 9,000 people develop the most common form of Stargardt, or ABCA4-associated retinopathy, an autosomal-recessive disease caused by variants to the ABCA4 gene, which contains genetic information for a transmembrane protein in light-sensing photoreceptor cells. People develop Stargardt when they inherit two mutated copies of ABCA4, one from each parent. People who have just one mutated copy of ABCA4 are genetic carriers, but do not develop the disease. More rare forms of Stargardt are associated with variants of other genes.
This page was last updated on Friday, May 13, 2022
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FRIDAY, April nine, 2021 (HealthDay News)
There is certainly far more than one particular form of fungus living amongst lung tissue, but individuals can breathe effortless understanding these species are for the most section harmless, experts say.
It is usual for individuals to have fungi in their lungs, and utilizing drugs like inhaled steroids would not hurt them, a analysis group located.
According to a group led by Einar Marius Hjellestad Martinsen, a doctoral applicant at the University of Bergen in Norway, it was extensive considered that healthy lungs have been sterile, with only ailments like long-term obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) enabling microorganisms to enter them and endure.
Now it’s been proven that many microorganisms reside in the lungs of healthy individuals, also.
In this review, Norwegian scientists analyzed lung and mouth samples from just about two hundred individuals with and without having COPD.
“Both of those healthy and diseased lungs had a diverse fungal composition than the mouth, suggesting that lungs have a special fungal atmosphere,” Hjellestad Martinsen reported in a university information launch.
Candida was the dominant fungus in the lungs. Scientists located no variances in fungal communities involving individuals with healthy lungs and individuals with COPD, and no variances involving COPD individuals who utilised inhaled steroids and individuals who did not.
That inhaled steroids don’t look to have an affect on fungal composition in the lungs is noteworthy, in accordance to the scientists.
They also reported that the prevalence and severity of fungal bacterial infections have enhanced in recent many years, and reported their getting that Candida is generally located in healthy lungs could be of exclusive importance.
Candida is section of the usual flora on many mucous membranes, and can trigger ailments these types of as thrush in the mouth or vagina.
“It would be of terrific desire to more study if fungal lung bacterial infections are induced by fungi that are by now current in the lungs,” Hjellestad Martinsen reported.
“If so, emphasis really should be put on these fungi to reveal what triggers are responsible for converting them from currently being ‘friendly residents’ of our lungs to disorder-producing thieves,” he extra.
The findings have been posted April 7 in the journal PLOS One.
A lot more information and facts
The U.S. Countrywide Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has far more on COPD.
Supply: University of Bergen, information launch, April 7, 2021
Copyright © 2021 HealthDay. All legal rights reserved.
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The primary source of human inspiration is nature. To a generation that grew up with cartoons and games all around them, maybe it is not so much the case. This leads to fun discoveries and innovative solutions, such as the one made Jesse Silverberg (Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering) and Nan Yang (Laboratory for the Design and Intelligent Control of Advanced Mechatronical Systems).
The potential of metamaterials
Metamaterials have tremendous potential and properties: while they can be amazing on paper, they pose a problem by the lack of practicality in theory and practice alike. Designing a metamaterial on paper to answer certain properties is out there, yet it doesn’t guarantee the material can have a physical existence. The other way is tricky as well: starting with a feasible metamaterial and trying to optimize it to achieve a desired feature is not guaranteed either.
Lego, bricks and colours
Silverberg and Yang found a clever way to bring more of their features to the physical reality. Inspired by their children’s colourful lego pieces, they thought of the blocks of metamaterials as bricks and of the colours as properties. Assembling them will then result in a material with unique properties that makes up for each block’s shortcoming with another block’s strength.
The catch is the assembly type: will it be like a child’s piling method? Placing bricks upon bricks? Or something more complex? The answer was in origami. One can’t deny that origami shapes are more resilient than the sheet of paper they are made of. In fact, studies have previously proved how folded sheets that follow origami patterns provide unexpectedly greater properties than the raw material. Therefore, Yang and Silverberg thought of following origami patterns to assemble their blocks and insure good properties. After all, origami patterns have been around for centuries and proved their resilience. All that is left is to find the folding design patterns which best suit the desired properties.
Back to basics
In the end, it boils down to geometry and design of the structures. There are other considerations as well, such as manufacturing processes and the type of scale at which metamateriel design can occur. Yang and Silverberg demonstrated that using these techniques also decouples the mechanical functions of the modular parts of the metamaterials. This allows control over the parameters to influence and optimize the cost and the time. In fact, many biomaterials and biomaterial manufactured parts can profit from this type of design, such as tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Also: The U.S. is chasing China on electric-vehicle adoption
Our planet is changing. So is our journalism. This weekly newsletter is part of a CBC News initiative entitled "Our Changing Planet" to show and explain the effects of climate change. Keep up with the latest news on our Climate and Environment page.
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- How 'ugly produce' sellers fight food waste
- The U.S. is chasing China on electric-vehicle adoption
- Why don't we talk about acid rain and the ozone hole anymore?
How 'ugly produce' sellers fight food waste
Twisty carrots, lopsided apples and eggplants with interesting scars aren't something you normally see at your local supermarket. But you can get them delivered straight to your door thanks to businesses across Canada dedicated to fighting food waste — and its greenhouse gas emissions.
The bonus? Amid rising food prices, eating "ugly produce" could save you money.
Supermarkets have strict cosmetic standards for fruits and vegetables — they need to be relatively uniform in size and shape, without blemishes such as scarring. Produce that doesn't meet those standards is hard to sell and can end up in landfills.
A number of Canadian online grocers are now offering farmers a chance to sell that produce at a deep discount compared to similar fruits and veggies at the supermarket.
"As long as you can cut out a little blemish, you're paying half the price for a 95 per cent usable product," said Micky Tkac, senior director of produce for online grocer Spud.ca, which has customers in Calgary, Edmonton and B.C.'s Lower Mainland, Vancouver Island and Thompson Okanagan regions.
Tkac started to offer "imperfect produce" alongside Spud.ca's other groceries in 2016, after being struck by the near-perfect appearance of fruits and vegetables in Canadian supermarkets, which was so different from what he saw growing up in Slovakia.
Companies that offer only imperfect and "surplus" produce say they've seen a lot of growth lately amid rising food prices. In fact, some say a key goal is making fresh fruits and vegetables more accessible to all.
"It's been really nice to see that people are able to actually afford eating nutritious, whole foods," said Divyansh Ojha, founder and CEO of London, Ont.-based FoodFund, which serves southwestern Ontario and the Greater Toronto Area.
They also say they've had a big impact on food waste. Thibaut Martelain started Montreal-based Marché Second Life in 2015 after being inspired by France's efforts to fight food waste, and says the company has rescued 1,500 tonnes of food since then.
Both Marché Second Life and FoodFund have expanded beyond produce to offer products like cheese and packaged foods that can't be sold due to problems such as errors on their packaging or that were somehow produced in surplus.
Some companies also have other ways to reduce waste besides selling to customers. Spud.ca donates what it doesn't sell to charities. Ojha said his company has managed to divert about 4,500 tonnes of food, by not just serving customers but also connecting food producers with food processors who might not otherwise find each other.
Some may wonder: why isn't all imperfect produce processed into things like juices, sauces and canned soups? Martelain said there are more manufacturers that want to process certain items, such as oranges, compared to others, such as cauliflowers and eggplants, and the quantity needed may not match what's available.
Ojha added that large processors may not care about the appearance of the tomatoes or apples they use, but may not be able to get the steady and reliable supply they need if they specifically target lower-grade ingredients. For all these reasons, relying on food processors isn't a complete solution to food waste.
For the same reasons, customers who choose to buy only imperfect and surplus produce will get more of some types of fruits and vegetables (such as apples, beets and yams) than others (berries). This may require a different approach to meal planning, Odja acknowledges.
That said, most of the produce that these companies sell is surplus and may not be "ugly" at all. Ojha said that's one of his customers' most common "complaints" when they get their first delivery.
While these efforts are diverting a lot of food waste, some suboptimal produce is still being missed.
Sang Le, co-founder of Peko Produce in Vancouver, noted that because misshapen produce is hard to sell, a lot of it actually gets left at the farm and is never harvested.
"So, that's something that we've been thinking about how to tackle."
— Emily Chung
"So great to see Emily Chung back on the beat! Your wonderful Climate-Friendly Supermarkets article sent me scurrying to my local grocery store where I played climate hero by taking pictures of as many refrigerant labels as I could find, which I promptly sent to the Climate-Friendly Supermarkets project. I had read several years ago in Project Drawdown that refrigerants were one of the worst climate culprits, and I had been pondering how to get involved beyond just personal choices.
"This project was perfect, and I thank Emily Chung for your article and for all your environmental and climate change reporting."
"I'm sure it's old news, but in this piece you have a picture of a person walking past a freezer. An open-style freezer. [Ed.: It's technically a fridge.]This article made no mention of the shift by some supermarkets to use closed display cases. The amount of energy used by the open style should also be taken into account, or at least mentioned."
Tony Hendriks of Ottawa, who worked in the grocery business before retiring, wrote in to suggest that some supermarkets might be changing to greener refrigerants without updating the stickers on their fridges (and that the stickers might suggest a bigger climate impact than is actually the case).
He contacted a friend who now works for a refrigeration company changing supermarket refrigerants in the Ottawa region from R404A (with a GWP of 3922) to R449A (with a GWP of 1397).
"He confirmed for me they do not change the information on the stickers in the retail cases, only on the rooftop units."
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The Big Picture: U.S. chases China on electric-vehicle adoption
Watching the world's two biggest economies approach the problem of car-related CO2 emissions in recent years has been a study in contrasts. While the U.S. has lurched toward a coherent strategy, China has spent more than a decade carrying out a nationwide plan.
The issue seemed to be of little interest to U.S. president Donald Trump, although his administration did sue California for trying to raise the standards for tailpipe emissions. President Joe Biden has been far more proactive about reducing road emissions, most notably by providing tax credits to entice Americans to buy more electric vehicles (EVs). He has also been actively promoting American-made EVs; earlier this week, he was seen smiling for the cameras at the wheel of an electric Hummer.
China actually started providing subsidies to EV buyers back in 2010, which helped develop consumer demand and a domestic industry — in September, China's BYD actually overtook Tesla as the world's biggest EV manufacturer. Last year, four million EVs were purchased in China; the U.S. managed a quarter of that.
This isn't totally surprising given that China has four times the U.S. population. Where the Chinese have really flourished is in building public charging stations, a key pillar in convincing a populace that buying an EV is a safe choice. In a decade, China went from 30,000 public charging stations to 1.8 million. The U.S. currently only has about 140,000, although Biden has pledged to raise that to 500,000 by 2030. China's 2030 target? Three million.
There are some extenuating factors to consider, including the fact that roughly 80 per cent of China's electricity is generated with fossil fuel sources, compared to 60 per cent in the U.S. But as this analysis shows, an EV charged on a so-called dirty grid still produces fewer emissions than any other kind of car.
Hot and bothered: Provocative ideas from around the web
A "blueprint" to clean up air and water, boost nature and reduce waste over the next five years in England promises that everyone in the country will soon live within a 15-minute walk of green space or water.
A new analysis by researchers at The Breakthrough Institute shows we have enough aluminum, steel and rare earth metals to build all the infrastructure we need to power the entire global grid with green energy.
Palm oil, found in everything from shampoo to ice cream, has been vilified for the deforestation involved in its production. But the industry has largely cleaned up its act, environmentalists say, and that may hold lessons for grocery products that still cause significant environmental damage.
- Shell has sold a shipment of liquified natural gas certified as "greenhouse gas neutral" by the International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas Importers. Shell bought carbon credits to offset emissions from burning the gas. However, climate scientists have criticized that kind of offset for not removing additional carbon from the air.
Why don't we talk about acid rain and the ozone hole anymore? Scientists debunk misinformation
If you're over 30, you likely remember a time when there was a lot of hand-wringing over the ozone hole and skin cancer, or the threat of acid rain destroying ecosystems.
Those global environmental crisescreated buzz and grabbed headlines in the 1980s and '90s, but in the decades that followed, the world turned its attention to another threat: climate change.
Yet the stories of how those threats were successfully tackled — through the co-operation of scientists, policy-makers and the public — are often overlooked, if not outright denied.
A barrage of misinformation on socialmedia claims those issues were never real in the first place. This conspiracy theory takes various shapes, but the common thread is the false claim that climate change is just the latest in a series of hoaxes invented by governments to control the public.
One TikTok video (reminder: this is misinformation) with more than three million views dismisses several global threats as "politics," listing off a series of examples: "In the '80s, it was 'acid rain will destroy all the crops in 10 years'; in the '90s it was 'the ozone layer will be destroyed in 10 years'; in the 2000s it was 'the glaciers will all melt in 10 years'…" The video claims it was all "fear-mongering nonsense" that never came true.
Atmospheric chemist Susan Solomon knows this attitude well.
"I've heard that kind of assertion in the past," said Solomon, a professor in the department of Earth, atmospheric and planetary sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "It's a little bit like saying, 'I had a heart attack and my doctor put a stent in. They told me I had to exercise and now I feel great. So I think [the stent] was all just nonsense to make money for the medical establishment.'"
It was Solomon's research in the 1980s that helped establish the cause of the thinning ozone: refrigerants called chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. Her work contributed to the growing body of evidence that ultimately led to the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, phasing out these harmful refrigerants.
That treaty is working, according to a recent international report, which said the ozone is expectedto recover by 2066.
"The fact that we have actually done the right things and fixed certain problems is a cause for celebration. It's not a cause for pretending that those problems never existed," Solomon said.
The reason acid rain doesn't grab headlines anymore is another case of governments responding to the scientific community's alarm bells with regulations, which worked.
"The acid rain story [and] the ozone story show that we are capable of dealing with environmental problems and that we can make significant progress," said Mike Paterson, a senior research scientist at the International Institute for Sustainable Development's Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario.
Paterson wrote his master's thesis on acid rain in the 1980s, and recalls the very real impacts at the time, such as declining fish populations in North America and northern Europe. Scientists established the cause — sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides produced by burning fossil fuels — and North America eventually took action with a series of policy reforms in the 1990s that successfully curbed emissions and reduced the acidity of rain.
The fact that the global threat of climate change is happening in a digital age rampant with misinformation adds a novel layer of complexity to solving the crisis.
A government-funded report published this week by the Council of Canadian Academies — a non-profit that gathers experts to examine evidence on scientific topics — says "targeted misinformation campaigns have played a documented role in creating opposition to policies addressing climate change."
The study warns of the threat that misinformation poses to dealing with future crises by eroding trust in science and making people more susceptible to falling down the rabbit hole of conspiracy theories.
"Exposure to misinformation about climate change leads people to take it less seriously and to be less willing to support policy actions," said Stephan Lewandowsky, the chair of cognitive psychology at the University of Bristol in England and a contributor to the report.
Even if there is a strong scientific consensus on global warming, a steady stream of misinformation makes it difficult for people to sift through it all and sort fact from fiction, he said.
"If people are exposed to this blizzard of false information about climate change, then their right to be informed about risks is being undermined."
— Jaela Bernstien
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Creating a Site
A site is the cornerstone of the location-based view of your network. Until you define a site, the default view of your network tree merely shows you a list of your unassigned devices. After you define a location site, you can build a tree structure of buildings, floors, wiring closets, and outdoor areas that can each be assigned devices. You are able to view the devices in the network by expanding and collapsing these location nodes. To setup a location in Network Director, the first step is to create a site.
This topic describes:
How to Add or Edit a Location Site
- Click the Build Mode icon in the Network Director banner.
- Select Location View from the list in the View pane.
- Click Add Site to add a new site or click Edit Site in the Tasks pane.
- Fill in or change the fields on the page that opens.
- Click Done to define the site and to save the configuration.
Creating or Editing a Site
Only a few fields are required to establish a site as shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Site Creation Fields
A descriptive name for the site. This field is mandatory.
The city where the site is located.
The state where the site is located.
The country where the site is located. Select the country from the list.
This field is mandatory because it sets the regulatory country code for wireless devices. Network Director validates the country code against the country codes in the network’s controllers and access points. If the codes do not match, a warning message is sent.
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- What are the lines on the globe called?
- How many lines are there on the globe?
- What are the two special lines on the globe?
- Where is North Pole in Globe?
- Can you walk to the North Pole?
- Is the South Pole the coldest place on Earth?
- Why do airplanes not fly over Antarctica?
- Which country is closest to the South Pole?
- Why can’t we go to the South Pole?
- Does anyone live in the South Pole?
- How much do Antarctica jobs pay?
- Can you smoke in Antarctica?
- Can you eat penguins?
What are the lines on the globe called?
These lines are called parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude.
How many lines are there on the globe?
Answer: Generally we say there are 180 latitudes. 90 in northern hemisphere and 90 in southern hemisphere on a globe. Actually there are 179 lines of latitudes on a globe as the north pole & South poles are represented by points but not by latitudinal lines.
What are the two special lines on the globe?
You may have noticed two special lines of latitude on a globe of the world: One in the Northern Hemisphere called the Tropic of Cancer at +23.5° latitude and one in the Southern Hemisphere called the Tropic of Capricorn at − 23.5° latitude. These are the latitudes where the Sun is directly overhead at noon once a year.
Where is North Pole in Globe?
Can you walk to the North Pole?
If you opt for an on-board expedition to the North Pole, your Arctic cruise will venture northbound through the Arctic Ocean seeking out whales in the Barents Sea (read our Arctic whales guide) before crossing the boundary of the North Pole, 90 degrees North, so you can literally walk around the world, crossing the …
Is the South Pole the coldest place on Earth?
Antarctica is the coldest place on earth. It is also the windiest, driest, and highest continent. The South Pole is not the coldest place in Antarctica. The coldest temperature recorded in Antarctica was -89.6°C at Vostok station in 1983.
Why do airplanes not fly over Antarctica?
The polar regions have special navigation concerns in the form of the magnetic fields which permeate them. These can make it difficult for planes to navigate because the polar areas interfere with magnetic navigational tools.
Which country is closest to the South Pole?
Technically, Chile is the country closest to Antarctica.
Why can’t we go to the South Pole?
Antarctica is the only continent on Earth without a native human population. Since no country owns Antarctica, no visa is required to travel there. If you are a citizen of a country that is a signatory of the Antarctic Treaty, you do need to get permission to travel to Antarctica.
Does anyone live in the South Pole?
No-one lives in Antarctica indefinitely in the way that they do in the rest of the world. It has no commercial industries, no towns or cities, no permanent residents. The only “settlements” with longer term residents (who stay for some months or a year, maybe two) are scientific bases.
How much do Antarctica jobs pay?
Average Salary in McMurdo Station, Antarctica The average salary in McMurdo Station is $77k. Trends in wages decreased by -100.0 percent in Q1 2021. The cost of living in McMurdo Station is 100 percent higher than the national average.
Can you smoke in Antarctica?
Even in Antarctica, you can only smoke in designated areas and then you have to carry all that ash until you leave Antarctica and can safely deposit it (this also counts for any litter you make). Depositing any rubbish or ash in the sea, at any point, is also a big no-no, so wait until you reach land.
Can you eat penguins?
Penguins are edible by any carnivore human. But, during the long voyages in the early Antarctic diet, penguins’ fresh meat was consumed.
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Adverse Childhood Experiences, known as ACEs, was a term that originated in a groundbreaking study (known as the ACE study) in 1995 by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Kaiser Permanente, a health care organization in California. It is one of the largest investigations of childhood abuse and neglect, and how it affects later-life health and wellbeing (CDC.gov, 2021). ACEs are potentially traumatic events that occur in a child’s life, from ages 0 to 17 years (Felitti, et al, 1998).
ACEs refer to the following 10 childhood experiences that have been identified as risk factors for chronic disease in adulthood: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, violent treatment towards mother, household substance abuse, household mental illness, parental separation or divorce, and having an incarcerated household member (Stevens, 2012).
ACEs and the juvenile justice system have been undoubtedly linked. In a study looking at the prevalence of ACEs in the lives of juvenile offenders, 97% of the juveniles reported having at least one ACE (Baglivio et. al., 2014). Prior research on adverse experiences, traumatic events, and mental health issues of children involved in the juvenile justice system revealed higher rates of adversity and trauma for these children compared to children in the general population (Dierkhising et al., 2013). Experiencing childhood physical abuse and other forms of maltreatment leads to higher rates of offending (Teague, Mazerolle, Legosz, & Sanderson, 2008).
When a child enters the juvenile justice system, the child’s developmental status is relevant to the adjudication process because a just and fair hearing requires the juvenile’s competent participation in his or her defense (Steinberg, 2008). Mental health professionals, policymakers, practitioners, and attorneys need to be familiar with developmental changes and traumatic events that occur during the childhood of juveniles in the criminal justice system (Steinberg, 2008). Being familiar with the developmental history and childhood experiences of juveniles in the system help professionals make well-informed opinions and decisions about the juveniles’ competence, culpability, and likely response to treatment (Steinberg, 2008).
Our practice specializes in juvenile delinquency and youthful offender evaluations that include a review of ACES and how their impact on the youth’s brain development and behavior. Have questions? Click here to book a consultation with one of our forensic psychologists.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). About the CDC-Kaiser ACE Study. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/about.html.
Dierkhising, C. B., Ko, S. J., Woods-Jaeger, B., Briggs, E. C., Lee, R., & Pynoos, R. S. (2013). Trauma histories among justice-involved youth: Findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 4:2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20274.
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., . . . Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–258.
Steinberg, L (2008). Adolescent development and juvenile justice. Annual Review Clinical Psychology. 16(3).
Stevens, J. (2012). The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study—the largest, most important public health study you never heard of—began in an obesity clinic. Retrieved from https://acestoohigh.com/2012/10/03/the-adverse-childhood-experiences-study-the-largest-most-important-public-health-study-you-never-heard-of-began-in-an-obesity-clinic/
Teague, R., Mazerolle, P., Legosz, M., & Sanderson, J. (2008). Linking childhood exposure to physical abuse and adult offending: Examining mediating factors and gendered relationships. Justice Quarterly, 25, 313–348.
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Meet the holy men and women who were given the wounds Christ endured in the crucifixion
Need an idea for Lenten almsgiving?
Help us spread faith on the internet. Would you consider donating just $10, so we can continue creating free, uplifting content?
Union with Christ is the mark of holiness, and some saints are asked to reflect this union even in their bodies.
Stigmatics are those holy men and women who are given some or all of the five main wounds Christ endured in the crucifixion (in his hands, feet and side). Sometimes they endure other wounds, such as those he received from the crown of thorns.
Some stigmatics are well known, such as Padre Pio and St. Francis of Assisi.
WATCH: A day in the life of Padre Pio
Others, such as the saint we celebrate today, St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Jesus, and St. Faustina, whose feast was Wednesday, are lesser known.
Here are five stigmatists you might not know about, including these two women we celebrate this week:
1. St. Mary Frances of the Five Wounds of Jesus (1715 – 1791)
Born in 1715, Mary Frances was abused by her father, who was a violent man. She became a Franciscan tertiary at the age of 16, rather than submit to her father’s plans of a forced marriage.
At age 38, she and another tertiary became the housekeepers for a local holy priest. Mary Frances had visions, including of St. Raphael the Archangel, who cured some of her physical afflictions. She bore the wounds of Christ’s Passion, and was a prophetess, most famously known for her predictions regarding the French Revolution.
In 1876 she was canonized by Pope Pius IX, and was the first woman from Naples to be declared a saint by the Church.
2. St. Faustina Kowalska (1905 – 1938)
St. Faustina, whose feast we celebrated Wednesday, is well known for the visions of Jesus that eventually led to a renewed devotion to Divine Mercy across the globe. The Diary of St. Faustina and the image of Jesus that she helped to spread has earned her the title of “Apostle of Divine Mercy.”
What is less known about this saint, however, is the fact that she secretly experienced the stigmata.
According to her biography on the Vatican web site: “The years she had spent at the convent were filled with extraordinary gifts, such as: revelations, visions, hidden stigmata, participation in the Passion of the Lord, the gift of bilocation, the reading of human souls, the gift of prophecy, or the rare gift of mystical engagement and marriage. The living relationship with God, the Blessed Mother, the Angels, the Saints, the souls in Purgatory — with the entire supernatural world — was as equally real for her as was the world she perceived with her senses.”
Despite all of these experiences, St. Faustina was able to keep everything in perspective as one diary entry (1107) makes very clear: “Neither graces, nor revelations, nor raptures, nor gifts granted to a soul make it perfect, but rather the intimate union of the soul with God.”
WATCH: St. Faustina shows how radical the message of Divine Mercy was
3. St. Veronica Giuliani (1660 – 1727)
Born in 1660 as the youngest of seven sisters, Ursula Giuliani was only three years old when those around her started to notice her profound compassion for the poor. At the age of 17, she entered the monastery of the Poor Clares, and it was there she took the name Veronica in honor of the the Lord’s Passion.
Sr. Veronica began to experience the wounds of the Crown of Thorns in 1694 and the five wounds of Christ just three years later. According to Saint Stories for All Ages, “Veronica was humiliated by the stigmata itself and by her bishop’s rigorous testing of her experience. He removed the saint from ordinary community life and put her under constant observation. When he decided that the phenomena were authentic, he allowed her to return to normal convent life and continue her service to her sisters.”
She was canonized by Pope Gregory XVI in 1839.
4. Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich (1774 – 1824)
In 1802, at the age of 28, Anne Catherine entered religious life with the Augustinian nuns, but within nine years she was plagued by physical illnesses that forced her to stay bedridden. The combination of her weak health and her zealous adherence to the convent’s rule of life brought the disdain of some of her religious sisters, but both helped her to grow closer to Christ.
In 1813, the stigmata began to appear on Anne Catherine, and she was subjected to numerous tests and examinations. The bleeding stopped in 1818, and the wounds completely healed, except for a “Y” shaped mark near her breastbone, which matched the shape of a cross in a nearby parish.
Anne Catherine’s life was also marked by numerous visions and apparitions, starting with her conversations with Jesus and the Souls in Purgatory when she was a child.
She was beatified by St. Pope John Paul II in 2004.
5. St. Gemma Galgani (1878 – 1903)
Despite excelling at her school work and desiring greatly to enter religious life, Gemma was turned down by the Passionist Nuns due to her poor health and eyesight. At the age of 20, she developed spinal meningitis. When she was completely healed, she attributed it to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the intercession of St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows.
At the age of 21, she began to show signs of the stigmata, and frequently reported visions of her Guardian Angel, Jesus, and the Blessed Virgin. Due to her declining health, her confessor directed her to pray for the disappearance of her stigmata. She followed his directive, and the marks quickly ceased.
She later wrote of her experience with the stigmata, “I felt an inward sorrow for my sins, but so intense that I have never felt the like again … My will made me detest them all, and promise willingly to suffer everything as expiation for them. Then the thoughts crowded thickly within me, and they were thoughts of sorrow, love, fear, hope and comfort.”
She died on Holy Saturday 1903, and was canonized by Pope Pius XII in 1940.
Gemma Galgani fought the devil
The experience of stigmata is a mysterious and awe inspiring gift given to a select few. Taking some time to get to know those who have been given this gift is a great way for us to enter into meditation on the very wounds and Passion of Christ.
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Transcending Trauma in Yoga, Exercise and Fitness Classes
What is Trauma
In its simplest form, trauma is a deeply distressing or disturbing experience. Trauma is a term used to describe a single or multiple distressing events, that may have long lasting and harmful effects on a person’s physical and/or emotional well-being.
Examples of traumatic events can include:
- Physical or emotional abuse
- Childhood neglect or abandonment
- Sexual abuse or rape
- Natural or human caused disasters (floor, fire, car accident, etc.)
- War or combat experience
- Violence (witnessing or being a victim of)
When someone is traumatized, they no longer feel physically or emotionally safe; they may also feel powerless and out of control, because ultimately a traumatic event creates a change that person did not choose.
Because infants and young children’s reactions may be different from older children’s, and adult’s, and because they may not be able to verbalize their reactions to threatening or dangerous events, many people assume that young age protects children from the impact of traumatic experiences- this is simply not true. When trauma occurs at a young age, when we’re developmentally fragile, the effects can be even longer lasting and even more challenging to heal.
Factors involved in Trauma
- Difference in power dynamic between the perpetrator and the victim
- Victim experiences a loss of choice and control in their life
- Often, but not always, physical violation, which can result in:
- Hypervigilance – being constantly on the alert for danger
- Exaggerated startle response – being jumpy or easily startled
- Triggering responses – being reminded of the trauma
- Flashbacks –feeling like the traumatic event is happening
- Disassociation – feeling disconnected from the body
In my early twenties, I found myself in a fairly mellow yoga class, we paused in Warrior II and something happened, something that I’d never experienced before. My body felt heavy, my tongue thick, I couldn’t breathe, my heart started racing, my muscles twitched, I panicked. My mind was racing and I felt like I had to get out of the room as soon as possible yet I couldn’t move I found myself crumpled in the corner at the end of class, silently crying under a blanket, trying to make sense of the trauma that I had just relived in snippets of images and muscle memory; the teacher turned off the lights, left the room, and left me there alone.
I believe that yoga is a practice of self-inquiry and exploration, an expression of acceptance and vulnerability, a journey that can open doors and break down barriers, but how do you do this when you’re disconnected from yourself? What do you do when self-awareness triggers trauma?
Ultimately, this experience in yoga class changed my life. I was attending Naropa University, a Buddhist inspired college and leader in the contemplative education movement, an approach that integrates Eastern wisdom studies and traditional Western scholarship. After my panic attack in yoga class, I decided to pursue a degree in psychology, and a minor in yoga, so I could begin to understand what had happened to me in class that day.
I never intended to be a teacher, but the path chose me. An avid athlete since childhood, running, yoga and group fitness classes were initially a way for me to disconnect from my body and escape my current reality. I needed my mind to be quiet, and I wasn’t willing to address what was happening in my body, it was too painful, scary and unknown. I also felt a lot of shame and embarrassment, so instead of paying attention, I shut down. And after my unfortunate experience in yoga class, I continued to shut down.
Everyone has different thresholds for stress and discomfort, and I’ve discovered that mindful movement based “exercise” is an opportunity to build the strength, stamina and focus needed for me to break my heart wide open and turn fully towards my experience of life. I’m fit and strong, and I can do some crazy “yoga” stuff with my body, but that’s not why I practice. Yoga in particular is my journey of self-inquiry and discovery, it’s usually not very pretty, but it gives me a place to feel sadness so I can let the joy in- but what I’ve discovered, is that many yoga and group fitness classes are not a safe environment for me to practice.
Most experts agree that trauma’s effects live in the body, and that’s why movement-based practices like yoga can work to begin a healing process.
Trauma is such a loaded word, I tell people that I have PTSD and I guarantee their first thought is war veteran, and then they look at me, and I look “normal” right- then all of a sudden they see me and treat me very differently. Trauma has layers, an isolated incident such as a car crash, a breakup or death, or many complex layers/events, creating a history that makes the symptoms even longer lasting and harder to treat. Logically I know my symptoms and resulting behavior are silly, but I am powerless to change them on my own. Nonstop panic and hyper sensitivity to my surroundings is exhausting and debilitating, my body becomes stuck, shut down, malnourished and my mind in hyperdrive calculating every possible outcome or threat in a situation becomes confused and I lose my ability to distinguish reality from thoughts. Life often feels surreal, it’s terrifying and overwhelming and I can’t begin to express how hard it is just to get though the basics. And we live in a world where it’s not ok, to not be ok…my wounds and scars are internal, but the pain is real and lasting.
According to van der Kolk, the author of numerous articles and studies on how trauma affects the brain, trauma is not the story we tell about the violence we endured or the horrible accident we witnessed, it’s not even the event itself, instead it’s the stuff we can’t let go of, what he calls the “residue of imprints” (yogis call it samskaras) that gets left behind in our neurophysiology (our sensory and hormonal systems). Van der Kolk, says that traumatized people are “terrified of the sensations in their own bodies,” so it’s imperative that they get some sort of body-based therapy to feel safe again, he says, and learn to care for themselves.
Mindfulness in Body, Mind, and Heart
I know what it feels like to be treated differently because of something that you have limited or no control over. I’ve created Origin Fitness as a refuge for myself and my clients because we all deserve to have a safe place to go (in this case to exercise).
I begin each one of my classes with a body scan, breath work and intention, and throughout class I educate and empower people to find their own unique alignment in postures, guide them to understand functional movement and muscle activation and also address the mind-body connection, how often our minds can wander and can cause us to give up, when we might physically be able to push a little further. I teach people how to work with sensation in their bodies, how to discover the balance between pushing harder versus pushing to a point of self-destruction, and also to honor where their bodies are at, since it’s different day to day- ultimately, they’re learning to cultivate a more positive relationship to their bodies. I encourage people to learn and understand when they need to rest or modify and create an environment of safety and trust so people are able to make this decision and not feel embarrassed about it.
Becoming trauma informed means recognizing that everyone has a story, and some of those stories may include different types of trauma. For a trauma survivor, healing is in part about creating change you do choose, and learning how to restore a sense of safety, power and worth. People who have been traumatized need support and understanding from the people around them. Often, like myself, trauma survivors can become re-traumatized by well-meaning caregivers and people in their lives. Trauma-informed care shifts the perspective from hearing someone’s story and thinking “what’s wrong with you?” to thinking “what happened to you?” and how can I help? As teachers we can educate ourselves, make a commitment to ahimsa (an intention to cause no harm), and do our best to create an environment of safety and respect.
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Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Trim: 0 x 0
978-0-8476-9499-0 • Paperback • August 1999 • $60.00 • (£46.00)
978-0-7425-8047-3 • eBook • August 1999 • $57.00 • (£44.00)
Richard J. Ellis is the Mark O. Hatfield Chair in Politics at Willamette University.
Chapter 1 Introduction: Prelude to the Presidency
Chapter I: Constituting the Executive
Chapter 3 One President or Many?
Chapter 4 An Executive Council?
Chapter II: Selecting the President
Chapter 6 The Long and Tortuous Debate
Chapter 7 Term of Office and Reeligibility
Chapter 8 The Electoral College
Chapter III: Empowering the President
Chapter 10 To Veto or Not to Veto
Chapter 11 War and Peace
Chapter 12 The Power of Appointment
Chapter 13 Pardon Power
Chapter IV: Removing the President
Chapter 15 Impeachment
Chapter 16 Debating Presidential Power
Chapter 17 Goldilocks and the Three Branches: A President Too Strong, Too Weak, or Just Right?
The author has done an excellent job of conveying the fact that there was a real debate over the presidency specifically and the Constitution in general in which reasonable arguments could be found on both sides. Few texts accomplish this feat.....
— Andrew Busch, University of Denver
Absolutely first rate?Richard Ellis is a superb writer and a thorough and original scholar. Founding the American Presidency is well conceived and well executed, perfect for any course on the presidency.....
— Michael Nelson
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The General vs. The President by H.W. Brands
Harry S. Truman was a reluctant Vice President for less than three months when Franklin Roosevelt died. He was President for less than four months when he had to make the decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki, thereby ending the war in the Pacific. He was a straightforward, no-nonsense man, given to speaking his mind, yet politically astute. He knew when to keep his confidence and when to share information.
Douglas MacArthur was a rumpled, imperious five-star general who believed he knew more about warfare than anyone else. Beloved by the Japanese, he understood the concept of “face” and implemented actions that enabled them to maintain their dignity in defeat. At the same time, he had been so sure of himself that he, while engaged in fighting a brutal war and in direct contravention of the rules of civilian-military hierarchy, began aborted runs for the presidency in both 1944 and 1948. In the latter, he actually ran against Truman, his commander-in-chief!
In The General vs. The President, H. W. Brands, professor of history at the University of Texas, sets the stage for the most incredible showdown between a president and a revered army general. This is a comprehensive history that concentrates on a brief period in our past, providing the necessary facts to help the reader clearly understand each man and his relationship to world affairs. The facts, and they are clearly well researched, are bolstered by what amounts to a psychological profile within the narrative for each man.
Truman generally lived up to his dictum that “The buck stops with me.” He was plain-spoken but cognizant of the damage loose words might do to political negotiations between nations. His most private thoughts were conveyed to his wife Bess or his daughter Margaret in letters. Confronted by issues such as the domestic economy, Formosa, and the cold war and Berlin, he wrote to Margaret, for example, that Russia kept none of its agreements: “A totalitarian state is no different whether you call it Nazi, Fascist, Communist or Franco’s Spain.”
MacArthur had an “elevated sense of self.” General Omar Bradley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and a long-time acquaintance, called him a “megalomaniac.” Regardless of his myriad skills as a military leader and subsequent victories, his impetuousness led him to “insolent, even insubordinate” actions toward Truman and the chain of command. For example, while in Korea and unable to come home, he sent a written speech to be delivered at a convention of the Veterans of Foreign Wars that contravened the diplomatic process Truman was pursuing in regard to Formosa versus “Red” China. He sent the speech without vetting it through the command structure, as was his standard operating procedure.
Truman traveled to Wake Island in mid-October 1950 to meet MacArthur for the first time. The general kept the president waiting then left before lunch after a brief meeting. It was another rude action, but he had assured Truman that American soldiers in the United Nations force would be home by Christmas. It was not to be. He ordered an invasion of North Korea on October 24 which was swiftly followed by Chinese intervention. Just a month later MacArthur ordered a full-scale invasion with disastrous results. The Chinese, with an army of 200,000-plus, had effectively been in hiding and pummeled the UN forces. It was a disaster.
It was clear that MacArthur had to be relieved of command. He had lied to the President, downplaying the size of the Chinese forces, the final straw in a laundry list of omissions and slights directed at those to whom he was responsible. Brands succinctly sets the stage for Truman’s actions and the drama surrounding the ensuing controversy, a controversy that continues to this day as there are still people who will argue that MacArthur should not have been relieved of command. Nevertheless, Brands makes a compelling case that Truman had no other choice. This is history brought out of dusty archives, made human and eminently readable.
- Making the Monster by Kathryn Harkup - October 27, 2019
- The Geography of Risk by Gilbert M. Gaul - October 27, 2019
- Megalith by John Martineau (editor) - October 27, 2019
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It's no secret that we're living in trying times. From the political to the personal, it seems like stress is a constant presence in our lives. And while there's no one-size-fits-all solution to managing stress, there are a few simple things you can do to help keep your mental health in check.
Below, we've outlined some basic guidance for staying healthy and sane. We hope you find these tips useful, and that they help you manage your stress levels in a healthy and sustainable way.
Setting Goals for Mental Health
The first step in staying mentally healthy is to set some goals. What do you want to achieve? What do you need to work on?
Think about what's been getting in your way and what you need to do to fix it. Maybe there are some things you need to change about your lifestyle, or some negative thoughts and behaviors that you need to address.
Don't be afraid to ask for help. Talk to your friends, family, or a mental health professional if you need guidance or support in achieving your goals.
Watch Out for Signs of Anxiety and Stress
It's no secret that the world can be a difficult place. With so much to worry about and so many demands on our time, it's easy for our mental health to take a hit.
That's why it's important to be aware of the signs of anxiety and stress, and take steps to manage them before they become a problem.
If you're starting to feel overwhelmed, here are a few tips to help you stay healthy and sane:
1. Watch out for signs of anxiety, such as excessive worrying, headaches, or a racing heart rate.
2. Take some time for yourself each day to relax and recharge. This might mean reading a book, taking a walk, or taking some time for meditation.
3. Avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can aggravate feelings of anxiety and stress.
4. Seek help if the symptoms become more than you can handle on your own. There is no shame in seeking professional assistance to maintain your mental health.
Find Healthy Ways to Cope
It's normal to feel overwhelmed or stressed out at times. However, if you find that these feelings are continuously impacting your day-to-day life, it's important to find healthy ways to cope.
Here are a few suggestions to help you get started:
• Exercise: This is a great way to relieve tension and stress. Whether you go for a run, hit the gym, or take a yoga class, getting your body moving is a great way to improve your mood.
• Meditation: Taking time out for yourself can be incredibly calming and help you focus on the present moment. There are many different types of meditation, so find one that works best for you.
• Connect with Friends and Family: Spending time with loved ones can help reduce stress and provide a sense of support. Whether you catch up over coffee, go out for dinner, or just chat on the phone, quality time with those close to you is crucial for maintaining mental health.
Perform Stress-Reducing Activities
Stress can have huge negative effects on your mental health, but luckily there are some activities you can do to help keep it in check. One of the most effective tactics is to take some time out of your day for self-care. Whether that's taking a bath, going for a run, or listening to music—it's important to make time for yourself and focus on the things that make you feel relaxed and happy.
You can also try activities that don't require too much energy but still help reduce stress levels—such as coloring books, journaling, or engaging in creative hobbies like knitting and painting. Not only are these activities calming and enjoyable, but they also give you an outlet through which you can express yourself and work through difficult feelings.
Monitor Your Physical Health
Another key tip in keeping your mental health in check is monitoring your physical health. This means making sure that you're eating nutritious meals and snacks throughout the day, getting enough exercise and rest, and making sure to keep your stress levels manageable.
Eating a balanced diet is essential for both our physical and mental health, as it helps the body to function optimally. Exercise can also be extremely beneficial for mental health, as it releases endorphins—the hormones responsible for making us feel happy. And finally, making sure that you get plenty of rest each night will help boost your energy levels during the day and make sure that you're better able to cope with stress and whatever life throws at you.
Connect With Loved Ones and Seek Professional Help if Needed
One of the best ways to keep your mental health in check is to connect with friends and family. Having an open and honest dialog with your loved ones can be a great way to destress and get support when you need it. Plus, if anything feels overwhelming, talking to a professional can be extremely helpful. Whether it's seeing a therapist, joining support groups, or reaching out to online mental health forums, reaching out for help is essential if you are struggling with your mental health.
It's important to remember that there is no shame in needing help or wanting to talk about your thoughts and feelings. Professional help can provide guidance and resources so you can better understand how to take care of yourself and make healthier choices for your mental well-being.
You can keep your mental health in check by setting goals, organizing your life, and reaching out for help when you need it.
You've heard of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), right? It's a mental health condition that can develop after someone experiences or witnesses a traumatic event. Emotional trauma is similar, but it's not a clinical diagnosis. So what is emotional trauma, and how can you identify it in yourself or someone you know?
In this article, we'll discuss the symptoms of emotional trauma and give you some tips on how to address it. If you or someone you know is struggling, don't hesitate to reach out for help.
What Is Emotional Trauma?
It can be hard to understand and identify emotional trauma, especially if you haven't experienced it yourself. So, what is emotional trauma?
Emotional trauma refers to the experience of intense psychological distress or physical injury. It can be the result of a single, catastrophic event, such as a natural disaster or sexual assault, or a series of events, such as ongoing abuse or neglect.
Trauma can cause a variety of reactions, such as fear, anger, guilt, shame and sadness. It can also lead to problems with mood, sleep, concentration and eating. If left untreated, emotional trauma can have a long-term impact on your mental health.
Identifying the Signs and Symptoms of Emotional Trauma
How can you tell if you're suffering from emotional trauma? It can be tough to identify the signs and symptoms, especially if you're not used to thinking about your mental health. That's why it's important to be aware of the most common signs and symptoms.
Some of the most common signs of emotional trauma include intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, nightmares, excessive guilt or shame, social withdrawal, and difficulty trusting others. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to seek professional help.
Developing Effective Coping Strategies to Overcome Emotional Trauma
Everyone responds to emotional trauma differently, but there are some common coping mechanisms that can be helpful.
Some people find that exercise helps them to release their emotions and feel more in control. Others find that writing down their thoughts and feelings can be cathartic. Some people find it helpful to talk to a friend or family member about what they're going through, while others prefer to keep their struggles private.
Whatever coping strategies you choose, make sure that they are healthy and positive for you. It's important to take care of yourself both mentally and physically when you're going through a tough time.
The Benefits of Seeking Professional Help for Emotional Trauma
If you're struggling with emotional trauma, know that you don't have to go through it alone. Seeking professional help can give you the support and guidance you need to manage your emotions and create a healthier, more balanced life. Working with a mental health professional can provide many benefits, such as:
-A safe space to process your emotions. A professional can help you identify the underlying causes of your trauma and provide tools to help you cope.
-Increased understanding of your triggers. Understanding what causes you distress can help you recognize when it's happening and learn how to respond in a healthy way.
-Strategies for managing stress and anxiety. A mental health professional can guide you through techniques such as mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy that can reduce stress and anxiety associated with trauma.
If you feel like seeking professional help could benefit your emotional well-being, don't hesitate to reach out for support.
Setting Goals for Yourself to Cope With Emotional Trauma
One of the best things you can do to cope with emotional trauma is to set goals for yourself. Setting achievable goals helps you create a plan of action and gives you a sense of purpose and control. It also gives you something tangible to work towards, which can help reduce feelings of helplessness and despair.
When setting goals, it's important to be realistic. Start small and focus on attainable objectives so that you can build your confidence as you move forward. Break down your bigger goals into smaller, manageable tasks to make them easier to achieve. As you work towards these smaller steps, it will become clearer what your major successes will look like in the future.
How to Create a Support System for Dealing With Emotional Trauma
If you're struggling to cope with emotional trauma, it's important to create a support system of friends and family who can offer emotional and practical help. A supportive network can provide empathy, emotional validation, encouragement, and a listening ear to help you process your experiences.
Start by talking to your closest friends and family about how you're feeling. Talking about your pain can be very cathartic and help you get to the root of the problem. Then reach out for support from friends or professionals in the mental health field who can provide personalized care and advice on how best to address your emotional trauma.
Although it may take time, creating a strong support system is essential for getting through tough times and making progress towards healing.
Finally, we urge you to seek professional help if you feel like you are unable to cope with your mental health. It can be really difficult to admit that you need help, but luckily there are a lot of resources available to you, and there are people who are more than happy to help you get on the road to recovery. The most important thing is that you don’t try to suffer in silence—there is no shame in seeking help.
Mental health is something that is often ignored or brushed under the rug, but it is a serious issue that should not be taken lightly. We hope that this article has helped you to understand emotional trauma a bit better, and that you will be more inclined to seek help if you feel like you are struggling. Thank you for reading!
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Pope Benedict’s abdication truly signals the end of the War World II and post-War era.
Pope Benedict is no longer the Pope. For the first time in 700 years the Catholic Church is without a Pope due not to a natural death, but to a resignation. Most people have been focusing on the novelty of such a moment, since no one has lived through such a thing for centuries. Truly, in that sense it is unique and the Church is now journeying through uncharted waters.
There is one other aspect of this however that I would like to emphasize. With the resignation of Benedict, formerly known as Joseph Ratzinger, we now have only one world leader left who lived through the Second World War: Queen Elizabeth II. Yet even her experiences were as a defender of Britain and not as a citizen living under Nazi Germany. The German Ratzinger had first hand experience of living under Nazi rule, as well as the carnage and deprivations caused by that war. He was not as severely affected as was John Paul II, who lived under both Nazi and Soviet tyranny for decades, and whose own life was in constant danger under such systems, but Ratzinger did experience life in Germany under Hitler. As a young man he was forced to join the Hitler youth, and after the defeat of Germany he had to live through the post war divisions of Europe. Now, with Ratzinger stepping down, there is no one left with any sort of political or moral power, save the Queen of England, who has any first hand knowledge of the Second War War, of Nazism, and the carnage of that time.
And given that the Queen is a mere figurehead, the abdication of Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XVI, is really the end of the War World II era.
With Benedict now retired, there is no world leader left, save Queen Elizabeth II, who has direct knowledge of the Nazi era.
So now for the first time since 1933, there is no leader left, someone who could actually shape events such as a Pope, who has first hand knowledge of Adolf Hitler, Nazi Germany and the War. Ratzinger was truly the last. It seems fitting that a not only a Pope, the leader of this vast and ancient institution known as the Catholic Church, an institution that has experienced everything from Roman Emperors to medieval kings, to Soviet dictators, but also a German should be the last world figure with such a real and concrete memory of that time.
Ratzinger as a member of the Hitler youth. All German boys were forced to join this organization, so there is no moral blame for Ratzinger here.
The world is changing and evolving, and how the Church will move forward now that the last of the post-war Popes has retired, will be a fascinating thing to watch. All of us have been shaped in one way or another by the consequences of the Second World War, an event that directly shaped Raztinger’s personality and undoubtedly his theological views as well. But today the world is very different than it was in 1939-1945; we are living through strange but exciting times and how a new Catholic leadership, untouched by direct experiences of Hitler, Nazi Germany and the Second World War, will act is anyone’s guess. Only God knows.
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Analysis of Radioactivity in Water
Jun. 15 2015
Radioactivity can occur naturally in water due to dissolved uranium, thorium and their daughter isotopes. Health Canada’s Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (2014) lists six radionuclides that may be detected in water. Health Canada has established maximum acceptable concentrations in drinking water for two natural and four artificial radionuclides and for total uranium in chemical form (analyzed using our standard analysis for metals).
Health Canada Guidelines
Bureau Veritas performs radiological testing of water samples for all provinces and territories following federal guidelines from Health Canada. The radionuclides most commonly detected in our radiological analysis of Canadian drinking water are:
- Natural: Lead-210 (210Pb) and Radium-226 (226Ra)
- Artificial: Tritium, Strontium-90(90Sr), Iodine-131(131I), and Cesium-137 (137Cs)
Our analysis can be used to evaluate potential health risks associated with water quality. The results provide a starting point to assess treatment system requirements and costs. Health Canada’s “Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document - Radiological Parameters” lists the Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MAC) for radionuclides. There are special requirements for Ontario which are summarized in a separate section below.
Bureau Veritas recommends an initial screening for radioactivity by measuring gross alpha and gross beta activity. Compliance with Health Canada’s Guidelines may be inferred if the results for gross alpha and gross beta activity are less than 0.5 Bq/L and 1 Bq/L, respectively (226Ra for alpha activity; 90Sr for beta activity). The Bureau Veritas detection limits are below these levels unless the drinking water contains >300 mg/L of dissolved solids. When the gross alpha activity concentration exceeds 0.5 Bq/L or the gross beta activity concentration exceeds 1 Bq/L, Bureau Veritas will make recommendations for further sampling, identification and quantification of the specific radionuclides that are at the source of the elevated results.
Special Guidelines for Ontario
Bureau Veritas is the only commercial laboratory licensed by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment for radionuclide analysis on drinking water samples. Ontario drinking water samples require special handling. A special submission form is required for the analysis of water samples for human consumption in Ontario (unless the water supply is federally regulated).
Bureau Veritas provides measurements of over 70 radionuclides listed in the Ontario Safe Drinking Water Act. Specific requirements may vary by municipality, but we recommend starting with the “Ontario Radionuclide Screen” for gross alpha, gross beta and Tritium. Our services are offered to comply with O.Reg 170/03 and require the submission of Chain of Custody document BQL FCD-00080 “Drinking Water Chain of Custody Record for Radiological Parameters”.
All water samples for radioactivity analysis are processed by the Bureau Veritas laboratory in Mississauga, Ontario. Standard turnaround time (TAT) is 10 working days (2 weeks) from date of receipt at the lab. The turnaround time for 210Pb is typically 3 weeks and the TAT for multiple isotopes is 3-4 weeks.
Working with Bureau Veritas
Test protocols are conducted using proven technologies operated by the highly experienced Bureau Veritas scientists and technicians. With over 35 years of experience in radiological analysis, our experts can provide advice on applying the appropriate analytical method(s) to meet your requirements. Upon request, we can also customize analysis packages to meet your objectives.
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One such study conducted by researchers from Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania, in 2019, analysed the levels of aerosol particles, carbonyls and nicotine concentrations in indoor air from THS. They did this by comparing the indoor concentrations of substances such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, toluene, nicotine and particulate matter 2.5, from THS, with those from conventional cigarettes and other known air pollutants.
Pollution levels from THS are insignificant in comparison to cigarette smoke
The compiled data indicated that any adverse effects on indoor air quality from THS are insignificant in comparison to those from cigarettes smoke and other pollutants. “Use of THS resulted in a statistically significant increase of several analytes including nicotine, acetaldehyde, PM2.5, and PNC as compared to the background. The obtained levels were significantly lower (approximately 16, 8, 8 and 28 times for nicotine, acetaldehyde, PNC and PM2.5, respectively) compared to the levels resulting from conventional cigarette (CC) smoking under identical conditions,” read the study Abstract.
“In the controlled environment, the use of THS [as well as an electronic cigarette] resulted in the lowest concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, PM2.5 among majority researched pollution sources [conventional cigarettes, waterpipe, incense, mosquito coils],” according to authors Violeta Kauneliene, Marija Meisutovic-Akhtarieva and Dainius Martuzevicius.
“Such data indicate that the levels of the main indoor air pollution markers in case of THS environmental aerosol may be too low to distinguish from the background, thus raising additional challenges for epidemiological studies aiming at the assessments of second-hand exposure in real-life environments,” they added.
Comparing the Carcinogenicity of Heated Tobacco Products Vs Cigarettes
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A new paper published in Carbohydrate Polymers explores the development of novel chitosan hydrogels with favorable strength properties. Scientists from Tiangong University’s School of Chemistry in China have conducted the research.
Study: High strength chitosan hydrogels prepared from NaOH/urea aqueous solutions: The role of thermal gelling. Image Credit: Raimundo79/Shutterstock.com
Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide found primarily in the shells of crustaceans. This organic material possesses many advantageous properties for industry including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, non-antigenicity, hemostatic capability, and antimicrobial activity. This has made chitosan especially attractive for the biomedical industry.
In the biomedical industry, chitosan is engineered into hydrogels used for innovative applications such as drug delivery, wound dressings, and tissue engineering. Low molecular weight or macromolecular crosslinkers can be used to synthesize chemical chitosan hydrogels. Physical hydrogels can be prepared by exploiting non-covalent interactions, such as electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions, which form physical networks.
Physical Chitosan Hydrogels
Physical hydrogels composed entirely of chitosan have increased in attractiveness in recent years as the original chemical structure does not need to be modified. Additionally, there is no need for crosslinking agents or the addition of other polymers. Non-covalent interactions and molecular entanglements provide chitosan chain crosslinking abilities during preparation.
In these hydrogels, the physiochemical and biological properties of chitosan can be preserved, such as its biodegradability. Traditionally, dilute mineral acids have been used to dissolve chitosan to prepare the hydrogels, followed by exposure to bases such as ammonia gas which causes the solution to coagulate.
Preparing physical pure chitosan hydrogels using conventional methods is challenging, however, as the final product suffers from poor mechanical properties, which hinder their commercial viability. Research has demonstrated the beneficial use of non-acidic solvents such as alkali solutions like urea and coagulants such as water-miscible organic solvents and H2SO4/ethanol hot aqueous solutions.
Using these approaches produces physical pure chitosan hydrogels with enhanced properties compared to conventional acid solvent-based preparation methods. However, there is a lack of research knowledge on why this alkali solvent approach produces mechanically strong chitosan hydrogels.
Based on the results of previous studies by the authors wherein they dissolved chitosan in an aqueous NaOH/urea solution, they have investigated the role of gelation processes in producing physical pure chitosan hydrogels. Previous work using their novel two-step process has produced hydrogels with high mechanical strength.
The two-step process presented in the author’s body of research involves a heat treatment step that enhances physical gelling followed by a water-soaking step that displaces the solvent. By reducing the need for harsh chemicals during the displacement step, this process can be considered to be a greener chemical synthesis method than conventional hydrogel preparation strategies.
The paper notes that another study has used a similar method to produce physical hydrogels from pure chitosan. In this study, a LiOH/urea solution was used to prepare the hydrogels. It was discovered that hydrogels prepared using the two-step method possess different microstructures from hydrogels produced with acidic solvents. However, the reason for this was not properly elucidated.
It has been hypothesized in the paper that the gelation process is a dominant factor that governs the differences between hydrogel microstructures. Understanding how this works could help to control the hydrogel microstructure by tuning parameters during synthesis.
Microstructural and mechanical property categorization of prepared hydrogels has been performed in the paper. In particular, the authors have examined the effects of treatment parameters on the hydrogel microstructures and mechanical properties. Based on their observations, the authors have proposed a mechanism that emphasizes thermal gelling which explains the hydrogel’s enhanced properties.
Mechanical properties were examined using compressive and tensile tests, and SEM and XRD were employed to provide microstructural characterization. The improved mechanical strength in chitosan hydrogels synthesized via the NaOH/urea method can be explained by the material’s more compact and homogenous microstructure compared to hydrogels prepared via acidic solvent methods and a high degree of crystallinity.
The authors have proposed that thermal gelling during heat treatment forms a primary polymeric network. Chitosan chains are then deposited on this template during the solvent displacement step, forming a compact and strong, compact, and homogenous hydrogel structure. Crystal domains in the primary structure also facilitate chitosan chain crystallization during solvent displacement.
Higher and more prolonged heat treatment produces hydrogels with stronger mechanical strength, with water-soaking temperature having a negligible influence. It was also discovered by the authors that this process can be simplified further by directly soaking the alkaline chitosan solution in hot water.
By revealing the role of the gelation process in physical pure chitosan hydrogel formation and its effect on the material’s mechanical strength, the authors have helped to plug a current research gap. The chitosan hydrogels prepared in this research have potential applications in fields such as tissue engineering and advanced wound dressings.
More from AZoM: A Closer Look at Semiconductor Test Equipment
Lu, Z et al. (2022) High strength chitosan hydrogels prepared from NaOH/urea aqueous solutions: The role of thermal gelling Carbohydrate Polymers 120054 [online, pre-proof] sciencedirect.com. Available at:
Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.
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Anybody who has lived through the damp-faced, kicking and screaming reality of a toddler who wants to drive the car, or stay up all night, or go and live somewhere else, will know that a difference of opinion with a small child can seriously ruin a day.
However bad it is, though, you have the consolation of knowing that you did the right thing by refusing: it is your responsibility as an adult to get between a child and plans that may be life threatening. Now fast forward ten years or so: you are now arguing with somebody who looks and talks like another adult. You are no longer so clearly in the right. Many adolescents can argue like adults; they have also lived with you all these years and have a keen insight into how to push your buttons. The last two decades have seen a great deal of academic interest in the adolescent brain. Scientists now believe that the changes taking place in the brains of teenagers may be as significant as those that occur in the brains of babies in the first year of life. New insights from neuroscience help to explain why some adolescents may be peculiarly limited in their capacity to empathize, remarkably sensitive to embarrassment, and inclined toward risky behavior. Like toddlers, teenagers are in the process of working out how to live in their upgraded brains and bodies. It is crucial that they have calm, thoughtful adults around them to assert boundaries and curb impulses in light of long-term outcomes. (Sounds like fun, right?) If you’ve ever wanted to test your limits for maintaining mindful focus and compassion, living with a teenager will do that for you.
So, here are some suggestions as to how a mindful approach may see everybody safely through the whole experience.
Let’s say you asked a teenager if they would please put their plate in the dishwasher rather than leaving it in the sink. Some adolescents might hear this as an open challenge for who is in charge in the kitchen this morning. The fact remains: you pay all the bills, buy the food and, indeed, the plates and dishwasher—you are in charge. But if you end up getting drawn into a discussion of these facts, then things have gone wrong. As adolescents grow up, hey need to feel that they have the power to shape their own world, to make decisions and develop their own judgment. This kind of thinking can lead them to see whatever the difference of opinion may be, in terms of power and status—a winner and a loser. If you get drawn into this frame of reference, you may well find your own need to assert your status is activated. By maintaining an awareness of your own responses, you can take steps to avoid engaging with this explosive and tangential issue. If you can maintain your focus on what really is important to you, then you can be generous and creative in the way that you negotiate.
You can pick a toddler up, and put them under your arm and physically remove them from whatever may be causing a problem. There is a reason that the phrase “you can't stop me!” is a cliché of conflict with teenagers: they are right, in most cases, you physically cannot stop them from doing what they want. In her book “Get Out of My Life, But First Take Me and Alex into Town”, psychologist Suzanne Franks points out that “with adolescents, the best you can get is imperfect control. There are rules and they are obeyed, sometimes and sort of … yet controls are absolutely necessary.” For a majority of teenagers, Franks writes, “this imperfect control is enough. It is all you need.” Knowing that you are likely to be partially successful, at best, in your attempts to control what your teenager does can be terrifying. But if you can tolerate uncertainty without becoming entangled in anxious thoughts, then you are much more likely to be able to respond with compassion when they come to you for help. If you can listen without passing judgment, then you will be a much more appealing confidante.
It is a truth, as well as a truism, that children learn more from seeing how adults act than they do from listening to them. If you maintain a regular practice of mindfulness—and it informs your relationships and your day-to-day life—then this will likely have an impact on the teenagers in your life. If you find the practice of mindfulness makes being a grown up easier, then it may be worth suggesting it to the teenagers in your life as they encounter the same challenges that led to your practice.
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This is part two of a two-part series on glaucoma that includes the main types of the disease, the symptoms and risk factors, and treatments available to combat the disease.
In last week’s post, the focus was on the most common form of glaucoma, open-angle, which affects about three million Americans and accounts for 90 percent of all glaucoma cases. The next most common type is called closed-angle glaucoma (also known as narrow-angle glaucoma and/or angle-closure glaucoma).
While the drainage canals are also blocked as with open-angle glaucoma and this causes eye pressure, in this form of the disease, the angles are narrow or closed, which can result in sudden, severe pain, requiring immediate medical attention.
According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, people with a family history of closed-angle glaucoma, those of Asian descent, and people with hyperopia (farsightedness) tend to be at risk of developing this type of glaucoma. As with glaucoma in general, age is also a factor.
Symptoms and Treatment
Typically, closed-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency with an onset of severe eye pain, blurry vision, a headache, nausea, and seeing halos around lights. People at risk for developing this form of glaucoma often have no symptoms ahead of an acute attack. Once an acute attack happens, the patient will need to seek medical care straight away, otherwise, they risk permanent vision loss in that eye.
However, yearly eye exams can help in detecting this form of the disease, which can allow the patient the opportunity to have an iridectomy performed in a non-emergency situation. An iridectomy is a procedure whereby a laser beam is used to create a drainage hole in the iris, which provides relief of eye pressure. The procedure is done on an out-patient basis and has minimal recovery time.
Don’t let glaucoma steal your vision, contact All About Eyes and get your eyes examined today!
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Creating healthy relational boundaries in all of your relationships has several advantages for your mental health and well-being.
Boundaries help you to identify and develop your own identity, along with esta blishing what your needs are to feel loved, be loved, feel honored, and be respected. Healthy boundaries are connected with your self-awareness and protection of how much you can give of yourself to others. With established healthy boundaries, you become more peaceful, loving, and connected with yourself and others.
Communicating Your Relational Boundaries To Your Loved Ones
It is important to know what you need in a relationship to feel loved. Does that look like more hugs? Do you need more quality time to spend with your loved ones to feel valued? Do you need to hear that you are important to your loved ones? Do you love to be given gifts? Do you feel cared for when your loved one does things to take care of you?
You have a love language that is special to how you like to receive love and affection.
Respecting Yourself and Establishing Self-Care
Understanding your own needs and providing that for yourself or communicating that with your loved ones is a form of self-respect and self-care. It is not only up to your partner or loved ones to give you the love you need and deserve. Taking time to take care of yourself can build a sense of connection with who you are and with others. Practicing this can help you to become aware of the boundaries and limits that need to be created to both feel loved and show love.
Spend Designated Time With Your Loved Ones
Intentional time set aside to spend with loved ones and with yourself to practice self-care is a form of harmonizing boundaries. This way, you can practice the balanced reciprocity of giving and receiving love. These set boundaries help to protect time that is needed to take care of yourself too, showing up as your best with your loved ones.
Setting the Relational Boundaries
- Define the types of limitations you need to practice self-care and protect your well-being.
- Communicate and be as transparent as possible with your needs for love and connection.
- Simplify and avoid over-explaining the reasons for your boundaries or needs to establish respect from your loved ones.
- Express why your boundaries are important and voice the consequences of not respecting your boundaries.
Establishing relational boundaries can be tricky. Especially if it is the first time in your life that you are attempting to create healthy boundaries for yourself with your loved ones. Boundaries change the forms of relationships. Although these changes are healthy and positive, implementing boundaries can cause ripples. It can be helpful to have the support of a Licensed Therapist to support you through these changes and guide you through the process.
Individual Therapy in the La Crescenta-Montrose Area
Are you looking for a therapist who can best support you and your well-being? Given Guidance provides Individual Therapy in La Crescenta, CA, and Los Angeles County.
Schedule your first session today. You and your wellness are essential to us!
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DUAA COURSE REMEMBERING ALLAH “AZKAR”( How can we make Duaa ) :
Duaa course is one of the voluntary forms and acts of worship preached by Islam. Muslims often recite a few verses of Duaas at various times of the day to gain the forgiveness and satisfaction of Allah. There are specific verses
Since all of these Duaas are brought together in various books and collections for ease of practice, one must know that these were the verses that Muhammad recited while offering supplication to God. There are two types of Duaa course, namely the Duaa of asking and the Duaa of worship. In close connection with the Duaa course.
Salat is the obligatory prayers. Also, salat mentioned in the Holy Quran that Allah loves those who persist in supplication. Therefore it is imperative to pronounce and recite the Duaas perfectly at all times.
The theme of the course :
This course is aimed at teaching the correct way of invocation to young students or new reverts to Islam who are still learning the various forms of worshipping and seeking the grace of God. The correct way of reciting every verse is extremely important in Islam. A select few of the supplications.
Description of the course :
Azkar is the invocations that Muslims articulate at specific times of the day seeking refuge with Allah and asking for his protection from evil. That Muslims should supplicate by reciting specific Duaas at definite times for seeking the satisfaction and forgiveness of God. For instance.
These are the means of praising God, The course teaches the reason why any dedicated Muslim should not forget to supplicate daily. The tutors also explain the meanings behind each verse and how it should be said. For example, when one is retiring for the day, one must make wudhu, dust off the bed three times.
This helps in warding off the evil. Reciting the Surah Fathiha and the Surah Ikhlaas.
Goals and objectives :
After that recitation of Duaas is one of the most important voluntary acts of worship and every Muslim must know how to supplicate properly to reap the benefits of Duaa. Our goals include
- To teach the meanings as well as the reason behind the supplications to be said before going out or coming into the house, before entering and exiting the washroom or bathroom, before eating or drinking anything and so on.
- To make the student understand the importance of starting everything in the name of God.
Who should take this course?
SO anyone who wants their good deeds to be accepted by Allah on the Judgment Day should take up this course. Basic knowledge of Arabic is necessary for this course.
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The ancient Celtic year was divided into four main parts, according to the seasons, each of which was preceded by a great religious festival and accompanied by feasting, sports, games and religious observances.
In the Celtic world, Bealtaine (end of April or May 1)* marked the start of the summer quarter and the return of the sun’s warmth and the consequent fertility of crops and animals and was observed by lighting bonfires, the smoke of these holy fires associated with the Celtic sun god Belenos. Druids officiated at these ceremonies, muttering incantations and throwing handfuls of bones of both animals and warriors into the flames that flared orange against the darkening sky to the west, while the people and their cattle walked around and between two great fires, and young boys dared each other to leap over the flames and embers from the burnt offerings which the druids believed had purifying powers used to kill pests on cattle before they were driven out to open grazing
May Day customs – dancing at crossroads – still remain popular in many parts of the Celtic world with all hearth fires and lamps extinguished as night fell and the only light coming from the two sacrificial fires lit by the druids. All domestic new fires had to be kindled from these new sacred fires.
Yellow flowers of gorse, hazel and marsh marigold were used to decorate the entrances to the dwellings so that their sweet scent permeated the warm night air of early summer. Bealtaine dew was also thought to enhance beauty and maintain youthfulness if one rolled naked and washed in the dew or it could be collected in a jar and left in the sunlight, for the ‘filtered essence’ was thought to maintain youthfulness and increase sexual attractiveness!
Bealtaine, like its counterpart festival, Samhain, was a time most auspicious for the Sídhe, or the fairy folk, who were particularly active at the start of Bealtaine, emerging from their ancient passage mounds, leaving their gold and treasure momentarily unguarded for the greedy and the unwary.
Bealtaine may also refer to the Bilé, the Celtic god of life and death and may have associations with Baal, the Eastern deity.
Christianity’s first major confrontation with Celtic and pagan Ireland also took place during the festival of Bealtaine when St. Patrick, later to become the patron saint of the island, lit the paschal fire at Slane before the druids of king Laoghaire first lit the sacred fire of Bealtaine on the holy mound of Tara in 433 A.D.
In Australia, of course, the seasons are revesed and Bealtaine would be held at the end of October or the very beginning of November
According to Julius Caesar and other writers and chroniclers from the first century BCE, such as Strabo, a Greek geographer, and Diodorus Siculus, an historian from Sicily, the ancient Celtic druids were more than just a semi-mystical priesthood.
Caesar certainly saw them not only as an organised inter-tribal brotherhood who acted as living repositories of their tribal histories and legends, negotiating, legislating, judging and officiating over all individual and community oaths and sacrifices but also as a rival authority to the extension of Roman power among the so-called barbarian tribes of the north.
Others regarded druids as poets and bards, seers, teachers, historians, astronomers, medical practioners and – later through the distorted lens of early Christians – as devious wizards and magicians who kept their people in thrall with simple sleight-of-hand tricks.
Probably all of the above is true, in some sense, in that they were, without doubt, the learned men of their people who had the recognised and unquestioned power to ‘excommunicate” individuals from community events. All commentators agree that they had a vast store of knowledge which they acquired orally and passed on to their followers over a 20 year training period.
No doubt they were poets and bards as the easiest way to memorise huge tracts of knowledge relating to tribal law and ownership was to make use of standard poetic functions such as alliteration, rhyme, onomatopoeia, simile and metaphor as a way of preserving and keeping alive tribal history and legends.
However, as no written records*1 exist of what the druids knew or learned, it is mere conjecture to say what they actually did.
Nevertheless, it is feasible to consider how the classical ancients described them and to put that knowledge into a suitable context.
It is likely that the druids became the sole provider of laws and customs among the widely varied nomadic and pastoralist Celtic people inhabiting Europe from the Early Iron Age, c.800 BCE. Being outdoors as a way of life, the druids would have become very receptive to the divine powers inherent in nature and would willingly have entered into a communion with them, having gradually assimilated facets from other existing codes of law and belief into their own oral bodies of knowledge. As nomadic people settled and adopted agriculture, more elaborate rituals and sacrifices were needed and the druids eventually became the predominant social and political bond uniting all Celtic people that Caesar feared so much and vowed to destroy.
What is known is that druids could be both male and female, with the men shaving their head across the forehead, leaving the hair long at the back, and that they were exempt from taxes and military service. Extraordinary attention was paid to the human head, which was seen as the location of the human spirit or soul. Heads, taken as a trophy in battle, implying control of an enemy’s spirit, were later preserved in cedar oil. Shrines often contained these mummified skulls or artistic representations of them.
With the rise of the hill forts and their ascendant chieftains, druids gravitated to the throne where they acted as trusted advisors. Regarding their role as seers and astronomers, they believed in a future or imagined worlds such as Tír na nÓg, Uí Breasail and Magh Mell.
Such powers they may have exercised would have depended upon their knowledge of the seasons and seasonal change, and their priveledged status, as intermediaries in the communion between men and gods, giving them the authority to initiate the planting and harvesting of crops and rites of thanks for success.
Seasonal change may have involved a close study of nature with such signs as frogs spawning deeper than usual or the trees showing the backside of their leaves and so on, being an imminent sign of changing weather patterns.
Similarly, like shamans world-wide, they perhaps used local plants to alter their worldly perception and also that of their people through the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms and plants such as foxglove or belladonna or perhaps, on a more one-to-one situation, hypnotism.
Oak groves were sacred to the druids as were certain rivers, and natural features of their landscape such as hilltops and valleys. Certainly, sacrifice of plants and animals took place while classical writers shuddered in scandalised horror at the idea of human sacrifice, ignoring their own brutal histories of slavery, torture and sacrifice in the public arenas.
Caesar seemed to feel Druidism originated in Britain, most especially in the modern day region of Anglesley Island off Wales, known then to the Romans as the Isle of Mona and that druidism spread to most of Europe but not as far south as Spain or Italy but it is more likely the other way round. As Caesar advanced into Gaul, gradually pushing back the barbarian tribes, the old knowledge retreated along with the population until further encroachment from Germanic tribes in the north meant that remaining Celts retreated to the islands of the Atlantic or clung to the northernmost fringes of Europe. Pushed again and finally hemmed in by the legions in Britain, the druids reputedly met their end facing off against advancing Roman legions who stormed the Isle of Anglesey in 60 CE, wiping out the last stronghold of Celtic druidism. That he knew of, anyway!
Inevitably druids continued, unhindered in their ways, in the far flung western isle of Ireland, relatively untouched by Roman rule, for a further 500 years until the arrival of Christianity on the shores, (not taking into account of the hundreds of Christian enslaved from raids on both the European mainland but also from the west coast of Britain, a trade that was to continue for many more centuries).
The Hindu Link
Recent Celtic scholarship*2 has shown that the origins of druidism share a common Indo-European heritage with the Brahmins of Vedic India. Strong parallels exist between ancient Celtic and Hindu society, with their common Indo-European roots in law and customs going back to the Early Bronze Age or even the Neolithic period.
As far back as 1786, Sir William Jones discovered close links between ancient Sanskrit – the language of the Vedas – and Greek, Latin, Celtic and Germanic languages. Linguistically, Italic and Celtic (the fore-fathers of Latin and Old Irish) and Indo-Iranian (Persian, or Avestan, and Sanskrit) were part of the much greater family of Indo-European languages sharing many common features and lexical cognates.
By the third millennium BCE, The Indo-Aryan cattle-rearing nomads roaming the Eurasian steppes west of the Urals dispersed west to Europe and, circa 1500 BCE, arrived in the north west plains of India from the mountain passes of Afghanistan where their beliefs merged with pre-existing ones to form the basis of Hinduism. Similar to the Celts of Western Europe, their culture was characterised by domesticated cattle and horses, chariots, spoked wheels and elaborate metalworkings.
Certainly, early Celtic society was based on a shared or common language – (Proto-Celtic), an authoritative priesthood (Druids), a strict social hierarchy (Chieftains / Kings – Nobles / Warriors – Priests / Druids – Farmers / Craft-workers – Slaves) with acknowledged descent from a single, known ancestor and where cattle represented both wealth and prestige. The Indus valley civilization at a comparable time was remarkably similar as society was based on the pillars of language (Sanskrit), an authoritative priesthood (the Brahmins) and a social hierarchy of chieftains supported by the Brahmin priestly caste overseeing a warrior nobility with ordinary people below them and subjugated people or slaves at the bottom).
The Celtic grouping of families into four generations – the Irish “derbfine” is similar to the Indian notion of “sapinda.” Ancient Irish marriage laws paralleled ancient Indian ones, so too did the laws of inheritance through the female line. The use of fasting – a hunger strike – to “dishonour” a transgressor is common to this day in both societies – think Gandhi, Bobby Sands and the many others who have pledged their life for a principle! The ancient oral Irish legal foundation, the laws of Fénechus, transcribed from the 7th century CE by Christian scribes and constantly annotated and added to, and later known as the Brehon Laws, share many similarities with the Vedic culture and laws of the North West Indus valley in modern day India.
According to The Book of Invasions, (see earlier post on Epochs and the Books of Invasions) a collection of poems and prose narratives that presents itself as a chronological “history” of Ireland and the Irish, the earliest of which was compiled by anonymous scribes during the 11th century, Amergin was a Milesian seer or druid who fought against the Tuatha De Danann and is chiefly remembered even today for his song where he subsumes the world into his own being with a philosophic outlook that parallels the declaration of the Lord Shri Krishna in the Hindu Bhagavad-Gita. *3
The Song of Amergin
I am the wind that blows across the sea;
I am the wave of the ocean;
I am the murmur of the billows;
I am the ox of the seven combats;
I am the vulture on the rock;
I am a beam of the sun;
I am the fairest of flowers;
I am a wild boar in valour;
I am a salmon in the pool;
I am a lake on the plain;
I am the skill of the craftsman;
I am a word of science;
I am the spear point that gives battle;
I am the God who creates in the head of man the fire of thought.
Who is it that enlightens the assembly upon the mountain, if not I?
Who tells the ages of the moon, if not I?
Who shows the place where the sun goes to rest, if not I?
Who is the God that fashions enchantments – The enchantment of battle and the wind of change?
Compare with Chapter 10, The Divine Manifestations, of the holy book of the Bhagavad Geeta *3
I am the electric Force in the powers of nature
I am the mind
and I am the intelligence in all that lives,
I am the Whirlwind among the winds
of the waters, I am the Ocean
I am the Thunderbolt of weapons
of cows I am the Cow of Plenty
I am the Eagle among birds
I am the passion in those who procreate
I am the eternal present,
I am the lion among beasts
I am the beginning, the middle and the end in creation
I am time inexhaustible
I am all devouring death
I am the origin of all that shall happen
Whatever is glorious, excellent, beautiful and mighty,
be assured that it comes from but a fragment of my splendour.
Whatever the case, it is beguiling to think of a single strand of humanity sowing the seeds of civilization from Bengal to Donegal as attested by this dedication from the 1935 edition of The Geeta to W.B. Yeats!
*1 The Coligny Calendar, dating from the first century CE has sixteen columns of months covering a period of five years and has been compared with Vedic cosmology. Major festival, according to Diodorus Siculus were held every five years and festival days were marked on the calendar.
Binchy, D. A. 1972. “Celtic Suretyship, a fossilized Indo-European Institution?” The Irish Jurist 7, 360–72.
Charles-Edwards, Th. 1980. “Nau Kynwedi Teithiauc.” In D. Jenkins and M.E. Owen (eds.), The Welsh Law of Women. Studies presented to Professor Daniel A. Binchy on his eightieth birthday, 3 June 1980. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 23–39.
*3 The Geeta – the Gospel of the lord Shri Krishna
Put into English by Shri Purohit Swami 1935 Faber & Faber Ltd.
In a society which valued oral traditions over the written word, story-tellers or a seanachi and bards played a vital role in linking disparate groups and providing a common identity through shared stories and histories. A bard learned all the different types of poetry and memorized hundreds of songs, poems and legends. They also learned how to play instruments and to read and write although music and poetry was never written down. A bard was the first step taken towards becoming a druid which could take up to twenty years learning by heart the verses and stories. Such sacred knowledge was considered too important to be written down, hence the current lack of information as to the exact role that druids played.
Druid meant “Knowledge of the Oak” which, along with Mistletoe, was considered sacred. Special groves of oak trees provided sanctified, sacrificial area for rites central to the Celtic way of life. What those rites were is impossible to know, given that nothing was ever written down. I imagine druids performed sacrifices and rituals which might actually match the self same rituals we often undergo in our lifetimes – births, deaths, anniversaries, celebration of the seasons and so on. Whether they had a more sinister side as in human sacrifice, I suppose it is possible but certainly not the norm.
Mistletoe was believed to have magical powers and, when growing on an oak tree, must only be cut with a golden sickle.
Druids believed some days were luckier than others and would confer powerful totems of strength, fertility and power, as represented by wild boars, elks and wolves, on warriors.
What medical knowledge current within the Roman Empire would also have been known in Iron Age Ireland. Medical practices such as using maggots to eat wounded and diseased flesh would have been commonplace while boiling willow branches to make a bitter tisane containing some of the pain killing properties of modern day aspirin would be well known. Spider webs and certain types of mosses were packed into and over wounds and apparently acted in some sort of anti-biotic way while valuable and imported Cedar oil was used by the druids to preserve human heads.
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Formwork is an essential constituent of the construction industry that can be considered to be indispensable for any kind of construction project small or large. Formwork is also commonly known as shuttering in the construction industry and can also be considered to be ancillary construction where made-up sections called forms or shutters are assembled together. They are mostly temporary structures into which concrete is poured to give the desired shape and size to the project structures. In simple terms formworks are molds that cast concrete in various shapes and sizes. Different types of formwork have been used for hundreds and thousands of years to support building structures for all sizes and shapes until the mortar that has been used solidifies and attains its initial strength. Construction has undeniably been the foundation of present civilization and formworks have played a vital role in the development of construction techniques and practices.
The cost of installing formwork for pouring concrete ranges from 20- 25% of the total cost of construction which can be greater than that for bridges. To save money on formworks, it becomes essential to design and manage economical types of formwork in the early stages itself. After the concrete has achieved its initial strength after solidifying, the formwork is removed which is commonly known as stripping of forms.
Types of Formwork in Construction
Different types of form used in formwork can be constructed from different materials such as wood, steel, aluminum, plastic and plywood. Formworks can also be classified with names of structural members such as formwork for columns known as column formwork, slab formwork, beam formwork. Adequate time and effort are required for setting up forms so that it is strong enough to bear the loads acting on them at any point in time. The types of formworks commonly used in the construction industry are:
1. Formwork based on Type of Material
a. Timber Formwork
One of the first and most common types of material used for formwork in the construction industry was timber. It is extensively used because it has better flexibility than its counterparts and is usually fabricated and assembled on-site as per the required specifications of shape and size. It can be used for most construction projects as it is cheap and easily workable but is a bit more time-consuming and has a shorter lifespan. The timber used for construction formwork should be well seasoned, lightweight, free from loose knots, have a smooth and even surface that comes in contact with the concrete pour. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of using timber for formwork are:
b. Plywood Formwork
The plywood used for formwork in construction is of Boiling Waterproof(BWP) grade which has been treated with preservatives and is especially suitable in formwork for sheathing, decking and form linings. It is quite economical from the fact that it can be repeatedly used many times if proper care is taken while erecting and dismantling them. One of the most advantageous features of plywood formwork is that it is impressively durable under alternate wetting and dry weather conditions. Plywood formwork has quite a hard surface and can thus withstand massive concrete loads and forces from the concrete mix and compacting vibrations. It is usually used along with timber and comes in numerous sizes and thicknesses. Some of the advantages of using plywood formwork are as follows:
c. Steel Formwork
Steel formwork is popular nowadays due to its durability and longer life span compared to timber or plywood due to which it can be reused multiple times for a long time. Panels fabricated from steel plates are used to make steel formwork which can be fixed together using appropriate clamps, nuts and bolts. Steel formwork can be made into several shapes or sizes but mostly they are shaped into a circular or curved structure. Even if it is costly than other formwork materials it is useful either in situations where it can be used for multiple projects and there are more than enough chances of it being reused several times or in large-scale projects. The following are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using steel formwork:
d. Aluminum Formwork
Aluminum formwork is quite similar to steel formworks, the only major difference being a lower density of aluminum than steel that results in lighter formwork. Before choosing aluminum for formwork it must be known that aluminum has lower strength than steel. Aluminum formwork is quite economical if they have to be reused for a much larger number of times. Aluminum formwork has its own set of advantages and disadvantages that are:
e. Plastic Formwork
Plastic formworks are erected from modular systems or interlocking panels made of lightweight and stout plastic. Plastic formworks are suitable for small-scale construction projects that require the reuse of formworks multiple times. These formworks can be easily cleaned with water when used for multiple reuses and large sections. Since many plastic components are prefabricated it is less versatile than timber.
f. Fabric Formwork
Also known as flexible formwork, fabric formwork is made from lightweight and high-strength sheets of fabric that have been designed to adapt and adjust to the fluidity of the concrete mix to create impressive architectural forms. The concrete used in this type of formwork is less than the amount used in rigid formwork systems and is thus cost-effective. It is quite new in the construction industry and works best for the construction of erratic and complex shapes.
g. Stay-In-Place Formwork
This type of formwork is specially designed to remain fixed, i.e., acting as axial and shear reinforcement after the concrete has hardened. Stay-In-Place formworks are made on-site from prefabricated and fiber-reinforced plastic shutters. This type of formwork is majorly used while pouring concrete for piers, columns and provides resistance against corrosion and other environmental damage. Coffor is another type of stay-in-place formwork that can be used for any building type and consists of two filtering grids linked with articulated connectors and reinforced by stiffeners.
h. Permanent Insulated Formwork
One of the latest and most advanced formwork types that offer permanent insulation to the mortar mix from any thermal, acoustic, fire-resistant and rodent-resistant features. One of the most common types of permanent insulating formworks used is Insulating Concrete Forms(ICF) where polystyrene boards are used to insulate concrete structures that stay in place after the concrete has been cured. Ultimately, permanent insulated formwork provides a much energy-efficient and sustainable formwork option that has a low environmental impact.
2. Formwork based on Structural Components
a. Foundation Formwork
Foundation formworks can be designed in a diverse number of ways for different types of foundations. For instance, foundation formworks for individual foundations are designed as sockets from sheeting panels that comprise formwork bearers, similar to walers and can be secured via rim type of walers. Squared and round timber elements are needed to construct the foundation bracing along with the diagonally arranged boards. A typical foundation formwork includes formwork sheeting, waler, post, stull, thrust-board, tie wire and concrete bottom.
b. Wall Formwork
A wall formwork is made up of vertically arranged straight timber units which act as formwork bearers and connect the sheeting boards to the concrete side that have been nailed together. The side formworks boards on both sides can be diagonally braced in the timbers and every third vertical timber on the cleats with horizontally assembled walers. The cleaning holes can be provided at the foot of the formwork. Generally, wall formwork comprises a stull, screw tie, waler, post, cleaning hole, thrust boards and bracing components.
c. Ceiling Formwork
Ceiling formwork can be found in the basic structures or buildings that use formwork sheets comprising sheeting boards and prefabricated sheeting panels. Ceiling formwork rests on squared timber formwork bearers arranged on top of the primary bearers that can withstand all the forces from the round timber columns. The primary bearers are synced with both the columns to form a trestle in the case of smaller rooms. The horizontal acting forces on the structural formwork are resisted by installing diagonal board bracings. A typical Ceiling formwork consists of formwork sheeting, cleat, wall, bracing, main bearer, formwork bearer, column and support wedges.
d. Beam Formwork
Beam formwork is prepared by prefabricating sheeting parts such as bottom sheeting panels and side sheeting panels. Before preparing beam formworks, their individual components in the construction project must be specified and if they have to be manufactured onsite, some level of preparation is required for the prefabrication process of the formwork sheeting. The dimensions of the sheeting bottom on either side of the reinforced column formwork depend on the beam size.
e. Column Formwork
Column formworks are similar to beam formworks that are prefabricated components of sheeting boards with dimensions attached to the cover straps. Column formworks also include sheeting panels in the foot rim, anchored by steel bolts in the soil and this foot rim also consists of double-nailed boards. It is crucial to measure the foot rim with the accurate location where the column is to be placed. Column formworks can also include a lateral cleaning hole inside the foot of the formwork which is used to remove impurities from inside the formwork before pouring concrete inside it. Both sides of the column must also be provided with formwork to help in erecting a reinforcement.
Managing Construction Site Waste can be an uphill task for any project manager or contractor. So to streamline and make the construction waste management process more efficient on a construction site several project management tools, specially designed for handling this kind of complicated management process can be used. Powerplay application is quite efficient in managing the distinct processes on a construction site during and after the completion of a project. It is the first of its kind in the country that can manage all construction processes involved in all construction sites. It is very easy to record, update and analyze the construction site information regularly for anybody on-site through this application. Proper updates from the workers on site about these waste disposal issues and, reuse and recycling methods can be used to notify the respective authority automatically. All work that is in process and that which has been accomplished can be seen on a simplified feedback screen. In short, Powerplay can be considered to be an allrounder in managing a construction project right from its initiation to its completion.
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Most of us have gone through times like this. Instead of behaving in a genuine way, we tell people what we think they want to hear, and act in ways that go against our true nature. In short, we're living inauthentically.
Living and working this way is tiring, dispiriting, and confining. It can also hold us back from reaching our true potential. The opposite of this is to live and work authentically. When we give ourselves permission to be ourselves, we can live free from others' ideas and expectations, and we can choose our own course in life.
It can seem that there are as many different definitions of authenticity as there are psychologists, philosophers, and scholars. However, a common definition is that being authentic is living your life according to your own values and goals, rather than those of other people.
Put simply, authenticity means you're true to your own personality, values, and spirit, regardless of the pressure that you're under to act otherwise. You're honest with yourself and with others, and you take responsibility for your mistakes. Your values, ideals, and actions align. As a result, you come across as genuine, and you're willing to accept the consequences of being true to what you consider to be right.
Why be authentic?
It isn't always easy to live authentically. At times, being true to what you know is right means that you go against the crowd. It may mean being unconventional, opening yourself up for the possibility of others hurting you, and taking the harder road.
On one hand, it does mean missing some opportunities – you do have to accept this. However, in the longer term, it's likely to open up many more opportunities; opportunities that simply wouldn't be available to someone who has been seen to be shifty, conflicted, vacillating, or inauthentic.
"The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want, and, if they can't find them, make them." – George Bernard Shaw
Living an authentic life is also vastly more rewarding than hiding your true self. When you live authentically, you don't have to worry about what you said (or didn't say), how you acted, or whether you did the right thing. Living authentically means you can trust yourself and your motivations implicitly.
There are several other benefits of being authentic.
#1 Trust and respect
When you're true to yourself, you not only trust the judgments and decisions that you make, but others trust you as well. They'll respect you for standing by your values and beliefs.
When you're authentic, you also have integrity . You don't hesitate to do the right thing, so you never have to second-guess yourself. Who you are, what you do, and what you believe in – all of these align perfectly.
#3 Ability to deal with problems
When you're honest with yourself and others, you have the strength and openness to deal with problems quickly, instead of procrastinating, or ignoring them altogether.
#4 Realizing potential
When you trust yourself and do what you know is right, you can realize your full potential in life. Instead of letting others dictate what's best for you, you take control of your life.
#5 Confidence and self-esteem
You can trust yourself to make the right decisions when you're being genuine and doing the right thing. In turn, this leads to higher self-confidence and self-esteem, greater optimism, and more life satisfaction.
#6 Less stress
How would you feel if, every day, you said what you meant, stayed true to yourself, and behaved accordingly? Imagine the happiness and self-respect you'd feel! Being authentic to yourself is far less stressful than being someone you are not.
Escape competition through authenticity
Authenticity is living your life according to your own needs and values rather than those that society, friends, and family expect from you. Living authentically offers several benefits, including respect from others, the ability to realize your true potential, and happiness and well-being.
Developing authenticity is a lifelong journey. Craft opportunities through authenticity with Resyfy career curation.
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Although doctors and patients alike are become more aware about various mental health issues and illnesses, there’s still a lot of confusion and misunderstanding when it comes to certain conditions and diagnoses. Sometimes doctors unintentionally misdiagnose a patient with a mental illness they don’t have. This is because often, the symptoms of mental illnesses overlap. Here are the five mental illnesses that are most commonly misdiagnosed.
ADHD can be misdiagnosed in children due to the active, rambunctious nature that often comes naturally to kids. Sometimes doctors diagnose a child with ADHD when they’re really just acting out due to a stressful change in their lives, such as their parents’ divorce. Other times, people who are suffering from anxiety are first misdiagnosed with ADHD, as their restlessness and inability to focus is misinterpreted as ADHD instead of anxiety.
In 2008, a study found that fewer than half of the people in the study who said they had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder actually met the critical criteria for the illness. Some people who have been misdiagnosed with bipolar have later been correctly diagnosed with ADHD. This is likely due to the similarities between hyperactive and hypomanic behavior. People who have been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder also often report having previously been misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Sleep disorders are often misdiagnosed due to the effects that a mental illness can have on one’s sleeping patterns. If someone is experiencing depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder and tells the doctor that they either sleep all the time or not at all, the doctor may diagnose them with a sleep disorder. However, sleep problems are often a symptom of another illness, not an illness unto themselves.
Borderline Personality Disorder
People who have bipolar disorder are sometimes first diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder share many symptoms and doctors are still trying to understand the full extent of borderline personality disorder and how it can manifest itself. However, borderline is characterized by a profound fear of abandonment and chronic feeling of emptiness, while this does not appear in the bipolar diagnosis.
Anxiety is often misdiagnosed due to the fact that many people, mentally ill or not, experience bouts of anxiety in life. While you might experience some degree of anxiety now and then, this does not mean that you definitely have a disorder. Some people who were first diagnosed with an anxiety disorder were later found to have ADHD; their anxiety stemmed from their inability to focus and perform well in school or work.
The best way to prevent a misdiagnosis is to be completely honest with your doctor about your symptoms, emotions and mental health. If you think that you may have a misdiagnosis, be sure to make an appointment with your doctor to discuss your concerns.
Feature Image: Luis Llerena
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The history of the World War I Museum at Tsarskoe Selo began in 1911 when Elena Tretyakova, widow of the brother of the founder of the Tretyakov Art Gallery in Moscow, presented Emperor Nicholas II with a collection of paintings, documents and trophies of the wars Russia partook in since ancient times. At the emperor’s behest, the collection formed the basis for the army history museum at the Martial Chamber complex built in the Russian Revival style by the architect Semyon Sidorchuk alongside the Alexander Park in 1913-17 on donations from different patrons, including Elena Tretyakova who became the museum’s director and curator.
In 1915, a year after the war broke out, Nicholas II ordered to enlarge the collection with the specially commissioned portraits of St George crosses awarded soldiers and officers and with trophies brought from the battlefronts, thus making World War I the museum’s main theme. On June 24th the Admiralty in St Petersburg held a WWI trophies exhibit including “Tretyakova’s section (gathered for Tsarskoe Selo Museum)”, which presented over a hundred pieces of art, documentation, photography, German and Austrian soldier equipment, as well as books, maps, and even a shot-down Zeppelin airship.
February 1917 saw the opening of the Great 1914-18 War Museum at the Martial Chamber, which unfortunately lasted not longer than until 1919. During the revolution years in Russia its exhibits were relocated or destroyed.
The Martial Chamber was transferred under the control of the Tsarskoe Selo State Museum and Heritage Site in 2008. The restored World War I Museum is open there from 5 August 2014 for WWI Centenary, as a permanent display named Russia in the Great War.
RUSSIA IN THE GREAT WAR
WWI MUSEUM AT MARTIAL CHAMBER
The museum “Russia in the Great War” is the first museum in modern Russia dedicated to the tragic period of World War One (1914–1917). It is located in the Martial Chamber of Tsarskoe Selo, which was conceived by Emperor Nicholas II as a pantheon of military glory. Its opening in August 2014 was one of the most significant events commemorating the centenary of the beginning of the Great War, as the conflict was called in Russia.
The museum showcases real munitions and day-to-day objects used by those involved in the war, as well as print and photographic materials from the collection of Tsarskoe Selo. On display is a whole range of machine guns, uniforms of different countries, awards, weapons and personal belongings. Of particular interest are the uniforms worn by the last Russian emperor Nicholas II and his family members.
The centerpiece of the exhibition is a flyable, full-size copy of Nieuport 17, a French fighter of the World War One period. There is an authentic Ford automobile in one of the building’s towers and an armoured vehicle and howitzers in the courtyard.
The collection of over 2,000 exhibits was formed with funds from Russia’s Ministry of Culture and Tsarskoe Selo and with donations from all over the world, which makes the Martial Chamber a “truly people’s museum”. Sir Peter Jackson, a famous New Zealand film director, kindly donated two sets of World War One combat utility uniforms – superbly crafted replicas of clothing, footwear and ammunition of British and Scottish infantry regiments.
The Great War was when the new phenomenon of mass heroism arose. Over 1.5 million crosses of St George of different classes were awarded to Russian soldiers and officers. Their portraits and photographs are also on display.
Electronic information kiosks in every section of the exhibition introduce visitors to the history of the Martial Chamber and the museum, some key events and persons of the war, military statistics, uniforms, weaponry and other essentials. The e-book “Russia in the Great War” is specially created by the museum research staff.
A cinema room offers “The last year: Russia’s withdrawal from the Great War”, a documentary specially made for the museum. The museum has a reinstated research library with books on the World War One period and a free lecture hall.
Exhibition Sections (28):
1. The Sovereign’s Martial Chamber and the Great War Museum
2. The war begins
3. Military operations
4. Battle of Galicia
5. Defense of the Osowiec Fortress
6. Aeronauts and aviators
8. Russian Automotive Troops in WWI
9. Triple Alliance
10. Military clergy
11. Red Cross and prisoners of war
12. Positional warfare
13. Nicholas II, Supreme Commander of the Russian Army
14. Imperial family and charity during the war years
15. Gallery of St George’s chevaliers
16. Home Front: Russia’s retreat from the war
17. Caucasus Front
18. Southwestern Front
19. Native units
20. Petrograd in 1917
21. Russia’s withdrawal from the Great War
22. WWI awards of the Entente and the Triple Alliance
23. The Entente: Russia’s alliances in WWI
24. Russian field kitchen
25. Reservist movement
26. Military schools
27. Day-to-day life of Russian Army soldiers and officers
28. Cossack hosts
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Attention willow tree parents! Have you noticed shiny black or blue beetles on your willow's leaves? Our experts have spotted imported willow leaf beetles in the Fort Mill, SC area. Read up on these beetles to figure out if you need to act.
What Are Those Small, Shiny Black Beetles on Your Willow Trees?
Imported willow leaf beetles are oblong-shaped bugs that are about a quarter of an inch long. They're iridescent and can look black, blue, or even bluish-green. Their larvae can look dull gray, brown, or green.
Imported willow leaf beetles are native to northern Europe (which explains the "imported" part of their name) and were first found in the U.S. in 1915.
These shiny black beetles like to spend their winters under loose bark or nestled beneath fallen leaves. In the spring, right as willow leaves start to develop, they re-emerge to mate and lay eggs on the undersides of leaves. It only takes a few days for those eggs to hatch, and that's when you may start to see damage to your willow leaves.
How to Spot Imported Willow Leaf Beetle Damage
Imported willow leaf beetles can cause defoliation - the loss of leaves on a plant, or in this case, your willow tree. That's because adults and larvae munch on willow leaves all summer. They eat the leaf tissue between the veins, making the leaves look skeletonized and turning them brown.
Not a good look for your willows.
Are Those Shiny Beetles Bugging You?
Minor and infrequent defoliation won't harm your tree too much. You may find that this beetle's natural predators will take care of your problem for you.
It's repeated, extensive defoliation - especially on smaller or stressed trees - that becomes problematic. This type of defoliation can lead to stunted growth or even tree death in extreme cases.
Let the experts step in with tried-and-true insecticides.
We can treat your willows with basal bark sprays, soil-injections, or foliar sprays to control the imported willow leaf beetle population on your property.
Need a certified arborist to come out and look at your willow trees? Schedule a consultation today!
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Ormolu Synonyms & Definitions
Synonyms are words that have the same or almost the same meaning and the definition is the detailed explanation of the word. This page will help you out finding the Definition & Synonyms of hundreds of words mentioned on this page. Check out the page and learn more about the English vocabulary.
• OrmoluDefinition & Meaning in English
- (n.) A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains. Its golden color is often heightened by means of lacquer of some sort, or by use of acids. Called also mosaic gold.
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Labor Meds Bad for Breastfeeding
The seemingly endless benefits of breastfeeding can take a hit if the mother receives medication during labor. According to Dr. Kajsa Brimdyr and her research team, administration of commonly utilized labor medications such as fentanyl and Pitocin decrease the likelihood that the newborn will suckle appropriately within the first hour following birth.
“It is crucial for new parents to be aware of the risks of intrapartum drugs, and medical professionals have an ethical obligation to inform parents of such risks, especially when these drugs are so prevalent in Labor & Delivery,” said Dr. Brimdyr in a press release touting the study findings. “The implications of this study are huge.
In the United States, more than 80% of women intend to breastfeed, but only 22% are exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the World Health Organization, and others. Pitocin remains the most widely used drug for inducing labor and 61% of first-time moms receive an epidural. This study may offer insight into why our intentions don’t match our outcomes.”
Learn more about the benefits of breastfeeding by talking to your OB-GYN about the risks vs. benefits of any medications prescribed during pregnancy and/or labor.
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- Our Program
Home » coping skills
Tag: coping skills
Coping Skills after Bariatric Surgery
June 02, 2015 7:23 am
For many people, food can become a coping mechanism and a way to self sooth or comfort themselves. After weight loss surgery the ability to use food in this manner is disrupted due to the smaller portions and in some cases food intolerances. Developing alternative and healthy coping skills is an imperative step after weigh loss surgery.
Obesity is a multifactorial process that has many contributing aspects. Although, obesity is not entirely the result of poor eating behavior, and lack of exercise. After weight loss surgery, we should appreciate the importance of healthy dietary choices; being sure that volume and frequency is not driven by emotion or emotional eating.
The mental aspect of weight loss surgery should not be ignored. Developing healthy coping skills can be a large part of dealing with the changes that take place. Some people go through a mourning period for the loss of the foods that once gave them comfort, made them part of a group, or the feeling of their best friend. In some cases, there may be a need to seek the assistance of a mental health care provider to be able to work through some of the issues and feelings. Never hesitate or be afraid of contact a mental health care professional.
Learning and practicing effective coping/soothing techniques can be started prior to weight loss surgery. The following are some coping skills that can be effective for some to adopt into their daily lives.
1. Nature – Get out into the great outdoors and into the sunlight. The sounds and sights of nature have a way of energizing the body and calming the mind. Sunlight is excellent for increasing Vitamin D levels which can help elevate mood and general well being.
2. Exercise – The mental and physical effects of exercise are paramount after weight loss surgery. The natural chemical release from exercise is a calming effect and gives a sense of well-being. In addition, the physical aspects of increase weight loss and change in body contour have positive mental and emotional effects.
3. Music- There are many research articles regarding the positive effects on both metal and physical aspects of music. Music has a way of soothing or energizing the soul. Turn up loud or keep it soft. Sing along. Dance it out if you need to.
4. Journaling – We always suggest to people prior to weight loss surgery to start journaling. It can give you perspective when you look back at entries. We also suggest to journal body measurements, pictures, and weights so that you might look back at how far you’ve come from your starting point.
5. Mindfulness – Using all five sense to experience life and food. Take your time to take everything in and experience the full effect. Be present in all life experiences. Ask yourself: Am I enjoying this? Does this feel like what I need? Is this getting me to where I want to be? Is this healthy for me?
6. Support groups of peers- There is nothing like having a group of people who have been there or know exactly how you may be feeling to be able to talk, share or vent. There are so many support groups that can be taken advantage of in either face to face or cyber groups.
7. Treat yourself- Treat yourself and practice self-care by doing something that you find relaxing, gratifying or energizing. Massage, manicure, an outfit, shoes, an outing, or a class.
8. Distraction- Hobbies, new skills, reading, games, bubble bath, or anything that get you out of the same mental spot can help with calming and soothing.
9. Talking- There is great value in having a close friend or trusted therapist to be a sounding board and give you an opportunity to unload some of the challenges you’ve been carrying.
Changing habits and coping skills takes practice and patience. It is not something that is easily changed over night. Focus on small steps, goals and achievements. Give yourself time and credit for the accomplishments that you’ve made. Always look at how far you have come and the positive lifestyle changes you’ve made. There may be set backs but don’t beat yourself up about it, move on and continue to take steps toward your goal.
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- Covid 19 Response January 19, 2022
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Table of contents
The unrecognized potential of pet cats for studying aging and age-related diseases
Old cats develop chronic diseases similar to diseases in older people. One-fourth of American households own cats, and almost half are more than 7 years old. Cats share the same environment and are exposed to many of the same chemical stresses. In addition, genomic diversity and population stratification are similar to that occurring in people. With these comparative features, the aging cat represents a geroscience model to investigate the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for aging. However, cats are generally not recognized as a translational model for aging research mainly because of the lack of knowledge and appreciation within the scientific community. In addition, cat owners are not aware of any research programs designed to enhance healthy aging in their pets because none exist. Much work is needed to inform and educate the scientific community as well as cat owners about the power of aging cats as a transformative model to investigate aging and age-related diseases that will benefit both human and feline health.
Keywords: Aging cats, age-related diseases, healthy aging, geroscience
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The Food and Drink of Seattle: From Wild Salmon to Craft Beer
Published : Friday 10 August 2018
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10 Aug 2018
Extended stock – Dispatch 5-7 days
Exploring Seattle's food history reveals a culinary legacy both distinctive and bountiful. The region's food traditions include numerous indigenous edibles ranging from wild salmon to foraged mushrooms. Covering the history, culture, and cuisine of Seattle, Judith Dern takes readers on an in-depth culinary tour of this flourishing and fascinating Pacific Northwest city.
Offers a comprehensive exploration of Seattle's cuisine from geographical, historical, cultural, and culinary perspectives. From glaciers to geoducks, from the Salish Sea with swift currents sweeping wild salmon home from the Pacific Ocean to their original spawning grounds, to settlers, immigrants, and restaurateurs, Seattle's culinary history is vibrant and delicious, defining the Puget Sound region as well as a major U.S. city. Exploring the Pacific Northwest 's history from a culinary perspective provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the area's Native American cooking culture, along with Seattle's early boom years when its first settlers arrived. Waves of immigrants from the mid-1800s into the early 1900s brought ethnic culinary traditions from Europe and beyond and added more flavor to the mix. As Seattle grew from a wild frontier settlement into a major twentieth century hub for transportation and commerce following World War II, its home cooks prepared many All-American dishes, but continued to honor and prepare the region's indigenous foods. Taken altogether and described in the pages of this book, it's quickly evident few cities and regions have culinary traditions as distinctive as Seattle's.
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Students continue to develop more advanced language competency within the context of culturally rich thematic units based on the six AP themes. Performance-based activities allow students to speak and write independently in unfamiliar situations. Listening and reading skills are further developed through the use of authentic materials and focus on literal comprehension and inferential interpretation. Students continue to explore the German speaking culture(s) in new contexts, as well as make comparisons and connections to their own experiences. Classroom communication requires a higher level of language proficiency and takes place exclusively in German.
- Recommendation of the German 263 / German 273 teacher.
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We take a look at the potential dangers of hoverboards, and whether or not they can catch fire.
Checkout this video:
What are hoverboards?
Hoverboards are two-wheeled, self-balancing scooters that have become increasingly popular in recent years. Though they are often compared to Segways, hoverboards do not have handlebars and are powered by lithium-ion batteries. These batteries are also used in laptops, cell phones, and other portable electronics.
There have been reports of hoverboards catching fire, and in some cases, exploding. The fires have been linked to the battery packs used in these devices. In most cases, the fires start while the hoverboard is charging. It is important to note that there is no definitive cause of the fires at this time.
There are a few things you can do to reduce the risk of your hoverboard catching fire:
-Use the charger that came with your hoverboard or one that has been approved by the manufacturer.
-Do not leave your hoverboard unattended while it is charging.
-Do not charge your hoverboard overnight or for extended periods of time.
-Avoid charging your hoverboard in an enclosed space such as a closet or cabinet.
How do hoverboards work?
Hoverboards, also known as self-balancing scooters, are two-wheeled electric vehicles that allow users to zip around without the need for a handlebar. Instead, riders lean in the direction they want to go.
Most hoverboards have two motors, one in each of the platform’s wheels. These motors are connected to the wheels via a drive belt. When you step on a pressure-sensitive pad on the platform, sensors send a signal to the motors telling them how fast to spin. This is what gives hoverboards their self-balancing ability — when you lean forward, the sensors tell the motors to speed up so that you don’t fall off.
The movement of the motors is controlled by a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which is located inside the platform of the hoverboard. The PCB contains several gyroscopes and sensors that detect changes in the balancing of the board. It also has an accelerometer, which is what allows riders to control their speed by leaning forwards or backwards.
What are the dangers of hoverboards?
Hoverboards have been in the news a lot lately, and not always for good reasons. Reports of the devices bursting into flames have led to bans on their use in public places and even calls for a recall of some models. So what’s causing these fires, and are hoverboards really as dangerous as some people think?
The short answer is that yes, hoverboards can catch fire, but the risk is relatively low. The majority of Hoverboard fires are caused by the battery overheating, which can happen if the device is defective or if it’s being charged improperly. To reduce the risk of fire, it’s important to only buy a hoverboard from a reputable dealer, and to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for charging and using the device.
If you do own a hoverboard, there are some additional precautions you can take to reduce the risk of fire. One is to never leave the device charging unattended, even for a short period of time. It’s also a good idea to charge it in an open area away from flammable materials like curtains or furniture. And finally, if you notice that your hoverboard is overheating or acting unusually, stop using it immediately and unplug the charger.
Are hoverboards safe?
Are hoverboards safe? This is a question on the mind of many consumers who are interested in purchasing this newfangled mode of transportation. With reports of the devices catching fire, it’s understandable why people are concerned.
Hoverboards are powered by lithium-ion batteries, which are known to be volatile. When these batteries are damaged or defective, they can overheat and catch fire. In some cases, the fires have been caused by the charging process itself.
There have been several reports of hoverboard fires in the United States, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission is investigating the matter. In the meantime, it’s important to exercise caution when using or charging a hoverboard.
If you do decide to purchase a hoverboard, be sure to buy it from a reputable retailer and follow all safety instructions carefully.
How to avoid hoverboard fires
As hoverboards become more popular, there have been increasing reports of the devices catching on fire. In some cases, the fires have caused serious damage to property and injuries to people.
There are a few things that you can do to avoid a hoverboard fire:
-Buy a hoverboard from a reputable seller.
-Check the hoverboard for signs of damage before each use.
-Make sure that the charger is certified by a reputable organization.
-Do not leave the hoverboard charging unattended.
-Do not use damaged or counterfeit batteries.
What to do if your hoverboard catches fire
If your hoverboard catches fire, it is important to take immediate action to extinguish the fire and prevent it from spreading. Here are some tips on what to do if your hoverboard catches fire:
1. If the hoverboard is on fire, turn it off immediately.
2. Do not try to extinguish the fire with water. Water will only spread the fire and may cause electrical shock.
3. You can try to extinguish the fire with a dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguisher.
4. If the fire is large, evacuate the area immediately and call 911.
How to properly charge a hoverboard
Most hoverboards come with a charger, and it’s important to use the charger that came with your board. Other chargers might not be compatible with your board and could cause it to overheat or catch fire.
When charging your hoverboard, make sure to:
-Use the proper charger for your board
-Never charge your hoverboard overnight or while you’re not home
-Charge your hoverboard in a well-ventilated area
-Never charge your hoverboard near flammable materials
How to maintain your hoverboard
Hoverboards are a battery-operated self-balancing scooter. The batteries power the electric motors that make the hoverboard move. Hoverboards can catch fire if the battery overheats.
To avoid this, it is important to maintain your hoverboard. Here are some tips on how to do this:
-Avoid charging your hoverboard for more than two hours at a time.
-Do not leave your hoverboard charging overnight.
– Do not use damaged or frayed cords to charge your hoverboard.
-Do not charge your hoverboard in extreme temperatures (hot or cold).
-Keep your hoverboard away from water.
-Do not store your hoverboard in direct sunlight.
Tips for riding a hoverboard safely
Hoverboards are becoming increasingly popular, but there have been reports of the devices catching fire. Here are some tips for riding a hoverboard safely:
– Only buy a hoverboard from a reputable source.
– Check thehoverboard for any damage before riding it.
– Do not charge the hoverboard for more than four hours at a time.
– Do not leave the hoverboard plugged in when it is not in use.
– Ride the hoverboard in an open area away from flammable materials.
– Wear proper safety gear, including a helmet and elbow and knee pads.
FAQ about hoverboards
There have been several reports in the news recently about hoverboards catching on fire. As a result, many people are wondering if these devices are safe. Here are some answers to frequently asked questions about hoverboards and fire safety.
Are hoverboards safe?
Hoverboards are not currently regulated by any federal agency, so there is no official answer to this question. However, reports of hoverboards catching on fire have led to some retailers pulling them from their shelves. If you are considering purchasing a hoverboard, be sure to do your research and buy from a reputable source.
What causes hoverboards to catch on fire?
There is no definitive answer, but it is believed that the battery is the most likely culprit. When the battery overheats, it can ignite the plastic casing around it, causing the entire board to catch on fire.
How can I prevent my hoverboard from catching on fire?
There are a few things you can do to minimize the risk of your hoverboard catching on fire:
– Only charge your board with the charger that came with it—do not use aftermarket chargers.
– Do not leave your board charging overnight or for extended periods of time—this can increase the risk of overheating.
– Do not store your board in an enclosed space such as a closet or cabinet—this can also cause the battery to overheat.
If you follow these guidelines, you can help reduce the risk of yourhoverboard catching on fire.
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Water quality issues pose increasing risks to human health, water security and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Water quality is an important consideration in both water supply and environmental quality. In this context, water quality modeling is added as a new component into IIASA’s Water Program to assess the long-term impacts of future changing socio-economic and climatic conditions on water quality and water resources, and to identify potential solution options.
Two main lines of ongoing activities
1. Water quality modeling using the MARINA model (Strokal et al., 2016), mainly in collaboration with the Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands.
The nutrient export model MARINA is soft-linked to other IIASA models to explore basin-scale nexus solutions.
A global gridded water quality model is being developed (currently for nutrients, next steps including sediment transport and salinity).
The model is intended to be open source, modular and will be coupled with existing IIASA models, including CWATM and ECHO.
MARINA was originally developed for China to quantify nutrient export to seas (Strokal et al., 2016) and recently up-scaled to the world for multiple pollutants in rivers from point sources. As part of on-going IIASA projects, the MARINA model is used to quantify current and future nutrient export to coastal waters for selected large river basins (e.g., Zambezi, Indus, Yangtze) under different socioeconomic development and climate change pathways. To this end, the model is soft-linked to other IIASA models (CWATM, ECHO, GLOBIOM, EPIC, etc.) to explore basin-scale nexus solutions. The model linkages (Figure 1) and some example outputs (Figure 2) for the Zambezi river basin are shown below.
2. Development of a global gridded water quality model (currently for nutrients, next steps including sediment transport and salinity)
The model is intended to be open source and will be coupled with CWATM and ECHO. To facilitate the coupling with these models, it is designed as a flexible modular process-based parsimonious model with a mixture of empirical or mechanistic process descriptions. This is part of our efforts to develop a next-generation global hydro-economic modeling framework that can explore the economic trade-offs among different water management options, encompassing both water infrastructure and management of water demand and water resources.
Figure 1 The MARINA model is soft-linked to CWATM and ECHO at IIASA’s Water Program to explore economically-optimal water management solutions for selected river basins.
Figure 2 Illustrative example of the MARINA output for annual river export of total dissolved nitrogen by source (TDN, kg/km2/yr) for the Zambezi river basin. The figure illustrates the increase in river export of TDN to sea between 2010 and 2050 (business-as-usual scenario), the increasing share of anthropogenic nitrogen sources and high spatial variability in the Zambezi basin (Tang et al., in preparation).
Strokal M, Kroeze C, Wang M, Bai Z, Ma L, (2016). The MARINA model (Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrients to seAs): Model description and results for China. Sci. Total Environ. 562, 869–888. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.071
Tang T, Strokal M, van Vliet MTH, Seuntjens P, Burek P, Kroeze C, Langan S, & Wada Y (2019). Bridging global, basin and local-scale water quality modeling towards enhancing water quality management worldwide. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 36: 39-48. DOI:10.1016/j.cosust.2018.10.004.
Tang T, Strokal M, Wada Y, Burek P, Kroeze C, van Vliet M, & Langan S (2018).Sources and export of nutrients in the Zambezi River basin: status and future trend. In: International Conference Water Science for Impact, 16-18 October 2018, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Last edited: 15 March 2021
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Phone: (+43 2236) 807 0 Fax:(+43 2236) 71 313
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All about ashes
Updated: Nov 14, 2022
What are cremated ashes?
Whilst we typically refer to the dusty grey matter resulting from cremation as ashes, ashes actually consist of pulverised bone fragments. The cremation process itself, whereby a body is placed in a cremation chamber and exposed to temperatures between 1400°F and 1800°F, destroys all organic, carbon-based material as well as the casket/container the body is placed in.
You might think that the chemical composition of ashes would be indistinguishable from one person to another, but in fact, each person’s ashes vary due to diet and exposure to things such as heavy metals, or trace minerals. Each sample of ashes is therefore completely unique.
Where can you scatter ashes?
There are numerous ways to memorialise cremated remains. Many choose to scatter their loved one’s ashes somewhere dear to them, perhaps a park near their home, a seaside location, a mountainous vista, or maybe even their favourite holiday destination.
Unlike a burial, cremation provides a sense of freedom to close mourners of the deceased, allowing them to perform their own unique and personal ceremony to provide a sense of closure. However, some people choose to place the ashes in an urn, perhaps to be placed in their homes, or buried in a spot where loved ones can return to remember their family member, friend, or former partner.
For a truly out of this world ceremony, you can scatter your loved one’s ashes in space, or even arrange for this service for yourself in the future. Aura Flights will organise an ash collection to take the pressure off, before performing an ash scattering in space 100,000 feet in the sky. Aided by our intelligent scattering vessel, the ashes are released at a stunning altitude, cascading down to the clouds below to journey with stratospheric winds around the globe before falling back down to the Earth’s surface in the form of rain or snowfall.
What to say when scattering ashes
“Ashes to ashes dust to dust” is a common phrase often used at funeral services. Whilst it is a Biblical verse, and not for everyone, the sentiment, of coming from the Earth and returning back to it, is a poetic way of looking at death that has nature and acceptance at its heart. There are however many different ways to commemorate an ash scattering through the power of the vernacular.
Many will choose to read favourite poems, prayers, songs, or readings of the deceased, or perhaps write their own personal message, or eulogy, to accompany an ash scattering ceremony. A group of friends or family could share a message together, taking turns to share thoughtful words about the deceased.
Some may opt to say nothing at all, instead holding a minute or period of silence to honour their loved one’s life. It is not easy to summarize a life, nor verbalize how much that person meant to you.
Keepsakes made from ashes
A creative way to honour a loved one’s life might be to incorporate their ashes into a piece of jewellery, art, or other special objects. There are many different services out there to help assist in this process. Some jewellers now specialize in the creation of memorial jewellery, such as lockets, pendants, or even cufflinks. You can even have glass sculptures made that incorporate ashes. A relatively new option is a tattoo that includes small amounts of ashes in the process, marking their memory indelibly.
You can turn your loved one into a tree, by adding their ashes into the soil for enrichment. You can even have a portrait made of them using their ashes to supplement the paint.
One unique option is to have their ashes sent to space with Aura Flights, placing them in a ceremonial urn that travels to the stars and back. The perfect way to fulfil a lifelong dream of travelling to space, find out more today.
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The route that lies west of here, the Lolo Trail, was different from other east-west 19th century American trails. It did not witness a flood of cross-country migration. There were no covered wagons here.
Unmapped and shifting over time, it penetrated such formidable terrain that it was only passable with the aid of those who had traveled it before, with a knowledge passed from generation to generation. Long before it became an explorer’s route, it was an American Indian trail. Lewis and Clark would have been lost here without the aid of their Indian guides. On June 27, 1806, William Clark described these mountains as:
“…Stupendous Mountains principally coveredwith snow like that on which we stood; we are entirely serounded by thos mountains from which to one unacquanted with them it would have Seemed impossble ever to have escaped…”
The Bitterroot Mountains were the most difficult part of a trail that connected the plains of the Columbia River with those of the Missouri. Its unyielding topography and dense timber stubbornly resisted “improvement for wheeled vehicles" until the 1960s. And try as they did, railroads were never able to penetrate the mountains to the west. U.S. Highway 12 roughly parallels the Lolo Trail, which is mostly above you, atop the ridges and saddles north or south of the highway.
Except for changes in the vegetation, the Lolo Trail looks much like it did hundreds of years ago. Watch for other interpretive signs that will tell you more of the story. If you do, you’ll understand why Congress chose to preserve the settings as the Nee Mee Poo National Historic Trail and the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, which together make up the Lolo Trail.
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How Can I Support Local Art Education?
Art Can Make Us Human
In a 2021 American Academy for Arts & Sciences article, actor and author John Lithgow said, “We want every child to have access to music, paintings, writing, theater—all the arts—regardless of their socio-economic circumstances. He added that “we want all American children to learn how to express themselves and to understand the ways in which others express themselves.”
Research into U.S. public schooling routinely shows that public schools are putting their budgets more into tech, science and math than the arts.
While the AMACAD article looked at policy level - encouraging state legislators and schools themselves to offer more art education - there are things you can do too. Let’s take a look at these in the next section.
How You Can Bring Art to the Community
While public education may lack in the arts, there are things that you can do in the community. Americans for the Arts have published a variety of resources you can use that might have some impact.
Among these is a great article called ’10 Simple Ways’. As a first step this involves engaging with your children in art yourself. This might be taking them to a theater to see a show or simply having fun, such as what the Color Swell blog posts.
Beyond direct parenting, encourage your child to get more involved in school and community activities.
Getting political is the next step, which could mean becoming active in the PTA and encouraging the school to offer more options in the arts or talking to your kid’s teacher to coordinate more arts education.
If speaking in Town Hall meetings is a bit scary, then consider volunteering in arts activities and encourage your children to play a part. Is there an amateur dramatic society near you? What about religious school activities? Can you help lead an arts group at a youth group?
Donate Art Supplies Too?
If you do not have the time for these activities, then buy bulk art supplies from Color Swell and send them directly to a group that supports art in the community. Your local Arts Teacher or community group would be ecstatic to receive a box full of paints, crayons, markers and pencils! Call in advance to see what art supplies they may need.
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Lander is a variant of Lunar Lander for Windows 3.1, developed by George Moromisato in 1990.
- Download v1.3 from my server
- Download v1.2 from my server
- Download v1.1 from my server
- Android port of Lander
- Java port of Lander
- Lander on Archive.org
- Lander on Win3Game.com
Readme file (LANDER.WRI)
by George Moromisato
Copyright (c) 1990 by TMA
Welcome to Lander!
Lander is a real-time simulation of a Lunar Excursion Module on its final approach to the lunar surface. As the pilot of the lander, you must control the vertical and horizontal rockets to guide your craft to a safe landing.
Playing the Game
As a Windows application, Lander attempts to conform to the guidelines set by Microsoft. You may play the game with either the keyboard or the mouse using standard interface conventions. For example, you may make menu selections and interact with dialog boxes as you would in any other Windows program.
When the game first starts, your lander is at one thousand meters. Press any key or click on the window with the mouse to start the game. The display on the upper-right part of the screen shows your altitude, horizontal velocity, vertical velocity, and remaining fuel. The three buttons below let you apply thrust in three different directions: left, right and down. The object of the game is to land on flat terrain with a horizontal velocity of less than one meter per second and a vertical velocity of less than ten meters per second.
The different pieces of information displayed on the screen are described below.
Altitude: The altitude of the lander with respect to the landing pad is displayed in meters. Note that this display is only accurate to within a few meters because of round-off errors.
Velocity X: The horizontal velocity of the lander is displayed in meters per second. If the velocity is negative, the lander is moving to the left; if positive, it is moving to the right. The horizontal velocity must be between -1 and 1 meters per second for a safe landing.
Velocity Y: The vertical velocity of the lander is displayed in meters per second. A negative velocity indicates that the lander is falling towards the ground. The lander must land with a velocity less than ten meters per second.
Fuel: The fuel left in the lander is displayed in kilograms. This contributes to the weight of the lander.
The vertical thrust control burns ten kilograms of fuel per second and applies a constant vertical force. The horizontal thrust controls burn two kilograms of fuel per second and apply force horizontally. By default, the right control will thrust to the right, pushing the lander to the left, but you may change this in the Options screen. (See Lander Options.)
New Game and Restart Game
Selecting New from the Game menu will generate a new random terrain and start the lander at one thousand meters. Selecting Restart will restart the lander but use the current terrain.
Several options and parameters can be changed with this screen. The fields available are described below:
Gravity: The acceleration due to gravity may vary from 1.0 to 9.0 meters per second per second in increments of 1.0 meter per second per second. The default is 3.0 meters per second.
Fuel: The initial fuel of the lander may vary from 200 to 2,000 kilograms of fuel in increments of 200 kilograms. The default is 1,000 kilograms.
Thrust: The force applied by the main thruster may vary from 5,000 to 22,500 Newtons in increments of 2,500 Newtons. The default is 10,000 Newtons.
Reverse Thrust: If you prefer the left thrust button to move the lander to the left and the right button to move the lander to the right, select this option. This option is off by default.
Draw Flame: If you want the computer to draw a flame on the lander while it is thrusting, select this option. Because the game is faster if it does not draw the flame, players with slower machines may wish to turn this option off. This option is on by default.
Lander requires Microsoft Windows 3.0 or higher to run; it will not run under Windows 2.x.
The source code for this program, written in Microsoft C 5.1, is available from TMA for $15. If you would like to see the code, including all resource files and bitmaps, please send a check or money order to:
15 Whittier Rd.
Natick, MA 01760
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By Mark Wegierski
It is argued that strengthening the provinces and regions in Canada may lead to a more balanced society.
While there is no returning to the Old Canada which existed “before the ‘60s,” it is possible that the “New Canada” could reach out to incorporate some better aspects of the Old Canada, to create a new synthesis, “Canada Three,” rather than continue on the path of ever-intensifying left-liberalism.
It is argued that a return to true federalism — i.e., strengthening the role of provinces and regions in Canada — may lead to a more balanced society in the future.
What is Canadian identity? There have been at least two, very different Canadas: the one that existed before the 1960s, and the one that exists today. Traditional Canada was defined by its founding nations: the English (British) and the French (the latter mostly centered in what became in 1867 the Province of Quebec). The two nations long pre-existed Canadian Confederation, the creation of a Canadian federation with distinct provinces, with the powers of the federal and provincial governments clearly delineated. Confederation was a marriage of British Parliamentary traditions with the concept of a federation.
The founding document of the Canadian state was called the British North America (BNA) Act, and was approved by the British Parliament in London in 1867. The aboriginal peoples were included insofar as they were traditionally considered under the special protection of the Crown.
Most Canadians today (living in what could be called “New Canada” or “Canada Two”) have little or no understanding or memory of what it was like to live in British Canada. They either reject it out of hand or just buy into a completely negative view of what pre-1960s Canada was like.
The main architects of “New Canada” — that is post-1960s Canada — were the Liberal prime ministers Lester Pearson (1963-1968) and Pierre Elliott Trudeau (1968-1984, except for nine months in 1979-1980). Some people call New Canada “Trudeaupia.”
It should be noted, nevertheless, that the term New Canada was quirkily deployed by Reform Party leader Preston Manning in his 1992 book with this title, as the name for the model of Canada which he himself was proposing – basically, a more decentralized federation – where provincial and local governments would wield greater authority than the centralized federal government, and long-neglected provinces and regions such as Western Canada would be better represented at the federal level (a huge and overbearing federal government being part of the legacy of Trudeau).
The Western Canadian-based Reform Party (which became a country-wide party in 1991) had arisen in 1987 as a centre-right alternative to the federal Progressive Conservatives, who despite their majorities in the federal Parliament won in 1984 and 1988, mostly carried out liberal policies.
Presumably, Manning chose the term “New Canada” to partially disguise the real conservatism of the Reform Party platform. Manning took the idea of “reform in order to preserve” very seriously. He sometimes seemed to argue positions which seemed “radical” for ends which were conservative.
It should also be noted that during the debate over the proposed Meech Lake Accord (1987-1990) and Charlottetown Agreements (1992), which explicitly recognized Quebec as “a distinct society,” and might have led to a more decentralized federation, the prominent liberal commentator Richard Gwyn referred contemptuously to the Canada which these two new constitutional arrangements would bring into being as “Canada Two.” This is not the sense in which I’m using this term. (Neither the Meech Lake Accord nor the Charlottetown Agreements ever became the law of the land.)
Among the leading figures critical of current-day Canada are William D. Gairdner (author of The Trouble with Canada: A Citizen Speaks Out), and Ken McDonald (whose best-known book is, probably, His Pride, Our Fall: Recovering from the Trudeau Revolution).
Current-day Canada is officially defined as a multicultural society. Canada’s identity is presumed by most observers to be constituted out of the “mosaic” or “kaleidoscope” of various heterogeneous cultures. Since 1988, after the Canadian Supreme Court struck down some residual restrictions, Canada has no laws whatsoever regulating abortion. “Same-sex marriage” has been deeply entrenched since the federal Parliament approved it in 2005, after two provincial courts had struck down the traditional definition of marriage two years earlier.
The upholding of current-day multicultural and gender politics orthodoxy is policed by various quasi-judicial tribunals, including the so-called Human Rights Commissions (there is one at the federal level, and one in every province) that can sharply punish speech deemed critical of various minorities and current-day political arrangements. Their operations have been pointedly described in Ezra Levant’s Shakedown: How Our Government is Undermining Democracy in the Name of Human Rights.
There are also in Canada today varieties of separatism. The first, the Quebecois sovereigntists, arise out of the French/English duality of what were very traditionally called the two founding peoples of Canada. They view the Canadian state with antipathy. A second movement, also emerging since the 1960s, could be called radical aboriginal separatism. The idea is since the land was all “stolen” anyway, the Canadian state has no inherent legitimacy.
Some Canadian institutions, such as the taxpayer-funded Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, tend to view certain groups as “un-Canadian.” The CBC views those who hold what are considered “reactionary” or “mean-spirited” social and cultural outlooks as simply not part of “the Canadian Way.” Such outlooks are usually characterized as American-inspired, hence “un-Canadian.”
The so-called cultural industries in Canada are also mostly government (i.e., taxpayer) subsidized, especially so-called “CanLit” (Canadian literature). Unfortunately, many of these so-called “public” cultural institutions pride themselves on their total and pristine exclusion of anything smacking of traditionalism or conservatism.
There are, in fact, multifarious techniques today for rendering almost all of the traditional Canada to appear as utterly hideous to so-called “decent” human sensibilities.
Today, except for certain residues in political institutions, the British Canada has been all but annihilated. Nevertheless, it could be argued that Canada still remains in the penumbra of the WASPs, as many of them – whether in corporate or governmental structures — have taken on the role of being one of the most “progressive,” most politically-correct groups in Canada. Thereby, their elite enjoy lives of enormous material comfort and cushy sinecures, even as the New Canada conceptually vitiates all that their ancestors once held dear.
Obviously, it is impossible to return to the Old Canada. Nevertheless, it’s possible that there may be the chance for a “post-New Canada” or “Canada Three” that will likely move in the direction of various scenarios of so-called “provincialization.” More authority would begin to be exercised at the provincial and local levels.
The contradictions between the current-day centralized big government in Ottawa, to which huge economic resources are perforce committed – and the vapid cultural and spiritual hollowness at the core of the administrative “command” apparatus — will likely become ever more apparent.
Prior to the establishment of the European Union, a bad idea which has made Europe into a massive bureaucratic, and almost nightmarish state, a much better plan was proposed and ultimately rejected. That idea was the “European Community” which was to be a “union of sovereign states.” I think this idea could serve as a model for a future Canada, “Canada Three.” This could be a positive, uplifting synthesis of the best elements of both, the traditional and the current-day Canada.
The “Canada Three” scenario could be similar to ideas of the so-called “Swiss model” or “cantonization” where most authority is exercised at the local level, without central government interference, and there are a variety of populist mechanisms for expressing the will of the people such as referenda on major issues.
The hope would be that radical decentralization would allow for various arrangements that would actually make “Canada Three” a stronger and more “rooted” federation or union in its constituent parts. It would also hopefully strengthen intermediary institutions such as churches, and local associations.
True federalism would allow for the expression of divergent views that would ultimately have a unifying effect on all of Canada. Such an “uplifting” synthesis of the Old and New Canada is urgently needed in order that Canada become the great country it was meant to be – “the true North, strong and free.”
Mark Wegierski is a Toronto-based writer and historical researcher. An earlier version of this article has appeared at fgfbooks.com.
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Hunger of Memory Chapter 6 Summary
In the last section, Rodriguez mulls over the demonstration of diary. His mom and father were both worried by his papers, however they didn’t understand they had been distributed until a custodian neighbor let them know. Rodriguez’s mom was frightened when she read one of his articles that examined his adolescence and family life. She thought of him a letter, requesting that he “expound on something different later on. Our family life is private. For what reason do you have to enlighten the gringos regarding how ‘partitioned’ you feel from the family? ” (188). Rodriguez composes of the fact that it is so desolate to compose, and specifically to compose a life account.
He is devoted to his activity and pays attention to his diary, however it implies that he needs to isolate himself for fixation. He knows that carrying his experience into the world is an open demonstration. His mom’s inquiry keeps on pestering at him. This inquiry shapes the system for the end part of the diary: here, Rodriguez investigates how his mom and father made a private home. Since early on, he didn’t feel good expounding on his family since his folks designed a culture of mystery. His private life was strongly private, so he felt that he expected to watch his own history intently.
All things considered, he turned into a committed imaginative essayist and artist and won reverence from instructors. He felt calm with fiction yet less open to expounding on his life. At home, his folks didn’t comprehend why somebody would uncover their insider facts and deepest wants. For instance, his mom didn’t comprehend the advantages of psychiatry in light of the fact that to her admitting one’s contemplations, recollections, and sentiments is an infringement. His dad indicated him a magazine article about a legislator’s better half who gave a meeting to a magazine about her life and marriage. “For what reason does she do this? ” he asked Rodriguez (199).
This inquiry resounds with Rodriguez as he thinks about why he experiences this demonstration of making journal, and how his folks will never genuinely get a handle on his reasons. Rodriguez follows his advancement as an author and feels that his instructors gave him a blessing by driving him to learn English. It is an aptitude that has molded his life and given him focal points. He composes that by communicating in English smoothly, he can be much the same as most of Americans. He isn’t sequestered by talking just Spanish, as his folks have been for the majority of their lives. It gives him certainty to talk in the normal open tongue.
Rodriguez depicts the couple of times he sees the entirety of his family any longer—just on Easter, Mother’s Day, and Christmas Day. Presently they communicate in English around the table, and his mom holds forward as the matron, driving discourse. Rodriguez takes note of how his family is getting progressively assorted, as one of his sisters has hitched a fourth-age American white man with German legacy. His dad keeps on being pulled back. Toward the
finish of one family evening, Rodriguez brought his dad a coat as he sat outside alone. He inquired as to whether he was returning home now, as well. It was the main thing he had said to him throughout the night.
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Does a mask still protect you if you’re the only person wearing one?
“A mask is never going to be perfect, but the right one is going to protect you from COVID, whether the space you’re in is well-ventilated or not,” said Dr. Shira Doron, an infectious disease physician and hospital epidemiologist at Tufts Medical Center. “Will a mask protect you 100% if you’re in a crowded room with people who have COVID? No.”
Having said that, she added, “We do trust our masks to protect us, even if it’s only one way. But quality is critical. I would not use a cloth mask as PPE (personal protective equipment).”
The key to a mask is fit and filtration, she said. N95 masks are the “gold standard” in those respects, Doron said, and wearing them on planes with many other people is relatively safe because planes have “excellent” ventilation.
But many people can’t wear N95s for long periods because they get light-headed or have shortness of breath. Some people prefer KN95 masks because they can be more comfortable, she said.
Your chance of being infected in any case depends on proximity and duration, Doron said. The longer and closer you are to someone who has COVID, the higher the risk of becoming infected.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define close contact as being within 6 feet or less for at least 15 minutes, said Dr. Daniel Kuritzkes, chief of the division of infectious diseases at Brigham and Women’s Hospital.
Being the only one wearing a mask in a room can make a person feel self-conscious, though.
“You should absolutely not feel self-conscious about wearing a mask, even if you just have a cold,” she said.
As long as people are fully vaccinated and wearing high-quality masks indoors, especially if they’re elderly or have underlying medical problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease or cancer, people should “live their lives and do the things that are important to them,” Doron said. “We’re past the point of saying we’re waiting for a safer time to travel or do things because there may never be a safer time.”
If you’re riding in a car with other people, wear a mask, said Todd Ellerin, head of infectious diseases at South Shore Hospital.
A majority of people in the United States continue to support a mask requirement for people traveling on airplanes and other shared transportation, a poll finds. A ruling by a federal judge has put the government’s transportation mask mandate on hold — but that’s now being appealed.
The Transportation Security Administration stopped enforcing the mask requirement, but the Justice Department announced on Wednesday that it will appeal the ruling after getting a request from the CDC.
Herald wire services contributed to this report.
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How Kids Benefit From Active Play During the School Year
We’re not sure how it’s possible, but the new school year is quickly approaching. While “buy new school clothes, supplies, and backpacks” and “attend open houses” may be on your to-do list, you might also consider adding “find more active play opportunities,” the benefits of which will increase your child’s learning throughout the school year.
It’s no secret that kids of all ages love to play, but there’s WAY more to play than just having fun. Active play is essential to a child’s development because it contributes to cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being.
According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, children ages 3 through 5 years should be physically active throughout the entire day to enhance growth and development, and children ages 6+ should get at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily. It’s important to provide and encourage participation in physical activities that are both age-appropriate and enjoyable.
Benefits of Active Play During the School Year:
Boosts Healthy Brain Development
Improves Social Skills
Better Academic Performance
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Food for the soul: Hispanic Heritage Month
In this article:
- National Hispanic Heritage Month honors the contributions individuals and descendants from Spanish-speaking countries have made to our society.
- Feed your soul and celebrate other cultures with a few favorite Hispanic-inspired recipes created by our very own Chef Joy.
Every year, we honor National Hispanic Heritage Month from September 15 to October 15. Families across our country celebrate (and learn about) the histories, cultures and contributions of our fellow citizens who have roots in Spain, Mexico, the Caribbean and Central and South America.
From the musical influences of artists like Lin-Manual Miranda and Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine, to activists such as Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, and the historic appointment of Sonia Sotomayor as the first Latina to the United States Supreme Court, our country has been shaped in countless ways by individuals from the rich and diverse Spanish speaking regions that span from Spain to South America.
Fast Fact: Hispanic refers to individuals or cultures from Spanish-speaking countries. Latino refers to people who are from or descended from people from Latin America (Central America, almost all of South America and most of the Caribbean).
There are many ways to celebrate the achievements and contributions of our fellow neighbors. One great way is to learn a little about the role of food in Hispanic cultures. Like many families, Hispanic loved ones enjoy gathering around the table to spend time together. There are many wonderful dishes and recipes to experiment with – from authentic Baja fish tacos to the ever-popular yuca; deliciously fresh-fried empanadas, refreshingly sweet ceviche to the Spanish-staple paella and so many others.
Here, Joy Cantrell, executive chef and food production manager at Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center Burbank, shares a few of her favorite dishes sure to be a crowd pleaser at any time of year – and especially during Hispanic Heritage Month.
Let’s dig in!
Picadillo is a popular dish throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Called a culinary chameleon, picadillo often takes up the ingredients, traditions and customs of the regions and families that make the dish. At the heart of picadillo is minced or ground meat. In Cuba, it’s a quintessential comfort food with hints of sweetness from raisins and cinnamon. Here, Chef Joy shares a delicious and easy recipe for Cuban picadillo.
Prep time: 20 minutes
Cook time: 25 minutes
Total time: 45 minutes
Yield: 8 servings
- 2 cups red onion, diced
- 2 cups green pepper, seeded and finely chopped
- 2 tablespoons olive oil for sautéing
- 4 cloves garlic, minced
- 2 pounds ground beef
- 3 large tomatoes, peeled, seeded, and chopped
- 1 teaspoon cumin, ground
- 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon
- 1 teaspoon oregano
- 1/2 cup green olives, chopped
- 1/3 cup golden raisins
- 1/2 teaspoon salt ( Kosher) and black pepper (to taste)
- Sauté onion and green pepper in olive oil in a large frying pan for about 5 minutes, until the onion is softened. Then, add the garlic and ground beef.
- Mash the onion and green pepper into the sautéing meat and cook until the meat is browned, about 5 minutes.
- Add the tomatoes, cumin, cinnamon and oregano. Reduce heat to low, cover and simmer for about 15 minutes.
- Add olives and raisins and simmer 5 minutes longer. Salt and pepper to taste.
- Serve hot over white rice.
Fried plantains are a great addition to this dinner. See the recipe below.
Note: You can also shred leftover pot roast instead of ground beef
Servings Per Recipe: 8
Serving Size: 1 serving
- Calories: 400.3
- Total Fat: 26.8 g
- Saturated Fat: 8.7 g
- Polyunsaturated Fat: 1.6 g
- Monounsaturated Fat: 13.5 g
- Cholesterol: 78.2 mg
- Sodium: 740.1 mg
- Potassium: 654.8 mg
- Total Carbohydrate: 18.0 g
- Dietary Fiber: 2.6 g
- Sugars: 2.2 g
- Protein: 23.0 g
Plantains are a staple in many Latin American homes. Considered “the fruit of the Caribbean” this versatile fare is a favorite side dish around the globe. In fact, it’s the 10th most common staple food in the world. So, how did it wind up sprouting first in Southeast Asia and then making its way to the sunny lands of the Caribbean? Unsurprisingly, its route is clouded by much of what drove trade and travel at the time: colonization and enslavement. Slave traders brought plantains from Asia to west Africa, and eventually to the Caribbean as a cheap and effective way to feed enslaved men and women.
Today, the plantain is a staple in many homes and restaurants across much of the world – including Latin America and the Caribbean. Families have reclaimed the fruit as their own – serving it with love to their own families. Try it for yourself and see why it’s a favorite in so many households.
Prep time: 10 minutes
Cook time: 10 minutes
Total time: 20 minutes
Yield: 4 servings
These are unique because they are fried twice.
2 large green plantains, peeled and cut into 2-inch slices
2/3 cup vegetable oil (approx.)
1/4 teaspoon salt (to taste)
- Peel the plantain: Cut the ends of each plantain off with a sharp knife. Use the knife to cut through the peel only the entire length of the plantain. Loosen the peel along the cut and remove peel by hand. Cut about 2 to 2 1/2-inches wide
- Fill a large skillet one-third full with oil and heat over medium-high heat to a temperature of about 300 degrees F. Once the oil is hot, fry the plantain slices for approximately 3 to 5 minutes, turning once, just long enough to make them soft.
- Remove the plantains and drain on paper towels. Use a plantain press or a brown paper bag folded over to smash the plantains to about half their thickness.
- Let the oil come back to a higher temperature – this time about 375 degrees F. Fry once again, turning occasionally, until golden brown on both sides.
- Remove and use paper towels to absorb excess oil. Sprinkle with plenty of salt and serve.
Servings per recipe: 4
Serving size: 1/2 cup
- Total Fat: 4 g
- Saturated: 0 g
- Polyunsaturated: 0 g
- Monounsaturated:0 g
- Trans: 0 g
- Cholesterol: 0 mg
- Sodium: 1138 mg
- Total Carbohydrates: 14 g
- Dietary Fiber: 1 g
- Sugar: 6 g
- Protein: 5 g
- Potassium: 196 mg
- Vitamin A: 0 %
- Vitamin C: 4 %
- Calcium: 0 %
- Iron: 2 %
Percentages are based on a diet of 2,000 calories a day.
A commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion
Providence SoCal Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Council (SoCal DE&I) is leading some of our efforts to raise cultural awareness and promote diversity to help build appreciation for cultural traditions. We are also starting conversations to help educate people about different cultures as a way to create a more welcoming, equitable and inclusive environment. We support diversity education and awareness initiatives, thus deepening our ability to provide compassionate care and honor human dignity.
Meet the chef
Joy Cantrell is an executive chef and food production manager at Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center Burbank. Prior to joining Providence 15 years ago, Joy was the director of operations for the catering division at Warner Music Group and has also owned her own catering company. Joy is also on the culinary board of directors at Los Angeles Mission College and is a Providence Mission Spirit awardee. Fun Fact: Joy was born at Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center Burbank.
Find a doctor
If you need to find a doctor, you can use our provider directory. Through Providence Express Care Virtual, you can also access a full range of health care services.
Download the Providence App
We’re with you, wherever you are. Make Providence’s app your personalized connection to your health. Schedule appointments, conduct virtual visits, message your doctor, view your health records, and more. Learn more and download the app.
Food for the soul: Native American recipes
Food for the soul: Collard greens
This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your health care professional's instructions.
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Al-Jazari described complex programmable humanoid automata amongst other machines he designed and constructed in the Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices in 1206.His automaton was a boat with four automatic musicians that floated on a lake to entertain guests at royal drinking parties. His mechanism had a programmable drum machine with pegs (cams) that bump into little levers that operate the percussion. The drummer could be made to play different rhythms and different drum patterns if the pegs were moved around.According to Charles B. Fowler, the automata were a ""robot band"" which performed ""more than fifty facial and body actions during each musical selection.""
Al-Jazari also constructed a hand washing automaton first employing the flush mechanism now used in modern flush toilets. It features a female automaton standing by a basin filled with water. When the user pulls the lever, the water drains and the female automaton refills the basin.His ""peacock fountain"" was another more sophisticated hand washing device featuring humanoid automata as servants which offer soap and towels. Mark E. Rosheim describes it as follows: ""Pulling a plug on the peacock's tail releases water out of the beak; as the dirty water from the basin fills the hollow base a float rises and actuates a linkage which makes a servant figure appear from behind a door under the peacock and offer soap. When more water is used, a second float at a higher level trips and causes the appearance of a second servant figure — with a towel!"" Al-Jazari thus appears to have been the first inventor to display an interest in creating human-like machines for practical purposes such as manipulating the environment for human comfort.
Villard de Honnecourt, in his 1230s sketchbook, show plans for animal automata and an angel that perpetually turns to face the sun. At the end of the thirteenth century, Robert II, Count of Artois built a pleasure garden at his castle at Hesdin that incorporated several automata as entertainment in the walled park. The work was conducted by local workmen and overseen by the Italian knight Renaud Coignet. It included monkey marionettes, a sundial supported by lions and ""wild men"", mechanized birds, mechanized fountains and a bellows-operated organ. The park was famed for its automata well into the fifteenth century before it was destroyed by English soldiers in the sixteenth century.
The Chinese author Xiao Xun wrote that when the Ming Dynasty founder Hongwu (r. 1368–1398) was destroying the palaces of Khanbaliq belonging to the previous Yuan Dynasty, there were—amongst many other mechanical devices—automatons found that were in the shape of tigers.
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Podcast: Play in new window | Download (Duration: 14:49 — 20.4MB)
Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | Spotify | RSS
How do we respond when our emotions feel like they’re going to explode out, just like a shaken soda can?
As adults, we have rough days all the time. Emotions run high; we feel out-of-control. We want to scream or cry or throw things, and we have decades of experience being human! That means that we (usually) have tools to monitor and regulate our own emotions. Small children have no such safeguards! When kids have big or tricky emotions, it is their first time experiencing them! As adults, in parenting or teaching capacities, our responsibility is to help our children navigate their new and frightening experience of feeling very big emotions.
I’ve learned, from my years as a counselor and teacher, that role-playing and other interactive demonstrations serve well for teaching. Role-plays are best suited for times when your child is at their normal calm state rather than when they’re in the “red” zone (see episode 89, Red Light Green Light). You can help your child visualize buildup of tricky emotions with this demonstration, then remind them about it in a fun way to help them diffuse when the pressure builds later on.
Shake a soda bottle up as you explain to your child that big emotions can build until they explode, then open that soda right up and let the pressurized soda explode out. It’s fun, it’s kooky, they’ll probably laugh at it if they’re small. I’ve titled this episode Pepsi Parenting because as you know I love alliteration — but any kind of soda or carbonated beverage will do. Coke, La Croix, you name it.
Later on, if you notice your child approaching the “red” zone, you can avoid demanding that they “calm down” or “grow up.” If either of those worked, I would do them on my own kids, but they don’t! Instead, try mentioning, “hey, are you feeling like a shaken-up Pepsi can there?” to keep the atmosphere at a quality I like to call “light and fluffy.” Note that this doesn’t mean we steer away from the serious. We can have honest communication about hard things like tricky emotions, but the dialogue doesn’t have to be serious. Humans, like other mammals, naturally learn by play.
As you practice modeling healthy responses to big emotions, your children will continue to learn and grow. Don’t give up; consistency is the key to their learning experience, and yours as well. You’ve got this!
Join my FREE parenting bootcamp!
Let’s Connect! Here’s where you can find me:
Learn more at https://www.coachingkelly.com.
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This locomotive ‘Fair Rosamund’ was the only one of its class to carry a name. It was, of course, named after Rosamund Clifford and usually worked on the Great Western Railway’s Woodstock branch, near Oxford. Rosamund Clifford (mistress of Henry II) came from Clifford Castle near Hay in the Marches. This castle was associated with… Continue reading ‘Fair Rosamund’
Thomas Stanley – warrior! (A little-known military exploit by our hero.)
In 1456 the aggressive King of Scots, James II, sent an armed expedition against the Isle of Man. As is well-known, Man was at this time a private lordship owned by the then Stanleys, who was known as ‘King of Man.’ Retaliation was swift and led by Stanley’s son, Thomas – yes, he of Bosworth… Continue reading Thomas Stanley – warrior! (A little-known military exploit by our hero.)
When is a Cage not a cage? When it’s a Stand.
Even as a child, I was fascinated by Lyme Cage. It stands on high ground, and to a casual observer has no obvious purpose. I remember being told it was used as a prison for poachers – hence the name – but this was neither its primary nor original function. A mere glance at a… Continue reading When is a Cage not a cage? When it’s a Stand.
The sitter of this portrait is said to be Lucy Hutchinson (born Apsley) who was the wife of Civil War General John Hutchinson, MP. Lucy was a remarkable woman. She wrote what is thought to be the first epic poem produced by an Englishwoman. She was also a translator, and as if that was not… Continue reading Lucy Hutchinson
The appointment of women to the Garter. (Medieval era).
I have been trying to make sense of the method by which women were appointed to the Garter in the middle ages, and have concluded there was no system. Of course, as with the knights, who were nominally ‘elected’ by the other knights, it all came down to royal favour. But with the knights, there… Continue reading The appointment of women to the Garter. (Medieval era).
Some minor problems with Thomas More’s account.
King Edward, of that name the fourth, after that he had lived fifty and three years, seven months, and six days, and thereof reigned two and twenty years, one month, and eight days, died at Westminster the ninth day of April. King Edward was born 28 April 1442 and died 9 April 1483. He was… Continue reading Some minor problems with Thomas More’s account.
Walking Among Lions
Those of you who enjoy historical fiction featuring members of the House of York may like to know that Brian Wainwright is writing a trilogy of novels about Constance of York, Edmund of Langley‘s daughter. The first book in the series, Walking Among Lions, is already available from Amazon. It can be had in paperback,… Continue reading Walking Among Lions
The Talbot Dog
The origins of the Talbot dog breed are shrouded in mystery. ‘Talbot’ was one of many names which we know were given to individual dogs – the equivalent of ‘Rover’ or ‘Bonzo’. What is less clear is when exactly the Talbot dog breed emerged, It appears the Talbots were short-legged, usually white coated and of… Continue reading The Talbot Dog
The Rise of the Stanley family.
In the late 14th Century, the Stanleys were a gentry family, their power base lying chiefly in Cheshire, notably in the Wirral. Their ancestry might fairly be described as ‘provincial’. There were certainly no kings in their quarterings. This is not to say they were unimportant, but their influence was of a local rather than… Continue reading The Rise of the Stanley family.
Hard time to be a woman?
Of late I have read quite a few posts on Facebook bemoaning the tough lot women had in the Middle Ages. Well yes, their lives could be very hard. But so could those of medieval men. It’s important not to generalise too much. There were certainly men who valued their wives very highly. We need… Continue reading Hard time to be a woman?
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The House of Stuart, originally spelt Stewart, was a royal house of Scotland, England, Ireland and later Great Britain. The family name comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland, which had been held by the family progenitor Walter fitz Alan (c. 1150).
- c. 1371 (651 years ago)
- Anne, Queen of Great Britain (1702–1714)
- Scotland, England, Ireland, Great Britain
- Robert II of Scotland (1371–1390)
The House of Stewart, or Stuart, is a royal house of Scotland and England. The Tudor dynasty ended when Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603. She named her cousin James I as heir. He became James I of England, and started the Stuart dynasty.
La Casa de Estuardo ( Stuart o Stewart, en inglés) fue la dinastía reinante en Escocia desde 1371 hasta 1603 y desde entonces en el conjunto formado por ésta con Inglaterra e Irlanda hasta 1714, exceptuando el periodo de la República (1649-1660) . El primer período de la dinastía abarcó hasta la proclamación de la República (1649).
house of Stuart, also spelled Stewart or Steuart, royal house of Scotland from 1371 and of England from 1603. It was interrupted in 1649 by the establishment of the Commonwealth but was restored in 1660. It ended in 1714, when the British crown passed to the house of Hanover.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The House of Stuart — a Scottish royal house, and later English and British royal house. Rulers of the Kingdom of Scotland (during 1371−1701); and also of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland (during 1603−1649 & 1660−1701); and of the unified Kingdom of Great Britain (during 1702−1714).
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How do you write an outline for a poem?
How to Write Outline. In order to outline your poetry essay, break up the outline into three main parts: introduction, argument, and conclusion. The introduction will introduce the poem and the poet and state your thesis.
How do you structure an analysis of a poem?
Check out these six ways to analyze a poem.Step One: Read. Have your students read the poem once to themselves and then aloud, all the way through, at LEAST twice. Step Two: Title. Think about the title and how it relates to the poem. Step Three: Speaker. Step Four: Mood and Tone. Step Five: Paraphrase. Step Six: Theme.
How do I write an outline for a paper?
To create an outline:Place your thesis statement at the beginning.List the major points that support your thesis. Label them in Roman Numerals (I, II, III, etc.).List supporting ideas or arguments for each major point. If applicable, continue to sub-divide each supporting idea until your outline is fully developed.
What is word outline?
Outline in Word means seeing just the headings of a long document. That is if you are using styles which makes this all possible. You still have the paragraphs that are part of each heading but you have hidden them for the time being. This allows you to concentrate on the flow of the document more easily.
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Artist: attributed to Francesco da Sangallo, Italian, 1494–1576
Location: Saint Louis Art Museum
Dimensions: 63.5 x 134 x 59.1 cm
In this sculpture the satyr Pan reclines on a rocky base amid grape clusters and vines. His left hand clutches a goatskin called a nebris that he wears around his neck. Such details, together with the small salamander carved amid the rocks, evoke a rustic scene befitting Pan, the half goat-half human god of the woods, fields, and flocks known for his lecherous pursuits. The reed pipe, or syrinx, in Pan’s right hand is an allusion to the maiden Syrinx, who was changed into a patch of reeds to escape the satyr’s advances. Francesco da Sangallo carved this sculpture from a recycled piece of ancient marble and it once served as a fountain; its water spout is still visible at the mouth of the sack above his right arm.
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Vision is perhaps the most important of all our senses, and gives us an immense amount of information regarding the outside world. The initial format in which this information reaches the retina are photons; particles of energy radiation of a given wavelength emitted or reflected from our surroundings. The brain itself however, perceives information in electrical signals via action potentials and changes in electrochemical gradients. The processes involved in the transduction of photons into electrical potentials will be the focus of this article. This review article summarizes the recent advances in understanding these complex pathways and provides an overview of the main molecules involved in the neurobiology of vision.
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On an almost daily basis, someone accuses Russia of committing war crimes in Ukraine. But if Russia is committing war crimes, what exactly are those crimes? And would there be a way to hold Russia to account?
The laws of war are part of the international rule of law and are found in many international treaties, conventions, and compacts. One of the most fundamental of those laws is Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations, which provides that “all members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.” The only exception is Article 51, which provides that “Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security.”
Article 2(4) is the modern version of the concept of state sovereignty that originated in the 1648 Peace of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years War. Prior to that time, only rulers, princes, or clerics went to war; states as we know them did not exist, at least in the Western Hemisphere. Article 2(4) makes it clear that one sovereign state may not invade another sovereign state unless it is done in self-defense.
War crimes are violations of those parts of the laws of war that have been “criminalized” and are acts that international law deems universally criminal. In the words of Kevin J. Heller of the Australian National University, they are crimes that “every state in the world has independently decided to criminalize.”
There seems to be no doubt that Russia has clearly violated Article 2(4). There was no “armed attack” by Ukraine, and Russia was not otherwise acting in self-defense. Vladimir Putin’s claims that Ukraine’s application to join NATO represented a threat to Russia’s “very existence” and to its “state sovereignty” are preposterous. Not only is Russia’s invasion a clear violation of Article 2(4), but it is also a clear violation of the traditional law of war concept of jus ad bellum, which governs and limits the circumstances under which a war (or here an invasion of another sovereign state) may be undertaken.
Nor is there any doubt that Russia’s conduct in Ukraine violates the companion principle of jus in bello, which regulates the conduct of belligerents already at war. This concept probably came from the writings of St. Thomas Aquinas, who modified St. Augustine’s “just war” theory. The modern articulation of the concept comes largely—but not entirely—from the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their three subsequent Protocols.
Although the concepts of jus ad bellum and jus in bello have been around for centuries, the phrase “war crimes” is a relatively recent addition to our lexicon; it did not appear in print until 1872 and then only in passing. The Nuremberg trials were the first in the modern era to try individuals for war crimes. Because the UN Charter was not yet in place, an ad hoc tribunal was created and given the power to try individuals for crimes against peace, war crimes, and “crimes against humanity.”
Please email comments to [email protected] and join the conversation on our Facebook page.
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Old Postcard. Lirnyk Timish from the Outskirts of Poltava. wikipedia.org
Kobzarstvo and lirnytstvo were male occupations, and, as a rule, kobzari, lirnyky, and bandurysty were blind. They earned their living, in their own words, ‘begging’; this led to a nomadic lifestyle. While at home, they performed feasible household chores and engaged in handicrafts (mostly knitting ropes). In our contemporary terms, their main activity was artistic: they were itinerant musicians who sang to the accompaniment of a musical instrument such as the kobza, bandura, or lyre. The songs performed by kobzari differed somewhat from those performed by lirnyky, differed somewhat from between but they were united by their repertoire base: epics (dumy, historical songs), the spiritual tradition (psalms, songs of religious content), and instrumental music for dance (sometimes with refrains). It is clear that traveling musicians could often be found in crowded places such as at fairs and bazaars, near churches, on village holidays in the summer, and near the taverns. However, they were also often invited to play in wealthy homes where they could receive temporary shelter for a few days.
According to some researchers, kobzarstvo
was a regional phenomenon that was widespread in the territories of the former Hetmanate (now Poltavshchyna, Chernihivshchyna, and Sumshchyna), and in the 19th century, it spread to Kharkivshchyna and partly Kyivshchyna. According to other researchers, this musical tradition was present in Pravoberezhzhia as well but disappeared over time. In particular, there is mention of the banduryst Vasyl Varchenko from Zvenyhorodka in the records of Haidamak
units during the Koliivshchyna uprising. Kobzars
are also depicted in many of Shevchenko’s drawings and recollections from his childhood — which was spent in Pravoberezhzhia. Lirnytstvo
was widespread in all areas, equally popular in the Slobidshchyna, throughout Polissya, Volyn, Podillia, and the Carpathian regions.
Kobzar, Ivan Kuchuhura-Kucherenko. 1902. wikimedia.org
Kobzar-lirnyk art of the 19th century was of a folk professional calibre: kobzari and lirnyky formed workshops (‘fellowships’). One initially practised as a student for many years. This began in childhood when a blind boy or young man became an apprentice to the panotets (father) who taught him to play instruments and sing over at least three years. There were exceptions to this rule: Ostap Veresai's education lasted only a few months. The panotets employed a particular method to teach students how to play a musical instrument. Most often, the panotets taught by laying his hands on the hands of the student; he recited the work ahead of time for the student to memorise. There were other methods too. For example, the priest would order a student to pluck a certain string. Lirnyk Hrytsko Oblichenko recalled that ‘his teacher taught him by tying his fingers. He taught me to sing by singing, not by reciting ahead.’
Kobzar, Ivan Kuchuhura-Kucherenko. 1922. wikimedia.org
After completing his studies with the panotets, the young kobzar had the right to apply for membership to the workshop. To do this, one had to pass an exam and go through a ritual called odklinshchyna at the fellowship: it was necessary to bow to the brethren and receive a blessing from them in order to join the professional society. After passing examinations,he received ‘vyzvilka’— therelease from the teacher’s care, making him eligible for independent craft and earnings in the form of startsiuvannia and kobzariuvannia. It was also necessary to earn the right to be a master, a panotets, and to teach students as apprentices. The rite of odklinshchyna is a typical professional initiation rite. Its obligatory elements included examinations for professional suitability (knowledge of the repertoire and fellowship laws, performing skills), ceremonial feasting, and giving gifts to panotsy. After passing this rite, the apprentice was called ‘odklonennyi’ (‘bowed’), and ‘vyzvolenyi’ (‘liberated’). He became a master and received the right to engage startsivstvo in the area defined by the fellowship.
Kobzar and lirnyk workshops were organised akin to handicraft workshops. They had their own hierarchy: the professional council called sudna rada (‘judging council’) included panotsy (‘panmaistry-elders’) who formed the radna starshyna (‘council or workshop foreman’). At the head of the workshop, there was a workshop master (prapanotets). Each fellowship had its own area of business. Blind musician guides were not allowed on the workshop council.
Kobzari and lirnyky had their own secret slang (argot) — the Lebiiska language. It was ironically called ‘Kalipetske govrydannia’. The vocabulary of this language consisted of unrecognisably modified Ukrainian words as well as loanwords from modern Greek, Gypsy, Romanian, Hebrew, German, Hungarian, Turkish, Russian, and Swedish.
Banduryst, Terentii Parkhomenko. wikimedia.org
History has kept the names of famous folk singers of the late 19th - early 20th century: kobzari Ivan Strichka, Khvedir Hrytsenko-Kholodnyi, Ivan Kravchenko-Kriukovskyi, Ostap Veresai, Mykhailo Kravchenko, Hnat Honcharenko, Fedir Basha, Andrii Shup, Petro Kolybaba, Pavlo Bratytsia, Terentii Parkhomenko, Petro Drevchenko, Musii Kulyk, Vasyl Nazarenko; lirnyky Arkhip Nykonenko, Ivan Peresada, Mykolai Doroshenko, Stepan Pasiuga, Samson Veselyi, Nestor Kolisnyk, Varion Honchar, Anton Skoba, Nestor Boklag and others.
Petro Drevchenko. wikimedia.org
After the revolution of 1917, the situation changed drastically as there was an active effort to eliminate the kobzar-lirnyk tradition. In the 1920s and 1930s, researchers were ‘catching’ the last authentic bearers of tradition and recorded them. Kateryna Hrushevska published the corpus ‘Ukrainian Dumy’ that became a banned nationalist publication after her imprisonment and exile. Kobzari and lirnyky were forced to ‘adjust’ to socialist values, to Marxist - Leninist ideology, and compose ‘new dumy’ about Lenin and Stalin. This initiative did not gain much traction. However, the authentic artform was superseded by the concert activities of bandura bands who began to form trends and genres of Ukrainian singing and instrumentation.
Kobzari: Mykhailo Kravchenko, Tereshko Parkhomenko, and Petro Drevchenko. wikimedia.org
There are only rare cases where the authentic tradition has been preserved thanks to such performers as banduryst Yehor Movchan, lirnyk Ovram Hrebin and others.
A new historical stage of the kobzar-lirnyk tradition is associated with the Khrushchev Thaw of the 1960s. First, there were attempts to adapt traditional performance styles and repertoire to the emerging conditions of big cities and an increasingly urban society. Ukrainian intellectuals were bearers of a new national idea that was taking shape in private underground rooms and began to shape the artistic environment.
The banduryst Hryhorii Tkachenko
, a student of Petro Drevchenko, was instrumental to the success of the kobzar-lirnyk
tradition in this period. He gave new life to the traditional repertoire (dumy
, psalms, historical songs), he demonstrated that in the second half of the 20th century bandura may sound old - fashioned, but it has cultural value. He mentored a number of students who have been instrumental to the celebration of Ukrainian culture today. Among them, there are Mykola Budnyk, Volodymyr Kushpet, Viktor Mishalov, and Taras Kompanichenko.
Kobzar Mykola Budnyk. wikimedia.org
In the present, we have witnessed the revival of the kobzar-lirnyk tradition and the introduction of its rich heritage to modern culture. Contemporary Ukrainian kobzari and lirnyky have created a demand for traditional repertoire, made this art form an integral part of modern culture, and combined performance with some related activities. This is exemplified by efforts to search archives for musical manuscripts of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, and Classical periods and incorporate them into the repertoire (Taras Kompanichenko), open workshops to teach students how to play musical instruments (Taras Yurii Fedynskyi) create ensembles that mix bandura, kobza, and basolia with ancient instruments (‘Khoreia Kozatska’ band), and the revival of lirnytstvo (Mykhailo Khai). An interesting phenomenon has emerged when singers leave the concert halls and go ‘into the street’, becoming symbolic of freedom heralds (for example, the important role of kobzari and bandurysty in the Maidan events).
Taras Kompanichenko. wikimedia.org
Kobzari are also trying to revive traditional social forms of community, in particular, gathering in workshops (Kharkiv Kobzar Workshop, Kyiv Kobzar Workshop). The centres of traditional kobzariuvannia are now Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, and Lutsk. Kobzar workshops try to teach epics to the blind, hold annual scientific and practical conferences ‘Kobzar-lirnyk epic tradition’, publish collections of materials, organise an annual festival of epic tradition called Kobzarska Triitsa, concerts, organize kobzariuvannia sessions in the Ivan Honchar Museum, organize the Kobzar-lirnyk Pokrova festival, and also a number of festivals and events in other cities and villages of Ukraine, such as Lira-Fest, Kobzar camp in Kryachkivka).
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What is a business?
What is a business? A business is an organized effort involving human resources and capital to produce or obtain goods and services for the public. A business can be an individual enterprise or a corporation. Depending on the type of business, How To Create A Business With No Product may offer products and services for sale, provide jobs and income, generate tax revenue, or make a social impact.
How do you create a business without a product?
There are plenty of ways to create a business without a product. You can start an LLC, operate as an unincorporated business, or even work as an independent contractor. Regardless of the approach you take, there are some important steps to follow. First, research your market. What services or products do your potential customers need? Once you know this, develop a plan for reaching these customers. Your strategy might include online advertising, paid search campaigns, or social media outreach. Next, develop a business model that works for you. Some businesses sell their products directly to consumers while others offer subscription services or consulting services. figure out what makes your offering unique and find a way to market it effectively. Finally, establish yourself as a credible provider of the service or product you’ve created. This means building a strong reputation and developing customer testimonials. It can also mean investing in marketing materials and promotional tools like website design and branding initiatives. Having a successful business without any product is possible – but it takes hard work and dedication!
Businesses without products are successful
Creating a business without products can be a very successful venture. This is because businesses with no products can still generate revenue through other means such as advertising or charging for services. Additionally, many businesses without products can also generate revenue by selling intellectual property (IP). One of the best ways to create a business with no product is to start an online store. Online stores are popular because they allow businesses to sell products to customers around the world without having to physically stock or ship anything. Additionally, online stores offer a low-cost way to reach customers and can be profitable even if the business doesn’t sell much merchandise. Another successful way to create a business without any product is to offer services such as consulting, web design, or marketing. Many businesses find that these types of services are lucrative because they’re difficult to price accurately and there’s always demand for them. Furthermore, many businesses without products can charge higher prices for their services than those with products since people tend to value what they don’t have more than what they do have. Some final tips for creating a business with no product include finding a niche market that’s underserved and has high potential for growth, developing an effective marketing strategy, and creating a customer base through word-of-mouth marketing or paid advertising campaigns.
Businesses without products and services
Creating a business with no products or services can be an incredibly successful way to make money. There are a few things you’ll need to do in order to create this type of business, but once you have them down, it’s easy to get started. The first thing you’ll need is an idea for your business. This doesn’t have to be anything complicated – you could just start with a simple idea that you think would be popular with consumers. Once you have an idea, the next step is to come up with a plan for how you’re going to create and market your product. Once you have a plan in place, it’s time to get started creating your product. This part can be tricky – if your product isn’t something that consumers are already interested in, they may not want to buy it. To find out if people are interested in your product, you’ll need to do some research into the market and see what other businesses are doing. Once you have a idea for your product and know if people are interested in buying it, the final step is marketing it. This can be done through social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook, as well as through traditional advertising campaigns. If everything goes according to plan, eventually people will start buying your product and your business will be successful!
If you’re thinking of starting your own business but don’t have any products to sell, then this guide is for you. In this article, I will outline the steps you need to take in order to create a business with no product and still make money. By following these steps, you’ll be able to create a website and start selling your services online. Without any products to sell, your business will depend on two things: 1) capturing people’s attention and 2) converting that attention into leads or customers. Both of these tasks are easier said than done, but by following these tips, you’ll be well on your way to success.
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|This furnace was exposed for just over a year before collapsing, and indicates one of the many different furnace structures used for iron-smelting in Nigeria. A base containing six radial tuyères (air pipes) was also noted here.|
History: Most of the survey work for this project was undertaken between 1982 and 1986. Work began around the quartzite Kazaure hills in northern Nigeria, where numerous kirya trees (Prosopis africana) trees once provided charcoal for smelting, mainly in Late Iron Age shaft furnaces. The next surveys concentrated on the peripheries of large laterite mesas - some of the world's most ancient land-surfaces dating back several million years - to survey much higher densities of iron-smelting ruins, mainly Early Iron-Age bowl furnaces. Later surveys roamed vast areas following oral tradition and other leads to locate smelting in a whole range of other environments. Finds included the Siri furnaces (below) and two groups of over 200 shaft mines up to 15 m deep. Finds, such as those in Yankari National Park (below), are still occurring; and an African Legacy video includes more data.
Ceramic analyses: Within the Kano area, attempts to collect pottery sherds for seriation analyses by computer were thwarted by the deposition of taki (manure and household waste including sherds) on the in-fields of the close-settled zone, which is under permanent cultivation. Seriation analyses of spatially discrete collections rely on the lateral shift of settlement over time; and this was being disguised by the taki, by slow rates of ceramic change and by a paucity of decoration and form variables. Although one very tediously detailed survey by a USA researcher discovered one possible chronological variable in the fabric (inclusion of grog), a more cost-effective approach was to collect from specific land-use sites over a very extensive area. Such sites included rock-shelters, iron-smelting ruins, gullies, fields, deserted settlements and today's occupied settlements. These then provided an approximate chronological framework against which sherd variables could be easily compared to sort out their lenticular distribution over time and space. As a technique for pioneering surveys in Africa, this was both rapid, simple, effective and resource efficient.
|This furnace ruin at Siri was hidden inside a stone structure within a house on a hilltop during the unstable conditions of the C19thj jihad (holy war). Many of northern Nigeria's iron-smelters were Maguzawa (magicians) who 'played with fire' and maintained other pre-Islamic practices. Note the baobab trees (Adansonia digitata) in the background: these acted as a famine food, provided rope, medicine and helped curdle whey. Local people say that Allah was angry with this tree and so planted it upside-down with its roots in the air.|
|Shaft furnace ruins in Yankari National Park, Nigeria
were only 'discovered' recently, and indicate the vast potential of Africa's
visible archaeology. This picture has been used as the cover for African
Legacy's video on early art, iron-smelting and settlement wall construction
For enquiries: e-mail: email@example.com
Return to main menu
Return to Desert Sand Dunes
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Importance of Going on Holiday
Taking a holiday is something most of us look forward to. It is a time when we can step away from our day-to-day lives to enjoy a different environment.
Some people go on holiday once a year, others go multiple times per year and others don’t at all, usually not through choice but circumstances. Although holidays are great for the period that you are away it is said that they also have other benefits including reducing stress. This gives us the question, how important is it to go on holiday at least once a year?
Instructions:Go through the vocabulary below with your students and ask them to try and use this vocabaulry where possible when discussing the different conversation questions.
Try and use the following vocabulary when answering the question. Click to look up the definition in the dictionary
- How important is it to go on holiday at least once a year?
- How many times did you go on holiday last year?
- How many times do you usually go on holiday?
- How important is it for you to go on holiday?
- Ideally, how many times would you like to go on holiday in a year?
- Why do you think people like going on holiday?
- What reasons do people have for not going on holiday at least once a year?
- What benefits does going on holiday give you?
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New evidence shows that the key assumption made in the discovery of dark energy is in error.
High precision age dating of supernova host galaxies reveals that the luminosity evolution of supernovae is significant enough to question the very existence of dark energy.
The most direct and strongest evidence for the accelerating universe with dark energy is provided by the distance measurements using type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) for the galaxies at high redshift. This result is based on the assumption that the corrected luminosity of SN Ia through the empirical standardization would not evolve with redshift.
New observations and analysis made by a team of astronomers at Yonsei University (Seoul, South Korea), together with their collaborators at Lyon University and KASI, show, however, that this key assumption is most likely in error. The team has performed very high-quality (signal-to-noise ratio ~175) spectroscopic observations to cover most of the reported nearby early-type host galaxies of SN Ia, from which they obtained the most direct and reliable measurements of population ages for these host galaxies. They find a significant correlation between SN luminosity and stellar population age at a 99.5% confidence level.
As such, this is the most direct and stringent test ever made for the luminosity evolution of SN Ia. Since SN progenitors in host galaxies are getting younger with redshift (look-back time), this result inevitably indicates a serious systematic bias with redshift in SN cosmology. Taken at face value, the luminosity evolution of SN is significant enough to question the very existence of dark energy. When the luminosity evolution of SN is properly taken into account, the team found that the evidence for the existence of dark energy simply goes away (see Figure 1).
Commenting on the result, Prof. Young-Wook Lee (Yonsei Univ., Seoul) who was leading the project said; “Quoting Carl Sagan, extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, but I am not sure we have such extraordinary evidence for dark energy. Our result illustrates that dark energy from SN cosmology, which led to the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics, might be an artifact of a fragile and false assumption.”
Other cosmological probes, such as CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) and BAO (Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations), are also known to provide some indirect and “circumstantial” evidence for dark energy, but it was recently suggested that CMB from Planck mission no longer supports the concordance cosmological model which may require new physics (Di Valentino, Melchiorri, & Silk 2019). Some investigators have also shown that BAO and other low-redshift cosmological probes can be consistent with a non-accelerating universe without dark energy (see, for example, Tutusaus et al. 2017). In this respect, the present result showing the luminosity evolution mimicking dark energy in SN cosmology is crucial and is very timely.
This result is reminiscent of the famous Tinsley-Sandage debate in the 1970s on luminosity evolution in observational cosmology, which led to the termination of the Sandage project originally designed to determine the fate of the universe.
This work based on the team’s 9-year effort at Las Campanas Observatory 2.5-m telescope and at MMT 6.5-m telescope was presented at the 235th meeting of the American Astronomical Society held in Honolulu on January 5th (2:50 PM in cosmology session, presentation No. 153.05). Their paper was also accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal and was published in January 2020 issue.
Reference: “Early-Type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology” by Yijung Kang, Young-Wook Lee (Yonsei Univ., South Korea), Young-Lo Kim (Lyon Univ., France), Chul Chung (Yonsei Univ.) and Chang Hee Ree (KASI, South Korea), 20 January 2020, The Astrophysical Journal.
“Doth not this aethereal medium in passing out of water, glass, crystal, and other compact and dense bodies in empty spaces, grow denser and denser by degrees, and by that means refract the rays of light not in a point, but by bending them gradually in curve lines? …Is not this medium much rarer within the dense bodies of the Sun, stars, planets and comets, than in the empty celestial space between them? And in passing from them to great distances, doth it not grow denser and denser perpetually, and thereby cause the gravity of those great bodies towards one another, and of their parts towards the bodies; every body endeavouring to go from the denser parts of the medium towards the rarer?” Isaac Newton,Third Book of Opticks.
If this is true then a lot of 2000s physics documentaries just lost their tv contracts haha.
Since work done (and the corresponding to it potential energy) is misdefined neither missing mass nor dark energy is necessary – see:
Czajko J. Equalized mass can explain the dark energy or missing mass problem as higher density of matter in stars amplifies their attraction. World Scientific News WSN 80 (2017) 207-238 http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/WSN-80-2017-207-238.pdf
Now wait just a minute here!! How can we upset settled science that 97% of scientists have agreed is true, simply because of a few observations paid for by oil companies? These so-called “scientists” ought to be stripped of their positions and ostracized. Now I see the wisdom of prosecuting science deniers.
Once the truth has been declared, doubt is dangerous. Humanity could go extinct, or something.
This is the usual recycling of using little data, taking a spurious result and claiming it invalidates all the other consistent evidence in cosmology – here with the help of cherry picking similar spurious results.
More precisely. SN1as are local Hubble rate indicators, but there are many similar such as the red giant branch tip that converge on the same Hubble rate.
The Di Valentino, Melchiorri, & Silk 2019 type of work was recently rejected by most others:
“When researchers reanalyzed the gold-standard data set of the early universe, they concluded that the cosmos must be “closed,” or curled up like a ball. Most others remain unconvinced. … “it is just a statistical fluke.””
[ https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-shape-is-the-universe-closed-or-flat-20191104/ ]
Now we can turn to Sarkar et al, who in turn referenced Di Valentino but made a different claim:
“No Dark Energy? No Chance, Cosmologists Contend. … It’s standard to correct for this motion and to transform supernova data into a stationary reference frame. But Sarkar and company did not.”
[ https://www.quantamagazine.org/no-dark-energy-no-chance-cosmologists-contend-20191217/ ]
From the last link we can note on the recycling of bad data analysis from non-DE papers:
“Those who find the back-and-forth about data analysis hard to follow should note that the data from supernovas matches other evidence of cosmic acceleration. Over the years, dark energy has been inferred from the ancient light called the cosmic microwave background, fluctuations in the density of the universe called baryon acoustic oscillations, the gravitationally distorted shapes of galaxies, and the clustering of matter in the universe.”
So, here is the nut:
Tutusaus et al suggest to relax the SN1a redshift like the work here, and not surprisingly can find a better curve fit with a more complex model; they use 5 SN1a. But besides that unwarranted assumption they run into problems with the Hubble rate value instead [ https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.06197.pdf ].
The current work picks a handful of SN1as and make an extraordinary claim at 2.8 sigma. The dark energy data set contains thousands [!] of SN1as [ https://iopscienc…5a9/meta ] and is tested to ~ 5 sigma.
(Technically they do a chi-square test, so I’m eye balling it from their comparison with non-DE power laws – Riess et al are 2 order of magnitude better. But that is also the tension in the local vs global Hubble rate, so we should also not expect any better confidence IMO. Also, I think these opportunistic non-DE papers somewhat rely on that tension, at least indirectly.)
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What Is It?
Cysts are sacs or capsules that form in the skin or inside the body. They may contain fluid or semisolid material. Although cysts can appear anywhere in the body, most frequently they live in the skin, ovaries, breasts or kidneys. Most cysts are not cancerous.
Common locations of cysts include:
- Skin — Two types of cysts commonly occur underneath the skin, epidermoid cysts and sebaceous cysts. Both usually appear as flesh-colored or whitish-yellow smooth-surfaced lumps. Epidermoid cysts form when surface skin cells move deeper into the skin and multiply. These cells form the wall of the cyst and secrete a soft, yellowish substance called keratin, which fills the cyst. Sebaceous cysts form inside glands that secrete an oily substance called sebum. When normal gland secretions become trapped, they can develop into a pouch filled with a thick, cheese-like substance. Common sites include the back of the neck, the upper back and the scalp.
- Wrists — Ganglion cysts develop as rubbery or soft swellings, usually in response to a minor injury that triggers excess joint fluid to collect in a saclike structure next to the joint. Ganglion cysts also can occur on the fingers or feet.
Knees — A Baker's cyst is a pouch of joint fluid that collects behind the bend of the knee. Because of its location, this cyst may cause the knee joint to feel swollen or tight. In most people, Baker's cysts are linked to arthritis or knee injury.
Ovaries — An ovarian follicle that doesn't release its egg may form a cyst on the ovary. These cysts are not harmful and usually disappear after two to three months.
Breasts — Breast lumps may be either cystic or solid. Breast cysts are almost always benign (non-cancerous).
SymptomsVagina — Bartholin's gland cysts may develop in one of the Bartholin's glands, which lie just inside the vaginal canal and produce a protective, lubricating fluid. The buildup of secretions or infections inside one of the Bartholin's glands can cause the gland to swell and form a cyst.
Cervix — Nabothian cysts develop when one of the mucous glands of the cervix becomes obstructed.
Kidneys — Solitary cysts (also known as simple cysts) are the most common type. They appear as fluid-filled pouches and usually do not cause any symptoms. About 25% of Americans older than age 50 have this type of cyst. Some people inherit the tendency to develop many kidney cysts, a condition called polycystic kidney disease, which often causes high blood pressure and can lead to kidney failure.
Cysts can cause a wide range of symptoms, depending on the type of cyst and its location. Here are some common symptoms grouped by location:
- Skin — Typically slow growing and painless, skin cysts are usually small, although some can grow to the size of golf balls. They do not cause pain unless they rupture or become inflamed. In these cases, there will be redness, swelling and tenderness.
- Wrists — Ganglion cysts can appear suddenly and grow quickly. They usually are about the size of a dime, and may be tender to the touch. In some cases, a ganglion cyst may weaken a person's grip or make it painful.
- Knees — Baker's cyst may feel like a hard-boiled egg when the patient bends the knee. The knee joint may feel swollen and tight. If a cyst breaks open, it can cause pain in the back of the knee or down the leg. If a cyst is large enough, it can lead to swelling in the leg and foot.
- Ovaries — When ovarian cysts rupture, they cause sudden, severe pain in one side of the lower abdomen or upper pelvis. Ovarian cysts are associated with menstrual spotting and irregular menstruation.
- Breasts — Most breast cysts do not cause any symptoms. Others are tender to the touch. Cysts may change in size and sensitivity during the course of a menstrual cycle.
- Vagina — Bartholin's gland cysts may cause a recurring, tender swelling on either side of the vaginal entrance. Sometimes, they can become infected; causing pain, and occasionally pus may drain from them.
- Cervix — Nabothian cysts usually have no symptoms.
- Kidneys — Usually, kidney cysts are discovered only when a radiology test is done for another reason. Cysts can sometimes cause back pain. If they grow large enough, they can trigger abdominal pain. Cysts can cause bloody urine. Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder that can lead to kidney failure.
In cases of visible cysts, such as those in the skin and wrists, your doctor will ask you when you first noticed the cyst, how quickly it grew, whether its size has changed, and if it is painful. During a physical exam, your doctor will look for redness and tenderness and will examine the size and shape of a suspected cyst. Often, this visual inspection is all that's needed.
Depending on the type of cyst, other tests may be necessary:
- Knees — A Baker's cyst can almost always be diagnosed by looking at it. The cyst is not visible on standard X-rays, although X-rays can confirm the presence of osteoarthritis, which is associated with these cysts. Occasionally, an ultrasound is done if swelling extends into the back of the calf to be certain that the leg swelling is caused by the cyst and not a blood clot in the leg. Rarely, magnetic resonance imaging is necessary.
- Ovaries — Ultrasound scans locate the cyst and tell if it is filled with fluid. Depending on the cyst's characteristics and a person's age, a repeat ultrasound may be done in a few months to see if the cyst goes away.
- Breasts — A breast lump discovered by you or your doctor may be a cyst or solid tissue. Depending on your age, personal medical history and family medical history, your doctor may:
- Repeat the breast examination after you have completed your next menstrual period.
- Place a thin needle into the lump. If fluid can be drained, the lump is a cyst. Your doctor may send the fluid to a laboratory to be examined under a microscope.
- Order a breast ultrasound that can determine if the lump is solid or fluid-filled.
- Order a mammogram to look for any suspicious abnormalities before deciding if a biopsy is necessary. A biopsy is the removal of a tissue sample for laboratory testing.
- Vagina — During a gynecological exam, your doctor will look for a tender lump, a Bartholin's gland cyst, near the opening of the vagina. Any redness, swelling, tenderness or pus suggests an infection.
- Cervix — During a gynecological exam, your doctor may see fluid-filled Nabothian cysts on your cervix.
- Kidneys — Ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scans can detect kidney cysts.
Many cysts, such as wrist or ovarian cysts, go away on their own. Others, such as skin cysts, grow slowly in size and may go away on their own or may need to be drained if they produce symptoms or become inflamed. Cysts in the cervix may disappear after a woman gives birth. Kidney cysts usually do not go away.
There is no way to prevent most cysts.
The need for treatment and the type of treatment depend on the type of cyst, its location and your symptoms. If the cyst does not cause symptoms or pose a health threat, you probably will not need any treatment. In other cases, one of the following treatments may be recommended:
- Skin — For a large or inflamed cyst, your doctor may recommend draining the cyst. Skin cysts often have a surrounding capsule that also needs to be removed to prevent the cyst from recurring.
- Wrists — Painful ganglion cysts may be treated with ice packs applied directly to the wrist and with pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin and others). If you don't like the way the cyst looks, or if you experience pain or weakness in your grip, your doctor can use a needle to remove the fluid from the cyst. The cyst can become bigger again. In some cases, surgery may be done to remove the cyst.
When To Call A ProfessionalKnees — Because Baker's cysts are most commonly associated with arthritis of the knee, treatment is directed at the arthritis. If the cyst is very large, your doctor can use a needle to remove the fluid from the cyst and/or inject corticosteroid medication into the cyst or knee.
Ovaries — Most ovarian cysts are simple cysts that don't require specific treatment. Expanding or ruptured cysts that cause pelvic pain are treated with oral pain relievers. Cysts that have a more complex appearance on ultrasound or CT scan may require additional evaluation such as direct visualization with laparoscopy and possible biopsy. A woman with an ovarian cyst that is most likely benign but has a slightly unusual appearance may be asked to repeat the ultrasound in one to two months.
Breasts — If you have a fluid-filled lump, your doctor may insert a needle into the cyst and remove the fluid. This makes the cyst smaller and allows the doctor to send a sample of the fluid to the lab for testing. If the lump is not fluid-filled, your doctor will use your age, mammogram results, risk factors and character of the lump to decide whether you should have a surgical biopsy of the lump or have it removed.
Vagina — Your doctor may tell you to apply warm, wet compresses (such as a warm washcloth) to the area, and to take ibuprofen or acetaminophen to relieve any pain. If a rash or fever develops or if pus drains from the cyst, your doctor may make a small incision in the cyst to allow it to drain and may prescribe antibiotics.
Cervix — Usually, Nabothian cysts do not need to be treated.
Kidneys — Fluid-filled cysts do not require treatment. If the cyst causes symptoms, your doctor can drain it with a needle under ultrasound or CT scan guidance or remove it through laparoscopic surgery (surgery through small incisions). Your doctor may send a sample of the fluid to a laboratory for testing. If you have polycystic kidney disease, your doctor will recommend regular checkups to monitor your kidney function. People who develop kidney failure from inherited cysts need dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Make an appointment to see a doctor whenever you notice an abnormal growth or swelling anywhere on your body. If you think you may have an inflamed skin cyst or a Bartholin's gland cyst in your vagina, use warm compresses and acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce inflammation until you can see your doctor. Sometimes, these early steps are enough to treat the problem. If you have diabetes call your doctor the same day you notice signs of infection because you are at risk of having the infection spread.
If you are a woman, contact your doctor immediately if you experience sharp, sudden pain in your lower abdomen or upper pelvis or you have abdominal pain with a fever. You may have a ruptured ovarian cyst, but it also could be appendicitis. New breast lumps should be evaluated promptly by a doctor.
The prognosis for the vast majority of cysts is excellent. Many cysts do not cause any symptoms and go away on their own. Cysts can come back. Draining or surgically removing cysts usually has no complications or side effects.
In rare cases in which a cyst is next to or inside a cancerous tissue, the prognosis depends on the type of cancer and whether it has spread.
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content. Please note the date of last review or update on all articles.
No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.
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You’ve been told time and time again not to let the scale be the judge of your progress, but yet that number–you know, the one that never seems to budge despite compliments from friends and your skinny jeans feeling more baggy–still gets in your head. If substantial stats are what you’re after, slide the scale aside and instead use body fat percentage as your guide.
What is Body Fat Percentage?
In basic terms, it’s the ratio of your total amount of body fat divided by your total body composition. In numbers, if you weigh 150 pounds with 20 percent body fat, that means 30 pounds of your mass is fat, and 120 pounds is everything else–organs, tissues, muscle, bones, etc. Determining the amount of body fat on your frame can be done using a few different methods, including calipers, measurement calculators, body scanning systems, and displacement tools.
It’s important to remember that despite the word carrying a negative connotation, fat is not always a bad thing–you need it to live. It’s really more the amount and type of fat that is most important.
There are two kinds of fat in your body: essential and storage. Essential fat is what is needed for your body to function, and storage fat helps provide energy to your body. Women tend to carry more essential fat than men thanks to hormones and baby making, with the average being around 10 to 12 percent. Your calculation can help you identify if you’re in a healthy range. While numbers vary from source to source, the American Council on Exercise uses the following averages for females:
Essential Fat: 10-12%
Obese: 32% +
Don’t Confuse Body Fat Percentage with BMI
If you’ve ever had a wellness check up, you may have heard the term “BMI” or body mass index. Body fat percentage and body mass index are both used as indicators of healthy and unhealthy bodyweights, but that’s where their similarities end.
The numbers generated by BMI, which is calculated by dividing a person’s weight by a person’s height, can be very misleading as there is no indication as to body mass composition. According to average BMI charts, it’s not uncommon for someone carrying a lot of muscle on her frame to be categorized as Obese, when in reality she may be carrying very little unhealthy body fat.
Body Fat Percentage and Your Goals
Now that you know how to calculate your body fat percentage and what it means regarding you total composition, it’s time to put the data to good use. While many people tend to approach body transformation with statements such as “I want to lose 30 pounds,” using your body fat percentage as the guide to what is healthy and right for your objective can be a better strategy.
For example, let’s say you’re 150 pounds in the “Acceptable” range with 26 percent, which means you have 39 pounds of fat and 111 pounds of lean body mass. Your goal is to have more of a “Fitness” physique, with a new body fat percentage of 19 percent, or 28.5 pounds of fat (a 10.5 pound loss of just fat). Assuming your lean body mass stays the same, your goal body weight would be around 137 pounds. Here’s what the calculation looks like:
111/(1-0.19) = 137 pounds
Had you instead decided to follow the scale method and aim for that blanket loss of 30lbs to get your body weight down to 120lbs, you could’ve been working toward resultsthat may not only be difficult to achieve but also potentially unhealthy for your activity level.
Progress Not Perfection
Armed with better data, your body goals may feel more in reach and less frustrating to achieve. Still, it’s important to remember that while body fat percentage may provide a more realistic view of your body’s makeup, it’s not an exact science. Avoid relying too heavily on the numbers to tell you how well you’re doing, and instead keep it simple with a combination of progress pictures, measurement tracking, what you see in the mirror, and how your clothing fits.
How do you measure progress? Share with others in the comments!
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On 15 April 1928, the dirigible Italia lifted off from Milan, Italy, hoping to be the second airship ever to reach the North Pole. Over a month later, on 24 May, expedition leader Umberto Nobile sent a triumphant radio message to a ship anchored at the airship’s base camp near Ny-Ålesund, in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard: The mission was a success. It would be the last message the base camp would ever receive from the Italia.
Ten days later, a young Russian with a homemade radio picked up a desperate SOS signal originating 1,900 kilometers (1,180 miles) away. The Italia had crashed on sea ice north of Svalbard on its return journey, leaving nine surviving crew members who had been attempting desperately to contact the base ship to send help. The shipwrecked crew could pick up a news station from Rome, 4,000 kilometers (2,485 miles) away, but no matter what frequency they tried, their cries for help could not reach their camp on the other side of the Svalbard Islands. The stranded crew were eventually rescued after weeks on the ice.
“This was completely mysterious to them, I’m sure,” said Delores Knipp, former editor in chief of Space Weather and a research professor at the University of Colorado Boulder. “They could not understand how they could receive a signal from Rome—very distant—but not be able to contact what appeared to be a very close-by potential rescue ship.”
Unbeknownst to the Italia’s crew, their plight was caused by an unlucky confluence of space weather disturbances, according to a new retrospective analysis by a team of Italian researchers published this month in Space Weather. The crew had crash-landed in what is known as a radio skip zone, where radio signals can’t be received, during a period of turbulent solar and geomagnetic activity that prevented the signal from getting through.
“This is a history lesson that could replay during other explorations such as lunar or interplanetary travels, so possible communication issues due to disturbed space weather conditions must be taken in due consideration even more nowadays,” said Ljiljana Cander, a visiting scientist at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the United Kingdom and a coauthor of the study.
A Different Kind of Storm
High-frequency radio communication takes advantage of a layer of the atmosphere ionized by solar radiation, which extends from 50 to 1,000 kilometers above Earth’s surface. Space weather is the term for the phenomena—often solar and electromagnetic disturbances—that affect this layer.
In 1928, radio was still a nascent technology and one that had been used largely at midlatitudes. Few had attempted to reach the North Pole, and fewer still had succeeded. Explorers knew that the poles were capable of brutal terrestrial weather events with howling winds and icy conditions. But they had no real concept of space weather or any idea that it behaved dramatically differently at northern latitudes as well.
“Our midlatitude regions are pretty well behaved. We have to have really severe space weather storms to disrupt high-frequency radio communication,” Knipp said. But at the transition from midlatitude to polar regions, the ionosphere gets “turbulent.” It fluctuates more day to day and is more heavily affected by geomagnetic activity. This causes both longer-term radio disruptions and shorter-term blackouts.
Skip zones, or silent zones, are areas where the radio signal cannot reach the ground, meaning that a radio transmission can’t be received within the skip area. These silent zones occur near all radio transmitters, but their size is influenced by the electron density of the ionosphere, which fluctuates more at the poles. Polar latitudes also have unique ionosphere disturbances like polar cap absorption resulting from solar eruptions and auroral radio absorption caused by fluxes in energetic electron activity from the magnetosphere.
An Expedition on Thin Ice
As some of the first polar explorers, the crew of Italia became unwitting participants in the earliest-known demonstration of what happens when several of these absorption events conspire to disrupt a signal at the same time. When the airship crashed on the ice, the nine survivors immediately attempted to contact the base ship using a portable high-frequency radio. Signals fluctuated between the 9.1- and 9.4-megahertz frequencies, to no avail.
The dirigible had crash-landed in a silent zone for those particular frequencies, which extended across most of the Svalbard islands and made it impossible for the crew to contact their base. A geomagnetic storm flared up for several days after the crash, potentially further restricting the range of radio frequencies that could get through.
“The combination of the two—a lowering of usable frequencies and an increase of the absorption—might have caused either a narrowing of the usable frequency spectrum or even a blackout that lasted for a few days, preventing the survivors from being heard,” said Michael Pezzopane, a researcher at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and a coauthor of the study.
To the North Pole and Beyond
The plight of the Italia crew is still relevant today. Space weather as a discipline has been officially recognized only since the 1990s, and our understanding of space weather still lags behind our understanding of traditional weather patterns. Analyzing key space weather events from the past using modern technology and understanding can help us avoid similar pitfalls in the future.
“I do think these historical reconstructions are useful, especially from the point of view of generating awareness for space weather and how it can either adversely or positively affect what we do here on Earth,” said Nathaniel Frissell, an assistant professor in the Physics and Engineering Department at the University of Scranton in Pennsylvania who was not involved in the study.
“The people who were involved in this event were very much explorers and frontiers people,” Knipp said. “We can draw a parallel with that now for humanity as we try to go back and establish some kind of base on the Moon and as we reach out to cross to a new planet—Mars.”
—Rachel Fritts (@rachel_fritts), Science Writer
Fritts, R. (2020), Space weather lessons from a 1928 dirigible debacle, Eos, 101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO146304. Published on 01 July 2020.
Text © 2020. The authors. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
Except where otherwise noted, images are subject to copyright. Any reuse without express permission from the copyright owner is prohibited.
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Applying the Stages of Organizational Growth
In this week’s readings, you learned about the advanced stages of organizational growth. For this exercise, create a table in Microsoft Word that:
Briefly describes stages V, VI, and VII of organizational growth.
For each stage, describe an example as it relates to a company provided in the text. You do not have to use the same company for each example.
Identify 1–2 key areas of success and 1–2 areas for improvement at each stage for the example you’ve provided.
Use accurate grammar, mechanics, spelling, and citation in accordance with the Strayer Writing Standards.
For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
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Compulsive gambling, also called gambling disorder, is the uncontrollable urge to keep gambling despite the toll it takes on your life. Gambling means that you're willing to risk something you value in the hope of getting something of even greater value.
Gambling can stimulate the brain's reward system much like drugs or alcohol can, leading to addiction. If you have a problem with compulsive gambling, you may continually chase bets that lead to losses, use up savings and create debt. You may hide your behavior and even turn to theft or fraud to support your addiction.
Compulsive gambling is a serious condition that can destroy lives. Although treating compulsive gambling can be challenging, many people who struggle with compulsive gambling have found help through professional treatment.
Products & Services
Signs and symptoms of compulsive gambling (gambling disorder) can include:
- Being preoccupied with gambling, such as constantly planning gambling activities and how to get more gambling money
- Needing to gamble with increasing amounts of money to get the same thrill
- Trying to control, cut back or stop gambling, without success
- Feeling restless or irritable when you try to cut down on gambling
- Gambling to escape problems or relieve feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety or depression
- Trying to get back lost money by gambling more (chasing losses)
- Lying to family members or others to hide the extent of your gambling
- Risking or losing important relationships, a job, or school or work opportunities because of gambling
- Asking others to bail you out of financial trouble because you gambled money away
Most casual gamblers stop when losing or set a limit on how much they're willing to lose. But people with a compulsive gambling problem are compelled to keep playing to recover their money — a pattern that becomes increasingly destructive over time. Some people may turn to theft or fraud to get gambling money.
Some people with a compulsive gambling problem may have periods of remission — a length of time where they gamble less or not at all. But without treatment, the remission usually isn't permanent.
When to see a doctor or mental health professional
Have family members, friends or co-workers expressed concern about your gambling? If so, listen to their worries. Because denial is almost always a feature of compulsive or addictive behavior, it may be difficult for you to realize that you have a problem.
Exactly what causes someone to gamble compulsively isn't well understood. Like many problems, compulsive gambling may result from a combination of biological, genetic and environmental factors.
Although most people who play cards or wager never develop a gambling problem, certain factors are more often associated with compulsive gambling:
- Mental health issues. People who gamble compulsively often have substance misuse problems, personality disorders, depression or anxiety. Compulsive gambling may also be associated with bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- Age. Compulsive gambling is more common in younger and middle-aged people. Gambling during childhood or the teenage years increases the risk of developing compulsive gambling. But compulsive gambling in the older adult population can also be a problem.
- Sex. Compulsive gambling is more common in men than women. Women who gamble typically start later in life and may become addicted more quickly. But gambling patterns among men and women have become increasingly similar.
- Family or friend influence. If your family members or friends have a gambling problem, the chances are greater that you will, too.
- Medications used to treat Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome. Drugs called dopamine agonists have a rare side effect that may result in compulsive behaviors, including gambling, in some people.
- Certain personality characteristics. Being highly competitive, a workaholic, impulsive, restless or easily bored may increase your risk of compulsive gambling.
Compulsive gambling can have profound and long-lasting consequences for your life, such as:
- Relationship problems
- Financial problems, including bankruptcy
- Legal problems or imprisonment
- Poor work performance or job loss
- Poor general health
- Suicide, suicide attempts or suicidal thoughts
Although there's no proven way to prevent a gambling problem, educational programs that target individuals and groups at increased risk may be helpful.
If you have risk factors for compulsive gambling, consider avoiding gambling in any form, people who gamble and places where gambling occurs. Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent gambling from becoming worse.
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Lorinda Cherry received her Master’s in Computer Science from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1969, at a time when the computer science program was more of a specialized math degree, with some programming courses but little theory. She worked for a few years as a Fortran programmer, but found it “very boring” to constantly write programs based on someone else’s ideas. She yearned to work on systems, but there were few entry points for such jobs: individual labs tended to recruit new graduates and train them in their in-house programming language, and Cherry was already overqualified. She eventually found a home at Bell Labs, where she worked on the nascent Unix operating system, which had not yet made the switch to C when she joined the team.
Cherry thrived in the collaborative and creative environment of Bell Labs, which encouraged programmers to imagine and execute projects that interested them. She worked on several influential mathematical tools, including a desk-calculator language (bc); eqn, a typesetting system for publishing mathematical formulae; and a method of data compression based on trigram statistics, among others. In these years, Cherry recalls, the potential of the computer had barely been tapped, and if asked what she did for a living, she would say that her job was to “see what kind of neat new things I can make the computer do, and in those days the computer wasn’t doing a lot, but it was super interesting and there was a lot more stuff you could make it do.”
An early strength of the Unix system was the way it allowed different programs to cooperate on a task, and Cherry, who described herself as “thinking in Unix,” often found ways to apply an insight or feature from one application to a seemingly unrelated context. Thus, one of the first spell-check programs, typo, evolved from her statistics work. Cherry went on to help develop other text-related projects, including Writer’s Workbench, an editing program that was eagerly embraced by high school and college English departments.
Cherry found inspiration for her work in every area of her life, from rally car racing to dog training. In fact, she authored a series of papers on using statistical analysis to evaluate the unconscious bias of dog show judges toward certain characteristics or breeds. As she told one interviewer, “I’m a practitioner. I’m off to write programs with any excuse or activity.”
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