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We've been practicing eye blinks and eye darts in class recently. The first blink is done traditionaly using light boxes and a program called monkey jam. Very basic, vanilla blinks and eye darts.
This dart was made using adobe flash cs3.
I've learnt alot from these classes. Turns out that people pay more attention to eyes than mouths. Sooo as long as you're showing the emotions through the eyes, your lipsyncing doesn't have to be 100% perfect, because the audience probably won't be paying much attention to the mouth anyway.
Also, we usually learn to draw in arcs when animating movements. When it comes to eyes however, we totally break the rules and try to make the pupils only follow straight lines instead of arcs.
My teacher gave us lots of notes from various animators, one being Kyle Balda, who has noted some very good points:
- Eye darts generally dart around within 10-20% of the eye
- Eye dart timing should not be even
- Eye darts are good for communicating subtle thinking emotion
- Very fast and poppy (no ease-in to stop) is the most effective
- Character thinking eye darts should not flow in one direction
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“Theodore Roosevelt: A Life” by Nathan Miller (published in 1992) was the first comprehensive, single-volume biography of Roosevelt in over three decades. Miller was the author of more than a dozen books including “FDR: An Intimate History” and was a four-time Pulitzer Prize nominee. Miller died in 2004 at the age of 77.
While Miller’s biography is solid in nearly every respect, it is exceptional in almost none. In a field crowded with good TR biographies, this book’s raison d’etre seems to be a cache of previously unpublished correspondence between Roosevelt and his first wife. While these letters provide a few new interesting insights, little else in the biography stands out as unique or particularly noteworthy.
To its credit, this biography provides a more efficient reading experience than its 567 pages might suggest. The author’s writing style is straightforward and normally easy to follow, and he uses none of the excessively erudite language that can burden an otherwise excellent presidential biography.
Unfortunately, Miller’s book is far less an insightful day-to-day narrative and more a matter-of-fact summary of Roosevelt’s life. It seems content to convey facts without also providing meaningful historical interpretation or analysis. And it occasionally feels less like a presidential biography than a political science book.
Readers will find this biography comprehensive, if too brief on many topics. And it provides a good balance between Roosevelt’s personal and public lives. But while the book is often interesting, it is far less engaging than many other biographies of Roosevelt. The chapters describing TR’s journeys in the Dakota Badlands, Africa and Brazil, for example, may inspire readers new to Roosevelt but will seem lifeless and bland to most others.
In addition, the reader never gets inside Roosevelt’s mind or really learns what makes him tick. Where some biographers transport the reader to the subject’s own world – often allowing them to witness the subject’s innermost thoughts – Miller’s examination of Roosevelt feels comparatively remote and sterile. Never does the reader develop a meaningful familiarity with TR or view history through his eyes.
And as solid as the biography appears at first glance, at its core it is missing a sense of vitality. It is somewhat like an otherwise good movie that seems to be missing something…and then it becomes obvious there is no soundtrack. The basics are in place, but a vital component, responsible for creating context and engaging the audience, is missing.
Overall, Nathan Miller biography provides a crisp, clear and straightforward review of Teddy Roosevelt’s life. It is unpretentious, comprehensive and eminently readable, but falls short in several minor ways. Perhaps most strikingly, it feels distant, antiseptic and lifeless. Miller’s biography is more than adequate as an efficient and reasonably thorough introduction to Roosevelt. But by no means is it the best choice for either new or experienced fans of Theodore Roosevelt.
Overall rating: 3½ stars
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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https://bestpresidentialbios.com/2015/04/19/review-of-theodore-roosevelt-a-life-by-nathan-miller/
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A new study from researchers at the University of California, Berkeley found that when pregnant mothers live within one kilometer of fields where certain pesticides are used, their children are more likely to have lower IQs. These findings confirm those in several earlier studies. Which leads me to wonder: just how much evidence do we need before taking action?
This latest study looked at 283 seven-year-olds living in the Salinas Valley, an agriculturally intensive area along the Northern California coast. Researchers found that higher levels of organophosphate (OP) pesticide use in nearby fields during pregnancy lowered IQ scores by about two points. In the specific area of verbal comprehension, a nearly three-point decrease in IQ was observed.
In this study, proximity to agricultural pesticide use was used as a proxy for pesticide exposure. Based on past studies, pesticide use reporting data has been correlated with environmental pesticide concentrations in the home, suggesting that proximity to agricultural pesticide use is a meaningful indicator of pesticide exposure.
The conclusion of the study? Mothers living near agricultural use of neurotoxic pesticides during pregnancy may risk “poorer neurodevelopment” of their children.
Do we need more data?
The families involved in this particular study are part of the CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas) cohort study, which has been following a group of mothers and their children for about 16 years.
Pesticide use reporting data available from the state of California makes this type of work possible. Unfortunately, California is one of very few states in the country where pesticide use is reported on a yearly basis — and yet, California's use reporting system has room for improvement. For instance, the study we're talking about looked at pesticide use within one kilometer of the home. What if researchers had access to data that allowed for analysis at smaller distances (e.g., closer proximity to pesticides)? Would that tell us more?
An important first step is getting more data in other states. My Midwest PAN colleagues are working with a farmer-led coalition in Iowa, for example, that's pressing for better rules protecting farmers from pesticide drift and statewide pesticide use reporting.
It's definitely important to have more information, both so researchers can conduct studies with the best data available and also because the public quite simply has the right to know. But when it comes to environmental exposures to OP pesticides and other neurotoxic agents, I think we already have more than enough information to put health-protective policies in place right now. This is an injustice that we can and must address.
The big picture when it comes to kids' brains
I was part of a group of (mostly academic) scientists that recently issued a consensus statement on neurotoxic chemicals under the name of “Project TENDR,” which stands for Targeting Environmental Neuro-Developmental Risks. OP pesticides were among the chemicals identified as “candidates for action” posing a threat to children's brain development.
Other candidate chemicals included those with a LOT of data, like lead (just to give you some context, Benjamin Franklin wrote about lead's neurotoxic properties). Project TENDR also identified candidate chemicals like poly brominated diethyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, among others.
Project TENDR was convened by Maureen Swanson of the Learning Disabilities Association of America and Irva Hertz-Picciotto, a researcher at the University of California, Davis, in response to the concerning increase in learning and behavioral problems in children — and the fact that increased risks of these problems have been associated with a number of toxic environmental chemicals.
The basic premise of the consensus statement is that the risks to brain and nervous system development from neurotoxic chemicals are unacceptably high, and policies must be put in place to reduce exposures of children and pregnant women to these chemicals. The consensus statement called the current regulatory system “fundamentally broken.”
We don't have to accept this as the status quo. Pesticide usage doesn't have to be a given for us to have a thriving agricultural system. But we do need deep changes in our current policies to support the real transformation needed — and this is a real challenge. Luckily, a growing number of farmers and advocates are tackling this challenge, and hopefully these numbers will continue to grow.
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://www.healthfreedoms.org/research-showing-pesticides-are-affecting-our-childens-iqs-and-health/
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Questions? Call (909) 302-1811
Variometers measure the rate of change of altitude by detecting the change in air pressure (static pressure) as altitude changes. A simple variometer can be constructed by adding a large reservoir (a capacity bottle) to augment the storage capacity of a common aircraft rate-of-climb instrument. In its simplest electronic form, the instrument consists of an air bottle connected to the external atmosphere through a sensitive air flow meter. As the aircraft changes altitude, the atmospheric pressure outside the aircraft changes and air flows into or out of the air bottle to equalise the pressure inside the bottle and outside the aircraft. The rate and direction of flowing air is measured by the cooling of one of two self-heating thermistors and the difference between the thermistor resistances will cause a voltage difference; this is amplified and displayed to the pilot. The faster the aircraft is ascending (or descending), the faster the air flows. Air flowing out of the bottle indicates that the altitude of the aircraft is increasing. Air flowing into the bottle indicates that the aircraft is descending.
Newer variometer designs directly measure the static pressure of the atmosphere using a pressure sensor and detect changes in altitude directly from the change in air pressure instead of by measuring air flow. These designs tend to be smaller as they do not need the air bottle. They are more reliable as there is no bottle to be affected by changes in temperature and less chances for leaks to occur in the connecting tubes.
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There is only one reason why people become overweight: it is because people go from being healthy and fit to being an unhealthy one and sedentary.
When we are at school our eating habits are restricted. Children can eat only during lunch break. This trend continues for a while after school for many people, as they follow sporting pursuits and their eating habits remain the same.
But time passes, and the good habits instilled during our formative years are eroded away. However, as adults we can make our own choices; all too often people choose to eat junk food and stop exercising. We start to snack more often, eat extra meals, become sedentary and stop exercising. It never happens on purpose, these habits just creep up on us.
If this sounds like you, remember that you are not alone. The latest statistics say that 35% of U.S. adults are obese; one in three people have a BMI of over 30. It is no wonder heart disease, cancer, diabetes and stroke is such a big problem today.
Don’t stop caring
For some it happens in a few months, for others it may take a decade before the problems start. But the reason is the same: we stop caring.
We forget what it is to be free, to be young, to have fun, to run with no reason, to climb and not care if we fall, and to stop to eat only when we have been called five times.
Be young again!
The one true rule to losing weight and getting slim again is to change, to go back to be young again.
Develop a strict eating regime and stick to it – when you were at school you did not snack all day or eat a second meal before bed, so stop doing that now.
Follow a fitness routine and never skip a class (unless you have a letter from a parent). Join a club, a sports team, a class or just go out and exercise on your own (see our home exercise advice for more tips on this).
Get up and change your life, be young again and most importantly, be happy again.
The real key to losing weight is to reverse the bad habits that have been formed over the past years. Being overweight is simply the result of eating more food than you need. As we grow older our daily calorie needs generally reduce, so diet must be adjusted to compensate.
When people continue to eat throughout their twenties in the same way that they ate during their teenage years they will put on weight.
A healthy diet really does help to reduce hunger and keep you slim. Regular exercise helps to burn more calories and reduce hunger by controlling the hormones that regulate appetite. Diet and fitness really is the answer. We are here to help.
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Send the link below via email or IMCopy
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History of Track and Field
Transcript of History of Track and Field
at a sports festival in
Athens, Greece. The marathon was an event of the ancient Olympic Games. The marathon is a modern event that was first introduced in the modern olympic games of 1896 in Athens. From 776 BC, the
Olympic Games were
held every four years
for almost 12 centuries. Track and Field athletics in the U.S. dates back from the 1860's. The Intercollegiate Association of Amature athletes of America, the nation's first national athletic group, held the first collegiate races in 1873 and in 1888 the Amateur Athletic Union (which governed the sport for nearly a century) held it's first championship. As track developed as a modern day sport, a major issue for all athletes was their status as amateurs. For many years track and field was considered an amateur sport! Athletes could not accept training money or cash prizes. Track and field is one of the oldest sports. During the middle ages track and field disappeared. The true development of track and field as a modern sport started in England during the 19 century, and in 1849 the Royal Military Academy held the first organized track and field meet of modern times. In 1896 the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece, from April 6th to April 15th. It was held there because Ancient Greece was the birth place of the Olympic Games. In 1913 the international Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) was formed by representatives from 16 countries. The IAAF was charged with establishing standard rules for the sport, approving world records, and ensoring that the amateur code was adhered to; it continues to carry out these duties today. The participation of women in track and field is a recent development. In 1921 representatives from 6 countries formed an athletic federation for women, which merged with the IAAF in 1936. Participation by women has grown rapidly in many countries particularly in the United States, where many schools have added women's track and field to their athletic programs. The first event ever run in track and field was 600 feet long, for men only. Now as you can see, this is not an amatuer sport! But if you can not do these events as amazimg as we can....we are professionals. Just keep trying and join track it's amazing!!!
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https://prezi.com/jr22jssy6xid/history-of-track-and-field/
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Bio-Generators produce electricity from bio fuel. The generator will produce 5.6 kJ from a single item, and has an internal storage capacity of 160 kJ. After this has been reached, the bio-generator can hold 24000 units of bio fuel to be processed later, which is equivalent to 240 items.
22 pieces of wheat, 44 pieces of biofuel produced. (Wheat is the ideal item to be crushed)
With speed boost: total of 6.5kJ used with 1kJ left in the machine, 5.5kJ used to produce bio fuel.
5.5 / 22 = 0.275 kJ per wheat
Without speed boost: total of 23kJ used with 1 kJ left in the machine, 22kJ used to produce bio fuel.
22 / 22 = 1kJ per wheat
1 bio fuel = 5.6kJ, therefore 44 * 5.6 = 246.5kJ produced 246.5 - 5.5 = 241 net kJ produced with speed boost 246.5 - 22 = 224.5 net kJ produced without speed boost 241 / 5.5 = 43.8 kJ produced per 1 kJ used 224.5 / 22 = 10.2 kJ produced per 1 kJ used
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The Jewish written law is otherwise called the Torah. This book comprises the five first books belonging to the Hebrew Bible. This book is commonly known by the non-Jews as the Old Testament. According to a passage that is mentioned in the Torah, married Jewish women must cover their heads. At the time of the Torah, married women had to do this. Some people have an opinion that this practice is related to the laws of modesty in dressing. But this law mentioned in the Torah is meant only for married women while dressing modestly is required of all women. This practice is not considered to have any relationship with humility. Covering the hair is a tradition from this law as per the religious hierarchy.
The various religious communities consider the covering of the hair in each of their communities in different manners like wearing scarves, hats, and wigs. The Hasidic group of women prefer to wear wigs as they feel that the real hair will not appear or slip away from the wig. Some people also go further shaving their heads under the wigs. The Jewish women wear the wigs as they appear more beautiful than their real hair. Wearing wigs is generally accepted as it is not a commandment, and  Jewish women prefer to practice it. So it is not a problem for those women who have chosen to follow this tradition.
The women prefer to cover their heads by the wigs as the wigs can comfortably cover their heads for a long time if the hair is cut a little bit underneath. The women then need to wear the wigs to cover their hair. But it is also followed for modesty purposes, and some women prefer to wear a snood. This is a type of hat that can give space for some hair to exist underneath. The hair for women is a symbol for sex; therefore, covering the hair to remain modest is the major reason for Hasidic women to wear wigs. The modesty is also followed by Hasidic men as they do not go out without wearing a shirt, and the Hasidic women do not wear shorts.
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Children whose mothers took anti-epilepsy medicine during their pregnancy have no more health concerns than children whose mothers were untreated, according to a Danish study.
The research, “Prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs and use of primary healthcare during childhood: a population-based cohort study in Denmark,” was published in the journal BMJ Open.
Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder that requires treatment during pregnancy.
Research has linked prenatal exposure to anti-epileptic drugs with adverse outcomes in newborns, including congenital and neuropsychiatric disorders. The amount of research has been limited, however.
The latest results should comfort women who need anti-epilepsy medicine while they are pregnant.
A team at Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital’s Research Unit for General Practice studied whether prenatal exposure to anti-epileptic medicine can lead to more frequent use of primary healthcare during childhood.
Anne Mette Lund Würtz and her colleagues included in their study 963,010 babies born in Denmark from 1997 to 2012. The children were identified from the Danish National Patient Register. None of the children was part of a multiple birth — a twin or triplet, for example.
Researchers looked at the number of contacts the children had with doctors. They found no significant differences in contacts between children whose mothers had taken anti-epilepsy medicine during pregnancy and children whose mothers had not.
“The small difference we found in the number of contacts is primarily due to a difference in the number of telephone contacts and not to actual visits to the GP. At the same time, we cannot rule out that the difference in the number of contacts is caused by a small group of children who have more frequent contact with their GP because of illness,” Würtz said in a news release.
The number of children exposed prenatally to anti-epileptic medicines — 4,478 — had only 3% more contacts with a general practitioner during the study period than the unexposed children.
Researchers also looked at the number of doctor contacts by type of anti-epileptic drug mothers took. They discovered that valproate and oxcarbazepine, two widely used anti-epileptic drugs, were associated with more contacts with a general practitioner.
“Our results are generally reassuring for women who need to take anti-epilepsy medicine during their pregnancy, including women with epilepsy,” Würtz said.
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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Teaching children about empathy and giving them the inspiration and know-how to support their peers is a life-skill lesson that plays an important part in the classroom. Students should understand the power of collaboration and what it means to come together for a common mission. The umbrella of helping others can include working with a friend, making a difference in the world, and taking time to show people that you care.
When thinking about the best way to teach students how to help others, iPads probably aren't the first things that come to mind. There are mobile apps that empower students to create and share with one another, learn about the needs of others around the world, and post or send their knowledge and favorite tips for anyone to see. Explore the following list of iPad apps to gather ideas about using tablets as a medium for teaching students how to help others.
Drawing Together! is very cool app that lets users of any age wirelessly connect their iPad screens. Students can then work on the same shared screen from their own device to draw together. They can choose from coloring-book pages or a blank canvas. Another nice feature of this app is the ability to do a voice call as you draw. Whether older students are helping younger students illustrate a story they've written, or you're looking for a new way to connect pen pals, Drawing Together! is a neat choice.
Introducing students to the concept of sustainability and the environment is a fantastic way to teach empathy and the importance of helping others. Gro Recycling is a kid-friendly app that shows students the importance of recycling. Using a variety of cartoon characters, students will watch reusing and recycling in action.
Students who need extra help as readers or children who want to share their own love of reading with a struggling peer will love Kindoma Storytime. This partner-reading app connects two people through the wireless internet connection on their tablet. Sharing a view of the same book, users can watch the pages turn together, see each other's face, and hear the voice of their friend all at the same time. Kindoma Storytime is a great app for having students choral read or work with a buddy to practice fluency and comprehension.
If your students want to make a special treat for their friend or classmate, you'll want to check out WeCookit. Designed for children, this app is full of simple recipes, cooking tips, and facts about food that are perfect for first-time chefs. It includes colorful pictures that will make it easy for kids to create a fantastic dish to share with a friend or family member.
The World Wildlife Foundation has created WWF Together, an informative app to teach people about endangered species and help them learn how to support their dwindling populations. It includes lots of pictures, maps, and interesting facts about animals like the giant panda, monarch butterfly, and marine turtles. Kids can learn how to help these animals by reading about their habitats and the threats that they face.
Helping others can include teaching them what we know. Snapguide is a creation tool that makes it simple to design how-to or step-by-step guides using multimedia. Users can combine pictures, video, and text to make a guide that's easy for others to follow. This can help them solve a problem or figure out how to create something new. Your students can search through the user-generated guides to gather new ideas in addition to creating their own.
Just for You - Little Critter
A picture book that can help children think about helping others is Just for You from the Little Critter series. Your students might already be familiar with Mercer Mayer's characters. This story focuses on Little Critter as he tries his best to help out around the house. It includes interactive storybook features like "read to me" and the ability to add your own narration.
What apps have you used to teach students about helping others? Is there a tech-friendly activity that you've tried in your classroom?
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Facts about Virtual Reality The latest product of innovators and scientist is the virtual reality, or VR for short, and it is referring to a kind of computer technology which can be operated by using a software that can function by generating any realistic human sensations, images and sounds. Virtual reality or VR is designed by its inventor to replicate the environment of the real world in an imaginary setting, which can simulate the user’s physical presence within the said environment, and that can definitely be done by letting or enabling the user to interact with the space provided and the objects that is visible on the projectors, display screens or any other tools and devices that are designed, specifically for such innovation. VR can created an artificial sensory experiences to its users, such as hearing, sight, smell and touch, and its functions includes enabling its users to interact with the objects, features and items that is visible on the googles or on the screen, and move or look around on the artificial world. Some of the common accessories and devices used for virtual reality, includes a projector screen, computer monitor, a virtual reality headset which is also known as HMD or head-mounted display, and the latest one, is the head-mounted googles with a screen in the eyes. Virtual reality is being used in various areas of healthcare, like diagnosis, surgery, rehab, treatment and counselling, and this certain technology became very essential and important to the lives of the aspiring professional healthcare providers, such as doctors, paramedics, dentists, and for their patients, as well. Individuals who aspires to be a professional doctor and medical schools are using the VR as a means of instruction and education, which enables the medical students to gain knowledge and understanding about the human body by interacting in the artificial environment. Several other professionals and individuals who are using this innovation, includes paramedics, in which the students were given a scenario that can help them learn lifesaving skills without placing themselves and their patients at risks; the patients, in which this innovation can help them acquire knowledge about positive lifestyle choices, and to make positive changes about their health, and this is called as preventative medicine; PTSD or post-traumatic stress disorder patients, in which the patients can gain knowledge and skills in dealing with their phobias and the symptoms of their condition; the architects and construction industry, in which it enables them to design and test new buildings in an artificial environment; and the dentists, in which the students are shown a 3D set of teeth with a virtual dental chair. To summarize the benefits obtained by the users of VR, it includes less consumption of money, safety, realistic, efficiency, the chance to use it remotely, the ability to re-use the technology on a regular basis, or refresh of skills, and less consumption of time.
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If the family is the basis of the society, and the basis of the family is the division of labor between husband and wife, and the upbringing of children is the most important function of the family, then such a society is indeed civilized. In the Islamic system of life, this kind of a family provides the environment under which human values and morals develop and grow in the new generation; these values and morals cannot exist apart from the family unit. If, on the other hand, free sexual relationship and illegitimate children become the basis of a society, and if the relationship between man and woman is based on lust, passion and impulse, and the division of work is not based on family responsibility and natural gifts; if the role of women is merely to be attractive, sexy and flirtatious; if women are freed from their basic responsibility of bringing up children; if, on her own or under social demand, she prefers to become a hostess or a stewardess in a hotel or ship or air company, thus using her ability for material productivity rather than the training of human beings, because material production is considered to be more important, more valuable and more honorable than the development of human character, then such a civilization is ‘backward’ from the human point of view, or “Jahili” (ignorant of morals) in Islamic terminology.
The family system and the relationship between the sexes determine the whole character of a society and whether it is backward or civilized, ignorant or Islamic. Those societies which give ascendance to physical desires and animalistic morals cannot be considered civilized, no matter how much progress they may make in science or technology. This is the only measure, which does not err in guarding true human progress.
In many modern societies, the meaning of ‘morality’ is limited to such an extent that all those aspects, which distinguish man from animal, are considered beyond its sphere. In these societies, illegitimate sexual relationships even homosexuality, are not considered immoral. The meaning of ethics is limited to economic affairs or sometimes to political affairs, which fall into the category of ‘government interests’ which are largely immoral and unjust.
Among these un-Islamic societies, writers and journalists advise both married and unmarried people that free sexual relationships are not immoral. However, it is immoral if a boy uses his partner, or a girl uses her partner, for sex, while feeling no love in his or her heart. It is bad if a wife continues to guard her chastity while her love for her husband has vanished; it is admirable if she finds another lover…
From the point of view of ‘human’ progress, all such societies are not civilized but are backward.
The line of human progress goes upward from animal desires toward higher values. To control the animal desires, a progressive society lays down the foundation of a family system in which human desires find satisfaction, as well as providing for the future generation to be brought up in such a manner that it will continue the human civilization, in which human characteristics flower to their full bloom.
Obviously a society which intends to control the animal characteristics, while providing full opportunities for the development and perfection of human characteristics, requires strong safeguards for the peace and stability of the family, so that it may perform its basic task free from the influences of impulsive passions. On the other hand, if in a society immoral teachings and poisonous suggestions are rampant, and sexual activity is considered outside the sphere of morality, then in that society the humanity of man can hardly find a place to develop.
Thus, only Islamic values and morals, Islamic teachings and safeguards, are worthy of mankind, and form this unchanging and true measure of human progress, Islam is the real civilization and Islamic society is truly civilized.
By Sayyid Qutb
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Just How much is 16 Trillion?
The U.S. debt clock ticked up over 16 trillion early this morning. Just 10 months ago, I wrote that the clock had struck fifteen trillion. To put that in perspective, The United States government took the first 200 years of its existence to reach one trillion in debt. It has now taken less than 10 months to do it. Once you cross over into the dreamworld of imaginary numbers there is nothing stopping you from making a trillion more of them.
It is hard to say exactly when the United States government lost all semblance of fiscal credibility, but now that we are at 16 trillion it is evident that we are well past it. As my previous article discussed, a trillion is a number that is so large our attempts at hyperbole fall well short of describing it. A trillion is bigger than you think it is. It is bigger than your mind can imagine. Sixteen trillion... Well, that is sixteen times more.
Just to update a few of the points I made 10 months ago:
- 16 Trillion dollars is enough to carpet the entire states of Delaware, Rhode Island, and Florida in dollar bills.
- A stack of 16 trillion dollar bills, laid flat on top of each other, packed down with no space between them would go past Mt. Everest, out of the stratosphere, past the international space station, past the moon, around the far side, and back. Twice.
- 16 trillion dollars laid long ways, end to end with no space between them, would go on past the moon, past Venus, past Mercury, up to the surface of the sun, back to Earth, past Earth, past Mars, around the back side of Jupiter, back past Earth again, and back to the sun. If you travelled this loop, the second time you reached the sun you would still have about four trillion left to toss in the sun. You have to get rid of it somehow.
The 16 trillion hole does not include any entitlements. It is simply the total amount of money that the government spends on its day to day obligations and interest on existing debt. Mark Steyn has estimated that in 2015 our interest payments to China will pay for China's entire military budget. That is the optimistic scenario, assuming interest rates remain artificially low.
It doesn't count the roughly 120 trillion in unfunded future liabilities. Why bother counting that? Nobody with an ounce of sense believes it will ever be paid. No reason to even bother. Your retirement plans and your medical plans are in your hands alone. Get used it.
Here is another way to think about the sixteen trillion dollar hole.
You may remember the famous chess competition of 1997, when international chess champion Garry Kasparov was defeated in a six round chess competition by a multimillion dollar supercomputer named Deep Blue. Deep Blue was built by IBM over an eight year period on a virtually unlimited budget. It was capable of processing 200 million calculations per second.
Now, imagine Deep Blue smoking out the vents, straining and grinding its overworked processors for 22 straight hours. That is how long it would take for it to count to 16 trillion, running at its peak capacity.
What I'm trying to say is that in the entire course of human history, we have only in the past 15 years developed the technology necessary to count our own debt. It is bigger than our most gifted human minds can count. Spend it while you can.
T.S. Weidler can be contacted at tsweidler at yahoo dot com
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Virtually every year, we face a new flu season with a new strain of the virus, and a new controversy. Just a few years ago, the dreaded H1N1 strain of the virus had many people, and many experts, fearing the worst, and this year brings us more disturbing news from the experts.
However, the disturbing news this time around involves a disagreement between the experts: First B.C. Chief Medical Officer Perry Kendall stated in The Vancouver Sun that a Cochrane review of medical studies found that vaccinating health care workers helps protect patients from serious illness and even death.
That provoked one of the authors of the review, respiratory infections expert Tom Jefferson, to write in the Sun that the review found no such thing. And that has led the B.C. Nurses’ Union to fight mandatory vaccination of health care workers.
However this dispute plays out, it will be unfortunate if it distracts people from protecting themselves from the flu, including by receiving a flu shot. For while the jury may be out on the efficacy of vaccinating health care workers, many organizations, including the Public Health Agency of Canada, continue to stress the value of the shot.
Certainly, there are a few groups of people that should avoid the shots, including children under six months, those who have had previous negative reactions to the shots and those with allergies to eggs. For almost everyone else, about the worst they can expect to experience is some soreness around the site of the injection.
Flu shots are especially important for children between the ages of six and 23 months, seniors over 65, people who live in residential care and those with chronic heart or lung diseases, respiratory diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis, kidney disease, diabetes and compromised immune systems.
But while important, flu shots are not the only means of preventing infection or transmission of the virus. And we should also not allow controversy over the shots to distract us from other effective means of flu prevention.
One of the most effective measures is also the simplest and the oldest: Much misery can be prevented simply by engaging in regular and vigorous hand washing. Other tried and true methods include keeping common areas of your home and workplace disinfected, and keeping your hands away from your face.
And if you are unlucky enough to become infected, there are several things you can do to lessen the agony as well as the chances that you will spread the virus.
Chief among these involves staying at home: We’ve recently heard much about the phenomenon known as “presenteeism” — the opposite of absenteeism whereby workers who feel ill nevertheless attend work, thereby risking exacerbating their illness and spreading it to others.
The best advice for those who do get the flu is to avoid presenteeism; instead, stay at home, in bed, and drink a lot of fluids. And call your doctor, of course, if you suspect the problem may be serious.
That way, you should be on the road to recovery without bringing down the rest of your workplace. And both individuals and businesses can remain healthy.
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The Grand Canyon National Park offers incredible scenery and amazing history to those who visit its rim. Recognized as one of the seven Natural Wonders of the World, the Grand Canyon does not disappoint you in the panoramic view that is incomparable anywhere else in the world.
The Canyon achieved Federal protection in 1893, when it was termed a Forest Preserve, and again later as a national monument, but not until 1919 did it become a national park. Today the Canyon Park takes in over 5 million tourists every year. When it began as a national park in 1919, the number was about 45,000.
While it is not the deepest canyon in the world is be by far the most rich in both scenery and history. The amazing play of color on the rocks will keep you snapping photos. To those who are interested in its geologic content it is well preserved ancient geology that is fully exposed along the walls and offers unique historical information.
The Grand Canyon
Until the advent of the civil war, there was very little known about the canyon and it was in fact virtually unknown and certainly unmapped. Major John Powell changed all that in one trip. The Major was a veteran of the war, and had a real desire for adventure, loved science and had, as a result of the war, only one arm.
Powell chose nine companions who would go with him and with only four very small boats made of wood; they traversed the Colorado River, through the canyon. Only about half of the men returned from the trip. This group was the first to make the journey through the canyon on the Colorado.
Touring the Grand Canyon
Whatever your reasons for traveling to the Grand Canyon; to spend time hiking deep into the canyons, or to run the rapids of the Colorado River far below; a trip here will have you standing at the canyon rim staring in rapt admiration of the beauty that is exposed to your view.
The Grand Canyon, stretching for over 250 miles along the Colorado River has a wide array of scenic delights, among them the vast geologic history that is exposed to your view by the work of many years of erosion.
Some of the larger animals seen wondering in and around the Grand Canyon include big horn sheep, mule deer, mountain lions, bobcats and coyote. Birds you many see include both Bald and Golden Eagles, several types of hawks including the Red-tailed Hawk, Jays of all types, Mountain Chickadees and Wild Turkeys. Reptiles include many species of lizards and snakes.
Well known for its size and its very intricate and diverse landscape it is also very significant geologically because of the ancient rock layers that are so well preserved and so beautifully exposed to the eye in the walls of the canyon. They present a living history of the continent of North America and are spectacular both in what they afford us historically as well as scenically.
Approximately five million people travel to the canyon each year, and most will see the canyon from the south rim, coming for the scenery and very little more. There is however a great deal more to be seen and done in the Grand Canyon , including Grand Canyon Village, Hermits Rest Road and Desert View Drive. The South Rim, 60 miles north of Williams and 80 miles north of Flagstaff, Arizona, is the most easily accessed part of the park and is open all year.
A much smaller number of people will view the canyon from the north edge, which is only 10 miles directly across from the South Rim. The North Rim rises 1000 feet higher than the South Rim and is much less accessible. Heavy snows close the rim from October to May every year.
Even in the best of weather this side, although an incredible viewpoint, is much more difficult to get to, being about 220 miles further by car than the south rim, or by foot, across the canyon, about twenty miles hiking across the South and North Kaibab trail.
The Inner Canyon includes everything below the rim and is seen primarily by die hard hikers, mule riders and river rafters. Many opportunities exist here for adventurous people who live to backpack, ride the mules to the well known Phantom Ranch, or take a rafting trip down the river.
Having supported human life for over 4 thousand years, the canyons are the site of much history of human life a well, and have given up many secrets over the years such as petroglyphs, pottery, dolls and the history of the Anasazi, left behind in over 3500 different locations of throughout the canyon.
With a drop of 3,000 feet to the Tonto Platform, the Abyss is one of the most frequented stops on West Rim Drive. From the Abyss, you’ll be able to see the isolated sandstone columns, the largest of which , the Monument is something that should not be missed.
Bright Angel Lodge
Built of Oregon pine logs and native stone in 1935, Bright Angel Lodge is comprised of rustic cabins set off from the main building. The rocks used in the lodge’s “geologic” fireplace are arranged in the same order in which they are layered in the Grand Canyon.
Bright Angel Trailhead
Starting near Kolb Studio, this trailhead is the starting point for perhaps the best known of all the trails descending to the bottom of the canyon. Originally a bighorn sheep path that was later used by the Havasupai Indians, it was widened late in the 19th century and descends 5,510 feet to the Colorado River. If you plan to traverse the trail for very long, you should have the proper equipment and notify the park representatives at the visitor center.
Desert View and the Watchtower
From the top of the 70 feet stone-and-mortar watchtower, you can see even the distant Painted Desert to the east and the 3,000 feet high Vermilion Cliffs rising from a plateau near the Utah border. The Colorado River too is visible in this nearly 360 degree panorama.
El Tovar Hotel
Built in 1905, this log structure retains nearly all of its early days. If the weather is cool, a stone fireplace will help to warm you. The lobby, a rustic delight is a treasure chest of taxidermy. The back porch provides a beautiful vantage point for viewing the canyon.
Grand Canyon Railway
In 1989 the Grand Canyon Railway re-inaugurated service along a route established in 1901. The trip, which runs over 60 miles in restored cars from Williams Depot to the South Rim takes the train through prairie, ranch and national park land to the log-cabin train station in Grand Canyon Village.
The Grand Canyon
Grand Canyon National Park is singular in the national parks in that because of its wilderness it has grown into a small town of its own, self sustaining with hotels, gift shops, a post office and a variety of other services available to you while you are visiting the canyon.
Hiking opportunities range from a leisurely walk on well-defined very difficult trips that will take several days to arrive at the other rim. Park rangers or visitor-center personnel will happily provide you with information about routes. While there this summer, the park rangers were much in evidence and ready to answer any questions we may have had about the geology, trips or where to access certain trails. You will need to plan on spending two to three days if you want to hike the gorge from rim to rim.
There are some very good accommodations for hikers along the way that include the campgrounds at Indian Garden and Bright Angel, or Phantom Ranch. The steep nine mile Hermit Trail beginning at Hermits Rest is recommended for experienced long-distance hikers only.
For much of the year, no water is available along the way; ask a park ranger about the availability of water at Santa Maria Springs and Hermit Creek. The route leads down to the Colorado River and has inspiring views of Hermit Gorge and the Redwall and Supai formations.
Many who have made the rafting trip down the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon say it is the adventure of a lifetime.
Trips embark from Lee’s Ferry, below Glen Canyon Dam near Page, Arizona. If you haven’t had a chance to see the Grand Canyon yet, you really should make plans for your next vacation to see this wonder of the natural world. There are so many things to do and sites to see here that even those of us who have been here before find ourselves wanting to return to this scenic desert wonder.
Find out more about the Grand Canyon over at the National Park Service »
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for National Geographic News
Researchers have announced their discovery of a very distant cousin to
Triceratops, the well-known three-horned dinosaur with a massive
bony protrusion behind its skull.
The discovery is an important piece in the evolutionary puzzle of the horned dinosaurs. Although they are considered one of the most diverse groups of dinosaurs, little is known about their early evolution.
Named Liaoceratops yanzigouensis, the newest find hails from the fossil-rich Yixian Formation in northeast China. Its discoverers say the dog-size creature is the oldest, smallest, and most primitive of the neoceratopsians, one of the two main lineages of horned dinosaurs.
"Liaoceratops gives us a great window on the early evolution of the group and tells us that Triceratops and its relatives evolved from very small Asian ceratopsians," said Peter Makovicky, a dinosaur curator at the Field Museum in Chicago and the co-discoverer of Liaoceratops.
The paleontologists, who reported the Liaoceratops discovery in the March 21 issue of Nature, date the fossils to about 130 million years ago. This indicates that ceratopsians branched into the two main lineages of neoceratopsians and psittacosaurids (parrot-beaked dinosaurs) much earlier than previously believed.
Of Horns and Frills
Triceratops was the largest of the ceratopsianssome 30 feet (nine meters) long and weighing an estimated 14,000 pounds (6,350 kilograms). Three prominent horns and a large frill at the back of the skull are the distinguishing characteristics of Triceratops.
Scientists do not know why ceratopsians of the Late Cretaceous (75 to 65 million years ago) evolved large horns and frills. Various people have suggested that these prominent features were used to attract mates, much like the horns of antelope; for defense; or to support large jaw muscles.
The discovery of Liaoceratops doesn't explain the reason for these distinguishing characteristics, but does indicate that all of the various evolutionary theories could be correct.
Liaoceratops has two small hornsone below each eye that appear to be for display, said Makovicky. A small frill at the back of its skull, however, is marked by clear scars for the attachment of chewing muscles, he added.
"It appears that the expanded and ornate frills and many of the horns of large, advanced ceratopsians evolved later in the history of this group as the animals became larger, although Liaoceratops shows the beginnings of these features," he said.
The paleontologists do not believe that Liaoceratops used its horns and frill as a defense mechanism. "It was probably preyed on by theropod [meat-eating] dinosaurs and perhaps crocodiles," said Mark Norell, a paleontologist at the American Museum of Natural History in New York and co-author of the study.
SOURCES AND RELATED WEB SITES
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http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/03/0319_0320_ceratops.html
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Tuesday, July 28, 2009
13C NMR with 1H and 31P Decoupling
NMR users are very familiar with the advantages of proton decoupling when observing 13C. The 13C NMR spectra of phosphorus containing compounds can be made simpler by applying 31P decoupling either on its own or in addition to proton decoupling. The figure below shows the 13C NMR spectrum of dimethyl methylphosphonate with all possible combinations of proton and 31P decoupling. The data collection required a triple resonance probe with the appropriate band pass filters.
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http://u-of-o-nmr-facility.blogspot.com/2009/07/13-c-nmr-with-1-h-and-31-p-decoupling.html
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History of Roman Chamomile
Used in Europe for skin regeneration. For centuries, mothers have used chamomile to calm crying children, combat digestive and liver ailments, and relieve toothaches.
Listed in Dioscorides' De Materia Medica (A.D. 78), Europe's first authoritive guide to medicines that became the standard reference work for herbal treatments for over 1,700 years.
Plant Origin Utah, Idaho, Egypt, Hungary
Production Flowery tops are steam distilled
Aroma Strong, sweet, warm, herbaceous
ORAC Score 2,446 (TE/L)
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<urn:uuid:91caae7b-082b-4f77-80ef-7753f86c5b22>
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http://www.lavenora.com/chamomileeo.htm
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Under antiquity understand the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. Ancient Greek architecture had appeared on the islands of the Aegean sea was so harmonious and holistic, which subsequently was perceived by later styles (Renaissance, Classicism, Neoclassicism) as the source, as a benchmark for others to follow. Antique style we all know the magnificent monuments of ancient Greece and Rome, monuments and sculptures. Coliseum, triumphal arches, columns, cylindrical vaults, beautiful sculptures of notable people, gods, goddesses, amazing art painting attracted its harmony and for many are the standard for others to follow.
The interiors were decorated with wall paintings and lining. The floors were usually mosaic, later - covered with carpets. Painted caisson ceiling complemented relief images, large vases with drawings.
The original Greek furniture has not survived, but preserved reliefs and drawings on vases. Forms chairs are simple and served as models for subsequent stylistic forms.
Dining tables and work desks were done from materials like expensive wood and bronze. There are certain antique interior design ideas that we’ve depicted in the image below.
In every there was were also small chest. In the III century BC In Greece there was furniture made of bronze, decorated with gold, silver, with a soft upholstery. For Greek ornamentation typical of both curly and geometric and architectural elements. Characteristic ornament - spiral and wavy line. The architecture used in the columns of the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders, as well as sculptural portraits of famous people, reliefs and bas-reliefs on the stone slabs. Colors: ivory, shades of gold, clear yellow, blue and green shades of red (terracotta), black.
Layout of the apartment in antique style should look like so that main room has turned into a rectangular hall, which is located on the perimeter of the other rooms. Along the edges of the hall to put smooth columns with capitals in the form of a lotus.They abut rectangular beam shape. The ceiling is a simple shape, perimeter relief cornice with floral ornaments or complex multi-bas. In the niches on the walls are placed vases and sculptures. The walls are finished with antique interiors "wild" stone and various types of decorative plaster "antique". Also organically murals on the walls, with each room is desirable to choose an original storyline. Entrance and interior portals necessary to issue such as portal, decorated with tiles of natural stone or covered with Venetian plaster.
Interior design in antique style is though not very common but when used in the home interior, it brings a luxurious touch. This antique style interior design is supposed to be used in the spaces such as living rooms and dining rooms. Antique interior design gives a vintage look to your home hence showcasing the best of your ideas!
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http://algedra.ae/en/blog/antique-interior-design
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To save energy and money, Nebraska irrigators should check their irrigation pumps for maximum efficiency, Tom Dorn, a University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension educator, says.
Irrigation pumps that operate at the average efficiency found in university tests are using 30% more energy than necessary, says Dorn, Extension educator in Lancaster County.
"At today's energy prices, identifying a pumping plant that needs adjustment or repair could save hundreds if not thousands of dollars per year," Dorn says. "Now that irrigation season is over, look at your records and decide which of your pumping plants should be looked at by a professional. If you do it now, you have all winter and early spring to have those repairs made."
This and other cost saving tips to help deal with high input costs in crop production can be found at UNL's Surviving High Input Costs in Crop Production Web page at http://cropwatch.unl.edu/survivinghighinputcosts.htm.
Statewide UNL pumping plant efficiency studies conducted on hundreds of farmer-owned pumping plants for the last 50 years were developed into the Nebraska Pumping Plant Performance Criteria. These criteria state the amount of useful work to expect for each unit of energy consumed by an irrigation pump.
Results varied considerably – about 15% achieved good efficiency, leaving the other 85% using more energy per unit of work than expected by the criteria.
The tests revealed the overall average pumping plant in Nebraska is producing only 77% of the work that it should be for the fuel it is using, Dorn says.
If repairs are made to bring a typical diesel powered pumping plant operating at 77% of the performance criteria up to 100% of the criteria, it would result in an annual savings of nearly 800 gal. diesel/year, Dorn says.
"That's why it's important for farmers to know how much work is being done to pump the water versus the energy consumed," he says.
When a pumping plant is not as efficient as it should be, the problem is either in the power unit or in the pump, or both, Dorn says.
"Internal combustion power units on irrigation pumps can have the same problems as those in cars and trucks," Dorn says. Poor electric motor efficiency is caused by bad bearings or a far larger motor than needed for the job.
Poor pump performance can be caused by pump designs poorly matched to the job, such as when an operator switches from gated pipe to a center pivot sprinkler. It also can be caused by converting from a high-pressure sprinkler package to a lower-pressure package without changing the pump. Pumps with worn impeller vanes and/or internal seals as a result of pumping sand and impellers that were not properly adjusted within the pump bowls also can cause poor pump performance.
If making impeller adjustments, be sure they are performed by a qualified professional who knows how to calculate the lineshaft elongation that occurs when the pump is operating under load, he says.
"Great harm can be done to the pump if impellers are improperly adjusted," Dorn says. "Don't attempt to adjust the impellers yourself unless you know how to account for lineshaft elongation based on your particular impeller model, lineshaft diameter and length and the total head the pump is producing."
In a study involving 130 farmer-owned pumping plants in Nebraska, test data revealed 58% benefited from adjustments, Dorn says. Field adjustments made with a wrench either to the engine or pump or both resulted in 14% average savings in energy costs compared to the initial test results.
In addition, inefficient pumping plants were identified and the feasibility of making repairs beyond the field adjustments were calculated.
An analysis, based on the average field pumping plant efficiency found in studies, is presented in the paper, Repair or Replace Inefficient Irrigation Pumping Plants. This paper is posted on UNL's Surviving High Input Costs Web site at http://cropwatch.unl.edu/survivinghighinputcosts.htm.
After spending up to $17,000 for repairs, the annual extra profit averaged over a 20-year life was $16.51/acre/year after the cost of repairs were paid out of anticipated energy savings. Total added profit over 20 years was $41,288, assuming the average price of farm-delivered diesel fuel is $4/gal. over the 20-year period.
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FilmQ03_Ch10: The Muslim World- Islamic Civilization Expands
How to Use Video as a Source
Step #1: Familiarize yourself with film questions prior to viewing the film. By reading the questions and understanding the vocabulary contained within, you allow yourself the luxury of viewing the film without having to look at the questions continuously.
Step #2: View and Listen Attentively. Unlike a book, a video provides information via visual images and audio. Both forms of data are ‘more valuable together’ than separately. For example, turn the volume off on your TV during your favorite program. Then, raise the volume while ‘blacking out’ the image. Under which conditions was the data most richly delivered? Always make sure that you have unobstructed viewing of a film and that the sound is audible.
As you view the video, pay attention to visual and/ or audio cues that reflect the issues raised by the questions below. Your responses should refer to video content as well as your current knowledge and understanding of history.
Step #3: Organize Your Thoughts. Unlike a book, the data from a video is often delivered at a constant rate. With a book, you can slow your reading speed when you encounter a particular segment that is complicated. You can also turn back to a previous page to review information. A film is a bit different in that you may not always have the option to use ‘slow motion’ or ‘rewind’. Therefore, maintaining focus on the imagery and sound is important. Targeted Notes will reduce the amount of time you’re looking away from the screen. By writing quick and simple phrases of a few words each, you maintain greater attention to film events.
Targeted notes use key words/ phrases that will ignite a thought or idea when you read them later. There is no concern for grammar or spelling while doing this. After the film has ended, you look at your targeted notes and manipulate the data to compile responses in complete sentences.
Organizational Tip: Vertically divide the sheet of paper where your responses will go. On the ‘left’ half, take targeted notes for each question given. After viewing the video, use the targeted notes to compose complete responses to each question (on the ‘right’ half of the sheet).
When made available, contribute your response, comments, criticism, and questions (in complete sentences) to the class via the Verso application (rather than on paper). The goal is to have everyone contribute at least once in preparing a review sheet of this video. The content you share now will be required on future quizzes and exams.
SOURCE: Millennium Video Series, The 11th Century: Century of the Sword, CNN Productions, Inc. 1999. [~9 Min. total]
Your responses to these film questions will form the foundation of, or supplement, your notes for this lesson. While the focus of the film is the spread of Islamic civilization, don’t ignore the role of commerce/ trade in diffusing cultures and spreading ideas.
Context: Arabian Peninsula, Europe, Africa, & Asia, c. 7th – 11th C.
1. Where did the Islamic faith originate?
2. How would you describe the lifestyle of the peoples that were rapid adopters of Islam?
3. What is a possible explanation for the wide acceptance of commercial activity by Muslims?
4. Why might it be said that Islam was a major catalyst for change in non-Islamic societies?
5. Which city was the ‘jewel’ of 11th Century Islamic civilization?
6. Why are the scholars of the Islamic Iberian peninsula (Fatimid Emirate) a bridge to the classical period of Europe?
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A Good Reputation Endures Forever: The Chinese Labour Corps on the Western Front
An exhibition exploring the role of the thousands of Chinese who risked their lives alongside the British armed forces during the First World War. This exhibition examines the vital role of the Chinese Labour Corps using historic photographs and objects created by the men at the front.
96,000 Chinese men volunteered to work for Britain in the First World War as part of the Chinese Labour Corps. They undertook essential and often dangerous work behind the lines on the western front and thousands lost their lives. Yet their contribution was barely acknowledged at the end of the war and in the years that have followed they have been largely written out of histories of the war. They have been described as the 'forgotten of the forgotten'.
Image: WJ Hawkings Collection, courtesy of John de Lucy
Contact firstname.lastname@example.org for more information about this event.
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If you need bat help, click on my Nationwide List of Bat Removal Experts for a pro near you.
How to Catch a Bat - Bats are incredibly complex and interesting creatures. They thrive in the outdoors and live for the dark. This is why, if you find a bat in your house, chances are the bat is sick (with rabies or other harmful diseases) or unsuspectingly flew into your house to chase bugs. It might be afraid because it doesn’t know where it is and can be a danger to itself and humans. Catching a bat humanely is not difficult—it only takes a little bit of strategy and patience.
Before you try to catch a bat directly it is worth seeing if the
bat will leave on its own
. Open the door to the room and keep the lights off. Go to the end of the room with a container that you can scratch, such as a yogurt container or milk jug. By scratching the container you are creating sound waves which will help the bat detect the outline of the door. When it realizes it has an exit, the bat will fly off on its own.
If this strategy doesn’t work—because the bat just doesn’t leave or it is in a room in the middle of the house—you can remove the bat yourself. Make sure to take necessary precautions to protect yourself before you try to catch and touch the bat. Wearing oven mitts or rubber or leather gloves will be sure to keep you from begin bitten and infected with rabies.
Using a fishing or butterfly net
is one option—just make sure the holes in the net aren’t too big so the bat cannot squeeze out through a hole. This doesn’t always work well because of bats’ ability to detect small objects through sonar. The best net to use is a special bat net called a mist net which is made of really fine fibers and harder to detect. If the bat detects the swinging net, it will fly away and sit in a hard to reach place. If you manage to catch the bat, close the top of the net and bring it outside.
Other option is to wait for the bat to land on a sturdy surface and within reach. Snatching a bat out of mid air is tricky and will frighten the bat—making it defensive and aggressive. If the bat lands on a horizontal surface, such as the floor or a table,
throw a small towel
, t-shirt or piece of fabric over the bat. This should keep the bat from flying and hiding again. Using a light piece of fabric will inhibit the bat from moving but will not harm the bat either. Scoop the bat up in the towel and keep the bat inside.
The bat will be frightened at this point and making clicking noises, but do not release it. Be sure to leave your gloves on as the bat will most likely try to bite through the towel or t-shirt. If you release it once it is afraid, it will be more difficult to capture it again because it will either be aggressive or hide in a hard-to-reach place.
If the bat lands on a banister or side wall and you cannot throw a towel over it, try to place a
coffee can or other container
carefully over the bat. With gloves still on, slide the lid to the container between the bat and the wall—do not pinch any part of the bat.
Take the towel or the container outside a good distance from your house or apartment. Make sure you close your door behind you so the bat cannot fly back inside. Release the bat and back away slowly. Watch the bat’s behavior before going back inside. It will probably hop a few times and gather its bearing and then fly away.
If the bat is too tired from struggling in the towel or in the container or still too frightened to move, you may want to scoop it back up again with your gloved hands and place it on the bark of the tree. When handling the bat, be as gentle as possible and do not squeeze the bat. The bat will attach itself to the trunk and when it is ready the bat may climb back up into the tree and rest and take flight from there.
There is no reason to ever hurt or kill a bat to get it to exit your house. If you take a little time and a little planning, you can easily capture the bat and release it back into the wild.
More in-detail how-to bat removal articles:
Information about bat trapping
- analysis and methods for how to trap.
Information about how to kill a bat
- with fumigants or poison.
Information about how to keep bats away
- prevention techniques.
Information about bat repellent
- analysis of types and effectiveness.
You came here to learn how to catch a bat in your house. This site is intended to provide bat education and information, so that you can make an informed decision
if you need to deal with a bat problem in your attic or house. This site provides many bat control articles and strategies, if
you wish to attempt to solve the problem yourself. If you are unable to do so, which is likely with many
cases of bat removal, please go to the home page and click the USA map, where I have wildlife removal experts
listed in over 500 cites and towns, who can properly help you with your nuisance bat. For more information,
go back to my main how to get rid of bats
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Lesson 1 (from Chapters 1-2)
In this lesson, students will learn about the literary technique of foreshadowing.
1) Lecture - Teacher should prepare a lecture about foreshadowing. What is the purpose of foreshadowing? How does King use this technique to build his story?
2) Identification - In this section, students should be given about 15 minutes to study Chapters 1 and 2 to find some examples of foreshadowing.
3) Class Discussion - Teacher should lead a discussion in which students discuss the examples of foreshadowing they have identified from the novel. How does this foreshadowing help develop the novel? What feeling does the reader begin to get from the novel as a result of the foreshadowing?
4) Homework - Students should write a short story in which they use the literary technique of foreshadowing.
Lesson 2 (from Chapters 1-2)
In Chapter 2, Steve comments that he sometimes has cognitive flashes. In this lesson, students should learn about what these flashes are...
This section contains 5,231 words
(approx. 18 pages at 300 words per page)
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|Bible Research > Interpretation > Cross-References|
One of the fundamental principles of Protestant biblical interpretation is that "Scripture is its own best interpreter." Luther expressed this principle with the words, Scriptura sui ipsius interpres ("Scripture is its own expositor"), and it was summed up by the authors of the Westminster Confession thus: "The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself: and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of any Scripture ... it must be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly." For this reason the most important feature of any edition of the Bible (aside from the quality of the translation itself) is the system of cross-references provided in the margin, which helps the reader to find out the meaning of any hard place by "comparing spiritual things with spiritual" (1 Cor 2:13). A good set of cross-references, when used diligently and with intelligence, will make much commentary unnecessary.
One of the most useful study editions of the English Bible ever published, the Thompson Chain-Reference Bible, has nothing but subject headings and cross-references in the margin, with index numbers pointing to a topical concordance in the back of the volume. Many a student has found that with the patient use of this convenient system, the Bible is virtually self-interpreting. Other less elaborate "Reference" editions will serve the same purpose for students of the English Bible. The cross-references ordinarily published in editions of the New American Standard Bible are especially full and helpful, and another very good set of references is to be found in the "Classic Reference Bible" edition of the English Standard Version. But the best resource by far in this department is the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, first published in the 1800's and available in many reprints. This volume provides over a half million cross-references, with most verses of the Bible having more than a dozen references each.
Students who are able to use a Greek New Testament will find invaluable help in the cross-references given in the side margins of the Nestle-Aland editions (though not in the UBS editions which use the same text). Frederick Danker in the third edition of his book Multipurpose Tools for Bible Study (1970) gives ten pages (27-36) to showing how helpful these margins can be, and says, "These are virtually inexhaustible mines of information. The average student is unaware of their potentialities, and many a preacher has wearied himself in vain while the answer to the problems in his text lay a few centimeters to the right." Likewise, the lateral margins of the Expositor's Greek Testament give much help in the form of cross-references, quite aside from the exegetical commentary at the bottom of the page. Indeed we might say that the cross-references nearly always suffice to explain the text, without the commentary, because it really is true that "Scripture is its own expositor."
Such cross-references will go far to explain nearly everything in the Bible chiefly because, as Ray Van Leeuwen puts it, "The language, imagery, narratives and poetry of Scripture are pervasively cross-referential." The verbal "cross-references" are there in the very language of Scripture, and these were apparent to diligent students long before anyone had the idea of dividing the text into numbered verses and filling the margins with references. Many times students have grasped the correct interpretation of a difficult expression by remembering a parallel usage somewhere else in Scripture, or have hit upon the right interpretation of a passage by comparing it with another passage. What we have now in the margins of our reference Bibles is the scholarly deposit of generations of such insights, laid out for our inspection -- if we will only take the time to look them up.
The cross-referential nature of the Bible is most plainly seen by English readers who have become familiar with the words of an essentially literal translation, because the original "cross-references" are the verbal details which are reproduced in a literal translation. For this reason, the habitual use of a literal translation gives students the same "referential" capability which is given by cross-references.
Below is an excerpt from Leland Ryken's book, The Word of God in English: Criteria for Excellence in Bible Translation (Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway, 2002), pp. 149-151, in which the cross-referential advantages of an essentially literal translation are explained more fully.
Some principles of biblical interpretation belong to the realm of general hermeneutics -- principles that apply to the interpretation of any text, whether in the Bible or the Harvard Classics. Other principles apply specifically to the Bible and are known as special or particular hermeneutics. The subject of the unified network of cross-references and foreshadowings and echoes that we find in the Bible is perhaps the preeminent example of special hermeneutics.
As an entry into this complex subject, I would ask you to picture the pages of a Bible with cross-references listed in the margin. I would note first that the Bible is the only book I know where this format regularly appears. Even after we have eliminated the somewhat arbitrary listing of passages that express similar ideas or simply use identical words, we are left with an anthology of diverse writings that are unified by an interlocking and unified system of theological ideas, images, and motifs. Together the diverse elements make up a single composite story and worldview known as salvation history.
Biblical interpretation has legitimately been preoccupied with tracing the intricacies of this system of references. Of particular importance has been the use that New Testament writers make of the Old Testament. Often a New Testament writer will evoke an Old Testament passage in such a way as to show its fulfillment in the New Testament, though many different scenarios also exist. To cite a random example, the poet in Psalm 16 at one point expresses his trust in God's providence and goodness with the claim that 'you will not abandon my soul to Sheol, or let your holy one see corruption' (verse 10, ESV). In the book of Acts we find a sermon of Paul in which he quotes this verse and applies it to Christ (Acts 13:35-39).
The relevence of this to Bible translation is that although biblical interpretation insists on the importance of the network of cross-references, some Bible translations and translation theories do a much better job of retaining the system of cross-references than other translations do. It is easy to see why dynamic equivalent translations have been nervous about the New Testament metaphors and technical theological vocabulary that are rooted in Old Testament religious rituals. The New Testament references are frequently odd and difficult. That modern readers will find such references easy to understand is out of the question. But to remove them from sight violates a leading tenet of biblical hermeneutics.
Many of the New Testament references of which I speak pick up something from the Old Testament system of sacrifices and offerings and turn it to metaphoric use in discussing some aspect of the Christian faith. James 1:18 provides a typical example: 'Of his own will he brought us forth by the word of truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creation' (ESV). The mention of firstfruits is an evocative allusion to one of the three most important annual festivals in Old Testament religion. The firstfruits were the first portions of a crop. It is impossible to overemphasize how evocative the first portion of a crop is in an agrarian society. (From my childhood on a farm I can remember the thrill of seeing the radishes that appeared on the supper table every spring as the first produce of our garden.) In the Old Testament religious rituals, firstfruits were presented to God as part of the annual harvest festival known as the Feast of Weeks (also called Pentecost).
When New Testament writers refer to believers as God's firstfruits, they are tying into a multilayered set of associations between believers and the firstfruits of Old Testament offerings to God. The first wave of believers were literally first -- the first of a long line of subsequent believers. In addition to these metaphoric meanings, by using the Old Testament frame of reference the New Testament writers were participating in the grand drama of unifying images and motifs that thread their way through the Bible. All of this gets lost in the following renditions of James's statement that believers are 'a kind of firstfruits of his creation':
By excising the reference to firstfruits, these translations eliminate the way in which James's statement positions itself in the unifying story of the Bible as a whole. The scholar who has written on this most incisively is Ray Van Leeuwen, who provides further examples and concludes this about a good translation: 'By consistency in rendering biblical expressions and metaphors, it helps readers see the unity and coherence of Scripture, how one part echoes or enriches another.' (1) And again,
The language, imagery, narratives and poetry of Scripture are pervasively cross-referential. Much of the New Testament material consists of quotations, paraphrases, or allusions to Old Testament texts ... My argument is thus that the massive text we call the Bible is itself the primary context of meaning within which we must find the meaning of each smaller unit of text. (2)
Special hermeneutics tells us to respect the interrelatedness of Old Testament and New Testament references. Some dynamic equivalent translations fail to show that respect. Contrariwise, essentially literal translations and some dynamic equivalent translations preserve the network of cross-references. These translations assume that Bible readers will find the inner and outer resources to ascertain the meaning of a reference to firstfruits. Translations that are unwilling to make that assumption and that aim for immediate comprehension by an uninitiated reader are compelled by their very theory to abandon a hermeneutical principle that is a central tenet of evangelical hermeneutics, thereby obscuring the meaning of the original.
1. Raymond C. Van Leeuwen, 'We Really Do Need Another Bible Translation,' Christianity Today, October 22, 2001, p. 34.
2. Raymond C. Van Leeuwen, 'On Bible Translation and Hermeneutics,' in After Pentecost: Language and Biblical Interpretation, ed. Craig Bartholomew et al (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001), pp. 306-307.
|Bible Research > Interpretation > Cross-References|
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Fashion Designers use math 90% of the time they design. They use geometry, counting for inventory, pricing, costs, value, and proportions. Calculations and measurements are used daily by designers.
They use many of the concepts we have learned this year. They have to find angles to sew at, percents when discounting, amount to spend and charge for a profit, set up proportions to know what to re-order when doing inventory, and they use tessellations when designing patterns.
This is enough to provide for a future family. The family would have to be small, but the more experience you get as a fashion designer the higher your salary is.
Technology impacts this career in many ways. The designers can make 3D images online to see what the designs look like on models. They can sell their designs to customers on the internet to make money twice as fast. The most important thing designers use technology for is manufacturing.
Future technology will help this career majorly. Technology is only improving and it will help sell products more efficiently. Someday it will allow the buyer to try on the item digitally so they can see what it looks like on them before they buy it.
Other occupations that are related to this career are interior design and jewelry designing.
What we found most interesting about this job is how much variety they get to work with. There are endless amounts of fabrics, thread colors, and textures. They also have a lot of freedom with what they make. There is no exact instruction to make a shirt. They make it a little different every time and add their own personal style.
We only knew a few things about how this job is related to math. We had never thought about different angles to sew at or cutting out different shapes.
We would like all the freedom from this job and being able to put our own fashion style on the products. We would dislike the fear that our products wouldn't sell and getting fired at a moments notice. Since you put your own style sense into the product, not everybody would like it.
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The diamond's long journey as a commodity to be enjoyed and possessed by the average consumer begins many centuries ago in places like India, Venice and Antwerp. Its esteemed value has been protected and nurtured by families in Europe, Africa and India for hundreds of years - long before North America came into the diamond scene. Still, in modern history the U.S. has played an important role in elevating the diamond to new heights; making it more accessible and beloved for generations to come.
King of Diamonds
Charles Lewis Tiffany, known as the "King of Diamonds," co-founded Tiffany and Co. in 1837. Originally, the store was advertised as a "fancy goods emporium, specializing in one-of-a-kind baubles for New York's newly-minted industrialists and robber-barons." Considered a jewelry expert, Tiffany acquired gems and jewelry from European aristocracy to be resold to America's elite. The political undermining of Europe's nobility and France's economic collapse in 1847 significantly lowered the values of ostentatious jewelry and gems, and Tiffany was quick to seize on the opportunity. He made substantial purchases from European nobility, including the Spanish Crown Jewels. Tiffany's acquisition and sale of a portion of the French Crown Jewels in 1887 firmly established the company's reputation.
Perhaps one of his most notable achievements was the purchase of a 287.42-carat rough flawless-yellow diamond in 1877. From this was cut the 128.54 carat "Tiffany Diamond." Beneath his leadership at Tiffany & Co. was the introduction of the six-prong Tiffany Setting engagement ring.
Tiffany & Co. became a part of the American popular mindset with the 1961 movie, "Breakfast at Tiffany's" starring Audrey Hepburn. A famous scene in the movie features Hepburn as the movie's heroine, gazing longingly into the Tiffany's window display. Today, a piece of jewelry, and in particular a diamond, wrapped in Tiffany's trademarked "blue box" is a gift any woman would long to receive from a significant other.
"A Diamond is Forever"
In the 1930s, the economy was facing unprecedented fallout. The Great Depression took its toll on everyone and everything, and particularly on luxury goods. The diamond industry, especially hard hit, sought to reverse the downward tide. America's first advertising agency, owned by N.W. Ayer, joined forces with De Beers president Harry Oppenheimer to launch a well-funded advertising campaign.
Impending war in Europe forced Oppenheimer to expand his market into the U.S. To channel America's spending toward more expensive diamonds, Ayer developed a series of diamond-related slogans meant to associate a diamond with love and romance. In 1948, the famous "A diamond is forever" was introduced and became the official slogan of De Beers. The slogan became the most resilient in advertising history and was voted in 1999 by the prestigious "Advertising Age" magazine as the most recognized and effective slogan of the 20th century.
Ayers was also successful in influencing Hollywood to modify film scripts to depict diamonds more prominently. The marketing agency arranged for movie stars to appear in public adorned with diamonds. The marketing company's nearly 30-year marketing campaign for De Beers successfully influenced American consumers to regard the diamond engagement ring as a necessity to the marriage ritual.
Following closely on Ayers' hugely successful advertising campaign, Hollywood introduced its new production, "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes," providing yet another shot in the arm for the diamond industry. Playwright Jule Styne collaborated with lyricist Sammy Cahn to produce the score for the Broadway musical, which was adapted to film by Hollywood in 1953. The box office blockbuster featured Marilyn Monroe singing "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" after receiving a diamond tiara from her suitor. Monroe's sultry and sensuous performance secured the appeal of diamonds for women.
The 20th century brought about many changes for the diamond. For most U.S. consumers, the glittering gem represented a luxury commodity that was out of reach to the common household. But by the end of the century, successful advertising campaigns, education, and pop culture created a new allure and elevated diamonds to new heights.
Lewis Jewelers is proud to carry the full line of Pandora Jewelry. Pandora charms, Pandora bracelets and Pandora beads are only a part of the collection. For more information, Lewis Jewelers, 2000 West Stadium Blvd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48103, 877-88-LEWIS or visit the website.
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What does "Transient" mean?
(a.) Hasty; momentary; imperfect; brief; as, a transient view of a landscape (a.) Passing before the sight or perception, or, as it were, moving over or across a space or scene viewed, and then disappearing; hence, of short duration; not permanent; not lasting or durable; not stationary; passing; fleeting; brief; transitory; as, transient pleasure (a.) Staying for a short time; not regular or permanent; as, a transient guest; transient boarders (n.) That which remains but for a brief time
Word Family intransience, transience, transiently, transients
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What does Z mean in German?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand Z in the International field in general and in the German terminology in particular.
Find a translation for Z in other languages:
Select another language:
What does Z mean?
- omega, Z(noun)
- the ending of a series or sequence
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Acts 15gives an account of an important Church council held in Jerusalem about A.D. 50, just before Paul’s second missionary journey. Church leaders attending the conference included Peter, James, Paul, Barnabas, and Titus. Many Gentiles had been baptized after hearing Paul and Barnabas preach. Some Jewish members of the Church in Jerusalem became concerned because the new male converts had not been circumcised. Church leaders convened the council at Jerusalem to consider whether or not gentile converts to the Church should be required to obey the law of Moses. As you study Acts, notice how cultural and emotional factors often influence the behavior of people, sometimes running contrary to the teachings of Church leaders.
Prayerfully study Acts 15and consider the following principle before preparing your lessons.
Some Important Gospel Principles to Look For
The Life and Teachings of Jesus and His Apostles, 264–65.
Suggestions for Teaching
Choose from the following ideas, or use some of your own, as you prepare lessons for Acts 15.
Acts 15. The Lord guides His Church by revealing His will to His prophets.
Ask a student to read or recite the ninth article of faith. Explain that when Heavenly Father reveals something for the entire Church, He reveals it through the prophet. Ask: Can you think of any recent revelations the Lord has given to the Church through the prophet? (Answers might include Official Declaration 2 , “The Family: A Proclamation to the World” , and the decision to build small temples .)
Have students turn to Acts 15. Explain that this chapter illustrates how in the ancient Church, just as in the modern Church, the Lord revealed His will to Church leaders. These leaders in turn taught the people and helped them understand and obey.
Read Acts 15:1–6with your class and ask:
What issue did this Church council deal with? (Whether circumcision was necessary for salvation. If desired, refer to the commentary for Acts 15:1 in The Life and Teachings of Jesus and His Apostles, p. 264.)
Why was it difficult for Jewish Christians to give up certain requirements of the law of Moses?
What difficulties might old traditions present to members of the Church today?
Have students read Acts 15:7–21looking for the roles played in the council by Peter, Barnabas, Paul, and James. Ask:
What is significant about Peter’s testimony in the council?
Whose will was it that the gospel be preached to the Gentiles?
What evidence did Peter give that the Gentiles were accepted by God through faith without circumcision?
Read Acts 15:22–35with the class and consider asking questions like the following:
Why was circumcision such a critical issue in the Church at this time?
How did the leaders tell the members that circumcision was no longer required?
How do modern Church leaders communicate decisions and counsel to members of the Church?
What is our obligation regarding the counsel and direction of Church leaders?
What can we do if we don’t understand something our leaders ask us to do?
What should we do if we don’t agree with something our Church leaders ask us to do? (For additional help with this answer, see The Teachings of the Living Prophets [religion 333 student manual, 1982], chapters 8–11; and Dallin H. Oaks,
“Criticism,” Ensign, Feb. 1987, pp. 68–73.)
Conclude by assuring students that the Lord’s prophet will never lead us astray (see “Excerpts from Three Addresses by President Wilford Woodruff Regarding the Manifesto,” following Official Declaration 1 in the Doctrine and Covenants). Tell students that we should always prayerfully follow the counsel of the living prophet and sustain him in every way.
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|Why Dog Chases Animals|
1995 – 1997
Have you ever seen a dog give chase? Well, let me tell you how it began!
A monkey finds Dog, not knowing what he is. The monkey asks a gazelle, then an elephant, then a snake, then a wild boar, and lastly, a rhino. None of the animals know what the dog is, but a tortoise soon appears and tells the gathered creatures that it is a dog. He then yells in the dog's ears, and the dog, angered, instigates a chase. The tortoise then says that that's what a dog does: it chases animals.
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Picture Communication Symbols (PCS) are black and white line drawings used in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. These AAC systems may be high-tech (Dynamyte) or low-tech such as a communication board.
Several studies have found PCS to be more transparent than other graphic symbols such as Blissymbols (Mizuko, 1987). A graphic symbol is transparent if “the shape, motion, or function of the referent is depicted to such an extent that meaning of the symbol can be readily guessed in the absence of the referent” (Fuller & Lloyd, 1991, p.217). Because of high transparency, PCS symbols are easy to learn by children with little or no speech. Several studies have reported that children with cognitive disabilities learn PCS easily. The communication interventions for individuals who have little or no speech have used PCS successfully for individuals.
Fuller, D., & Lloyd, L. (1991). Toward a common usage of iconicity terminology. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 7, 215-220.
Mizuko, M. (1987). Transparency and ease of learning of symbols represented by Blissymbols, PCS, and Picsyms. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 3, 129-136.
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The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 43, July 1939 - April, 1940 Page: 42
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
Southwestern Historical Quarterly
LIOTOT AND JALOT, TWO FRENCH SURGEONS OF
Diu. PAT IRELAND NIXON
Disaster and disease, so often the twin spectres of destiny in
the explorer's life, were directly accountable for the failure of
La Salle in his third attempt to explore the mouth of the Mississippi
River and for the ultimate extinction of his colony on the coast
of Texas. Chevalier Robert de La Salle--a man of iron if there ever
was one-set sail from France in July, 1684, in four ships with 300
persons on board. Two months later they touched at Santo Domingo
and this stop is possibly significant in their later medical story.
Father Le Clercq records that "the soldiers and most of the
crew, having plunged into every kind of debauchery and intem-
perance, so common in those parts, were so ruined and contracted
such dangerous disorders that some died in the island, and others
On February 20, 1685, they entered Matagorda Bay, far from
their desired destination. Dissension and disease and death were
with them on shipboard and were with them as they landed. "On
shore," says the engineer Minet, "they were all sick with nausea
and dysentery. Five or six died every day, in consequence of
brackish water and bad food."2 The withering havoc of starvation
and disease followed this ill-fated colony. Parkman relates that
"under the sheds and hovels that shielded them from the sun lay
a score of wretches slowly wasting away with the diseases con-
tracted at St. Domingo."3 Marquis de la Sablonniere seemed to
have paid an excessively severe price for his debauchery at Santo
Domingo, because it is recorded that "he had squandered the little
that belonged to him at St. Domingo, in amusements indignes de
sa Naissance, and in consequence was suffering from diseases which
disabled him from walking."4 Le Clercq states that, about one
1Le Clercq, Father Christian. Account of La Salle's Attempt to Reach
the Mississippi by Sea and of the Establishment of a French Colony in
St. Louis Bay, Paris, 1691. In French's Historical Collections of Louisi-
ana, New York, 1852, Part IV, p. 189.
2Parkman, Francis. La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West,
Boston, 1879, p. 383.
sIbid. p. 393.
4lbid. p. 418.
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This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Periodical.
Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 43, July 1939 - April, 1940, periodical, 1940; Austin, Texas. (texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101111/m1/50/?rotate=90: accessed June 28, 2017), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Texas State Historical Association.
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September 22, 2008
Substantial increases in household food prices could result if the European Parliament succeeds in pushing through its version of proposals to cut the availability of pesticides for use in agriculture. This is the key finding of a new report on the impact of the EU’s proposed pesticides legislation carried out by economist Sean Rickard of the Cranfield School of Management.
Under the European Parliament’s most restrictive scenario, which would remove 85 per cent of current pestcides from the market, EU cereals output could drop by about 100m tonnes, leading to an effective doubling in grain prices. A £100/t increase in wheat prices, according to Mr Rickard’s calculations, would translate into an extra 9p on a loaf of bread, 3p on a litre of milk and a 40p increase in the price of pork. Potato prices would also double. Mr Rickard suggested that it could easily put another 10 per cent on the rate of food inflation.
The report notes that for arable farmers these price rises would not be enough to make good the drop in yields. For livestock farmers, the rise in feed prices would cut incomes, forcing many out of business. The UK would also face a deterioration in the food trade deficit of £14bn, as more imports are drawn in and self suffiency falls.
In many instances the proposals would force farmers to replace crop protection products with increased cultivations. The farming industry would become more dependent on fuel and, with it, ots carbon footprint.Author : Wyn Grant
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EASTER CRYPTOGRAM Saved paper: 13 sheets Average marks: 8/10 Best marks: 10/10.
A FUN EASTER WORKSHEET / WRITE THE CORRECT LETTERS BELOW THE PICTURES. THEN MATCH THE WORDS AND THE PICTURES ON THE RIGHT.
Language: English Grade/level: Grade 3 School subject: English as a Second Language (ESL) Age: 7-10
Main content: Easter Other contents:
Copyright © 17/10/2016 jecika. Publication or redistribution of any part of this document is forbidden without authorization of the copyright owner.
Text box style:
Font: Size: px
Link to this worksheet from your website or blog:
What do you want to do?
Check my answers
Email my answers to my teacher
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They don't have towels. So when they get wet, what do they do? They shake themselves into a frenzy and the water flies off like this:
I've seen dogs do this countless times, cats too, but Carli Davidson's photos make you appreciate how intense the shake must be to literally toss the water droplets outward. The animal will typically start by shaking its head side to side, twisting its neck, then the shaking motion moves through the rest of the body, ending with the tail. Does this hurt? (I imagine not. Think about being a woodpecker.) Still, there are times when rainy days must be a real headache. Imagine having to shake with an extra-heavy load of bone, like this guy.
But here's the news: This month, Victor Manuel Ortega-Jimenez and Robert Dudley at the University of California, Berkeley, published a paper describing how an animal weighing about an eighth of an ounce does the same thing. The Anna's hummingbird whips its head back and forth 202 degrees — which is more than half way around — at the amazing rate of 132 times every second, and not while standing in place, legs on the ground like a dog or a deer. No, it does this while flying through the air! So it's shaking, navigating AND flapping at the same time. Take a look.
The third bird in this sequence looks like its head might break off.
But Why Do They Do It?
Here's why they do it. A little drop of rainwater is a heavy burden when you only weigh an eighth of an ounce. If you can't flick it off, you'll either need a lot of extra calories or you'd better hide on rainy days (and starve, because Anna hummingbirds live in cloud forests.)
The surprise is that these hummingbirds can do this AND keep their sense of direction. As Robert Dudley told the BBC, swinging one's head wildly left to right every tenth of a second can't be good when you are trying to get someplace.
"We know visual information is the key to flight control, and, obviously, when you are shaking your head, you don't have that input of flight acceleration, and yet they remain basically stable — they are not falling out of the air."
Plus, they're keeping dry and getting where they need to go.
Not that I'd trade my towel or my umbrella for their shake-it system, but still ... Wow!
Victor Manuel Ortega-Jimenez and Robert Dudley's paper is called "Aerial shaking performance of wet Anna's hummingbirds," Journal of the Royal Society Interface, Nov. 9, 2011. Carli Davidson's photo essays on animals can be found on her site, http://carlidavidson.photoshelter.com. And thanks to photographer A.M. Ruttle for her shot of the rain-shaking deer.
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Days of Heaven Upon Earth
"Charity doth not behave itself unseemly" (I. Cor. xiii. 5).
In the dress of a Hindu woman, her graceful robe is fastened upon her person entirely by means of a single knot. The long strip of cloth is wound around her person so as to fall in graceful folds like a made garment, and the end is fastened by a little knot, and the whole thing hangs by that single fastening. If that were loosed the robe would fall. And so in the spiritual life, our habits of grace are likened unto garments; and it is also true that the garment of love, which is the beautiful adorning of the child of God, is entirely fastened by little nots.
If you will read with care the thirteenth chapter of I. Corinthians, you will find that most of the qualities of love are purely negative. "Love envieth not, love vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, doth not behave herself rudely, seeketh not her own, is not provoked, thinketh no evil." Here are "nots" enough to hold on our spiritual wardrobe. Here are reasons enough to explain the failure of so many, and the reason why they walk naked, or with rent garments, and others see their shame. Let us look after the nots.
Previous Day | Today's Devotional | Next Day
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March surge boosts extent late in the season
FRISCO — Arctic sea ice grew to its maximum extent for the year on March 21, reaching 5.70 million square miles. According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, it was the fifth-lowest maximum extent in the satellite monitoring era, starting in 1978. The lowest maximum extent occurred in 2011, at 5.65 million square miles.
The average date for maximum sea ice extent is March 9, just a couple of weeks after the spring equinox, but the date varies from year to year. The latest maximum on record was in 2011, when sea ice extent expanded through March 31. Through 2014, the linear rate of decline for March ice extent is 2.6 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average.
This year, Arctic sea ice expanded late in the season with a shift in the Arctic Oscillation during the second week of March. Unusually low sea level pressure in the eastern Arctic and the northern North Atlantic set up a pattern of surface winds that spread out ice in the Barents Sea and in the Bering Sea, where ice extent was low all winter.
But air temperatures remained unusually high throughout the Arctic during the second half of March, at 4 to 11 degrees Fahrenheit above the 1981 to 2010 average.
NSIDC scientists also noted an increase in the extent of thicker, multi-year ice in the Arctic. During the summer of 2013, a larger fraction of first-year ice survived compared to recent years. This ice has now become second-year ice. Additionally, the predominant recirculation of the multiyear ice pack within the Beaufort Gyre this winter and a reduced transport of multiyear ice through Fram Strait maintained the multiyear ice extent throughout the winter.
Overall, multi-year ice increased from 869,000 to 1,22 million square miles between the end of February in 2013 and 2014. This winter the multiyear ice makes up 43 percent of the icepack compared to only 30 percent in 2013. The percentage of the Arctic Ocean consisting of ice at least five years or older remains at only 7 percent, half of what it was in February 2007. Moreover, a large area of the multiyear ice has drifted to the southern Beaufort Sea and East Siberian Sea (north of Alaska and the Lena River delta), where warm conditions are likely to exist later in the year.
NSIDC now offers a new Web site, Satellite Observations of Arctic Change (SOAC) with interactive maps of the Arctic based on NASA satellite and related data. The site allows visitors to explore how conditions in the Arctic have changed over time. Data sets include air temperature, water vapor, sea ice, snow cover, NDVI, soil freezing, and exposed snow and ice.
Time periods vary by data set, but range from 1979 to 2013. You can animate a time series, zoom in or out, and view a bar graph of anomalies over time. Links to the source data and documentation are also included. Additional pages provide brief scientific discussion, and overviews of the scientific importance of these data. SOAC was developed with support from NASA Earth Sciences.
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Go for the Exitement: New ways of language learning
What can you expect? You will learn a second language in exciting new ways, using technology and focusing on communication. Learning a language is not just learning grammar and vocabulary; it is learning new sounds, expressions, and ways of seeing things; it is learning how to act in another culture, how to know a new community from the inside.
When should you start and how much can you learn? You are never too young and it is never too late to begin. Depending on how long you study, you can gain different levels of fluency. You will probably not sound like a native speaker who has spoken the language at home as a child. Don't worry; you're not expected to. To a greater or lesser degree you will, however, make yourself understood, read
magazines or books for pleasure or information, and meet and talk with new groups of people. Of course, it doesn't happen overnight. Like learning math, history, or playing the piano, language learning takes time. And it adds to who you are.
Should you continue language study after high school? Yes! Don't waste your investment of time and effort; whatever you have learned is a foundation for further study. Stick with it. Use your second language on the job; seek out opportunities to use it in your community; in college, take more courses, study abroad at intersession or for a summer, a semester, or a year. Some programs teach languages in conjunction with engineering, business, nursing, or journalism. And you might decide to start yet another language. When you study a language, you learn about how to learn a language, so learning the next one is easier.
Which Language should you learn?
There's no one answer. Here are the twelve most likely to be offered in your high school or college: Spanish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Russian, Hebrew, Greek, Chinese, Arabic, and Portuguese. Swahili, American Sign Language, and Navajo -- and 121 other languages -- are also taught in American high schools, colleges, and universities. Whatever language you choose, learning it will make a difference in how you see the world and in how the world sees you.
Source: Modern Language Association
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As with anything involving marine life and nuclear reactors, there is bad news, and then there is cold-comfort news.The bad news is, of course, is that Japan’s horribly damaged Fukushima Daiichi power plant has been dumping radioactive material into the sea, which has made people worry that Japanese seafood is unsafe for consumption.
But as Bloomberg reports, scientists are absolutely convinced that the radioactive waters pose no long-term health threat.
Because — and this would be the cold-comfort news — since 1952, England’s Sellafield nuclear-waste plant has been discharging 44 times more cesium-137 (“one of the most harmful radioactive materials to humans”) into the Irish Sea than the material that’s leaked from the Japanese reactor over the past month. And despite that, studies done over the past 15 years have shown that seafood-consumers in Sellafield’s vicinity have been ingesting half the recommended limit of radiation.
All of which has led scientists to conclude that a ban on Japanese seafood is unnecessary. And given all of the other contaminants found in seafood these days — heavy metals, right this way! — what’s a little radiation?
Incidentally, none of this makes it OK to eat bluefin tuna sushi.
[Via Grub Street]
Have a tip or restaurant-related news? Send it to email@example.com.
And follow us on Twitter: @ForkintheRoadVV.
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Tall fescue is a cool-season, bunch-type grass that grows with course to medium textured leaves. Adapted to a wide range of soil conditions but performs best in moist, well drained soils. Good heat and drought tolerance (for a cool-season grass) and poor cold tolerance makes this species a good choice for transition zone lawns. It will stay green year-round in the transition zone if watered.
It will winter kill when planted in the northern states with temperatures averaging below 10 degrees. A better choice for colder climates is Kentucky bluegrass
Kentucky 31 is the old, most common cultivar (cultivated variety). Because of its course texture, this species does not mix well with finer textured lawns and is considered a weed. There are several new and improved "turf-type" tall fescue cultivars that have a finer leaf blade, darker green color and make a nicer lawn.
Early fall is the best time to seed or sod cool-season lawns. Spring seeding should be avoided if possible because it does not give the plants time to form a deep root system that they will need to survive the summer. Weed invasion is also a big problem when seeding in the spring. It is better to plant sod if you need to start a new lawn in the spring.
Seed at a rate of 6 to 8 lbs. seed per 1,000 sq. ft.
After planting, keep the seed moist with light and frequent watering the first 14 to 21 days. Gradually reduce watering frequency as the grass plants develop. Start mowing when the new grass reaches 2 inches.
Mowing height is 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 inches. This species does not tolerate close mowing so cutting higher is best. The turf-type tall fescues can be cut a little lower, they do fine in the 2 to 3 inch range.
Raise the mowing height - 3 to 3 1/2 inches - during the hot summer months.
It is not necessary to remove grass clippings if mowed at the proper height and frequency.
This grass-type has good drought tolerance but needs to be watered in the summer to keep it green.
It requires 1 inch of water every 7 to 10 days.
Proper watering is very important to maintaining a quality lawn. Spring irrigation will decrease the drought tolerance of tall fescue...let mother nature do her job. Wait until your lawn shows signs of needing water (wilting, footpring or rolling leaves). Then apply enough water to wet the soil to a depth of 4 to 8 inches. This should be enough to last 7 to 10 days.
2 to 3 pounds of nitrogen per 1000 square feet per year is adequate.
The most important time to fertilize is in the fall. Apply 1 to 1 1/2 lbs nitrogen in September and again in October/November. A light application of 1/2 pound nitrogen can be applied in early spring, however excess nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided late spring through August.
A dense, healthy turf is always the best defense against weed invasion and other pest problems.
Brown Patch is the most common disease problem and is related to excessive nitrogen fertilizer and too much water. Avoiding late spring and summer nitrogen fertilization will help prevent brown patch.
White grubs have been the major insect pest and can be very damaging to tall fescue lawns. Cutworm and sod webworms can also be damaging but are not as common as grubs.
It is very difficult to maintain a nice tall fescue lawn without using a herbicide to control crabgrass. Spring applications of a preemergent herbicide is recommended to keep grassy and broadleaf weeds from invading.
Tall fescue has a tendency to thin and become clumpy after a hot and dry summer. It is recommended that you core aerate and overseed every fall to maintain a thick, healthy lawn.
Lawn Care Home
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Eggs have a number of wonderful health benefits that make them a recommended part of a balanced diet. Here are some of the most important benefits eggs can offer:
- Eggs are an excellent source of protein, with a large egg containing about 6 grams. Protein is key to a healthy, active lifestyle. Not only does it provide energy, but also helps build muscle and repair body tissue and cells.
- A large Grade A egg contains only 70 calories and 5 grams of fat. Per the Canada Food Guide, two eggs make up one serving of Meat & Alternatives.
- Eggs contain a number of vitamins and minerals that your body needs, all in one tidy little package. Some of these include:
- Iron which carries oxygen to your cells and helps to prevent against anemia
- Vitamin A which contributes to healthy eyes and skin
- Vitamin D which strengthens bones and teeth
- Vitamin E, an antioxidant valuable in disease prevention
- Folate which helps produce and maintain new cells
- Selenium, another antioxidant which helps to prevent the breakdown of body tissues along with Vitamin E
- You can get Omega-3 fatty acids from eggs – these are good fats that protect your heart. You have probably seen these eggs at the grocery store. This is achieved by incorporating flaxseed into a hen’s diet, thus passing the healthy Omega-3 fats to the eggs.
For more information on the health benefits of eggs and how they can contribute to a healthy lifestyle, please visit www.aneggadayisok.ca
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A scenario is a story that describes a possible future. It identifies some significant events, the main actors and their motivations, and it conveys how the world functions. Building and using scenarios can help people explore what the future might look like and the likely challenges of living in it.
— Scenarios: an explorer’s guide, Shell International
Scenarios are narratives of the future defined around a set of unpredictable drivers, intended to expand insight into future uncertainty by identifying unexpected but important possible directions and outcomes. Scenarios usually have a timeline over which meaningful change is possible.
Scenarios are tools, useful for examining a number of different possible futures to better understand the driving forces of today and to develop the means to work towards preferred futures. Scenario methodologies provide a means to generate thought, think creatively, challenge participants’ assumptions, and provide an effective framework for dialogue among a diverse group of stakeholders.
Scenarios do not need to be likely; they ought instead to be plausible, internally consistent, important, and relevant. Good scenarios often make experts feel uncomfortable because they demand that participants grapple with conclusions that are contrary to closely-held beliefs or conventional wisdoms about the future.
There are different types of scenarios: technocratic scenarios that are oriented towards states and planning; anticipatory scenarios that aim to help organizations survive in an uncertain world; and generative scenarios that identify interventions that try to realize values and transform the future, often by embracing uncertainty as a basis of strategy.
Although fictional, the narratives incorporate highly analytical as well as intuitive thinking.
Scenarios are often used to engage persons with divergent views and colliding perspectives to create a common understanding of a difficult or contentious issue and to build a shared strategy to respond to the challenges in the focal question and scenarios.
Scenarios have several characteristics that make them powerful specifically for informing global policy challenges:
Scenarios are decision focused.
Successful scenarios begin and end by clarifying the decisions and actions the participants must make if they are to successfully deal with an uncertain future. One common misconception of scenarios is that they are prescient, path dependent predictions of the future. On the contrary, scenarios are used to order our thoughts amid uncertainty, build common ground among differing perspectives, and think rationally about our options. They should never divert attention away from the decision itself.
Scenarios are imaginative.
In examining a decision within the context of a number of different futures, scenarios require us to suspend belief for a moment. They encourage participants to challenge their assumptions and conventional wisdom, create new contexts for existing decisions, and think creatively about options for surmounting obstacles. At their core, then, scenarios are about learning.
Scenarios are logical.
The scenario process is formal and disciplined in its use of information and analysis. The creativity and imagination inspired by scenarios can only be as effective as it is based in sound reality. But in requiring participants to challenge each other’s thoughts, perceptions, and mind-sets, the process helps identify that reality.
Scenarios are shared. Scenario methodologies provide a common language for participants to communicate about complex events and decisions.
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As of date we are currently in the second wave of the World Wide Web which is popularly known as “Web 2.0”. After reading several articles about the meaning of Web 2.0 I can say that there is no direct or standard definition for it, although many articles give similar details on its characteristics, technologies, concepts and usage.
According to the Wikipedia page for “Web 2.0” this was how the World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee described the term “Web 2.0” in a podcast interview.
"Nobody really knows what it means...If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all along."
Referring on the same article, Tim O’Reilly, who is generally credited for coining the term, defined the concept as, “the web as the platform”.
While in Investopedia Financial Dictionary, the concept of “Web 2.0 does not refer to any technical upgrades to the Internet; it simply refers to a shift in how it is used”.
When looking at the various definitions of Web 2.0 it is imperative to study the evolution of some aspects of the web in order for us to have a clear understanding of the developments in hypertext, hypermedia, interactivity and social media, and try to predict or determine what will be the ultimate manifestation of Web 2.0.
Hypertext, Hypermedia and Interactivity
It is written in Wikipedia that hypertext is the underlying concept defining the structure of the internet. In effect, though already existing since 1977, hypertext was made famous by the World Wide Web, as stated in Lincoln University Internet Encyclopedia .
Although existing definitions of “hypermedia” vary slightly from hypertext, and may have been used interchangeably, author Ted Nelson – who coined both terms in 1965 – wrote in 1992:
“By now the word "hypertext" has become generally accepted for branching and responding text, but the corresponding word "hypermedia", meaning complexes of branching and responding graphics, movies and sound – as well as text – is much less used.”
Whether both terms are used incorrectly or interchangeably it is undeniable that the development of hypermedia has been a great catalyst for the popular reception of interactive CD-ROMs and the World Wide Web, according to Darren Hughes in his article Taking the "Hype" Out of Hypermedia: A Teaching Tool
In Clay Carr's article, "Hypertext: A New Training Tool?" (1988) Carr sees the greatest potential for hypertext in data retrieval, in allowing "a user to access information in an associative, intuitive way-without regard for its actual location or for any visible database structure". The overwhelming growth of the World Wide Web is strong validation of this theory. Cloud computing, touted as one of the technologies to be greatly utilized in Web 2.0, and social media are perfect examples of this purpose.
As indicated by David Lowe and Wendy Hall in their book Hypermedia and the Web, in terms of the current state of hypermedia, we are now at a point where many of the technical limitations associated with handling various forms of media have been removed - at least to a limited extent. Similarly we have begun to develop an understanding of how to manage the various technologies in a reasonably cohesive fashion. But this has lead to the current situation of a hypermedia as a tool for information provision and procurement, rather than the broader concept of a tool for information utilization.
The word "interactive" is often used as a synonym for new media such as the World Wide Web. “Interactivity” on the other hand, as per Denis McQuail, is the ratio of response or initiative on the part of the user to the offer of the source/sender. Several articles supported that the internet is one of the most excellent systems to elicit human interaction. McMillan states that interactivity can occur at many different levels and degrees of engagement and that it is important to differentiate between these levels. User-to-user interaction via the internet; para-social interaction, where new forms of media are generated online; and user-to-system interactivity which is the way devices can be engaged with by a user.
Web applications have become more sophisticated, therefore prompting internet users to upload their own images, documents, audio, and videos online. Considering that the internet has a communication model of many-to-many, rather than the traditional one-to-many, we can say that the chances of reaching other people globally through your uploaded data is immensely huge. Interactivity in the new media has played a big role in promoting liberal democracy and free market in Web 2.0. Sharing the same thought is Paul Graham in his article, “Want to start a start up?”, He believes that the second big element of Web 2.0 is democracy. He says, “We now have several examples to prove that amateurs can surpass professionals, when they have the right kind of system to channel their efforts.”
The rise of social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter changed how we communicate and collaborate, at least to some remote and virtual degree. User-generated content is considered to be one of the highlights of Web 2.0.
In a status report entitled, ”User Generated Content, Social Media, And Advertising” by the Interactive Status Bureau, it was written that, “Social networking is the ultimate manifestation of user generated content, and as such, holds more potential for growth than any other form of content on the Web today.”
But not everyone did not like the outcome of this new model, critics such as Andrew Keen argue that Web 2.0 has created a cult of digital narcissism and amateurism, which undermines the notion of expertise by allowing anybody, anywhere to share and place undue value upon their own opinions about any subject and post any kind of content, regardless of their particular talents, knowledge, credentials, biases or possible hidden agendas.
After reading various sources about Web 2.0, hypertext, hypermedia, interactivity and social media, I’ve learned that the two major paradigm shifts during this phase are user-generated content and cloud computing. If I were to choose which of the two manifests the concepts of Web 2.0 more, I would have to choose user-generated content, because first of all cloud computing would not exist if it weren’t for the data and information uploaded by the internet users. Second, because a lot of breakthroughs happened not only in human socializing per se but also in marketing and advertising.
For now I believe that the ultimate manifestation of Web 2.0 lies in social media.
Web 2.0; Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0
Web 2.0; Investopedia Financial Dictionary; http://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/web-20.asp
Hypertext; Wikipedia ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext
Hypertext; Lincoln University Internet Encyclopedia; http://www.lincoln.edu/math/rmyrick/ComputerNetworks/InetReference/12.htm
Taking the "Hype" Out of Hypermedia: A Teaching Tool; Darren Hughes; http://www.longpauses.com/hype.htm
What is hypermedia?; Chapter 2 of Hypermedia and the Web by David Lowe and Wendy Hall; http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/lac/LoweNHall/extracts/Hypermedia.html
Interactivity;Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactivity
Want to start a start up?; http://paulgraham.com/web20.html
Social Media; Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media
User Generated Content, Social Media ,and Advertising — An Overview; http://www.iab.net/ugcplatform
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“Social media is only going to be persuasive and become such a critical factor in the success of failure in business.”
Today, word of mouth is changed by social networking site and internet. We share things to more people today because of social networking sites and internet, news spread faster, and people will gain more insight because the tendency to read more.
With the ability to connect to massive crowd, a person has the ability to impact other people and influence them in making decisions. In 2007, 78% of people trust the recommendations of other consumers; while only 14% of people trust advertisement. But now that number has increased as in 2009, 90% of people trust the recommendations of other consumers more. (Nielsen, 2009).
It is great to see that today, more and more companies are embracing all types of social networking to get most of people’s attention. But, we can’t treat social media platform like conventional media. One must be engaged and be active. We can’t just put information like we did in conventional media to social media platform. It works differently. Participation is the fundamental of social media, because the whole point of social media is to share and create information for others to participate, not just to spread and read it.
In order for the social networking to be effective, one must engage and interact with them. Danny Oei Wirianto, online marketing entrepreneur said that one of the most common mistakes marketers made in this regard was to create a Facebook fan page simply to collect as many friends as possible, while failing to really communicate with those people.
Social media is not a replacement for conventional media, thus we can’t treat it like that. Like it or not, the future will shift towards more sharing and creating content. Content is the new democracy. But because there are still people that have not engaged in this medium, social media has not revealed its full power yet.
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|Search Results (177 videos found)|
|Anne Bishop: A Proposal for a Research Study of Mobile Computing among Nomadic College Students
Keywords: Mobile Computing; Anne Bishop; Human Computer Interaction; HCI; Information Seeking; Mobile Technology; college population; research; research design;
Popularity (downloads): 14
|ACM UIST 2000 - Sensing techniques for moblie interaction
They describe sensing technique motivated by unique aspects of human-computer interaction with handheld devices in mobile settings. Special features of mobile interaction include changing orientation and position, changing venues,...
Keywords: UIST; input devices; interaction techniques; sensing; context awareness; mobile devices; mobile interactionm sensors
Popularity (downloads): 540
|NaviPoint: An Input Device for Mobile Information Browsing
Video Figure from CHI 1998 Paper. Author(s): Kiyokuni Kawachiya & Hiroshi Ishikawa
Keywords: CHI; input device; information browsing; user interface; PDAs;hand-held devices; mobile computing
Popularity (downloads): 462
|ACM CSCW 2000 - GestureMan
When designing systems that support remote instruction on physical tasks, one must consider four requirements: 1) participants should be able to use non-verbal expressions, 2) they must be able to...
Keywords: CSCW; embodiment; mobile robot; remote instruction; video mediated communication
Popularity (downloads): 514
|UIST 2002 - An Annotated Situation-Awareness Aid for Augmented Reality
We present a situation-awareness aid for augmented reality system based on an annotated "world in miniature". Our aid is designed to provide users with an overview of their environment...
Keywords: UIST; world in miniature; augmented reality; mobile computing; user interaction
Popularity (downloads): 542
|ACM CSCW 1994 Issue 87 - Teleporting - Making Applications Mobile
Popularity (downloads): 562
Dramatization of how photographs are transmitted by wire, an exciting new technology in the 1930s.
Keywords: Communication: Wirephotos;Media: Newspapers;Technology;
Popularity (downloads): 674
|Magic in the Air (1955)
Introduces television and explains the workings of early television technology.
Keywords: Media: Television;Technology;Sports: Baseball;
Popularity (downloads): 1115
|NASA Connect - AATC - Future NASA Technology
NASA Connect Segment exploring new and future technology to help meteorologists predict hurricanes and other severe weather. The video explores GIFTS, or geostationary satellites, and other developing technologies at NASA.
Keywords: NASA Connect; Geostationary; Satellites; Technology; Hurricanes; Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer; GIFTS; Temperature; Water Vapor; Wind; Remote Sensing; Steering Winds;
Popularity (downloads): 2750
|NASADestinationTomorrow - DT9 - Quiet Aircraft Technology
NASA Destination Tomorrow Segment describing how NASA scientists are trying to reduce noise created by aircraft. The segment describes some of the equipment and technology in use in laboratories to...
Keywords: NASA Destination Tomorrow; Noise; Noise Reduction; Quiet Aircraft Technology; Acoustics; Exhaust; Turbulence; Slats; Flaps; Landing Gear; Environment; Pollution; Fan Blade;
Popularity (downloads): 1631
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| 0.789337
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Presenting creative ideas about the meaning of magic, this fantasy quest explores the concept of destiny and the purpose of games.
Author Jack McGlame presents some very creative ideas in an attempt to explore the meaning of magic. The novel follows protagonist Wilhelm Redheimer’s quest to find a hidden magical realm. The clues to the path the hero must take are found in a child’s game.
Wilhelm is the youngest magistrate in his uncle’s kingdom, where magic is forbidden. Yet Wilhelm longs to be a wizard and feels trapped and repressed. Sneaking out of the castle to go exploring with his friend, Tibed, the pair ends up on a quest for the hidden valley of Majik, a secret land where dragons, witches, and wizards live. As the boys get deeper into their journey, they discover that Wilhelm’s father is plotting against the king, and Wilhelm must decide on the right action to take. The lessons he learns about magic ultimately lead him to his destiny.
The book contains a large cast of characters but not enough detail about any of them to allow an understanding of their roles in the story. To even speak the word “magic” is absolutely forbidden in the kingdom, and yet it seems to be all that anyone talks about. The children play a game called “majik” that is supposed to illustrate the way into the hidden valley. Though the author provides a lengthy explanation for the game at the end of the book, the rules of the game are not clear. The game seems to be very complicated, involving multiple game pieces, color patterns and dice. The author has provided no explanation for some parts of the game, such as when dice can be used or what type of dice can be used, and he contradicts himself in explaining how the various pieces can be moved, describing the warlock as: “noted as being able to jump any player to strike his opponent, but they cannot jump an opposing player to do so.”
The writing in Majik also needs a great deal of work. There are numerous run-on sentences and sentence fragments. There is little by way of organization to allow the reader to understand the meaning of individual paragraphs. Each chapter reads like a stream of subconscious thought, and the reader will be hard-pressed to follow and understand the story.
This is true in the descriptions as well as the dialogue. For example, McGlame writes: “The magic they share is shared by the entire kingdom. Not the prize in winning but more the play of the game. Sometimes we try to be more than what we are, or to be something we are not. We take our lessons well, and the magic is never lost. Have you ever ridden the bell of a cat? You must be careful with magic.”
Though Majik does not completely deliver on its promise, the book starts out with a very creative premise.
Disclosure: This article is not an endorsement, but a review. The author of this book provided free copies of the book and paid a small fee to have their book reviewed by a professional reviewer. Foreword Reviews and Clarion Reviews make no guarantee that the author will receive a positive review. Foreword Magazine, Inc. is disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255.
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Many different species of rat exist. The most famous is the black rat. It's Latin name is Rattus Rattus. The brown rat or Norway rat is also very well known, its Latin name is Rattus norvegicus.
There are many different species of wild rats whereas all lab rats and pet rats come from Norway rats. The different varieties of pet rat such as Dumbo rats, hairless, platinum and tailless are all the same species. They are bred to exaggerate some of their physical characteristics.
Kangaroo rats are only distant relatives of the Norway rats. They are both rodents but this is where the similarity ends. They both belong to different families. Norway rats are more closely related to house mice then they are to kangaroo rats.
Kangaroo rats are fascinating. They are highly adapted to life in arid desert regions. They have very salty kidneys in the middle. This draws as much water as possible from their urine, making it very concentrated. They don't need to drink; they can get all the water they need from the seeds they eat.
Black rats and Norway rats are more closely related to each other. They are both in the genus Rattus. Amazingly though, there are currently 51 species within the genus.
Dr Toby Bateson for Hammer Technologies Ltd
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On September 19, 1946, Winston Churchill gave a speech
in Zurich, Switzerland, in which he called for the governments of the countries of Europe to unite into a United States of
Europe. What got started then, half a century ago, is now threatening the present and future freedom of the United States
of America. Things started moving very swiftly back then. On December 17 of that same year, a group of people calling themselves
the European Federalist Union met in Paris.
May 14, 1947, a movement was formed called the United Europe
Movement. Their goal was to turn each independent sovereign country of Europe into a State in a single country called the
United States of Europe. Several meetings were held each year in different cities by different groups supporting the movement.
On March 17, 1948, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom signed an agreement called the Brussels
Treaty. May 17 of that year, 800 delegates formed the International Co-Ordination of Movement for Unification of Europe, and
met in the Hague. They were charged with preparing a plan that would eventually bring about the complete economic and political
integration of Europe.
May 9, 1951, a plan was adopted which took all the separate
coal and steel companies of Western Europe and integrated them into one economic giant. This began the economic amalgamation.
Over the next years, more meetings were held, more treaties
A European Court of Justice was formed. A two chamber parliament,
called the European Executive Council, was formed.
December 1955 the European Union flag was adopted. A blue field
with gold stars. German, French, Italian, and Dutch, were named the official languages of the EU.
And in February 2002 all historical forms of money were done
away with. No more drachmas or liras. Now Europe was one country, with one currency, called the Euro.
It took just about a half a century to wipe out the structure
of European government as it had been for hundreds of years.
The men in high places who had finished their work in Europe,
now turned their attention to America.
And without so much as asking We The People if we want to see
our American Country given away, our freedoms and our sovereignty trashed, they are proceding on a road to do just that.
The road to do what? To do in America what they have done in
Europe. Take Mexico, Canada, and the United States, and merge them into one single government, with one single set of laws
and one single currency. And none of the Constitutional freedoms that we built this country upon.
This is such a complicated subject, and such a surprising subject,
that I am going to rely on the written words of other people, who have put the case much more plainly than I can. I am first
going to quote from an article by Congressman Ron Paul, titled A North American
"August 28, 2006
Globalists and one-world promoters never seem to tire of coming
up with ways to undermine the sovereignty of the United States. The most recent attempt comes in the form of the misnamed
"Security and Prosperity Partnership Of North America (SPP)." In reality, this new "partnership" will likely make us far less
secure and certainly less prosperous.
According to the US government website dedicated to the project,
the SPP is neither a treaty nor a formal agreement. Rather, it is a "dialogue" launched by the heads of state of Canada, Mexico,
and the United States at a summit in Waco, Texas in March, 2005.
What is a "dialogue"? We don't know. What we do know, however,
is that Congressional oversight of what might be one of the most significant developments in recent history is non-existent.
Congress has had no role at all in a "dialogue" that many see as a plan for a North American union."
In the mind of the American public, the name most associated
with a one world government and all of its ramifications, is that of David Rockefeller. He founded the Trilateral Commission,
and in June, 1991, he addressed their gathering. This is an excerpt of his statements:
"We are grateful to the Washington Post, The New York Times,
Magazine and other great publications whose directors have attended
our meetings and respected their promises of discretion
for almost forty years.
It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we
had been subjected
to the lights of publicity during those years.
But, the world is now more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a
world government. The supranational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national
auto-determination practiced in past centuries."
In this one paragraph he reveals that for almost a half a century,
the news reporting agencies in our country have censored themselves. They agreed to not report on the plans and operations
of these elite world planners who are determined to destroy the American government and replace it with their own idea of
worldwide Utopia. In his statement, Mr. Rockefeller implies quite correctly, that if the people knew what they were doing,
they would never have been allowed to get away with it.
While we have been arguing about other things, both important
and trivial, great wheels of political maneuvering have been turning over and over, rolling on to their stated destination.
And most people have been totally unaware. Those few people who have been aware of where things were headed, have been patted
on the head and told that we were listening to the world through tin-foil lined hats. But take a close look. That which, decades
ago, they said they were going to do, they are now doing.
What they are now doing is an outrageous giveaway of the United
States, intolerable, even in peacetime. But at the present time, when we are at war with global Islamic terrorism,international
drug smugglers, and unlawful migration on our southern border, it is an insane madness beyond the ability of human words to
describe. But, they are even now going ahead with it. They announced it once, so they can claim that they fulfilled their
duty. But they are not asking our permission. Listen to these words. These quotes are taken directly from the Office of the
Press Secretary, March 23, 2005
"For Immediate Release
Office of the Press Secretary
March 23, 2005
Joint Statement by President Bush, President Fox, and Prime
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
We, the elected leaders of Canada, Mexico, and the United States,
gather in Texas to announce the establishment of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America.
Over the past decade, our three nations have taken important
steps to expand economic opportunity for our people and to create the most vibrant and dynamic trade relationship in the world.
Since September 11, 2001, we have also taken significant new steps to address the threat of terrorism and to enhance the security
of our people.
But more needs to be done. In a rapidly changing world, we
must develop new avenues of cooperation that will make our open societies safer and more secure, our businesses more competitive,
and our economies more resilient.
I am still quoting from the WH press release
Our Partnership will accomplish these objectives through a
trilateral effort to increase the security, prosperity, and quality of life of our citizens. This work will be based on the
principle that our security and prosperity are mutually dependent and complementary,"unquote
Who ever said that our security and freedom is dependent on
the security and freedom of Mexico?
"/-----------The statement goes on for many paragraphs, and
describes in detail what the plans are. /
quote "/we will establish a common approach to security to
protect North America from external threats-""
do you understand that that statement holds in it the idea
of United States soldiers being called to defend Mexico?"
-----resuming quote" (we will)consolidate our action into a
North American framework to confront security and economic challenges". Do you understand that within that statement is the
power to regulate our monetary processes depending on what Mexico and Canada want?
We will establish a common approach to security to protect
North America from external threats, prevent and respond to threats within North America, and further streamline the secure
and efficient movement of legitimate, low-risk traffic across our shared borders. --As part of our efforts, we will:
Implement common border security and bioprotection strategies;
Enhance critical infrastructure protection, and implement a common approach to emergency response;"
within this statement is the surrender of control over our
natoional borders, and even surrender of control over our roads and freeways and bridges--that's what infrastructure is.
quote-- enhance intelligence partnerships;" that's a sharing
of vital security information
quote--Implement a border facilitation strategy to build capacity
and improve the legitimate flow of people and cargo at our shared borders." that means surrendering control of our borders
"quote"Improve productivity through regulatory cooperation""that
means American businesses would be subjected to international regulations
""quote"Enhance the stewardship of our environment,--that means
more international regulation concerning
ecological concerns, making you an international criminal for
cutting a tree down on your own land, and other outrageous invasions of our privacy
Stripped of all of its fancy political talk, this means that
the United States of America will no longer be a sovereign nation unto itself, with the power to make its own laws and protect
its own borders. Our border security will not be under our excluusive control anymore. Our infrastructure---that means our
roads, our highways, our productivity--our businesses, will all eventually be controlled and governed by a tri-lateral international
government, tangled in anti-constitutional red tape. We will have become a colony again. With our Constitution trashed and
our freedoms buried. The Freedoms that we invented and put into our Constitution, that made us the greatest country ever to
exist on this planet, will be compromised and sold out, in the name of international globalism.
The clearly stated goal of the Trilateral Commission has always
been to foster a "New International Economic Order" that would supplant the historical economic order.
The first "Report to the Leaders" concerning the progress of
these plans has already been made.
I am quoting the information posted at www.spp.gov, which
is the official government information source on the subject.
Following the March 23, 2005, launch of the SPP, each nation
established Security and Prosperity working groups to fulfill the vision of the North American Heads of State." Note
here, they talk about fulfilling the vision of the North American Heads of State. Not the American people.
"The working groups will consult with stakeholders; set specific, measurable, and achievable goals and implementation dates;
and identify concrete steps the governments can take to achieve these goals. An initial report is due to Heads of Government
on June 23 with semi-annual progress reports thereafter.
The North American Competitiveness Council. Increasing private
sector engagement in the SPP by adding high-level business input will assist governments in enhancing North America's competitive
position and engage the private sector as partners in finding solutions."
Translation of this quote. Increasing private sector engagement,
high-level business input, will assist governments. This means Big, international Government is going to get together with
big international businesses, and work to gether to put themselves in charge of everything, without telling We the People
that our Constitution and Bill of Rights will be trashed in favor of their own global tyranny.
Resuming the quote from the Report to the Leaders:
"In June 2005, you received the first report on making North
America more prosperous and secure through the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP). The report included
a list of early accomplishments and detailed workplans containing initiatives, milestones, and completion dates. Today, we
are pleased to present the second report.
"On March 31, 2006 you met in Cancun to review progress on
the SPP. You noted achievements and asked us to continue to build on the momentum of the ambitious agenda of collaboration
found in the workplans."
This report contains much more detailed information, as to
how these great wheels of governmental burocracy are already turning, making plans and putting them into operation. You've
heard the words globalism, and globalization, and new world order. That is what these expressions mean. It means that within
a decade, America will be a colony again, having to consult with Canada, Mexico, and evenatually the UN, before we can make
a move of independence in any aspect of our lives.
In the beginning of our country, 13 colonies got together and
discovered something called freedom, and individual rights, given to us by a just God. There was strength in the togetherness
of the colonies, to establish the new idea of freedom. Now the movers and shakers and influential leaders in the world
power structure are joining their own kind of bullying strength together, in an alliance to suffocate our freedoms and turn
us into a colony again.
They claim that their plans are just a way to spread our freedom
around. But they lie.
This first Report to the Leaders is signed by Carlos Guteierrez,
Secretary of Commerce, Michael Chertoff, Secretary of Homeland Security, Condoleeza Rice, Secretary of State, Fernano Canales
Secretario Economico, Carlos Abascal ,Secretario del Gobernacion, and Luis Ernesto Derbez, Secrertario Relationes Exterior,
of Mexico, and David L. Emerson,Ministry of Industry, Anne McLellan, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Public Safety and
Emergency Preparedness., and Pierre Stewart Pettigrew, Minister of Foreign Affairs, of Canada
The government denies that there is a signed agreement between
the three nations. They call it a "dialog". So if it is only a "dialog", then why are all these high ranking officials signing
their official report about it?
Let's quote again the official government statements on the
official government website, in their "myth VS. Fact" section. They declare that it is a myth That The SPP was an agreement
signed by Presidents Bush and his Mexican and Canadian counterparts in Waco, TX, on March 23, 2005.
They declare the Fact is that: The SPP is a dialogue to increase
security and enhance prosperity among the three countries. The SPP is not an agreement nor is it a treaty. In fact, no agreement
was ever signed.
I ask again, If no agreement was ever signed, why are all these
top officials signing their first official report about it?
Back to the quotes
They say it is a Myth that The SPP is a movement to merge the
United States, Mexico, and Canada into a North American Union and establish a common currency.
They say it is a Myth that The SPP is being undertaken without
the knowledge of the U.S. Congress.
They say it is a Fact that U.S. agencies involved with SPP
regularly update and consult with members of Congress on our efforts and plans.
They say it is a Myth: that The SPP infringes on the sovereignty
of the United States. They say it is a myth that: The SPP is illegal and violates the Constitution.
This website, operated by our government, boldly tells We the
People that our government is literally giving away our national sovereignty. And then they declare that it doesn't violate
the Constitution, it doesn't violate American sovereignty, and the Congress is being properly informed. Congress is not supposed
to be just "informed" . The president is is supposed to submit international treaties to Congress for debate and approval
before they put them into effect, not after.
The Executive Branch of our government is acting like the Legislative
branch does not exist.
In the very beginning, twenty working groups were formed. And
these international committees of anonymous bureaucrats are well on their way to establishing a super-government for North
America that will not be bound by our Constitution. The plan is to have this arrangement implemented by 2010.
The rulings and guidlines and international agreements of the
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America, will eat up our freedoms and the United States will surrender its Constitution.
According to Jerome R. Corsi, an author and political commentator,
our nation-state prerogatives would be superseded by the authority of a North American court and parliamentary body. and even
though they officially deny it, there are plans underway to surrender our currency the same way the European Union surrendered
theirs. Our dollar would eventually merge with the Canadian dollar and the Mexican peso, and and be called the Amero. They
will do it as soon as they think they can get away with it.
'Already underway is the plan for a NAFTA Superhighway: 1,200
feet wide, stretching from Lazaro Cardenas on the west coast of Mexico, entering the United States at Laredo, Texas, and continuing
straight north to Winnipeg, Canada, with another route to Kansas City thence north easterly to Detroit and Montreal.
Containerized goods from Asia will be offloaded onto Mexican
trucks, with Mexican drivers, and distributed throughout the economic system. Go to http://www.nascocorridor.com/ to view
the plan and progress. There will be no internal boundaries to restrict the flow of people, goods or services.
In fact, the first customs stop on the Superhighway will be
in the heart of America - Kansas City! Along the way, primary U.S. labor unions will be by-passed in favor of Mexican labor,
including the Longshoremen's Union, the Railroad United Transportation Union, and the Teamsters.
How will such a massive flow of goods and foreign traffic be
monitored? According to author Jerome Corsi, "Across the NAFTA Super-Highways will flow millions more Mexicans, now armed
with North American border passes and biometric identification, as defined by the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North
America working groups organized within the Department of Commerce."
On April 30, 1992, President George H.W. Bush signed Executive
Order No. 12803 on infrastructure privatization, a move that cleared the way for private capital to invest in U.S. infrastructure
projects, including highways.
You know that the Supreme Court recently trashed the Fourth
Amendment to the Constitution by declaring that Public Domain means any big -money interest that wants to can seize your home
for a private business. How many private homes are foreign based businesses going to steal from American citizens, in order
to build this monster highway through our heartland, without our permission?
Our political leaders have told us that this is not a treaty
and does not need congressional approval. This is an absolute deliberate lie. This is is a surrender of our Constitution.
It will effect every corner of our lives. It has already robbed the American citizen of his right to own his own land. The
Supreme Court just said so. If a big business wants your land, he can have it. Even if that big business is a foreign business.
At this very minute, citizens of Texas are fighting to keep
the bulldozer from destroying homes they have owned for generations. Why are they wanting to bulldoze the property of Citizens
of Texas? To build this monstrous highway to tear our heartland in half for foreign business interests. Robert Pastor, a member
of the NAU task force, has said they want the NAU to be in operation by 2010. Katrina was a natural disaster that displaced
over a hundred thousand people off their land before we even noticed they were in trouble. The building of the NAFTA highway
over the next four years will drive just as many citizens out of their homes and off of their land. Will we notice them?
President Ronald Reagan once said, "A nation without borders
is not a nation." While we've been looking elsewhere, our own government has implemented this plan to erase our borders with
Canada and Mexico. The NAFTA Superhighway will allow vehicles, people and goods to travel from Mexico, into the American heartland,
and up to Canada with little impediment, making America's borders obsolete. Coupled with Bush's blanket amnesty program,
the new North American Union and the NAFTA Superhighway (NASCO) will fully expedite the wholesale dismantling of American
sovereignty. It would seem that the while the rest of the world is already lining up to get their piece of the American pie,
Americans will be the last to understand what is happening.
You are re-acting to this horrifying news with dis-belief.
No, no, you say, that can't be true. This is America. You must be mistaken. This can't happen to America. You are telling
me a fairy tale! Alright. Let's talk about "fairy tales" for a minute.
When the house hit the ground, and Dorothy peered out the door,
and saw that nothing out there was the same as before, she said, "Toto, we're not in Kansas anymore." In that fairy tale,
Dorothy suddenly discovered that her home was gone. Everything was suddenly very different. Well, here in the real-life world,
everything is suddenly very different. And this is not a lovely dream. This is a waking nightmare. We're not in Kansas anymore,
either. And if we are not careful, we will wake up one morning in 2010, and find out that Kansas doesn't even belong to us
anymore. Fairy tale Oz was filled with a lot of lovely little people who liked to sing and dance. The only villian was an
ugly witch who was easily gotten rid of by being doused with a bucket of water.
But as much as we all like fairy tales, we can't live in them.
We have to face the real ugliness of the real world we live in. This new world we suddenly find ourselves in at this point
in history is real, and it is ugly.
We thought we beat the enemies of America and freedom, when
we beat the Nazies. But every generation has brought forth its own bad guys.
The bad guys in this real life nightmare do not melt. The Islamic
terrorists do not melt. The drug smugglers and people smugglers on our border do not melt. The Atzlanistas, --you never heard
of the Atzlanistas--- they are a political and military movement, in existance for at least half a century, who want to tear
stars off our flag and turn our southwest into a property of Mexico. They are out in the open now, and are boldly waving their
flags and shouting their slogans. They declare their intentions to drive Americans off American land. They claim it is their
land, and intend to take it back, no matter who gets hurt. They don't melt. And the highly placed, elected and unelected,
movers and shakers on the world political scene, they don't melt either. And if we do not stop them, they will destroy our
American way of life, rob us of our culture, our history, and our freedom, and turn us into a colony of the United Nations.
When the children of Israel moved to Egypt to re-unite with
Joseph, and live comfortably during the famine, they went to work for the Egyptians, in what they thought was a beneficial
business arangement. They did not know they were going to wind up in slavery for four hundred years. The liars and tyrants
that are trying to enslave the American people in this North American Union are trying to convince us that it is "good for
The Constitution of the United States has a provision in it
that allows We the People to call for a Constitutional Convention, through the vote of the State legislatures. It appears
that it is time for We the People to take advantage of that provision, and by Constitutional action, reclaim our freedoms
from the assorted facists and new world order tyrants that want to take them from us.
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://antiochjubilee.tripod.com/id12.html
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The site of a Medieval fortress in Svätý Jur, outside Bratislava, Slovakia, was researched by archaeologists who uncovered artefacts of one of the most important Slavic castles in the region.
The site with the remains of the earthworks is situated on the mountain ridge of the Little Carpathians above Svätý Jur, at a height of 342 meters above sea level. Archaeologists believe that the fortress served a military-strategic function in 8th century. Artefacts from the 9th to 10th century indicate that the fort was an important military refuge, but we also know that it was a manufacturing centre and a very populated place. Archaeologists suppose that the castle and two other forts on the other side of the Little Carpathians – sat on the borders between the joined principalities Nitra and Moravia of the Great Moravian Empire.
The ruins of the former fortress are in the woody outcrop above the cottage area. They are identified by mighty, still preserved mounds of the elliptical acropolis and two younger horseshoe-like lower fortifications connected to the acropolis from the northwest. On the two sides of the valleys under the fort are two tributaries of Starý Potok river. The length of the fort, including both wards, is about 680 meters. The area of the fort is about 8.5 ha. Experts state that the castle of Svätý Jur supplied castles in Bratislava and Devín with products and military support. It could have also been a possible refugium at the rear. The fort in Svätý Jur was probably one of the most important castle in the region, just after Preslava and Dovina, although each castle had its own function.
The defence system was formed gradually.Archaeologists believed that the predecessor of the massive wall of the acropolis had been built by the second half of the 8th century. The bulwark of the acropolis was later reinforced with a wooden slatted construction, which was protected from the front by a stone parapet. The thickness of the biggest walls was at least 4.5 meters. The height of the wall might have been the same as its thickness. The walls of the acropolis and the first ward were lined from the inside and outside by moats, and both parts of the fort were protected in the more accessible northwest part by additional walls and moats.
Among the finds made over the years at the hillfort is a deposit which included jewellery (earrings, a knob pendant and a ring), a knife, a spear and a vessel. Another significant discovery was of a quadratic building on stone foundations from the Great Moravian period, which has few comparisons. An Arabic coin from the Abbasid caliphate, or Arab Empire was also found. It dates to 867 and was emitted by Caliph Al-Mu´tazz. It is the first Arabic silver coin found in Great Moravia. Other coins found at the fortress include Roman, one Celtic coin and specimen from the 17th century. Archaeologists also managed to document a place where jewellery may have been produced. Interesting find, attesting to trade links of the site is a glass whorl, similar to one found in the territory of the Frankish Empire, dating from the 6th and 7th century and the times of the Merovingian dynasty. Moreover numerous finds of iron products, coloured metal, and ceramics were also made at the site.
(after The Slovak Spectator, Archive of Malokarpatské Múzeum in Pezinok & Malokarpatské Múzeum in Pezinok)
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<urn:uuid:9a9ffa90-c32f-4866-b696-f613615a216d>
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://archaeofeed.com/2017/06/research-of-medieval-fortress-in-western-slovakia/
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| 0.97583
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Yemen has a unique architectural heritage. The master builders and craftsmen have learnt how to build to suit geography, location, the climate and available materials.Yemen has a unique architectural heritage, one from which we can learn and draw inspiration.
The practitioners, the master builders and craftsmen have learnt how to build to suit geography, location, the climate and available materials. They have by necessity had to “work with” the local conditions and in so doing have developed over generations knowledge and craft specific to the locality and people.
This is exemplified in the Wadi Hadhramaut, an area of Eastern Yemen at the edge of the desert or “Empty Quarter”,where it becomes a plateau cut with deep valleys or “wadis”. As the source of water and therefore food, all settlements occurred along these wadis, both buildings, agriculture and the way of life adapted to the extreme conditions, hot and dry with one short sharp rainy season.
The centrepiece and best known town in the area is Shibam, a UNESCO World Heritage site, known in touristic terms as “The Manhattan of the Desert”,a walled town of approximately 500 houses which rise up to ten storeys from the wadi floor. These traditional “tower houses” accommodate livestock and storage on the ground floor and living quarters above. Often there is a social space, the “majlis” with a terrace on the top floor. In Shibam there are also mosques, schools and administration buildings. Shibam is built solely of mud bricks made by hand and baked dry in the sun.
Buildings made from earth tend to be associated with mud huts and to be seen as primitive and unsophisticated; the architecture of the Hadhramaut shows you otherwise revealing the versatility of mud brick and you get the impression that almost anything can be done with it.
Further up the wadi is Sayyun the main town and capitol of the area,a busy “working”town of mud brick buildings and further on is Tarim a city known architecturally speaking for its vast palaces. They display intricate and ornate decoration which attempts to recreate in mud the classical motifs of European colonial architecture in India and Indonesia, where the building’s owners will have made their fortune. The Yemenis are known for working abroad to support the family back home hence the array of influences brought home to celebrate their success. The string of small towns along the Wadi Daw’an [a tributary of the main valley] are made up of houses that look as if they have grown over generations. They are often in spectacular locations and as an ensemble look as if they have grown out of the landscape.
The tradition of construction using mud bricks continues today in the area; a visitor can see old buildings being repaired and extended, new buildings in the existing towns and even new settlements. When a building is to be replaced and renewed it is demolished and the earth is re-used. In common with the rest of Yemen there was a period of building with concrete frame and concrete blocks-introduced 40 to 50 years ago-thought to be quicker and cheaper to build but also seen as the “ modern way” and “as its done in the West”. But this way of building is “thin”- heat passes thro’ easily-it needs energy hungry air conditioning to keep it cool. By contrast the mud brick buildings keep themselves cool; it happens “passively”, it is an inbuilt part of the design.
The mud brick buildings have thick walls often a metre and a half at the bottom tapering to half a metre at the top. The mass of the walls is ideal for keeping the inside of the building cool; window openings are kept small and located to avoid direct sunlight and have ornate wooden lattice which provide shade as well as privacy. Taller buildings also have a shaft adjacent to the main staircase which acts as a chimney for “pulling” a breeze thro’ the building, cooler air at ground level being drawn up thro the building.
The layout of the buildings -close together, means they provide shade for one another and also shade the ravine like streets in between. After a long and still continuing experiment with “western” construction the Hadhramis have recognised the inherent qualities of their mud brick buildings, and although the latter are more labour intensive and slower, [in the past a tower house may take five to eight years to build] there is also an inclination to return to the traditional way.
The earth for the mud bricks comes from the wadi floor ready saturated after the rainy season; concrete construction uses imported cement which takes energy in both the processing and the distribution. The mud is mixed with chopped straw and water and then spread into simple wooden moulds on the ground to bake hard. The bricks are more like flat cakes approximately 45 centimetres long by 30 cm wide, narrower bricks are made for the upper storeys . They are 75 to 100 cm thick. To make a wall they are laid interlocking with a mud mortar and then rendered with a finer mud layer to make the wall smooth. But what stops it being washed away?– It’s a common question. The answer is-the type of earth, which is just the right combination clay and silt and sand – it just sets very hard and although a thin outer layer may get washed off during the rainy season it is basically waterproof. Even the flat roof? The roof and parapet walls at the top of the buildings are the most vulnerable area- an earth building needs “a good hat and boots”-the boots are a stone built plinth, often the first two metres of the building above the ground, which stops moisture in the ground rising up and provides protection from abrasion by people and animals. The hat- the roof- is also covered in mud, with vulnerable parts such as parapets coated with a high quality lime render called “nurah”.
A visitor will notice many lime kilns as well as fields of mud bricks drying in the sun. Sometimes nurah is applied to the whole roof surface; it is built up in layers, increasingly more refined and then painstakingly “polished” using a specially shaped stone. The nurah is also used decoratively: around windows and doors and it is also nurah from which the intense decoration of the Tarim palaces is made.
Due to its World Heritage status Shibam in particular has received a lot of attention. In an effort to preserve the city the city wall and the adjacent road and terrace to the wadi have been substantially rebuilt and a piped water system and sewage system has been introduced. It is said that the increase in waste water directed into the ground has upset the buildings’ foundations and is indicative of how carefully balanced the centuries-old set up has been. Shibam was a trading town on the Frankincense trail from East to West and would have been a busy place….but essentially the town had to be self sufficient -in what is a remote location. In the past there would literally have been no waste-even human waste was collected and dried and used for fertilizer or fuel. All resources would have to be carefully and efficiently used. Water in particular – evident throughout the area are a system of terraces and walls around fields and channels which harness water from the wadi in spate during the rainy season. Crops have been adapted to grow in soil drenched just once. This traditional system has largely been superseded by mechanical well technology which has enabled the irrigation of crops, although again this has caused a lowering of the water table to levels that in some areas are considered critical.
So what can we learn; that there is an alternative to one size fits all modern construction-a traditional material can be adapted to new uses and can incorporate modern systems but with care; there is an alternative to the “out with the old and in with the new” approach- one which offers continuity so people can not only see and feel a link with the past but with the continuation of the skills and craft it can be part of daily life. Finally we can be inspired by building in earth-a misunderstood material…..for even in Yemen there is a saying “better a house of stone than a palace of mud”. From an ecological perspective it is the most versatile of materials….it is on the site to begin with, it uses the suns energy in its processing and if and when the building is redundant it does literally return to the earth without leaving any “footprint” at all. Mud brick offers a more gentle and satisfying way to build and develop in the modern world than people perhaps realise.
Howard Meadowcroft is a UK based architect
All photographs courtesy of Howard Meadowcroft
1st March 2010
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://archreview.blogspot.com/2011_09_18_archive.html
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en
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Fenugreek, an herb with a nutty flavor whose seeds are used whole or ground in Asian cuisines, has never been linked to allergies—until now.
Researchers at the Institute of Science in Bombay, India, are exploring the possibility that the combination of powders from fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) may cause allergic reactions in people who are not allergic to either of the herbs alone. Chickpea also is an ingredient in many Asian dishes.
In a 1996 double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, researchers found three cases of allergic reaction to the combination among thirty people—ten with and twenty without food allergies. The study participants had been asked to eat chickpea powder, then were given a skin-scratch sensitivity test for fenugreek seeds. Two people with known food allergies and one person without reacted to the skin test, yet none of the three had shown an allergic reaction to either fenugreek or chickpea powder alone.
Fenugreek and the chickpea are members of the Leguminosae, or legume, family, which also includes peanuts, soybeans, and green peas. It will take more research to see whether fenugreek seed powder causes allergic reactions when combined with other members of the legume family.
Patil, S. P., et al. “Allergy to Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum).” Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology 1997, 78:297–300.
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<urn:uuid:c68aeeb1-dd33-4f49-aaa6-8d7baeca10d2>
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://www.motherearthliving.com/Health-and-Wellness/Capsules-Fenugreek-chickpea-combination-may-breed-allergic-reactions-5
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320070.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623151757-20170623171757-00561.warc.gz
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en
| 0.936973
| 341
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Estimation Fascination (division version) is a great math center activity that will help students with the tricky skill of estimating. This is a very important skill before students start using the standard division algorithm because it will allow them to check their answers for reasonableness. Additionally, estimating with division can be difficult because students cannot just round, they must find compatible numbers.
In this center activity, students will build a number using the included number cards. Students will then change their numbers to nearby numbers that are compatible so that they can use mental math to make an estimation of the quotient of the two numbers they originally drew.
This activity is quick and easy to put together for a fun and helpful math center. This center is nice because it helps practice multiple skills beyond estimating like changing expanded form to standard form (when drawing the number cards), finding compatible numbers, and practicing mental math.
Please see the preview file for complete product details.
This activity is aligned to the following TEKS: 5.3.A
This activity is aligned to the following Common Core State Standards: 4.OA.A.3
****Looking for more multiplication and division estimation activities?****
Save money by getting this product in a bundle!
Estimation: Multiplication and Division Activity Bundle
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<urn:uuid:04f8b77e-0040-4435-85f2-64150eebe99c>
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Division-Whole-Number-Estimation-Math-Center-Activity-2085592
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en
| 0.914881
| 259
| 4.0625
| 4
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Scientists have developed a new material containing soap like molecules, that they hope will help clean up the mess in the Gulf of Mexico. The substance can turn oil into a solid gel - and then back into oil by melting the gel, and then reused.
According to Discovery News, However, its developers haven't confirmed yet if it can be used on a large scale.
Larger scale experiments are needed to examine its safety, effectiveness and cost in a full-scale oil spill.
George John of the City College of New York and Srinivasa Raghavan of the University of Maryland developed the compound.
When the molecules hit water, the molecules create a sponge-like network of fibres that strongly attract oil and repel water.
The oil is drawn into the fibre network, swelling the "sponge" creating oil-swollen gel that's strong enough to be scooped up with a slotted spoon.
Another advantage is the light weight, so they can't sink to the bottom of the ocean. Also, the new material is made of non-toxic components used in food, John said.
Larger scale experiments are still necessary to determine how the material would behave outside the laboratory in a real spill situation, he said.
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<urn:uuid:6ecf06e2-3e36-4cd2-a794-f6c966b135cd>
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://www.medindia.net/news/Clean-Up-Oil-Spill-With-New-Material-That-Turns-Oil-into-Solid-Gel-72415-1.htm
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320257.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624101204-20170624121204-00641.warc.gz
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en
| 0.943344
| 255
| 3.609375
| 4
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In this tutorial we will Create iWatch Activity Chart using d3.js. Here we will use almost all the features we have learnt so far on Pie Chart. We will create multiple functions to reuse the code as much as possible.
So far we have learnt many ways to create progress chart using d3.js. In this Create custom progress chart using d3.js – Part1 tutorial we will learn how to animate an object (e.g. Icon) along with the progress indicator.
You can refer my previous post on How to create Progress chart using d3.js in case you are not able understand any part here.
This is a quick tutorial on how to Create Pie Area Chart using d3.js. While we are exploring different ways of creating the Pie chart, its very easy and simple to create the Pie Area Chart.
This is the first tutorial of the Create Pie Charts using D3.js series. We will Create a Simple Pie Chart using D3.js and build our foundation so that we can create more unique and useful charts.
I am using the latest version of the d3.js. Lets look at the HTML code. We are having a
widget. It has two div, one for the header and another for the chart.
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<urn:uuid:9a09148d-f03b-4a63-964f-fb4af615b97d>
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://www.adeveloperdiary.com/tag/pie-chart/
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en
| 0.846302
| 262
| 2.53125
| 3
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Hi Teachers. This is a power point presentation that shows some expressions of quantity used for both countable and countable nouns. It has a TOEFL orientation. It will be helpful if you are teaching a TOEFL preparation class. At the end, it has some examples to show how they are tested on TOEFL exams, PBT.
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<urn:uuid:243caf6e-fd73-4a00-a843-904ebb05a525>
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://busyteacher.org/12778-expressions-of-quantity.html
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en
| 0.944045
| 72
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Venue: Pollock Stage
by William Shakespeare
Running Time: Approx 120 minutes
Parental Guidance: Appropriate for Middle School and Up
An STC Young Professionals Conservatory production.
King Alonso of Naples and his entourage sail home for Italy after attending his daughter Claribel’s wedding in Tunis, Africa. They encounter a violent storm, or Tempest. Everyone jumps overboard and are washed ashore on a strange island inhabited by the magician Prospero who has deliberately conjured up the storm. Prospero is in fact the rightful Duke of Milan who had been put to sea to die with his three-year-old daughter Miranda by his brother, Antonio who was in league with of King Alonso.
Prospero and Miranda live in a cave on the island which is also inhabited by Ariel, a sprite who carries out the bidding of Prospero, and the ugly, half human Caliban. Caliban deeply resents Prospero as he believes that he is the rightful ruler of the island. He plots with some of King Alonso’s company to murder Prospero. Miranda and Ferdinand fall deeply in love. Ariel rebukes King Alonso for his previous plotting against Prospero. More plots against Prospero are developed but they fail thanks to his magic. The play ends with all offenders repenting, even Caliban. Prospero regains his dukedom, Ariel calms the Tempest and everyone, except Caliban, leaves the island.
The themes discussed in the Tempest are freedom, friendship , repentance and forgiveness.
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Richmond, VA (March 6, 2017) - To explore more deeply into our solar system, NASA wants new spacecraft to be made of advanced ultra-high strength material — and has tapped a university-led team to deliver it.
The new NASA-sponsored multidisciplinary Space Technology Research Institute (STRI) will incorporate the work of Ibrahim Guven, Ph.D., assistant professor in the VCU School of Engineering Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, to ensure that this cutting-edge material won’t fail.
The STRI focuses on developing aerospace structural material for next-generation transit vehicles, habitats, power systems and other exploration systems. Guven is part of Ultra-Strong Composites by Computational Design (US-COMP), which is made up of 22 faculty members from 11 universities as well as industry partners and the U.S. Air Force Research Lab. The team, led by principal investigator Gregory Odegard, Ph.D., the Richard and Elizabeth Henes Professor of Computational Mechanics at Michigan Technological University, will receive up to $15 million over five years.
Odegard said, “We are fortunate to have the best researchers in their respective fields from across the country on the US-COMP team. Dr. Guven will be part of the team that will develop computational models to help speed up the material development.”
Gary Tepper, Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, said, “Dr. Guven’s expertise in fracture and failure analysis of engineering systems using computational methods is widely recognized. His participation on this important NASA program will advance the understanding of high strength material performance in space applications.”
The group intends to deliver a composite material that makes use of engineered carbon nanotubes and will be much lighter—but much stronger—than what is currently available.
Guven said, “Whenever you talk about a spacecraft, especially a manned spacecraft, you have to talk about exit from and re-entry to Earth. We want to be able to make sure that the new material that this STRI is promising to deliver can have superior impact resistance and resistance to failure.”
Computational modeling allows researchers to predict, based on physics and mathematical formulations, whether under certain conditions the material will break, and where. “It provides a virtual laboratory,” Guven said. Being able to test different hypotheses quickly guides experimental work, saving money and time.
To analyze what would happen if an object struck a composite material, Ibrahim Guven, Ph.D., uses computational modeling to predict how the material would deform and sustain damage. On the left is a view of the overall damage to the composite material. A close-up view of the same impact, on the right, shows details of each layer of that material.
Barbara D. Boyan, Ph.d., dean of the School of Engineering, said, “VCU’s School of Engineering is excited to be able to contribute to this important initiative. Dr. Guven’s skills in non-destructive testing and modeling complex materials are well suited to meet the challenges of this new technology.”
Other members of the institute are from Florida State University, University of Utah, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Florida A&M University, Johns Hopkins University, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Minnesota, Pennsylvania State University and University of Colorado. Industry partners include Nanocomp Technologies and Solvay. The group will meet twice a year.
Funding for the institute comes from NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, responsible for developing new technologies.
Another STRI, also receiving $15 million over five years, is called the Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space (CUBES). It seeks to develop technologies to allow mission crews to make their own fuel, materials, pharmaceuticals and food for long missions. The two institutes are the first such entities.
Guven said that as someone who is personally fascinated by space studies, he was looking forward to working on a NASA project. “This is very important for VCU,” he said. “It is very exciting.”
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A coup d'état occurred in Kiev, Ukraine, in late August 2017, carried out by a faction of the Ukrainian Armed Forces and supported by politicians of the Ukrainian opposition. Military officers, dissatisfied with the corruption and incompetence of the Government of Ukraine, seized control of key government buildings in Kiev on 24 August 2017. President Petro Poroshenko and Prime Minister Volodymyr Groisman were both arrested at their residences, along with many other high-ranking officials. Fighting against pro-government forces and police continued on 25 August, with thousands of civilian protestors coming out onto the streets to support the uprising. It was not until early evening of the next day that the coup faction's troops took full control of the capital. The ringleader of the coup, General of the Army Oleksandr Kuzmuk, proclaimed the creation of a Ukrainian Transitional Government on 27 August 2017.
Since the revolution in 2014 and the beginning of the civil war in southeastern Ukraine, the economic and political situation in the country continued to deteriorate. Two of the country's most industrialized regions became warzones, while trade with Russia, Ukraine's main economy partner, greatly diminished. Despite assistance from the World Bank, the Ukrainian GDP fell by 6.8% in 2014 and the economy overall shrank by 12% in 2015. The Ukrainian hryvna lost nearly 70% of its value against the US dollar. In December of that year, Ukraine entered a state of default on its debt to Russia. Unemployment and poverty soared, causing discontent among the people and frequent protests across the country.
Meanwhile, the Ukrainian Government failed to implement necessary reforms in order to eliminate corruption and improve the economy. The Vekhovna Rada, the country's parliament, was indecisive and failed to make any meaningful changes over the course of the two years since the ouster of President Viktor Yanukovych. His successor, Petro Poroshenko, was widely viewed as incompetent and by 2016 had an approval rating of less than 20%. A crisis was barely averted when it came time for Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk to resign and find a replacement, with former Vinnytsia mayor Volodymyr Groisman eventually becoming his successor. Political instability intensified as far right groups, including Right Sector and Svoboda, began calling for another regime change in the first half of 2016. Protests by regular citizens also increased. Morale of the Ukrainian remained low during this period, and disillusionment among army officers was widespread.
It was at this time that retired General of the Army of Ukraine Oleksandr Kuzmuk, former Minister of Defense (1996—2001, 2004—2005) and parliamentarian from the pro-Yanukovych Party of Regions, decided to organize a regime change in order to save the country from total collapse. He used his military connections to get in touch with dissatisfied officers of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, particularly those part of Operational Command "North" of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. They had authority over the defense of Kiev and could use their forces to arrest members of the government. Kuzmuk plotted during late spring and throughout the summer of 2016 with these officers, which grew to include members of the Air Force and National Guard. He also came into contact with some other opposition political leaders, including the "Committee for Salvation of Ukraine", a self-proclaimed government in exile based in Moscow, Russia. It was led by Yanukovych's former prime minister, Mykola Azarov, who approved Kuzmuk's plan.
With no signs that drastic change in the situation was forthcoming, Kuzmuk decided on carrying out a coup d'etat, setting the date for 24 August 2016.
At 22:00 on 24 August, a broadcast on Ukraine's Channel 1 news station was made, where the anchor read a statement from the coup faction. It proclaimed itself to be the Salvation Committee of Ukraine, with the objectives of restoring stability, economic growth, and ending the war in Donbass. The following day, another broadcast announced that the committee chairman was retired General of the Army of Ukraine Oleksandr Kuzmuk, with the vice chairman being reitred General of the Army Mykola Lytvyn. The committee's presidium consisted of ten high-ranking officers, including Kuzmuk and Lytvyn. The coup forces had the benefit of being led by a large number of officers, both currently serving and older veterans who came out of retirement in order to "save the country." In addition to Ground Forces troops, there were also pilots from two aviation brigades stationed near the capital and some radicals from the National Guard.
The upper echelons of the Armed Forces was split. Some General Staff officers supported the coup, including a number of generals, while others remained loyal to the government. Much of the staff of Operational Command 'North' joined the coup. At least fifteen generals sided with the Salvation Committee.
According to reports, soldiers and officers from the following military units took part in the uprising:
- Ground Forces
- 1st Guards Tank Brigade
- 72nd Guards Mechanized Brigade
- 58th Motorized Infantry Brigade
- 95th Airmobile Brigade
- 26th Artillery Brigade
- Air Force
- 40th Tactical Aviation Brigade
- 15th Transport Aviation Brigade
- National Guard
- 27th Independent Brigade
Their total numbers were unknown, but estimated by the interior ministry to be around 20,000—25,000 troops and 50,000 civilian supporters.
As reported, around 20:30 local time on 24 August 2016, soldiers and military vehicles began to enter the city of Kiev, blocking the main roads and clearingout public places. Officers ordered citizens to go home and stay indoors. Kiev police were ordered to continue their work without interfering in the soldiers' assignments, although the chief of National Police, Khatia Dekanoidze, later stated that the military claimed it was part of a counterterrorism training exercise. The coup forces blocked government buildings, including the presidential Mariyinsky Palace, his other official residences in Kiev, ministry buildings, the Verkhovna Rada, military and Security Service headquarters, and several banks.
President Petro Poroshenko and Prime Minister Volodymyr Groisman were both detained initially, but managed to escape as their bodyguards put up resistance. They were pursued by soldiers and were unable to contact anyone as they did not have phones on them. By 21:30, Groisman was captured and taken into custody, though Poroshenko and his guards held out at another residence of his.
Around 21:40, skirmishes began breaking out between policemen and soldiers at the Interior Ministry. Reportedly, a military officer ordered everyone to remain inside, but a policeman overheard that a coup was in progress. Several police officers tried to break out of the army cordon, which resulted in a gunfight. A similar situation occurred at the military headquarters and the Defense Ministry, which were aware that there were no planned military exercises. Communications were cut from their buildings, but the personnel inside tried to force their way out.
The gunfire alerted citizens and other government officials that something was wrong, and soon the situation in Kiev became more chaotic. Some anti-government protestors went outside to support the mutinous soldiers, with the news spreading that a coup had begun.
At 22:00, the Channel 1 news station (which was taken over by the coup faction) played a broadcast in which an army officer read a statement. It announced that the President and Prime Minister were in custody and that an interim Salvation Committee was in power in order to "prevent Ukraine from collapsing" and "protect the Ukrainian people from the ruling oligarchs." He also urged all citizens to not resist and for all military and police personnel to surrender to the Committee.
Around 22:20, army troops surrounded the Boryspil International Airport and the smaller Zhulyany Airport. Flights continued as normal, and it was stated the soldiers were there for extra security.
By 23:00, large crowds formed in front of the occupied Verkhovna Rada building, some protesting the coup, others supporting it. Clashes broke out in different districts of Kiev that night as the army attempted to secure the city.
President Poroshenko made a statement at 01:30 on the morning of 25 August, having left his residence under heavy guard by police officers and agents of the State Security Administration.
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Obesity in children can be beaten one child at a time if little steps are correctly taken. Most kids that are overweight can begin a smooth process that can be incorporated into their lives on a daily basis -to lose weight.
Three little changes can make a world of difference in a person's life,
if these changes are significant and implemented.
#1 -Eliminate or Reduce Sugar to Beat Obesity in Children
Eliminate or reduce sugar from your kid's diet as soon as possible.
Refined sugar is a major contributor to weight gain. Watch foods that come into your home that contain sugar. Read the labels on food packages and refuse any food that has more than 5 grams of sugar.
This is not an easy choice since cereals, pasta, juices and most of the foods kids like contain more than 5 grams of sugar. However there are alternatives that can make meals taste just as good as the sugary foods.
-Try using sugar substitutes such as Splenda as a substitute for the real sugar.
#2 -Eliminate Pop and Fruit Juices to Fight Childhood Obesity
A team of nutritionists and medical doctors called "The Society of Obesity" did a 10 year study and found soda beverages are guilty of creating the obesity crisis in children.
These studies confirmed that as soda and pop increased in American consumption, water, milk and other healthy drinks declined in consumption.
The conclusion was that for every year that pop increased -so did obesity.
-The society of obesity found that drinking soda was as bad as tobacco was and even wanted soda to come with warning labels like cigarette packages from the attorney general.
#3 -Find an Exercise Routine to Fight Childhood Obesity
You don't have to sign your kids up for a triathlon to eliminate obesity.
All it takes is a brisk walk around the block or a good game of basketball to get their hearts pumping and their glands sweating to begin the weight loss.
-Finding childrens games that are fun and easy can be the trick to making exercise easy. Take them out and play four squares with your kids or find a good hula hoop to shake the fat off their hips and stomach.
Do you remember a game of hop scotch? It burns calories and gives a great workout, and kids will never know they are exercising.
Jumping rope is one of the best cardiovascular workouts available. Have your kids jump rope while mom and dad swing the rope to an old school rhyme.
-This will create a family workout that can be fun, and good for everyone!
These three tips are just ways to get your mind started in the right direction. Reducing sugar, eliminating soda and finding an exercise routine has been proven to make a huge impact on your kid's weight and their overall health.
And the great news is that as we fight to beat obesity in children we will also become healthy and less obese ourselves thus making the whole family healthier for years to come.
Terrence Silver a former National Golden Glove boxing champion teaches jumping rope to lose weight for children and youth as well as adults.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Terrence_Silver
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Tea taste varies from teas to teas. Some feature for their own fresh tastes like Longjing tea, some are famous for their mellow taste or thick mouthfeel, as in the case of Puer tea. Psychological and physical differences also vibrate our personal bias for or against a kind of tea. Some people often use words “sea sedge” “chicken soup” “summer grass” to describe a kind of tea they first met. How strange and complicated! But one thing is clear. Amino acid included in tea has connection with that.
We more or less know amino acids which are not unfamiliar for all of us and can be found in milk power, health food, eggs and what not. Moreover, the positive effects of Amino acids for our health are important and cannot be substituted by other things. It is estimated that there are about 1%-4% amino acid in tea leaves, 26 kinds in total (20 proteinogenic amino acids/ 6 nonprotein amino acids). Among them L-Theanine, Aminoglutaric acid, Asparaginic acid, Arginine are most common.
When tea plant grows, it always needs Nitrogen which is assimilated by roots and transported into others parts of plant such as branches, leaves and buds. Day after day, year by year, along with the tea plants growth, more and more amino acids accrue to tea leaves. It is one of the substances which not only play an essential role in tea growth but also influence tea quality.
Most of amino acids in teas taste fresh, and sweet, but a little part of them taste slightly tarnish.
So teas with different amino acids has varied flavors, some tend to be more sweet, or more sweet even mellow. All above tastes, actually, are decided by amino acids and their own levels of distribution in teas.
TP (tea polyphenol), Amino acid, Caffeine are regarded as three basic “condiments” in tea water. Different levels and proportion of them surely can make a big difference when we taking about taste and flavor of one tea. Besides, parts of amino acids have their own flavors such as sweet, sea sedge, fresh and so forth. If you have personal experience with Japanese teas and premium Chinese teas you would know this better as these teas are high in Amino acid.
When buying teas, in consideration of the health effects, we should focus on those teas which are in high content of amino acid. Under this standard, there seem to be many candidates here, but I will tell you one tricky by which you can find what you really want. As a side note, this trick is not absolutely right, but in most cases it does well. That is “more furs, more amino acid”.
Now, I will tell you why we think teas with more tiny furs are in high amino acid. Have you ever seen a layer of silver fur (some newbies may call it dust) floating on the surface of tea water? Those tiny furs are not dust, of course, which grew along with fresh tender leaves till we harvested and processed them, later, became an essential part or “measurement” of quality for some teas. The more furs they have, the more amino acid they contain. Actually, some Chinese teas are famous for those tiny things and named after them, like Longjing tea and Silver needle tea. So, next time, when you go to tea store, check them carefully to ensure that you will not get the real dust.
The distribution and amount of amino acid in teas are heavily affected by its species, growing environment, cultivation/proceeding methods and such, in the final analysis, abided by its own physical/chemical property.
Species of tea plant: Statistical study shows that small leaf species contains more amino acid than big leaf species and that Tender young leaves/buds tend to be high in amino acid too. It’s no surprise that there are lots of people stick to tender teas, feeling that tender tea is the best - - though may be a little bit partial here, it makes sense anyhow.
Cultivation environment: Generally, high annual temperature and strong sunlight is against the accumulation of amino acid in tea leaves. On the same latitude, teas come from high altitude mountains have higher content of amino acid than low altitude teas. This is one of the reasons why there is an expression says “high mountains wreathed in clouds produce good teas”.
Cultivation/ proceeding methods: In Japan, tea farmers often overshade their tea trees in order to make them accumulate more amino acid and have a good taste. Different proceeding methods also make difference, among all the six basic teas, non-fermented green tea and fermented tea are high in amino acid, mainly because of their own preceding methods. For green tea, there is no fermentation process happened during the whole process so a large amount of amino acid naturally formed when grows, in contrast, the accumulation of amino acid in dark teas heavily depends on microorganism.
L-theanine (also known as just theanine) is an amino acid found in tea, since ancient times, it has been said that drinking green tea brings relaxation. The substance that is responsible for a sense of relaxation is Theanine.
Theanine increases brain levels of gamma amino butyric acid, a calming neurotransmitter, while caffeine decreases it. Theanine also affects levels of both serotonin and L-dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain. Serotonin is one of the major mood-enhancing neurotransmitters, and dopamine is our "reward" neurotransmitter. By shutting down the "worry" mode and increasing the ability to concentrate and focus one's thoughts, as measured by increased generation of brain alpha waves, some believe that theanine even makes learning easier.
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I. Criminal liability and types of penalties
Criminal liability is generally made up of two elements: (1) the guilty act or omission known as the "actus reus", and (2) the prohibited state of mind or guilty mind known as the "mens rea". The mental element generally requires the proof of an intention on the part of the person who commits the criminal act .
Most criminal offences require the co-existence of the above two elements (i.e. actus reus and mens rea) at the same time. The concept is derived from the Latin expression “ actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea ”, which means that "the act will not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty". For example, a person is not guilty of murder if he caused the death of another person by accidentally knocking him down with his car. The mens rea for the offence of murder requires an intention to kill another person or cause him very serious bodily injury, which is lacking in this example. However, this person may have committed the offence of dangerous driving causing death because the mens rea requires in such an offence is an intention to drive the car, which is present in the example. Whether this person is guilty of that offence depends on whether he committed the actus reus , i.e. whether he drove his car in a dangerous manner as defined in the legislation (see question 4 under Case Illustration).
In some special cases, known as "strict liability offences", there may not be any prohibited state of mind necessary and only a guilty act is sufficient for criminal liability. An example can be found in sections 8 and 10 of the Water Pollution Control Ordinance. Under these sections, any person commits an offence if he discharges any polluting matter into the waters of Hong Kong in a water control zone. There is no need to prove that the offender knew the existence of pollutants in the materials he discharged or that he intended to pollute the water.
It should also be noted that under the Hong Kong legal system, everyone is presumed innocent until the person has been proven guilty. Hence a person will only be treated as guilty of an offence if he or she is convicted by the court. Upon conviction, that person will be sentenced (i.e. punished) by the court (see question 2 below).
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VOLCANOES. What is a volcano?. A volcano is a weak spot in the crust where magma comes to the surface. Volcanoes are a constructive force (adds new rock to existing crust). http://gvc1007.gvc10.virtualclassroom.org/volcanoes.html. Where do volcanoes form?.
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volcanoes form at oceanic
Ring of Fire:
Belt of volcanoes that surrounds the Pacific Plate (convergent boundaries)
are furthest from
hot spot; newest
A bowl shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano.
Any opening in a volcano
A long tube connecting the magma chamber to the surface
Where magma collects beneath a volcano
Shield Volcano— low and broad in shape
Mauna Loa—located on the big island of Hawaii, largest volcano on Earth
Sunset Crater(Arizona) — among the largest cinder cones in the world
Elevation before eruption: 9,677ft.
Elevation after eruption: 8,377 ft.
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Education is a core issue for men and boys, and can be categorized into three main areas: educational attainment, misandry, and civil rights. All three are severely entrenched problems.
Graduation data from the National Center for Education Statistics demonstrates that the graduation rates of men and boys are on a steep decline with no end in sight:
As educational attainment among male students has declined over the last 40 years, the requirement of postsecondary education in the workforce has radically increased. The chart to the right is an excerpt from a presentation by Judith Loredo, Assistant Commissioner for the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, at the 2012 Project MALES Symposium at UT Austin:
Also, men and boys in education:
Commit 80% of suicides (overall). College men ages of 18-24 commit suicide at six times the rate of women. Sources here and here.
Are twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD and 80% of those put on Ritalin (lower ed). Sources here and here
Are 75% of students diagnosed with learning disabilities. Source here.
Are 33% more likely than girls to drop out of high school. Source: Peg Tyre, “The Trouble with Boys.” Newsweek, January 30, 2006. Data cited from U.S. Department of Education.
Are much less likely to participate in student government, academic clubs, music, the performing arts, and student clubs. Source here.
Are suspended twice as often and expelled three times as often as girls (lower ed). Source here.
By age 12, boys are 60% more likely to have repeated at least one grade. Source: Peg Tyre, “The Trouble with Boys.” Newsweek, January 30, 2006. Data from U.S. Department of Education.
Receive the majority of Ds and Fs and the minority of As (lower ed). Source: Dr. Michael Gurian and Kathy Stevens, The Minds Of Boys: Saving Our Sons from Falling Behind in School and Life. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005.
These gender inequities are apparent across the lines of race and class, but tend to be more severe among male students of color.
The gap between male and female students in literacy skills is six times the gender gap in math skills (where boys are ahead). Source: Educational Testing Services (ETS) Gender Study, “Trends by Subject, Fourth through Twelfth Grades,” Figure 2-1. Cited in Misreading Masculinity by Thomas Newkirk, p. 35.
The number of boys who said they did not like school rose 71% between 1980 and 2001. Source: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Monitoring the Future Study, 1980 to 2001. Cited in National Center for Education Statistics, Trends in Educational Equity of Girls and Women: 2004, p. 45, Figure 13: “How do you feel about school?”
Misandry is sexism against men and boys. It can be expressed in a myriad of ways. For a detailed and extensive definition, please see the page on misandry. Here are two examples:
When two young men were exonerated after being falsely accused of date rape at Vassar College, the Assistant Dean of Students Catherine Comins said: "Men who are falsely accused of rape can sometimes gain from the experience. They have a lot of pain, but it is not a pain that I would necessarily have spared them. I think it ideally initiates a process of self-exploration. 'How do I see women?' 'If I didn't violate her, could I have?' 'Do I have the potential to do to her what they say I did?' Those are good questions."
Here is a poster that for years was hung on the window of the Women's Resource Center at the University of Ottawa in Canada (source here):
The most pervasive civil rights violations in schools today are free speech and due process violations. This is especially true for men and boys accused of sexual misconduct. For examples, see blog posts and videos (below) on The April 4th Directive (higher education) and Sexual Harassment Hysteria in Lower Education.
More on this page will be added in the future.
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2D.4.1 Explain how the Hardy–Weinberg equation is derived. TT = p2 = freq of homoz domTt = pq = freq of heterozygotett = q2 = freq of homoz recPunnett Square... Tt x Ttp2 + 2pq + q2 = 100% (1)p = freq of dominant alleleq = freq of recessive allele
3D.4.2 Calculate allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies for two alleles of a gene, using the Hardy–Weinberg equation.Examples from class!
4--a population is large --with random mating D.4.3 State the assumptions made when the Hardy–Weinberg equation is used. It must be assumed that:--a population is large--with random mating--constant allele frequency over timeThis implies--no allele-specific mortality--no mutation--no emigration--no immigration
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Austrian Black and Tan Hound is thought to be the true descendant of the original Celtic Hound, although there is no known history of the Austrian Black and Tan Hound until after the middle of the 19th century. This large sized hound was used for tracking wounded game, most commonly hare, in high altitudes.
Austrian Black and Tan Hound or Austrian Shorthaired Bracke, was developed in Austria. In its homeland this breed is known as the Brandlbracke, which is derived from the German word, brand, which translates into fire. This is for the “little marks of fire red” throughout their coat. The Austrian Black and Tan Hound has been a recognized as a breed since 1883.
Austrian Black and Tan Hounds are exclusively kept for hunting hare and fox.
Austrian Black and Tan Hound has a keen sense of smell. Its an elegant runner, used in all sorts of game. It has a lovely voice, and makes an great pet due to its good-natured personality. It is not a dog wanting to be in a city. A suitable home will be in a rural area where the dog will have lots of space to run unrestricted by a leash. It loves to work.
The Austrian Black and Tan Hounds have the same general type and build as many of the German hounds. This breed stands between 18-23 inches, with the males larger than the females, and weigh in at 33-49 pounds. Their ears are medium in length and lie flat with rounded tips, while their tails are long and slightly bent. They have a short, dense coat that is primarily black with tan markings that range from light to dark in shade. Two fawn marks above the eyes are a requirement in the standard for the Austrian Black and Tan Hound, which give the appearance of eyebrows.
Austrian Black and Tan Hounds are scenthounds that are almost exclusively kept for hunting hare and fox. This breed is almost never kept as solely as a pet, their homes are found with hunters who prize them for their silent trailing and ability to work with cold scents. The Austrian Black and Tan Hound is most often used for hunting in the mountains.
Austrian Black and Tan Hound needs daily exercise. The breed will only require a once-a-week brushing and only bathing when necessary. Nails need to be trimmed regularly and ears need to be cleaned every day to avoid ear infections. There are no genetic diseases known to affect the Austrian Black and Tan Hound dog breed, they are fairly healthy, and live up to 12 to 14 years of age.
Austrian Black and Tan Hound ( Brandlbracke ) Videos
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When Inventor introduced the enhancement that you could select an edge and all it’s tangents this was very exciting news but when trying to do anything with them it seemed that that was it. You could just select edges or faces and tangencies. What use could that be? I am glad to announce that they have added functionality that is useful to this now. In the sketch environment you can select an edge and it’s tangency when using the project geometry command. In the part environment you can delete tangent faces and also make use of the chamfer and fillet command.
3D PDF creation has also bolstered itself by being created more quickly. Remember time is money.
As an additional workflow enhancement you can now cross/window select multiple profiles when using the Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Coil, Chamfer, and Fillet commands.
For all you engravers out there Inventor has added a particular function just for you. Convert sketch text to sketch geometry. To convert the text it is as easy as right clicking on the text and selecting the Convert to Geometry button on the right click menu. The result that you get is not associated with the text anymore so if you do change the text and want to convert it to sketch geometry, you will have to do it again. The sketch geometry is also very simple. Eg lines, arcs and circles.
In my previous blog I mentioned that there very good guided tutorials for beginners to advanced but with R3 in Inventor 2017 you can create your own tutorials and you can share them either publicly (everyone in the world) or privately (within your own company)
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Jim Gockowski presenting the results of a study linking
fertilizer use and deforestation in West Africa
Research carried out among Farmer Field Schools in Ghana has shown that fertilizer use would have averted the clearing of 7 million ha of Guinea forest land in West Africa for crops such as cassava, cocoa and yams in the last 20 years.
This, in turn, would have prevented some 1.4 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide being emitted into the atmosphere valued between US$2.8 billion and US$42 billion. This could have also saved thousands of species in the region from becoming extinct. This was reported by Jim Gockowski, an IITA Agricultural Economist and one of the researchers involved in study, during one of the sessions on Natural Resources Management at R4D Week 2010.
He added that eventhough there was a steady increase in crop production with the use of fertilizers -- with yields more than doubling when farmers used the recommended amount -- only 4% of the sampled farmers were at that optimal level of fertilizer use.
“Despite the huge loss of forest land, the growth in crop production was insignificant, with cassava increasing only by 0.2%, oil palm by 0.22%, and cocoa by 0.64%,” he said. “We have harmed the environment but we are still way behind our MDG goals because we failed to intensify our agriculture.”
The Guinea forest of West Africa is one of the IUCN's global hotspots covering 1.4% of the earth’s surface and containing 60% of all animal and plant species. It has been heavily deforested by farmer smallholders of cassava, cocoa, and oil palm.
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Each year in Maryland, more than 60 motorcyclists are killed in traffic crashes. That's more than 60 people who will never make it home to their loved ones. Another 1,700 riders and passengers are injured each year, on average. Drivers and Riders have the responsibility to share the road safely. Whoever is at fault in the crash, the motorcyclist always loses. Because the operator of a motorcycle is not protected by the vehicle like the occupant of a car, motorcyclists are injured in more than 80% of crashes. To prevent motorcycle crashes, both drivers and riders have to follow the rules of the road and pay attention to some important safety tips.
Riders – Protect yourself with Knowledge, Skills and Attitude
Click here to see how awareness and training can keep you upright and rolling.
Drivers – You Can Save a Life by Looking Twice for Motorcycles
Motorists need to be aware of how their actions can impact the safety of motorcyclists and learn to share the road safely with motorcyclists. When there is a crash involving a car and a motorcycle, the car driver is at fault more than half of the time. Many motorcycle crashes happen because the driver does not "see" the motorcyclist.
Why Don't Drivers See Motorcyclists?
Motorcyclists are Smaller than Cars
As a driver you probably tend to look for other cars and trucks, not for motorcyclists. And, because a rider and their motorcycle are smaller than a car, they can be harder to see. Motorcycles fit all too easily into a driver's blind spots.
When we talk about blind spots while driving, we usually think about the places we can't see with our mirrors. But did you know that the human eye contains a "blind spot?" There is a portion of the retina (the area of your eye that senses and processes the images that we see) that contains no light-sensitive cells (where the optic nerve attaches to the retina). We normally don't notice it because we see things with both eyes and our brain "fills in the blank." But when vision from one eye is blocked—by a utility pole or tree, for example—a small object might disappear completely from view. Take this simple test to discover your blind spot!
The "A" Pillar
Pillars are the solid vertical or near vertical supports of an automobile's roof. The "A" pillars are the two supports in the front of the car, between your windshield and your front windows. The size and shape of A pillars varies from car to car, but they all create a blind spot in your forward vision while driving. Usually this isn't a problem, but this blind spot could obstruct your view of an oncoming motorcyclist.
Start "Seeing" Motorcyclists
1. Don't think of it as motorcycle; think of it as a motorcyclist, a person. Motorcyclists come from all walks of life. They have family and friends who want to see them make it home, just like you do. Most motorcyclists do a good job following the rules of the road. They do not want to be hit just as much as you don't want to hit them!
2. Start to notice motorcyclists. There are a lot more cars and trucks than motorcycles on the road, and some drivers don't "recognize" a motorcycle. Intentionally look for motorcycles, especially when checking traffic at an intersection. As you drive, take notice of how many motorcyclists you see, the different sizes and shapes of motorcycles. You may be surprised how many motorcyclists you see!
3. A motorcycle may look farther away than it is, due to its size. It may also be difficult to judge a motorcycle's speed. When checking traffic to turn at an intersection or into (or out of) a driveway, a motorcycle may be closer than it looks. Look twice to gauge how fast it's traveling, and if you’re at all unsure if it's safe to proceed, let the motorcyclist pass.
4. Give motorcyclists room. Motorcyclists often slow by downshifting or merely rolling off the throttle, which do not activate the brake light. Following motorcyclists at a safe distance, say 3 or 4 seconds.
5. Motorcyclists adjust position within a lane to be seen more easily and to minimize the effects of road debris, passing vehicles, and wind. Understand that motorcyclists adjust lane position for a purpose, not to be reckless or show off or to allow you to share the lane with them.
Want to learn more?
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Patho is difficult. With anatomy, it's all memorization, but with patho, you have to understand the process and why it happens. It's a totally different ball game. My advice is:
-Study every single day as much as you can.
-Once you have a section down, go to the next one, then go back. If I went back to a previous section and didn't understand it, I knew I still had work to do. It was constant repetition, over and over. Then, when I thought I knew the section, I would go about my day and try to recall it. I would be standing in line at the grocery store and try to recall all the normal ranges of electrolytes or all the steps of nerve conduction. If I couldn't recall a couple steps, I would go back and restudy the section.
-Always review your notes right after class, even if it's for 30 minutes. If you are taught something and then review it that day, you will retain more information b/c it's still fresh. That will go into your long-term memory. If you cram right before a test, you have to relearn it as if it's the first time. That will go into your short-term memory and there's a chance you won't be able to recall it as well as you think.
-(you might laugh at this) but when I had to review something that had multiple processes, I would draw it out and talk out loud to myself and pretend I was teaching someone sitting next to me. If I couldn't explain the pathway of blood through the heart, then I wouldn't be able to do it on an exam. If you can teach it, then you understand it.
- Learn the latin terminology (base) of the each word, not just the whole word itself. Most people basically know what meningitis is. Maybe a brain infection? Well, -itis means inflammation and mening- refers to the meninges of the central nervous system. So, meningitis is inflammation of the meninges....which is caused by an infection that can not only affect the brain, but the spinal cord as well. Encephalitis - enceph(al) means brain...encephalitis is brain inflammation, not necessarily infection. Thorax means chest, lung and pneumo means air, gas...pneumothorax means air in the thorax aka collapsed lung. Based on this, I bet you can guess what pneumocephalus is. So, if you try to learn that hydrocephalus (which is an over collection of fluid in the brain b/c hydro means water,fluid), it will be impossible to just memorize it (b/c there are hundreds of other terms you have to also learn. It becomes confusing). But if you know hydro.....and cephalus...then you can piece the two together and get the question right. If you see a new word, look at it in parts and then piece it together. Never try to just memorize it. For example, esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a word. Break it into 4 words and it makes sense.
-If you think you know a process, try and do it backwards or know the opposite of it. You may be able to follow a drop of blood through the heart from the vena cava to the aorta, but can you trace it from the aorta backwards to the vena cava? See if you can trace the formation of a scab back through to the laceration. If you know it backwards, then you know it forwards. The side effects of hypokalemia are usually opposite hyperkalemia (with exception to toxic states). If something stimulates a process, learn what blocks it.
-Study the pictures in the book. Reading the notes and power points may not turn on the light until you see a picture with with all the dissections, arrows, and labels. It's a difference between someone asking you to remember name vs. seeing a name with a face. Find out what is listed on one side of the table vs the other.
-Know the "why," the "how," and the "when;" not just "what."
-On top of normal studying, dedicate every Sunday to studying your notes (for the week) as if you are taking an exam on monday. Even though my next exam was 4 weeks away, I would have a mock cram session for the week. So, when I had to take the real exam, I had already engrained it in my head weeks ago. Then, I would constantly go back and review the same thing over and over until it was redundant. By the time the exam came around, there was nothing to really study and there was nothing to relearn. It was just quick reviewing.
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Now we're ready to consider how to model conversation on a structural level.
The first question is what underpins the fundamental structure of our proposed dialogue system in terms of progress, input and output. In each case I'll present the usual approach and at least one more left field angle.
- Branching: This is the approach adopted by most interactive systems. They allow for backtracking of differing degrees (Fahrenheit moves inexorably forward, most RPGs work from a central hub with certain paths that can't be rolled back on, while adventure games are usually very forgiving - you can't go wrong. It seems logical not to allow too much backtracking, to reflect the natural flow of conversation.
- Linear: It might seem strange to propose a linear system as an interactive dialogue. Providing the player no control over the topic or direction of conversation isn't necessarily realistic, but it does grant us some unique freedoms: the conversation remains flowing, and it allows us to focus the player's attention on how he's conversing, rather than what he's conversing about. Usually in games we already force certain topics and goals - you may be free to ask about different things in different orders, but if you're talking a key NPC you're going to get to the game-crucial topic sooner or later; everything else is simply context. Fahrenheit or Alpha Protocol do provide decision points attached to story branches, but for the most part there's only really one direction to go in. Instead of providing a bad illusion of freedom, they force the topic of conversation and encourage the player to focus on the degree of success he has within that topic.
- Words / speech: Obviously we usually present dialogue in this fashion. It provides complexity and realism. These are good things.
- Pictorial / other: However, there's another way to do things. We're already familiar with dialogue being presented without any actual words: think The Sims' Simlish, or emoticons. We can represent topics, emotions and decisions entirely visually. Naturally this limits the complexity and depth of what we're doing, but it also provides us a degree of emergent potential that simply cannot be achieved with words. Computers aren't smart enough to construct sentences on the fly, written dialogue will always require a human author, and therefore a prescribed route and set of options. In The Sims, it's possible to interact on more fundamental levels that nonetheless we all understand: humour, romance, physical expressions. Our basic inputs are interpreted by the AI Sims, compared to their personality statistics, and appropriate responses output in the same syntax. It's a system whose complexity could be scaled to a far greater degree, and could allow for far truer narrative freedom.
- List of options: The usual dialogue tree approach, but it's worth noting this is also how we'd select our emoticons and topics if using that sort of representation. Obviously using a predefined list limits massively the possible approaches we can provide, but by using elements less specific than whole sentences (ie images or keywords) we can provide greater flexibility.
- Mini-game: Any mini-game (eg Theme Park's negotiation game detailed previously) is necessarily going to be quite an abstraction to the degree that I'd not recommend it be the central input mechanic. As demonstrated in Theme Park, though, mini-games can make for useful tools in representing more specific elements of conversation.
- Keywords: This really interests me. What if we allowed the player to type a word to reflect an emotion, or topic, or observation? Obviously interactive fiction has been doing this for years, and it would still require a predefined dictionary set. At the very least, though, it provides a greater sense of freedom, and can handle far more options than a traditional dialogue tree. It also allows us to hide from the player the options available to him, requiring a greater depth of consideration than simply browsing a list.
Now let's consider how to fit and test the conversational traits we've identified in the structures available.
- Simplified implementation: The LA Noire system. Assume animation and voice performance is sufficiently detailed for the player to employ his ability of perception entirely naturally. Requires our input method to allow him to leverage that perception appropriately. This works fine in LA Noire where what is perceived is as simple as telling the truth or lying, and the input method follows the same options, but does it scale to more complex observations? Without providing a large set of red herrings it seems like it would struggle in any context where what the player was perceiving was more specific than truth/lie, because if we give him the option to, say, accuse the merchant of having ulterior motives, he's learnt that it's important from us rather than his own observation of the underlying meaning of the dialogue.
- Keyword implementation: Pre-define certain words in the dialogue and allow the player to either click on them or type them in, which will then lead the conversation in that direction. This wouldn't be used for selecting a topic of conversation necessarily; more so it would allow the player to identify and leverage subtext. Stupid example: "My wife has gone missing, she was wearing her best jewellery, please find her." Player inputs "jewellery motive" and opens up a quest branch where we come to understand the speaker is more concerned about the gold wedding ring than the wife. If this was a trad dialogue tree it'd be an obvious dialogue option; using keywords it becomes a question of the player's insight. Effectively you're asking the player to demonstrate his understanding of ther subtext - what is this person really talking about?
Knowledge: In trad dialogue trees this is usually represented by a variable: if the player pursued dialogue option X previously then provide new dialogue option Y. Perhaps the more challenging approach is to provide the player a bank of collected information: facts or topics he's discovered previously which must be selected specifically at key points. It's still pre-authored, and will be indescribably annoying when ti doesn't work (yes you, LA Noire) but again it does put more emphasis on the player's knowledge, rather than his character's.
Eloquence / Timing: It's hard to allow the player the express eloquence - the natural skills we employ every day (to varying degrees of success) are too complex and numerous to really model (though one could argue the sum of a successful dialogue system would itself be representative of eloquence). At any rate, we certainly don't want to model it as a statistic (+5 charisma) because that's unnatural and unsatisfying. This seems, to me, like a great place to use a mini-game. We allow the player to select his topic or tone, but we apply a modifier based on a mini-game, which will affect the tone, relationship or information presented in the response. What this catches, for me, is that basic buzz of successfully pulling off the perfect one liner; or, more interestingly, knowing exactly what you need to say and entirely failing to communicate it.
Group Formation: This is the only trait which makes sense to model as a straight set of statistics. Social standing is something that's affected by conversations and actions previously undertaken, and which can only be affected by the same in the future. It's commonly modelled very simplistically in RPGs - eg if character X likes you more than 50% then dialogue option Y appears. It could, naturally, be extended. If you're using threats, is the character aware of previous instances where you've backed down? If you're trying to lead a conversation, are there enough people in the group who already respect you as a leader?
In 'Part 3: The System' we'll complete our overview of the traits by looking at self-control vs personal expression, and finally tie everything together into something vaguely resembling a coherent system. Maybe. Eyes on the prize this time next week.
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- slide 1 of 5
Introducing your preschoolers to the concept of light may seem like a daunting task. Light is a very complex concept, but by introducing some of these preschool activities about light, you can make it a fun and interesting lesson. Use some of the ideas below to incorporate lessons about the properties of light into your preschool curriculum.
Before beginning your preschool lessons about light, help students understand the unique properties of light with something as simple as flashlights. Have several available in your classroom for children to explore on their own. You may need to give simple instructions for safe flashlight use such as keeping the light away from your eyes, turning off the flashlight when you are finished, and being sure to tell a teacher when the batteries are running down. Show your preschoolers how to shine the light into dark corners, under tables, and up on the ceiling. Try having your morning circle time by flashlight one day. Create caves with blankets for the children to explore with their flashlights.
- slide 2 of 5
Transparent Vs. Opaque
Once the children are confident flashlight users, introduce the concept of transparent versus opaque. Gather several classroom objects and a few flashlights. Explain that light is able to shine through certain objects, and these items are called transparent. Other items, however, will not let light through, and this are called opaque. Create a chart with a large piece of posterboard. Draw a line down the middle of the poster, labeling one side "transparent" and the other side "opaque". With the materials you gathered earlier, allow the children to discuss whether they believe each object selected is opaque or transparent. Write down the children's guesses on the poster. Test the children's theories by shining a flashlight through each object. Have the children record the results.
- slide 3 of 5
Explain that human bodies are opaque, which means the light does not shine through us. On a sunny day, go outdoors and look for your shadows. Pose in many different ways to see how your shadow changes. Using sidewalk chalk, allow the children to trace your shadow or a friend's shadow. If there is a large wall available, try making shadow puppet shapes with your hands. This activity can also be done indoors with flashlights if necessary.
- slide 4 of 5
Using colored cellophane and flashlights, show children that you can change the color of light by placing a colored transparent sheet over it. Allow the children to explore the cellophane and flashlights on their own. Using primary colored cellophane, ask the children what colors they can make by mixing two. What happens when they mix three or more colors?
- slide 5 of 5
- The Magic School Bus Gets A Bright Idea: A Book About Light, by Nancy White and John Speirs
- Oscar and the Moth: A Book About Light and Dark, by Geoff Waring
- Why Can't I Slide Down a Rainbow? Questions About Light, by Sally Hewitt
- Spots of Light: A Book About Stars, by Meachen Rau
- Night Light: A Book About the Moon, by Meachen Rau
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Michael Phelps is an amazing athlete. The most-awarded Olympian of all time, he has collected an incredible amount of hardware for his display case: 23 gold medals, three silver medals and two bronze medals are nothing to scoff at.
He's an icon, an ambassador for his sport and, to quote Jay Z, not just a businessman, but a business, man. Yet, despite all of his accomplishments, because of the Eurocentric nature of swimming, he will never achieve the level of international fame occupied by Usain Bolt.
After Simone Manuel became the first black woman to win a gold medal swimming in the women’s 100-meter freestyle, much was made of the way in which swimming pools have divided Americans. In large metropolitan areas, there were usually segregated spaces for white and black swimmers. Part of why black Americans are stereotyped as being unable to swim stems from racialized assumptions about bone density, but in reality, the reason for the stereotype stems from the lack of access black would-be swimmers had to decent places to learn this skill.
In fact, swimming is such a racially contentious issue in American history that on June 18, 1964, Horace Cort captured a famous photograph showing a man pouring acid in a swimming pool to stop a "swim-in" planned by black and white protesters in Augustine, Fla. The protesters were trying to draw attention to racially segregated recreational facilities.
And yet, America is not alone. Segregated pools are not uniquely American, and racialized propaganda about what happens when an influx of black and brown people gain access to swimming pools is not hard to find in Europe. All over the world, access to swimming pools can be a contentious issue.
Furthermore, swimming is an activity that requires not only access but also leisure and economic means. That is part of why I think Phelps fails to appeal to a world audience. He is a white man in a sport dominated by white people. As Bomani Jones mentioned on The Right Time, Americans love Michael Phelps because he is distinctly American. He gives us bragging rights over other countries. He represents us well, but if you asked anyone outside of America—hell, if you asked anyone not living in the suburbs—who they’d rather emulate, the answer would not be Phelps—it’d be Usain Bolt.
The 6-foot-5 runner from Jamaica is a once-in-a-lifetime talent. He has won the gold medal in the 100-meter in three straight Olympic Games, and he has done so in startling fashion.
In 2008, as a 21-year-old, he set a new world record in the 100-meter by running it in 9.69 seconds. He then set another world record that year by running the 200-meter in 19.30 seconds on his way to another gold medal in the 4-x-100 meter relay. In London, he won the gold again in the 100-meter and 200-meter and was part of the relay team that set the world record in the 4-x-100 meter relay.
And in the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games, he won gold in all of his individual events again, making him the first man to ever win the gold in three straight Olympics in the 100-meter and 200-meter. Bolt’s athletic brilliance is awe-inspiring. We may never see another like him again.
Yet, Bolt is a worldwide phenomenon not just because of how many gold medals he has amassed but also because of the sport in which he dominates. Phelps is a star in a sport that has class and racial barriers. Bolt is a star in a sport in which anyone can participate, if you have shoes—and sometimes shoes are not even required.
Talking to the BBC, Bolt was asked about what he hoped his legacy would be as an Olympian. His response was telling.
“I want to be among the greats,” he said. “Muhammad Ali, Pelé and the like. So, to do that, I have to show up and perform.”
He did not say he hoped he would be remembered alongside Phelps. In fact, Phelps never came up as a great Olympian. This is no shade to Phelps, but it does speak to the fact that there is a difference between being an American great and being a great athlete in the eyes of the world.
Ali excelled in boxing, where there have been few historical obstacles to accessing the sport. Pelé is widely regarded as the best professional footballer to ever play the game, and soccer remains a sport where there are few economic and racial barriers to entry. Bolt stated that he wanted to be remembered among these men because these are men who were considered phenomenons in sports played by the world—not just by those who have the privilege necessary to gain access.
Phelps is a great Olympian—no one is denying that—but he will never be Usain Bolt. The sprinting phenom from Jamaica means something to people around the world that a swimmer never could. Phelps is great, but "the Big Man From Kingston" is GOAT.
Lawrence Ware is a progressive writer in a conservative state. A frequent contributor to Counterpunch and Dissent magazine, he is also a contributing editor of NewBlackMan (in Exile) and the Democratic Left. He has been featured in the New York Times and discussed race and politics on HuffPost Live, NPR and Public Radio International. Ware’s book on the life and thought of C.L.R. James will be published by Verso Books in the fall of 2017. Follow him on Twitter.
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In 2000, Eekels published a paper that among other things discussed a type of inference called innoduction, which is supposed to capture some aspects of design creativity. I don’t think it’s necessary to develop a whole new style of inference, and that the usual inference styles – particularly abduction – can do the job admirably.
There are three commonly used kinds of logical inference. Deduction was the earliest formalized form of inferring new facts from old ones. It’s defined by the classic modus ponens rule: p, p ⇒ q; q. It’s read as “If p is true, and p implies q, then q is true also.” This is the kind of inference mechanism made famous by Mr. Spock and Sherlock Holmes.
Induction was developed later, largely to capture the style of reasoning of science. Its main inference rule can be written as: p1 ⇒ q1, p2 ⇒ q2, p3 ⇒ q3,…; p ⇒ q. It’s meant to capture the notion that a sufficiently large number of instances of specific inferences allows one to deduce a general rule about any such instances. It relates to science in that the development of general scientific laws and theories follow from repeated specific experiments. There’s been a lot of work on expanding inductive reasoning in the last few decades, because it seems to mirror so well how humans develop abstract knowledge from specific experiences. Induction is also foundational to evidentialism, a philosophical stance that maintains knowledge is derived from evidence, and that the “stronger” the evidence, the more robust the knowledge.
A third type of inference is abduction. It’s only about 100 years old. In abduction, the deductive modus ponens rule is mucked about with, yielding: q, p ⇒ q; p. An example of abductive reasoning could be: (a) there is blood on the floor; (b) if someone were attacked with a knife, there would be blood on the floor; therefore (c) someone was attacked with a knife. Abduction is often used as a model of scientific explanation. It can also be used to model design reasoning; in this case, q are the requirements and p is a design. The biggest difference between deduction and abduction is that while a deductive conclusion is definite and singular, an abductive conclusion only captures one of many possible alternatives. That is, if we abduce p ⇒ q, q; p, there is no reason to also abduce r ⇒ q, q; r. In science, this means that any one explanation does not necessarily preclude other explanations; in design, this means that one design does not necessarily preclude other designs.
And then there’s innoduction. Eekels proposed innoduction to model innovation and creativity in design. In this kind of inference, the basic rule is written: q; p ⇒ q, p. That is, we start with a single premise, q, and infer from that both p ⇒ q and p. The reason for this, as explained by Roozenburg , is that abduction assumes that the proposed design, p, must exist as a premise of the rule. If it must exist, then it cannot be new. If this is so, then abduction cannot capture any sense of “new designs” or “innovative designs.”
This is not an unreasonable reading of the rule for abductive inference. In making an inference, all the premises must be true for the inference to hold; therefore, the design (idea) must be known before abductive inference can be performed.
However, I think there are two significant problems with this interpretation.
First, Eekels’s and Roozenburg’s arguments against abduction assume that no other reasoning occurs except the abductive inference. If the only reasoning step we can take is the abductive inference, then they are correct, the design must be known before the inference is carried out. However, that’s not how design happens. All other kinds of reasoning can happen, interwoven with the abduction. Indeed, the entire act of designing happens largely between when q (the requirements) is known and p is proposed. The statement p ⇒ q can be read as “the design implies the requirements are met;” it’s essentially the verification step of any design process. Once we have verified that a design satisfies the requirements, then we can claim the design (p) as an abductive conclusion. How exactly the design process is modelled is another question entirely, and is irrelevant to establishing whether abduction makes sense or not.
Second – and this one is quite controversial – is the assumption that there is such a thing as a “new idea.” Innoduction is motivated by the need to capture new ideas, which it is claimed is not the case in abduction. Strictly speaking, though, it is only an assumption that new ideas exist. While at first blush it seems rather obvious that such a thing as a new idea can be developed, it depends on how “new” is defined.
One sense of “new” is that of a creation completely novel, having arisen spontaneously out of nothing from a person’s mind. I disagree that such new ideas exist. Consider the following – admittedly somewhat macabre – thought experiment. Imagine a human being being born in complete sensory isolation and spending its entire life in complete sensory isolation. What would such a human think? Would it think at all? What would it think about? It seems evident that such a human would not think at all because it would lack entirely any inputs to drive that thinking. That is to say, we think because we have sensory inputs to drive that thinking. Everything we think about is driven by something external to our minds, so any idea we have is ultimately grounded in some external input. So the notion of a spontaneous, out-of-nothing idea occurring to anyone just doesn’t make sense.
Another sense of “new” is a relativistic one, based on what is known in a particular range of cases. Where the boundary is set to define the set of cases of pertinence is often an indicator of just how “new” a particular solution might seem. A classic example is Velcro. Within the scope of known fastening technologies of the time, Velcro was certainly a highly innovative (new) product. However, it happens that Velcro was developed as a result of analogical reasoning based on observations of how burrs became trapped in dog fur. So, one cannot say that Velcro was invented “out of nothing;” it was in fact invented as a result of reasoning about external stimuli. Indeed, I cannot find a single instance of a design – no matter how radical or innovative – that wasn’t grounded in reasoning about some other existent phenomena. Under this reading, there really isn’t anything new.
The newness appears when one draws an arbitrary boundary around a particular domain of interest. Velcro is new with respect to fasteners, but not with respect to biological systems; the PalmPilot was new with respect to personal computers, but not with respect to PIMs (which include paper agendas, which were, incidentally, the inspiration for the most fundamental functions of the PalmPilot); the iPhone was new with respect to other phones, but not with respect to atypical uses people had already found for iPods (where each of those atypical uses were new with respect to music players, but not new with respect to other computers of the time).
So, it would appear that innoduction is a form of inference that is unnecessary – what it can do for design theory can also be done by abduction.
- J. Eekels. 2000. On the fundamentals of engineering design science: The geography of engineering design science. Part 1. J. Eng. Design, 11(4):377-397.
- Roozenburg, N.F.M. 2002. Defining synthesis: on the senses and the logic of design synthesis. In Engineering Design Synthesis: Understanding, Approaches and Tools. A. Chakrabarti, ed. Pages 3-16. Springer.
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Evidence of earliest human burial
By Paul Rincon, BBC news archive.
Scientists claim they have found the oldest evidence of human creativity: a 350,000-year-old pink stone axe.
The handaxe, which was discovered at an archaeological site in northern Spain, may represent the first funeral rite by human beings.
It suggests humans were capable of symbolic thought at a far earlier date than previously thought.
Spanish researchers found the axe among the fossilised bones of 27 ancient humans that were clumped together at the bottom of a 14-metre- (45 feet) deep pit inside a network of limestone caves at Atapuerca, near Burgos.
It is the only man-made implement found in the pit.
It may confirm the team’s belief that other humans deposited bodies in the pit deliberately.
Professor Eudald Carbonell, of the Rovira i Virgili University in Tarragona, Spain, and a key member of the team that unearthed the axe, was jubilant about the find.
“It’s a great discovery. This is an interpretation, but in my opinion and the opinion of my team, the axe could be the first evidence of ritual behaviour and symbolism in a human species,” Professor Carbonell said.
“We conclude it could be from a funeral rite,” he added.
The axe is skilfully crafted from quartzite rock, which is abundant in the region.
Handaxes of this type are usually used for butchering animal carcasses for their meat. But the researchers claim the striking colour is crucial to its importance.
“It’s a very special colour,” said Juan Luis Arsuaga, director of the Atapuerca excavation. “They would have needed to search it out. I think this colour had some significance for [these humans],” he added.
The human remains belong to the species Homo heidelbergensis, which dominated Europe around 600,000-200,000 years ago and is thought to have given rise to both the Neanderthals and modern humans (Homo sapiens).
But some researchers, such as Peter Andrews, of the Natural History Museum in London, have proposed that the skeletons were lying elsewhere in the caves and sludged into the pit by a mudflow.
“I’m cautious about its significance,” said Professor Chris Stringer, also of the Natural History Museum. “The association of the handaxe and the skeletons in this pit of bones is a very interesting one,” adding that it was possible there was some sort of symbolic association.
But Arsuaga thinks it unlikely that so many human remains could have appeared in the pit in the absence of bones from other animals.
Previously, the earliest funeral rituals were thought to be associated with Neanderthal remains dated 100,000 years ago. But some researchers dispute the significance of these sites, preferring to believe that abstract thinking began around 50,000 years ago in modern humans.
Arsuaga and his colleagues found the handaxe in 1998, but decided to search for other stone tools in the pit before announcing the find. They have found none so far.
The research is published in the French journal L’Anthropologie.
The ‘humans began abstract thinking 50,000 years ago’ is ridiculous, as they’ve found jewellery made from ostrich egg shell at Lake Fezzan in Libya about 200,000 years old.
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A Duke Health-led research team has described both the pathway of HIV protective antibody development and a synthetic HIV outer envelope mimic that has the potential to induce the antibodies with vaccination. "A goal for an HIV-1 vaccine is to induce broadly neutralising antibodies," said senior author Barton F. Haynes, M.D., director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute (DHVI).
"One strategy for the induction of these desirable antibodies is to find a way to develop a small portion of the envelope's structure that these desired antibodies recognise - something we have now shown is possible."
In the first of two papers published online in Science Translational Medicine, Haynes and colleagues - including lead author Mattia Bonsignori, M.D. of DHVI—traced a series of events that led to the development of broadly neutralising antibodies in an HIV infected person over the course of five years.
The researchers found that the infected person's immune system responded to the virus with unusual, cooperative efforts between different B-cell lineages to induce broadly neutralising antibodies. The antibody development process also involved acquisition of a rare genetic change critical for protective antibody activity.
In a second paper in the same edition of Science Translational Medicine, a team at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, led by Samuel Danishefsky, Ph.D., used that blueprint to build a synthetic molecule that would mimic the HIV site targeted in infection. They also tested if the molecule could induce similar antibodies in the vaccination of a non-human primate.
The immunogen mimics a precise region of the virus where certain broadly neutralising antibodies bind to generate an immune attack. The synthetic immunogen precisely mimics this site, and in non-human primate vaccination studies, can induce antibodies to this critical position.
The researchers at Duke, including lead author S. Munir Alam, Ph.D., report that the synthetic mimic induced antibodies targeted at the site much more quickly than what was observed in the original HIV-infected person.
"We have known that there is an Achilles' heel on the envelope of the virus that the right kind of antibodies target," Haynes said. "There is not just one spot, but several. An effective vaccine would need to target more than one of them to assure that the immune system is equipped with the weapons it needs to fight the virus through all of its mutations."
A third study from the DHVI, published in the journal Cell Reports, demonstrated that macaques could indeed be vaccinated with an envelope of HIV and made antibodies to envelope sugar molecules.
The researchers, led by Kevin O. Saunders, Ph.D., immunised macaques over a three-year period, and found that after this long duration of immunisation, macaques made antibodies targeted at a broadly neutralising antibody binding site containing sugars.
Haynes said all three studies support the concept of designing vaccine candidates that mimic critical regions of HIV. He said the goal is to combine all multiple HIV components that elicit the protective antibodies into one vaccine that could be tested in humans.
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If you have no idea about the role of calories to build muscle, this article is for you to know what it takes for you to understand why calories are important in order to build muscle.
We’ve all heard it before, “I can’t gain weight no matter how much I eat.” This phrase is muttered by self-proclaimed hard gainers across the world.
Role of Calories to Build Muscle:
To know the role of calories to build muscle, we split the parts into two “the problem” & “the fix” for you to certainly know why calories matter.
Perhaps the biggest issue regarding this statement is that most people fail to realize how calories play a role in weight manipulation.
To do that, let’s first understand calories as a unit of energy.
Each individual has certain energy requirements to complete every day functions such as breathing, pumping blood, regulating body temperature, etc…
The total amount of energy required to do this for each individual is known as basal metabolic rate, or BMR for short.
BMR will vary for each individual depending on different factors (for example age, weight, body composition, gender).
In addition to knowing our own BMR we also need to account for our activity level.
Activity level can include things such as training, sports, leisure activities or even your job.
When combined with BMR we get what’s known as maintenance calories.
This is the amount of calories required by your body to complete all of these processes combined.
To put it in perspective, if we take in fewer calories than we need, our body will respond by using some of its stored energy to compensate.
In order to gain weight (in this case muscle), we would take in more calories (energy) to create a surplus.
This way our body can complete these building and maintaining processes with the caloric surplus.
Conclusion on Role of Calories to Build Muscle:
Of course this is an over simplified way to explain a very complex process.
The key take away from this portion is to understand that we all have specific caloric needs.
Once we’re able to determine what these needs are, manipulating weight is a simple matter of manipulating our total intake around these numbers.
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The spectre at the feast is an ancient literary theme that is present in Macbeth, when the murderous king is confronted by Banquo's ghost, which only he can see. We are often told that Macbeth's guests would think him mad for seeing the spectre, but not so! Shakespeare does not tell us what the guests thought, but in a land where such phenomena are widely accepted, they would have taken it seriously [had it happened, which it did not.] There is a similar tale in the Book of Daniel when King Belshazzar is feasting, only to see an angelic hand write words portending his doom on the wall. The same theme occurs in the tale of Gawain and the Green Knight, when an unslayable spectre challenges King Arthur's knights to behead him, only to find that the head springs back onto his shoulders.
The whole thrust of this ancient literary theme is that at occasions celebrating power and status, when the great and/or wise of this world assemble to rejoice and feast, confident in the security of their position, the reality that the Irish called the Other might erupt into their complacency and shake them. This is what happened one night in December 1997, when something that should not have happened did occur, and none could easily and comfortably explain it. The assembled dons included expert scientists, philosophers, historians and theologians, several of who were in contention for Nobel prizes, but in a room behind the feast some waiters were experiencing something that should not have happened.
Peterhouse college sits close to the shallow and winding Cam, whose December mists float over its ancient spires. Like all Oxford and Cambridge colleges it is a place of ritual, where the dons meet at celebratory feasts and dine on good food and fine wine, all on beautiful china plates. There are strict rules of order, for none is expected to leave the table before the Master has done so, but this night the dean, an Anglican clergyman was summoned, by a worried butler. For the first time someone left the table when the master was speaking, knowing that something urgent had occurred and mouthing apologies to the Master.
Hurrying down to the Combination Room, one of the most ancient parts of the college, the Reverend dean was confronted by the sight of smashed china and two very frightened servants.
"Tell the Dean what you saw." the butler commanded.
The men reported that they had been preparing to serve dinner when a figure simply materialized, crossed the room and disappeared by a window. There was also a knocking sound from behind the fireplace. One man said that the figure had walked, the other claimed that it had floated, but both concurred that it had a face. They were hoping that the Reverend dean could explain to them what had happened. It was noteworthy that it was to the dean they turned, a clergyman rather than to one of the several eminent scientists at the feast, for they had that deeply founded intuition that at times you must turn to religion.
There is a range of responses. For some it was a nine day wonder and they shrugged and got on with their lives, but for the Dean, Graham Ward, it prompted reflection which continued even when he was promoted away from Peterhouse to become Regius professor of Divinity at Oxford, a position for which you do not apply, but which is within the gift of the monarch, for it is the Anglican Church's senior theologian. The fruits of this reflection stimulated his writing of the book, Unbelievable, which inquires into the nature of belief. It is a profound and challenging work displaying a masterful command of religion, psychology, philosophy and history.
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In social science, for example sociology, attempts are made to interpret actual events. The stories constructed by sociologists and anthropologists are argued to be more than mere abstractions, and more than statistical predictions - they are held to convey something that is really taking place 'beneath' the surface of events. Thus, for example, an uprising may be interpreted and argued to be a manifestation of class tensions around economic entitlements. Understanding global economic relations as intangible but powerful 'virtual' relations frames our attitudes and actions towards national economic instability and the popular experience of change in the job market. 'The virtual' becomes a template for understanding and reacting to events in everyday life whenever societies face a situation in which distant events (a corporate merger) have local impacts on a related but quite a different register (prices for a service).
Table 2.1 The virtual and the concrete
Possible (not existing)
virtual (ideally real)
abstract (possible ideal)
concrete present (actually real)
probable (actual possibility)
The real qualities of the virtual, such as a memory of an event, distinguish the virtual from the unreal, or even surreal, qualities of the abstract. But the strength of Table 2.1 is that it allows us to both distinguish the virtual from - and relate it to - worlds of material existence, the mathematical worlds of probability and possible occurrences, and the abstract world of pure idealizations. These relationships are mediated by human agency, the flow of time and concurrence of place - something that is captured in the everyday language of surprise at transformations, the calculation of risk and the invoking of spirits. A risk or myth, an event or dream draws on all aspects of the real and possible. Contemporary cognitive science and neurology shows Proust to be incomplete: in any dream one could find not only the virtual but the concrete present of neurochemistry, hormones and the electrical exchanges of brain cells. A caution against reducing to one element or another is therefore in order. None the less, the table has an analytical and heuristic value: we can learn by considering social action in terms of each of the four aspects of the tetrology and in terms of their exchanges with each other. Walter Henry in a trenchant analysis points out that all communication involves the concrete (voice, inked letters), the virtual (coded meaning), the abstract (ideas), and the probable (author's intention) (Henry, 2001). These categories are woven together in everyday cognition and interaction. Thus it is not a matter of drawing on one single category - we rarely find pure examples of the virtual - but an assemblage of the terms. This explains how in imprecise everyday speech it is often difficult to demarcate where a naming of materiality, such as a useful product, stops and a projection of probability, shaded with abstract belief and glossed over with virtualities such as a brand name begins.
There is thus an axis of realization between the possible and real, and an axis of actualization between the ideal and actual that are characterized by very different relations. Above all the performative relations of actualization challenge us to rethink identity relations characteristic of the process of realization (Rob Shields: The Virtual pp32-33).
Déjà vu exemplifies the sensation that the present has already been experienced in a dream. The actual-real present is lived in a surreal, dreamlike state as virtual, or ideal-real.
Ritual actualizes latent possibilities, conjures the past with a view to altering the present.
Symbols represent and thus make present abstractions by giving them a form.
Myth formulates the past as an idealization, purifying it of factuality in favour of moral and ethical ends.
Chance is the abstract idea of the play of probability.
Predictions formulate the abstract ideals into calculations of the actually possible.
Risk is our pragmatic approach to probability - we take risks on the chance that a computable probability will not actually occur.
Fate describes a present or an outcome as a future prescribed as an actuality.
Miracles are said to occur when the non-existing ideals suddenly materialize.
Abstraction conceptualizes the concrete present as a pure (non-existing) idealization.
Premonitions are visions of probabilities in the felt form of emotional sensations. They are real idealizations of actual possibilities.
Foretelling the future casts a calculated, possible outcome as something that has already been conceived, imagined and possibly represented.
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From tips to calm their nerves and prepare them before the big day arrives, to ways to monitor their progress after they've gone back to school, this guide will help all parents with school-age children.
The month before, preparation is key:
- To get your child used to playing with other children and to build their confidence interacting in a group, take advantage of Sure Start free playgroup sessions ahead of their first day of school.
- Do what you can before they go back to school to familiarise your child with their new environment and the new responsibilities they will have in the school day. Taking them for a walk through the school, introducing them to any teachers and pointing out their favourite activities areas will help them beat the fear of the unknown on the first day.
- In the lead up to their first day at school start encouraging your child to dress and undress themselves, make sure they have toilet habits and washing of hands understood and know to be recognised by their name.
- Throughout August start setting specific meal times and bed times that coincide with the new school day. This will build a routine for your child and make that first morning much easier.
- Make sure you're reading to your child every day so that they become used to looking at the printed word and listening quietly.
- Do a back to school play date or meet up with a friend going to the same school so that they can talk about worries for the big day and arrange to look out for each other in the playground.
- If your child is starting secondary school and they will be making their journey by themselves ensure you do a test run before the big day. Whether that's walking it with them to ensure they know the route or taking the bus and checking they have the right stop, it will help calm those nerves for the big day.
The first day is here! Try not to panic:
- Get up an hour earlier than you usually would to ensure that your child doesn't feel rushed or stressed, this will give you enough time to talk things through with them, answer any questions and make the morning as enjoyable as possible.
- Create a playlist of happy music with some of their favourite songs and pop this on whilst you're getting them ready for their first day. This will create a fun atmosphere and make them think this is a positive event.
- Get their school uniform ready, bag packed and lunch box made the night before so that neither of you feel stressed.
- When at school, a good tip is to physically hand your child over to their teacher with a clear introduction such as 'Hello Mrs. Smith this is Sophie. Sophie, meet your new teacher Mrs. Smith, she's here to help you'.
- Once your child is established, leave straight away - any last words of advice or teary-ness on your part will just confuse them. Set an example of being strong and confident that they will have a lovely time.
Afterwards, be mindful of their progress:
- Don't compare your child to their siblings or children of friends, whenever you speak about their progress or adjustment to school keep it all about them.
- If your child is starting secondary school a nice way to reward them for being good and encourage them to stay engaged is by creating a study area at home. Let them help you decorate an area, giving them some control over personal touches. This will make them feel independent and focused on their homework with no distractions. It will also help you ensure they're staying on top of their studies. No more fobbing you off with 'I promise I'm doing my maths homework mum' whilst sitting in front of the TV, they now have a designated place that's all theirs.
- Once the first day is out of the way and the term is up and running check what extra curricular activities are available and encourage your child to join one. This will help them feel like they belong and make new friends.
- Don't ignore their physical appearance. All children are beautiful and we know you love yours just the way they are, but pre-teens and teenagers are incredible self-conscious so don't forget to be sensitive to this. If they feel worried about their appearance, especially typical teenage issues such as acne or increased sweating take this on board straight away and address it. It can be tempting to say 'Don't be silly, you look fine' but this could be having a negative impact on their performance and integration at school.
Do you have any tips for making back to school time easier? Let us know in the comments below!
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Homonyms are words that have the same spelling but different meanings. “I’m sorry” is what I dub a homonym phrase because there are, based on my observations of the world, four major ways this phrase is used.
- The repentant sorry in which the speaker realizes she has done something to hurt someone, intentionally or not, and truly wishes to change her actions in the future. These are rare. These are also the kind of sorry that God wants to hear from us.
- The empathetic/sympathetic sorry in which the speaker knows that the listener has experienced a heartache. Whether the speaker can relate to the situation or not, she wants to show empathy. These are not to be belittled, but if not used carefully, they can become trite.
- The empty sorry. This sorry could be intended for either of the other categories but lands in this third category due to a lack of sincerity. This is best represented by the child whose mother or father has commanded the child to say “I’m sorry” to another child or adult whom this child has offended or hurt. Adults do this as well to placate one another or make themselves feel better. This is the most common “I’m sorry” and most often is expressed by “sorry” (probably to avoid personally feeling the words).
- The insecure “I’m sorry” in which the speaker has a vague feeling that they’ve upset someone and wants to smooth things over. This may come from a selfish desire to be liked or it could be an insecurity within the speaker. While the intention is closer to the repentant sorry, the words are often used so often it becomes an empty sorry in the ear of the listener. The speaker could improve the sorry by following with a specific reason for apologizing.
I do not write this to cause you to start questioning the motives of others when they apologize to you because it’s generally a good practice to assume the best intentions of others. Instead, pay attention to the way you use these potentially powerful words. Aim for the first or second category. Be genuine.
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Your Challenge: Can you build a bristle bot and make it move?
What You Need
- 1 motor with two wires (1-volt to 3-volt motor) You can buy this at an electronics store or remove a motor from a broken electronic device that buzzes or vibrates
- 1 button cell battery (1-volt to 3-volt)
- 1 toothbrush with bristles set at an angle
- Pliers/ Wire Cutters
- Rubber Bands
- Wire Stripper
- Googley Eyes (Optional)
1.) Cut off the toothbrush head using pliers or wire cutters. Cut the handle close to the bristles.
2.) Strip the end of the motor's wires (You want about half an inch of the metal wire to show). Tape one wire to the top of the battery and the other wire to the bottom. (The motor should spin. If you don't want it to spin while you are building it, remove one wire.)
3.) Fasten the motor to the top of the toothbrush head. Use a rubber band to hold it in place. Fasten the battery firmly to the top of the toothbrush using a rubber band.
4.) Make sure both wire are connected to the top and bottom of the battery.
Hint: If your bristle bot is spinning or not going straight, try shifting the weight of the motor and the battery. The position of the motor and battery affect how the bristles touch the surface.
Take It Further
Bot Bowling: Use pipecleaners to create an arena for your bot. Set up light-weight objects for your Bot to knock over. Keep count of how many objects your Bot hit!
How It Works
The current running from the battery to the motor causes the toothbrush head to vibrate up and down. When the wire are connected correctly, you create a closed circuit. The vibrations cause the bot to move.When the bristles of the toothbrush are tilted, the Bot scoots forward in that direction.
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The influence of money in politics
76% of Americans think that the amount of money in elections gives rich people more influence than the rest of us. They're right. Princeton and Northwestern University recently released a released a study suggesting that our government outcomes function on behalf of a polarized special interest oligarchy not the majoritarian democracy. That's not the deal promised by the whole "We The People" thing.
The Spoiler Effect and Lesser Evil Voting
The spoiler effect is the effect of vote splitting between candidates or ballot questions with similar ideologies. One spoiler candidate's presence in the election draws votes from a major candidate with similar politics thereby causing a strong opponent of both or several to win. The minor candidate causing this effect is referred to as a spoiler.
The lesser of two evils principle (or lesser evil principle) is the principle that when given two bad choices, the one which is not as bad as the other should be chosen over the one that is the greater threat.
More on Ranking Systems
Plurality voting - the choice of one favorite in a field of many candidates - is the simplest ranking system. Other methods like Instant Runoff Voting (IRV) allow you to rank multiple candidates 1,2,3, etc. in order of your preference. It turns out that for elections with more than two candidates, ALL ranked voting methods fail the test for voting system equality because there are rank orderings for which there are no counter-balancing orderings. Further, rank orderings can't account for disproportionate clusterings of candidates, so such systems are necessarily vulnerable to vote-splitting. Some super smart dude named Nobel Prize Winning Economist Dr. Kenneth Arrow actually proved that no rank order voting system with more than two distinct alternatives can produce a “fair” outcome.
Other complaints regarding ranked systems include ballot complexity and winner computation complexity.
Computing the shutout
Currently only members of the Democratic and Republican parties can participate in meaningful primary elections. According to the November, 2016 voter registration statistics, 34% of voters don't affiliate with either, and are therefore excluded from the contests that select the two frontrunner candidates for the general election. Further, a strong majority of districts provide a single party enough of an advantage because of the imbalanced segregation of voters in the primary stage that its candidate always wins the general election. This silences another 17.1% of voters in the minority party in dominated districts.
That's actually more than half of us. Without a voice of representation in a "representative democracy." Hmm...
The spreadsheet that computes these results from Oregon's published voter registration data and the computer program that generates the nifty colored maps can be accessed at this GitHub repository.
The California Top Two
California adopted a top two general election system in 2010. While the California law bears similarity to the Oregon Open Primary, it differs significantly in its purpose, excerpted in part:
“(a) Purpose. The Top Two Candidates Open Primary Act is hereby adopted by the People of California to protect and preserve the right of every Californian to vote for the candidate of his or her choice…
(b) Top Two Candidate Open Primary. All registered voters otherwise qualified to vote shall be guaranteed the unrestricted right to vote for the candidate of their choice in all state and congressional elections… The top two candidates, as determined by the voters in an open primary, shall advance to a general election…”
The California system has no requirement of equality within the primary election itself. Instead, its Purpose subtly reinforces the single choice limitation, and so because all the candidates are in a single, larger primary field, California has seen a magnification of the vote-splitting/spoiler effect inequality present in our election system today.
A discussion of strategic voting in the equal vote with a top two
"Bullet Voting" - FairVote, a national election reform advocacy organization, has criticized rating systems because "they create obvious, immediate and ongoing strategic dilemmas in every election. With approval voting, each equally weighted vote counts both for that candidate but effectively against the other candidates -- if you indeed have a preference between the two candidates, you need to weigh whether to 'bullet vote' for your favorite to avoid canceling out that vote by voting for someone else. You can be sure candidates will publicly call for voters to reach out to all candidates they might like with their votes, but privately to urge all backers to bullet vote for themselves."
In a discussion of using a rating system for the primary election with a top two, Rob Richie, Executive Director of FairVote conceded that adding a second round mitigates the bullet voting concern. A voter's desire to see his or her favorite candidate win is balanced by the safety of having two acceptable candidates advance (including his or her favorite).
"Voting or advocating for the weak opponent" - A number of folks have suggested that one way to "game" the equal top two is to cast dishonest votes in favor of a weak opponent candidate in order to squeeze out a more-feared strong opponent. This is not a safe voting strategy; in fact it is only viable if the voter has a very high degree of confidence that his or her favorite candidate will out-poll the strong opponent in the first round. Voting insincerely does not change at all the calculus between the voter's favorite and most feared opponent, but actually increases the likelihood that the voter's own favorite will get squeezed out. This weak opponent strategy is an effective technique in most other two stage election systems.
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While we celebrate Rosh Hashanah as the Jewish New Year, as the day the Hebrew calendar begins, that wasn’t always the case. Nowadays we celebrate Rosh Hashanah on the first day of the fall month of Tishrei. But in biblical times, that period was explicitly called “the seventh month.” During the First Temple period (8th to mid-6th century BCE), the year began in the spring, on the first day of Nisan.
In fact, the ancient Hebrews probably had no concept of when the year started at all. Nor did they give the months names: the Torah merely enumerating them—”the first month,” “the seventh month.” And in ancient times, there were four “New Years” in the Jewish calendar—each with a distinct significance: The first of the Hebrew month of Nisan, the New Year of Kings, was the date used to calculate the number of years a given king had reigned; the first of the Hebrew month of Elul was the new year for tithing of cattle, a time when one of every 10th cattle was marked and offered as a sacrifice to God; the first of the Hebrew month of Tishrei was the agricultural new year, or the New Year of the Years—when we increase the year number. Sabbatical and Jubilee years begin at this time; and the 15th of the Hebrew month of Sh’vat, known as Tu BiSh’vat, was the New Year of the Trees. When listing the holidays, the Bible always starts with the spring holiday of Passover, in the seventh month—Nisan.
Though at first, this concept might seem odd, think of it this way: the American “new year” starts in January, but the new “school year” starts in September, and many businesses have “fiscal years” that start at various times of the year.
Just because the ancient Hebraic year started on the first of Nisan doesn’t mean that day was marked in any special way. The bible tells us that it was the new moon each month—that is, the first of the month—that was a cause for celebration. By “celebration,” we mean that more animals were sacrificed at the Temple than usual. The new moon of Nisan was not marked differently. From what we know about the Israelite’s Canaanite neighbors, they didn’t pay any attention to the “new year” either.
Though the first of Tishrei, celebrated as Rosh Hashanah nowadays, is mentioned as a holiday—it is a very minor one. It is in no way a celebration of the “new year.” Quite the contrary; Leviticus (23:24) says regarding that first day of Tishrei: “In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a Sabbath [as in “day of rest”], a memorial of blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation” (23:24).
The Bible does not list any special practices for the holiday beyond blowing trumpets and sacrificing some animals, fewer than sacrificed on the two major holidays—Passover and Sukkot. No specific reason is given for the blowing of the trumpets, nor are we told what we are supposed to remember.
So how did the holiday evolve? Remember the Jews lived among the Babylonians and they marked a “Day of Judgment” each year. They believed that, on that day, a convocation of their deities assembled in the temple of the god Marduk. These gods, they held, renewed the world and judged each human being, inscribing the fate of every individual on the tablet of destiny. Sound familiar? The legend was so powerful that the Jews most likely borrowed elements from it in shaping Rosh Hashanah. The meeting of many deities evolved into a belief that the one G-d judged every Jew on that day, immediately inscribing the completely righteous in the Book of Life and consigning the completely wicked to a sad fate. Those “in between,” however, had ten days, concluding on Yom Kippur, in which to repent before the Book of Life was sealed for the New Year.
In addition to the biblical “holy convocation” and the transformed Babylonian “Day of Judgment,” the first of Tishrei also was associated with the anniversary of the creation of the world, Yom Harat Olam. For these three compelling reasons, the first day of the seventh month ultimately became the “official” Jewish New Year with the emphasis on teshuvah.
The first day of Tishrei does have one other significance, based on the Book of Ezekiel. That prophet, at the very end of the First Temple period, prescribes that the Temple should be purified (naturally using the blood of a bullock, of course) on the first of Tishrei.
Ezekiel is also the first to use the phrase “Rosh Hashanah” (40:1), though for him it clearly does not refer to any holiday, rather just the beginning of the year.
It was not until about the second century C.E. that the holiday acquires the name Rosh Hashanah, which first appears in the Mishnah. “On Rosh Hashanah all human beings pass before him [God] as sheep before a shepherd” (Tractate Rosh Hashanah 2). It is in these texts that we first have elaboration on the importance of the holiday and its traditions.
Before then, however, the day had many other designations. The oldest name, found in the Torah (Numbers 29:1) is Yom T’ruah (Day of Sounding the Shofar). Two other names, reflecting Babylonian influence, were Yom HaZikaron (Day of Remembrance) and Yom HaDin (Day of Judgment). While those terms are still preserved in the liturgy and rabbinic literature, Jews all over the world today refer to Rosh Hashanah as THE Jewish New Year. And, regardless of how Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur evolved, it remains the holiest time of the Jewish year and is treasured by Jews around the world.
Florence L. Dann, a fourth year rabbinical student at the Academy for Jewish Religion in LA has been a contributing writer to Jlife since 2004.
Apples Dipped In Honey
Eating honey to start the year sweetly—In Europe, during the High Middle Ages, the consumption of honey evolved into eating challah and fruit, which today has become almost universally apples dipped in honey.
Eating a calf’s head so that we should finish the year ahead began during the time of the Gaonim (500-1500 CE). Later the calf’s head would be replaced with fish heads, and that in turn got replaced among Ashkenazi Jews with gefilte fish. Sephardic Jews elected for other fish dishes such as chraime (a spicy fish stew in tomato sauce).
A new tradition of eating pomegranates on Rosh Hashanah arose at about the same time, based on the false belief that the number of seeds in a pomegranate is 613, the same as the number of Jewish commandments.
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Published: 10 October 2014 at 13:53
Anglia Ruskin scientist co-authors paper showing harlequins prefer urban areas
A new paper, co-authored by Anglia Ruskin University scientist Dr Peter Brown, shows that the invasive harlequin ladybird has a preference for Britain’s towns and cities.
By establishing rapidly in urban areas and overwintering inside buildings, the harlequin, first recorded in the UK in 2004, has severely affected native ladybird species which have suffered from the combined impacts of habitat deterioration and competition.
The new study, published today [13 October 2014] in the Journal of Biogeography, involved scientists from Anglia Ruskin University, the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, the University of Edinburgh, and the University of Reading.
The research investigated the effect of both landscape and climactic factors on the spread of this ladybird. It used records from citizen scientists who submitted around 23,000 sightings to the UK Ladybird Survey between 2003 and 2011.
While previous research on the same dataset had primarily focused on the effect of its broad diet and high reproduction rate, the new study compared sightings with spatial survival models in order to identify where the harlequin ladybird might appear next.
Spatial survival analysis has been widely applied in disease epidemiology but rarely used to explore the spread of invasive alien species.
Dr Peter Brown, Senior Lecturer in Zoology at Anglia Ruskin University, said:
Lead author Dr Bethan Purse, from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, said:
The results also show that the harlequin ladybird has struggled to spread into coniferous woodland. A number of ladybird species within Britain are largely confined to coniferous woodland and it appears that such habitats are more resistant to invasion by the harlequin.The study was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
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This section presents articles that will help the true truth seeker to understand the religion of Al-Islam. Articles discussing the basic tenets of the religion, religious philosophy, and Islamic history as well as articles dispelling common myths, propaganda and deliberate misinformation are also presented. In this open season of outrageous attacks against Al-Islam and Muslims, it is very important that the true truth seeker be able to ascertain truths from falsehood. The articles in this section will help in that process.
The widely publicized 2006 case of the conversion of an Afghan citizen to Christianity, caused the issue of apostasy under Islamic Law (sharia), to be brought to public attention. It raised troubling questions about freedom of religion and interfaith relations in Islam. As such, it caused many Muslims to re-examine their Qur'an in order to ascertain if indeed death for apostasy is what their holy book prescribes.
Mainstream media made a lot of this event to further demonize Muslims, by showing the world how hateful Islam is against other religions. After all, Islam is the only religion that prescribes death for anyone who leaves it to join another religion. At the same time Muslims boast about Islam being the fastest growing religion in the world. Yet other religions are humane enough to not kill their former adherents for leaving their religion and becoming Muslims.
It was also strange to see that after killing thousands of Afghans and Iraqis and calling their deaths collateral damage, the US was so "deeply concerned" for the life of this one Afghani. How hypocritical indeed!
Along with other things, this story shows how far Muslims have strayed from their religion. The truth is that if you search the Qur'an from cover to cover you will not find death prescribed as a punishment for apostasy. In fact you will find the opposite.
Fasting is as popular today as it has been in the history of humanity. Today people are fasting for health reasons and for spiritual growth and experience. But it seems that people are more weight conscious today than they have ever been, and many are fasting to lose weight. In Islam, fasting has its own special meaning—a meaning that is natural in the religion. It is a meaning that is understood by religious people all over the world who truly practice divine worship.
The most concise definition of God in Islam is given in the four verses of Surah Ikhlas which is Chapter 112 of the Qur’an:
"Say: He is Allah,
The One and Only.
"Allah, the Eternal, Absolute.
"He begets not, nor is He begotten.
And there is none like unto Him."
Millions of pilgrims from all over the world will be converging on Mecca in the coming days. They will retrace the footsteps of millions who have made the spiritual journey to the valley of Mecca since the time of Adam.
Hajj literally means, "to continuously strive to reach one's goal." It is the last of the five pillars of Islam (the others include a declaration of faith in one God, five daily prayers, offering regular charity, and fasting during the month of Ramadan). Pilgrimage is a once-in-a-lifetime obligation for those who have the physical and financial ability to undertake the journey.
The Hajj is essentially a re-enactment of the rituals of the great prophets and teachers of faith. Pilgrims symbolically relive the experience of exile and atonement undergone by Adam and Eve after they were expelled from Heaven, wandered the earth, met again and sought forgiveness in the valley of Mecca. They also retrace the frantic footsteps of the wife of Abraham, Hagar, as she ran between the hills of Safa and Marva searching for water for her thirsty baby (which according to Muslim tradition, God answered with the well of Zam Zam). Lastly, the pilgrims also commemorate the willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son for the sake of God. God later substituted a ram in place of his son.
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Pregnancy is a time when your body begins to undergo sudden and rapid changes. There was a time when mothers to be were advised to eat enough for two. Today, this advice is way off the mark because new research finds that in terms of quantity, pregnant mothers need take in an extra 300 calories only.
So, pregnant mothers who habitually eat enough for two may find themselves developing undesirable health conditions. Therefore, it is important for pregnant mothers to understand what kind of food is best for them and their baby.
Even if you have been eating a healthy diet prior to your pregnancy, you have to pay extra attention to what you eat when you are pregnant. A healthy diet is vital to a successful pregnancy because it ensures correct fetal growth and reduces complications.
Given below are a few guidelines regarding nutrition for pregnant women:
o Avoid empty calories. Choose whole grain foods and substitute high calorie foods with foods that have higher nutritive value.
o Pregnant women need approximately 1,500 mg of calcium everyday. This supplies enough calcium to the fetus for bone growth and prevents the mother from losing her bone density. In this regard, it is important to remember that most women do not get enough calcium even when they are not pregnant. So, extra effort has to be made to get the right amounts of calcium throughout pregnancy. Calcium rich foods include tofu, salmon, green leafy vegetables and dairy products.
o Another important aspect of nutrition for pregnant women is regarding the need to stock up on food rich in iron. These include fish, poultry, eggs, enriched grains and green leafy vegetables. However, since iron absorption from food takes place at a very slow pace, many doctors advise the intake of iron supplements. Iron supplements often lead to constipation, though it may help if you take your supplements with food. To improve iron absorption, include food that is rich in vitamin C.
o Folic acid is important to proper fetal growth. Taking in 400 mg of folic acid everyday can prevent more than 70% of birth defects commonly found in newborn babies. Natural foods like dark green vegetables, oranges, grains, beans, lean meat and liver are rich in folic acid. You also get folic acid supplements, and doctors often recommend the intake of prenatal vitamins that contain folic acid.
o Pregnant mothers must not follow a restrictive diet. Do not skip meals. Eat enough to gain weight at the recommended rate. Include a variety of foods since this ensures that you are getting all the minerals and vitamins that your body needs. Eat at regular intervals so that your blood sugar levels do not peak and dip.
o Drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated. Avoid alcohol and quit smoking.
o These days, it is common for pregnant women to take in large doses of supplements. Although some amount of fortified foods is helpful, large doses can cause health problems. So always discuss with your healthcare provider before you start taking supplements of any sort.
o Pregnant women should avoid undercooked food, swordfish, mackerel and tilefish since these may contain high levels of Mercury.
By following these tenets of good nutrition, a pregnant mother can ensure the health and proper development of her baby. At the same time, she can also prevent unnecessary weight gain that may lead to health complications later on.
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Tips for successful Kernel Recompilation in Linux
Posted on Tuesday, January 01, 2008 – 11:40 AM
“Kernel compilation is a tough nut to crack” – Most frequently this would be followed by a sigh if the recompiled kernel is not booting up. Though the nut has the look of a tough one to crack, kernel recompilation is still an inescapable affair that every Linux system administrator runs into, sooner or later. I too had to. With this article, I intend to walk you through the phases of compiling a kernel. I am sure it will inspire confidence in you so that compiling a kernel is no longer a “mission impossible”.
What is a kernel?
Keeping it simple, kernel is the central part of most of the operating systems. The main functions of kernel include process management,resource management etc. It is the first part of operating system that is loaded in to the RAM when the machine is booted and it will remain in the main memory. Since the kernel stays in the main memory, it is important that it should be as small as possible.
In Linux, kernel is a single file called vmlinuz which is stored in the folder /boot, where vm represents virtual memory and z at the end of the filename denotes that it is compressed.
When do we recompile a kernel?
To reduce the size of the kernel:
Suppose you are a Linux fanatic and you need an OS in your mobile. The typical OS you get has the all the miscellaneous components and has size in many MB s, which you can’t afford in your mobile. If I were you, I would do a kernel recompilation, and remove unwanted modules.
When the size of the kernel is reduced removing the unwanted items, less memory will be used which in turn will increase the resource available to applications.
To add or remove support for devices:
For each device, a device driver is needed for communicating with the operating system. For example, if a USB device is attached to a computer, we need to enable the corresponding device driver for it to work. In technical terms, the support for USB driver is to be enabled in the kernel.
To modify system parameters:
System parameters include high memory support, quota support etc. For managing physical memory above 4 GB, high memory support (64 GB) needs to be enabled.
How do we recompile a kernel?
1. Verify and update the packages required
2. Obtain kernel source
3. Obtain current hardware details
4. Configure kernel
5. Build kernel
6. Configure the Boot loader
7. Reboot the server
1. Verify and update the packages required
You need to do this step only if you upgrade the kernel from version 2.4 to 2.6. You can skip this step if it is a 2.6.x to 2.6.x upgrade.
Before upgrading the kernel, you need to make sure that your system is capable of accepting the new kernel. Check the utilities that interact with your system, and verify that they are up-to-date. If they are not, go ahead and upgrade them first.
The main packages to be checked and upgraded are : binutils, e2fsprogs, procps, gcc and module-init-tools
You should take extreme care while upgrading module-init-tools. A module is a piece of code that can be inserted into the kernel on demand. Module-init-tools provide utilities for managing Linux kernel modules – for loading, unloading,listing and removing modules.
The main utilities available are :
Both modprobe and insmod are used to insert modules. The only difference is that insmod doesn’t know the location of the module and is unaware of dependencies. Modprobe does this by parsing the file /lib/modules/<kernel version>/modules.dep
How to install module-init-tools
Get the source http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/module-init-tools/module-init-tools-3.2.2.tar.gz to the server using wget and untar it.
tar -zxf module-init-tools-3.2.2.tar.gz
2. Configure it.
3. Rename the existing 2.4 version of this utility as utility.old
4. Build and install.
5. Run the script generate-modprobe.conf to convert the entries in the module configuration file for kernel version 2.4 ( /etc/modules.conf ) to a file used by kernel version 2.6 (/etc/modprobe.conf)
6. Check the version of current module-init-tools
2. Obtain the Kernel Source
Get the kernel source from http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/
You can download the source to the /usr/src/kernels folder in your server. If you are planning to recompile your kernel to version 184.108.40.206, the steps would be :
[root]#tar zxf linux-220.127.116.11.tar.gz
3. Obtain the Current Hardware Details
The current Hardware details can be obtained using the following commands:
This utility gives the details about the network card and all devices attached to the machine. If you type lspci and get an error “lscpi: command not found”, you will have to install pciutils-2.1.99.test8-3.4 rpm in the server.
A typical lspci output will be as follows :
[root@XXXXX ~]# lspci
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom BCM5785 [HT1000] PCI/PCI-X Bridge
00:02.0 Host bridge: Broadcom BCM5785 [HT1000] Legacy South Bridge
00:02.1 IDE interface: Broadcom BCM5785 [HT1000] IDE
00:02.2 ISA bridge: Broadcom BCM5785 [HT1000] LPC
00:03.0 USB Controller: Broadcom BCM5785 [HT1000] USB (rev 01)
00:03.1 USB Controller: Broadcom BCM5785 [HT1000] USB (rev 01)
00:03.2 USB Controller: Broadcom BCM5785 [HT1000] USB (rev 01)
00:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Rage XL (rev 27)
00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration
00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map
00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller
00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control
01:0d.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom BCM5785 [HT1000]
PCI/PCI-X Bridge (rev b2)
01:0e.0 RAID bus controller: Broadcom BCM5785 [HT1000]
SATA (Native SATA Mode)
02:03.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation
NetXtreme BCM5704 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 10)
02:03.1 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation
NetXtreme BCM5704 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 10)
The processor details can be obtained from the file /proc/cpuinfo
[root@XXXX ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : AuthenticAMD
cpu family : 15
model : 35
model name : Dual Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 170
stepping : 2
cpu MHz : 1996.107
cache size : 1024 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 0
cpu cores : 2
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 1
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca
cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht pni syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt
lm 3dnowext 3dnow pni
bogomips : 3992.34
Another useful tool to obtain hardware information is modinfo. It gives detailed description about modules. Before using modinfo, you may need to find out currently loaded modules. lsmod is the utility that lists currently loaded modules.
[root@XXXXXX ~]# lsmod
libata 105757 1 sata_svw
lsmod displays a module sata_svw and more details of this module can be obtained as shown below.
[root@XXXXX ~]# modinfo sata_svw
author: Benjamin Herrenschmidt
description: low-level driver for K2 SATA controller
version: 2.0 9FF8518CB6CD3CB4AE61E35
vermagic: 2.6.9-55.ELsmp SMP 686 REGPARM 4KSTACKS gcc-3.4
4. Configure the Kernel
Once you have the source, the next step is to configure the kernel.
You can configure the kernel using any of the following :
1. make config – This is a text based command line interface that will ask each and every configuration question in order.
2. make xconfig – This is a graphical editor that requires x to be installed in the system. Hence it is not used in servers.
3. make oldconfig – A text based interface that takes an existing configuration file and queries for any variable not enabled in that configuration file.
4. make menuconfig – A text based menu configurator based on cursor-control libraries. This is the most commonly used method for configuring kernels in servers.
If you are a newbie, I would recommend using the existing configuration and use make menuconfig to configure the kernel.
Steps for configuring your kernel are :
Step 1: Copy the current kernel configuration to your new kernel source.
[root@XXXXX ~]#cp /boot/config-<current_kernel_version> .config
[root@XXXXX ~]#make oldconfig
where <current_kernel_version> should be replaced with the existing kernel version in the server. You can get <current_kernel_version> in the server using the command :
[root@XXXXX ~]# uname -r
When make oldconfig prompts for values, retain the old values.
Even if you retain the old values, don’t forget to check the hardware of the server as well as the processor type and the model of the ethernet card. Since options change with newer kernel versions, and some options may not be there in the old .config files, it is advisable to double check all the options using menuconfig.
Step 2: make menuconfig.
[root@XXXXX ~]#make menuconfig
This is the main screen of menuconfig. Only some options can be compiled as modules. In menuconfig, they are marked < >. Press M to compile as a module. A [*] means compiled in, M means module.
Menuconfig offers search feature. Use “/” to search for any module. For eg: if you are not sure of the location of the module iptables, press “/” , enter the search pattern as “iptables” and press enter.
Search for configuration parameter
menuconfig search results
As there are a lot of options in menuconfig, I will just mention the important ones. The essential options needed for a kernel to be running is processor, file system, network card and hard disk. You can select the desired processor, file system, hard disk and network card from the options available in menuconfig.
Processor type and features
Subarchitecture Type : Select Generic architecture (Summit,bigsmp, ES7000, default)
Processor family : Select the matching processor from the available list. For eg : If the model name is Dual Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 170 , you can select Opteron/Athlon64/Hammer/K8 from the options available.
For a multiprocessor server, enable the options Symmetric multi-processing support and SMT (Hyper threading) scheduler support.
For RAM > 4 GB enable the option High Memory Support (64GB) . And the final output of the option Processor type and features would look like this :
menuconfig processor type
Iptables is enabled in this option.
-> Networking support (NET [=y])
-> Networking options
-> Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains) (NETFILTER [=y])
-> Core Netfilter Configuration and IP: Netfilter Configuration
All the modules under the option Core Netfilter Configuration and IP: Netfilter Configuration should be enabled as modules.
This is the most confusing part. In this, the main options you need to check are :
1. Block devices : Enable RAM disk support and Loop back device support
Include Loopback device support (module)
RAM disk support [*} compiled in
Leave the default values of RAM disk number and size.
Initial RAM disk (initrd) support [*} compiled in
2. SCSI device support : Enable corresponding model in SCSI low level drivers if it is a SCSI device.
3. Serial ATA (prod) and Parallel ATA (experimental) drivers: if hard disk is SATA, enable the corresponding driver in this. For eg: if you have Intel PIIX/ICH SATA in the server enable Intel PIIX/ICH SATA support in this option
4. Network device support : Enable the corresponding network card in the server. For eg: if lspci lists the network card as follows :
Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5704 Gigabit Ethernet
> Network device support
> Ethernet (1000 Mbit)ss
> Broadcom NetXtremeII support
The main modules to be enabled in this section are ext2, ext3, journaling and Quota support.
Once this is complete , save the settings and quit.
5. Build the Kernel
The next step is to build the Kernel. You can use the command make bzImage to do this. This command will create a compressed file bzImage inside arch/i386/boot in the Linux source directory and that is the newly compiled kernel.
The next step is to compile and link the modules. This can be done using the command make modules.
After this you have to copy the modules to /lib/modules/. And this is done using the command make modules_install.
The command sequence is as follows :
make -j<Number> bzImage
make -j<Number> modules
make -j<Number> modules-Install
-j tells your system to do that many jobs in Makefile together which will in turn reduce the time for compilation.
<Number> is two times the number of cpus in your system or number of virtual processors. This number can be found using the command
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep ^processor | wc -l
[root@XXXX]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep ^processor | wc -l
Once this is done copy all these to the /boot folder as follows :
cp .config /boot/config-18.104.22.168
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-22.214.171.124
cp System.map /boot/System.map-126.96.36.199
mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.6.9.img 188.8.131.52
mkinitrd is the program to create initial RAM Disk Image.
6. Configure Boot Loader
Boot loader is the first program that runs when a computer boots. There are two types of boot loader :
1. Determine the currently installed boot loader :
Check first 512 bytes of the boot drive. Check for grub first:
# dd if=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1 2>&1 | grep GRUB
If it matches, the current boot loader is grub. Check for lilo if it did not match:
# dd if=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1 2>&1 | grep LILO
Note : If the hard disk is SCSI or SATA, use sda instead of hda..
2. Configure the boot loader
If your boot loader is LILO, add entries for the new kernel in the file /etc/lilo.conf. A typical lilo entry will be as given below :
append=”console=tty0 console=ttyS1,19200n8 clock=pmtmr root=LABEL=/”
Run the command :
/sbin/lilo -R “Label for new kernel”
In the case of GRUB, add the entries for the new kernel at the end of the list of kernels in the file /etc/grub.conf. The first entry in GRUB gets the index 0. An example entry is below :
title Red Hat Linux (184.108.40.206)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-220.127.116.11 ro root=/dev/hda2 panic=3
The “panic” parameter ensures that the server reboots to the old kernel, in the case of a kernel panic i.e the machine will be rebooted to the default option in grub.conf, if a panic occurs in 3 secs.
Do Not change the “default” value in the file grub.conf. Enter grub command prompt by typing the command grub at the prompt. Enter the below command at the grub prompt:
savedefault –default=3 –once
This is the case if the newly added entry is having index 3. Exit from grub-shell.
7.Reboot the Server
Reboot the server using the command reboot. If by any chance, a kernel panic occurs, server will be up with the old working kernel. If everything goes fine, the server will be up with the new kernel. Once it is up with the new kernel, do not forget to change the default value in the boot loader.
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The following message was posted on my homeschool group page and credited to Dr. Vinay Goyal. It is a lot of common sense that is not so common. Thought it might help you all stay well this fall and winter.
The only portals of entry of the HiNi virus are the nostrils and mouth/throat. In a global epidemic of this nature, it's almost impossible not coming into contact with H1N1 in spite of all precautions. Contact with H1N1 is not so much of a problem as proliferation is.
While you are still healthy and not showing any symptoms of H1N1 infection, in order to prevent proliferation, aggravation of symptoms and development of secondary infections, some very simple steps, not fully highlighted in most official communications, can be practiced (instead of focusing on how to stock N95 or Tamiflu):
1. Frequent hand-washing (well highlighted in all official communications) . This is not a joke. Make it a ritual habit...
make it part of your daily routine... DO NOT BE LAZY...!!!
2. "Hands-off-the- face" approach. Resist all temptations to touch any part of face (unless you want to eat, bathe or slap).
3. Gargle twice a day with (use Listerine if you don't trust salt). *H1N1 takes 2-3 days after initial infection in the throat/ to proliferate and show characteristic symptoms. Simple gargling prevents proliferation. In a way, gargling with salt water has the same effect on a healthy individual that Tamiflu has on an infected one. Don't underestimate this simple, inexpensive and powerful preventative method.
4. Similar to 3 above, clean your nostrils at least once every day with warm salt water. If this method is not possible, blowing the nose hard once a day and swabbing both nostrils with cotton buds dipped in warm salt water is very effective in bringing down viral population.
5. Boost your natural immunity with foods that are rich in Vitamin C (citrus fruits). If you have to supplement with Vitamin C tablets, make sure that it also has Zinc to boost absorption.
6. Drink as much of warm liquids as you can. Drinking warm liquids has the same effect as gargling, but in the reverse direction. They wash off proliferating viruses from the throat into the stomach where they cannot survive, proliferate or do any harm.
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In another sure sign that California is steadily recovering from the yearslong drought, the snowpack in the Sierra Nevada — a major source of water for the state — is currently larger than the last four years combined, according to NASA.
As of April 1, when it was last measured by NASA’s Airborne Snow Observatory, the snowpack in the Sierra’s Tuolumne River Basin came in at 1.2 million acre-feet, according to the latest data.
To put the amount in perspective, the figure is enough to fill the 92,000-seat Rose Bowl in Pasadena almost 1,600 times.
“The 2017 California snowpack is close to the largest on the record, which consists of decades’ worth of snow measurements made at ground level,” according to a NASA news release.
The snowpack, which is made up of layers of snow that accumulate in the winter and spring months in the Sierra Nevada, is critical to California because it’s the key to the state’s water needs.
During warmer months, the melting snow filters down the mountains into creeks, streams and rivers as it makes its way into the Golden State’s water system.
Most of California’s annual precipitation — roughly 80 percent — comes as snow.
The Tuolumne Basin’s snowpack measures twice the volume from last year, and is roughly 21 times larger than the one two years ago, which the agency said is the lowest ever recorded.
In fact, the current snowpack is greater than the amount measured from 2013 through 2016, a stretch when the state was mired in deep drought.
The historically high levels are what ultimately helped propel California out of drought conditions, which in turn prompted Gov. Jerry Brown to declare an end to the state’s drought emergency earlier this month.
And, as NASA noted, there was still plenty of snow in mountainous areas at the start of spring.
“In much of the Central Sierra, snow lies 25 feet deep (8 meters). In some high mountain basins, it’s deeper than 80 feet (24 meters),” the agency said of the latest measurement, pointing out that there’s been even more snow since the analysis was conducted.
At Mammoth Mountain, in the Eastern Sierra, the resort has experienced record snowfall, and plans to remain open through July 4.
Hit with storm after storm this winter, the Mammoth area was buried in so much snow that last month, the California National Guard was called in to the village to help remove 4,000 tons of it, the Los Angeles Times reported.
According to NASA, the recently performed April 1 evaluation is a critical annual event that looks at the amount of snow for the state.
The Airborne Snow Observatory conducts the comprehensive examination with the help of scientific instruments aboard an aircraft; it is the only program that takes a critical look at snow depth, snow water equivalent and how much sunlight snow reflects over an entire basin, NASA said.
In addition to California, the snow-monitoring program flies in Colorado, Oregon, Nevada and Idaho.
“Before ASO, water managers had intense stress worrying about how much potential runoff was stored in the mountain snowpack, with little historical information about snowpack years as large as this to guide reservoir management and allocation decisions. With ASO, we will be precisely quantifying this volume and how it changes through the spring,” said Tom Painter, principal investigator of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
CNN contributed to this story.
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Another supermoon will illuminate the night sky Saturday, but how extraordinary are they really?
Not very, according to astronomer Paul Mortfield, but he said that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t take a look at the extra-bright moon and take a moment to marvel at the night sky.
A “supermoon is not really anything new, [but] the phrase is new. It’s been around for a couple of years because, again, every year that we have full moons some are a little bit closer and some are a little bit further away from us but not by much,” said Mortfield, chair of the committee that runs the David Dunlap Observatory north of Toronto. “It’s only about a 10 per cent difference but the difference is that somebody decided to call it a super moon and again it’s a great opportunity to go out and look up at the sky.”
The term “supermoon” spiked in newspaper coverage in March of 2011, when media collectively started covering the semi-annual astronomical phenomenon using the catchy word.
Supermoons are more formally known as “perigee moons” and they occur when the moon’s elliptical orbit comes closest to earth. The result is an extra-large, extra-bright moon, especially when it’s rising over the horizon and balloons before the naked eye. If the night is clear, the moon will appear extra luminescent all Saturday night, Mortfield said, despite the fact the true “spike” occurs at 2:09 p.m. EST on Sunday, during peak daylight in Canada.
That said, Saturday’s super moon may be even more spectacular than normal as the moon will be even closer than it was in July: about 1,200 kilometres nearer to earth. But there is a downside for stargazers as well, as the annual Perseid meteor shower collides with the super-bright moon, which means the annual display of shooting stars will largely be drowned out. The big ones will still sparkle across the sky for those who are patient enough to wait, Mortfield said.
“The great thing about the hype of a supermoon is it gets people out to go look at the full moon and look up at the sky and wonder about what’s going on in the universe,” said Mortfield, who returned to Canada to help run the Dunlap Observatory after two decades working in California for Standford University and NASA.
The observatory is not running an event for the supermoon or the meteor shower but its usual programming will run as scheduled.
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Many people rely on their nicotine fix to get them through the day. Their body …
If you are a smoker, it’s highly likely that you have contemplated quitting. Smoking can cause serious health problems and place you at increased risk for diseases such as lung cancer. Moreover, studies have shown that smoking can cause damage to nearly every organ in the body.
The reasons to quit are compelling, but it is not as easy as it seems. Many who try to quit smoking end up picking the habit back up again. As such, healthcare providers are now recommending electronic cigarettes as a safe way to quit smoking. Thus far, electronic cigarettes have been shown to be more effective in helping people stop smoking altogether.
Reducing Health Risks
Electronic cigarettes are healthier than cigarettes. Cigarettes have a high volume of carcinogens in them. Carcinogens are directly associated with cancer. Cigarettes have many carcinogens and harmful chemicals, including carbon monoxide, ammonia, and others. They have been directly tied to cancers, most notably of the lungs, oesophagus, and mouth.
Electronic cigarettes have not been associated with cancer. Furthermore, they do not have nearly as many carcinogens in them. Some studies have shown that electronic cigarettes have approximately 1/6 the amount of carcinogens that cigarettes contain. This makes them a much safer alternative to smoking cigarettes.
Cigarettes have been associated with stained teeth, bad breath, and a reduced sense of taste and smell. Ex-smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes have reported experiencing an increased sense of taste and smell.
Overall, electronic cigarettes are a much healthier alternative to smoking cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes have far fewer carcinogens and have not been associated with cancer or other negative health effects such as bad breath and diminished senses.
Providing a Simulated Smoking Experience
Electronic cigarettes closely simulate smoking without the harmful side effects. Most attempts to quit through the use of patches or gums fail because they do not mimic the sensation of smoking. Nucig, the electric cigarette company, sells electronic cigarettes that look and feel like real cigarettes. Many ex-smokers who have switched to electronic cigarettes enjoy being able to simulate the act of smoking.
Preferred by Health Care Providers
Electronic cigarettes are preferred by health care providers. Most health care providers would prefer that you Vape instead of smoke. Doctors understand the risks that come from smoking and would rather you replace the habit with something that has not been found to cause health problems.
In addition to electronic cigarettes being preferred by health care providers, they are also preferred by the public. The public does not mind the use of electronic cigarettes nearly as much as smoking. Electronic cigarettes do not produce second-hand smoke or an unpleasant odour; therefore, they are more socially acceptable.
Ultimately, if you have wanted to stop smoking cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are a great replacement. Electronic cigarettes reduce the risk of health problems whilst also providing a simulated smoking experience. They are socially acceptable and preferred by health care providers. Electronic cigarettes are the perfect way to quit smoking and regain control of your life.
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|Nomination:||Rev. Peter Jones (1802-1856)|
Peter Jones (1802-1856) or to use his Ojibwe name, Kahkewaquonaby (“Sacred Feathers”), became in 1833 the first ordained Indigenous Methodist minister in what is now Canada. Thanks to him, and to other Aboriginal Methodist workers, a solid First Nations Methodist Church was established in southern Ontario in the 1820s and 1830s.
The Mississauga Mission on the Credit River, just west of Toronto, or York as it was then known, Winter of 1826-1827. Originally two families occupied these log cottages with two rooms, each family had their own room. From Egerton Ryerson, “THE STORY OF MY LIFE”, ed. J. George Hodgins
(Toronto: William Briggs, 1883), page 59.
Peter Jones was born in 1802, the son of Augustus Jones, a retired surveyor, of Welsh background, born and raised in what is now New York State. Peter’s mother was Tuhbenahneequay (Sarah Henry), a daughter of Wahbanosay, the Mississauga (Ojibwe) chief at the Head of the Lake (present-day Hamilton). Peter grew up with his mother’s people in an Ojibwe world to the age of fourteen. He later spent the next seven years with his father learning English and how to farm.
Portraits (miniature; oil) of Peter Jones : painted by Matilda Jones in London, England, in 1832. Portrait housed at Victoria University Library (Toronto)
After his conversion to Christianity in 1823 the bilingual and bicultural Mississauga become a Methodist church worker with Ojibwe people of the Great Lakes. He worked to help them become Christian farmers. With his brother John he completed several of the earliest translations of the Bible into Ojibwe. He was elected a chief of the Mississaugas of the Credit.
The last known image of Peter Jones, sketched probably in the early 1850s. The illustration appears as the frontispiece in his LIFE AND JOURNALS OF KAH-KE-WA-QUON-NA-BY (Rev. Peter Jones), Wesleyan Missionary (Toronto: Published by Anson Green in the Wesleyan Printing Establishment, 1860)
To raise money for the Methodist missions in Upper Canada, as Ontario was then known, he made three fund-raising tours of Britain. He met his future wife, Eliza Field, on the first. They married in 1833. She became his lifelong ally. As a chief he defended First Nations land rights, and worked to obtain a full and equal partnership between the First Nations and non-Aboriginal settlers. His Life and Journals (1860) and History of the Ojebway Indians (1861) were published posthumously, after his death in 1856.
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1These are the proverbs of Solomon, the son of David and king of Israel. 2They will help you learn to be wise, to accept correction, and to understand wise sayings. 3They will teach you to develop your mind in the right way. You will learn to do what is right and to be honest and fair. 4These proverbs will make even those without education smart. They will teach young people what they need to know and how to use what they have learned. 5Even the wise could become wiser by listening to these proverbs. They will gain understanding and learn to solve difficult problems. 6These sayings will help you understand proverbs, stories with hidden meanings, words of the wise, and other difficult sayings.
7Knowledge begins with fear and respect for the Lord, but stubborn fools hate wisdom and refuse to learn.
Advice to a Son
8My son,#1:8 My son The proverbs in this section may have been directed originally to a teenage boy, perhaps a prince, who was becoming a young man. They are intended to teach him how to be a responsible person and leader who loves and respects God. listen to your father when he corrects you, and don’t ignore what your mother teaches you. 9What you learn from your parents will bring you honor and respect, like a crown or a gold medal.#1:9 Literally, “They are like a wreath of favor to your head and a necklace around your neck.”
10My son, those who love to do wrong will try to trick you. Don’t listen to them. 11They will say, “Come with us. Let’s hide and beat to death anyone who happens to walk by. 12We will swallow them whole, as the grave swallows the dying. 13We will take everything they have and fill our houses with stolen goods. 14So join us, and you can share everything we get.”
15My son, don’t follow them. Don’t even take the first step along that path. 16They run to do something evil, and they cannot wait to kill someone.
17You cannot trap birds with a net if they see you spreading it out. 18But evil people cannot see the trap they set for themselves. 19This is what happens to those who are greedy. Whatever they get destroys them.
The Good Woman—Wisdom
20Listen! Wisdom#1:20 Wisdom Wisdom is pictured here as a good woman trying to get the attention of this young man, calling him to be wise and obey God. In a later passage (9:13-18), Foolishness is represented as another woman who is urging him toward a life of sin. is shouting in the streets. She is crying out in the marketplace. 21She is calling out where the noisy crowd gathers:
22“Fools, how long will you love being ignorant? How long will you make fun of wisdom? How long will you hate knowledge? 23I wanted to tell you everything I knew and give you all my knowledge, but you didn’t listen to my advice and teaching.
24“I tried to help, but you refused to listen. I offered my hand, but you turned away from me. 25You ignored my advice and refused to be corrected. 26So I will laugh at your troubles and make fun of you when what you fear happens. 27Disasters will strike you like a storm. Problems will pound you like a strong wind. Trouble and misery will weigh you down.
28“Fools will call for me, but I will not answer. They will look for me, but they will not find me. 29That is because they hated knowledge. They refused to fear and respect the Lord. 30They ignored my advice and refused to be corrected. 31They filled their lives with what they wanted. They went their own way, so they will get what they deserve.
32“Fools die because they refuse to follow wisdom. They are content to follow their foolish ways, and that will destroy them. 33But those who listen to me will live in safety and comfort. They will have nothing to fear.”
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Whether we want to think about it or not, flu season is upon us. Fortunately flu activity is low in the US right now, but according to tracking managed by the CDC, there are early signs that activity is beginning to increase. And we all know what that means: messages everywhere you look about getting your flu shot. At Lockton, we’re no exception – we, too, want you to know how to protect yourself from the flu. (Read our alert.)
Despite what we know about the potential effectiveness of the flu vaccine, some people remain skeptical, avoiding the flu shot like most people avoid the plague.
Are you one of those people that think getting the flu is no big deal? If so, I urge you to think again. As much as 20 percent of US residents get the flu each year. Though the majority of these individuals will recover, many will not. In fact, the CDC estimates that from 1967-2007, flu-associated deaths ranged from 3,000 to 49,000 people annually. If you ask me, that’s definitely a big deal.
Last year’s flu vaccine wasn’t particularly effective, due to a flu virus that changed. As a result, we’re likely dealing with a healthy new dose of skepticism about flu shots this year. But don’t let that deter you from getting your flu shot. Even a flu vaccine that isn’t an exact match for circulating strains of flu can still provide some level of protection against related viruses.
Still on the fence? Check out this piece from Employee Benefits News, debunking common myths about the flu shot.
Now go get that shot.
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This blog serves as a current awareness resource for recently published federal and Wisconsin government publications.
Wednesday, November 30, 2016
Immigrant Voting in the United States
"In recent decades, immigration has driven population growth more than natural increase. Therefore, it is useful to examine the degree to which immigration status shapes the voting-eligible population, or “electorate.” Anew reportreleased today from the U.S. Census Bureau examines a number of generational characteristics, including voting patterns.
In 2012, there were 214.8 million U.S. residents who satisfied both the age and citizenship requirements for voting. The Constitution stipulates that voters must be at least 18 years of age and U.S. citizens by birthright or naturalization...." Immigrant voting
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Rhinos have existed on our planet for 60 million years, and there used to be around 30 species. Today only five are still around: the white Rhino and black Rhino - which live in Africa, as well as the Indian Rhinoceros, Javan Rhinoceros and the Sumatran Rhinoceros found in Asia. Extensive poaching and deforestation of rainforest have had severe effects on these outstanding animals and caused their numbers to decline sharply. Now it’s a race against time for the species to survive. But now comes news from Indonesia that is spreading hope to animal lovers worldwide.
Rhino mother Ratu, a Sumatran Rhinoceros, had been restless for several days and had wandered around at home in the Indonesian national park, Way Kambas. It was finally time.
On the 12th of May at 4:42, Ratu gave birth to a healthy small calf weighing about 20 kg. He was born healthy an was quick to cuddle with his mother.
“Once again Ratu shows us that she is a very good mother,” said Dr. Zulfi Arsan, head veterinarian at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary.
This is Mother Ratu’s second baby. Her first, Andatu, was born in 2012 and the latest member of the family is being celebrated by animal lovers worldwide.
Sumatran rhinoceros are critically endangered, with less than a 100 left around the world.
But the baby rhino’s birth is now spreading joy and hope that this magnificent breed will be able to have a brighter future.
“We are overjoyed that Ratu delivered a healthy calf and are cautiously optimistic that the calf will continue to thrive. She’s absolutely adorable, and we haven’t stopped smiling since the moment we were sure she was alive and healthy. While one birth does not save the species, it’s one more Sumatran rhino on Earth,” said Dr. Suie Ellis, executive director of the IRF.
Luckily someone was there to capture this magnificent moment of the baby’s birth. And we have it here for you.
At Newsner, we love animals and believe in treating them with utmost respect. Please like our page if you do, too.
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When Barack Obama took his second oath of office and shortly after gave his inaugural speech, he made clear where his priorities lay. If we wanted to put it into a concise sentence, it could be summed up into “America First”. The focus was on domestic rather than foreign policy.
The lack of foreign policy issues in the speech is in no way surprising, considering the challenges that await Obama at home. Amongst what people have toted as a “liberal” agenda, he declared his support for gay rights, the importance of combatting climate change and the need for gun control. Foreign policy remains on the agenda, of course, as the President made clear when he spoke about alliances across the globe and the United States’ continuous support for democracy all over the world. John Kerry, who has been confirmed by the Senate to replace Hillary Rodham Clinton as Secretary of State, made clear in his confirmation hearing that the administration in no way means to take a step back from issues such as Iran’s nuclear threat or the Middle East peace process.
The inaugural speech however proved to many that domestic policy was at the forefront of the president’s agenda for his second term. Calling upon the constitution as the unifying force that brings all Americans together, President Obama praised his country’s history of inclusion and support for those less fortunate, its economic progress, and a strong workforce as the basis of its success. He called upon the country’s rich history and governmental capability to adapt, a trait it has proven so often in the past. In the following parts of his speech, he outlined the issues to be tackled in his second term: support and commitment to each other through further development and implementation of the health care system, fighting climate change and the threat it poses to future generations, equal pay for women and equal rights for homosexuals as well as better integration of immigrants.
Phrases in his speech like “Our journey is not complete until our gay brothers and sisters are treated like anyone else under the law – for if we are truly created equal, then surely the love we commit to one another must be equal as well” made it clear that his goal, in short, is to ensure that the Pursuit of Happiness remains an achievable goal for all American citizens, no matter their orientation or their country of origin.
Capitalising on his success in the budget negotiations, the president did not drag his feet, announcing new initiatives on gun laws and immigration reform during the first month of the New Year. Empowered by his win and by popular support for a comprehensive immigration reform, Obama, in a meeting with the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, made clear that he was in support of finding a pathway for citizenship for undocumented immigrants and that creating legislation to bring this about would be at the centre of his agenda in 2013. The President also proposed new (executive) action regarding gun laws, that would include banning assault weapons, limiting magazines, stronger controls of trafficking as well as more extensive background checks. With this, too, the administration is reflecting the mood in the general public, which has, after a number of shootings in the last months, made clear that stronger gun regulations are necessary.
Criticism is ripe for all of Obama’s new proposals and the question now therefore is whether these legislations can find the necessary bipartisan support. It is no secret that in his first term, Obama has had to work around a congress that more often than not blocked his proposals on principle. This struggle persists today, as fears arise that any initiative may be opposed simply because the president’s name is attached. Already the gun lobby is protesting, and Democrats from states with high gun ownership are thinking ahead to the midterm elections not wanting to risk losing popular support amongst their constituency. Similar difficulties arise in regards to the immigration overhaul, but the administration remains cautiously optimistic that Congress will act to implement the changes supported by a majority of Americans. The major challenge in the second term will be breaking the deadlock in the Republican-run House of Representatives and, as the president mentioned in the inaugural speech, to work together to help fulfil America’s full potential. The administration is looking to finish what was started and capitalize on the achievements of the president’s first term, without the need to worry about re-election looming over their heads. Obama is hoping to stop “leading from behind”, an accusation heard amongst not only Republicans but also his own supporters, and instead take initiative on the issues mentioned in the speech. However, the fear remains that a direct involvement of the president will, as it so often has in the past, work against him and his goals. Barack Obama mentioned in his inaugural speech, that the US government has in the past adapted to new times and new requirements, and it certainly will have to again if all the challenges are to be met.
As it is so often in politics, the intentions are good but implementation may be difficult. Polling has shown that the American people certainly share the president’s vision of the future and change is on the horizon both socially and politically. Whether their voices will be heard by those who make the decisions remains to be seen; but a president coming off of a strong re-election and a Congress concerned with midterm elections certainly makes for an interesting playing field.
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Smart grids are the future of energy distribution and represent a significant front in the effort to lower global emissions.
Using advanced metering technology, they create a two-way communication between the grid and appliances and are able to smoothly bring more renewable energy into the system. The net result is a more efficient flow and consumption of electricity — reducing costs for consumers and providers, lowering waste, and making power distribution more scalable to meet growing demand.
In 2010, China is the worldwide leader, having designated $7.32 billion for smart grid investment, based on data from Zpryme Research & Consulting, an Austin, Texas, research and consulting firm that draws on stated federal spending figures.
The United States was second at $7.09 billion; Japan was a distant third at $849 million and South Korea was fourth at $824 million. The first European nation was Spain, which finished fifth at $807 million.
The below graphic shows the full top ten, with countries’ sized relative to smart grid investment amount.
* Learn about today’s $2 billion investment that GE is making in China, including two joint ventures on smart grid technologies
* Take a look under the microscopes in our Shanghai lab
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Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the recent times and most of the working-age people suffer from it. There is a lot of awareness about this sugar disease but it is still growing rapidly throughout the world. Along with mid aged people, even children have started showing early signs of diabetes. It is quite risky and if gets out of control, it can also lead to fatal consequences. Thus, it is very important to know the diabetes early symptoms so that you can take actions to prevent and treat it effectively.
Early Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes mellitus
Unlike many other diseases, detecting the early symptoms of diabetes can be really difficult. They can be so silent and hideous that you might not recognize them at all. However, if you pay enough attention to the changes in your body and behaviour, you can identify the first signs of diabetes which will then help you in combating the disease in a better way. Below listed are some of the early signs which you can spot if you are suffering from diabetes:
- Increased hunger, no matter how much you eat.
- Increased thirst, which is then followed by an increase in the frequency of urination.
- Feeling tired all the time.
- Frequent changes in the mood and feeling grumpy.
- Vision starts to become blurry even though you don’t have any eye disease.
- Your wounds are taking too long to heal than the normal time required.
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes in Men
From different types of diabetes, Type 2 is very common in men and it affects around 90% to 95% of the men who are suffering from the disease. However, there are some diabetes symptoms in men which if ignored can turn harmful and lead to far off consequences. If you notice the below symptoms in your body and think that it has become a pattern, waste no time in consulting your doctor:
- An unusual increase in thirst frequently.
- The increase in hunger even after just eating a meal.
- Dry mouth with low saliva.
- Feeling nauseous and occasional urge of vomiting.
- Frequent urination, more than the normal frequency.
- Feeling fatigue, extremely tired, lethargic and weak throughout the time without indulging in any activity.
- Blurry vision is also one of the warning signs of diabetes.
- Numbness in the hand or feet, sometimes a tingling feeling on both.
- Infections of skin or urinary tract can also signify one of the diabetes mellitus symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes in Women
A lot of women are suffering from this sugar disease and many of them suffer from it during their pregnancy. Diabetes symptoms in pregnancy may not be fully visible but it usually occurs in women who are overweight before pregnancy, have a history of diabetes or have a high sugar level. Gestational diabetes symptoms occur during the time of pregnancy and proper care must be taken to avoid them. Below are the most common diabetes symptoms in women:
- Increase in thirst and hunger.
- Wounds of all kinds including cuts and bruises heal relatively slow.
- Unusual weight loss in a short period of time, even when eating sufficiently.
- Difficulty in vision which might look blurry at times.
- Sexual problems including lack of sex drive and low vaginal lubrication.
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes in Children
Diabetes symptoms in children are hard to identify as they can’t articulate as nicely as adults. Thus, as a parent, it is your responsibility to look after diabetes insipidus symptoms in babies and begin with the treatment as early as possible. If you want to know whether your child is showing early signs of diabetes, you must look out for some behavior symptoms that indicate the onset of diabetes. Below are some of the first symptoms of juvenile diabetes that you must look out for in children:
- The increase in thirst and hunger, especially after drinking and eating enough.
- Female children or babies developing a yeast infection can be an early sign of juvenile diabetes.
- Having an itchy skin for a prolonged period.
- Fast heart rate and headache.
- Feeling nauseous frequently or occurrence of vomiting.
- Quick weight loss in a short amount of time.
- Wetting the bed frequently or excessive urination.
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