text
stringlengths 174
640k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 17
values | url
stringlengths 14
1.94k
| file_path
stringlengths 125
142
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 43
156k
| score
float64 2.52
5.34
| int_score
int64 3
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engage your students with this investigation activity! This purchase includes a hook sorting card activity to get students thinking about how our environments influence our culture and the way we live. Then, students will work in pairs or small groups to figure out where four mystery tribes of North America must have lived based on their cultural characteristics and seven map resources that will be assembled in a classroom gallery. Finally, guide your students through a Close Read of a text that looks at one particular tribe, the Powhatan, and how their environment influenced their day-to-day lives. Assess your students using the passage-based written response prompt and score responses using the included rubric!
Great use of Common-Core Reading integration!
|
<urn:uuid:ab250868-d7bc-41f3-97ac-8ba048e8823f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Native-Americans-and-Environment-Gallery-Investigation-and-Close-Read-1879738
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321938.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627221726-20170628001726-00370.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943303
| 143
| 3.6875
| 4
|
Subjective well-being is perhaps the most important concept in Positive Psychology. Simply put, subjective well-being is defined as your evaluations of a) your own life, and b) your moods and emotions–hence the label “subjective”.1
Subjective well-being is the primary way Positive Psychology researchers have defined and measured people’s happiness and well-being.
In this latest article in our article series on the Science behind Well-being, I’ll talk about the three parts of subjective well-being, how life satisfaction can change, and how you can track your own subjective well-being.
The 3 parts of Subjective Well-Being
Subjective well-being consists of three parts: positive affect, negative affect and life satisfaction.
The first two parts of subjective well-being, positive affect and negative affect, are basically your emotions and moods. Affect reflects the basic and immediate experiences in your life. So, positive emotions and moods, and negative emotions and moods.
The third part of subjective well-being, life satisfaction, is the evaluation of your life as a whole.2 Are you satisfied with your life? How are the conditions of your life? Are you close to your ideal life? Have you gotten the important things you want in life? Would you change things about your life? These are all questions aimed to assess life-satisfaction.
It is important to note that life satisfaction is more than the sum of your emotional well-being over a period of time. For instance, habitually happy individuals can be very satisfied with their overall education even though they feel only moderately satisfied with the specific parts of it, e.g. textbooks or classes.3
This is because the mental process through which people judge life satisfaction is an idiosyncratic process in which information is selectively remembered. The process is also easily swayed by transient factors such as the person’s mood or recent events. Unstable and fickle, how we come up with life satisfaction often isn’t rational.
The Stability and Changes in Life Satisfaction.
Despite the often illogical way life satisfaction is constructed, studies have shown that both life satisfaction and affect remain largely stable through the years.4
A longitudinal study conducted by Michigan State researchers, Lucas and Donnellan, found that 34-38% of the variance in life satisfaction can be explained by stable and inherited personality differences; 29-34% of the variance can be explained by a moderately stable component that changes slowly over the years; and 28-37% of the variance is due to random error and occasion-specific effects–the transient factors we talked about.5
Nonetheless, a significant minority of individuals do experience notable changes in their level of life satisfaction.6 In a longitudinal study conducted over 17 years, researchers found that 24% of the participants’ life satisfaction changed significantly.7
It seems that at least some of life’s events do have lasting effects on subjective well-being. Focusing on negative events, examples include unemployment, widowhood, and long-term disabilities.2 The power of these events stems from the broad changes they cause across many parts of a person’s life.
There are significant individual differences in how fast and how much people adapt to these negative life events. This is partly due to stable individual differences such as people’s personalities.
More actionably, these differences may also come from different coping strategies. Good coping strategies include reinterpreting negative events positively, seeking out social support from friends and family, using humor, and seeking out useful information.6
Measuring your Subjective Well-Being
Tracking your own subjective well-being can be very powerful, if you keep a journal of your life’s events alongside. You can learn about how your life satisfaction and emotions fluctuate with the cycles of life, and about which events affect you, and how they affect you.
Keep it up for some time and you will see trends emerge, and be able to adjust your activities in order to maximize positive affect and life satisfaction, and minimize negative affect.
If you want the highest-quality measures, most researchers use the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) to measure life satisfaction, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) to measure positive and negative affect. These are no pop psychology quizzes. If you decide to do this weekly, or even daily if you have the time, you could use the more time-consuming scales above.
An interesting alternative, however, is to track your positive and negative affect throughout the day, once every half-an-hour or once every hour, and your life satisfaction at the end of each day. By diving into the details, you’ll get a clearer understanding of which specific activities give you the most emotional well-being.
One way you can do this is to set alarms on your phone to go off at 30 minute intervals. To measure your affect, you can use a simple 0 to 3 scale to the questions, “Are you feeling positive/negative emotions right now?” — 0: not at all; 1: a little; 2: moderately; 3: strongly.
Input a number each for your positive affect and negative affect, and write down a word or sentence describing what you were doing at that time. You can also elaborate on the specific positive or negative emotion you are feeling.
For the purpose of tracking, it is useful to have categories such as “working”, “doing housework”, “socializing”, etc. Make up your own categories to suit the activities of your life, and be as detailed as you need.
At the end of the day, write down your answer to, “How satisfied are you with your life?”, keeping in mind the questions used to describe life satisfaction. Use this scale: 7: Very satisfied; 6: Moderately satisfied; 5: Slightly satisfied; 4: Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; 3: Slightly dissatisfied; 2: Moderately dissatisfied; 1: Very dissatisfied.
Maintain this regime for a few weeks, then take a look at the trends that have emerged. Which activities make you happy; which activities make you unhappy? Which days are you the most satisfied with your life?
And finally, with what you know, what can you change to make your life better?
|
<urn:uuid:8884772e-9747-4823-9e26-2bfc3c2e8eb7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://livingmeanings.com/subjective-well-being-measuring-happiness/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323970.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629121355-20170629141355-00530.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941977
| 1,318
| 3.578125
| 4
|
I have been asked to sit on the panel for the next Headmaster’s Symposium at Canadian Academy. The topic for discussion is “The Future of CA”. This is meant to encompass strategies to help CA survive challenging economic times in Japan, and consider what schools will look like in 20-30 years’ time.
I have decided to focus my remarks on the future of education in general, as this is the aspect of the symposium that fascinates me the most.
Traditional high school instruction with the teacher at the front lecturing will become a thing of the past.
So-called 21st Century Learning, is all about:
- kids being more creative
- kids producing
- kids researching for themselves
- kids owning their learning, rather than being passed information
- kids navigating abundant information in search of the relevant
IB MYP is great for this: in math we no longer just give tests, or the occasional interesting project. Students are expected to create math models themselves and evaluate their usefulness and accuracy, or investigate a property – usually with tech tools – and generalize, then justify why the rule works.
Learning is going to be less about technical skills and more about analyzing, applying and transferring skills. Enables students to have a deeper understanding of the concepts and of mathematics in general.
The MYP way further ahead than DP on this. In mathematics, DP is about covering a load of content. The test is worth 80% of the student’s “grade”, compared with 25% in the MYP NC.
One recent trend in education has been that of the flipped classroom: the content does not need to be delivered in the classroom any more. The general idea of flipping the classroom is to make the most of the coming together of human resources: peers and teachers and the physical resources that a classroom provides.
Questions, not answers
Learning is becoming less about the answers. Anyone can get the answers within 60 seconds. Learning is now about asking questions: teachers and students asking questions, teachers helping students to learn to ask the right questions.
How should a classroom or school look?
Physical characteristics of a school and classroom: pen and paper, written word still important. Students still need to come together to learn – collaboration with peers is very high on The Hattie Scale. Teachers still vital as guides – and adult authority & role models from outside of the family.
What I would like to see is more open plan classrooms and a less structured bell schedule: where kids could access the teacher they need to speak with. Eg my calculus class hardly needed me, whereas my I have students in my 10+ spending time with me after school nearly every afternoon. I admit that this might be idealistic, though, as the practicalities of such a system could be very challenging.
What does CA have to do?
Many things we are already doing very well:
- Faculty, in particular recent hires have brought youth, and innovative teaching strategies to the school
- PD – great PD opportunities – we have been able to get out to places like Learning2.0 and bring trends that enhance learning back to CA
- Introduction of laptops in Aug 2010 – see benefits in the long-term.
- Introduction of the MYP.
To keep up, we need to keep in touch with the cutting edge of education, and remain open to, but think critically about, new ideas.
The world is becoming more of a global village. I think it is imperative for CA to remain open to, but think critically about, the forward movements in education. It’s a very exciting time to be alive, and a very exciting time to be in education. So much progress is being made and will continue. Resources such as twitter (Steven Johnson – where good ideas come from), the flat classroom, google hang-outs, Wolfram Alpha allow us to learn, innovate, and develop, more than ever before.
|
<urn:uuid:046594d8-aa47-41cb-aac6-0762ff4524c7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://eadurkin.wordpress.com/2013/05/19/how-will-education-look-in-the-future/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320023.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623063716-20170623083716-00169.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958731
| 809
| 2.640625
| 3
|
Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski
|Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski|
June 6, 1872|
Dworszowice Kościelne, Poland
|Died||April 27, 1954
|Resting place||Powązki Cemetery, Warsaw|
|Institutions||Royal Observatory of Belgium, Polish Meteorological Institute (Warsaw)|
|Alma mater||University of Liège, Belgium|
|Known for||participation in the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, studies of the cryosphere|
Dobrowolski was born into an indigent family and supported himself from the age of 12 by teaching younger students while a high school student in Warsaw. His involvement in seeking Polish independence led to a conviction to three years imprisonment in the Caucasus, but after two years he escaped and started studying in Switzerland and Belgium.
Belgian Antarctic Expedition
While still a student in biology, physics and chemistry at the University of Liège he took part in the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897-1899) as assistant meteorologist. Henryk Arctowski, who was in charge of physical observations, was initially unsuccessfully in convincing expedition commander Adrien de Gerlache to take him on, but when the Belgica had to return to Ostend for repairs and the ship's doctor and a sailor quit, he was contracted as a sailor.
However, his substantial scientific contributions prompted de Gerlache to formally promote him in March 1898. Arctowski and Dobrowolski were the first to conduct year-round meteorological and hydrographical observations off Antarctica. In addition he studied ice crystallography and light phenomena in ice clouds. These data enabled him to write a monumental treatise on the crystallography of ice and snow.
In 1907 Nicholas II of Russia declared amnesty for political refugees, enabling Dobrowolski to return to Warsaw. Until 1914, he worked as a schoolteacher. During the First World War he lived in Sweden, where he studied ice and snow formation. After the war he returned to Poland, where he finished his treatise on the crystallography of ice and snow, Natural History of Ice (Historia naturalna lodu). The concept of the cryosphere can be traced back to this monogram. He also published works on pedagogy and research ethics, while teaching pedagogy at the Polish Free University in Warsaw, and was deeply involved in the organization of education in newly independent Poland. In 1924 he was appointed deputy director, and later director, of the Polish Meteorological Institute in Warsaw.
He founded several observatories and the Society of Geophysicists in Warsaw, and actively promoted polar research in Poland. During the second Polar Year (1932-1933) he provided practical help and advice to the Polish expedition that overwintered on Bear Island. He headed the organizing committee of the 1934 Polish expedition to Spitsbergen, and was involved with the 1938 Polish Expedition to Oscar II Land. After the Second World War he pushed for further Polish scientific involvement in Polar research. He died in 1954, without seeing the implementation of his ideas in the Polish participation in the International Geophysical Year. His fellow Polish explorers and scientists regarded him as a "father figure", and he naturally became a center of Polar knowledge.
- Barry, R.G.; Jania, J.; Birkenmajer, K. (April 2011). "A. B. Dobrowolski – the first cryospheric scientist – and the subsequent development of cryospheric science". History of Geo- and Space Sciences. 2: 75–79. doi:10.5194/hgss-2-75-2011.
- Machowski, Jacek (1998). "Contribution of H. Arctowski and A. B. Dobrowolski to the Antarctic Expedition of Belgica (1897-1899)" (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 19 (1–2): 15–30.
- Kløver, Geir O., ed. (2010). Antarctic Pioneers. The Voyage of the Belgica 1897-99. Oslo, Norway: The Fram Museum. p. 119. ISBN 978-82-8235-007-5.
- Machowski, Jacek (1998). "Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski (6 June 1872-27 April 1954)" (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 19 (1–2): 11–13.
- Popiołek, Joanna (1998). "Polar Action of Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski in the interwar period" (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 19 (1–2): 31–36.
- Birkenmajer, Krzysztof (1998). "Centennial of participation of H. Arktowski and A. B. Dobrowolski in the Belgica Expedition to West Antarctica (1897-1899)" (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 19 (1–2): 4–6.
- "Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica". Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
|
<urn:uuid:db233882-0fa2-47ef-b2ef-df96442936db>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoni_Boles%C5%82aw_Dobrowolski
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320023.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623063716-20170623083716-00169.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.91298
| 1,067
| 3.0625
| 3
|
Void detection is challenging due to the complexity of near-surface materials and the limited resolution of geophysical methods. Although multichannel, high-frequency, surface-wave techniques can provide reliable shear (S)-wave velocities in different geological settings, they are not suitable for detecting voids directly based on anomalies of the S-wave velocity because of limitations on the resolution of S-wave velocity profiles inverted from surface-wave phase velocities. Xia et al. (2006a) derived a Rayleigh-wave diffraction traveltime equation due to a void in the homogeneous half space. Encouraging results of directly detecting a void from Rayleigh-wave diffractions were presented (Xia et al., 2006a). In this paper we used four two-dimensional square voids in the layered half space to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting a void with Rayleigh-wave diffractions. Rayleigh-wave diffractions were recognizable for all these models after removing direct surface waves by F-K filtering. We evaluate the feasibility of applying the Rayleigh-wave diffraction traveltime equation to a void in the layered earth model. The phase velocity of diffracted Rayleigh waves is predominately determined by surrounding materials of a void. The modeling results demonstrate that the Rayleigh-wave diffraction traveltime equation due to a void in the homogeneous half space can be applied to the case of a void in the layered half space. In practice, only two diffraction times are necessary to define the depth to the top of a void and the average velocity of diffracted Rayleigh waves. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
Additional publication details
Rayleigh-wave diffractions due to a void in the layered half space
|
<urn:uuid:dd5e9023-dfd2-4767-9039-ec4f94df05be>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031032
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320023.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623063716-20170623083716-00169.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.900299
| 352
| 2.953125
| 3
|
Ingmar's "worry" now a tragic reality
On the eve of the Kinder Morgan decision, an oil-carrying vessel tests marine disaster response—and finds it lacking.
IN JUNE 2015, Focus ran a story on the risks to the coast posed by the Nathan E. Stewart, an articulated tug barge (ATB), potentially spilling millions of litres of hydrocarbon fuels from its two 300-foot barges. The article, entitled “Ingmar’s Worry,” profiled Denny Island citizen Ingmar Lee, who had been trying unsuccessfully to raise awareness for over two years about the potential of a spill from this Alaskan vessel that regularly transported bunker oil, heating oil, gasoline, aviation fuel and diesel to Alaskans through the Inside Passage.
As Lee pointed out in his Facebook blog (10,000 Ton Tanker), moving 14,000 tonnes of petroleum product in the “voluntary exclusion zone,” (the zone applies to loaded oil tankers servicing Alaska from Washington) was a mini Exxon Valdez waiting to happen. “It is just a matter of time,” he had said. Lee’s correspondence with Transport Canada had made no inroads with an agency which had shored up its concerns with a regulation requiring double-hulls for the barges as of January 2015. The Pacific Pilotage Authority had also covered themselves by a seemingly compulsory requirement for pilots in sensitive or busy waterways.
The Nathan E. Stewart, however, was given a special exemption from this rule and allowed to operate without a pilot despite a near-disaster in Alaskan waters in 2011. Ingmar Lee pointed all this out in 2015.
On October 13 of this year, Ingmar’s “worry” became Ingmar’s “fulfilled prophecy” and the consequences are being felt from here to Ottawa—but nowhere more so than the heart of the Great Bear Rainforest. That’s where the tug sank with over 200,000 litres of diesel fuel, considered one of the most acutely toxic oil types. The only consolation is that it wasn’t the full load, which could have meant millions of litres of fuels being released. The petroleum barges it was pushing were mostly empty when the Nathan E. Stewart struck a reef.
In a terrible irony, however, the spill couldn’t have been more devastating to the two communities that have worked so hard to protect the coast from oil spills.
The tug hit Edge Reef near Athlone Island in the heart of Heiltsuk First Nations territory. Athlone is a classic outer coastal island with white sandy beaches on the windward western shores, sheltered estuaries full of clams, eelgrass and salt marshes, gnarly rocky reefs alive with fish, deep blue-green lagoons where dozens of species of shorebirds forage, and mossy, bog uplands where fishing wolves make day beds with vistas out over Hecate Strait.
Glimpses of Athlone can be seen in the background of Lee’s videos of the Nathan E. Stewart as it disappears underwater on October 14. As he reported in a recent blog post: “The last, lonely stand of the wretched Nathan E. Stewart, sunk and swaying on the reef, and continuing to pollute Seaforth Channel.”
The outer island of the Seaforth Channel archipelago, Athlone is only 25 kilometres from Campbell Island where the Heiltsuk community of Bella Bella is located and Denny Island where Lee lives with his partner, biologist Krista Roessingh.
Environmental organizations, Pacific Wild and Raincoast Conservation Foundation, both very active in compiling research on the region’s fish and wildlife populations, base their research operations there. The spill is an hour by skiff from where the royals were gathered this summer to pay tribute to the efforts of First Nations and environmental allies to protect the region.
Jess Housty, councillor and a spokesperson on the spill for the Heiltsuk First Nation, called the spill “an environmental disaster.” The respective blogs of Lee and Housty (#heiltsukvoice) paint a very different picture of the response to the spill than what people are reading in mainstream media.
The Vancouver Sun ran the headline, “A race to drain diesel fuel from sunken tug underway off BC coast.” Roessingh characterized the response as hardly a race on October 17: “I was told that when I volunteered to come out that the WCMRC [Western Canada Marine Response Corporation] folks would be paired with each of the volunteer boats to guide us in what we were supposed to do with the clean-up. [But] this is the first time I have seen any of their crew up here and it is the third day. I don’t think people from the outside have a very good sense of what things are like up here.”
Heiltsuk Chief Councillor Marilyn Slett described the response as “slow and frustrating”—definitely not world-class, as is so often touted. Both supplies and personnel were delayed in arriving, she said. One immediate cost will be the clam fishery that was due to open in November and normally generates a crucial $150,000 for the Nation.
Wesley Vickers and Ron Martin, two of the Heiltsuk volunteers at the spill, told of the intertidal areas covered with diesel. Housty, manning a Heiltsuk rescue operation from her office in Bella Bella and clearly exhausted after helping coordinate the local volunteer efforts, described their work as heartbreaking. A release from the Nation noted, “We have limited resources to house, feed, and manage the influx of people in our community. We are bridging fuel costs for the dozens of community members who have put themselves and their boats forward to protect and clean their precious waters. Our staff and leadership are working around the clock to ensure we’re doing everything we can in this trying time.”
After the WCMRC crews arrived and attempted to pump out the submerged tug’s fuel tanks, the storms began to hit, preventing oil-removal activities. The high winds and swells caused concern that the tug would move, causing further oil leakage and making subsequent recovery efforts even more difficult.
Chief of clean-up operations for the Heiltsuk, William Housty, lamented, “The damage has been done.”
But more came. On October 21, the Heiltsuk reported that a boom caught on a rock at low tide created a breach in a barrier, allowing diesel to escape into Gale Passage and surrounding waters, important herring spawning grounds. “We’re fighting a losing battle because the technology to fully and effectively clean up a spill doesn’t exist,” said Jess Housty.
On October 23, 50-knot winds were expected and the Heiltsuk were reporting containment booms had totally failed and that the community was in a state of shock. (WCMRC was planning to bring in more seaworthy booms.)
The slow response to the incident led Premier Christy Clark to condemn the federal government’s lack of commitment to disaster response on Canada’s West Coast. Federal Transport Minister Marc Garneau did, however, quickly suspend the exemption from piloting in the Seaforth Channel for the Nathan E. Stewart and all other vessels owned by the Texan company Kirby Corporation. Lee commented: “Too little, too late.” His recommendation has always been that the 50+ ATB deliveries of Alaska’s fuels should be consolidated into one or two tankers which, like all the other deliveries by tankers, stay 20 miles offshore instead of plying the Inside Passage. Part of Lee’s worry was that the increasing use of the ATBs were “normalizing” the movement of large volumes of hydrocarbons in the Inside Passage.
Minister Garneau’s statement speaks about “a coastal strategy to improve marine safety in a meaningful way.” But many doubt there’s any meaningful, reliable way to prevent oil spills without preventing marine oil-carrier traffic itself. The Nathan E. Stewart’s demise, and the slow disaster response, have crystallized BC residents’ worst fears around transporting hydrocarbons in coastal waters.
The disaster highlights the inherent conflicts of interest that still persist. The WCMRC has a monopoly in marine oil spill response. Fifty percent of it is owned by Kinder Morgan and partners Suncorp, Shell, Imperial Oil and Chevron. Kinder Morgan’s Westridge terminal was one of Nathan E. Stewart’s fill-up stops. Is there an end in sight for this arrangement?
Another worrying trend is the appearance of the organization Clear Seas, which was set up by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, the federal and Alberta governments, and the shipping industry to research and report on safe, sustainable marine shipping in Canada. Clear Seas had no media releases on the spill and were not picking up their phone on October 18. On their website it was noted Clear Seas’ executives were attending the Salish Sea Oil Spill Risk Mitigation Workshop in Seattle that week, presumably while the good people of Bella Bella were cleaning up the mess. The organization and its funders seem more invested in mitigating future oil spills in the Salish Sea than preventing or accurately reporting on existing marine safety and oil spills in real time.
We can anticipate a whole lot of shiny words coming out of this body towards December. That’s when the federal government will decide on the Kinder Morgan pipeline. Government approval of that project would mean close to 400 additional oil tankers plying coastal waters.
Meanwhile, besides working to contain and clean up the spill, the Heiltsuk Nation has launched an investigation of the Nathan E. Stewart incident. Their report will likely be the best one to read—and the one most ignored—unless a true sea change is about to begin.
|
<urn:uuid:9678b5ff-5fa3-4fc3-a9c2-8a6c445b56bc>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://pacificwild.org/news-and-resources/pacific-wild-in-the-news/ingmars-worry-now-a-tragic-reality
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320338.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624203022-20170624223022-00330.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.960488
| 2,080
| 2.546875
| 3
|
Lichen, any of about 15,000 species of thallophytic plantlike organisms that consist of a symbiotic association of algae (usually green) or cyanobacteria and fungi (mostly ascomycetes and basidiomycetes). Lichens are found worldwide and occur in a variety of environmental conditions. A diverse group of organisms, they can colonize a wide range of surfaces and are frequently found on tree bark, exposed rock, and as a part of biological soil crust. Lichens have been used by humans as food and as sources of medicine and dye. They also provide two-thirds of the food supply for the caribou and reindeer that roam the far northern ranges.
Lichens were once classified as single organisms—until the advent of microscopy, when the association of fungi with algae or cyanobacteria became evident. Although lichens had been assumed to consist of a single fungus species (usually an ascomycete) and a single photosynthetic partner, research suggests that many macrolichens also feature specific basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of the organism. There is still some discussion about how to classify lichens, though many taxonomists rely on genetic analyses in addition to traditional morphological data.
Read More on This Topic
The composite body of a lichen is called a thallus (plural thalli); the body is anchored to its substrate by hairlike growths called rhizines. Lichens that form a crustlike covering that is thin and tightly bound to the substrate are called crustose. Squamulose lichens are small and leafy with loose attachments to the substrate. Foliose lichens are large and leafy, reaching diameters of several feet in some species, and are usually attached to the substrate by their large platelike thalli at the centre. In addition to their morphological forms, lichen thalli are also classified by the ratio of phycobiont cells (i.e., cells of the photosynthetic partner) to mycobiont cells (i.e., cells of the fungus). The homoeomerous type of thallus consists of numerous algal cells distributed among a lesser number of fungal cells, while the heteromerous thallus has a predominance of fungal cells.
Evolutionarily, it is not certain when fungi and algae came together to form lichens for the first time, but it was certainly after the mature development of the separate components. As symbionts, the basis of their relationship is the mutual benefit that they provide each other. The photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria form simple carbohydrates that, when excreted, are absorbed by fungi cells and transformed into a different carbohydrate. In at least one case, Peltigera polydactyla, the exchange occurs within two minutes. The phycobionts also produce vitamins that the fungi need. Fungi contribute to the symbiosis by absorbing water vapour from the air and by providing much-needed shade for the light-sensitive algae beneath.
Lichens are long-lived and grow relatively slowly, and there is still some question as to how they propagate. Most botanists agree that the most common means of reproduction is vegetative; that is, portions of an existing lichen break off and fall away to begin new growth nearby.
|
<urn:uuid:a40d3860-6e13-4c7f-a770-88d971d0f8a5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.britannica.com/science/lichen
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320338.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624203022-20170624223022-00330.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955848
| 698
| 4.28125
| 4
|
On Thursday, 20 June, 2013, President Bob Hatfield represented the Workers’ History Museum as Peter Kent, Minister of Environment and Parks Canada, unveiled a plaque commemorating the national historic significance of the contributions of the Rideau Canal workers.
Hatfield remarked that it was a “moving ceremony,” especially noting the speech by Kevin Dooley of the Canal Workers Commemorative Group that made reference to the canal workers – the Irish and French Canadians in particular – who laboured to build the canal, and to the hundreds of workers and family members whose lives were sacrificed during its construction. “He made the connection between those people and workers today who are still being injured and dying at work,” said Hatfield, “and how that struggle for better safety conditions for workers is an important one, and an ongoing one.”
Ensuring that workers were recognized in this national monument was an important campaign for the WHM. An earlier designation of the Rideau Canal as a site of historical import credited Colonel John By, who supervised construction, but failed to mention those who actually built the canal: the Scottish and English masons and the labourers – the Navvies – who were largely Irish immigrants and French Canadians.
This oversight was contested by the CWCG. The WHM was among the groups that successfully lobbied Minister Peter Kent and other parties in support of the CWCG’s proposal. The contributions and sacrifices of working men and women are now enshrined on the plaque that stands at the Rideau Locks in Ottawa.
For more information about the ceremony and the struggle for recognition, please see Kevin Dooley’s report at True North Perspective.
By Cydney Foote, photo by Bob Hatfield.
|
<urn:uuid:fcfd4032-613c-497c-94bb-5239426b0923>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://workershistorymuseum.ca/workers-history-commemorated-in-rideau-canal-plaque/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320539.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625152316-20170625172316-00410.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975326
| 358
| 2.703125
| 3
|
Why do this problem?
is is very good as a spatial challenge. Some pupils who are not high-achieving in number work may excel in spatial work and this gives them that opportunity.
You can lead up to this challenge by starting with a cube using two colours first. Having plenty of interlocking cubes available for children to try out their ideas will be essential.
How could you start the cube?
Is there only one way of doing it?
Have you all got the same solution?
Are some of the solutions similar?
|
<urn:uuid:17431724-33fd-4e9f-8885-d0d21f1d57d7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://nrich.maths.org/1027/note
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320707.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626101322-20170626121322-00490.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.923782
| 110
| 3.125
| 3
|
Eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy, January 2011 (left, © Flickr/Ivan Iraci) and damage to trees in the area (right, © Flickr/Luca Mondini)
There are approximately 1 500 potentially active volcanoes worldwide, plus hundreds more on the ocean floor. About 500 of these have erupted in historical time. Many of these are located along the Pacific Rim in what is known as the "Ring of Fire".
The intense force of the blast, and the large amount of earth that is either moved or covered with various kinds of debris, makes volcanic eruptions more severe than the hottest fire or the most intense windstorm. Impacts diminish as distance from the volcano increases.
Volcano hazards that may impact forests include:
Young forests are most at risk from ashfall; stands of trees less than two years old are likely to be destroyed by ash deposits thicker than 100 millimetres. Mature trees are unlikely to succumb from ashfall deposition alone, but the accumulated weight of ash can break large branches in cases of heavy ashfall (>500 mm). Defoliation of trees may also occur.
Abiotic disturbances and their influence on forest health
Download full publication (PDF):
|
<urn:uuid:bca3e466-67af-4438-8070-4818c3ff6048>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.fao.org/forestry/abiotics/71651/en/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320707.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626101322-20170626121322-00490.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959569
| 247
| 4.15625
| 4
|
On Wednesday October 5, the CBC National News team was at Ostrander Point and the Observatory and filmed a Sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus) caught and banded. Accipiters are small to medium-sized hawks known for their swift flight. This CBC News video is now available through our online link.
The CBC has made a major shift in it’s stance toward wind turbines and their relationship to health and property values. We hope this broadcast indicates a more pro-active position in their reports about the environmental risks of industrial wind turbines.
The story angle examines the rift between different environmental groups and includes a brief statement from a Gilead Power representative, who vows to shut down the industrial wind turbines if bird deaths occur. As the CBC notes that the south shore IBA is a major migratory flyway, no doubt Gilead’s turbines will barely run at all.
If this is the case, perhaps the proposal for installing IWTs in this sensitive area should be abandoned altogether.
|
<urn:uuid:b02f86da-7f1a-4a82-9ea6-8815eac2f634>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://southshoreconservancy.wordpress.com/tag/sharp-shinned-hawk/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320995.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627050500-20170627070500-00570.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946834
| 214
| 2.53125
| 3
|
Creating a 3D model of the solar system is a staple of any grade school science program. A simple trip to a crafts store is all you'll need to get started on building an accurate 3D solar system.
Identify the foam balls with their planetary counterparts. The sun is the 6-inch ball; the 4-inch ball is Jupiter; the 3-inch ball is Saturn; the 2 1/2-inch ball is Uranus; the 2-inch ball is Neptune; the 1-inch ball is Mercury; 1 1/2-inch balls represent Venus and Earth; and 1 1/4-inch balls represent Mars and Pluto. The rings circle Saturn.
Paint the planets. Using the toothpick to hold the planets and the paintbrush to apply color, paint the planets with their appropriate colors. Mercury is gray; Venus, light yellow; Earth, blue and green; Mars, red; Jupiter, bands of orange and white; Saturn, light yellow; Saturn's rings, light brown/red; Uranus, light blue; Neptune, light blue; and Pluto, light brown.
Cut the wooden skewers into lengths representing the distance from the sun. Mercury would be 2 1/2 inches from the sun; Venus, 4 inches; Earth, 5 inches; Mars, 6 inches; Jupiter, 7 inches; Saturn, 8 inches; Uranus, 10 inches; Neptune, 11 1/2 inches; and Pluto, 14 inches.
Glue one end of the cut skewers into their corresponding planets. Use toothpicks to hold Saturn's rings in place around the planet.
Glue the other end of the skewers into the sun around its center in order of distance closet to the sun. Allow the glue to dry.
When painting planets with multiple colors, apply one color first and allow the paint to dry before applying the second color. After completing the 3D model of the solar system, you can place a hook into the top of the sun for hanging purposes or use a wooden skewer through the bottom of the sun to attach to a base. In recent years, Pluto has been declassified as a planet, so you may want to exclude it from the 3D solar system.
Have a parent or teacher on hand to supervise the creation of the solar system.
|
<urn:uuid:5e34a057-91bd-4bb2-9f5a-6411711254ef>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://sciencing.com/make-3d-solar-system-5376159.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321961.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627235941-20170628015941-00650.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.891992
| 470
| 3.796875
| 4
|
Powered By Square1.io
Pancakes Tuesday is upon us again. In my house the pancake is not so much an annual event, but a weekly one and with that kind of frequency we have covered a lot of questions about this delicious food.
So, if like me, you have ever wondered about the history of the pancake, the science of getting them just right, why they are round or even the formula for the perfect pancake flip (L = 4 H /P- D / 2 if you’re interested) then read on!
The first pancake
Before we delve into the science behind the perfect pancake, here is a bit of history. The pancake as we know it seems to be the mastermind of the ancient Greeks. In the 6th century they started combining ground wheat with olive oil, honey and milk – and so the first pancake was born. If we expand our basic ideas on what a pancake really is we could look back further still to the process of making flat bread from ground grains and nuts mixed with milk or water, dating back to the Neolithic period.
The more modern variety
If we start within Europe a modern pancake can be classified as the round flat variety similar to the French crepe; it contains some form of flour and a liquid such as milk or water. These flat pancakes usually also contain eggs and butter, and sugar in the sweetened variety. Then we also have the thicker, fluffier pancakes that contain a raising agent; the name and variation of these include Scottish pancakes, drop scones and of course the well know buttermilk pancakes – an American staple.
What goes into a pancake?
If we take a closer look at the primary ingredients we begin to see the complexity and science that really goes into making the perfect pancake:
FLOUR… the backbone of the pancake as it provides structure
SUGAR….as well as adding to the pancakes taste and colour, sugar also keeps the pancake from getting too thick and stodgy
EGGS…. the proteins in the eggs add to the structure of the pancake and to the overall flavour
BUTTER/FAT… as with the sugar, the fats keep the pancake tender and prevent them from becoming overly stodgy
MILK/WATER… the liquid portion of the pancake also adds to the structure and is necessary for certain chemical reactions to occur
RAISING AGENT… as the name suggests, these agents help raise the pancake, making them light and fluffy
You can of course find many varieties with their own local changes and substitutes, one example being potatoes which are commonly used in place of flour, as the starch ingredient.
Flat pancakes and crepes
These types of pancakes usually contain flour, milk and sugar. From the above list we can now predict that the flour is the body of the pancake, it provides the structure, but how does it do this?
There are two proteins found in flour called glutenin and gliadin. Once moisture is added to flour (in this case milk) these two proteins link together to form gluten. Gluten is a “sticky” protein; its stickiness allows it to form a network, adding structure to the batter.
Then there is the sugar, which caramelizes on heating, adding sweetness to the mix and contributing to the colour of the pancake as it cooks. The sugar also prevents the pancakes becoming too thick and stodgy by reducing the amount of gluten produced.
Buttermilk or American style pancakes
What about the thicker pancakes? The main difference between these and their thinner cousins is that they contain a raising agent! Yeast is a biological raising agent used in some baking, it produces carbon dioxide gas while digesting sugar and this gas forms tiny bubbles within the mixture. When heat is added during baking these bubbles expand making the bread/cake “rise”.
The main drawback with baking with yeast is that it requires time and who really wants to wait too long for their breakfast? That is why, when using raising agents in pancake mixtures, we substitute the yeast for bread soda and/or baking powder; but what exactly is the difference between these two?
Bread soda versus Baking powder
Bread soda (also referred to as baking soda) is pure sodium bicarbonate. Baking powder actually contains bread soda but it also contains a powdered acid (usually cream of tartar – potassium bitartrate).
Bread soda (sodium bicarbonate) is an alkali/base and will react with an acid (such as the buttermilk used in pancake batter) producing salt, water and carbon dioxide gas…
BREAD SODA + ACID —–> SALT + H20 + CO2
This carbon dioxide gas gets trapped in thousands of tiny bubbles within the gluten making the batter rise on cooking, forming light and fluffy pancakes (the same process as with the yeast but a lot quicker).
The baking powder has the added advantage of having the acid already present, so once a liquid is added the dry acid and alkali can react in the same way.
So now that we are starting to understand the science of it all how do we use this knowledge to make the best pancakes?
The science of flavour
The Maillard reaction describes a series of chemical reaction between certain amino acids and sugars that create the odours and flavours of food.
Heat is also necessary for these reactions to occur. The Maillard reaction describes the science of flavour.
MAILLARD REACTION: Amino Acids + sugar + heat -> flavour and odour
What exactly does this have to do with our pancakes? Well, Maillard reactions work best in alkali conditions so bread soda is a definite plus is making golden tasty treats. However, if we add too much bread soda the pancake will brown too quickly and will have an acrid burnt flavour; not to mention the unpleasant taste produced from the left over bread soda. It is trickier than you might imagine but luckily someone has already done the science bit for us and worked out the ideal amount of bread soda required.
A little lumpy is OK
We are all used to mixing things thoroughly when baking but that is not always the best way to do it. When it comes to making the best fluffy pancakes, a batter that is a little lumpy is much more ideal. If we over mix we form too many bonds between the gluten molecules and this tight network makes for some pretty flat pancakes.
Time to speed it up
You will be glad to hear that speed is recommended when preparing pancakes; when making buttermilk pancakes we do not want all the bubbles we have created to be lost. Although it is good to allow the batter sit for a few minutes to allow the gluten to “relax” (build up a sufficient network) if left too long the bubbles will burst and the resulting pancakes will be flat and dense.
Why are pancakes round?
Pancakes are round for two main reasons, gravity and surface tension. Once the pancake pan is flat gravity will pull on all parts of the batter uniformly in all directions, pulling it out into a round shape. Add to this surface tension which pulls evenly on the edges, maintaining the round shape as it cooks.
The science of pancake flipping
Would you believe that someone has actually looked into the exact science of flipping a pancake ? I love to see scientists take their pancakes seriously!
According to Professor of Mathematics, Frank Smith, from the University college of London, the simple mathematical formula for the perfect flip is: L = 4H/P – D/2
(L = hand distance from inner edge of the pancake / H = height of flip / D = diameter of pancake)
Or maybe you are more into the speed of it? Not to worry, that has been covered too.
Dr. Tungate, a senior physics lecturer at Birmingham University, found that…
“A pancake should be flipped into the air at a speed of 10 miles-an-hour, which means that it takes less than 0.5 of a second to reach the top of its trajectory.”
The only bit that remains is the science of what you actually put on your pancakes and that’s when I hand it over to you! Whatever toppings you choose, I hope you have a great pancake celebrating day!
|
<urn:uuid:4993123b-8729-4f0e-b5ae-309317e09d35>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.headstuff.org/science/pancake-science/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321961.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627235941-20170628015941-00650.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950405
| 1,739
| 2.890625
| 3
|
John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton
John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, 1st Baron Acton (10 January 1834 – 19 June 1902) was an English historian, commonly known as Lord Acton.
- There are two things which cannot be attacked in front: ignorance and narrow-mindedness. They can only be shaken by the simple development of the contrary qualities. They will not bear discussion.
- Letter (23 January 1861), published in Lord Acton and his Circle (1906) by Abbot Francis Aidan Gasquet, Letter 74
- Every thing secret degenerates, even the administration of justice; nothing is safe that does not show how it can bear discussion and publicity.
- Letter (23 January 1861), published in Lord Acton and his Circle (1906) by Abbot Gasquet, Letter 74
- Without presuming to decide the purely legal question, on which it seems evident to me from Madison's and Hamilton's papers that the Fathers of the Constitution were not agreed, I saw in State Rights the only availing check upon the absolutism of the sovereign will, and secession filled me with hope, not as the destruction but as the redemption of Democracy. The institutions of your Republic have not exercised on the old world the salutary and liberating influence which ought to have belonged to them, by reason of those defects and abuses of principle which the Confederate Constitution was expressly and wisely calculated to remedy. I believed that the example of that great Reform would have blessed all the races of mankind by establishing true freedom purged of the native dangers and disorders of Republics. Therefore I deemed that you were fighting the battles of our liberty, our progress, and our civilization; and I mourn for the stake which was lost at Richmond more deeply than I rejoice over that which was saved at Waterloo.
- The sentiment on which [papal] infallibility was founded could not be reached by argument, the weapon of human reason, but resided in conclusions transcending evidence, and was the inaccessible postulate rather than a demonstrable consequence of a system of religious faith.
- "The Vatican Council," The North British Review (1870)
- To proclaim the Pope infallible was their compendious security against hostile States and Churches, against human liberty and authority, against disintegrating tolerance and rationalizing science, against error and sin.
- "The Vatican Council," The North British Review (1870)
- I cannot accept your canon that we are to judge Pope and King unlike other men, with a favorable presumption that they did no wrong. If there is any presumption it is the other way against holders of power, increasing as the power increases. Historic responsibility has to make up for the want of legal responsibility. Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men, even when they exercise influence and not authority: still more when you superadd the tendency or the certainty of corruption by authority. There is no worse heresy than that the office sanctifies the holder of it. That is the point at which the negation of Catholicism and the negation of Liberalism meet and keep high festival, and the end learns to justify the means.
- Letter to Mandell Creighton (5 April 1887), published in Historical Essays and Studies, by John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton (1907), edited by John Neville Figgis and Reginald Vere Laurence, Appendix, p. 504; also in Essays on Freedom and Power (1972)
- Paraphrased variant: All power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely.
- The inflexible integrity of the moral code is, to me, the secret of the authority, the dignity, the utility of History.
If we may debase the currency for the sake of genius, or success, or rank, or reputation, we may debase it for the sake of a man’s influence, of his religion, of his party, of the good cause which prospers by his credit and suffers by his disgrace. Then History ceases to be a science, an arbiter of controversy, a guide of the Wanderer, the upholder of that moral standard which the powers of earth and religion itself tend constantly to depress. It serves where it ought to reign; and it serves the worst cause better than the purest.
- Letter to Mandell Creighton (5 April 1887), published in Historical Essays and Studies, by John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton (1907), edited by John Neville Figgis and Reginald Vere Laurence, Appendix, p. 504; also in Essays on Freedom and Power (1972)
- ADVICE TO PERSONS ABOUT TO WRITE HISTORY — DON’T
In the Moral Sciences Prejudice is Dishonesty.
A Historian has to fight against temptations special to his mode of life, temptations from Country, Class, Church, College, Party, Authority of talents, solicitation of friends.
The most respectable of these influences are the most dangerous.
The historian who neglects to root them out is exactly like a juror who votes according to his personal likes or dislikes.
In judging men and things Ethics go before Dogma, Politics or Nationality. The Ethics of History cannot be denominational.
Judge not according to the orthodox standard of a system religious, philosophical, political, but according as things promote, or fail to promote the delicacy, integrity, and authority of Conscience.
Put conscience above both system and success.
History provides neither compensation for suffering nor penalties for wrong.
- Postscript of letter to Mandell Creighton (5 April 1887), puplished in Historical Essays and Studies, by John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton (1907), edited by John Neville Figgis and Reginald Vere Laurence, Appendix, p. 505
- The immediate purpose with which the Italians and Germans effected the great change in European constitution was unity, not liberty. They constructed, not securities, but forces. Machiavelli's hour had come.
- History is not a web woven with innocent hands. Among all the causes which degrade and demoralize men, power is the most constant and the most active.
- As quoted in Essays on Freedom and Power, Introduction, p. xlvii (1949)
- Liberty is the prevention of control by others. This requires self-control and, therefore, religious and spiritual influences; education, knowledge, well-being.
- As quoted in Faith in Freedom : Libertarian Principles and Psychiatric Practices (2004) by Thomas Stephen Szasz, p. 10
- "Nationality" in Home and Foreign Review (July 1862); republished in The History of Freedom and Other Essays (1907), p. 288
- Patriotism is in political life what faith is in religion, and it stands to the domestic feelings and to home-sickness as faith to fanaticism and to superstition.
- The man who prefers his country before every other duty shows the same spirit as the man who surrenders every right to the State. They both deny that right is superior to authority.
- A State which is incompetent to satisfy different races condemns itself; a State which labours to neutralise, to absorb, or to expel them, destroys its own vitality; a State which does not include them is destitute of the chief basis of self-government. The theory of nationality, therefore, is a retrograde step in history.
- Whenever a single definite object is made the supreme end of the State, be it the advantage of a class, the safety of the power of the country, the greatest happiness of the greatest number, or the support of any speculative idea, the State becomes for the time inevitably absolute. Liberty alone demands for its realisation the limitation of the public authority, for liberty is the only object which benefits all alike, and provokes no sincere opposition.
- Although, therefore, the theory of nationality is more absurd and more criminal than the theory of socialism, it has an important mission in the world, and marks the final conflict, and therefore the end, of two forces which are the worst enemies of civil freedom, — the absolute monarchy and the revolution.
The History of Freedom in Antiquity (1877)
- Liberty, next to religion has been the motive of good deeds and the common pretext of crime, from the sowing of the seed at Athens, two thousand four hundred and sixty years ago, until the ripened harvest was gathered by men of our race.
- Opening statement.
- In every age its [liberty's] progress has been beset by its natural enemies, by ignorance and superstition, by lust of conquest and by love of ease, by the strong man's craving for power, and the poor man's craving for food.
- At all times sincere friends of freedom have been rare, and its triumphs have been due to minorities, that have prevailed by associating themselves with auxiliaries whose objects often differed from their own; and this association, which is always dangerous, has been sometimes disastrous, by giving to opponents just grounds of opposition, and by kindling dispute over the spoils in the hour of success. No obstacle has been so constant, or so difficult to overcome, as uncertainty and confusion touching the nature of true liberty. If hostile interests have wrought much injury, false ideas have wrought still more; and its advance is recorded in the increase of knowledge, as much as in the improvement of laws.
- By liberty I mean the assurance that every man shall be protected in doing what he believes his duty against the influence of authority and majorities, custom and opinion. The State is competent to assign duties and draw the line between good and evil only in its immediate sphere. Beyond the limits of things necessary for its well-being, it can only give indirect help to fight the battle of life by promoting the influences which prevail against temptation, — religion, education, and the distribution of wealth.
- In ancient times the State absorbed authorities not its own, and intruded on the domain of personal freedom. In the Middle Ages it possessed too little authority, and suffered others to intrude. Modern States fall habitually into both excesses. The most certain test by which we judge whether a country is really free is the amount of security enjoyed by minorities.
- Their [Athenians] history furnishes the classic example of the peril of Democracy under conditions singularly favourable. For the Athenians were not only brave and patriotic and capable of generous sacrifice, but they were the most religious of the Greeks. They venerated the constitution which had given them prosperity and equality and the pride of freedom...They tolerated considerable variety of opinion, and great license of speech...Thus they became the only people of antiquity that grew great by democratic institutions. But the possession of unlimited power, which corrodes the conscience, hardens the heart, and confounds the understanding of monarchs exercised its demoralizing influence on the illustrious Democracy of Athens.
- It is bad to be oppressed by a minority, but it is worse to be oppressed by a majority. For there is a reserve of latent power in the masses which, if it is called into play, the minority can seldom resist. But from the absolute will of an entire people there is no appeal, no redemption, no refuge but treason.
- Liberty and good government do not exclude each other; and there are excellent reasons why they should go together. Liberty is not a means to a higher political end. It is itself the highest political end. It is not for the sake of a good public administration that it is required, but for security in the pursuit of the highest objects of civil society, and of private life. Increase of freedom in the State may sometimes promote mediocrity, and give vitality to prejudice; it may even retard useful legislation, diminish the capacity for war, and restrict the boundaries of Empire.
- Increase of freedom in the state may sometimes promote mediocrity, and give vitality to prejudice; it may even retard useful legislation, diminish the capacity for war, and restrict the boundaries of Empire...A generous spirit prefers that his country should be poor, and weak, and of no account, but free, rather than powerful, prosperous, and enslaved.
- The great question is, to discover not what governments prescribe, but what they ought to prescribe; for no prescription is valid against the conscience of mankind.
- Before God, there is neither Greek nor barbarian, neither rich nor poor; and the slave is as good as his master, for by birth all men are free; they are citizens of that universal commonwealth which embraces all the world, brethren of one family, and children of God.
- The Stoics could only advise the wise man to hold aloof from politics, keeping the unwritten law in his heart. But when Christ said: "Render unto Cæsar the things that are Cæsar's, and unto God the things that are God's," those words, spoken on His last visit to the Temple, three days before His death, gave to the civil power, under the protection of conscience, a sacredness it had never enjoyed, and bounds it had never acknowledged; and they were the repudiation of absolutism and the inauguration of freedom.
The History of Freedom in Christianity (1877)
- Constantine declared his own will equivalent to a canon of the Church. According to Justinian, the Roman people had formally transferred to the emperors the entire plenitude of its authority, and, therefore, the emperor’s pleasure, expressed by edict or by letter, had force of law. Even in the fervent age of its conversion the empire employed its refined civilization, the accumulated wisdom of ancient sages, the reasonableness and subtlety of Roman law, and the entire inheritance of the Jewish, the pagan, and the Christian world, to make the Church serve as a gilded crutch of absolutism. Neither an enlightened philosophy, nor all the political wisdom of Rome, nor even the faith and virtue of the Christians availed against the incorrigible tradition of antiquity. Something was wanted, beyond all the gifts of reflection and experience — a faculty of self government and self control, developed like its language in the fibre of a nation, and growing with its growth. This vital element, which many centuries of warfare, of anarchy, of oppression, had extinguished in the countries that were still draped in the pomp of ancient civilization, was deposited on the soil of Christendom by the fertilising stream of migration that overthrew the empire of the West.
- In the height of their power the Romans became aware of a race of men that had not abdicated freedom in the hands of a monarch; and the ablest writer of the empire pointed to them with a vague and bitter feeling that, to the institutions of these barbarians, not yet crushed by despotism, the future of the world belonged. Their kings, when they had kings, did not preside [at] their councils; they were sometimes elective; they were sometimes deposed; and they were bound by oath to act in obedience to the general wish. They enjoyed real authority only in war. This primitive Republicanism, which admits monarchy as an occasional incident, but holds fast to the collective supremacy of all free men, of the constituent authority over all constituted authorities, is the remote germ of parliamentary government.
- The idea that the ends of government justify the means employed, was worked into system by Machiavelli. He was an acute politician, sincerely anxious that the obstacles to the intelligent government of Italy should be swept away. It appeared to him that the most vexatious obstacle to intellect is conscience, and that the vigorous use of statecraft necessary for the success of difficult schemes would never be made if governments allowed themselves to be hampered by the precepts of the copy-book.
His audacious doctrine was avowed in the succeeding age, by men whose personal character otherwise stood high. They saw that in critical times good men have seldom strength for their goodness, and yield to those who have grasped the meaning of the maxim that you cannot make an omelette if you are afraid to break the eggs. They saw that public morality differs from private, because no government can turn the other cheek, or can admit that mercy is better than justice. And they could not define the difference, or draw the limits of exception; or tell what other standard for a nation’s acts there is than the judgment which heaven pronounces in this world by success.
- Machiavelli's teaching would hardly have stood the test of parliamentary government, for public discussion demands at least the profession of good faith. But it gave an immense impulse to absolutism by silencing the consciences of very religious kings, and made the good and the bad very much alike.
- The way was paved for absolute monarchy to triumph over the spirit and institutions of a better age, not by isolated acts of wickedness, but by a studied philosophy of crime, and so thorough a perversion of the moral sense that the like of it had not been since the Stoics reformed the morality of paganism.
The clergy who had in so many ways served the cause of freedom during the prolonged strife against feudalism and slavery, were associated now with the interest of royalty.
- The tide was running fast when the Reformation began at Wittenberg, and it was to be expected that Luther’s influence would stem the flood of absolutism. For he was confronted everywhere by the compact alliance of the Church with the State; and great part of his country was governed by hostile potentates who were prelates of the court of Rome. He had, indeed, more to fear from temporal than from spiritual foes.
- Nations eagerly invested their rulers with every prerogative needed to preserve their faith, and all the care to keep Church and State asunder, and to prevent the confusion of their powers, which had been the work of ages, was renounced in the intensity of the crisis. Atrocious deeds were done, in which religious passion was often the instrument, but policy was the motive.
Fanaticism displays itself in the masses; but the masses were rarely fanaticised; and the crimes ascribed to it were commonly due to the calculations of dispassionate politicians.
- John Knox thought that every Catholic in Scotland ought to be put to death; and no man ever had disciples of a sterner or more relentless temper. But his counsel was not followed.
All through the religious conflict, policy kept the upper hand. When the last of the Reformers died, religion, instead of emancipating the nations, had become an excuse for the criminal art of despots. Calvin preached, and Bellarmine lectured; but Machiavelli reigned.
- That men should understand that governments do not exist by divine right, and that arbitrary government is the violation of divine right, was no doubt the medicine suited to the malady under which Europe languished. But although the knowledge of this truth might become an element of salutary destruction, it could give little aid to progress and reform. Resistance to tyranny implied no faculty of constructing a legal government in its place. Tyburn tree may be a useful thing; but it is better still that the offender should live for repentance and reformation. The principles which discriminate in politics between good and evil, and make states worthy to last, were not yet found.
- The French philosopher Charron was one of the men least demoralised by party spirit, and least blinded by zeal for a cause. In a passage almost literally taken from St. Thomas, he describes our subordination under the law of nature, to which all legislation must conform; and he ascertains it not by the light of revealed religion, but by the voice of universal reason, through which God enlightens the consciences of men. Upon this foundation Grotius drew the lines of real political science. In gathering the materials of International law, he had to go beyond national treaties and denominational interests, for a principle embracing all mankind. The principles of law must stand, he said, even if we suppose that there is no God. By these inaccurate terms he meant that they must be found independently of Revelation. From that time it became possible to make politics a matter of principle and of conscience, so that men and nations differing in all other things could live in peace together, under the sanctions of a common law.
- It was manifest that all persons who had learned that political science is an affair of conscience rather than of might or expediency, must regard their adversaries as men without principle, that the controversy between them would perpetually involve morality, and could not be governed by the plea of good intentions which softens down the asperities of religious strife. Nearly all the greatest men of the seventeenth century repudiated the innovation. In the eighteenth, the two ideas of Grotius, that there are certain political truths by which every state and every interest must stand or fall, and that society is knit together by a series of real and hypothetical contracts, became, in other hands, the lever that displaced the world. When, by what seemed the operation of an irresistible and constant law, royalty had prevailed over all enemies and all competitors, it became a religion. Its ancient rivals, the baron and the prelate, figured as supporters by its side.
- I have shown you how Machiavelli supplied the immoral theory needful for the consummation of royal absolutism; the absolute oligarchy of Venice required the same assurance against the revolt of conscience. It was provided by a writer as able as Machiavelli, who analyzed the wants and resources of aristocracy, and made known that its best security is poison.
- At that time there was some truth in the old joke which describes the English dislike of speculation by saying that all our philosophy consists of a short catechism in two questions: “What is mind? No matter. — What is matter? Never mind.” The only accepted appeal was to tradition.
- The idea that religious liberty is the generating principle of civil, and that civil liberty is the necessary condition of religious, was a discovery reserved for the seventeenth century.
- I have reached the end of my time, and have hardly come to the beginning of my task. In the ages of which I have spoken, the history of freedom was the history of the thing that was not. But since the Declaration of Independence, or, to speak more justly, since the Spaniards, deprived of their king, made a new government for themselves, the only known forms of Liberty, Republics and Constitutional Monarchy, have made their way over the world.
- I have fixed my eyes on the spaces that heaven’s light illuminates, that I may not lay too heavy a strain on the indulgence with which you have accompanied me over the dreary and heartbreaking course by which men have passed to freedom; and because the light that has guided us is still unquenched, and the causes that have carried us so far in the van of free nations have not spent their power; because the story of the future is written in the past, and that which hath been is the same thing that shall be.
Review of Democracy in Europe (1878)
- Acton's review of Democracy in Europe (1877) by Sir Thomas Erskine May, in The Quarterly Review (January 1878), p. 74; also in The History of Freedom and Other Essays, Section III: Sir Erskine May's Democracy in Europe, p. 76
- The manifest, the avowed difficulty is that democracy, no less than monarchy or aristocracy, sacrifices everything to maintain itself, and strives, with an energy and a plausibility that kings and nobles cannot attain, to override representation, to annul all the forces of resistance and deviation, and to secure, by Plebiscite, Referendum, or Caucus, free play for the will of the majority. The true democratic principle, that none shall have power over the people, is taken to mean that none shall be able to restrain or to elude its power. The true democratic principle, that the people shall not be made to do what it does not like, is taken to mean that it shall never be required to tolerate what it does not like. The true democratic principle, that every man‘s free will shall be as unfettered as possible, is taken to mean that the free will of the collective people shall be fettered in nothing. Religious toleration, judicial independence, dread of centralisation, jealousy of State interference, become obstacles to freedom instead of safeguards, when the centralised force of the State is wielded by the hands of the people. Democracy claims to be not only supreme, without authority above, but absolute, without independence below; to be its own master, not a trustee. The old sovereigns of the world are exchanged for a new one, who may be flattered and deceived, but whom it is impossible to corrupt or to resist, and to whom must be rendered the things that are Caesar's and also the things that are God’s. The enemy to be overcome is no longer the absolutism of the State, but the liberty of the subject. Nothing is more significant than the relish with which Ferrari, the most powerful democratic writer since Rousseau, enumerates the merits of tyrants, and prefers devils to saints in the interest of the community.
For the old notions of civil liberty and of social order did not benefit the masses of the people. Wealth increased, without relieving their wants. The progress of knowledge left them in abject ignorance. Religion flourished, but failed to reach them. Society, whose laws were made by the upper class alone, announced that the best thing for the poor is not to be born, and the next best to die in childhood, and suffered them to live in misery and crime and pain. As surely as the long reign of the rich has been employed in promoting the accumulation of wealth, the advent of the poor to power will be followed by schemes for diffusing it. Seeing how little was done by the wisdom of former times for education and public health, for insurance, association, and savings, for the protection of labour against the law of self-interest, and how much has been accomplished in this generation, there is reason in the fixed belief that a great change was needed, and that democracy has not striven in vain. Liberty, for the mass, is not happiness; and institutions are not an end but a means. The thing they seek is a force sufficient to sweep away scruples and the obstacle of rival interests, and, in some degree, to better their condition. They mean that the strong hand that heretofore has formed great States, protected religions, and defended the independence of nations, shall help them by preserving life, and endowing it for them with some, at least, of the things men live for. That is the notorious danger of modern democracy. That is also its purpose and its strength. And against this threatening power the weapons that struck down other despots do not avail. The greatest happiness principle positively confirms it. The principle of equality, besides being as easily applied to property as to power, opposes the existence of persons or groups of persons exempt from the common law, and independent of the common will; and the principle, that authority is a matter of contract, may hold good against kings, but not against the sovereign people, because a contract implies two parties.
- The one pervading evil of democracy is the tyranny of the majority, or rather of that party, not always the majority, that succeeds, by force or fraud, in carrying elections. To break off that point is to avert the danger. The common system of representation perpetuates the danger. Unequal electorates afford no security to majorities. Equal electorates give none to minorities. Thirty-five years ago it was pointed out that the remedy is proportional representation. It is profoundly democratic, for it increases the influence of thousands who would otherwise have no voice in the government; and it brings men more near an equality by so contriving that no vote shall be wasted, and that every voter shall contribute to bring into Parliament a member of his own opinions.
Letter to Mary Gladstone (1881)
Letter to Mary Gladstone (24 April 1881); later published in Letters of Lord Acton to Mary Gladstone (1913) p. 73
- We are forced, in equity, to share the government with the working class...If there is a free contract, in open market, between capital and labour, it cannot be right that one of the two contracting parties should have the making of the laws, the management of the conditions, the keeping of the peace, the administration of justice, the distribution of taxes, the control of expenditure, in its own hands exclusively. It is unjust that all these securities, all these advantages, should be on the same side...Before this argument the ancient dogma, that power attends on property, broke down. Justice required that property should-not abdicate, but-share its political supremacy.
- There is no error so monstrous that it fails to find defenders among the ablest men. Imagine a congress of eminent celebrities, such as More, Bacon, Grotius, Pascal, Cromwell, Bossuet, Montesquieu, Jefferson, Napoleon, Pitt, etc. The result would be an Encyclopedia of Error.
- The danger is not that a particular class is unfit to govern. Every class is unfit to govern. The law of liberty tends to abolish the reign of race over race, of faith over faith, of class over class.
- The law of liberty tends to abolish the reign of race over race, of faith over faith, of class over class. It is not the realisation of a political ideal: it is the discharge of a moral obligation.
- Almost all that has been done for the good of the people has been done since the right lost the monopoly of power, since the rights of property were discovered to be not unlimited.
The Study of History (1895)
- Inaugural lecture on The Study of History (11 June 1895), included in Lectures on Modern History (1906) - PDF file at Google
- I am not thinking of those shining precepts which are the registered property of every school; that is to say — learn as much by writing as by reading; be not content with the best book; seek sidelights from the others; have no favourites; keep men and things apart; guard against the prestige of great names; see that your judgments are your own; and do not shrink from disagreement; no trusting without testing; be more severe to ideas than to actions; do not overlook the strength of the bad cause of the weakness of the good; never be surprised by the crumbling of an idol or the disclosure of a skeleton; judge talent at its best and character at its worst; suspect power more than vice, and study problems in preference to periods.
- Many of these precepts which he quotes here have been quoted as originating with Lord Acton.
- Most of this, I suppose, is undisputed, and calls for no enlargement. But the weight of opinion is against me when I exhort you never to debase the moral currency or to lower the standard of rectitude, but to try others by the final maxim that governs your own lives, and to suffer no man and no cause to escape the undying penalty which history has the power to inflict on wrong. The plea in extenuation of guilt and mitigation of punishment is perpetual. At every step we are met by arguments which go to excuse, to palliate, to confound right and wrong, and reduce the just man to the level of the reprobate. The men who plot to baffle and resist us are, first of all, those who made history what it has become. They set up the principle that only a foolish Conservative judges the present time with the ideas of the past; that only a foolish Liberal judges the past with the ideas of the present.
- Praise is the shipwreck of historians.
- It is they [men of science] who hold the secret of the mysterious property of the mind by which error ministers to truth, and truth slowly but irrevocably prevails. Theirs is the logic of discovery, the demonstration of the advance of knowledge and the development of ideas, which, as the earthly wants and the passions of men remain almost unchanged, are the charter of progress, and the vital spark of history.
- The Acton Institute for the Study of Religion & Liberty
- The Study of History (11 June 1895)
- Lectures on Modern History (1906) - PDF file at Google
- The History of Freedom and Other Essays (1907) downloadable in HTML and PDF formats
- "The Acton - Lee Correspondence" (1866)
- The History of Freedom in Antiquity (26 February 1877)
- The History of Freedom in Christianity (8 May 1877)
|
<urn:uuid:9d4616d0-9a0e-4362-8a8d-9569a732c59c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Dalberg-Acton%2C_1st_Baron_Acton
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323801.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628204133-20170628224133-00010.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965947
| 6,859
| 2.65625
| 3
|
Eczema is a chronic skin disease characterized by periods of severe aggravations. Many patients see a connection between eczema flare-ups and food disorders. It is very possible because some symptoms are related to food allergies. Let’s talk about how to maintain an eczema-friendly diet making remission periods last longer.
Patients with severe skin symptoms suffer from physical discomfort.They try to find a specialist that can help them.The cause of eczema, in many cases, is related to an allergic irritant in combination with gastrointestinal pathologies:
The first symptoms of eczema can be seen in children at a very early age, after the baby has been exposed to a food allergen. A genetic factor can also play a role in transmission of this pathology from parents to children.
Even the latest and most modern therapies, combined with a balanced diet, cannot provide a full recovery. Diet is a component of the treatment course that will also help you maintain a stable remission.
You can keep a food diary, where you describe your reaction to certain products and understand which of them are triggers. Another option is to pass a screening test to determine the allergen.
Carefully study the ingredients. Some dyes and preservatives (E-103 Alkanet, E-200 Sorbic acid, E 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, etc.) can cause disease aggravation.
Proper nutrition is not only a guarantee of good health, but it also helps the recovery process after eczema flare-ups. Your diet should include all the necessary microelements and vitamins which will strengthen the immune system, increasing the body’s resistance to the harmful factors.
Eczema-friendly foods and cooking methods that are recommended by nutritionists and dermatologists:
Pediatricians recommend breast-feeding for at least 6 months in order to decrease the risk of developing eczema or atopic dermatitis in children. Food should be introduced to the baby carefully and gradually. To determine an allergen, it is better to keep a food diary, where the mother can record her observations after she introduces each new product to the baby.
You can start introducing dairy free grain cereals to your baby, since milk can cause indigestion and skin rashes. Then you can let your child try vegetable and fruit purees, but not red fruits and vegetables. Breastfeeding women should also follow the diet rules to avoid baby’s possible eczema aggravation.
Besides diet therapy and medications, eczema can now be treated with the help of UVB lamps. UV light can help in removing itching and burning, and also speed up the wound healing process.
|
<urn:uuid:f7f47c5a-abca-42f4-9510-f11ec5a3d9f5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://uvb-lamps.com/blog/food-that-is-good-for-eczema/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323801.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628204133-20170628224133-00010.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937554
| 556
| 2.96875
| 3
|
Tuesday, September 16, 2008
Fish Oil as a treatment for ADHD?
Some physicians are now recommending fish oil in the form of omega-3 fatty acids or PUFAs (Poly-unsaturated fatty acids) as a therapy for ADHD children, adolescents and adults. This is partly in response to the persisting fears of parents about stimulant medications and partly on the basis of the always-hopeful findings in the literature, i.e. on the basis of inconclusive studies that "suggest further research is needed." As in most alternative therapies, some elements of basic neuroscience are cited as the rationale for the therapy, followed by "preliminary studies" which give hopeful signs (one might cynically say especially signs of future funding from government or pharmaceutical companies). In this case there are a number of animal studies which compare spontaneously hyperactive rats with their cool Sprague-Dawley cousins, who show signs of better cognition after dietary supplementation with PUFAs. Also, it appears that lack of these fatty acids are known to impede neural development in young babies. However, as for the scientific rationale, one respectable scientist says that, "...our current understanding of the importance of essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their metabolites to optimal brain function is based on an enormously complex set of interlinked biochemical, neurological, and laboratory observations. The applicability of these research findings to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unknown." (Betsy Busch, Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for ADHD? Fishy, fascinating, and far from clear. J. Devel. & Behav. Pediatrics, Vol 28(2) Apr 2007, 139-144). What about clinical trials? One comprehensive recent review (E.H. Clayton, et al., Acta Neuropsychiatrica, Vol 19(2) Apr 2007, 92-103) found that 4 randomized controlled trials showed uncertain benefit for ADHD and no benefit for autism and bipolar disorder. A typical research story is illustrated from a controlled trial by A. Richardson and colleagues, who studied 41 children with ADHD and LD randomly assigned to highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) or placebo for 12 weeks. They found a mean improvement on 7 of 14 parent rating scales, "reaching significance levels on 3 of 14 scales." (Progress in Neuro-Psychopharm. & Biol. Psychiat. Vol 26, 2002, 233-39) Of course, they did not adjust for multiple tests, so technically the results are nil, but they call for further research.. By 2006, when reviewing the field, the same author concludes, "Omega-3 is not supported by current evidence as a primary treatment for ADHD or related conditions...." but still calls for further research. (A.J. Richardson, Omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD and related neurodevelopmental disorders. Int. Rev. Psychiat. Vol 18, April 2006, 155-172). Well, this is merely the research game as we have come to know it. I too have been enticed by small pilot studies that lead to larger grants (as in my flirtation with the Feingold diet studies, though there I took satisfaction in stopping a national trend sweeping the country which was diverting many parents from worthwhile treatments). One final research note on the dietary studies that also applies to drug trials involving parents and children. Many of these trials use apparently blind judgments by the physician which are in turn based upon reports by parents. But virtually all drugs create subjective awarenness by the patient that something is happening, and patients follow the demand characteristics of the experiment to give some response they think is expected, and parents as well as physicians become aware of side effects which allows a peek through the double blind. Note that in the previous study above the effects were found in parents but not by teachers (who are generally much more unaware of side effects and subjective bodily changes). When a trial shows parent reported changes but not teacher reported changes, one needs to be very suspicious about the signficance of any positive findings. All of those physicians out there who use the DSM-IV rating scale or global judgments as their outcome measures are likely to be subject to a positive bias about the drug being studied. After all, they get paid by the pharmaceutical companies and there is strong incentive to produce positive results and continued study. I have made this point many times at advisory committee meetings, but I have yet to find a single pharmaceutical company that pays attention to the suggestion of using blind raters who are separate from the physicians controlling the monitoring for side effects or adverse reactions. My conclusion from reviewing the literature on Fish Oil as therapy for ADHD is that it clearly is not proven. There are two therapies supported by research over a 40 year period: the combination of behavioral management (both in the classroom and at home); and stimulant drugs. But I make the following observation from my practice: it is usually quite useless to argue with a parent when they are predisposed against the use of drugs, no matter how noxious the child's behavior has become in their own lives. For those parents I make a therapeutic alliance by saying, sure, there are dietary therapies. First, make sure your child has a well-balanced diet, especially limiting their preference for high carb foods, and making sure there is plenty of protein at breakfast (I give them a pretty good story from our studies on this subject). I take a dietary history and recommend a 3-day diet diary, recording everything the child eats, and use it to steer the child and family away from obvious imbalances (there is good evidence that ad liibidem access to carbohydrates leads to an over use of them, especially in ADHD and Conduct-Disordered kids). I recommend limited access to sugar and sweets, but always balancing them with protein. For adolescents I am especially cautious about caffienated drinks. Eventually most parents return to the clinic after a few weeks saying, "Yes he (or she) is much better! But, you know, it's still a problem. What else can I do? I still don't want Ritalin." "Ahem, Madam, I agree and I can recommend a great medicine that is not Ritalin! (Well, it might be Metadate or Focalin or Adderall or Concerta or one of the other possibilities down the line when those don't work. But see my physician colleague, he (or she) knows all about it and can give you the latest medicine that works...") You get my drift. Since I do not myself prescribe, I rely on my savvy physician colleagues to know about the MTA study and the nuances of psychopharmacology that make for an effective treatment plan over the entire lifespan. (More on the MTA study in future postings.)
|
<urn:uuid:b9cd40c8-bf70-407f-baa6-7ab0d287bf6a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://adhd-world.blogspot.com/2008/09/fish-oil-as-treatment-for-adhd.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128329372.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629154125-20170629174125-00090.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958151
| 1,378
| 2.625
| 3
|
Pimples: What Causes Them and How to Get Rid of ThemPimples
Pimples and their causes:
Pimples, known as spots, zits or acne, confidence-killers or the buzz-kill of an otherwise happy day, are small lesions or inflammations of the skin. These inflammations are caused by bacterial infection within the hair follicle of the skin. When dead skin cells collect within the hair follicle, the sebum produced (a waxy/oily substance meant to lubricate the skin and hair) within the pore cannot escape. This accumulated and blocked sebum has bacteria, including propionibacterium acnes; it is a slow-growing bacteria which is the source of acne. Acne bacteria generally live harmlessly on our skin - however, when the conditions are right, (clogged pores + hormones, sweating and other factors) it can reproduce rapidly. The bacterium feeds off the sebum and produces a substance that causes an immune response. This leads to inflammation of the skin, eventually revealing itself as a pimple -- an inflammatory lesion of acne that becomes pus-filled to varying degrees. Acne bacterial infection can be growing under your skin for up to 8 weeks before appearing as an acne lesion, which is one of the reasons that it takes 4-8 weeks for most acne treatments to work.
It is a myth that acne is caused by poor hygiene! In fact, excess washing or scrubbing can irritate and over dry the skin, which can further inflame skin and cause increased oil production. Unclean hair, cell phones and pillowcases can transfer unwanted acne bacteria to the skin.
There is little evidence that diet causes acne. However, greasy foods touching your skin can cause breakouts around the lips, due to grease being deposited on the skin and clogging the pore, more than for any dietary reason.
The 5 types of pimples:
1. Pustules - These are pimples full of pus and are clearly visible on the surface of the skin. The base is red and the pus is on the top.
2. Whiteheads - These are very small and remain under the skin, appearing as a small, flesh-colored papules.
3. Blackheads - Appear as a black-filled pore. Some people mistakenly believe they are caused by dirt, because of their color. It is actually oxidized dead skin cells blocking the opening of the pore.
4. Cysts - these are clearly visible on the surface of the skin. They are filled with pus and are usually painful. Cysts commonly cause scaring.
5. Papules - these are small, rounded bumps on the skin which are often pink.
6. Nodules - these are morphologically similar (similar structure) to papules, but larger. These are often painful and are embedded deep in the skin.
How to get rid of pimples?
Keeping those pores clear is key! Actually - keeping clear pores is the one and only way to control acne breakouts. Since acne bacteria lives naturally on our skin, there is no permanent medical cure for pimples.
The good news?
Clear skin is possible! Pimples can be managed with consistent care and a good acne treatment. What to use? It depends on your level and type of acne. There are many natural remedies that are beneficial to acne-prone skin, but won't go far with persistent acne. There are many prescription medications that can be helpful, especially with chronic and cystic acne. If you are an acne sufferer who does not want to use prescription meds, or experiences mild to moderate acne, it is well worth it to try an over-the-counter acne medication. Salicylic Acid medications work by exfoliating the dead skin cells out of your pores - which is the primary goal. Salicylic Acid is also the best for clearing and prevention of blackheads, too. Find one that includes anti-inflammatory effects for quick, viewable results. Benzyol Peroxide works by drawing out the infection. It can be harsher on your skin, but it is very effective for some people. Some treatments use a mixture of both medicines. The best thing to do is start with the most gentle and natural treatment first. Keep experimenting until you find what works for your individual skin, by giving each treatment a try for 2-4 weeks, unless you experience negative side effects. Most companies will give you your money back if you don't see the results you were looking for.
Important to know:
1. Controlling acne is a lifestyle. Consistency is key! Acne bacteria is extremely adaptable, and will out-wit your acne medication if you allow it! So keep up the good work and you can beat acne!
2. Don't let acne ruin your skin. Picking your skin easily causes scabbing, scarring and dark spots. Be kind to your skin and treat with an acne treatment, trying not to pick at your blemishes. If you already have dark spots and scarring, don't let it get you down. There are products and procedures such as laser to help this - it is not necessarily permanent.
3. If acne is causing you to change your lifestyle or affecting your self-worth and self-esteem, do see a doctor or dermatologist for advice. Often they have low-cost ways to help your skin.
4. Use an oil free, non-comedic (non-pore-clogging) foundation or cover-up until you get the clear skin that you want - it will really boost your confidence, and will let your pores breathe. You are on your way to great skin!
Rebecca Brayton is founder of the Relogy Natural Acne Treatment Company. Brayton and her Customer Service Team at Relogy take on acne issues for their customers every day. Find out more about how to get rid of acne at http://www.relogynow.com
|
<urn:uuid:59921b3d-47ef-4149-834d-432be51aca65>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://pimple-on-lip.blogspot.com/2013/07/understand-pimples-what-causes-them-and.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128329372.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629154125-20170629174125-00090.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950823
| 1,232
| 2.875
| 3
|
Religious Identity is a specific type of identity formation. Particularly, it is the sense of group membership to a religion and the importance of this group membership as it pertains to one's self-concept. Religious identity is not necessarily the same as religiousness or religiosity. Although these three terms share a commonality, religiousness and religiosity refer to both the value of religious group membership as well as participation in religious events (e.g. going to church). Religious identity, on the other hand, refers specifically to religious group membership regardless of religious activity or participation.
Similar to other forms of identity formation, such as ethnic and cultural identity, the religious context can generally provide a perspective from which to view the world, opportunities to socialize with a spectrum of individuals from different generations, and a set of basic principles to live out. These foundations can come to shape an individual's identity.
Despite the implications that religion has on identity development, the identity formation literature has mainly focused on ethnicity and gender and has largely discounted the role of religion. Nevertheless, an increasing number of studies have begun to include religion as a factor of interest. However, many of these studies use religious identity, religiosity, and religiousness interchangeably or solely focus on religious identity and solely religious participation as separate constructs.
Of these types of research studies, researchers have examined the various factors that affect the strength of one's religious identity over time. Factors that have been found to affect levels of religious identity include gender, ethnicity, and generational status.
During the early 1800s in the field of psychology, research on the topic of religion was considered important and ubiquitous. For example, researchers like G. Stanley Hall and William James conducted studies on such topics as religious conversion. In contrast, the public perspective on religion began to shift two decades later. Instead of religion being seen as an integral part of an individual's life and development and thus a necessary topic to research, scientists and scholars alike viewed religion as a hindrance to the progression of science and as a topic no longer applicable to the current times.
Contrary to social scientists' prediction of the general decline of religion over time and increase of secularization leading to a complete abandonment of religious studies, religion did not diminish and was instead acknowledged by researchers as a topic worthwhile to research. Scientists and scholars, like British sociologist John Thompson, realized that despite the neglect of religion in studies, the presence and impact of religion on individuals' lives were undeniable and did not disappear with time. Hence, a body of research on religion began to take root. Particularly, a handful of researchers were interested in examining religious identity during adolescence.
Factors that affect religious identity
Given that religious traditions can be intricately interlaced with various aspects of culture, the religious identity literature has consistently yielded ethnic, gender, and generational differences.
According to Social Identity Theory, when individuals of ethnic minority backgrounds feel as if their identity is threatened, they may emphasize their other social identities as a means to maintain a positive self-concept. This idea is supported by the various studies that have shown higher levels of religious identity among ethnic minorities, particularly those from Latino and African American backgrounds, compared to European Americans.
Gender may also impact one's religious identity. Generally, females are more likely than males to attend religious services and express that religion is an important aspect of their lives. Studies have captured this gender difference through observations of females reporting greater religious attitudes. This was also shown in a four-year longitudinal study on religious involvement for adolescents living in rural settings. Females tended to be more involved in church-related activities than males and were more likely to view themselves as religious individuals.
Immigrant Generational Differences
There are three categories of generational status: First, Second, and Third. An individual who is considered to be first generation is one who was born outside of the United States and immigrated. Second generation refers to an individual who was born in the United States but whose parent(s) were foreign-born and immigrated. Lastly, third generation refers to an individual and the individual's parents were born in the United States.
First and second generation individuals may tend to have particularly higher religious identity levels in comparison to third generation immigrants. In efforts to adjust to the stressful changes associated with the immigration process, finding a community of emotional, social, and financial support, an environment typically provided by a place of worship, may be highly sought after by immigrants. Studies have indeed revealed that adolescents from immigrant families (both first and second generation immigrants) reported higher levels of religious identity compared to adolescents whose parents are not immigrants (third generation).
Religious identity trajectories
By and large, numerous studies have observed ethnic, gender, and generational differences in religious identity. However, there have not been as many longitudinal studies on the influence of ethnicity, gender, and generational status on individuals' development of religious identity over time. Nevertheless, of the handful of such studies, researchers have focused mainly on adolescence and started to branch out to emerging adulthood.
Researchers have been particularly interested in studying identity during adolescence because it is a developmental period crucial to identity development. During this period, adolescents have opportunities to explore their ethnic, cultural, and religious traditions. However, the freedom and flexibility of their exploration is typically within the constraints of their parents or caregiver.
It was believed that religious identity and participation would both follow the same trajectory and decrease across time; hence, the studies that examined religiousness, which combines the two constructs. Although religious affiliation, identity, and participation are closely related, longitudinal research on adolescents suggests that these constructs have different trajectories from one another. For example, researchers have found that religious affiliation and identity for adolescents remained fairly stable across the high school years, which contradicts the expected change in religious affiliation from affiliated to unaffiliated and decrease in religious identity.
However, the stability of adolescent religious identity parallels that of other social identities such as ethnic identity. Researchers have reasoned that due to adolescents' relatively stable social environment, there is not a strong need to further explore and renegotiate their religious identity. Moreover, religious identity is mainly driven by parents during adolescence. Given that adolescents tend to still live with their parents during high school, there may not be a need to engage in deeper exploration of their religion, which may help explain the observed stable religious identity.
Whereas religious affiliation and identity remain stable, religious participation tends to decrease. Adolescents may exercise their increased autonomy and choose not to attend religious events. Particularly, adolescents may find other activities (e.g. studying, clubs, and sports) vying for their time and resources and choose to prioritize those activities over religious events. The significant decline in religious participation at the end of high school may be a precursor to further decline during emerging adulthood.
Adolescence has been traditionally associated with a time of identity exploration. However, that exploration process is not complete by the end of adolescence. Rather, emerging adulthood, the years between late teens and late twenties, extends the identity formation process from adolescence.
This transitional period is marked by constant changes in romantic love, work, and worldviews and is generally a time of "semiautonomy." With this increased sense of autonomy, emerging adults may choose to further exert their independence by moving away from home and/or by attending college. Through whichever ways that emerging adults choose to exercise their autonomy, they are likely to find themselves in new, diverse environments teeming with a spectrum of vast worldviews.
Despite the necessity for studies on religious identity, there has been limited work on the role of religion in identity formation in emerging adults. Compared to the research in adolescence, there is much less work on the development of religious identity and religious participation across the emerging adulthood years. The combination of immense and frequent changes, increased autonomy, and diverse environments during this period has major ramifications for the development of emerging adults' religious affiliation, religious identity, and religious participation.
Religion was believed to have little impact on emerging adults' identity, particularly for those who attend college However, recent research suggests otherwise. According to a study, while 14 percent of college students reported a decrease in religious beliefs throughout college, 48 percent reported stable religious beliefs, and 38 percent reported an increase.
Moreover, another study found that contrary to the expectations of decreased religious identity and religious participation during emerging adulthood, religious identity did not decrease, but religious participation did decline as predicted. Researchers explained that emerging adults are more likely to decrease their involvement in religious activities than they are to completely disaffiliate from their religion or express less importance of religion in their lives.
Additionally, in a study that examined the ways in which religion influenced emerging adults, researchers found that emerging adults' standards of adulthood were dependent upon the religious affiliation of the institution they attended. For example, compared to emerging adults who attended Catholic or public universities, emerging adults who attended Mormon universities rated interdependence, norm compliance, biological transitions, and family capacities as extremely important criteria for adulthood.
In summary, although not all studies on this topic are in agreement, religious identity generally tends to remain stable during emerging adulthood whereas religious participation decreases over time.
- Arweck, E. & Nesbitt, E. (2010). Young people's identity formation in mixed-faith families: continuity or discontinuity of religious traditions? Journal of Contemporary Religion, 25, 67-87.
- King, V. Elder, G.H., Whitbeck, L.B. (1997). Religious involvement among rural youth: An ecological and life-course perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 7, 431-456.
- King, P.E. & Boyatzis, C.J. (2004). Exploring adolescent spiritual and religious development: current and future theoretical and empirical perspectives. Applied Developmental Science, 8, 2-6.
- Lee, J.J. (2002). Religion and college attendance: Change among students. The Review of Higher Education, 25, 369-384.
- Arnett, J.J. (2000). A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
- Valde, G.A. (1996). Identity closure: A fifth identity status. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 157, 245-254.
- Whitbourne, S.K., & Tesch, S.A. (1985). A comparison of identity and intimacy statuses in college students and adults. Developmental Psychology, 21, 1039-1044.
- Harker, K. (2001). Immigrant generation, assimilation, and adolescent psychological well-being. Social Forces, 79(3), 969-1004.
- Hirschman, C. (2004). The role of religion in the origins and adaptations of immigrant groups in the United States. IMR, 38, 1206-1233.
- McCullough, M.E., Tsang, J., & Brion, S. (2003). Personality traits in adolescents as predictors of religiousness in early adulthood: Findings from the Terman longitudinal study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 980-991.
- Wallace, J.M., Forman, T.A., Caldwell, C.H., & Willis, D.S. (2003). Religion and U.S. secondary school students: Current patterns, recent trends, and sociodemographic correlates. Youth Society, 35, 98-125.
- Hall, G. S. (1904). Adolescence, Vol. II. New York: Appleton.
- Youniss, J., McLellan, J.A., & Yates, M. (1999). Religion, community service, and identity in American youth. Journal Adolescence, 22, 243-253.
- Siegel, A.W., & White, S.H. (1982). The child study movement. In Advances in Child Development and Behavior. Reese, H. W. (Ed.). New York: Academic press, pp. 233-285.
- Watson, J.B. (1928). Psychological Care of Infant and Child. New York, NY: Norton.
- Thompson, J.B. (1995). The Media and Modernity: a social theory of the media. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Lopez, A.B., Huynh, V.W., & Fuligni, A.J. (In press). A longitudinal study of religious identity and participation during adolescence.
- Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (2001). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In M. A. Hogg & D. Abrams (Eds.), Relations: Essential readings. Key readings in social psychology (pp. 94-109). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
- King, P.E. (2003). Religion and identity: The role of ideological, social, and spiritual contexts. Applied Developmental Science, 7, 197-204.
- Barry, C.M., & Nelson, L.J. (2005). The role of religion in the transition to adulthood for young emerging adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 4, 245-255.
- Barry, C.M., & Nelson, L.J., Davarya, S., & Urry, S. (2010). Religiosity and spirituality during the transition to adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34, 311-324.
- Uecker, J.E., Regnerus, M., & Vaaler, M.L. (2007). Losing my religion: The social sources of religious decline in early adulthood. Social Forces, 85, 1667-1692.
- Fuligni, A. J., Kiang, L., Witkow, M. R., & Baldelomar, O. (2008). Stability and change in ethnic labeling among adolescents from Asian and Latin American immigrant families. Child Development, 79(4), 944-956.
- Denham, S.A. et al. (2004) Paper presented at the biennial Conference on Human Development, Washington, DC.
- Goldscheider, F., & Goldscheider, C. (1994). Leaving and returning home in 20th century America. Population Bulletin, 48(4), 1-35.
- Goldscheider, F., DaVanzo, J. (1986). Semiautonomy and leaving home in early adulthood. Social Forces, 65, 187-201.
- Brinkerhoff, M.B., & Marlene, M.M. (1993). Casting Off the Bonds of Organized Religion: A Religious-Careers Approach to the Study of Apostasy. Review of Religious Research 34:235-58.
- Hunsberger, B., & L.B., Brown. (1984). Religious socialization, apostasy, and the impact of family background. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 23, 239-51.
- Pew Forum, o. R. a. P. L. (2008). U.S. Religious Landscape Survey (Report).
- Willits, F.K. & Crider, D.M. (1989). Church Attendance and Traditional Religious Beliefs in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Panel Study. Review of Religious Research, 31, 68-81.
|
<urn:uuid:dc4ab606-bf12-41eb-9e27-fcbdc85b5b1f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_identity
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128329372.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629154125-20170629174125-00090.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.925543
| 3,163
| 3.265625
| 3
|
Park, large area of ground set aside for recreation. The earliest parks were those of the Persian kings, who dedicated many square miles to the sport of hunting; by natural progression such reserves became artificially shaped by the creation of riding paths and shelters until the decorative possibilities became an inherent part of their character. A second type of park derived from such open-air public meeting places as those in ancient Athens, where the functions of an exercising ground, a social concourse, and an athletes’ training ground were combined with elements of a sculpture gallery and religious centre.
In the parks of post-Renaissance times, there were extensive woods, rectilinear allées stretching between one vantage point and another, raised galleries, and, in many cases, elaborate aviaries and cages for wild beasts, attesting to the hunting proclivities of the lords. Later the concept of the public park was somewhat domesticated. An area devoted simply to green landscape, a salubrious and attractive breathing space as a relief from the densely populated and industrialized city of the mid-19th century, became important. Examples of this type of park include Birkenhead Park in England, designed by Sir Joseph Paxton; Jean Charles Alphand’s Bois de Boulogne, outside Paris; Central Park in New York City, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux; the Botanic Gardens in Melbourne, Australia; and Akashi Park in Kōbe, Japan. The design was generally romantic in character. The primary purpose was to provide for passive recreation—walking and taking the air in agreeable surroundings reminiscent of the unspoiled country.
What primarily differentiates modern parks is their accommodation for active recreation. Park areas differ considerably from country to country, and their designs reflect differences in climate, cultural attitudes, social habits, and pastimes. In the gardens of the Generalife, a Spanish family may enjoy its holiday outing in a shaded bosque near a cool fountain. On an evening in Venice, a procession with banners and torches may sweep into one of the little piazzas. In the Buttes-Chaumont in Paris, children may reach out from wooden horses on the merry-go-round to seize a brass ring. During the bright summer weekends in Stockholm, residents cultivate vegetables in allotment gardens that are leased to them by the park department. In Israel, Iran, and Pakistan, basketball, football (soccer), and kabadei (a game like rugby) are played in parks; in Japan, volleyball, tennis, and sumo (wrestling) may be seen. Almost universally, there is recognition of the creative possibilities of leisure and of community responsibility to provide space and facilities for recreation.
The facilities include outdoor theatres, zoos, concert shells, historical exhibits, concessions for dining and dancing, amusement areas, boating, and areas for sports of all kinds, such as fly-casting pools and skating rinks. There is always the danger that the original reason for creating the park—i.e., to bring a part of nature within reach of the city dweller—will be sacrificed to its specific recreational functions. It is difficult to keep the balance, because the tempo of urban life has mounted and with it the requirements for intensive use.
Another danger to the public park is the automobile. With the tremendous growth in automobile traffic and, consequently, increasing pressure from traffic authorities for more land, there has been hardly a major city that has not lost sections of its parks to highways. There has been a growing awareness, particularly in Europe, that large-scale urban planning should be carried out in such a way that traffic functions are clearly separate and do not encroach on other spheres. In the United States, there have been victories for the park user against the automobile; in San Francisco, the state freeway was halted at the city limits, and, in New York City, Washington Square was closed to traffic.
It is unfortunate that the word park has come to connote almost exclusively the “romantic” style park or English garden of the 19th century. In truth, there are other traditions whose influence has been equally vital. How different from the Parisian Buttes-Chaumont, for instance, are the Tuileries across the river. These were laid out under the supervision of Marie de Médicis in the style of the Boboli Gardens in Florence. Also the parks of Versailles, the Belvedere Park in Vienna, the Vatican Gardens in Rome, Hellbrun in Salzburg, Blenheim in England, Drottningsholm in Sweden, and Peterhof (Petrodvorets) in Russia are all parks that were planned in the Italian Baroque tradition. They were intended not to be a foil or escape from the oppressive city but rather to be its central dramatic focus—a display for the opulence of rulers, a piazza for the moving of great crowds, from the tournament and guild ceremonies of Florence in the 17th century to the formal pageantry of the court. It was in the Baroque park that the handling, control, and stimulation of crowds in the open air developed as one of the great arts of the urban designer.
Test Your Knowledge
Art & Architecture: Fact or Fiction?
Another park tradition that has had worldwide influence is that of Islam. In Tehran, Marrakech, Sevilla (Seville), Lahore, and Delhi, this tradition is the dominant one and, as with all parks, developed according to the climate, social custom, and religious ethos. The original Muslim idea was to think of the garden as a paradise, a symbol of the afterlife as an oasis of beauty blooming in the earthly desert. Water and the cypress are the two main elements. Within the park, then, are water, the symbol of purity, in the four-way river of paradise, and trees (above all the cypress, symbolizing life), surrounded by high walls to keep out the dry wind. Everywhere, in keeping with Muslim belief, the design pattern is abstract rather than figurative. The fundamental idea creates its own specific technical skills; nowhere is there more artful use of irrigation for plants, of jets of water to cool the air, of orchards for shade, of colour to break up the sun’s glare, or of the use of masonry patterns than in these Islamic gardens.
The Taj Mahal in India dates from the 17th century, when by the testament of Shah Jahan this area of 20 acres (8 hectares) was to be maintained as a public grounds in perpetuity, where the poor could walk and pick fruit. In China and Japan, a similar opening of the royal precinct for public enjoyment, as with the Winter Palace or the Katsura Imperial Villa Gardens in Kyōto, has been a more recent development. The great religious shrines, however, have always resembled Western parks. The Horimonji temple in Tokyo, the Mimeguri shrine, the great Buddhist temple at Ise, and the Inner (Shintō) shrine at Mieshima are examples of an age-old garden tradition in which humanity is but “one of a thousand things” and where nature is presented in an idealized and symbolic way as an object for contemplation and spiritual enjoyment. In their techniques of horticulture and in their use of stones, water, and surface textures, the gardens of East Asia are of a high level. This Eastern tradition had its effect on European park design in the 18th century and again in the 20th century, as in the grounds for the UNESCO building in Paris, designed by Isamu Noguchi. See also national park.
|
<urn:uuid:46fc7fca-0bc4-4da0-b9a0-6e3a0a0b9b58>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.britannica.com/art/park
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128329372.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629154125-20170629174125-00090.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959431
| 1,582
| 3.015625
| 3
|
We hear so much about agriculture that we imagine it refers to the country, yet there are other forms of agriculture that do not necessarily concern the country such as urban agriculture.
Urban agriculture means just what its definition commands, it is the raising of animals and growing of plants in and around urban areas.
The amazing aspect of urban agriculture is that it can perfectly integrate within its city surroundings and live just as it would in the country areas. It is a harmoniously interacting system that functions within the urban ecosystem and produces the same results as any agricultural system in the country would.
The world of urban agriculture owes its amazing development around typical urban resources, including waste water and other organic waste such as compost. In fact as the city grows so does the development of urban agriculture, it therefore has bright prospects for the future.
Many factors and elements compose urban agriculture as well as different areas within the city.
These namely include the poor people living in the cities, although these are not immigrants, rather people belonging to a lower salary class. Often teachers, government officials who are part of the middle and lower level, but who have a good education contribute greatly to the implementation of urban agriculture. Amongst these women probably can be counted amongst the larger percentage of urban farmers as they can easily combine this activity alongside the everyday domestic chores.
Urban agriculture activity is usually found in locations on the city outskirts, on small plots within residences, in parks, along streams, railroads and even on public land. Often in schools and hospitals you can find small plots of land that are being used to grow plants and vegetables that can be useful for the small or larger community.
The types of products grown are quite varied and these include root crops, grains, vegetables and fruits. You may also find animals in larger plots in the city, such as rabbits, goats, sheep and poultry as well as cattle, pigs and fish. In smaller areas of the house herbal plants can also be privileged for more aromatic cuisine or as medicinal use.
The main objective of this urban agriculture lies in self-consumption. Private individuals will be producing farm products for their own private use or for their small communities. You might find others selling the limited produce in the neighborhood, in markets or local shop, but this commerce is usually restricted to the locals. Generally however, the produce is processed or cooked to be sold on the streets or to the neighbors.
Although urban agriculture is gradually developing as cooperative farms and small commercial enterprises it is still slow, for farming technology is still greatly concentrated in more intensive and mass agricultural production.
|
<urn:uuid:ebf1447e-b29a-4469-93c6-e1daa7ee7dc8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.ezilon.com/articles/articles/16741/1/Why-is-Urban-Agriculture-so-Important-and-How-Can-we-Profit-From-it
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319265.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622114718-20170622134718-00210.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965279
| 519
| 3.328125
| 3
|
A fruitful victory
The announcement this week by the Mesa County Division of Pest Management that victory has been declared in the fight against the Japanese beetle was welcome. Earlier in this decade, when the beetles were first discovered in the Palisade area, there were fears they could cause immense damage to fruit crops.
So a small army of pest fighters mobilized, using money from the Upper Grand Valley Pest Control District and the involvement of both the county and the Palisade Insectary. They set traps throughout much of the valley to determine where the beetles were. And they began spraying lawns where the beetles had been discovered.
This year, for the first time in six years, no beetles were captured in any of the traps set. It was a hard-fought, but important, victory for this region’s valuable fruit crops.
|
<urn:uuid:d64f4b2e-9898-4d25-b69c-4adda937e0ce>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.gjsentinel.com/opinion/articles/a_fruitful_victory
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319265.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622114718-20170622134718-00210.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.980831
| 171
| 2.640625
| 3
|
"If you don't eat your meat you can't have any pudding!
How can you have any pudding if you don't eat your meat?"
I can scarcely believe that these words which appear on
Pink Floyd's 1979 album "The Wall" have actually been
used by myself to my own children.
There are some very primal instincts at work when feeding
One of the greatest joys there is is seeing your
children eating well and enjoying their food.
Conversely, children not eating well leads to frustration,
anxiety and worry.
And it is important that your children eat a wide
variety of things - they have to eat everything.
If they eat all their meat but not their vegetables
and ask for more meat, that is as equally as annoying
as if they eat all their vegetables but not their
meat and ask for more vegetables.
And of course I feel immensely guilty about making
them eat something that they don't want to eat, but
I am still compelled to do because it is in my
instinct. Some chemical is secreted into my bloodstream
that makes me behave this way.
But what is particularly unfair is that I know exactly
what they feel like. Often I feel like one type of
food and not another. Why is that? If I'm hungry
it means my stomach is empty and I need to fill it.
Why should I be fussy?
Or sometimes I need a variety of foods to satisy me.
Just eating one particular type of food isn't going
to be enough. Again, why is that?
The answer is that like cows and camels, humans have
multiple stomachs. We are not true ruminants because
we do not use our multiple stomachs for chewing the
cud and we do not transfer food from one stomach to
Instead we have different stomachs for different food
types. Meat, vegetables, sweets, drinks all go to
different places. Doubtlessly you will have noticed
that when you've stuffed yourself on a main course
to the point that you can't eat any more, you can
still manage a dessert. That's because your dessert
stomach is still empty.
Or if you're feeling hungry for one particular type
of food - it's because only one of your stomachs is
empty. And how else can you explain the curious
fact that however much food you eat, you can still
Drinks don't even have the advantage that they can
squash up small and therefore squeeze into your
stomach. Look at the size of a pint of beer!
You could be stuffed to the gills on food but that
pint is still going to go down nice and easily,
and plenty more thereafter. Drinks go to a stomach
at the front that can extend outwards almost
The one thing I have yet to find an explanation for
is why this information has been suppressed.
Clearly, anyone in the medical profession has at
some point of their education dissected a body and
seen the true nature of our stomachs. So why the
Indeed, this matter now casts doubt upon anything
else they've told us about our internal organs.
Spleen? What's that then? Could it be that we
are aliens and have taken over the bodies of the
indiginous population of this planet? Or are we
androids and deep inside us is all electronic
components. Afterall, only doctors ever get to
see what's really inside us, and consider this:
how much of what a doctor has ever told you has
actually made any sense to you?
Album cover of Pink Floyd's "The Wall"
Infest the world with pooclub!
|
<urn:uuid:7e79b1c3-7a1a-474f-9721-3847b797f0de>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.shite.org/cgi-bin/pooclub.cgi?p=chat&c=mike&i=human_ruminants
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319265.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622114718-20170622134718-00210.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961228
| 780
| 2.578125
| 3
|
The birth of the DSLR can be traced back to a little camera company called Nikkor, which eventually became Nikon, and its relationship with a small government agency known as NASA. One of Nikon’s first major successes, the 35mm Nikon F, gained popularity in the U.S. with photographers covering the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Soon, the company was secretly collaborating with the booming U.S. space program, which eventually culminated in converting Nikon’s F4 film camera to hold a one megapixel monochrome Loral CCD at the film plane and store data on hard drives capable of holding 40 images at a time. This modified Nikon NASA F4 made history in September 1991 aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery.
To learn about how Nikon changed the camera industry forever, keep reading on the next page.
It would take eight years for Nikon to release their first professional DSLR, the D1 in 1999. At that point, DSLRs were based on CCD sensors that allowed early DSLRs to capture similar depths of field and picture angles, as well as use 35mm lenses, despite being smaller than their 35mm, full-frame film relatives. Three years later, a relatively small and obscure company in Japan named Contax released the first full-frame DSLR in 2002 using a Philips sensor, known as the Contax N Digital. It would go on to receive luke-warm reviews from the pro market.
Shortly after the failed Contax release, both Nikon and Kodak collaborated to create the first professionally endorsed full-frame DSLR in 2003 — the Kodak DCS Pro SLR/n. The feat was due largely to the use of highly efficient CMOS sensors, and photographers quickly realized those full-frame benefits come with a full-wallet price tag. Citing poor profitability, Kodak discontinued the production in 2005. It wasn’t until 2007 when Nikon entered the full-frame DSLR movement with a signature camera. The release of the D3 was a big deal, and Nikon hit a home run.
Plenty of other brands have contributed to the evolution of DSLRs during this period and continue to do so today. Nikon still deserves most of the credit for getting the ball rolling, and continuing to do so as the official camera company endorsed by NASA.
To learn more, check out the history of Nikon on their website.
Written by Justin Gural. Additional contribution by Ben Bowers and Eric Yang
|
<urn:uuid:6997d00b-d11b-41b1-b0be-81677f5d52af>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://gearpatrol.com/2012/03/06/breakthroughs-dslr-sensors/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319265.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622114718-20170622134718-00210.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961472
| 501
| 2.953125
| 3
|
What is allergy testing at the Northwest Center?
Allergy testing at the Northwest Center is using highly-sophisticated blood testing to identify food and environmental allergens that may be the cause of a person’s health problems.
What health problems can be caused by allergies?
Allergies can cause a number of problems from mild to severe. The following is a partial list of what can be caused by allergies:
General: Fatigue, anxiety, depression, insomnia, hyperactivity, food cravings, obesity
Infection: Recurrent colds, urinary tract infections, sore throats, ear infections, yeast infections
Ear, Nose & Throat: Chronic nasal congestion, postnasal drip, fluid in the ears, Meniere’s syndrome
Gastrointestinal: Irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, bloating ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and gallbladder disease.
Cardiovascular: High blood pressure, arrhythmia, and angina.
Dermatologic: Acne, eczema, psoriasis, canker sores (apthous ulcers), and hives.
Rheumatologic: Muscle aches, joint pain, arthritis.
Neurologic: Migraines and other headaches, numbness.
Miscellaneous: Asthma, frequent urination, teeth grinding, bedwetting, and infantile colic
Is allergy testing easy?
Yes, a simple blood test is all it takes. Although allergy testing was historically performed with “prick” or “scratch” testing, these methods are archaic when compared to current blood testing technology that is more convenient, more cost effective, and less painful! Results are available in around 3-4 weeks, and allergy testing is readily affordable.
Why hasn’t my regular doctor ordered allergy testing?
Although the relationship between immune dysfunction and disease is rapidly being documented, and we have been on the forefront of helping patients in this arena, many doctors are not well-versed in this model. We are working hard to educate others about the relationship between food allergy and chronic disease.
How can I find out if allergies are causing my problems?
You can schedule an appointment with one of our doctors. He or she will help you figure out if allergy testing would be a good step for you.
To find out more about allergy testing, and to schedule an appointment, call us at (360) 651-9355.
|
<urn:uuid:e8986a5a-c7c2-4c6d-865c-ff8bf750bd6e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://ncoh.net/services/healthcare/index.php?mid=19
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320040.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623082050-20170623102050-00450.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.900532
| 523
| 2.75
| 3
|
In Armenian, the name literally translates to “from God” or one depicting a divine gift. Most older Armenian names start with Ar, a symbol of our identity and the powers we worshiped long before Christianity. Ar was the sun god and the main deity of the Armenian people, from whence we were defined as the children of God. Following the theories that the Indo-European proto-homeland was indeed in the lands known to us as the Armenian Highland, it’s not so strange a thought that it would be a name used in different parts of the world, albeit rarely in the present day. In Danish, Nigerian and German, it means Eagle. In Norse and Scandinavian, it means the ruler like an eagle. The latter language also uses it to symbolize peace. It is Gaelic for Ireland. In Hebrew, it’s a variant of Aaron, meaning a mountain of strength.
|
<urn:uuid:338d25c8-96d9-404f-be7d-4ca66cf66d18>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://tamarnajarian.wordpress.com/2012/05/16/armenian-names-aren/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320040.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623082050-20170623102050-00450.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962308
| 184
| 3.046875
| 3
|
Description - Primate Communities by J. G. Fleagle
Although the behaviour and ecology of primates have been more thoroughly studied than that of any other group of mammals, there have been very few attempts to compare the communities of living primates found in different parts of the world. In Primate Communities, an international group of experts compares the composition, behaviour and ecology of primate communities in Africa, Asia, Madagascar and South America. They examine the factors underlying the similarities and differences between these communities, including their phylogenetic history, climate, rainfall, soil type, forest composition, competition with other vertebrates and human activities. As it brings together information about primate communities from around the world for the very first time, it will quickly become an important source book for researchers in anthropology, ecology and conservation, and a readable and informative text for undergraduate and graduate students studying primate ecology, primate conservation or primate behaviour.
Buy Primate Communities by J. G. Fleagle from Australia's Online Independent Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
(246mm x 189mm x 23mm)
Cambridge University Press
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication:
Other Editions - Primate Communities by J. G. Fleagle
Book Reviews - Primate Communities by J. G. Fleagle
|
<urn:uuid:434b0a42-ef12-477c-b7f5-5a94320218d0>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.boomerangbooks.com.au/book.cfm?isbn=9780521620444
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320040.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623082050-20170623102050-00450.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.904813
| 265
| 2.84375
| 3
|
Why are there conflicts over the arts? Is there good art and bad art? Who decides? The Culture Shock series and Web site provide in-depth explorations of the impact of the arts on society, freedom of expression, cultural values, and censorship. These themes and topics are particularly well suited for interdisciplinary curricula, such as Humanities or American Studies, as well as in the English, history, film studies, or art classroom. The Web site provides additional information that teachers can use to develop their own background knowledge as well as classroom lessons.
NOTE: Because the series explores controversies in art, past and present, teachers should preview the films before showing them to students. Similarly, you should review the Culture Shock Web site to make sure the content is appropriate for your classroom.
TAPING RIGHTS: You may tape the television shows off the air and use them in your classroom for up to one year after broadcast.
What's On This Site For Teachers
Using the Culture Shock Web Site
This section provides ideas for teachers on using the site to enhance their own and their students' knowledge of the arts, as well as lesson plans based on specific examples from the site's main features. Discussion questions are also provided.
Soapbox: Teaching Controversial Topics
Do you tackle controversial topics in your classroom? What have been your successes, challenges and rewards? Share your thoughts and strategies for teaching about arts controversies with fellow educators at our soapbox forum.
Huck Finn in Context: A Teaching Guide (Web version)
Geared to high school educators, this guide provides a
comprehensive curriculum with lesson plans and companion
reading assignments on how to teach Twain's controversial masterpiece within
its historical and literary context.
Article: Culture Shock: Using Art and Art Controversy to Teach History
by Robert McBride, Jr.
Originally published in Social Education, the magazine of the National Council for Social Studies (NCSS), this article provides an overview of the PBS series and how the films can be used to teach and enrich history.
Article: Huck Finn: Born to Trouble
by Katherine Schulten
This article, written for English Journal, the magazine of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), explores the novel, the controversy, and the process of writing Huck Finn: A Teaching Guide, which supplements the Culture Shock film Born to Trouble: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Educational Resources To Order
Culture Shock Teachers' Guide
Huck Finn in Context: A Teaching Guide
Culture Shock Videos
|
<urn:uuid:bea9299f-3a2d-49ef-b793-a3c20d3347e8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/teachers/index.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320215.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624031945-20170624051945-00531.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.901988
| 522
| 3.71875
| 4
|
Bhagoria is another festival where young boys and girls choose their partners for life. The Bhils living in Jhabua, Alirajpur and Dhar range of Madhya Pradesh, have four main ethnic groups : Bhil, Bhilala, Patalia and Ranth. Bhagoria dance is performed by all these groups. Before Holi in the lunar month of Phalgun, corresponding to February/March, Bhagoria fair and Haats (occasional market) are organized. Most probably it originated as a fertility ritual and later festivity became more important than the ritual. On the day the fair begins, the dancers gather round a pole fixed vertically on the ground. The headman of the village worships Mandar, a drum with two faces. He then strikes the drum. Immediately the drummers start playing. Both men and women participate in the dance. The male dancers hold bows. The dance is accompanied with the percussion music of one or more Mandars only.
The Chhapeli dance prevalent in the Kumaon region of Uttar Pradesh is a social dance which is playful as well as amorous. Several duet dances are performed by couples who may be husband and wife or lovers. Each of the female dancers holds a mirror and a handkerchief. The musicians stand in a semicircle and the pairs of dancers dance before them. The vocalists sing in a chorus and the dancers dance to their singing. The percussion instruments that accompany the singing are: Hurka, an hourglass shaped drum, and Manjira, the cymbals.
|
<urn:uuid:7fcb7101-79c0-44ad-a6c6-c688b947f9d3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.gaurijog.com/bhagoria/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320362.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624221310-20170625001310-00611.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961918
| 323
| 2.890625
| 3
|
The phylum Nematoda are commonly called roundworms and have unsegmented bodies and a layer of cuticle that is secreted by the hypodermis underneath the skin. Nematodes lack a coelum and instead have a small, fluid-filled cavity containing their reproductive organs and intestine.Continue Reading
Roundworms are skinny worms tapered at both ends. Most of the 12,000 identified species look very much alike and are hard to distinguish. They live almost everywhere including freshwater and saltwater and can be herbivores, carnivores or omnivores. The help the environment by aiding in decomposition by breaking down organic matter.
Nematodes breath using the entire surface of their skin; therefore, they lack a respiratory system. Most species have separate sexes while others are hermaphrodites. All species have a mouth and anus, giving them a complete digestive system. They all have teeth which they use to eat, and a pharynx which pumps food into the intestine. They lack a circulation system and nutrients are sent throughout the body via diffusion. Some species have simple eyes while others use light-sensitive organs disbursed throughout the entire body.
Nematodes include hookworms, heartworms and pinworms. Some of the more dangerous types of nematodes include the worm responsible for trichinosis in animals. This nematode is called the trichinella spiralis.Learn more about Zoology
|
<urn:uuid:6befc111-028e-46b8-888c-85b29d5fc6b2>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.reference.com/science/general-characteristics-phylum-nematoda-73508601317f57a2
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320362.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624221310-20170625001310-00611.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.926422
| 296
| 4.15625
| 4
|
If you are eating an insufficient amount of food to meet your RMR, you will not be eating enough to maintain your body’s functions properly. You can do this for a day or even two days without consequences. But chronic restriction of calories below the RMR is not unusual among dieters. This type of severe restriction can go on for an extended period of time (weeks or months), but NOT WITHOUT PAYING A PRICE. That price may be your health.
Your body fights back.
It actually DECREASES its metabolic rate.
When you restrict calories too severely, your body is forced to make tradeoffs. Your body will struggle to preserve the highest priority bodily functions. Brain and heart function will be a very high priority whereas reproductive function and bone will be sacrificed.
You think you are restricting calories but if your restriction is too severe, your body will do everything it can to conserve calories. A familiar example of restricting calories too severely is the athlete or ballerina or model that is always trying to cut weight. But many people practice severe calorie restriction, not just models or athletes.
Here is what happens to a female who restricts calories too severely for an extended period:
- She experiences fatigue and becomes listless
- She may sleep more
- She finds it more difficult to exercise or work
- She damages her immune system which means she gets sick more often and for longer
- She skips her menstrual periods for months or even years because her endocrine system is thrown into disarray
- She loses her reproductive capacity (she will be unable to conceive or carry a baby)
- If she is dieting while pregnant, she may damage her baby’s development
- She loses muscle tissue as her body breaks down muscle in its desperate search for calories
- She loses heart muscle in addition to skeletal muscle
- Her bones become thinner and she may experience broken bones if she falls
- Her hair becomes brittle and may start to fall out
- Her eyes become dull
- She develops skin problems
- She has bad breath because she is burning ketones
- She starts to experience mood changes
- She develops psychological changes that can develop into dementia, anorexia or bulimia
- She can eventually starve to death
There has to be a better way, and there is!
Severe calorie restriction is totally unnecessary and counterproductive. The alternative is to take the long view and be willing to LOSE WEIGHT SLOWLY by restricting calories only modestly. THE UPSIDE – YOU WON’T HAVE TO DO IT AGAIN! What You Need To Know
You need to know your RMR and avoid restricting calories below your RMR. Here is what you need to know:
- Your RMR makes up the major portion of your daily calorie needs
- You should protect your body’s RMR as you do a high performance automobile. You need to eat enough calories to meet your RMR each day.
- A racecar requires high-test fuel for optimal performance. Similarly, your body requires wholesome food in adequate amounts to protect your RMR
- Building healthy muscle and bone by eating the right foods and exercising will actually INCREASE your RMR and help you manage your weight
- Protecting your RMR will pay you dividends because you will feel better and be more vigorous and active – which allows you to burn more calories.
- To increase your metabolism:
- Exercise daily
- Build your muscles through strength training
- Build bone by doing “weight bearing” exercise like walking or dancing (or any other exercise or sport that you perform while up on your feet)
If calorie restriction is too severe, the fatigue that results will undermine your exercise regimen. You will not have the energy you need to exercise. You may actually rest more or sleep more – which leads to an overall reduction in calories burned. Here is a typical scenario:
John burns 2000 calories per day of which 1600 calories per day is his RMR requirement.
John wants to lose 1.5 pounds per week, so he cuts his calorie intake by 750 calories. This leaves John with 1250 calories – some of which is from nutrient poor soda and “junk food.” The 1250 calories he allows himself is well below the 1600 calories he needs to support his RMR.
This drastic reduction in calories and poor quality food causes John to feel fatigued and he sleeps a lot – in fact he starts sleeping late and does not want to go for his daily workout in the early morning.
After a week or two of feeding his body only 1250 calories a day, John is surprised and frustrated that his weight loss is not the 1 ½ pounds per week he expected. It is scarcely ½ pound per week! This is because to conserve calories, his RMR has decreased drastically and he is exercising less and sleeping more.
|
<urn:uuid:f8c9e599-eb98-4a86-81c6-2f2c5c383a9b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://biointelligentwellness.com/2010/10/what-happens-if-you-cut-your-food-intake-below-your-rmr/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320545.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625170634-20170625190634-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952955
| 1,002
| 2.859375
| 3
|
Industrial sand plays a critical role in the production of a wide variety of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. In metal production, silica sand operates as a flux to lower the melting point and viscosity of the slags to make them more reactive and efficient. Lump silica is used either alone or in conjunction with lime to achieve the desired base/acid ratio required for purification. These base metals can be further refined and modified with other ingredients to achieve specific properties such as high strength, corrosion resistance or electrical conductivity. Ferroalloys are essential to specialty steel production, and industrial sand is used by the steel and foundry industries for de-oxidation and grain refinement.
|
<urn:uuid:09d8c415-08ad-40f9-b85e-08133514b3cc>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://sand.org/Metal-Production
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320545.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625170634-20170625190634-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.894043
| 141
| 2.796875
| 3
|
Monday, April 22, 2013
2 cans crescent roll dough
16 large marshmallows
1. Preheat oven to 350* and read John 19 while it's heating
2. Roll out the dough and explain how it is like the cloth they wrapped Jesus Body in.
3. Explain how a marshmallow is like Jesus, pure and white without sin, and it represents the body.
4. Roll the marshmallow in the melted butter and then cinnamon sugar, representing the oils and spices they placed on Jesus body before burying him.
5. Roll the marshmallow in the dough, pinching the edges shut. Explain how this is like wrapping Jesus body in the cloth.
6. Put the rolls in the over, or the tomb for 12 minutes
7. While they bake, read John 20: 1-18
8. When baked, open up the rolls to discover the marshmallow is gone, just like Jesus body was gone from the tomb because he was resurrected.
|
<urn:uuid:4abca23a-63de-45e1-bbcb-011e92a63b38>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://thesweetheartyheartcafe.blogspot.com/2013/04/resurrection-rolls.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320545.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625170634-20170625190634-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.902193
| 202
| 2.515625
| 3
|
Washington, DC - Building codes set the baseline for the safe design and construction of our homes, schools, and workplaces, providing the minimum requirements to adequately safeguard the health, safety and welfare of building occupants. The impacts of climate change – including hotter temperatures, more extreme weather, sea level rise, and more severe drought – pose significant challenges for buildings and homes, many of which were not built to withstand the future impacts of climate change.
Today, the White House hosted a Conference on Resilient Building Codes to highlight the critical role of building codes in furthering community resilience and the importance of incorporating resilience and the future impacts of climate change in the codes and standards development process.
As part of today’s event, the Administration highlighted Federal and private sector efforts aimed at advancing the principles of resilience in building codes and standards, and building design. President Obama declared May as National Building Safety Month in order to recognize and pay tribute to those who ensure the safety and resilience of our Nation's buildings, and to reaffirm our commitment to upholding and abiding by strong and effective building safety standards.
New Federal actions announced today include:
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: Incorporation of Resilient Building Codes into Housing Programs
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) announces it will review, through the Department’s executive-level Climate Council, its existing building construction requirements with the goal of aligning program requirements with the most recent model building codes and standards for resilient construction. This action responds to the 2014 Housing and Urban Development Climate Change Adaptation Plan recommendation to update building standards to incorporate sustainability and resilience measures.
- Federal Emergency Management Agency and the National Institute of Building Sciences: Update to the 2005 Multihazard Mitigation Council Mitigation Saves Study
The Federal Emergency Management Agency announces its support for an effort by the National Institute of Building Science to revisit and extend the 2005 Mitigation Saves study that demonstrated that for every dollar spent on hazard mitigation, society saves $4. This new study, titled “An Independent Study on Savings Associated with Public and Private Mitigation” seeks to both update the original Mitigation Saves study data as well as to study the cost-effectiveness of private-sector mitigation.
- Federal Emergency Management Agency: Disaster Deductible for the Public Assistance Program
The Federal Emergency Management Agency commits to further explore incentivizing the adoption and enforcement of building codes at the state and local level through a disaster deductible requirement for the Public Assistance Program. In January 2016, FEMA published an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking introducing the deductible as a general concept and soliciting input from stakeholders. FEMA is currently evaluating the extensive input that was received and is developing a more detailed plan, to be put forth for additional public discussion in a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. The revised plan would allow states to earn credits toward their deductible requirement through adoption and enforcement of building codes.
- General Services Administration: Climate Change Risk Screening for Capital Investment Leasing Program
GSA commits to systematically incorporate climate change risk management into its Capital Investment Program and the P-100 Facilities Standard. In addition, GSA commits to develop a decision-making framework to help GSA customers identify and manage climate-related risks to their supply chains. These efforts support best value decisions by addressing climate change vulnerabilities and ensuring that the initial public investment is fit for purpose over the asset life.
- National Institute of Standards and Technology: Codes and Standards for Resilience to Tornadoes
The National Institute of Standards and Technology, in coordination with FEMA and other Federal agencies, announces that it is developing state-of-the-science tornado hazard maps, which will underpin a new performance-based standard for design of buildings and other structures to better resist tornadoes. These tornado maps and standard will help design professionals ensure that future buildings are better equipped to withstand the impacts of high winds and debris.
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Resilient Building Codes Resource Website
Today, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers launched a website to promote more resilient communities through use of the latest standards and criteria, building codes, and recent climate science. The Corps’ website serves as a single starting point for planners and designers with needs for greater building safety and resilience.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Smart Growth Code Fixes for Climate Adaptation Report
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announces the upcoming release of the Office of Sustainable Communities Smart Growth Code Fixes for Climate Adaptation report. This report will give communities a menu of changes they can make to zoning and building codes and related policies to prepare for and adapt to climate change while bringing other environmental, economic, social, and health benefits. The report will be available in Fall 2016.
- Mitigation Framework Leadership Group: Implementation Strategy for Increasing Disaster Resilience Through Federal Support for Building Code Adoption and Enforcement The Federal interagency Mitigation Framework Leadership Group (MitFLG) announces that the Implementation Strategy for Increasing Disaster Resilience through Federal Support for Building Code Adoption and Enforcement will be released in Fiscal Year 2016. This Strategy identifies several activities Federal departments and agencies can use to align programs, resources, and coordination efforts in the pursuit of increased resilience through building code adoption and enforcement.
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security Office of Infrastructure Protection: Community Infrastructure Resilience Toolkit
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) Office of Infrastructure Protection announces that it will release the Community Infrastructure Resilience Toolkit (CIRT) in late 2016. The CIRT will help communities develop a Community Infrastructure Resilience Plan that will provide actionable guidance for building critical infrastructure resilience considerations into planning and resource allocation decisions at the community level.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture: Incorporation of Resilient Building Codes into Rural Housing Programs
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development announces it will review its existing building construction requirements with the goal of aligning program requirements with the most recent model building codes and standards for resilient construction. This action responds to the 2014 USDA Climate Change Adaptation Plan recommendations to update building standards to incorporate sustainability and resilience measures.
- U.S. Department of Transportation: Resilient Design of the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
The U.S. Department of Transportation, in partnership with the General Services Administration, announces that it is seeking an exchange partner to redevelop the 14-acre John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) in Cambridge, Massachusetts using principles of resilient design on the new Federal building portion of the project.
New Private Sector actions highlighted today include:
- The Alliance to Save Energy commits to incorporating resilience into existing Alliance building energy code education, development, and implementation efforts.
- The American Institute of Architects announces that it will create a resilience curriculum for the professional development of architects including resilient design and decision-making on hazard mitigation, climate adaptation, and community resilience.
- The American Society of Interior Designers commits to advancing the awareness of resilient design during its Impact Summit in August of 2016.
- The American Society of Landscape Architects commits to publishing a resilience toolkit that will include research, guides, projects, and other resources to help professionals design resilient landscapes at various scales.
- The Associated General Contractors of America commits to supporting a coordinated national strategy to invest in infrastructure and provide education and outreach to construction professionals on resiliency initiatives.
- ASHRAE commits to utilizing member research funding to support research related to resilience in buildings and building systems.
- The Building Owners and Managers Association International commits to creating webinars focused on existing buildings and code adoption to provide guidance and best practices on how to increase resiliency of buildings.
- In 2016, the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute is launching a comprehensive resilience education program incorporating web-based tools and local learning resources to convey best practices for resilient design and construction.
- The Federal Alliance for Safe Homes is launching a new 2016 national hurricane resilience initiative, #HurricaneStrong, through collaboration with FEMA, NOAA/National Weather Service, The Home Depot, and The Weather Channel.
- Florida International University commits to releasing peer-reviewed publications that provide benefit/cost analyses on building code enforcement and effectiveness to inform community decisions to replace, relocate, or retrofit their homes.
- The Green Building Initiative will convene a resilience task force as part of its efforts to update and revise its ANSI/GBI 01-2010 Standard, an assessment protocol for green commercial buildings.
- The Illuminating Engineering Society, through its newly formed Standing Committee on Resilience, will assess lighting’s role in advancing building and community resilience.
- The Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety is committed to working with FEMA, other Federal agencies, and state and local jurisdictions to increase public awareness and use of FEMA P-804, Wind Retrofit Guide for Residential Buildings.
- The International Association of Fire Chiefs will develop training for the fire and emergency services focused on reducing community risk in order to support a whole community approach to resilience.
- The International Code Council announces that it will co-lead an effort to organize an inclusive, nationwide coalition to create and develop the country’s first Whole-Community metric for resilience.
- The Laborers' International Union of North America is committed to incorporating the latest knowledge to advance resilience and the implementation of building code provisions through its network of sites offering Department of Labor approved apprenticeship programs.
- The National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies announces that it will lead the creation of a national strategy for investing in mitigation.
- The National Concrete Masonry Association commits to developing materials supporting a refined articulation of resilient construction as construction designed and built to survive foreseeable catastrophic events and continue near normal operation within a short recovery period.
- The National Fire Protection Association announces the establishment of a new NFPA technical committee project to develop NFPA 1300 Standard for Community Risk Reduction with an anticipated release in 2017.
- The National Institute of Building Sciences commits to convening key industry stakeholders to develop recommendations to advance resilience and long-term performance in codes, standards, and other policies.
- The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors commits to incorporating resilience practices into the RICS Practice Statements with which all RICS members are required to comply.
- The Urban Land Institute announces that in 2016 it will launch a new Returns on Resilience website, which will spotlight design and development leaders in the real estate industry and highlight the business case for resilient buildings.
- The U.S. Green Building Council commits to actively engaging through its partnership in Resilient Communities for America and additional efforts to promote resilient building codes in communities across the country.
- The US Resiliency Council will launch a Building Rating System for Earthquakes in 2016 through which it will advocate for safe buildings and a better public understanding of building performance.
- The Verisk family of companies commits to expanding the Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS®) program to aid in a better understanding of the losses avoided and the overall resiliency of a community through the effective enforcement of building codes by developing a new BCEGS grading schedule that will incorporate additional data elements related to resiliency.
|
<urn:uuid:6f41edf1-339e-4f3e-af4b-b7bef2a9a4e8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.imperialvalleynews.com/index.php/news/health/9147-poor-health-lifestyle-factors-linked-to-memory-complaints-even-among-younger-adults.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320545.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625170634-20170625190634-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.903798
| 2,304
| 2.84375
| 3
|
[Animator Cathy Feraday Miller, who has worked on major feature films and video games, shares her techniques for animating quadrapeds in walk and run states, presenting both reference materials and her own animations in various states of completion.]
Animating animals is usually fun, but can often be complicated and technical. Figuring out what to do with all those legs can really trip up an animator. We can animate human-shaped characters a lot easier than multi-legged beasts because we have an intuitive knowledge of the way bipeds move.
It is easy for an animator to act out a motion when the character moves like us; feeling the action 'in the body' helps us understand how to animate it. So what happens when the character is a quadruped and you don't have that intuitive feel at your disposal? How do you make that movement believable? Suitable reference and a sophisticated media player is the place to start.
Luckily for the animation community, there is a wealth of reference material that can help. I'll walk you through my process for animating quadruped locomotion and share classic references that will help you deconstruct the fundamentals of the four gaits: walk, run, trot and gallop. I'll also share an example of my own 3D walk animation and offer technical tips for creating believable quadruped locomotion cycles.
With a media viewer that can scrub single-frame backwards and forwards, like QuickTime, you can watch the movement frame by frame. Drawing thumbnail images with directional notes helps you synthesize the information.
There are now lots of websites out there that put up live-action animal footage, such as the Rhino House human and animal locomotion website, which has a built-in player that can scrub their video reference material (click the image below to check out their website and viewer). Thanks to the internet, finding reference and getting into it to see what is going on is the easy part. The hard part is converting that information into something that makes sense to the animator and for the character that is to be animated.
Following a process speeds up your workflow. Before I get into the creative part of animating, I usually have all of my research done. Gathering and absorbing all of the technical details and reference material beforehand frees me up to get into the creative flow of animating, with easy access to my reference material. My process is something like this:
1. Consider what animal most closely resembles the beast I need to animate.
2. Search for reference material. Here are the sources I find useful:
3. Analyze the reference material and find the section of the footage that is most useful
4. Create thumbnail drawings to assist with my animation, including notes on direction and any unusual qualities I can see in footage.
|
<urn:uuid:3461cf95-641b-448a-b1fc-4c379f5434bb>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/169673/animating_fourlegged_beasts.php?page=1
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321306.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627083142-20170627103142-00131.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942142
| 569
| 2.5625
| 3
|
Of the great composers of the nineteenth century, few were British. Indeed, it was one of those running jokes on the continent that British music wasn’t British at all: it was German. Think Handel, for instance, who Baroque masterpieces still infuse a certain sense of the eighteenth century dominance of British power. We know, of course, that this joke was a harsh one – British music was very much alive, whether in the form of brass bands, folk songs and tunes played in pubs, eisteddfodau, wakes, or ceilidhs, or in the choral tradition of the Welsh chapels. Composers such as Parry, Parry and Stanford stamped an identifiably British voice on their music and ensured the vitality of that voice in an era of European dominance. But then we ask the simplest of questions. Just who was the most popular composer Victorian Britain? Answer: Felix Mendelssohn. Behind him came the three giants of concert music: Bach, Beethoven and Brahms. And then? Well, the European romantics of Dvorak and Tchaikovsky, and Wagner of course.
The musical culture of Wales, particularly, was dominated by this continental idiom. Those who search the National Library of Wales’ fine new digitised newspaper database will quickly discern that. There were, though, early attempts at distilling Welshness into orchestral form but as the Evening Express pointed out in 1892, ‘few Welshman are aware that there is a Welsh symphony’. So who wrote it and when? The honour of the first symphony to be called ‘Welsh’ lies with Sir Frederic Cowen’s fourth symphony in b-flat minor, which received its premiere at St James’s Hall in London on 28 May 1884. The Western Mail was particularly enthusiastic in its praise for Cowen’s borrowings from Welsh music declaring that the work would ‘give delight to every Cymric heart’. It hasn’t been played much since, and Cowen’s current reputation isn’t all that great. Compared to Stanford’s Irish symphony produced a few years later or Mendelssohn’s popular ‘Scottish’ symphony, it’s a minor work but one that prompted some consideration of where to go next. Here’s the Evening Express again: ‘But why, oh, why did our Welsh musicians allow Mr Cowen to anticipate them in producing a national Welsh symphony?’
It was a long wait for the next one. Indeed, it was not until the maturing careers of Grace Williams, David Wynne, Alun Hoddinott, and William Mathias, after the Second World War, that Wales broke out of it is choral tradition and into the orchestral programmes of the concert hall. My favourite piece of all this is Grace Williams’ ever popular Fantasia on Welsh Nursery Tunes, a work that I first played with the Rhondda Symphony Orchestra as a sixth former, and a violinist. Here it is performed by the National Youth Orchestra of Wales.
What difference did this make to the musical tradition of Wales in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? It’s a difficult question to answer in a quantifiable way since it depends on the emphasis you place on orchestral music as a manner of musical performance. Certainly, Wales was relatively slow in developing community-based orchestral societies, particularly outside of the seaboard towns of the South Wales and North Wales coasts; many places in the South Wales Coalfield, for instance, didn’t form orchestras until the inter-war years and they did not survive for very long. Brass bands and choral societies, of course, thrived in that part of the country where working-class traditions held sway. Where they did form, in towns such as Newport, which had its own Royal Albert Hall, it was choral repertoire such as Handel’s The Messiah, Haydn’s Creation, or Mendelssohn’s Elijah that held sway.
Perhaps the finest orchestra in Wales in the late nineteenth century was that of the Cardiff Orchestral Society and it provides us with a very clear and tangible idea of just what sort of musical identity, in the concert hall at least, existed in coalopolis in that period. It’s worth pointing out that the society’s conductor from 1889-1892 was Joseph Parry of Merthyr Tydfil, the noted Welsh composer. So: the repertoire. The obvious thing to note, as we go along here, is how similar nineteenth century concerts are to today’s mainstays. In one concert given by the Cardiff Orchestra Society in the early 1890s, for instance, there was the overture to Weber’s Oberon, excerpts from Gounod’s Faust and Bizet’s Carmen. Their 1890 season featured equally standard fare such as Beethoven’s Egmont overture; Liszt’s Hungarian Rhapsody, Mendelssohn’s Violin Concerto, and, for the first time, the overture to Rossini’s William Tell. But Cardiff, I hear you cry as you read this, was the main city – it would present that kind of repertoire, wouldn’t it? Well, here’s the favoured composers of Neath Orchestral Society, which was founded in 1904: Mozart, Mendelssohn, Wagner, Tchaikovsky, Grieg, Borodin, Saint-Saens, Svendsen, and Strauss.
The Europeanness of the concert hall in nineteenth century Wales ensured that some of the great musicians of the day played there, including the Danish violinist Frida Scotta. Scotta played the Mendelssohn concerto at the Park Hall in Cardiff in February 1895. Here’s what Joseph Parry had to say about it:
Miss Frida Scotta’s violin concerto (Mendelssohn) is worthy of criticism. In the first movement the time was satisfactory, but occasionally the wood wind wanted a little more suppressing- The strings in their piano pas- sages were very good, and the soloist’s octave passages were very well rendered, while the intonation was praiseworthy. In the cadenza the violinist’s shakes were meritorious; her upper notes were at all times most- pure. and the arpeggios at the close and the harmonies were invariably clear. In the transitional bridge connecting the first with the violinist’s beautiful solo movement, the intonation of the wind instruments was not as pure as could be desired. The fairy-like last movement, with its jetty wood wind and pizzicati, was at times lacking in steadiness of tempi, but in each (as the shortcoming soon disappeared. The celli contrapuntal passages against the solo were very effective. At the close the audience showed an enthusiastic appreciation of an artist who is certainly an acquisition to the concert-room.
Not the most effusive review in the world, but one that hints at the charming character of Scotta’s playing. That Mendelssohn Concerto again, though. Gets into your head a bit, doesn’t it.
Historians of other forms of popular music, notably brass bands and choirs, have remarked on their essential national character and linked them very carefully to community identities and to facets of social relations such as class and gender. Clearly orchestral music is never going to yield that kind of localised narrative, the Western canon is much too powerful. But I think it tells us something else about Victorian Wales which is often overlooked as we strive to find the elements that mark the Welsh out as distinctive and different from the other peoples of the British Isles. That is, in short, that Wales was a European nation attuned – to Concert A, if I can make that bad pun – to the cultural life of the rest of Europe. It was not cut off from ballet or opera because it happened to be on the margins of British power, what the London media (and the historians who know no better) happily calls the ‘Celtic Fringe’ or the ‘Provinces’.
What remains to be seen is just who was turning up to Cardiff Orchestral Society concerts, for example. Filling the Park Hall with 2,000 people was no mean feat and clearly not all of those sat in the stalls or in the upper circle were middle class. But that’s a line of thought for another day.
|
<urn:uuid:38f2c156-947b-412f-80eb-7fb7d6f5c6c3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://historyonthedole.wordpress.com/2013/07/08/a-musical-prelude-waless-place-in-the-concert-hall/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128322320.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628032529-20170628052529-00211.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966807
| 1,816
| 2.59375
| 3
|
Saturday, February 27, 2010
There is a slight increase in the average of the mean. Viewing the total range you get this:
However, the data is far from complete. This shows the range of all the stations in Southern Ontario.
You can see that the bulk of the data is clustered around just a few years.
One station with the longest range of data is Belleville, however it ends in 2006.
This is the average of the mean temps for Belleville:
The trend is increasing for this average, however when the entire range is added we get this:
Here is the start and stop of winter as definted by the last night frost in spring and the first night front in the fall, thus the growing season.
This plot shows the number of days above 30C (which is the points that are past the upper second standard deviation).
This is the number of days below -20C.
This is the number of days below zero.
The big change in the early 1930's is due to incomplete data in 1931 and 1932.
It is clear that the hot days in the summer are dropping, while the coldest temps are warming. Thus the temps are narrowing in their range since the 1940's.
Thus this begs an interesting question. If the summer temps are cooling and the winter temps are warming, when will they converge and at what temp?
It's some 750 years at 13C.
Thus after that time, if these trends continue, the winters would be warmer than the summer! Obviously this cannot happen. Thus the current trends must change direction at some point in the future. Notice that the trend for the average crosses the trend for the max temps. It is mathematically impossible for an average to be bigger than the highest numbers that gave the average.
Thus, this is firm evidence that the current trends are part of a cycle, a very small portion of a natural cycle and cannot in any way indicate that CO2 is warming the planet.
Dim FSO As New FileSystemObject
Dim TextObj As TextStream
Dim FromThis As String
Dim RecItem As ListItem
Dim Maindb As MCSADODB
FromThis = "<table class=" & Chr(34) & "dataTable" & Chr(34)
ToThis = "<form action"
Set Maindb = New MCSADODB
Maindb.OpenDB "L:\global warming\Databases\", "MasterStations.mdb"
For Each RecItem In LocationsList.ListItems
If RecItem.SubItems(3) = "" Then
If RecItem.SubItems(2) = "CC" Then
If Not FSO.FileExists("L:\global warming\RawTextFiles\" & RecItem.Text & " RawData.txt") Then
RecItem.SubItems(3) = "Downloading"
Set TextObj = FSO.CreateTextFile("L:\global warming\RawTextFiles\" & RecItem.Text & " RawData.txt")
For YearIndex = 1900 To 2009
For MonthIndex = 1 To 12
Text1.Text = "http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climateData/bulkdata_e.html?timeframe=2&Prov=XX&StationID=" & RecItem.Text & "&Year=" & YearIndex & "&Month=" & MonthIndex & "&Day=1&format=csv&type=dly"
ReturnedString = Inet1.OpenURL(Text1.Text)
ReturnedString = Replace(ReturnedString, ",", Chr(9))
ReturnedString = Replace(ReturnedString, Chr(34), "")
List1.AddItem "ID=" & RecItem.Text & ", Year=" & YearIndex & ", Month =" & MonthIndex, 0
RecItem.Bold = True
RecItem.SubItems(3) = "Yes"
RecItem.SubItems(3) = "Previous"
Maindb.EditRecord "Stations", "StnID", StationID
Maindb.SetField "DownLoaded", "Yes"
Each station raw data was stored in a text file. A VB6 routine was then run on those text files to import the records into an Access database, one for each station. The raw data was stored as is in one table. It was then appended into a second table clearing out any nulled values. This second table contained only the date fields, max temp, mean temp and min temp fields. All analysis was done on this table.
Each database was then looped to get a summary of the range of dates, number of records for each station and stored in a master mdb file. This database will also be used to store the trends for each stations so that regional and country summary can be easily calculated.
The data was also broken into regions. West Coast (BC), Central Canada, Southern Ontario, Quebec south, Maritimes, and Arctic. A separate mdb file was created for each of these and all stations for that region appended into it.
Analysis was done using Excel files. A VB6 routine was written to execute the required query in the station mdb file, copied, and then pasted into a template xls file, the range of the series of the graphs changed to match the number of records, the trend equations copied and pasted into cells and the master mbd, and then saved by the station id. Thus one xls for each station.
Each station will be presented in the same way as outlined in my second video.
Each temperature graph will contain the following:
- Highest of the max temps plot and trend with equation.
- The upper Standard Deviation of the max temps plot and trend with equation
- The average of the mean temps plot and trend with equation
- The lower Standard Deviation of the min temps plot and trend with equation
- The lowest of the min temps plot and trend with equation
These five points on a graph will show the entire range of yearly temps, not just the average of the mean which is the one AGW proponents use to claim the planet is getting hotter.
At the top of every graph is a summary of the trends over the length of the station's temps.
Each station report will also contain the following graphs:
- Length of winter, calculated based on the number days from the first night fall frost to the last night spring frost (the growing season).
- The number of hot days. AGW proponents claim the planet is heating up, there will be more heat waves. If so, this graph should show that, if it's true.
- The number of extreme cold days.
Each station will also contain a precipitation graph showing rain and snow fall for that location.
Any specific stations presented here individually will be chosen based on the length of data they contain. The criteria will be that a station must have at least 80% of the days from Jan 1, 1900 to Dec 31, 2009. Because so few stations fit into that criteria, there will hence be few stations that will fill the criteria.
The next post will evaluate the state of all the stations.
Friday, February 26, 2010
I've been downloading all 1300+ stations of Canadian temperature records from Environment Canada, and databasing the records in order to analyze trends. That is, to confirm or refute AGW's claim the planet is heating up.
I have long noted to anyone who will listen that the average of the mean temp anomalies we keep seeing of increasing temps can be obtained by not having hotter summers. In fact, one can get an increase in the average temp by several ways:
Increase the summer maximum temperatures and increasing the winter minimum temperatures.
Increase the summer maximum temperatures but no change in the winter minimum temperatures
No increase the summer maximum temperatures but increase the winter minimum temperature
Decrease the summer temperatures a little, but increase the winter minimum temperatures more.
All four can give the exact same average mean temperature. Thus detail of what is physically going on is lost using the average mean temperature. (We will soon see that #4 is what has actually happened.)
Here is an analogy. You set your home temperature to 23C all day with climate control. Throughout the year if you averaged all the daily temperatures you will get 23C. If however, you decide to save some money and during the winters you allow your nighttime temperature to drop to 10C. You have just pulled the average temperature for the year down to around 18C.
Thus, this "global warming" could just be a narrowing of the range in temps, and the surface station data will show exactly that.
I have already put on line two documents of the first analysis, more will follow here as opposed to posting them on Scribd.
There will be separate blogs for each of these to get comments.
Also see these two Youtube videos.
----------------------------------- NOTE ---------------------------------------Now, I want this blog to be open for all sides. Science advances with healthy skepticism, or it's just dogma. But I will NOT tolerate name calling, harassment, threats, or general abuse from any side, you comments will be simply not posted. So don't bother.
I will also be posting blog of the source code (VB6) and SQL (Access) code I use to get the records as well as how the data was stored. So everything will be transparent.
----------------------------------- DISCLAIMER ---------------------------------------
I do not work for any fossil fuel company.
I do not recieve any funds from any organization or any person to fight AGW.
I'm a retired Toronto Fire Fighter and 25 year professional software developer. One of my past clients back in the mid 1990's was Sunoco where I was contracted to build their natural gas call center software. That project was the only 14 months I have "worked for" a fossil fuel company.
For 30 years I have also faught creationism. One of my efforts was published. See:
Wakefield, J. R. (1988), "The geology of 'Gentry’s Tiny Mystery'", Journal of Geological Education 36: 161–175, http://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/gentry/tiny.htm .
Wakefield, J. R., 1987-88, "Gentry’s Tiny Mystery - unsupported by geology," Creation/Evolution, v. 22, p. 13–33.
|
<urn:uuid:405bd37d-98f5-4ffe-94d3-0b16bb0bf3e6>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://cdnsurfacetemps.blogspot.com/2010/02/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323807.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628222452-20170629002452-00291.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.897228
| 2,205
| 3.46875
| 3
|
[awr-guh-nahyzd] /ˈɔr gəˌnaɪzd/
affiliated in an , especially a union:
having a formal or structure, especially to coordinate or carry out for widespread activities:
organized medicine; organized crime.
[awr-guh-nahyz] /ˈɔr gəˌnaɪz/
verb (used with object), organized, organizing.
to form as or into a whole consisting of interdependent or coordinated parts, especially for united action:
to organize a committee.
to organize the files of an office.
to give structure or character to:
to organize the elements of a composition.
to enlist or attempt to enlist into a labor union:
to organize workers.
to enlist the employees of (a company) into a labor union; unionize:
to organize a factory.
Informal. to put (oneself) in a state of mental competence to perform a task:
We can’t have any slip-ups, so you’d better get organized.
verb (used without object), organized, organizing.
to combine in an organized company, party, or the like.
to form a labor union:
Management resisted all efforts to organize.
to assume organic structure.
planned and controlled on a large scale and involving many people: organized crime
orderly and efficient: a highly organized campaign
(of the workers in a factory or office) belonging to a trade union: organized labour
to form (parts or elements of something) into a structured whole; coordinate
(transitive) to arrange methodically or in order
(transitive) to provide with an organic structure
(transitive) to enlist (the workers) of (a factory, concern, or industry) in a trade union
(intransitive) to join or form an organization or trade union
(transitive) (informal) to put (oneself) in an alert and responsible frame of mind
1590s, “furnished with organs,” past participle adjective from organize (v.). Meaning “forming a whole of interdependent parts” is from 1817. Organized crime attested from 1929.
early 15c., “construct, establish,” from Middle French organiser and directly from Medieval Latin organizare, from Latin organum “instrument, organ” (see organ). Related: Organized; organizing.
organize or·gan·ize (ôr’gə-nīz’)
v. or·gan·ized, or·gan·iz·ing, or·gan·iz·es
noun 1. all workers who are organized in labor unions. 2. these unions considered as a political force.
noun 1. a former military organization functioning under both state and federal authority.
[awr-guh-nahy-zer] /ˈɔr gəˌnaɪ zər/ noun 1. a person who , especially one who forms and a group. 2. a person whse job is to enlist employees into membership in a union. 3. a person who or schedules work: You would get this job done sooner if you were a better organizer. 4. a multiple folder […]
- Organ meat
noun the entrails and internal organs of a butchered animal, i.e. heart, kidneys, liver, sweetbreads; variety meat Examples Almost all organ meat is high in Vitamin B12. Word Origin by 1958 Usage Note cooking
|
<urn:uuid:34e440da-da5c-4f42-bb4a-8045e33b9052>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://definithing.com/define-dictionary/organized/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323807.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628222452-20170629002452-00291.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.88462
| 762
| 3.078125
| 3
|
Back to Lumbee Dialect
The Lumbee Indians of North Carolina
Cheraw community was first observed on Drowning Creek (Lumber River)
in present day Robeson County, North Carolina, in 1724. Almost 300
years later, the Lumbees continue to live along the Lumber River. The
Lumbees have been recognized by the state of North Carolina as a tribe
since 1885. With this recognition, the state provided educational
assistance and other services.
In 1887, the state established an All American Indian training
school for the Lumbee. This institution grew into a college, which
today has an enrollment of approximately 3,000 and is known as the University of North
Carolina at Pembroke. It is one of the sixteen institutions that
make up the University of North Carolina system.
Chronological And Legislative History of the Lumbee
Pre 1700's - 1799
- Pre 1700 to 1703 Cheraws are documented as living on or
near the Dan River in two settlements near the state border of
- 1703-1737 Cheraws are documented as living on the Pee Dee
- 1711-1712 Cheraws participated in alliance of tribes
engaged in intertribal warfare against Tuscarora in war in northeastern
NC. Tuscaroras were defeated mostly by Indian allies of European
colonists. Thousands of Tuscaroras were killed or enslaved.
Cheraws participated in Cofitachiqui Indian alliance
in Yamasee War, which was targeted against traders and colonist around
Charleston, SC. Cofitachiquo alliance was defeated by alliance of
European colonists and their Indian allies.
- 1725 Herbert Map was completed that shows the Wacoma
(Waccamaw) tribe on Drowning Creek (Lumbee River), NC.
- 1753 NC Governor Rowan issued a Proclamation identifying
Drowning Creek as a frontier to Indians.
- 1771 Information on Cheraws on Drowning Creek was reported
in Charleston, SC Newspaper.
- 1790 Locklears, Chavises, Oxendines, Hammonds, Brooks,
Cumbos, Revels, Carters, and Kerseys (people with predominant Lumbee
surnames) are listed on the 1790 Census of Robeson County as "All other
1800 to 1899
- 1835 NC State Constitution was amended to disenfranchise
Indians along with Blacks; Indians lose important citizenship rights.
Henry Berry Lowrie, legendary Lumbee outlaw/folk
hero, led guerilla war against violent and oppressive Confederate
officials, and later, US Military officials.
- 1868 Following the Civil War, the NC State Constitution
was amended to enfranchise Indians along with Blacks (Indians get back
important citizenship rights).
- 1885 NC General Assembly recognized the Indians of Robeson
County as Croatan and established a separate school system for Indians.
- 1887 Indian leaders and NC General Assembly established a
Croatan Indian Normal School, which eventually grew to becomes the
University of NC at Pembroke.
- 1888 Leaders of the Croatan (Lumbee) petitioned the US
government for federal recognition and educational aid.
- 1890 NC Supreme Court ruled that Croatan School Committees
have authority to determine who tribal members are for purposes of
enrolling in Croatan Schools.
- 1895 Croatans (Lumbees) again petitioned Congress for an
appropriation of the Normal School for the Croatan Indians of Robeson
- 1895 NC General Assembly passed a resolution urging its US
Congressional delegation to support the Croatan (Lumbee) Indians.
- 1899 Congressman John D. Bellamy introduced a bill in US
Congress to provide educational assistance to the Croatan (Lumbee)
1900 to present
- 1900 Congressman Bellamy spoke before the US House
Committee on Indian Affairs and reported on origins, history, and needs
of the Croatan (Lumbee).
- 1900 US Government completed special Census of Indian
population of Robeson County and adjoining counties as part of Census
- 1909 NC General Assembly appropriated $3,000 to the
Croatan Indian of Robeson County for educational aid.
- 1910 US Government completed special Census of Indian
population of Robeson and adjoining counties as part of Census survey.
- 1911 NC General Assembly changed name of tribe to "Indians
of Robeson County" (Lumbee).
- 1913 US Congress held a hearing on status and concerns of
"Indians of Robeson County" (Lumbee)
- 1914 Delegation of Lumbee returned to Congress seeking
support for their educational system.
- 1919 O.M. McPherson, Special Indian agent with the US
Bureau of Indian Affairs, visits Robeson County to study Lumbee.
- 1921 NC General Assembly appropriated $75,000 to the
Indian Normal School.
- 1933 Bill introduced in Congress to recognize Indians of
Robeson County as "Cheraw".
- 1934 Lumbee leaders joined the National Congress of
- 1935 Bureau of Indian Affairs sent Special Indian agent to
Robeson County to study conditions of the tribe and recommend purchase
of land for the tribe.
- 1935 1936 - Researchers with the Bureau of Indian Affairs
of the US Department of the Interior came to Robeson County to conduct
studies among the Lumbee.
- 1952 Lumbee leaders held community referendum to get
approval of tribal members to change name of tribe to "Lumbee Tribe"
- 1953 NC General Assembly changed name of Indians of
Robeson County to "Lumbee".
- 1956 US Congress passed the Lumbee Act which provides
federal recognition of the tribe as "Lumbee", but denied federal Indian
services to members of the Lumbee tribe.
After the Klan
threatened Lumbee tribal members,
Lumbee Indians used force of arms to route Ku Klux Klan in
confrontation near Maxton, NC. The Lumbee tribe received national and
international news media attention for its defense of its community
against outside "hate groups."
- 1968 Lumbee Regional Development Association (LRDA)
organized to improve quality of life for Indian people in Robeson,
Hoke, and Scotland counties.
- 1971 Present - LRDA received federal funds to provide
services to low-income Indian people of Robeson and adjoining counties.
- 1971 - Present Leaders of LRDA joined and represented
the Lumbee tribe in the National Congress of American Indians, the
oldest, largest, and most respected Indian organization in the United
- 1972 - 1976 Lumbee groups worked to preserve
predominantly Indian schools and preserve and restore "Old Main" an
historic landmark building which is very important to Lumbee history
and culture, located on the UNCP campus.
- 1974 Bill introduced in US Congress to amend Lumbee Act of
1956 to provide full federal recognition to Lumbee Tribe.
- 1979 LRDA began efforts to develop petition through
Federal Acknowledgement Process of the Bureau of Indian Affairs,
Department of the Interior, for administrative recognition of the
- 1980 - 2001 LRDA prepared, updated, and maintains a list
of all enrolled members of the Lumbee tribe. (There are over 43,000
members to date.)
- 1984 Referendum approved by vote of the Lumbee Tribal
members authorized the Board of Directors of LRDA to act for the Lumbee
Tribe on federal recognition until a Lumbee Tribal Council is formed
and elected by Lumbee Tribal Enrolled members.
- 1987 LRDA and Lumbee River Legal Services submitted
petition for federal recognition of Lumbee tribe to Bureau of Indian
Affairs. This document was a product of the most extensive research
into the history and genealogy of the Lumbee and their ancestors to
- 1988 Bill introduced in US Senate and House of
Representatives for recognition of the Lumbee.
- 1988 The Lumbee Recognition Act advanced in Senate, but
died in House of Representatives.
- 1989 Leaders of LRDA obtained resolution from National
Congress of American Indians supporting efforts for federal recognition.
- 1989 The Solicitor for the Department of the Interior
ruled that the 1956 Lumbee Act denied the federal relationship to
Lumbee, the Lumbee are not eligible for the Federal Acknowledgement
Process of the BIA.
- 1991 Bill introduced in US Congress for recognition of the
Lumbee Tribe. Bill passed in House of Representatives, but died in
- 1993 Lumbee Recognition Bill passed in the US House of
- 1993 LRDA organized Lumbee Tribal Constitution Development
Project to help prepare a draft of a Lumbee tribal constitution and
explore options for tribal government.
- 1994 Lumbee Recognition Bill received strong bipartisan
support in the US Senate, endorsed by Senator Daniel Inouye (D) and
Senator Lauch Faircloth (R).
- 1994 Glen Maynor was elected Sheriff of Robeson County,
the first Lumbee in this very important position. Joanne Locklear was
elected Clerk of Court of Robeson County, the first Lumbee to hold this
very important position.
- 1998 April Whittemore crowned first ever Lumbee Miss
- 2000 Lorna McNeil crowned Miss North Carolina, first
American Indian woman to hold this position.
- 2001 Lumbee elect first Lumbee Tribal Council. For more
information about the Tribal Council, please visit their web page at
Back to Top
|
<urn:uuid:b7db28b4-86c9-4e1a-a5b4-4ad5fe499ca1>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/lumbee/timeline/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323807.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628222452-20170629002452-00291.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.899663
| 2,001
| 3.890625
| 4
|
The 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded jointly to Serge Haroche from the Collège de France and David Wineland from the University of Colorado Boulder for their pioneering work in the field of quantum optics.
Both aged 68, Haroche and Wineland work in the field of quantum optics to study the fundamental interaction between light and matter.
Working independently of each other, they have invented and developed methods for measuring and manipulating individual particles without destroying them.
Today, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said it had awarded the two scientists with the physics prize for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems".
In his research, Wineland traps electrically charged atoms, or ions, and then controls and measures them with light, or photons. Meanwhile, taking an opposite approach, Haroche controls and measures trapped photons by sending atoms through a trap.
"Their ground-breaking methods have enabled this field of research to take the very first steps towards building a new type of super-fast computer based on quantum physics. Perhaps the quantum computer will change our everyday lives in this century in the same radical way as the classical computer did in the last century," said the academy.
Nobel Laureate David Wineland. Image via Wikipedia
Prof Sir Peter Knight, president of the Institute of Physics, spoke today about how Haroche and Wineland have made "tremendous advances" in our understanding of quantum entanglement.
"Their work demonstrates very fundamental behaviour of quantum systems under complete control, and underpins quantum technologies relevant to quantum computing and atomic clocks," he said.
Born in 1944 in Casablanca, Morocco, Haroche is a professor at Collège de France in Paris. Also born in 1944 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the US, Wineland is a fellow at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder.
Yesterday, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was jointly awarded to the scientists Shinya Yamanaka and John Gurdon for their independent stem-cell research.
Buy your tickets now!
|
<urn:uuid:037bd81f-bcae-4d26-9f8b-19985eba3f93>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.siliconrepublic.com/innovation/nobel-prize-for-physics-awarded-jointly-to-quantum-optics-trailblazers
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323807.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628222452-20170629002452-00291.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934707
| 427
| 3
| 3
|
TODAY’S STUDY: IRELAND’S NEW ENERGY PLANS
Renewable Energy in Ireland…
Martin Howley, Mary Holland and Kevin O’Rourke, February 2014 (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland)
Progress towards Overall Renewable Energy Directive Target
• The contribution of renewable energy to overall energy demand rose from 2.3% to 7.1% between 1990 and 2012. Ireland’s target is to achieve 16% by 2020 under EU Directive 2009/28/EC.
• In absolute terms the total use of renewables more than trebled between 2003 and 2012 (15% annual average growth) to 838 ktoe, largely due to the increasing contribution from wind energy.
• Renewable electricity contributed 4.1% to the overall energy demand in 2012. Renewable transport energy contributed 0.8% and renewable heat contribution was 2.1%.
• Of the 838 ktoe of renewables used in 2012, most was from wind energy (41%). Renewable electricity was responsible for 63% of the total renewable contribution. Biofuels contributed 10% and renewable heat contributed 28%.
• There was a 0.6% increase in the renewable energy contribution in 2012.
• In absolute terms, the contribution by renewable energy to meeting Ireland’s energy needs grew by a factor of five between 1990 and 2012.
• Renewable energy accounted for 58% of indigenous energy production in 2012.
Renewable Electricity (RES-E)
• The share of electricity generated from renewable energy sources (RES-E) has increased fourfold between 1990 and 2012, from 4.9% to 19.6%.
• Wind energy (normalised) accounted for over 15.3% of all electricity generation in 2012, hydro (normalised) accounted for 2.7% and the remaining 1.6% was from bioenergy sources (mainly biomass co-firing and landfill gas).
• Wind power installed generating capacity reached 1,763 MW in 2012.
Renewable Heat Energy (RES-H)
• Renewable heat (RES-H) accounted for 5.2% of all thermal energy in 2012.
• RES-H grew from 2.6% in 1990 to 4.4% in 2010. However 2010 was an exceptionally cold year. In 2011 RES-H reached 5%. Industrial biomass energy use (mostly in the wood, food and cement sectors) accounted for 66% of all thermal renewable energy used in 2012, which corresponds to 3.4% of all thermal energy use in Ireland.
• Industrial biomass energy use increased by 167% (6% average annual growth) between 1990 and 2006. There was a fall of 17% in industrial biomass use between 2006 and 2009. Since then there has been an increase of 10%, with use growing by 2.5% in 2012.
• Residential renewable energy use grew by 18% between 1990 and 2012 (0.8% average annual growth).
Renewable Transport Energy (RES-T)
• Renewable transport energy (biofuels) accounted for 3.8% of road and rail transport (RES-T) in 2012, when calculated according to the definition in EU Directive 2009/28/EC.
• The Government target of 3% RES-T by 2010 was not reached, but the 2010 target was exceeded in 2011.
• The dominant biofuel is biodiesel, representing 61% of biofuel usage in 2012, followed by bioethanol (38%) and pure plant oil (0.5%).
• Indigenous production accounted for 21% of biofuels used or stockpiled in 2012, compared to a peak of 55% in 2007.
Avoided Fuel Imports and CO2 Emissions
• In 2012 displacement of fossil fuel by renewable energy for electricity generation resulted in an avoidance of between €250 million and €280 million in fossil fuel imports.
• CO2 avoided through renewable energy use in all sectors totalled 3.2 Mt CO2 in 2012, with wind energy accounting for 61% of this saving.
Developing renewable energy is an integral part of Ireland’s sustainable energy objectives and climate change strategy. Renewable energy contributes to meeting all three energy policy goals, namely: energy security, cost competitiveness and protection of the environment through the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With lower or no net emissions from renewable energy sources compared to fossil fuels, renewable energy sources contribute to the decarbonisation of energy supply and reduction in GHG emissions. They also contribute to energy security, being, for the most part, indigenous energy sources. In a period of increasing and volatile energy costs renewables can also contribute to cost competitiveness by reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels and hedging against further fossil fuel price volatility. There is the potential in the case of some renewable sources for Ireland to become a net exporter of renewable energy and technology.
Further to the European Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC, Ireland’s National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) sets a mandatory target of 16% renewables, comprising 40%, 12% and 10% contributions to electricity, heat and transport respectively. It also sets a national target of 500 MW of ocean energy capacity by 2020.
This report examines the contribution made by renewables to Ireland’s energy requirements for the period 1990 to 2012, with a particular focus on production data in 2012. Installed capacity data are available for 2012 and early 2013. This is the sixth in an ongoing series of renewable energy reports and follows the Renewable Energy in Ireland 2011 Report1. This report also contains data in relation to energy from waste, drawing on the submission to the IEA/Eurostat annual survey on renewables and waste and the growing contribution of wastes to Ireland’s energy supply. The energy from wastes currently used in Ireland (landfill gas, sewage sludge gas, wood wastes, tallow, meat and bone meal and waste oils used for biodiesel) are all classified as renewable sources of energy. Energy from municipal waste, low carbon fuels, tyre derived waste and solid recovered fuel are considered to be partially renewable.
The report discusses the progress towards national and EU renewable targets and provides an overview of the status of all renewables currently used in Ireland. In particular the actual renewable energy used in 2012 is compared to the national targets.
The report is structured as follows:
• Section 2 summarises salient policy measures pertaining to renewable energy in Ireland.
• Section 3 explains the methodologies used to calculate progress towards national and international renewable energy targets.
• Section 4 provides the context for renewable energy deployment, examining the recent trends in primary energy usage.
• Sections 5 to 8 analyse the progress towards the various renewable energy targets.
• Section 9 estimates the extent of avoided carbon dioxide emissions arising from the use of renewables.
• Finally, section 10 looks at the future of renewable energy in Ireland through energy forecasts and the National Renewable Energy Action Plan.
The national energy balance data presented in this report are the most up-to-date at the time of writing. Balance data are updated whenever more accurate information is known. The most up-to-date balance figures are available in the statistics publications section of the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland’s website. An energy data service is available at http://www.seai.ie/statistics; follow the links for Energy Statistics Databank. This service is hosted by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) with data provided by SEAI. The 2012 national energy balance data used were published on 8th October 2013.
The Future of Renewables in Ireland
In order to inform policy formulation, the SEAI Energy Modelling Group (EMG), in conjunction with ESRI, produced forecasts which examine energy usage scenarios for 2020. Three sets of forecast scenarios were prepared in 2012.
The first, the Baseline scenario, is not intended to represent a realistic outcome, but is useful in presenting a base case against which other forecasts may be compared. The second, the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) and National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) scenario, builds on the Baseline forecast, with additional assumptions introduced to incorporate the details published in both the NEEAP and NREAP. The third scenario, Risk, looks at alternative outcomes in 2020 when some of the key assumptions in the forecasts are changed.
Forecasts for Renewable Electricity (RES-E)
The national 2020 target for RES-E is 40% of gross electricity consumption. Forecasts estimate an overall electricity demand of 31,104 GWh in 2020 according to the NEEAP/NREAP scenario. To reach 40%, equating to 11,193 GWh of renewable electricity in 2020, an average annual growth rate of 7.2% is required. Renewable electricity had an average growth rate of over 19% per annum between 2010 and 2012.
Assuming an installed capacity of 25 MW for ocean energy, 285 MW for biomass and 234 MW for hydro energy by 2020, an installed wind energy capacity of 3,628 MW would be required in order to achieve the 2020 RES-E target, requiring an average annual growth rate of 10.3% per annum. The increase in wind capacity has been approximately 20% per annum since 2005. The 40% RES-E target requires 4,172 MWe of installed renewable energy capacity, more than double the current capacity.
Forecasts for Renewable Energy in Transport (RES-T)
The transport demand in 2020 under the NEEAP/ NREAP scenario is projected to be 5,380 ktoe (46% of the projected total final demand). The target for 2020 is to achieve a 10% contribution of road and rail transport. Projected demand from road and rail transport is estimated to be 4,499 ktoe. A mixture of biofuels and a renewable electricity contribution from electric vehicles is projected to meet the renewable requirements for RES-T.
It is projected that the target of 10% electric vehicles share of the vehicle stock by 2020 will contribute 33 ktoe of renewable electricity towards the 10% RES-T target in 2020. It is also projected that the balance of renewable contribution (406 ktoe) to RES-T will come from biofuels.
If all of the biofuels are produced from wastes, residues, non-food cellulosic material and ligno-cellulosic material, then the contribution can be doubled. This would require only 203 ktoe to come from biofuels. However, as the multiplication factor cannot be applied for the overall target, the overall renewable share of gross final consumption may not be met in that case.
Forecasts for Renewable Thermal Energy (RES-H)
Forecasts to 2020 estimate a total thermal consumption of 3,762 ktoe in 2020 in the NEEAP/NREAP scenario, requiring 457 ktoe of renewable energy in order to meet the RES-H target of 12% by 2020. This corresponds to an average annual growth rate of 8.9% over the period 2012 to 2020, against the background of growth at 3.4% per annum on average between 1990 and 2010 and 2.9% between 2010 and 2012. This indicates the scale of the challenge in the thermal energy sector to meet the renewables target.
Overall Renewable Energy Forecasts to 2020
Figure 25 presents the 2012 forecast of the renewable energy contribution to GFC48 (according to the definitions in the Directive) for the NEEAP/NREAP scenario, indicating separately the contribution to electricity (RES-E), transport (RES-T) and thermal energy (RES-H).
As part of Ireland’s NREAP, the least-cost trajectory toward achieving overall renewable energy targets which will be achieved from indigenous resources needs to be identified. Energy efficiency savings are accounted for within the forecasts. Since the renewable energy targets are expressed as percentages of energy consumption, any decrease in energy efficiency savings, or increase in energy demand due to other factors, will increase the amount of renewable energy production required to meet the renewable energy targets.
The combined effect of the three modal targets, coupled with Ireland’s energy efficiency targets, are projected (according to the 2012 Energy Forecasts for Ireland to 202049) to deliver a 16% renewable energy contribution to GFC, i.e. to deliver the proposed EU Directive target for Ireland, as detailed in Table 15.
|
<urn:uuid:1eeaf6f4-25e0-41f5-9dea-2612e8e22075>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://newenergynews.blogspot.com/2014/03/todays-study-irelands-new-energy-plans_17.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319575.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622135404-20170622155404-00570.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.922982
| 2,554
| 2.671875
| 3
|
Virtual colonoscopy is a test conducted to detect cancer of the large intestine. This test also needs the same pre-test bowel preparation as colonoscopy. However, during virtual colonoscopy a person does not require sedation or a scope to the colon.
In virtual colonoscopy, a CT scan is used to produce numerous cross-sectional images of the abdominal organs. The images are then combined to examine the inside of the colon and rectum.
Virtual colonoscopy is used to detect colon cancer in people who are 50 years of age and are at an average risk of the disease. Many studies have shown that virtual colonoscopy has detection rates similar to colonoscopy for cancer and most types of polyps.
Virtual colonoscopy is also used for testing the enlargement of major blood vessels in the abdomen.
Before the virtual colonoscopy the person is asked to empty the colon because if there is anything inside the colon, it can obstruct the images taken during the examination.
To clear the colon, the doctor may instruct you to do the following things:
Special diet before the exam: The person will be asked to skip meals on that day. Consumption of liquids may be made limited for the day. Your diet may be made restricted till midnight.
Taking a laxative the night before test: you may be asked to use suppository to clean the residue from the colon.
Take medication to find stool in the colon: this medication will help the doctor to differentiate between colon and stool residue.
Image courtesy: Getty Images
Read more on Virtual Colonoscopy.
Though all possible measures have been taken to ensure accuracy, reliability, timeliness and authenticity of the information; Onlymyhealth assumes no liability for the same. Using any information of this website is at the viewers’ risk. Please be informed that we are not responsible for advice/tips given by any third party in form of comments on article pages . If you have or suspect having any medical condition, kindly contact your professional health care provider.
|
<urn:uuid:0fa8d259-5df6-418a-9ace-4bde54cebd1e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.onlymyhealth.com/what-preparation-required-before-virtual-colonoscopy-12977605113
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319575.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622135404-20170622155404-00570.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933217
| 414
| 2.609375
| 3
|
Shifting from a paper-based world to a primarily digital world in which all students and teachers have access to a personal computing device and the internet at any time is defined as Digital Conversion. This change in schools would support today’s technological demands of 21st century learning. It would affect instruction, pedagogy, professional development, student and teacher motivation, the relationship between teacher and student, and the way information is learned. In August of this year May Valley Elementary School in the Floyd County School District celebrated the launch of its new launch Digital Conversion Program in which Dell Latitude Education Series laptop computers were given to all 5th and 9th grade students, teachers and staff members. Next year more computers will be rolled out to students as the school continues it shift towards Digital Conversion. Prior to students receiving a laptop, parents signed waivers to ensure their children would properly care for the device, and students took an oath and pledging to be “good digital citizens”. With the progression of time it is of great hope to see students accessing an equitable, effective digital learning environment within their school day in order to foster skills needed to be globally competitive adults.
|
<urn:uuid:9fb2189d-c9a2-43d8-8a26-98d67bdf7184>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://debraboeve.wordpress.com/digital-conversion/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319575.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622135404-20170622155404-00570.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96966
| 233
| 3.203125
| 3
|
Common people in Pakistan are often unaware of science behind the occurrence of extreme weather events such as heavy floods or heat waves. In developed nations, where people now demand from their governments to take action on global warming, our people in Pakistan usually consider such extreme events as their fate, rather than the impacts of climate change. Interestingly, after the two massive flooding in less than one year in Pakistan, thinking of people in Pakistan is now changing. Their thoughts are now going beyond the belief that this is not only their fate or anger of God. Global warming is the word which is getting common in our discussions. However, it is very important that a common person fully understand what global warming is and how can we find solutions to fight with its impacts. It is also important to educate our people, particularly women, on global warming science and its solution as we are among most vulnerable nations in the world who are suffering from the climate catastrophes even more than before.
Our earth is surrounded by layers of different greenhouse gases, which we call atmosphere. The molecules of greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide have the ability to trap heat which comes from sun. As our sun is the main source of energy, most of its heat is absorb by our earth. The heat waves reflected by earth are then trapped by the molecule of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This natural system in fact helps maintaining sufficient amount of heat on earth which is required for survival of life. However, due to increase in human activities on earth like burning of fossil fuel, industrialization, transportation and deforestation, we are now producing more greenhouse gases and emitting them into atmosphere. With more concentration of greenhouse gases into atmosphere, the ability of trapping heat by atmosphere has increased, particularly after the industrial revolution which is resulting into increase in temperature of our earth. This human induced change in earth temperature is called global warming which continues to change our climate abnormally e.g. increase in earth’ average temperature, increase in number of precipitation days or decrease in average rainfall.
According to scientists, safe limit for concentration of greenhouse gases in atmosphere is 350 parts per million (ppm), however due to the factors like rapid industrialization, massive deforestation etc, this concentration has already reached to the level of 390 ppm. Scientists also believe that it is important to keep the concentration of greenhouse gases at 350 ppm to avert the chances of increase in average global temperature above 2 degree Celsius. However the way, our world is emitting greenhouse gases like CO2, scientists carefully forecast that earth temperature may go beyond 4 degree Celsius which will dramatically change our earth eco-system and increase both the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events like the Pakistan floods in 2010 and 2011 or the heat wave of Russia in 2010. Due to global warming, our oceans are getting warmer and have in fact, increased the process of forming water vapors over oceans. Science proves that warmer air can hold more water vapors. Thus more concentration of water vapors over oceans are now resulting into heavy downpours and flooding in different parts of the world. Increase in temperature also result into heat waves and wind storms.
In Northern Pakistan, our precious glaciers resources are rapidly melting due to global warming. Not only this but also global warming has increased sea level and swept away number of villages in our coastal areas of Sindh and Baluchistan. Scientists also believe that the human induced climate change is shifting our monsoon season, which in fact give us nearly 60% of rain water. We are clearly observing that rains are either not on time or they happens all at once and create flash floods like we faced in 2010 and 2011 floods. We also observe that winter days are now getting shorter and summer days are getting longer. It is not good to know either that, according to scientists, Pakistan will face severe water shortage and decrease in crops production in coming 30 years due to global warming. It means we have to get ready for the big challenge of food insecurity in coming decades. Heat waves and flooding have also increased different water and other environment related diseases.
Pakistan has although very negligible contribution in global environmental pollution, still we are among the most vulnerable countries impacted by global warming. It is although a global issue however, for us it is important that need for effective advocacy by our government in different international forums, particularly in the forthcoming UN conference in Durban, South Africa, we start exploring ranges of local and regional level solutions to fight global warming. Here are some of the solutions we can adopt in our rural and urban communities in Pakistan;
First important step is to save every drop of water. We can use innovative water conservation methods. One of the ways is roof water harvesting to collect rainwater rather than wasting them without any use. People can construct rainwater ponds easily to store rainwater. Similarly, by repairing water taps and joints, we can save lot of water from leakage. People using washrooms, particularly in cities, can save good quantity of water by a simple behavioral change i.e. using water pans rather than showers. Adjusting toilet flush with a simple flush water reducer can also help protect water from wastage.
We should educate our people to plant trees in all possible free land or space in and around homes, schools and our fields. Due to massive deforestation, we faced more catastrophes during the 2010 flooding. We have less than 5% forest cover in Pakistan and our forest depletion is top in the entire world. Planting trees can help in many ways like protection from floods and landslides, improve air quality, provide shades to protect from heat and improve underground water table. In addition to planting trees, we can avoid using different chemicals and use organic fertilizers to improve our lands fertility and increase food production. We can grow fruit plants and vegetables along with seasonal crops. Using different techniques like construction of check dams, gabion walls and planting trees can protect our agricultural land from erosion. We can learn and encourage multi-cropping techniques and promote ideas like floating gardens in flood affected areas to cope with extremes weathers and improve livelihoods.
Using different alternate and renewable energy resources, we will not only contribute in achieving clean energy targets but also help in overcoming issues like electricity crisis or dependency on forests for fuel and heating. Community based micro-hydal power plants, fuel efficient stoves, wind farms and solar energy are number of good options available for us in Pakistan.
We can promote eco-friendly and safe constructions. We should avoid construction in locations exposed to flooding or landslide and construct in a way which can maximum use daylight instead of electricity. Roofs with white coated sheets can help in reducing heat inside home during hot summer. We can also reduce our electricity bills at home or work by number of simple ways, particularly in cities. Use air-conditions as less as possible. By keeping AC unit at north side of home, people can protect it from direct sunlight, along with plants trees and shrubs around AC unit to keep it cool. Keep thermostat at 26 degree C. Open drapes, curtains and blinds open at evening time to escape heat from home. Use daylight during work and wear weather appropriate dresses rather than using air conditioners or heaters. Turn off electric appliances when they are not in use. Use fans in room and exhaust fans in kitchen to escape hot air. Equipments on standby still use 90% of energy. Turn off unnecessary lights and use energy savers.
We can also promote simple practices like buying items in large size packing rather than small packs. Before buying or using anything, first think do you really need it. Avoid plastic bags and encourage reusable canvas bags for shopping. Use kitchen waste for compost making and separately keep different waste items likes plastic, papers and iron waste to make it easy for recycling rather than throwing them off. Use recycled papers which use half the water than the new paper. Explore and contact recycling companies and send old/used equipments to recycle. Make less use of papers, be online or print on double side. Print drafts on scrap papers. Be creative in using old things for household use e.g. use plastic cans for food storage or roof gardening. We can also contribute in clean environment by using public transport or even bicycle rather than running cars. If cars are necessary to use then make sure car are fuel efficient by their proper tuning.
|
<urn:uuid:8e2934f9-ce56-4a48-bdde-3eadf9b75e34>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://asifoghi.blogspot.com/2011/11/educating-common-people-in-pakistan-on.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320057.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623114917-20170623134917-00010.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951011
| 1,678
| 3.34375
| 3
|
When I heard his words, and saw with my own eyes what passed between these two wretches, the world waxed dark before my face and my soul knew not in what place it was.
—Burton, The Arabian Nights
No soul whatever seemed to be present in that body, or if he did have a soul it was not where it ought to be, but, as in the case of Kashchey the Deathless [a ghoulish character in Russian folklore] it dwelled somewhere beyond the mountains and was hidden under such a thick crust, that anything that might have stirred in its depths could produce no tremor whatever on the surface.
—Nabokov, Nikolai Gogol
Much of the time the soul is indistinguishable from breath, as with blessing the sneeze. We don’t bless the snot so much as the air that propels it, and perhaps the snot globules tumbling through the whirlwind of the trumpeting sneeze may be compared to the flesh of the body caught up in the uproar of the soul.
Descartes in his Passions of the Soul and The Description of the Human Body suggested that the body works like a machine, that it has the material properties of extension and motion, and that it follows the laws of physics. The mind (or soul), on the other hand, was described as a nonmaterial entity that lacks extension and motion, and does not follow the laws of physics. Descartes argued that only humans have minds, and that the mind interacts with the body at the pineal gland.
|
<urn:uuid:09eb73a1-ac7c-449a-b309-206d3820de46>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://hiddenconnections.wordpress.com/2009/09/14/location-of-the-soul/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320057.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623114917-20170623134917-00010.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965002
| 326
| 2.609375
| 3
|
BACKGROUND: The allocation of research resources should favor conditions responsible for the greatest disease burden. This is particularly important in pediatric populations, which have been underrepresented in clinical research. Our aim was to measure the association between the focus of pediatric clinical trials and burden of disease and to identify neglected clinical domains.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of clinical trials by using trial records in ClinicalTrials.gov. All trials started in 2006 or after and studying patient-level interventions in pediatric populations were included. Age-specific measures of disease burden were obtained for 21 separate conditions for high-, middle-, and low-income countries. We measured the correlation between number of pediatric clinical trials and disease burden for each condition.
RESULTS: Neuropsychiatric conditions and infectious diseases were the most studied conditions globally in terms of number of trials (874 and 847 trials, respectively), while intentional injuries (5 trials) and maternal conditions (4 trials) were the least studied. Clinical trials were only moderately correlated with global disease burden (r = 0.58, P = .006). Correlations were also moderate within each of the country income levels, but lowest in low-income countries (r = .47, P = .03). Globally, the conditions most understudied relative to disease burden were injuries (–260 trials for unintentional injuries and –160 trials for intentional injuries), nutritional deficiencies (–175 trials), and respiratory infections (–171 trials).
CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric clinical trial activity is only moderately associated with pediatric burden of disease, and least associated in low-income countries. The mismatch between clinical trials and disease burden identifies key clinical areas for focus and investment.
- DALY —
- disability-adjusted life-year
- RCT —
- randomized controlled trial
- WHO —
- World Health Organization
- Accepted October 19, 2013.
- Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
|
<urn:uuid:bcd6e5f7-b38a-4e7a-a2e0-7d6681b0d1ae>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/12/10/peds.2013-2567
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320386.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625013851-20170625033851-00171.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96495
| 392
| 2.765625
| 3
|
In all human languages, speakers can choose to speak quickly (in Dieri nhurru-nhurru yathayi) or to speak slowly (in Dieri marnka yathayi). Typically, in ordinary conversation with other people who also speak the same language as us we use a quicker more colloquial style, and when talking to others who can’t understand well, or to emphasise something, we can speak more slowly. Dieri speakers can do the same thing, and in a previous blog post we presented some examples of this from Luise Hercus’ recordings of the late Alec Edwards.
In today’s post we focus on some of the common features of Dieri fast speech.
- We saw in a previous blog post that Dieri uses auxiliary verbs to express locations in time when an action or event takes place. Here are the forms discussed earlier:
Verb Auxiliary Function waparna wanthiyi ‘went long ago’ — a situation that took place a long time ago waparna wapaya ‘went a while ago’ — a situation that took place some time ago, perhaps one or two months ago waparna wapayi ‘always goes’ — a situation that habitually takes place waparna parraya ‘went a couple of weeks ago’ — a situation that took place one or two weeks ago wapalha wirriyi ‘went yesterday’ — a situation that took place yesterday waparna warayi ‘went earlier’ — a situation that took place earlier today wapalha nganayi ‘will go’ — a situation that will take place later
In fast speech the auxiliary verbs get mashed onto the end of the main verb. Here are two examples — the first one involves the future auxiliary nganayi and comes from Alec Edwards (recorded by Luise Hercus). Listen to this recording of the sentence nganhi yathalha nganayi thanangu ‘I will speak to them’:
Notice that yathalha ‘speak’ and nganayi ‘will’ sound squashed together. This is clear when Alec repeats the sentence slowly:
The second example involves the distant past auxiliary wanthiyi and comes from a recording of Aunty Winnie Naylon made by Greg Wilson. Listen to this recording of the sentence nhani pirkirna wanthiyi tyaputyapu schoolanhi ‘She played ball long ago at school’:
So pirki-rna wanthiyi sounds like pirkirnanthiyi. A similar effect occurs with the recent past auxiliary warayi so that in fast speech pirki-rna warayi ‘played recently’ sounds like pirkirnaurayi. Here is another example that Greg Wilson recorded with Aunty Rene of her saying yini wakararna warayi pinarru ‘You just came old man’. Notice that wakararna warayi gets run together:
Interestingly, the policeman Samuel Gason published a book in 1874 called “THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE DIEYERIE TRIBE OF AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES” (a reproduction of the book can be seen on this website). It includes some Dieri words and expressions and, interestingly, he recorded the fast conversational forms of verbs and did not write down the slower clearer forms. So his materials include:
- “I shall love — Athooyoralauni” for ngathu yuralha nganayi
- “I did or have loved — Athooyooranaori” for ngathu yurarna warayi
- “Has asked — Achanaori” for ngantyarna warayi
Notice that Gason’s spelling is not very accurate and he seems not to have heard the sound ng at the beginning of Dieri words!
- The sequence ngathu ‘I’ (transitive subject) followed by yinha ‘you’ (transitive object) is often squashed together so instead of ngathu yinha nhayiyi ‘I see you’ in fast speech we would say something that sounds like ngathinha nhayiyi
In a future blog post we will present some stories recorded with speakers in the 1970s that clearly show these fast speech conversational features.
|
<urn:uuid:400d3b94-5ce5-445c-a063-d6c03b47a88c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://dieriyawarra.wordpress.com/2013/10/27/thana-dieri-yawarra-yathayi-nhurru-nhurru/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320386.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625013851-20170625033851-00171.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932983
| 957
| 3.46875
| 3
|
The major socio-political changes of the last decades have led to changing ways of being national, changes in the content of national identity if not in the national categories themselves.
This comparative social scientific volume takes examples of transitions to democracy (East Europe, Spain) to peace (South Africa, Israel, Northern Ireland) and to territorial decentralization (the United Kingdom, France, Spain), showing in each case how socio-political change and identity change have interlocked. It defines a typology of national identity shift, tracing the changing state forms which provoke national identity shift, and analyzing the process of identity change, its motivations and legitimations. Collecting together a wide range of examples, from South Africa to the Czech Republic from the Basque Country to the Mexican and Irish borders; the book brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars, from world figures in the study of globalization and social identity to young researchers, to provide a much needed theoretical clarification and empirical evidence of types of national identity shift.
Introduction. Concepts and Theories.Fluid or Frozen? Choice and Change in Ethno-National Identification in Contemporary Northern Ireland. The Social Map: Cohesion, Conflict and National Identity. The Increasing Monopolization of Identity by the State: The Case of the UK and the US. When Politics and Social Theory Converge: Group Identification and Group Rights in Northern Ireland. The Role of the State. After 1989, Who are the Czechs?Subjective National Identities in Catalonia. 'Dollar Diplomacy': Globalization, Identity Change and Peace in Israel. Economic Integration and National Identity in Mexico. Majority-Minority Conflicts and their Resolution: Protestant Minorities in France and in Ireland. Processes and Experiences of National Identity Change.Basque Militant Youths in France: New Experiences of Ethnonational Identity in the European Context. Race, Religion and Identity in South Africa: A Case Study of a Charismatic Congregation. Being English in North Wales: Immigration and the Immigrant Experience. Religion, Ethnicity and Group Identity: Irish Adolescent Views. Generations on the Border: Changes in Ethno-National Identity in the Irish Border Area.
This series draws attention to some of the most exciting issues in current world political debate: nation-building, autonomy and self-determination; ethnic identity, conflict and accommodation; pluralism, multiculturalism and the politics of language; ethnonationalism, irredentism and separatism; and immigration, naturalization and citizenship. The series includes monographs as well as edited volumes, and through the use of case studies and comparative analyses will bring together some of the best work to be found in the field.
|
<urn:uuid:fcb3c70f-b9af-4cc2-a016-61c19ff8002a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.routledge.com/Political-Transformation-and-National-Identity-Change-Comparative-Perspectives/Todd-Canas-Bottos-Rougier/p/book/9780415440141
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320582.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625203122-20170625223122-00251.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.873378
| 541
| 2.578125
| 3
|
Presentation on theme: "How did British people celebrate Empire Day?. Empire Day was a day of national celebration for Britain and her colonies. It took place on the 24th May."— Presentation transcript:
Empire Day was a day of national celebration for Britain and her colonies. It took place on the 24th May every year between 1904 and 1958. The Empire Movement was spearheaded by the Earl of Meath who became a close personal friend of Baden- Powell leader of the scout movement.
Consider the four watchwords of the Empire Movement from the poster above and discuss their relevance for the early Twentieth century and today.
Study the 15 points for British citizens to observe in the poster above and discuss which you consider are still relevant to society today.
Empire Day was usually celebrated by patriotic gatherings, public luncheons, church services and special ceremonies in all state schools in the Commonwealth. The photograph above shows crowds gathered in the Market Place, Romsey, to listen to speeches about civic duty the Empire. Discuss what types of public gatherings take place today and if they are made up of people from any particular social class. Does the photograph above reveal anything about the make-up of this crowd?
This photograph shows a typical Empire Day scene around 1910 of people wearing patriotic outfits and carrying flags. Discuss in what situations today people would be seen either carrying flags or wearing clothing designed from flags such as the Union Flag, St George’s, St Andrew’s, St David’s or St Patrick’s. What do these flags symbolise for people today compared with the early part of the last century? Discuss what you think it meant in the past and today be ‘patriotic’.
|
<urn:uuid:c18195fa-f111-4c30-87a5-563d9e64afdd>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://slideplayer.com/slide/2552085/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320823.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626152050-20170626172050-00331.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961209
| 354
| 3.984375
| 4
|
The National Trust’s controversial plan to breed new ancient manor houses for future generations has come under fire, following a failed attempt to mate the Somerset-based Elizabethan manor Montacute House with the ruins of Corfe Castle in Dorset. Critics regard the programme as expensive and misguided.
‘How the trust thought any good would come of this is beyond me,’ thundered Nigel Cockbain of the pressure group Save Historic Houses from Inbreeding (SHHI). ‘And even if these two mismatched properties had somehow succeeded in getting it together, what would their offspring have looked like? I didn’t pay my £68 family membership fee for this.’
Rebecca Gidman, director of livestock policy for the National Trust, told reporters that after an unsuccesful night of foraging around the keep at Corfe, Montacute House will be put on rollers and transported home tonight. ‘Getting old buildings to copulate with each other is a tricky business,’ she admitted. ‘We’ll try again.’
The house breeding progamme calls for mansions to be cross-bred in the South-West, where they are super-abundant, and their offspring released into the wilds of East Anglia, where they are endangered. The Trust argues this is necessary because its houses are simply not reproducing in sustainable numbers.
‘Our stately homes have enough trouble breeding in the wild thanks to invasions by grey homes from Eastern Europe, brown flat pack varieties from Scandanavia and timber-framed US styles,’ argued Gidman. ‘At present replacement rates, we will completely run out of places to sell tea towels and pots of marmalade by 2050.’
Next this summer, St Michael’s Mount is to be floated up the Bristol Channel to breed with Dyrham Park in Gloucestershire so as to create a new line of Queen Anne country homes with medieval chapels on top. Cockbain, however, is sceptical. ‘Everybody knows Mikey-boy is gay. Why do you think he hangs around the coast all the time dressed flamboyantly and facing his French namesake, who even looks exactly the same? Duh.’
|
<urn:uuid:4aef4f8c-8a90-435e-939a-be9647e9894a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.newsbiscuit.com/2011/07/03/anger-as-national-trust-house-breeding-plans-end-in-fiasco/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320823.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626152050-20170626172050-00331.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948428
| 477
| 2.578125
| 3
|
It goes without saying that severe depression is a serious condition that should be treated by a trained professional. While this may seem obvious to a person not in the throes of depression, for a person struggling with severe depression making this decision may not be all that clear. Regrettably, more than half of the people who need help for depression don’t seek help. In one large study conducted in the United States only about 4 out of 10 people sought help within the first year of their depressed state. Perhaps even more unsettling is on average people struggling with depression tended to wait 8 years before finally seeking treatment.
Basic depression is problem best described as an overly sad mood that lasts for along period of time and a lack of pleasure in doing things that usually make you happy. Someone who is depressed likely will experience sleep irregularities, fatigue, weight fluctuations, problems with concentration and feelings or nervousness and agitation. While those experiencing severe depression likely have many of the same symptoms as those with mild to moderate depression they tend to be much more severe and evolve into a sometimes scary and often dangerous problem that must be treated by a skilled professional immediately.
In very severe cases, depressed people develop psychotic symptoms, such as hearing voices that tell them to kill themselves or others. This advanced form of depression impedes ones ability to hold a job, maintain a healthy relationship, or be a productive student. Depression may also alternate with periods of high euphoria and energy (mania); in this case, the disease is Bipolar Disorder. The most serious complication of sever depression is without a doubt suicide.
It is worth repeating that severe depression must be taken seriously and medical attention should be a top priority if any of the following symptoms are present:
*Suicidal or homicidal thoughts
*Psychotic symptoms, such as hearing voices, delusions, or hallucinations
*Extreme lethargy or fatigue that affects ones ability to complete simple tasks, such as eating, getting out of bed, or showering.
While antidepressant are normally the treatment of choice for most cases of depression, for those suffering with severe chronic depression, that does not respond to medication, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used. This procedure consists of inducing a seizure by running a small electrical current through the brain. ECT has shown to be only a temporary fix with a high rate of recurrence.
In the end there are not easy answers. For this reason many people are considering natural remedies for depression as a tool in their arsenal of depression fighting solutions. Herbal remedies for depression are safe and free from the side effects that are so prevalent with many well known antidepressant medications. As always check with your doctor to make sure that natural remedies are compatible with any prescription medications you are already taking.
|
<urn:uuid:a3dfa3cb-5403-4b6d-856a-a19faeddf7b4>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://cybermark-solutions.com/2016/02/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321309.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627101436-20170627121436-00411.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956238
| 553
| 2.890625
| 3
|
- Kidney 91,867
- Liver 16,696
- Pancreas 1,449
- Kidney-Pancreas 2,278
- Heart 3,159
- Lung 1,821
- Heart/Lung 78
- Intestine 255
- Total Registrations: 117,603
From BusinessDay, Nigeria
Statistics from medical experts have revealed that more people die every day from kidney-related diseases than malaria and HIV/AIDS in the country. The main function of the kidney is to remove waste products and excess water from the blood. It allows consumption of a variety of foods, drugs, vitamins, supplements, additives, and excess fluids without worry that toxic by-products will build up to harmful levels.
The kidney also plays a major role in regulating levels of various minerals such as calcium, sodium, and potassium in the blood. However, in Nigeria, it is well known that Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is under-recognised and diagnosed. It is of note that healthy kidneys clean the blood by filtering out extra water and wastes, make hormones that keep the bones strong and blood healthy. When both kidneys fail, the body holds fluid and blood pressure rises. Harmful wastes build up in the body, not enough red blood cells are produced leading to fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite.
In fact, chronic kidney disease is a problem of enormous magnitude, and its prevalence is on the increase. Currently, CKD is a worldwide public health problem. The World Health Report 2002 and Global Burden of Disease project reports show that diseases of the kidney and urinary tract are responsible for approximately 850,000 deaths every year and 15 million disability-adjusted lives. Globally, they represent the 12th cause of death and 17th cause of disability.
Ebun Bamgboye of St. Nicholas Hospital Lagos, stated in his speech at an international symposium on chronic kidney disease and renal transplantation, organised by the hospital recently, that more than 5 percent of the adult population have some form of kidney damage, and that every year, millions of people die prematurely of cardiovascular diseases linked to CKD.
Therefore, the burden of CKD on the society needs proper attention to enable government and non-governmental organisations nip it in the bud. The availability of dialysis and kidney transplant facilities in the country is minimal, as access to it and transplant programmes in Africa is dependent on the availability of funding and donors with majority of those with CKD dying because of lack of fund as very few can afford regular dialysis or transplant.
To this effect, MTN Foundation (MTNF) has decided to do something about this ailment that is claiming the lives of many, especially the less-privileged in society. MTN Nigeria through its Foundation established in 2004, has set out to support the health system by providing haemodialysis medical equipment to, at least, 11 hospitals across the six geo-political zones of the country.
This initiative has received applause from the public because it has created avenues through which citizens of the country can access therapeutic dialysis against the scourge of renal failure. Sufferers within and around General Hospital, Alimosho, Lagos State; Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State; Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Benue State; Federal Medical Centre, Yola, Adamawa State; Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State; General Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State; General Hospital, Yauri, Kebbi State; Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, will easily receive treatment.
Also recently, University Teaching Hospital Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti got its haemodialysis centre commissioned. The facility, which consists of two Fresenius haemodialysis machines, two electronically-powered dialysis chairs, water treatment unit and pre-treatment unit, borehole water facility, two back-up power (3KVA UPS), 2.2 KVA UPS for water treatment unit, 1.5KVA UPS for water pre-treatment unit, 27KVA power generator and four air conditioners was inaugurated so that sufferers within the state and its surroundings can get cheaper treatment than that offered in private hospitals.
Experts are of the view that early detection can help in the management of these afflictions and reduce mortality. When a person is diagnosed with CKD, the treatment can be through transplant of a healthy kidney from a compatible donor through surgery or use of drugs called ‘immunosuppressant’s’ to subdue the recipients’ immunity from fighting the ‘foreign body.’ This is not done in Nigeria at present and it is very expensive, costing about N2 million apart from travel expenses. The other alternative is to undergo dialysis through the haemodialysis equipment, at least, three times a week. Here, the person’s blood is drawn into a machine, filtered and returned back. It takes time, as the person has to sit for three to four hours.
“You Have the Power to Save Lives – Register to be an organ and tissue donor & Tell Your Loved Ones of Your Decision”
Register to be a donor in Ontario at Trillium Gift of Life Network NEW for Ontario: recycleMe.org - Learn The Ins & Outs Of Organ And Tissue Donation. Register Today! For other Canadian provinces click here
In the United States, be sure to find out how to register in your state at ShareYourLife.org or Download Donor Cards from OrganDonor.Gov
In Great Britain, register at NHS Organ Donor Register
In Australia, register at Australian Organ Donor Register
Your generosity can save or enhance the lives of up to fifty people with heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas and small intestine transplants (see allotransplantation). One tissue donor can help by donating skin, corneas, bone, tendon, ligaments and heart valves
Has your life been saved by an organ transplant? "Pay it forward" and help spread the word about the need for organ donation - In the U.S. another person is added to the national transplant waiting list every 11 minutes and 18 people die each day waiting for an organ or tissue transplant. Organs can save lives, corneas renew vision, and tissue may help to restore someone's ability to walk, run or move freely without pain. Life Begins with You
|
<urn:uuid:68f9a057-bb92-4bbf-8935-7895fefe144f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://mervsheppard.blogspot.com/2010/10/kidney-disease-under-diagnosed.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319688.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622181155-20170622201155-00210.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937711
| 1,332
| 3.109375
| 3
|
George Ellery Hale as the Mt. Wilson Solar Observatory. Often overlooked, Hale was a major figure in 20th Century science. The photo above is a bust of Hale that was in the observing room for the 150-foot Solar Tower telescope. As a comparison, here's the bronze bust of Hale that resides in the dome of the 200" Hale Telescope at Palomar:
Hale looks happier at Mt. Wilson, wouldn't you agree?
great webcam on the tower, which you should look at to take in the great view from the mountain. There are two other, older solar telescopes on the mountain - the Snow Telescope and the 60-foot Solar Tower telescope.
For my money though, the real gems on the mountain are the 60 & 100-inch telescopes.
60-inch telescope was finished in 1908. For a while it was the largest telescope on Earth. Many have called it the first "modern" reflecting telescope. Astronomer Harlow Shapley used this instrument to help discover our place in the Milky Way Galaxy. I've been to Mt. Wilson a few times but, I still remember how special I felt just to be able to stand in its presence and touch it.
available for eyepiece viewing. I have not had the pleasure of looking through this instrument, but I have looked through others of the same size. On a good moonless night the views should be amazing.
More than a century ago, as the 60-inch telescope was nearing completion, George Ellery Hale was already planning for an even larger instrument.
100-inch Hooker Telescope was completed in 1917 and stood as the world's largest until Palomar's 200-inch telescope was completed in the late 1940s. It was with this instrument the Edwin Hubble tackled the distance to the Andromeda "nebula," determining that it was akin to the Milky Way, a distinct galaxy in its own right. Hubble also famously discovered the expansion of the universe.
Here is the Hooker Telescope and what is reputed to be Edwin Hubble's chair:
The Observatory offers guided tours, but not during winter. Check their website for details. I took these photos on a tour that was given by Mike Simmons back in 2005. Mike is the founder and executive director of Astronomers Without Borders. I haven't recently been on one of the public tours given at the observatory so I can't say if the photos I am sharing here are representative of what you might see if you take one.
|
<urn:uuid:3cc52942-e449-47f3-822e-f027e6af4227>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://visiblesuns.blogspot.com/2014/01/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319688.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622181155-20170622201155-00210.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975205
| 505
| 2.578125
| 3
|
The future is here. Space X, headed by Elon Musk, has invented the first soft landing rocket in human history. Just what is a soft landing rocket you ask?
Traditionally space rockets have one use, all fuel is used up and the rockets attached to the spacecraft burn up in atmosphere or crash in the ocean. With a soft landing rocket the rocket will enter in a controlled descent through atmosphere and then safely land at its launch point intact. This will cut the cost of space travel by seventy percent. Instead if costing fifty million dollars to launch a rocket, that same rocket would only cost seven million dollars
This is one of the most significant inventions the world has seen it will revolutionize space travel and human history.
|
<urn:uuid:88e77526-2e7d-4417-97b3-c413df80b4e0>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://ovsjournalists.com/2014/05/05/rockets-to-the-rescue/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319688.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622181155-20170622201155-00210.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937694
| 146
| 3.65625
| 4
|
The satisfactory tracing out with certainty of the original invention of poetry, appears to me to be a more difficult and perplexing task than the attempt to discover the source of either of the other arts. This art, doubtless, originated entirely in feeling and passion; but in what precise manner the expression of that feeling or passion was first embodied in any set form of words, which, it is contended, constituted the earliest poetic effort, it is difficult to determine, inasmuch as all distinct traces of very early artistical compositions of this kind appear to be lost, there being no permanent material in which they could be produced and preserved. The earliest attempts at poetry of which we have any record, or seem to have any notion, consist of words set in order to accompany music, which some therefore contend to be the germ of poetry itself. This art, however, appears, like painting and sculpture, to have been at once invented, independently of any sustaining medium as its support. As soon as these pristine poetic efforts were moulded into any sort of regular or set form, instead of running into merely wild, irregular, ejacular phrases, the taste of man led him to arrange them in harmonious periods ; and after harmonious periods in time followed rhyme, which is one peculiar characteristic of poetry, or at least of a large portion of it. And probably the aiming at regularity in the measure and rhyme of the poetry, induced also an attempt at corresponding regularity in the terminations of the lines ; and as imitation of nature largely influenced the constitution and construction of poetry, so it might without extravagance be suggested that echo in nature was what led to the invention of rhyme in poetry, which is a sort of reflection or imitation of a preceding sound; the second verse echoing, as it were, in its termination, the first, just as we hear in nature the termination of a series of continued sounds echoed back to the ear.
In some specimens of early poetry alliteration was resorted to instead of rhyme, and was availed of before the use of the latter was invented. Alliteration, like rhyme, consists in a sort of reflection or repetition of the sound of particular syllables in the verse, and is so far strictly analogous to rhyme. It is now, however, as frequently introduced into prose as into poetry, and is as efficient in the former as it is in rhyme.
|
<urn:uuid:1874ddba-d87b-48d5-b0a4-0629581e43b0>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://art.yodelout.com/poetry/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320243.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624082900-20170624102900-00371.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.98225
| 489
| 3.09375
| 3
|
In any power network, the cost of electrical losses constitutes a large component of network operating costs. As a result of introduction of competition under deregulation, it has become much more important to be able to determine a strategy for fair allocation of losses among the stakeholders. This paper suggests a quadratic loss formula with nodal power injections as independent variables. The change in losses obtained by the bilateral or multilateral transactions is expanded in Taylor's series. The computational burden posed by the second partial derivatives is reduced with introduction of a multiplying constant in the expansion without sacrificing the accuracy for each load levels of a 24 hour period. In order to ensure fair loss allocation, the possible negative loss at a bus, obtained by the cross–flows in lines, is corrected by linear interpolation. The method is tested on IEEE 14–bus system with five daily load levels.
Keywords: deregulation, transmission loss, loss allocation, deregulated power systems, counter flows, loss subsidies, electrical losses, power networks, quadratic loss formula, nodal power injections, linear interpolation
|
<urn:uuid:e4396cb4-f1d9-4c2e-8922-aea2c5ec0de6>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/a-practical-transmission-loss-allocation-methodology-for-deregulated-power-systems-340275
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320243.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624082900-20170624102900-00371.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.927895
| 213
| 2.828125
| 3
|
Every February we celebrate and honor the contributions made by African Americans to United States History. Two individuals in particular have had significant impacts, both nationally and locally, on the work that Origin does.
Dorothy Richardson was a Pittsburgh, PA resident, who refused to allow her neighborhood to succumb to the long-term effects of decay and lack of public and private investment in the mid-1960s. Through her hard work and determination, she established the first Neighborhood Housing Services and laid the foundation for what is known today as NeighborWorks America.
Dorothy’s vision of how to revitalize and preserve her neighborhood resulted, more than 40 years ago, in a new kind of community/government/private sector partnership, the first “Neighborhood Housing Services.” Dorothy’s success changed the nation's approach to urban redevelopment and spawned the new field of community-based development; the model of partnership she pioneered became the foundation for today’s NeighborWorks America network. Origin SC is proud to be part of its network of more than 240 organizations, and in honor of Black History Month, we want to recognize Dorothy Richardson, also known as the “mother of community development.” Learn more about Dorothy Richardson here.
Robert Fludd is the director of the Liberty Hill Improvement Afterschool Literacy Program, located here in North Charleston, SC. In honor of Black History Month, Origin SC wants to recognize Fludd for his leadership within the community.
“It doesn’t matter where you’re from – your background doesn’t determine where you’re going,” -Robert FluddAt one point, Fludd decided to leave teaching for a better paying job at a Fortune 500 company, but he felt empty and dissatisfied. His father’s illness brought him back to his roots, and when Fludd’s father passed, he decided to resign from that position and pursue working on a political campaign for the then-Senator Obama. It was through this that Fludd mobilized community after community, with every precinct he worked in voting more than 90% for our current President. After President Obama’s election, Fludd was asked to be the President of the Liberty Hill Improvement Council.
Liberty Hill is the oldest community in what is now North Charleston, South Carolina. In 1864, one year prior to the official end of slavery in the United States, Paul and Harriet Trescot, “free persons of color,” owned 112 acres of land – called Liberty Hill. Once a vibrant, founding community, it is now an area of blight.
In 2010, Robert Fludd identified a need in the North Charleston community after reading an article in the newspaper about how high school students in our area were reading at 3rd and 4th grade levels. It immediately sparked the idea of a literacy program focused on reading skills for those in elementary school. Within that first year, 100% of the students showed progress on their state MAP testing. The following year, the program added 20 kids. And they added math to the program at the request of the local schools. With the help of volunteers, the program grew to 60 kids in 2013, and the City of North Charleston began to assist with transportation from the schools to the after school program. The Liberty Hill Literacy Program is now a thriving after school program with more than 100 children from the Liberty Hill community and surrounding areas.
|
<urn:uuid:ac691309-eac0-4e98-81ad-df6718dc3534>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://originsc.blogspot.com/2017/02/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320593.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625221343-20170626001343-00531.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966072
| 700
| 2.75
| 3
|
THE HISTORY OF THE CAN IS LITERALLY A HISTORY of western civilization, and its innovation an engine of prosperity in the United States. Two centuries ago, the first cans were designed to sustain world powers in their quests around the globe. In boomtown America, the can was key to big business and broader frontiers. Today, can making is a major economic force; the more than 130 billion cans Americans use each year have created an eight billion dollar industry, with 200 manufacturing plants in 38 states, that employ more than 35 thousand employees.
The can has moved as fast as consumer demand has grown; always adapting, innovating and satisfying while preserving the qualities that provide its inherent value—protection and strength. From the original, crude tinplate canisters shaped by hand to the lightweight, completely recyclable containers produced mechanically today, the can preserves and endures like no other package available.
What's more, the can brings products into our hands and into our homes, allowing us to enjoy things made at another time in another place which we otherwise would never experience. Exotic foods and out-of-season produce are merely the beginning of what is now within reach. Food supplies aid third-world countries, blood plasma rescues wounded soldiers, and a vast array of household products are kept safely in the home, thanks to the utility of the can.
Because we have come to rely so much on the convenience and easy familiarity of canned products, almost imperceptibly present in every part of life, we are the "tin can civilization." Without fanfare, the can has played an essential role in the standard of living we enjoy by making the products we want cheaper, safer, easier, more readily available and reliable. Our health and long life expectancy have benefited from nutritious canned foods; our wealth and productivity have increased as cans made their products more cost-effective and accessible; and the innovation and improvement of canned products has left more time for life and leisure.
Research and continual improvements guarantee that the can will consistently and faithfully remain the necessary-but-unnoticed, unsung hero of contemporary living.
|
<urn:uuid:5fddf63b-5cdf-4c26-a28f-bd1afe962572>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.cancentral.com/can-stats/history-of-the-can
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320593.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625221343-20170626001343-00531.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958517
| 427
| 3.03125
| 3
|
The tradition of setting New Year’s resolutions was started by the Babylonians. For them, the top resolution was to return borrowed farm equipment!
The new year didn’t always begin on January 1, which had been established as the first day of the year by Julius Caesar. The new year celebration was originally observed at the beginning of spring by the Babylonians 4,000 years ago.
The most popular New Year’s resolution in the United States today is to lose weight.
In Holland, people eat donuts on New Year’s Day because the round shape symbolizes a full circle of life from one year to the next.
The first New Year’s Eve ball in New York was 700 pounds, 5 feet in diameter, and made of wood and iron! The modern ball dropped is made from Waterford Crystal and weighs over 1,000 pounds!
Since its debut descent in 1907, the ball has dropped every year, except 2: in 1942 and 1943 because of wartime restrictions in New York City.
It is said that the first person you see in the new year will determine whether your year will be positive or negative.
“Auld Lang Syne”, a song that is synonymous with New Year’s Eve, was a Scottish poem written by Robert Burns in 1788. Translated, it means “long long ago”.
Here’s wishing you all an incredible New Year!
|
<urn:uuid:2f904758-122e-4cb8-a3c0-4140f2f83f8f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://bff.tv/fun-facts-about-new-years-eve/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320841.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626170406-20170626190406-00611.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959987
| 299
| 3.203125
| 3
|
With a few exceptions (Roman busts, Fayumic coffin likenesses), portraiture in art's long span is quite a new--well, newish--form. It really gets under way in 15th century Italy. It came with problems, though. Portraiture as we know it is the art of making recognizable likenesses of individuals. But not all Renaissance portraits are about verisimilitude, and even when they seem to be, their truth can't be tested because usually there are no other images of the same person to test it against.
Simonetta Vespucci, the mistress of Giuliano de' Medici, died of tuberculosis at 23, but it is said Botticelli used her lissome and rhythmical curves as the model for Venus on her half-shell and Flora in La Primavera. Vespucci may have looked like that, or she may not. Maybe she was a blond pudge like Pamela Anderson. Getting tumbled in a wave of neo-Platonic fantasizing about how outer shape mirrors inner essence--"For Soule is Forme, and doth the Bodie make," wrote the poet Spenser in 1596--may be great for the figure and complexion when court painters like Botticelli and writers like Marsilio Ficino or Angelo Poliziano are watching, but it's not so good for documentary truth. As faithful records of human appearance, these 15th and 16th century portraits of women are unreliable. But they are also dream images, illustrating a semiphilosophic proposition that we have altogether abandoned today: the idea that great beauty implies lofty virtue. Tell that to Hollywood and the model agencies.
It was, however, an assumption that guided the way women were painted in quattrocento Italy. Actually, one feels that this show comes about 35 years late. It should have been done back in the '60s, when the National Gallery bought Leonardo da Vinci's Ginevra de' Benci from Liechtenstein. Leonardo was in his early '20s when he painted this daughter of a rich Florentine banker, circa 1474-78. On the front of the panel you see the familiar face--that pale, egg-smooth, cold teenage mask--a girl soberly dressed in brown, the blue lacing of her bodice neatly echoing the blues of the far sky and the trees and water in the middle distance. Her blond hair frames her face in fine, tight ringlets. The painting prefigures Leonardo's later obsession with studies of the movement of water and air, not to mention his fondness for the similar hair of a future male lover, Salai--"beautiful hair, rich and curly," as he jotted on a page of his notebook.
The inwardness and remoteness of this girl are emphasized by the spiky leaves of the dark tree behind her--a juniper, ginevra in the Italian of the day, her given name. Then, on the back of the panel, is the explanatory inscription. A branch of laurel and a palm frond--for glory and virtue--enclose a twig of juniper, with the inscription "Virtutem forma decorat" (Beauty adorns virtue).
The portraits in this show follow a clear and fairly stereotyped pattern of development. The pattern emerges from Roman low-relief sculpture and contemporary portrait medallions, some of which are also on view. In early likenesses by Pisanello, Pollaiuolo and Uccello, the subject is seen in strict profile. This gives her remoteness: she doesn't look back at you or acknowledge your gaze in any way. She is on display in all her finery, in scarlet velvet or cloth of gold, in brocade and pearls--an icon of marital success and faithfulness. (The catalog has an excellent essay by Roberta Landini and Mary Bulgarella on the arcane intricacies of status and ladies' fashion in 15th century Florence.) Her existence as a silhouette, an untouchable presence--or rather, apparition--reinforces the idea of virtue. So does the purity of line required by profile.
And there are conventions of beauty underlying those of art. For instance, the ideal Italian Renaissance woman had to be a white-skinned blond. Brunets would simply not do. Fashion, literature and the formal constructions of desire insisted on that. Since Italy, then as now, was short of pale natural blonds, bleaching was in order. A favorite bleach--especially in Venice, where prostitutes had to be blond to succeed--was human urine. Whose, history does not say.
|
<urn:uuid:ed2f3c5a-77d2-4fd6-a583-b8e73f4299de>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,188578,00.html?iid=chix-sphere
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321410.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627115753-20170627135753-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948785
| 975
| 2.6875
| 3
|
Home > Preview
The flashcards below were created by user
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
Meiosis is what type of division?
Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei
What is a homologous chromosome?
Homologous chromosomes: chromosomes with the same genes as each other, in the same sequence but do not necessarily have the same allele of those genes.
Outline the process of meiosis
Meiosis involves two divisions. Meiotic cells have an interphase stage before the start of meiosis I which is similar to mitosis. It includes G1, S and G2 phases. After meiosis I there is another brief interphase stage which is followed by meiosis II.
What trisomy causes down syndrome?
How does non- disjunction lead to changes in chromosome numbers?
A number of problems can arise during meiosis. A common problem is non-disjunction. This is when the chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis, either in meiosis I (in anaphase I) or meiosis II (in anaphase II). This leads the production of gametes that either have a chromosome too many or too few. Gametes with a missing chromosome usually die quite fast however gametes with an extra chromosome can survive. When a zygote is formed from the fertilization of these gametes with an extra chromosome, three chromosomes of one type are present instead of two. An example of this is Down syndrome
What are methods to collect cells for Karyotyping used for pre-natal diagnosis
chorionic villus sampling(CVS) or amniocentesis
What would you like to do?
Home > Flashcards > Print Preview
|
<urn:uuid:e35df426-3ea2-4539-a7f3-0a01df8e90a2>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.freezingblue.com/flashcards/print_preview.cgi?cardsetID=233174
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321410.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627115753-20170627135753-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932832
| 366
| 3.375
| 3
|
- Category: RPS
- Published: Tuesday, 12 November 2013 14:35
- Written by Super User
We seek to understand the philosophy that informs our lives and the choices we make; and ethics that we consider when we make big or small decisions
The subject is offered in for the whole cohort in KS3 and KS4. The popularity of the subject has made is a key subject in the achievement of progress 8. The subject has curved out a niche in the school as one that is very engaging using deep and very demanding questions.
It speaks to the students’ spiritual attitude towards many of the ethical, moral and philosophical issues that they think about. It is provides a platform for students to engage with issues that mean a lot to them and their family members. It covers issues that currently in the public platform and succeeds in generating debates that shape the ethics of a community.
We take pride in providing such a platform where all can engage in and with life.
As part of Devon Learning Authority, we follow the agreed syllabus that introduces our students to 6 main religions besides humanism and Paganism. This is in keeping with our ethos of introducing the students to both local and international trends in religion and the accompanying religious practices.
This lays the groundwork for a more focused learning in KS4 where they narrow that down to two main religions.
Questions about religion.
Science and Religion
Making Moral choices
Studying the human responses to ethical and philosophical issues in the modern and historical world is a key factor in Religion and Philosophy. This is a subject that constructively provokes student to look at their own and others’ points of views, experiences and ways of decision-making. We endeavour to ask many deep questions that prod the students to a higher learning experience. Without it, the school will be incomplete.
Religion and Life issues.
Religion and Morality
|
<urn:uuid:c30eeaf2-c38e-4325-9935-3c92bdb054e7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://tiverton.devon.sch.uk/index.php/curriculum/humanities/rps/34-curriculum/rps
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323588.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628083538-20170628103538-00051.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942121
| 383
| 3.25
| 3
|
Visual Studio is one of the tools I use to write some of the web and console applications my clients use each day. Visual Studio offers a pretty stable and user-friendly environment for writing Windows, Android and iOS applications, this would be a good environment to learn in if you would like to start programming.
Here are a few steps to get started (perform these steps on your home computer):
- Make sure you have at least Internet Explorer Version 10 installed on your home computer (you don’t absolutely have to have IE 10 but having version 10 will be a little less problematic). If you would like to install IE 10, you may install it from here: (first close all running applications on your home computer) http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/internet-explorer/download-ie and reboot after the installation.
- Install IIS on your home computer (first close all running applications on your home computer). Installing IIS on your home computer will allow you to easily view and test web applications from your home computer. If you do not install IIS, then you will not be able to easily test any web applications you create on your home computer, you will be forced to deploy your code to a web server somewhere to properly test it. Carefully review the screenshots on this page. The screenshots demonstrate how to install IIS on your home computer (the steps vary depending on your Windows version but this gives you a good idea of how the installation is done): http://www.howtogeek.com/112455/how-to-install-iis-8-on-windows-8/.
- Download and install the Visual Studio software and tools to your home computer from here (read the system requirements before installation, the system requirements are towards the bottom of the download page and also close all running applications on your home computer prior to install): http://www.visualstudio.com/en-us/products/visual-studio-community-vs. You may keep the default selections during the installation. This installation may take up to two hours depending on the processing power of your home computer so plan on starting the installation and walking away (just check on it every 20 minutes or so). Do not attempt to do any other work on your home computer during this installation.
- Reboot your computer once the installation is complete. At the end of this installation it tells you that you may immediately launch Visual Studio but just out of best practice I always reboot following any installation. So, either click on “Launch” at the end of the installation or reboot and then find the Visual Studio icon on your desktop and double click on it to open Visual Studio (it may be in your start menu under Start > All Programs > Visual Studio 2013).
- You don’t have to sign in right now, I would recommend doing it at some point but as you are learning you can skip sign in by selecting “Not now, maybe later”.
- You might be prompted to set up your environment for the first time. If you are, select “Visual C#” from the Development Settings dropdown menu. You don’t have to select this. C# is just what I select since I know I will primarily write in the language C#, this can be changed later to something else. Choose a color theme if you are prompted. Select Start Visual Studio. Note: opening Visual Studio for the first time may take several minutes.
- With Visual Studio open, you are now in the exploration and experimentation phase. This is where you will look around, read, watch tutorials, and try out sample code to learn as much as you can before jumping in. The first link you should see towards the top of the interface is “New to Visual Studio? Check out coding tutorials and sample Projects” (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/dn439939), click on this link and begin! Expect to spend at least 40 hours in this exploration and experimentation phase to get a strong understanding of the environment and writing basic code. I would also recommend watching youtube.com tutorials on Visual Studio (ex. from youtube.com search on this phrase: visual studio community 2013 tutorial).
If you’ve made it through the exploration and experimentation phase of step 7 above, and you are still excited about programming, then it is time to jump into the deep end:
- Now is as good a time as any to decide what kind of programmer you will be. Avoid lying to yourself, you know you better than anyone else ever will. If you think you are a bad person then you will probably write code with malicious intent. If you think you are a good person then you will hopefully write code with good intentions. If you think you are a bad person but believe your ‘badness’ will go undetected because you will write code with malicious intent disguised as code with good intent, you are mistaken. In the end all secrets are revealed, it doesn’t matter how well you attempt to conceal them.
- Carefully review programming rules and best practices from the following sites: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa260844(v=vs.60).aspx and http://www.w3.org/standards/. They may not make much sense now but they will as you begin to code.
- Carefully review code of ethics postings for computer professionals, ACM has a really good one: http://www.acm.org/about/code-of-ethics, or Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_Ethics.
- Complete an introductory computer science book (ex. Invitation to Computer Science by G. Michael Schneider and Judith Gersting). Make sure you read every chapter and successfully complete every exercise in the book.
- Learn HTML, the most basic language for creating web pages. Go through the fantastic tutorials and chapters found here: http://www.w3schools.com/html/.
I will add more steps soon, happy coding!
|
<urn:uuid:4b554c38-c970-4db3-bac8-3a359e9c3fae>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://jennymummey.wordpress.com/2014/12/10/want-to-learn-how-to-write-applications-for-computers-and-devices-microsoft-is-opening-up-visual-studio-and-net-to-individual-developers-for-free/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323588.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628083538-20170628103538-00051.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.904539
| 1,267
| 2.65625
| 3
|
NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Thursday, June 29, 2017
The biomedical research community has established a strong set of principles to guide the medical research process. These principles dictate research ethics, providing rules to make decisions about every part of research. They are carried out by specific regulations and individuals in the research community who oversee all aspects of the research process to assure these guidelines are followed. For more information see:
The information that follows from the National Cancer Institute provides a history of the important events and actions taken to develop our system of research ethics and oversight.
Over the past half-century, the international and U.S. medical communities have taken numerous steps to protect people who take part in clinical research. The following timeline provides an overview of some of the key events that have contributed to the development of the current system.
Developed in response to the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi doctors who performed unethical experimentation during World War II, the Nuremberg Code was the first major international document to provide guidelines on research ethics. It made voluntary consent a requirement in clinical research studies, emphasizing that consent can be voluntary only if:
The Code also states that researchers should minimize risk and harm, make sure that risks do not significantly outweigh potential benefits, use appropriate study designs, and guarantee participants' freedom to withdraw at any time. The Nuremberg Code was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948.
At the 18th World Medical Assembly in Helsinki, Finland, the World Medical Association adopted 12 principles to guide physicians on ethical considerations related to biomedical research, known as the Declaration of Helsinki. It emphasizes the distinction between medical care that directly benefits the patient and research that may or may not provide direct benefit. These guidelines were revised at subsequent meetings in 1975 (Tokyo, Japan), 1983 (Venice, Italy), and 1989 (Hong Kong).
The U.S. Congress signed the National Research Act into law, creating the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The Commission was charged with:
1. identifying the basic ethical principles that should govern medical research involving people, and then
2. recommending steps to improve the Regulations for the Protection of Human Subjects.
After four years of work, the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research issued The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. The report sets forth three principles underlying the ethical conduct of research:
1. respect for persons: recognizing the autonomy and dignity of individuals, and the need to protect those with diminished autonomy (i.e., impaired decision-making skills), such as children, the aged, and the disabled;
2. beneficence: an obligation to protect persons from harm by maximizing benefits and minimizing risks;
3. justice: fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research.
The Belmont Report explains how these apply to research practices; for example, it identifies informed consent as a process that is essential to the principle of respect. In response to the report, both the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration revised their regulations on research studies that involve people.
This policy was adopted to ensure a uniform system of protections in all federal agencies and departments that conduct research.
Source: National Cancer Institute - A Guide to Understanding Informed Consent - History
This article is a NetWellness exclusive.
Last Reviewed: May 15, 2011
Nicole M Deming, JD, MA
Assistant Professor of Bioethics
School of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University
|
<urn:uuid:1029a326-4dcf-42df-869c-8d3490c33080>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://netwellness.uc.edu/healthtopics/research/aboutresearch.cfm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323864.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629033356-20170629053356-00131.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933473
| 761
| 3.15625
| 3
|
Religious holiday celebrations in public schools (December 2016 School Leader Update)
“Have a holly jolly Christmas/it’s the best time of the year…” Hmmm, well, perhaps not for everyone. Public school officials need to be especially conscious at this time of year that the birth of the Christian Savior is not recognized or celebrated by all students and families. Here is a quick (not meant to be exhaustive) checklist of what public school officials are prohibited from doing and what they are permitted to do.
a. Prohibited Activities
- Displays of religious symbols such as a crèche, an angel, a menorah, or a banner with a religious message (“Gloria in Excelsis Deo,” e.g.).
- Display of a Christmas tree with religious symbols such as stars, angels, the baby Jesus.
- School-wide prayer or Scripture readings.
- Banning students from offering candy canes or other items with a religious message during noninstructional time (before or after school or during a recess) and not done in the classroom. Schools may still prohibit distribution within classrooms.
- Holding a “Christmas party” in the classroom. A “holiday” or “end of semester” or “end of 2016” party is OK.
b. Permissible Activities
- Including religious music selections during public holiday concerts if non-religious music is included. (Guidance from IHSMA)
- Holding holiday concerts at religious sites if the concerts are also held at non-religious sites.
- Displaying a “giving tree,” i.e. a tree on which students hang donated items such as mittens, gloves, etc.
- Displays of religious symbols when combined with other symbols of cultural and ethnic heritage such as Kwanzaa symbols, Frosty the Snowman, other festive figures, a “Happy Holidays” banner, etc.
- Displays of symbols representing many religious beliefs, even without non-religious symbols. But, just displaying symbols from Christianity and Judaism is an impermissible endorsement of dual beliefs. The display must present a message of pluralism and freedom to choose one’s own beliefs.
Districts should however strive to be inclusive and attain equity for all students regardless of their religious preferences at this time of year when planning performances or other winter activities.
|
<urn:uuid:897146ef-6351-4994-8470-8c322fdf0001>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.educateiowa.gov/resources/laws-and-regulations/legal-lessons/religious-holiday-celebrations-public-schools
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323864.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629033356-20170629053356-00131.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933436
| 500
| 2.578125
| 3
|
The study found that the genetic sequencing data demonstrates that the Iceman had a very specific genetic mutation, namely that he was homozygous for the minor allele (GG) of rs10757274, located in chromosomal region
Two gene variants in a chromosomal region
known as 17q21 also marked out these children as more likely to be prescribed antibiotics as infants.
One chromosomal region
containing the dystrophin gene was found to be associated with the syndrome.
Conversely, if a chromosomal region
was commonly deleted, then a tumor suppressor gene was selected as the target of the FISH probe.
The loci of malignant osteopetrosis should fall on a homozygous chromosomal region
because the parents are consanguineous.
Those FZ progeny that contain donor DNA in the chromosomal region
of interest (identified using marker-assisted methods) are backcrossed to animals of the background strain.
A series of in situ carcinomas (ISCs) was also studied by separately assaying the benign adenomatous portion as well as the malignant portion to compare the frequency of LOH of this chromosomal region
in the 2 stages of the evolving neoplasm.
Men with a gene variant from each chromosomal region
plus a family history were 9.
Scientists in California homed in on a chromosomal region
previous studies had suggested might be involved in BMD regulation.
It is to be noted that although the terms 'genetic sequence', 'nucleotide sequence', 'genome sequence' and any other term involving or referring to DNA are retained in this discussion to match the usage in contemporary scientific literature, they should be taken to imply a chromosomal region
or a chromosomal sector, but not specifically the DNA structure that stores a program bit.
The next step is to look gene by gene through this very complicated chromosomal region
to figure out which specific one may be involved with autism.
The purpose of this research then is to explore GPR50, a gene located in chromosomal region
Xq28, for its possible involvement in X-Linked Mental Retardation (XLMR).
|
<urn:uuid:73a70d00-454b-484a-8bc8-c29c16c2700f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chromosomal+region
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320070.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623151757-20170623171757-00571.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946095
| 450
| 2.625
| 3
|
The Floppy Cube is a 3x3x1 Rubik’s Cube and it was invented by Katsuhiko Okamoto the inventor of the Void cube, Master Skewb, the fully functional 3x3x5 Cube, the Master Pyraminx and much more. He also made different versions of the 3x3x1 Cubes, like the Floppy Octagon (a Floppy Cube truncated into the shape of an octagon), Penta Floppy (pentagonal version), Hexa Floppy (hexagonal version), Scramble Cube (also known as Super Floppy Cube).
The 3x3x1 Floppy Cube is a single layer cube, having 9 cubes arranged in a square. It has 9 white and yellow stickers on the top and bottom and 3 green, orange, blue and red stickers on the sides. Only the corner pieces can switch places, so it has 192 possible permutations.
The sides can be turned 180 degrees and halfway through a move the center piece flexes a little bit, letting the corners stay connected to the center.
The highest order N x N x 1 fully functional cuboid ever made is a Royal Floppy Cube. This puzzle is a 9x9x1 Floppy Cube and it has large outer pieces to hold the smaller inner pieces together.
To solve a Floppy Cube first orient the four edge pieces according to the color of the yellow and white center piece. This is maximum one turn for each face. After that find a corner piece which is already on the right spot, hold the puzzle in your hand so this piece is on the right-front and do the algorithm: B L’ B’ L. In some cases you have to do this twice, or if there’s no corner piece in the right spot then three times. With this simple algorithm you can solve this puzzle.
LanLan Super Floppy Cube
The Super Floppy Cube was also invented by Katsuhiko Okamoto, and he originally called it the Scramble Cube.
This is a more complicated version of the Floppy Cube, where you can make quarter turns of the faces. This is the reason why there can be up to four corner pieces around a single edge piece, and it’s possible to have an edge piece left alone with no corner piece at all.
The LanLan Super Floppy moves much smoother than the classic 3x3x1 even without lubrication. It has very good quality rounded stickers. It can be used as a classic Floppy Cube if you don’t make quarter turns, just half turns.
|
<urn:uuid:bac40106-135a-4936-8e5d-df33b1b790bb>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://ruwix.com/twisty-puzzles/super-floppy-cube/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320070.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623151757-20170623171757-00571.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.917862
| 537
| 2.578125
| 3
|
In an influential book, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905), Max Weber advocated that reformed christianity had been instrumental in the birth of modern economic life in Western Europe. The stern doctrines of lutherianism and calvinism had pushed to capital accumulation and economic development by breeding in believers a relentless commitment to one's earthly calling and an avoidance of trivial pleasures.
Weber was born in Erfurt, Germany, on 21 April 1864, to an authoritarian
father and strongly Calvinist mother. He was educated at the universities
of Heidelberg, Berlin, and Göttingen and served briefly in the army.
In 1893, he got a temporary position at University of Berlin, bringing
him his first income and allowing him to leave home and to marry. His
hard work and brilliancy led him to be nominated only two years later,
in 1895, professor of political economy at Freiburg. The next year he accepted
a similar position in Heidelberg.
In 1898, following a family crisis the year before, Weber suffered
a nervous collapse. He was institutionalized periodically until 1903
and had to give up his academic work. Coming back to normal life,
he started work again as a co-editor of the journal Archiv für
Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, which became the leading German
social science journal. He made a journey to the United States in 1904,
where he could give lectures on what would become his famous
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905).
In 1907, an inheritance freed him of all financial problems.
At the beginning of World War I, Max Weber supported enthusiastically
the German aims and volunteered for the Army. In 1915, he changed his mind
and became a pacifist. After the war, Weber helped draft the constitution
of the Weimar Republic and founded the German Democratic party.
But he slowly took distance with the new republic, loathe
of the the slowness and inefficiencies of political parties.
In 1919, he was appointed professor for national economics
at University of Munich. He died in this city on 14 June 1920.
(Adapted from the
Compton's encyclopedia online.)
Longer biographies (first and
second) are also available.
Major works related to the European Miracle
(1) 1905: Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus.
English version in 1930:
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
(2) 1922: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft.
English version in 1968: Economy and Society.
(3) 1927: General Economic History, Munich lectures
(4) 1920: Die Wirtschaftsethik der Weltreligionen. Konfuzianismus und Taoismus.
(5) 1920: Die Wirtschaftsethik der Weltreligionen. Hinduismus und
Weber is very present on the world wide web, a testimony
to his lasting influence. Sociologists, Christians, economists,
religion specialists and surprisingly many Asian sites are
busy marshalling the great man.
A list of Weber sites,
an interesting Weber site.
Weber did not originate the thesis linking Protestantism
and capitalism, as he himself pointed out. Earlier writers,
including the English economist William Petty, had the idea
of linking religion to the onset of capitalism. What Weber
did was to provide the specifics for the argument, with the
details of the mechanism by which the belief in a "calling"
and in worldly asceticism developed, leading to modern capitalism.
Although it is largely forgotten, Weber argued that these
behavioral changes alone could not bring about modern capitalism
as it required an "appropriate set of conditions" in the economic
My absolutely subjective review of Weber's
contribution to the Grand Issue
Max Weber's most important works have unfortunately been neglected,
if not forgotten. They are his analyses of agricultural structures,
particularly the nocivity of large estates: his PhD thesis about
agricultural structures in Antiquity and The Situation of the
land workers in Germany east of the Elbe (Die Lage der
Landarbeiter im ostelbischen Deutschland, 1892). They are deep,
brilliant, and original. They are, however, not directly related
to the European miracle issue.
Max Weber's answer to the Grand Question is mostly worthless.
It falters when it comes to explain the Ancient Greek boom
(since the Greeks were not protestant), the fast growth of Northern Italy
up to the Renaissance (since the Italians were catholic), or the
great times in other civilizations (in particular India 300-700,
China -700 to -200 and 800-1300, since neither the Indians nor
the Chinese were protestant). To obtain a global explanation fitting
non-Christian countries, one has to turn to other factors, like I do in
Le Secret de l'Occident
vers une théorie générale du progrès scientifique
(The Secret of the West A general theory of scientific progress).
In this book I succeed in explaining the rises and falls of
other civilizations or pre-Christian times, like the Greek miracle.
Weber's theory obeys naively to the idea
that people are, on average, moved by abstract ideas and not
by their interests. In a classical confusion, it takes the
effect for the cause. In successful European countries, a new
breed of Christianity evolved to satisfy the needs of the newly
powerful mercantile class. Northern Europe became protestant
because it was economically successful, not the reverse.
In spite of its stark limitations, Weber's hypothesis has been quite influential.
It pleased a triumphant northern Europe and United States, mostly protestant.
Weber's theory is still alive now, i.e. it still appears in debates
about the European mystery be it to be debunked. This is arguably
the most interesting thing in this hypothesis. It seems to confirm
that people are likely to believe:
(1) simplistic ideas in fields where the mass of information and interconnections apparently makes the problem hopelessly difficult.
(2) negative judgements about the other guys... it is so nice to feel superior.
If nothing more, Weber's theory flatters the cultural chauvinism of people of north-western European ascent, and this might well be the reason for its enduring success...
A comment about the
amazing longevity of Weber's theory.
|
<urn:uuid:ba1ee02f-cfc5-4588-b9f9-9590a5367741>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://riseofthewest.net/thinkers/weber01.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320443.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625064745-20170625084745-00011.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.911778
| 1,391
| 3.390625
| 3
|
I am sitting in Toby Beck’s NCCE session about MathCasting. He has students create screencasts in which they explain solutions to math problems. Teachers also create a full set of explanatory lessons for the curriculum. Students benefit by reflecting on their solutions so that they may explain them.
Toby uses OneNote and Jing, but this is similar to Darren Kuropatwa’s SmartBoard-based class blogs. One only needs a platform that can record student finger or pen input. I suspect that an iPad solution also exists. Both teachers suggest that students use images to apply mathematical concepts to real-world problems. Student blogs also serve as their electronic portfolios.
I am curious that this approach has gained some traction in mathematics. Perhaps there is something about this abstract subject that lends itself well to an explanatory medium.
|
<urn:uuid:35bc2db6-6494-4ba4-83d7-9efa38b3c231>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.kassblog.com/2011/03/mathcasting/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320443.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625064745-20170625084745-00011.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963413
| 168
| 2.703125
| 3
|
I can see where this urban legend could
When something makes a noise, say a gunshot in a canyon, the observer hears the noise echo around. This is because the sound waves take different length paths on their way to the observer. So you hear the bang and then you hear it again when the sound has reflected off a big rock wall and come back at you.
Ducks often live in marsh land or on lakes and I'll stick my neck out to suggest this is more common than finding them in mountains or canyons. So if the duck is in a large open space and it quacks you don't hear an echo because the sound that's travelling away from you has nothing to bounce it back in your direction.
I'm suggesting that people hear the echo of a duck's quack less often than they might hear echoes of other noises.
On the other hand, maybe ducks don't emit sound waves at all. Maybe human's have evolved a psychosomatic reaction to ducks that actually manifests itself in the form of vibration in the ear drum, so the sound we hear is generated within us, avoiding the need for it to travel from the duck at all. That would remove the potential for it to bounce off other surfaces in the environment on the way to our sound receptors.
|
<urn:uuid:dfc6508b-4eb1-4dfe-922b-3bdba6cea5e5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://everything2.com/title/A+duck%2527s+quack+does+not+echo
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320443.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625064745-20170625084745-00011.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959945
| 261
| 2.859375
| 3
|
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is a condition characterized by compression of the ulnar nerve in an area of the elbow called the cubital tunnel.
The ulnar nerve travels down the back of the elbow behind the bony bump called the medial epicondyle, and through a passageway called the cubital tunnel. The cubital tunnel is a narrow passageway on the inside of the elbow formed by bone, muscle, and ligaments with the ulnar nerve passing through its center. The roof of the cubital tunnel is covered with a soft tissue called fascia.
When the elbow is bent, the ulnar nerve can stretch and catch on the bony bump. When the ulnar nerve is compressed or entrapped, the nerve can tear and become inflamed leading to a variety of symptoms, called cubital tunnel syndrome.
Signs and Symptoms
In general, signs and symptoms of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome arise gradually, progressing to the point where the patient seeks medical attention. Left untreated, Cubital Tunnel Syndrome can lead to permanent nerve damage in the hand. Commonly reported symptoms associated with Cubital Tunnel Syndrome include:
- Intermittent numbness, tingling, and pain to the little finger, ring finger, and the inside of the hand. These symptoms occur more frequently at night, and with elbow bending or prolonged resting on the elbow.
- Aching pain to the inside of the elbow
- Weakness in hand with diminished grip strength
- Diminished sensation and fine motor control in the hand causing the person to drop objects or have difficulty in handling small objects.
- Muscle wasting in the hand and permanent nerve damage, if left untreated.
The common causes responsible for cubital tunnel syndrome, include:
- Repetitive motion
- Frequent pressure on the elbow for extended periods due to sitting posture
- Medical Conditions such as bone spurs, ganglion cysts, or tumors in the cubital tunnel leading to pressure and irritation of the ulnar nerve.
Your physician will perform the following:
- Medical History
- Physical Examination
Your physician may order X-ray and electro diagnostic tests such as electromyography and nerve conduction studies. These tests can assist your doctor in determining how well the nerve is functioning and locate areas of muscle wasting and nerve compression.
Your physician will recommend conservative treatment options initially to treat the symptoms unless muscle wasting or nerve damage is present.
Conservative treatment options may include:
- Avoid frequent bending of the elbow.
- Avoid pressure to the elbow by not leaning on it. Elbow pads may be worn to decrease pressure when working at a desk.
- Wear a brace or splint at night while sleeping to keep the elbow in a straight position. You can also wrap the arm loosely with a towel and apply tape to hold in place.
- Avoid activities that tend to bring on the symptoms.
- NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) such as ibuprofen or aspirin, may be ordered to reduce swelling.
- Referral to OT (Occupational Therapy) for instruction in strengthening and stretching exercises may be recommended.
If conservative treatment options fail to resolve the condition or if muscle wasting or severenerve compression is present, your surgeon may recommend a surgical procedure to treat your condition.
The goal of Cubital Tunnel surgery is to reduce the pressure on the ulnar nerve by providing more space for the nerve to move freely and to increase blood flow to promote healing of the ulnar nerve. There are different surgeries that can be performed to treat your condition, such as:
Medial Epicondylectomy: This surgery involves removing the medial epicondyle, the bony bump on the inside of the elbow, enabling the ulnar nerve to glide smoothly when the elbow is flexed and straightened.
Ulnar Nerve Transposition: This surgery involves creating a new tunnel in front of the medial epicondyle and transposing (moving) the ulnar nerve to the new tunnel.
Your surgeon will decide which options are best for you depending on your specific circumstances.
After surgery, your surgeon will give you guidelines to follow depending on the type of repair performed and the surgeon’s preference. Common post-operative guidelines include:
- A bulky dressing with a plaster splint is usually applied following surgery for 10-14 days.
- Elevating the arm above heart level and moving the fingers are important to prevent swelling.
- The arm dressing is removed after 10-14 days for removal of the sutures.
- Elbow immobilization for 3 weeks after surgery is usually indicated, longer depending on the repair performed.
- Ice packs are applied to the surgical area to reduce swelling. Ice should be applied over a towel to the affected area for 20 minutes every hour. Keep the surgical incision clean and dry. Cover the area with plastic wrap when bathing or showering.
- Occupational Therapy will be ordered a few weeks after surgery for strengthening and stretching exercises to maximize use of the hand and forearm
Risks and Complications
The majority of patients suffer no complications following Cubital Tunnel surgery, however, complications can occur following elbow surgery and include:
- Nerve damage causing permanent numbness around the elbow or forearm.
- Elbow instability
- Elbow flexion contracture
- Pain at site of scar
- Symptoms unresolved even after the surgery
|
<urn:uuid:90714855-1a72-4ac4-a37c-96a148b56887>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.desertortho.com/cubital-tunnel-syndrome.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320666.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626013946-20170626033946-00091.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.907495
| 1,112
| 3.328125
| 3
|
10 billion: That’s how many microbes live on your toothbrush at any given time.
“Toothbrushes can act as a lightning rod for bacteria, viruses and even what we call fungi or mold and mildew,” Dr. Gerry Curatola, founder of Rejuvenation Dentistry and author of the book Smile For Life, Rejuvenation Dentistry and the Art of Wellness, told FoxNews.com. “The types of bacteria…can range anywhere from the bacteria in the mouth that cause tooth decay and gum disease, to strep bacteria to E. coli.”
Check out these five hygiene mistakes you’re probably making when it comes to your toothbrush.
1. You keep your toothbrush within 6 feet of a toilet
Because most people store their brushes in the bathroom, it’s easy for them to become infested with fecal matter and other microbes you wouldn’t want in your mouth. If you’re keeping your toothbrush within six feet of a toilet, that’s too close, according to Curatola.
“People don’t realize there can be more bacteria on a toothbrush than on a toilet seat,” Curatola said.
2. You store your brush in a plastic holder
The way you store your toothbrush in between cleanings can affect how many germs infest your bristles. Keeping your brush encased in a plastic container is one of the most dangerous methods of storage, according to Curatola.
“Putting a plastic cap toothbrush cover on is a problem because those act like petri dishes and grow viruses and bacteria inside them,” Curatola said. “The CDC in Atlanta has advised against plastic cases for toothbrushes and for mouth guards and things like that.”
Unfortunately, leaving your brush upright in a toothbrush holder or cup can also leave it exposed to airborne microbes or germs. Instead, Curatola recommends investing in a fabric toothbrush shield, which can help wick away saliva and moisture from a brush, while also acting as a barrier against germs.
3. You microwave your toothbrush to disinfect it
Curatola said one of the worst mistakes a person can make when it comes to toothbrush hygiene is microwaving a brush to kill germs.
“They think they are sterilizing it, but they heat the plastic – most toothbrushes are made of plastic, silicone and nylon – and a microwave will denature and damage those things,” Curatola said. “…This causes the nylon bristles to break down.”
Curatola warned that microwaving a plastic toothbrush can put people at risk for exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA), a chemical found in many types of plastic that has been linked to a wide variety of ill health effects, including infertility and various types of cancer.
Instead, Curatola recommends simply rinsing a dirty toothbrush with lukewarm water and a small amount of soap, and then covering it with a fabric shield to prevent re-infestation. He also recommends buying a new toothbrush at least four times a year.
4. You think toothpaste disinfects your brush
“Normal toothpaste has no impact on bacteria on the brush,” Curatola said.
And if you come across a toothpaste that advertises itself as ‘antibacterial’, leave it on the shelf, he said.
“Basically, our mouths have billions of healthy bacteria in [what is called] the oral microbiome. When the oral microbiome is healthy, we’re protected from deadly viruses and bacteria in the environment around us,” Curatola said. “But in a lot of people, [the oral microbiome] is not healthy because they use harmful products like detergent toothpaste or alcohol mouthwashes.”
5. Your toothpaste contains too many chemicals
Avoid toothpaste that contains chemicals like sodium laurel sulfate or triclosan copolymer, Curatola warns.
“Sodium laurel sulfate, which is an emulsifier, is a detergent and is actually irritating to the mouth,” Curatola said, noting that the chemical has been known to cause an increase in canker sores.
Furthermore, some experts are becoming concerned that exposure to triclosan, an antibacterial and antifungal agent, could be leading to increases in strains of resistant bacteria.
And remember, good oral health means good overall health, Curatola said.
“Oral disease is on the frontline of your ability to live a long healthy life,” he said. “It’s probably one of the biggest sources of inflammation in the whole body, and [ inflammation] reduces your ability to live a long, healthier life.”
|
<urn:uuid:d8802da1-8860-4e78-b08f-0762e1e74cf3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/03/12/how-gross-is-your-toothbrush-5-toothbrush-hygiene-mistakes-youre-probably.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320666.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626013946-20170626033946-00091.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937215
| 1,023
| 2.984375
| 3
|
Syringomyelia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Diseases
by Kenneth Kee
This book describes Syringomyelia, Treatment and Associated Diseases.
Syringomyelia is a disorder in which a cyst forms within the spinal cord (syrinx), expands over time, destroying a portion of the spinal cord from its center and expanding outward.
2 More on Syringomyelia
3 Treatment of Syringomyelia
4 Head Injury
|
<urn:uuid:6b91e725-1cc1-4d54-b1a0-6dd82ad7f971>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.smashwords.com/books/tags/syringomyelia
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320666.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626013946-20170626033946-00091.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.762652
| 95
| 2.625
| 3
|
This is a set of spot illustrations created for Irish language publisher An Gum.
According to Irish legend, as a young girl Grace O’Malley wished to go on a trading expedition to Spain with her father. Upon being told she could not because her long hair would catch in the ship’s ropes, she cut off most of her hair to embarrass her father into taking her, thus earning her the nickname “Gráinne Mhaol” (Irish pronunciation: from maol bald or having cropped hair). The name stuck and was usually anglicised as Granuaile.
Eoghan Dubhdara Ó Máille, her father and his family were based in Clew Bay, County Mayo. He was chieftain of the Ó Máille clan. The Uí Mháille (O’Malleys) were one of the few seafaring families on the west coast, and they built a row of castles facing the sea to protect their territory. Grace was married in 1546 to Dónal an Chogaidh Ó Flaithbheartaigh (Donal of the Battle) – he was much older than her and they had three children together.
O’Malley went to England and met with Elizabeth 1 at Greenwich Palace, wearing a fine gown, she refused to bow before Elizabeth because she did not recognise her as the Queen of Ireland.
Many folk stories and legends about Grace O’Malley have survived since her days of pirating and trading with a huge number of traditional songs and poems about her.
|
<urn:uuid:41259402-84ed-4a8d-b790-d4e5b9b96b22>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://jenfarley.com/grace-omalley-meets-queen-elizabeth-1/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320865.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626203042-20170626223042-00171.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.988235
| 324
| 3.375
| 3
|
The Stereo Pair 3D Measurement process allows you to select a common point from two stereo images and calculate an elevation value for that point.There are three steps in creating a DEM that are crucial to generating acceptable results: epipolar image creation, image matching, and DEM geocoding.
Epipolar Image Creation - The creation of epipolar images is an essential processing step in DEM extraction. Epipolar geometry describes the geometrical constraint between two frame images of a stereo pair. It represents the fact that a ground point and the two optical centers lie on the same plane. This means that for a given point in one image, its conjugate point in the other image must lie on a known line in the second image. By creating epipolar images, the search space for finding corresponding image points in automatic image matching is reduced. For information about building epipolar images for the use with DEM Extraction Wizard, see Building Epipolar Images.
Image Matching - Image matching finds the conjugate points on both the left and right images which correspond to the same ground feature. The output of the image matching procedure is called a parallax image, in which the x-coordinate difference (along epipolar lines) between the left and right image is stored and is used to build the DEM. Thus, the quality of image matching largely determines the quality of the output DEM.
DEM Geocoding - DEM geocoding re-projects the DEM from the epipolar projection to the user-specified output map projection and units. This step involves the filling of failed pixels and the resampling to a pixel spacing specified by the user. When GCPs are provided, the absolute orientation of the computed terrain model is performed in this step.
Tererra Incorporated has integrated newest hardware technologies together with custom operating system enhancements to deliver an accelerated storage solution that is very cost effective. Many companies would like to invest heavily in 10G, 40G, or even 56G network topographies in 2015 and 2016. This customer demand also requires a cost effective storage solution which can handle these speeds. Switch manufacturers are making this a cost effective investment with newest pricing strategies and affordable switches and network cards. Storage manufacturers however, are not effectively targeting cust..
The Tererra Network provides enhanced ISP services, and provides a single fully integrated connectivity solution. The Tererra Network is a world spanning Ethernet/IP network that runs over our privately managed network infrastructure along with its other network products including StratofLash storage, Stratorender GPU rendering, SDN/MPS, Ethernet and Wave Division Multiplexing services.
The Tererra Network works as a community of interest network, enabling all its members to predictably control the distribution of data delivery between customer sites in a way that would otherwise only be ac..
We are pleased to announce the complete and 100% cloud free data over all of the European Union in 2016. The data has been amassed through five years of mapping and project work. It is delivered as GeoTIFF on more than 10TB of hard drives, with a WGS84 and Geodetic datum and projection. We can grid-n-tile the data as you like, in a variety of geospatial file formats.
EarthOnDrive/WavGen have recently partnered with Battlespace Simulatons Inc., to provide a rich geospatial data environment using 15m Landsat Imagery, and very high resolution CONUS aerial imagery for tactical and ground based military and defense simulations. GIS-enabled: Pan, Scale or Zoom anywhere on Earth. Support for all the most common GIS formats, including NGA's aeronautical charts (GNC, JNC, ONC, TPC) in CADRG format; GeoTiff and Vector formats (VPF and SHP).
BSI provides world-class, PC-based simulation solutions, including MACE, the flagship product providing computer g..
|
<urn:uuid:496d3960-cd25-4560-bdc8-c522afe0ec6d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.earthondrive.com/stereo-paired
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320865.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626203042-20170626223042-00171.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.909767
| 802
| 2.96875
| 3
|
Recently I posted a guest blog by NT scholar Dennis MacDonald, which discusses the possible use of Homeric mimesis in the canonical Gospels, particularly the Gospel of Mark. Mimesis of earlier literature is a common literary technique found in the genre of Greek popular-novelistic biography, which I argue is the genre that the Gospels most resemble in Hellenistic literature. Even if one does not grant that the Gospels imitate Homer, however, it is still widely accepted among NT scholars that the Gospels imitate the language, tropes, and characters of the Old Testament, and thus model Jesus off of OT figures such as Moses, David, Elijah, and Elisha.
The same is true for the Life of Aesop, which is a philosophical biography blended with heavy novelistic elements. In the biography Aesop is modeled off of famous Greek philosophers, such as Diogenes and Socrates. In the latter case, a clear echo of Socrates is heard in the Life of Aesop (25) when the philosopher Xanthos asks him, “What do you know how to do?,” to which Aesop replies, “Nothing at all.” When Xanthos asks, “Why do you say nothing,” one of his students responds, “No man alive knows everything. That’s why he said he knew nothing.” This imitates Socrates’ declaration in Plato’s Apology (29b), where he states that he knows only one thing: that he knows nothing.
I likewise discuss in this earlier post how Alexander is modeled off of Odysseus in the Alexander Romance (1.21), when he drives out Philip’s wedding banquet (as Philip was in the process of marrying another woman than his mother), which mimics Odysseus driving out the suitors from his house in the Odyssey. Below I will discuss another instance of Homeric mimesis in the Alexander Romance, which this time imitates the cycle of the Trojan War.
The Trojan War is famous for being a war about a woman, namely Helen of Troy, whose face is said to have launched a thousand ships. Of course, one of my former Classics professors, Bella Vivante, used to point out that Helen was not actually from Troy. She actually should be called Helen of Sparta, or Egypt in some of the traditions. Although Helen is depicted as the cause of the Trojan War in Homer’s Iliad, other ancient authors proposed alternative causes for the war. Thucydides (1.9) argued that the war was fought for the sake of military conquest, rather than for the sake of retrieving a woman, while Herodotus (2.116) argued that Helen never even went to Troy, but was actually taken to Egypt. Herodotus maintained that Homer only favored a tradition that had Helen remain in the city for all ten years of the war, in order to heighten the drama of his narrative. The lyric poet Stesichorus is even said to have become blind (like Homer), for claiming that Helen went to Troy, and was only cured of his blindness once he had recanted this tradition.
Regardless, the story of the Trojan War is famous for being a war fought over the abduction of a woman, and a similar story, imitating the Trojan War, is likewise told in the Alexander Romance (3.19-20). In relating this story, I will use Ken Dowden’s translation, which is based on manuscript L of Recension β, although the online translation of the Alexander Romance, which I provide a link to above, is based on Recension α. After his expedition into India, Alexander has a letter correspondence with Queen Kandake of Meroë, which is located in Sudan. Alexander later visits the queen in her home country (3.21), but before that there is an interceding episode involving her son Kandaules. The prince Kaundales visits Alexander’s camp after a disaster has befallen him:
“Some days later it happened that Kandake’s son, Kandaules, in the company of some riders, was attacked by the prince of the Bebrykians, and Kandaules, the son of Kandake, rode into Alexander’s tents in his flight. The guards arrested him and brought him before Ptolemy, surnamed Soter, who was second-in-command to Alexander (King Alexander was asleep). Ptolemy questioned him, ‘Who are you and your companions?’ He replied, ‘I am the son of Queen Kandake.’ Ptolemy asked him, ‘Why have you come here, then?’ He replied: ‘Together with my wife and a few soldiers I was on my way to celebrate the annual mystery rite among the Amazons. But the prince of the Babrykians saw my wife and came out with a huge force; he seized my wife and killed most of my soldiers. So I am returning to collect a larger force and burn the land of the Bebrykians.'”
Now, the abduction of Kandaules’ wife is already an allusion to the Trojan War, imitating Helen’s abduction, but there are also a number of other allusions contained in this passage. As Ken Dowden (Anthology of Ancient Greek Popular Literature, pg. 233) explains:
“The names connect this story with Asia Minor: the Bebrykians are a legendary people of Bithynia; Kandaules, a king of Lydia; Amazons have several important Asia Minor connections; the real Antigonos was a satrap in Asia Minor.”
Why connect this episode with Asia Minor? Well, for the simple reason that the city of Troy is located in Asia Minor:
But the references only become more obvious from there. Following Kandaules’ arrival, Ptolemy informs Alexander of the situation, and Alexander forms a dastardly plan. He decides to hide his true identity and to instead pretend that he is his lieutenant Antigonos. Alexander makes this disguise not only so that he can personally accompany Kandaules on the campaign to retrieve his wife, but also so that he can later visit his mother Queen Kandake in disguise. Alexander likewise orders Ptolemy to pretend that he is King Alexander, so that Kandaules does not know who the real king is. Ptolemy then introduces Alexander to Kandaules, and they set off on the expedition:
“Ptolemy gave instructions, as though he were Alexander, to Antigonos, and this was done. Antigonos reached the region of the prince in one day together with Ptolemy. And Antigonos said to Ptolemy: ‘King Alexander, let us not be seen by the Bebrykians by day, in case the prince discovers and kills the woman. So let us break into the city by night and set fire to the houses: then the masses will rise and return Kandaules his wife. Our battle is not about the kingdom but about demanding back the woman.”
Here, the reference to breaking into a city at night and setting fire is not only a reference to the Trojan War, but likewise this passage even states that this is not a war about a kingdom, but about a woman. The mimesis of Helen’s abduction could not be more clear. Here is how the battle is described:
“So then they broke into the city by night, while the people were asleep, and set fire to the suburbs. And as they woke up and asked why the city was being set on fire, Alexander had the shout raised, ‘It is King Kandaules with a massive force, demanding you return his wife before I set your whole city on fire.’ They were surrounded and all advanced to the prince’s palace and by force of numbers broke it open. Kandaules’ wife was in bed with the prince: they dragged her away and returned her to Kandaules, and they killed the prince.”
Following this episode, Alexander continues to remain in disguise as Antigonos, and travels with Kandaules to visit his mother Kandake in his home country.
So, what we have here is a sort of miniature Trojan War inserted into the rest of the narrative of the Alexander Romance. Ancient readers would have certainly picked up on the reference. Alexander is modeled off of Odysseus, not only because he is in disguise (similar to how Odysseus disguises himself as a beggar in the Odyssey), but also because it is his idea to storm the city at night (just like Odysseus hatched the plan to attack Troy at night using the Trojan horse). I also think that this episode may utilize ring composition. The scene where Alexander drives out Philip’s marriage banquet is located at the beginning of the text in book one (chapter 21), whereas this second Homeric episode is located in book three (chapters 19-20), which is at the end of the biography. Both events compare Alexander to Odysseus.
It’s very interesting to apply mimesis criticism to ancient literature, since it shows how the kind of imitation that Dennis MacDonald suggests is in the Gospels (as well as the Testament of Abraham and Acts of Andrew) is certainly in other literature from the same period, such as the Alexander Romance.
|
<urn:uuid:b7c17363-dd68-494f-ae90-a389d9b20fe4>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://celsus.blog/2016/04/20/homeric-mimesis-in-the-alexander-romance/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320865.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626203042-20170626223042-00171.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969513
| 1,974
| 2.859375
| 3
|
Two or more notes played at the same time constitutes harmony, also known as a chord (also known as a “change” among jazz musicians).
B. Jazz Chords
Jazz chords are usually four to seven notes played simultaneously.
C. Chord Voicing
Each chord and each chord voicing (the way the notes are arranged) depict a different emotion, e.g., happy, sad, angry, hopeful, etc. (most can’t be labeled as the emotion they convey is beyond wording and different for every listener; “music is in the ears of the beholder”).
speakerspacer Chords and Chord Progressions – Mark Gridley
D. Chord Progression
A series of chords (known as a chord progression or simply the “changes”) accompanies the composed melodies of and improvisation on tunes (songs).
1. Although there are some chord progressions that are used over and over for several different tunes, most tunes have their own distinctive chord progression.
2. Jazz musicians (primarily pianists and guitarists since they are the ones who play chords) have the autonomy to voice chords (put the notes in a particular order from bottom to top) the way they want, add notes to chords, and substitute other chords for the original ones, all in order to make the music “hipper,” i.e., more up to date, better sounding, more “happening,” and more personal.
1. definition: the rhythmically syncopated playing of chords
2. pianists and guitarists comp the chords
3. the term comping comes from two words: to accompany and to complement; that is precisely what pianists and guitarists do: they accompany and complement the soloists.
speakerspacer Comping and Syncopation – Mark Gridley
|
<urn:uuid:d05ba137-2b79-4132-a7aa-d1fffe78c98b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://the24hourtala.wordpress.com/2012/05/30/hs-virtual-jazz-harmony/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320865.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626203042-20170626223042-00171.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945277
| 390
| 3.4375
| 3
|
Kid’s Dental of Colorado believes children and teens can benefit from the enamel-strengthening properties of regular fluoride treatments. Fluoride is a mineral medically endorsed by the dental community for treating and reversing the adverse effects of tooth decay. Working fluoride into a dental plan can significantly reduce the risk of cavities in your child.
What Is Fluoride?
Fluoride is an element found naturally in the earth, in food and in water. It is commonly added to community water supplies in the United States and drastically improves the dental health of the members of those communities. Fluoride also is added to toothpaste and mouthwash products, due to its beneficial effects.
How Does Fluoride Help Teeth?
During the day, children consume all types of foods and drinks. Many of these substances contain sugar and become stuck on or in between teeth. If it is not removed quickly, the sugar feeds bacterial growth on the surfaces of teeth, creating plaque and acids that eat away at the enamel that protects the inner parts of each tooth. This process is called demineralization and leads to tooth decay.
Fluoride can stop demineralization in its tracks. When fluoride is consumed or applied directly to the decayed area, it rebuilds the enamel protection. This is called remineralization. It is best to use fluoridated products before tooth decay occurs to help prevent the chance of damage, but fluoride consumed at any point in the decay process can restore children’s teeth to good health.
Who Benefits from Fluoride Treatments?
Everyone benefits from the added support and protection fluoride provides, but children with severe tooth decay or a family history of repeated cavities will see the most drastic difference. As children’s teeth develop, fluoride is a useful ally in preserving both primary and adult teeth as they erupt and grow.
Explore Our Treatment Options
Kid’s Dental can apply fluoride topically to your children’s teeth in either a foam or gel in our office during regular cleaning appointments. Chewable fluoride tablets can also be prescribed to increase the child’s daily intake of the mineral.
Our dental team will offer recommendations as to the best fluoridated toothpaste and mouthwash, depending on your child’s age and needs. Fluoride is completely safe when administered in moderate, select amounts, according to the condition of the teeth. Trust Kid’s Dental to provide excellent fluoride treatment service for your family throughout their growing years.
|
<urn:uuid:0b350b26-c70c-4e95-bcaf-ea1453fd0cc3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.coloradokidsdental.com/fluoride-treatments/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321458.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627152510-20170627172510-00251.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948377
| 519
| 3.09375
| 3
|
This week I am not going to show you pretty windows adorned with flower boxes and frilly curtains, or even brightly coloured and ornate windows. No this time I am taking you back in time to when Europeans arrived here. It was a harsh and inhospitable country and they had to create dwellings with what was available. Trees had to be cut down by hand, mud bricks made laboriously one at a time. In the tropics and sub-tropics it was quickly found that termites would invade and destroy the wooden buildings.
The climate was so different from the countries they came from. Summer heat and humidity, torrential rains, floods, tornadoes, drought. Life offered very few home comforts. Out of necessity a style of house was designed to try to overcome as many of these difficulties as possible. So developed a style of house that became known as a “Queenslander”. The primary reason for the development of the Queenslander was the climate. The long hot summer days often ended with a torrential downpour. A house with wide verandahs that provided shelter from these conditions was essential. The importance of the verandahs as an architectural element in a tropical Australian house cannot be underestimated. The rooves were tin and steep pitched. When it rained the sound was deafening.
In the early colonial days glass was almost impossible to get. With the high temperatures year round it was not a necessity, but shutters were needed to keep out the rain and batten down when tornadoes struck.
I found this Queenslander at Pine Creek in Queensland’s outback. It was built on railway land in the late 1800’s for the station masters family. Wood was hard to come by in the outback and corrugated iron was an easily transported material often used. Imagine how hot it would be. This one had the verandah built-in, but more often they were left open to catch the slightest breeze.
As time went by the houses were improved, but the basic design of wide verandahs, steep rooves and built to catch any breeze remained. Until recently when with air-conditioning the verandah was no longer so necessary, families would put on the aircon and stay inside during the heat of the day.
Sitting outside on the back deck of a Queenslander designed home as the sun goes down, with a glass of wine and the mossie coils on, I consider to be one of life’s simple pleasures.
Dawn from ” The day after” has a challenge to find windows and post them each week. I love these Word Press challenges they open your eyes to the world around you. I also enjoy looking through all the other interesting and varied windows from around the world. Go to Dawns link, you may have some windows you can show us.
|
<urn:uuid:36524535-d664-4841-9500-0bce09fee8fb>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://memoriesaremadeofthisblog.wordpress.com/2013/09/30/lingering-look-at-windows-pioneer-times/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321458.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627152510-20170627172510-00251.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.98351
| 585
| 2.96875
| 3
|
Of all the figures in western history perhaps the most memorable are the Mountain Men. Free Trappers and Free
Spirits, they fought the Indians, lived with the Indians, and often became Indians themselves. The Mountain Men - at least
those who lived long enough to earn the title of "Hivernant" - were masters of woodscraft and survival.
The older of the pair has taken on the Indian culture. He wears Hard Soled Plains Moccasins, Western Leggings, and
a War Shirt. His Russell Knife rests in a Tack Sheath supported by a tack decorated belt. He is wearing a
fringed hivernant shooting bag and powder horn, and wears a black silk head scarf. A gage d'amour holds
a reed stem pipe and tobacco. Warm and snug at the fire, he knows better than to brave the
chill of a Rocky Mountain winter.
His younger companion - who got the cold, dirty job of checking the trap line - still retains many of the vestiges
of civilization. He wears Hard Soled Moccasins, buckskin trousers, and a cotton Trapper Shirt. A heavy
plains style capote with a hood, sash and mittens dull the bitter edge of the wind. A North Plains Gun Cover
protects his Leman Rifle. Powder and ball are stored in a Pennsylvania Bag and horn.
The era of the Mountain Men, the rendezvou, and the beaver trade was brief, but during it a continent was won.
|
<urn:uuid:96fecf6e-0687-498d-ba17-c9bef9d0901f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://lapelleterie.com/LaPelleterieMountainMen.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323604.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628101910-20170628121910-00331.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955441
| 322
| 2.890625
| 3
|
A friend and a mommy of two had come over for tea and we were talking. It had rained and a few puddles had formed.
I had a brilliant idea. “Why don’t we make some paper boats, so the kids can have some fun!” I asked my friend. Her reply wasn’t encouraging at all. She wanted to know why I wanted to take a risk.
“I would never let my kids do that”.
I mean, who knows what all germs and diseases you are willingly exposing your kids to? I looked at her kids who were blissfully unaware of the discussion we were having, for they were lost in their own virtual worlds. One was playing a game that was the current rage and the younger one was listening to rhymes on his tablet.They were content with their screen friends. But would they be happy with these friends once they experience the magic of the great outdoors?
How does playing outdoors help?
Playing outside can help our kids in a number of ways. It offers the following:
#1. Fresh air
If your child plays outdoors, then they will benefit from the fresh air and the natural light.This practice will also help the child to be closer to nature and make him/her learn to appreciate nature better.
Playing inside the house has certain disadvantages. I discovered it the hard way, after I tried playing cricket inside the house with my brother. Apart from records, we broke my mom’s priced porcelain bowl. She couldn’t kick us out, so we were asked to take the game outside.
Playing outdoors gives you more space and freedom to play without worrying about breaking household equipment. In short they can walk, run, do cartwheels (if the space permits), yell etc.
#3. Physical well being
Obesity seems to be a common childhood problem nowadays. Lack of outdoor play combined with a love for junk food leads to obesity.
Playing outdoors can make them strong physically and strengthen their immune system. So let them run, it would only make them stronger.
#4. Emotional well being
Playing outdoors can bring down stress. Don’t get alarmed, but our little ones can get stressed too. Exams, competitions in school can get them worked up but a little outdoor play can help to ease those tiny childhood tensions.
#5. Social skills
Playing outdoors, especially in parks will teach valuable lesson in social skills and will teach them how to behave in a group.
They can also learn to accept defeat and celebrate wins with humility. Younger kids can learn from older kids in the group. Kids also learn to take care of younger ones. This is helpful in today’s times when there are a lot of families with single kids.
You can childproof your house but not outside. This can be good too, for the child will learn to take care of themselves. Playing outside will also teach them to be independent. (Make sure you give them lessons on safety though).
Safety while playing outside
Despite the many benefits, why don’t we send our kids outside to play?
The major concern most parents have when it comes to their kids playing outside is – safety. While many parents don’t like their kids sitting cooped up in front of the TV/laptop/tablet but they want to keep their kids safe from illnesses, injuries, strangers etc.
So how can you ensure that your kid is completely safe while he/she is spending time outdoors?
When your kid is playing outside, ensure the following-
- Mosquito repellents
While you can’t protect your child from every illness, you definitely can protect them from the ones that are spread by mosquitoes by using a good mosquito repellent. I use Good Knight Fabric Roll-on mosquito repellent as my LO hates creams! Just 4 dots on her clothes and she stays protected!
Get a good sunscreen lotion that will protect your child from the harmful UV rays so that he/she can play outside without having to worry. My kid hates it, but I use it without fail.
- Appropriate clothing
Ensure that your child is wearing clothes apt for the outdoors. For small kids, you can avoid shoes with laces or hoodies with drawstrings. Kids can trip on shoelaces if they don’t know how to tie it well. The drawstrings can be a hazard too!
- Protective gear
If your child is planning to go cycling/skating make sure they have the helmet and knee and elbow guards on. The same applies for other games too.
Keep an eye on your child every now and then.
- Talk to your kids about safety
If you are not around to supervise your child, make sure that you give them a talk on safety. You will have to reiterate it every day, but it is important. Teach them to stick to the group and not to leave the group without telling others.
Also teach them to share and to use the playground equipment responsibly.
- Do not touch any insects or eat any unknown fruits
Exploring nature is fun, but teach them to be careful while doing so.
How to get your kid to play outdoors?
The most important question that moms have been itching to ask – “How do I pry my kid’s glance from the screen and get him/her to enjoy the outdoors?
The answer is simpler than you thought. All it takes is a bit of effort from your side!
Simple things you can do to ensure this are
#1. Stop treating the screen as a baby sitter. Screen time won’t give you the same benefits as interaction with a human being.
#2. Start early. Once the kids develop a habit of sitting indoors in front TVs and laptops, it will be difficult to get them to stop.
#3. Teach them games you played as a kid.
#4. Organize treasure hunts if you stay in an independent house / villa. The more space you have, the more fun it would be for the kids!
#5. Make art with things they collect from outside. Eg: A jar of pretty pebbles, shell art, painted twigs that can go into a vase. Don’t forget to ask them to help.
#6. Join in while they have fun outside. Be an active participant in their games, slowly you can distance yourself as they grow older, have friends and can play without supervision.
#7. Organize play dates outside the house.
#8. For kids who are the indoor kinds and prefer reading to playing, you can create a reading nook outside. For exercise, they can join you in your gardening activities.
#9. Encourage them to cycle/skate.
#10. Take them for walks. You can also ask them to keep a nature diary with details of trees/animals/birds that they see everyday.
#11. If you stay in a place that has no outdoor space for your child to play, visit the nearby park few times a week.
Our childhood was fun! Handcrafted marvels made from coconut fronds, shells, twigs, leaves etc got prominence over store bought ones. But now, our perceptions have changed. Somehow we ended up believing that outdoor play eats into the study time. But in reality it is not so. Playing outdoors can help your child develop physically and mentally. So let them be kids and let them play!!!
Moms, how do you encourage your children to play outside? How do you keep them safe while they play outdoors? What are the safety rules you have in place for them? Share with us!
|
<urn:uuid:f42941e0-8741-4617-a4f9-d7e5a3301876>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.bumpsnbaby.com/great-outdoors/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323604.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628101910-20170628121910-00331.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971595
| 1,606
| 2.890625
| 3
|
Local cheeses at Neal’s Yard, one of London’s great cheese shops.
Clifton Fadiman described cheese as “Milk’s leap to immortality.” In a way, cheese has in turn immortalized other things—how many towns are known primarily because of the famous cheeses that come from them (Cheddar, England, for example, or Gouda, Holland)?
It probably won’t come as a surprise that cheese has been around for a long time. Cows, sheep, goats, yaks, and buffalo were being milked long before refrigeration was available. So cheese making, along with other forms of milk fermentation, from yoghurt to buttermilk, date back pretty much to the dawn of animal domestication, at least among cultures that consume milk.
It’s not really known when the first cheese was made, but evidence suggests a prehistoric genesis, with cheese well established by the time people began writing things down. Cave paintings in the Libyan Sahara from 5000 BC or earlier show what many scholars believe to be cheese making, and milk-curdling vessels dating to this same period have been found on the shore of Lake Neufchatel in Switzerland. Ancient Sumerian bas-reliefs from about 3500 BC show the milking of cows and curdling of milk. Actual remnants of cheese have been found in Egyptian tombs dating to around 3000 BC. And cheese is mentioned several times in the Old Testament.
Cheese making was probably somewhat haphazard until the happy discovery of rennet, a substance found in the stomachs of young mammals that causes milk to curdle, most likely discovered because cleaned animal stomachs made such useful bags for carrying milk (ah, the good old days). With rennet, cheese making became a lot easier and a lot more popular.
Cheese was a staple in ancient Greece and Rome. Apicius described dishes made with cheese (caseus in Latin) when recording the dining habits of Imperial Rome, and cheese appears in Homer’s Odyssey. By the time of the ancient Romans, the ripening process had been developed, and it was well known that flavor and other characteristics could be altered by varying treatment and storage conditions. Larger Roman houses even had a separate kitchen just for cheese, the caseale, as well as special areas where cheese could be matured. Homemade cheeses could be taken to special shops to be smoked.
While it was popular among the nobility, cheese was also generally included among the rations given to the legions of soldiers spreading out across the Empire. The Roman spread of caseus is somewhat traceable linguistically, with so many languages (even non-Romance languages) having words derived from the Latin: Spanish (queso), Portuguese (queijo), Dutch (kaas), German (käse), and English (cheese). (It is theorized that the aberrations, France’s fromage, Italy’s formaggio, and Catalonia’s formatge come from the names of molded, or formed, cheeses. This theory seems to be reinforced by the fact that in Spain, there is a mold used in making cheese called a formaje.)
By the time of Charlemagne’s reign (768–814), France was already developing fine fromages. By the beginning of the 1400s, Charles d’Orléans, father of Louis XII, was ordering Bries by the dozen to give as New Year presents.
In Italy, the Latin caseus lived on in family names in some regions, suggesting an unbroken line from the traditions of ancient Rome. Fontina, which in “patois” means “cheese,” appeared in the 1200s. It is mentioned by name in the first book about cheese, the Summa Lacticiniorum by Pantaleone da Confienza, which was published in 1477. Further evidence of the growing Italian cheese trade can be seen in a 1480 fresco of a cheese-maker’s shop at the castle of Issogne.
In Britain, Cheshire cheese is considered the oldest named cheese. It may actually trace its lineage to invading Romans, who made cheese in Cheshire. Cheshire cheese was mentioned in the Domesday Book at the end of 11th Century. Wensleydale (for all you fans of Wallace and Grommet) also possesses an ancient pedigree, with a recipe that can be traced back to the Cistercian monks who came to England with William the Conqueror in 1066. Cheddar cheese was being aged in the caves of Cheddar Gorge by the 1400s, though the earliest known reference to this cheese was made in 1170, when a purchase of more than 10,000 pounds of Cheddar cheese appeared in the expense account of Henry II.
Across the regions that would become Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Germany, and the rest of Europe cheese making developed and was refined. It had the multiple benefits of being an easy way to store milk and a delightful way to survive fast days, when meat was forbidden.
At the beginning of the Middle Ages, cheese making was the work of everyone from monks to homemakers. Not only did towns have their own varieties, even individual farms had their own specialty cheeses. However, people began to appreciate the work-saving aspects of shared resources, and the first cooperative dairies were formed, with entire villages or even regions combining their milk and sharing the cheese. The first such cooperative recorded was in Déservilliers, France, in 1267.
Oddly enough, on the continent, cheese lost its exalted place in the culinary hierarchy during the Renaissance. Folks feared it was unhealthful. But fortunately, that foolishness didn’t last long, and by the 1800s, cheese was again in favor. Also during the 1800s, the world saw the beginning of the move from farm production to factories.
Not too surprisingly, cheese came to North America with European settlers, and cheese making was common in colonial households, particularly in New England, where cooler weather offered some possibility of preserving a cheese for a while. While most cheeses in the U.S. have traditionally been imitations of European cheeses, Brick, Jack, and Colby are American originals, dating to the late 1800s. But the cheeses that are recognized as the best in the U.S. are more commonly reflections, if not exact imitations, of older European cheeses. Interestingly, cheese making, and cheese consumption, did not spread throughout the Americas, and remains confined pretty much to North America. (Mexico is pretty much alone among Latin American countries in its love of cheese.)
So check out your local cheese shop or the cheese counter at a good store, and enjoy a wedge of cheese. It’s not just a good source of calcium and protein; it’s a piece of history.
[This story appeared in a slightly different form in Hungry Magazine]
©2008 Cynthia Clampitt
|
<urn:uuid:7a4a43d6-9c44-4239-9eff-d9c679061a35>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://worldsfare.wordpress.com/2008/03/20/yes-sir-cheese-my-baby/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323604.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628101910-20170628121910-00331.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.976529
| 1,466
| 3.296875
| 3
|
DARPA and Boston Dynamics’s humanoid robot PETMAN was completed in 2011 to walk like a man. Now, it has been upgraded to climb stairs like a man and do an impressive round of push-ups.
Check out PETMAN’s new tricks:
Before you get creeped out and think PETMAN was created to take over the world, the Huffington Post points out according to Boston Dynamics’s website the robot was created to test chemical protection clothing. Boston Dynamics states:
Unlike previous suit testers, which had to be supported mechanically and had a limited repertoire of motion, PETMAN will balance itself and move freely; walking, crawling and doing a variety of suit-stressing calisthenics during exposure to chemical warfare agents. PETMAN will also simulate human physiology within the protective suit by controlling temperature, humidity and sweating when necessary, all to provide realistic test conditions.
Natural, agile movement is essential for PETMAN to simulate how a soldier stresses protective clothing under realistic conditions. The robot will have the shape and size of a standard human, making it the first anthropomorphic robot that moves dynamically like a real person.
PETMAN took 13 months to design and 17 months to build, not including the more recent refinements that have allowed it to climb stairs or do push-ups. Although you may think climbing stairs isn’t really that big of a deal, in the world of free-standing bipedal robots, having the balance necessarily to perform tasks such as stairs or rough terrain is more difficult than you would imagine.
DARPA has also recently announced its Robotics Challenge, set to take place in October 2012 with a grand prize of $2 million for the team who can help meet the disaster recovery mission goals. According to the press release about the challenge, teams will compete in disaster-response scenarios where the robot will perform tasks similar to those necessary to meet real-world disaster-response requirements.
Read more about the competition here.
|
<urn:uuid:6614d32d-bd98-4f94-9628-fc8e2c64fef0>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2012/04/16/darpas-humanoid-robot-can-drop-and-give-you-20/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323870.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629051817-20170629071817-00411.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95842
| 401
| 2.734375
| 3
|
Rappers’ brains shift when freestyling, says study
Freestyle rap, an improvised style of the music genre associated with back-to-front baseball caps, baggy jeans and gold chains, has burst onto the science stage, shedding light on the workings of the brain.
Researchers at the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders in the United States have examined freestyle rappers’ brains to see which areas light up during the creative phase.
The stream-of-consciousness singing style involves artists making up lyrics on the spot, guided by a background, instrumental beat.
The scientists considered it a good way to study the “initial, improvisatory phase at the interface of music and language”.
Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the researchers compared the freestyle brain photos with those captured when the rappers repeated well-rehearsed lyrics.
They noticed a “functional reorganisation” during the freestyle phase in the singers’ prefrontal cortex — an area of the brain associated with complex cognitive behaviour and decision making.
These changes, they write in the journal Nature Scientific Reports, may aid spontaneous creativity by modifying systems that regulate attention, language and motor control.
[Photo credit: Shahril Affandi]
|
<urn:uuid:b8a5119c-87c4-4b5d-b81e-a1a323f741a3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.rawstory.com/2012/11/rappers-brains-shift-when-freestyling-says-study/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323870.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629051817-20170629071817-00411.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.885795
| 258
| 2.609375
| 3
|
Starting and Implementing a STEM Program
About the STEM Immersion Guide and STEM Implementation Guide (below)
The STEM Immersion Guide was created as a tool to help educators establish and implement for 21st century schools and classrooms in Arizona. It is written as an over-arching framework to help chart a course for integrating STEM education in Arizona schools and districts. The STEM Immersion Guide contains key design elements that support project-based, interdisciplinary STEM instruction by providing practical tools and information to enable teachers, schools and districts, and administrators that want to improve student outcomes by integrating STEM.
Where do I get started?
Starting and implementing a STEM program will be an exciting adventure for everyone involved! The Arizona STEM Network, in partnership with Maricopa County Education Service Agency (MCESA), has created a four level STEM Immersion Guide--Exploratory, Introductory, Partial Immersion, Full Immersion-- to lead you through the process.
Stem Implementation Guides
The "Roadmaps" offered below provide a check-off list for planning and implementing your STEM Program. The accompanying videos provide targeted information on the four levels of STEM Immersion.
Science Foundation Arizona (SFAz) and the AZ STEM Network created the STEM Implementation Guide as a "how-to checklist” for implementing the four models found within the STEM Immersion Guide. This guide provides schools with a timeline for planning, implementing and facilitating a STEM program from the Exploratory Model up through the Full Immersion Model. The guide’s checklist is an organizational tool to drive program development. This guide will also provide the processes used to gather qualitative and quantitative data elements and observations necessary to evaluate effective STEM schools/programs.
|
<urn:uuid:486f89a7-0e81-4fa3-acb5-4100e5b7d74f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://stem.sfaz.org/page/startandimplement/Starting-and-Implementing-a-STEM-Program.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319933.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622234435-20170623014435-00050.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.874705
| 346
| 3.28125
| 3
|
As had been mentioned when we talk about villains what we really mean is antagonist. Villain suggests outright evil whereas antagonist simply means, in ‘in opposition to’. For example, an annoying neighbour who parks their car too close to yours or plays music too loudly is not a villain intent on ruling the world but they are an antagonist, in a story told from your protagonist perspective.
In a previous article we have discussed that an antagonist is the hero of their own story and in another that a villain’s villainy shouldn’t be based on a stereotype. But nor does villainy need to be a huge and dramatic action, it doesn’t even need to be a person. Your protagonist’s antagonist could be an object, possessed cars are popular, or something as abstract as life itself because nothing can go right for them. Aging could be the antagonist of the story for a character who always wants to be young, aging is not itself an evil thing, it doesn’t actively try to harm the protagonist but it can still be something that the protagonist struggles against. A protagonist can make a big change in their life because they feel it is stagnating, once again this is an abstract where stagnation is not actively trying to harm the character, it might not even exist, it is something that the character feels to be true and strives against.
Another way to look at it might be to imagine you’re telling the story of a toddler learning to put shapes through the right holes in a model. They may be trying to get the cube to go through the round hole and it just won’t fit. The model is not doing anything to the toddler but it is in opposition to the toddler until they work out that they’re trying to put the cube through the wrong hole and put it through the right one. The antagonist is defeated and the conflict overcome.
So when we look at the concept of villainy through a lenses of being antagonistic we realise that ‘the villain’ can be a multitude of things or people, and they/it might not even realise they are an antagonist to the protagonist. I once saw a man stopped at traffic light pipping his horn furiously at the lights. In his story the lights were his antagonist but I don’t think they knew that.
In this way we may look at finding the antagonist of our story by asking ourselves; what is the worst thing that could happen to the protagonist? What are they fighting against? What do they fear most?
If I were to look at the weekly serial through such a lens then I might say: The worst thing that could happen to Charlotte is she could go back to the workhouse. Therefore she fights against going back to the workhouse because that is what she fears most. From such a perspective the overarching antagonist of the story becomes the workhouse, an institution, rather than a physical person.
This begs the question: What will the protagonist do in their fight against the antagonistic force? How far will they go?
Hmmm. Here we seem to have a question that not only makes protagonists but villains too.
For more writing advice see my archive page.
|
<urn:uuid:996835f4-f048-40fc-a290-0b39be2bb9bf>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://jessesstudio.wordpress.com/2016/12/07/cue-cackle/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319933.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622234435-20170623014435-00050.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973486
| 652
| 2.875
| 3
|
You have an ad blocker! We understand, but...
PoetrySoup is a small privately owned website. Our means of support comes from advertising revenue. We want to keep PoetrySoup alive, make it better, and keep it free. Please support us by disabling your ad blocker
on PoetrySoup. See how to enable ads
while keeping your ad blocker active. Also, did you know you can become a PoetrySoup Lifetime Premium Member
and block ads forever...while getting many more great
features. Take a look!
One afternoon the last week in April
Showing Kai how to throw a hatchet
One-half turn and it sticks in a stump.
He recalls the hatchet-head
Without a handle, in the shop
And go gets it, and wants it for his own.
A broken-off axe handle behind the door
Is long enough for a hatchet,
We cut it to length and take it
With the hatchet head
And working hatchet, to the wood block.
There I begin to shape the old handle
With the hatchet, and the phrase
First learned from Ezra Pound
Rings in my ears!
"When making an axe handle
the pattern is not far off.
And I say this to Kai
"Look: We'll shape the handle
By checking the handle
Of the axe we cut with—"
And he sees.
And I hear it again:
It's in Lu Ji's We Fu, fourth century
"Essay on Literature" - in the
Preface: "In making the handle
Of an axe
By cutting wood with an axe
The model is indeed near at hand.
My teacher Shih-hsiang Chen
Translated that and taught it years ago
And I see: Pound was an axe,
Chen was an axe, I am an axe
And my son a handle, soon
To be shaping again, model
And tool, craft of culture,
How we go on.
| Best Poems | Short Poems
Email Poem |
Top Gary Snyder Poems
Analysis and Comments on Axe Handles
Provide your analysis, explanation, meaning, interpretation, and comments on the poem Axe Handles here.
|
<urn:uuid:3c40b4fc-9f28-4574-a4cf-44a4b2df1755>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.poetrysoup.com/famous/poem/axe_handles_12269
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319933.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622234435-20170623014435-00050.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.915527
| 473
| 2.6875
| 3
|
Helping STEM students understand their learning
In this workshop you will be introduced to a learning framework used in this OLT National T&L Fellowship and participate in a typical learning activity using resources developed as part of the Fellowship.
The objective of this learning activity is to help students, particularly STEM students, think about how they learn and develop their identity.
Dr. Anne Gardner will be running this free workshop in the following locations:
Sydney date to come.
|
<urn:uuid:8520daab-018a-4b80-8198-f6f8b20cc43c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://aaee.net.au/index.php/news1/news/250-olt-fellowship-workshops
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320130.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623184505-20170623204505-00131.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952656
| 95
| 2.625
| 3
|
Two different types of frog have the key to channeling and stopping blood flow to different areas of the body. It may change medicine as we know it.
Tumors are seen as an invading enemy in the body; spreading and destroying. Like any other enemy invasion, tumors need practical support to keep going. Once a tumor gets big enough, it has to nourish itself with blood to stay alive. Either it can monopolize an existing blood vessel, or it has to get blood vessels to grow into it and keep it supplied. The growth of new blood vessels is called angiogenesis, and around five billion dollars has been spent in pursuit of some way to control it. It's possible that that control has been hopping by this whole time.
The waxy monkey frog is a tree frog in Central and South America. When it needs to get around, it doesn't hop, but swings like a monkey from branch to branch. It appears wax-dipped because it secretes a waxy substance to reflect light and protect itself from the heat. In that substance, collected by scientists, is a protein that can simply switch off angiogenesis. It can also stop the growth of existing blood vessels. Almost any encroaching growth in a body needs blood. These proteins could starve tumors to death, or just keep them so small that was a terminal illness will soon be an annoying, but treatable, condition.
Meanwhile, the giant fire-bellied toad of China, secretes a substance that switches on angiogenesis. This could help stroke and transplant patients oxygenate starved tissue. Simply grow new blood vessels to a damaged area, or widen existing ones. The combination of the two frog proteins could have us one day mapping out and building blood vessels like city planners building up a neighborhood. Or it could lead to a race of amphibious frog people.
Either way, it's cool.
|
<urn:uuid:a4dcae10-3883-4399-8e9f-333ec0d255b7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://io9.gizmodo.com/5809021/soon-the-frogs-will-control-how-our-blood-flows?tag=frogs
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320263.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624133941-20170624153941-00211.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958562
| 385
| 3.296875
| 3
|
Weight loss surgeries are relatively safer than previously thought, finds a new study.
The Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-1) revealed that short-term complications and death rates were low following bariatric surgery to limit the amount of food that can enter the stomach, decrease absorption of food or both.
Less than 1 percent of patients died within 30 days of surgery, further supporting the short-term safety of bariatric surgery as a treatment for patients with extreme obesity.
"Evaluating the 30-day safety outcomes of bariatric surgery in large populations is an essential step forward," the New England Medical Journal quoted co-author Myrlene Staten, M.D., senior advisor for diabetes translation research at NIDDK, part of NIH as saying.
"And LABS-1 data are from all patients who had their procedure performed by a surgeon participating in the study, not from just a select few patients," the expert added.
The major types of surgery undergone by participants in this study included laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
During the study, the researchers followed 4, 776 patients who had bariatric surgery for the first time, evaluating complications and death rates within the first 30 days after surgery.
Within 30 days of surgery, 4.1 percent of patients had at least one major adverse outcome, defined as death, development of blood clots in the deep veins of the legs or in the pulmonary artery of the lungs, repeat surgeries, or failure to be discharged from the hospital within 30 days of surgery.
Thirty-day mortality was low, ranging from no deaths in the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band group, to 0.2 percent in the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group, to 2.1 percent in those undergoing open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
The overall risk of complications also varied by procedure.
"There is a real need to determine safe and effective treatments for patients with extreme obesity and its associated medical conditions," said Susan Z. Yanovski, M.D., a co-author of the paper and co-director of NIDDK's Office of Obesity Research.
"This study's results can help patients and physicians make informed decisions about potential risks and benefits of bariatric surgery," she added.
|
<urn:uuid:95055465-500c-4d95-8622-5c4178f06f45>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.medindia.net/news/Bariatric-Surgery-Safer-Than-Previously-Thought-Study-55703-1.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320263.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624133941-20170624153941-00211.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957994
| 496
| 2.5625
| 3
|
The People Speak: American Voices, Some Famous, Some Little Known: Dramatic Readings Celebrating the Enduring Spirit of Dissent (Paperback)
To celebrate the millionth copy sold of Howard Zinn's great People's History of the United States, Zinn drew on the words of Americans -- some famous, some little known -- across the range of American history. These words were read by a remarkable cast at an event held at the 92nd Street YMHA in New York City that included James Earl Jones, Alice Walker, Jeff Zinn, Kurt Vonnegut, Alfre Woodard, Marisa Tomei, Danny Glover, Myla Pitt, Harris Yulin, and Andre Gregory.
From that celebration, this book was born. Collected here under one cover is a brief history of America told through dramatic readings applauding the enduring spirit of dissent.
Here in their own words, and interwoven with commentary by Zinn, are Columbus on the Arawaks; Plough Jogger, a farmer and participant in Shays' Rebellion; Harriet Hanson, a Lowell mill worker; Frederick Douglass; Mark Twain; Mother Jones; Emma Goldman; Helen Keller; Eugene V. Debs; Langston Hughes; Genova Johnson Dollinger on a sit-down strike at General Motors in Flint, Michigan; an interrogation from a 1953 HUAC hearing; Fannie Lou Hamer, a sharecropper and member of the Freedom Democratic Party; Malcolm X; and James Lawrence Harrington, a Gulf War resister, among others.
|
<urn:uuid:941a4dfd-cbf5-432d-91cd-93646e82bc86>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.squarebooks.com/book/9780060578268
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320263.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624133941-20170624153941-00211.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.894217
| 316
| 2.546875
| 3
|
Among the numerous successful episodes of Free Banking, the Hong Kong episode is rarely cited as a relevant one. Not surprisingly, because the austrian economists (the free bankers) themselves seem to consider the period of free banking (1935-1964) has never been free at all. Schuler (1992, p. 39) is an illustration of that belief :
Hong Kong ended free banking in 1935 in the wake of China’s unexpected decision to abandon the silver standard, which disrupted the basis of their trade. The government confiscated the banks’ silver, and tied the Hong Kong dollar loosely to the British pound, which itself was no longer convertible into gold at a fixed rate. (The Experience of Free Banking, ch. 2)
According to the Hong Kong Museum of History, the Hong Kong dollar was legal tender :
Under the Currency Ordinance of 1935, banknotes in denominations of 5 dollars and above issued by the three authorised local banks, (the Mercantile Bank of India Limited, the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China and the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation) were all declared legal tender.
Why should we focus our attention on the Hong Kong episode ? The regulations in place were likely to foster a huge credit expansion and other bad banking practices but despite of these bad incentives, the free banking episode in question was spared from banking or economic crisis.
Kam Hon Chu published an enlightening article (1996) for the Cato institute. He compares the bank failures rate of Hong Kong, Canada and United States. The US banking system is a regulated one with deposit insurance. The canadian banking system is a regulated one but it had no deposit insurance until 1967. The chinese banking system was the freest and the less regulated of the three in study. He comes to the conclusion that the canadian and chinese banking system were less prone to bank failures, as illustrated by the table below (see pp. 4-5 for an explanation of the results displayed in the table) :
During the period 1935-64, the Hong Kong banking system was virtually unregulated, whereas the Canadian system was regulated, and the U.S. system was regulated and subject to federal deposit insurance. Banking was not completely free in Hong Kong because the right to issue banknotes was restricted to only three private commercial banks, whereas the supply of coins and notes of small denominations was monopolized by the Hong Kong Government. Nonetheless, there was free trade in banking in the sense that supplies of deposits and loans were competitive and largely unrestricted. Furthermore, Hong Kong had no deposit insurance and no central bank; neither a discount window nor an official lender of last resort existed. At the same time, banking regulations were very lenient. The first Banking Ordinance was passed in 1948. But except an annual licence fee of HK$ 5,000, banks were not subject to any restrictions, such as minimum capital-asset ratios, reserve ratios, or liquidity ratios. More stringent banking regulations were not imposed until the Banking Ordinance of 1964 was passed on October 16, 1964. …
The downtrend in the number of banks in Hong Kong over the 1948-58 period (see Table 1) was due to both economic and noneconomic factors. Nonetheless, this downtrend did not result in any reported losses to depositors or turmoil to the financial system, so banks that left the industry are not counted as failed banks in this study. While there were no bank failures during this period, there was a short-lived run on the Liu Chong Hing Bank, a medium-sized local bank, in June 1961, partly due to the liquidity squeeze arising from the oversubscription of rights and new issues on the local stock market and unfavourable clearings suffered by small banks. It ended after the Liu Chong Hing Bank had reportedly used its real estate holdings on a purely commercial basis to secure advances from the two largest note-issuing banks (Jao 1974: 238-40). …
Both Hong Kong and Canada were, and still are, major trading partners of the United States, and the business cycles of these three economies moved closely together.
At first glance, the above table suggests that the regulated banking (without deposit insurance) is just as stable as the free banking system. But regulations is likely to reduce economic growth and the efficiency of intermediation. In other words, growth would have been higher without regulations. Concerning the US banking system at that time, the fact that “fixed” deposit insurance leads to more frequent and serious financial crisis is well informed by Kam Hon Chu (2011). In addition, Kam Hon Chu (1996) noted :
While deposit insurance reduces or eliminates the systemic risk due to contagious bank runs, it also induces a moral hazard problem by encouraging banks to take excess risk (Kane 1985). Moreover, it is not obvious if the systemic risk is reduced when the deposit insurance fund is insufficient to cover depositors’ losses. For instance, there were runs in 1985 on the Home State Saving Bank and 70 other thrifts insured by the Ohio Deposit Guarantee Fund following the Home State’s reported loan loss of $140 million, exceeding the fund’s $136 million in reserves.
… the state governments would have been more credible insurers only if they had been perceived as ready and able to finance (by borrowing or taxing) whatever amount was necessary to replenish the insurance fund. The same is true of federal deposit insurance.
Even though economic downturns are related to bank failures, the period under study is relatively stable. Hong Kong and Canada experienced higher growth rate, but Kam Hon Chu notes that bank failures occurred in United States regardless of economic cycles. Another critical point is to consider that the causality is likely to run in the opposite direction : a good banking system leads to higher economic growth.
Soon after the Banking Ordinance of 1964 was passed, a banking crisis occurred, precisely at the beginning of 1965. As we shall see, it were the Banking Ordinance and the government intervention that caused the crisis, not the so-called “overbanking”.
During the period of free banking it seems that nevertheless one bank “failed” in 1952, according to Catherine Schenk (2006). Unfortunately, she did not provide any detail about the closing yet it does not threaten the banking system as a whole. It was of little importance.
One bank closed in 1952 after it ‘was besieged by its creditors when it failed to open its doors’ after the New Year holiday.
She also notes the closure of the Chiu Tai Bank in 1963. But its cause stems from fraudulent operations, not overexpansion :
One case in the early 1960s (between the two banking crises, when it must be assumed that public confidence was fragile) was Chiu Tai Bank, whose offices were raided by the police in November 1963 because of allegations of fraud associated with a series of dishonoured cheques. 50 The bank came under scrutiny by the Deputy Economic Secretary, TD Sorby, in October 1961 when the Registrar General alerted him that the balance sheet for 1960 suggested the bank might be insolvent. … The incompetent or perhaps fraudulent operation of a small bank was not sufficient to cause systemic problems.
Most critics of the free banking fail to distinguish between a localized and a wide-scale bank failure. It should thus be clarified once more that an isolated banking failure is unlikely to threaten the banking system as a whole (Selgin, 1988, pp. 29-30, 115).
Through a clearinghouse banks can also share information concerning forgeries, bounced checks, and the like. Clearinghouses may also conduct independent audits of member banks to assure each member bank that the others are worthy clearing partners. …
Note and deposit exchange rates would reflect potentials for capital losses depending on the soundness of underlying bank loans and investments. Chapter 2 showed how note brokerage systematically eliminates note-discounting except when it is based on risk-default generally acknowledged by professional note dealers, including banks themselves. In short, note brokerage produces information on bank-specific risk. … After confirming through the newspaper that there is no discount on the notes he holds, a bank customer would feel no urge to redeem them in a hurry.
As such, isolated bank failures contribute to the efficiency of financial markets because they enable resources to be better reallocated, besides keeping the surviving banks in alert. As Kam Hon Chu (2011) explained :
As long as a run is on an individual bank but not on the banking system as a whole, deposits are just redistributed from the bank that is perceived by depositors as more risky, and hence run on, to other safer and financially sound banks.
Now, the common explanation for the banking crisis of 1965 is the collapse of the property market that had imploded in the 1950s. For instance, the difficulties of Liu Chong Hing in 1961, as well as the bankruptcy of Chiu Tai Bank in 1963, find their source in the real estate downturn. Goodstadt and Schenk jump to the conclusion that the banking system was not regulated enough to prevent the banking crisis of 1965. But they ironically provide a large body of evidence that the crisis stems from the government intervention, not from the monetary overexpansion.
By his own admission, Leo Goodstadt (2006b), despite being very hostile to free banking, recognized the role of the government in the 1965 banking crisis :
Property owners faced considerable constraints on their freedom to redevelop urban sites in the early post-war period. In 1953, the law was amended to permit owners to clear occupants from damaged or dangerous premises and to rebuild them, which led to a sharp rise in the level of activity in the property market. …
Paradoxically, it was to be government intervention in the market that first intensified the property boom and then led to a crash which was followed by the worst bank runs in Hong Kong’s history. The announcement in 1962 that building densities would be reduced from 1966 caused a rush to start new projects. These were planned on the basis of completion schedules that proved increasingly difficult to achieve. The situation was aggravated by further controls introduced in 1964 to limit the hazards created by demolition and redevelopment of existing buildings. These regulations slowed down the rate at which construction could proceed and increased the risk of breach of building covenants.
Catherine Schenk (2003) admits that the Banking Ordinance of 1964 depressed the banks’ sale of property assets :
Near the end of 1964, property prices began to fall after a spurt of speculative building. The market was also depressed by the banks’ sale of property assets to conform to the new Banking Ordinance. This left many banks (especially Chinese banks) overexposed as the demand for cash associated with the Chinese New Year approached.
The 1964 Banking Ordinance consists of “imposing minimum liquidity requirements and restricting the freedom to lend to related parties” (Goodstadt, 2006b). Catherine Schenk (2006), while being a promoter of a regulated banking scheme, gives further evidence that the 1965 banking crisis was not due to overbanking.
The impact of the 1965 banking crisis was a redistribution of deposits rather than an overall decline. In 1967, however, there was a flight of capital out of the colony and an absolute reduction in bank deposits.
Using archive data for the 1965 crisis it is clear that there is no correlation between size of deposits in December 1964 (a month before the second bank crisis) and the proportional fall in deposits during January and February. Figure 19 plots the relationship, leaving out HSBC to enhance the scale (HSBC’s deposits were $2.2b at the end of 1964 and increased by 8% during this period). The correlation coefficient for size of deposits at the end of 1964 and liquidity ratio at the end of February 1965 is -0.04.
There is a slightly higher correlation for local banks (other than HSBC) between size of deposits and change in deposits during the first round of the crisis but it is still low at -0.18 (compared to 0.06 for the banking system as a whole). …
Foreign banks would have been vulnerable to changes in sentiment about the Hong Kong banking prospects of their foreign depositors, but the data show that there was not a large overall decline in deposits like there was when international confidence in Hong Kong was rocked by the Communist disturbances of 1967. 55 These multinational banks were not threatened by the local withdrawals, and they tended to rebound by the end of the second phase of the crisis in April 1965.
55 Overall, deposits fell only 1.8% from the end of 1964 to 25 February 1965
The evidence for the increase in banking activity is clear, but the link between this trend and systemic instability as exhibited in the banking crises of 1961 and 1965 is not. … If there was a time of ‘over-banking’ it was arguably the 1950s when there were 133 banks rather than the 1960s when there were 74.
The claims that Hong Kong was ‘over-banked’ can only be substantiated if market entry reduced the profits of existing banks to the extent of threatening bank solvency, or if the competition among banks led to higher risk in lending due to competition for sound outlets for loans. Both were claimed for Hong Kong in the 1960s. There is no evidence of an overall fall in profits before 1964-65, but certainly there is evidence of an increase in profits after the moratorium was introduced.
Kam Hon Chu (1996) also made the same point :
Available bank balance sheet data reflect that over the year there was a redistribution of deposits within the banking system rather than a run on the entire system.
Leo Goodstadt (2006a) provides the following table :
In regard to the above figures, while Cowperthwaite believes that the crisis of 1965 was inconsequential, Goodstadt argues that the impact of the banking crisis had been postponed two years later (1966 and 1967). But the banking crisis occurred just at the beginning of 1965 while the real growth in this year amounts 14.5 compared to the 8.6 points of growth for 1964. Furthermore, the slow growth in 1967 is likely to be due to a decline in international confidence in Hong Kong caused by Communist disturbances, not by the 1965 banking crisis.
Since there is virtually no bank failures, one may ask : Can the lack of bank failures mean that inflation is all the more rampant ? Given the regulations in place, this is plausible. Surprisingly, when I emailed Kam Hon Chu, the last year, he told me that the data actually show that the Retail Price Index in Hong Kong rose from 108 in 1950 to 118 in 1960 (an increase of less than 1% on an annual basis). Reference : “Hong Kong Statistics, 1947-67”. Without legal tender laws, it is very plausible that inflation would have been more slow.
Finally, it should be noted that the HK banking system was quite unregulated even before 1935. Kam Hon Chu reports that the unregulated HK banking during 1864-1933 enjoyed a long period of stability with very few bank failures :
Ironically, the Hong Kong banking system enjoyed a long period of stability in the past despite the fact that it was largely unregulated. For the period 1864-1933, the Hong Kong banking system was more stable than its Canadian and American counterparts. There had not been any documented and reported bank failures resulting in losses to depositors and financial crises since the collapse of the Oriental Banking Corporation in 1884. … Its failure was due to the failure of coffee crop in Ceylon (King 1990: 16).
Berry Fong-Chung Hsu (1997) reports that the war triggered a total of six bank failures during the year of 1866. So, the HK banking system at that time should not be blamed for the bank failures of 1866.
In its early days, Hong Kong’s financial stability depended heavily on international commodity markets. In 1865, the conclusion of the U.S. Civil War caused uncertainty about U.S. cotton production, which depended largely on slave labor. The uncertainty touched off a trade depression, which was compounded by fluctuations in the price of silver and a recession in the Bombay financial market. In 1866, six of the eleven banks operating in Hong Kong went into bankruptcy. (74) Notwithstanding this instability, the government did not take measures to control banking activities. This lack of response was consistent with the laissez faire policy practiced by the Hong Kong government at the time.
Kam Hon Chu notes that regulations failed to provide financial stability. After the 1965 banking crisis, another banking crisis occurred 20 years later despite the strengthening of banking regulations :
The 1965 banking crisis in Hong Kong also shows that regulations are no guarantee for financial stability. Between 1967 and 1981, the Banking Ordinance had been amended 19 times to strengthen banking regulations. Yet they failed to prevent the 1982-86 banking crisis, during which a total of seven commercial banks experienced financial difficulties, and they were taken over either by the Hong Kong Government or other financial institutions.
A final word about the unregulated HK banking system. Given the fact that the HK banking system was not a “pure” free banking, one may think that the body of evidence presented above is inconclusive, but one should not look for any pristine because such thing has never existed. We have to determine what aspects of the banking system efficiency should be attributed to freedom, and what aspects should be attributed to regulatory interventions.
Despite the bad incentives of the regulations in place, the HK ‘free’ banking system was spared from inflation and bank failures. Furthermore, Hong Kong enjoyed higher growth rates than the USA. So I consider this free banking episode as a relevant one.
Chu, K. H. (1996). Is Free Banking More Prone to Bank Failures Than Regulated Banking?. Cato J., 16, 47.
Chu, K. H. (2011). Deposit Insurance and Banking Stability. Cato Journal, 31(1).
Goodstadt, L. (2006a). Government without Statistics: Policy-making in Hong Kong 1925-75, with special reference to Financial Markets (No. 6). HKIMR Working Paper.
Goodstadt, L. F. (2006b). Painful Transitions: The Impact of Economic Growth and Government Policies on Hong Kong’s ‘Chinese’ Banks, 1945-70 (No. 162006). Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research.
Hsu, B. F. C. (1997). Legislative Control of Hong Kong Financial Markets: Some Aspects of Banking and Securities Regulations. Law & Pol’y Int’l Bus., 28, 649.
Schenk, C. R. (2003). Banking crises and the evolution of the regulatory framework in Hong Kong 1945–1970. Australian economic history review, 43(2), 140-154.
Schenk, C. (2006). The Origins of Anti-Competitive Regulation: Was Hong Kong’over-banked’in the 1960s?.
|
<urn:uuid:ed1a40b1-06af-4949-bc8e-54e7d758f05d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://menghublog.wordpress.com/2012/07/26/the-free-banking-in-hong-kong/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320669.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626032235-20170626052235-00371.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.960853
| 3,904
| 3.078125
| 3
|
1-13 Market Sq (N)
A large part of the building on the North side of Market Square was built in the 15th century and was at first St Katherine’s Fraternity, later known as Church House. (Click here for an article which includes an artist’s impression of the building). The first Workhouse was part of this building in the early 1600s for ‘the poor to work in linen’. It was originally thatched and with an open lower floor meeting place before the Market Hall was built. (See the article below about the history of Church House.)
Dr Challoner’s Grammar School was founded here in 1624 by the then Rector. However by 1662, a Bishop’s report said “We have a free grammar school founded by Dr Challoner, late Rector the Church of Amersham, and £20 per annum for ever by decree in Chancery and is no way ordered or governed as it ought to be nor the revenues thereof employed according to the intentions of the founder, nor of such grants and ordinances as have been made concerning the same”.
The school stayed there nearly 300 years until 1902 when it moved to the present site at Amersham-on-the-Hill. It was bought in 1902 by Mr C M Cheese for £250. A fire during the night of Sunday 15th June 2008 destroyed a large part of this building, which has now been restored.
If you look at the bricks on either side of the door outside the site of the original Dr. Challoner’s school, you will see a number of conical dark holes in the brickwork (photo on the right). These are believed to be created by boys sharpening their slate pencils before going into schools. Children often had to bring a dampened cloth or sponge to school so that they could clean their slates and start again and this is the origin of the phrase ‘to wipe the slate clean’. The photo above shows that boys used to carve their names on their desks nearly four hundred years ago! If you look carefully, you can see the name ‘Child’, a well known family name in Amersham’s history, many of them involved in brewing or as publicans.
Listen to Jean Archer talking in 1991 about where Dr Challoner’s school started
No. 13 on the corner of Church Street was a workhouse in 1739. By 1851 , Francis Rogers, an ironmonger, lived here. In the 1891 and 1901 censuses it is the Conservative Club. From 1907 to 1931 it was a hairdresser and tobacconist run by Ernest Wilson and later by Mrs Hilda Wilson. By 1952 the shop was known as Butler’s and sold toys, and the collection of dinky toys held by Amersham Museum was bought there.
Mr. Corns, who was one of the founders of Amersham Museum, then ran the shop with his wife Marie.
No. 11 – for many years this was either a café or restaurant. It was run for many years by Mrs. Paget (whose husband ran The Malt House) and was know as The Inn Cafe. It has changed hands a number of times and for a while was known as The Brief Encounter and then Paupers.
No. 7 – in the 1930s these premises were a butchers shop by the name of Puseys, brother to Maggie Pusey who owned the Newsagents next door. Mr. Pusey later moved his butcher’s business across the road to a butcher’s business by the name of Bedford. The shop then became a Wool and baby Linen shop owned by Mrs. Howell who had moved from across the road in part of what is now the Crown Hotel. Upon retiring, Mrs. Howell sold out to Mrs. Leigh who carried on in the same kind of business until she retired and sold out to Miss Tomlin, who also carried on in the same kind of trade. When Miss Tomlin moved to a shop in The Broadway, the shop changed trades and was known as Bethan Galleries and was owned by Mrs. Stevens, who had a large display of pictures and artists’ materials. When Mrs. Stevens sold up the premises were divided into 2 shops – one was known as Narcissus and the other a Wine Shop. In 1985 Narcissus sold up and was then known as Arabella.
No. 1 – this was the Willow Tree Café and has seen many different owners, all of whom have made changes in layout. Miss Cook owned it for many years also a Mr. & Mrs. Madour, Mr. & Mrs. Gamblin and Mark & Carol Crompton. It is now Gilbeys.
Read here Mr Alliott’s notes about Market Square written in 1960.
As explained above, these buildings have been through many changes of use in the last 100 years, as can also be seen in the photos below.
Click on any of the photographs below to enlarge it and to see the description. Then click on forward or back arrows at the foot of each photograph. To close the pictures, just click on one.
Wall paintings and school graffiti
The pictures below show the wall paintings, probably from the 17th century, found in the building next to the Grammar School in 1931. It is not known if they still exist, but they were probably destroyed in the 2008 fire. There are also some 16th/17th century graffiti carved into the old school desks as shown above.
This article by Dr Michael Brooks was published in the Amersham Society/Amersham Museum newsletter and is reproduced with permission.
Any visitor to Amersham today who enquired for the Church House would almost certainly be greeted with a puzzled look and would be unlikely to be given any indication as to its original whereabouts. Yet a large portion of this very important building still survives within the range of shops, restaurants and offices now known as Numbers 1 to 9 Market Square.
In medieval times, after St. Mary’s Church itself, this was the most important building in the town. As originally built by the Fraternity of St. Katherine, it consisted of a first floor hall of five bays, making a room 70 ft. by 24 ft., with a thatched roof and probably jetted timbers. The ground floor beneath was initially an open space and probably used for the market, especially in wet weather. Many of the massive oak cross beams and Queen Posts of the roof which survive to this day have been dated by various authorities as late 15th century or early 16th century. Their date might be established by dendrochronology, though this is not an exact science. There is an early reference to The Fraternity of St. Katherine in 1457, but it seems likely that the hall itself was built between 1490 and 1500.
The Fraternity would have been set up by the tradesmen and burghers of the town, with the active collaboration of the Church, to support its members in illness, loss of business or employment and it also paid the salary of a Priest appointed to say obits (masses) for the souls of departed members. It also helped to maintain the Chantry Chapel of St. Katherine which had been built by the Brudenell family of Raans in 1457 within St. Mary’s Church. The Fraternity, with the Rector and churchwardens, must have provided a great deal of administration and care in the community in the town when it was a hot bed of religious dissent with the pre-reformation martyrdoms and the instability arising from twelve changes of Rector between 1481 and 1576.
The Churchwardens’ Accounts refer to the Church House from 1539 (although they sometimes also refer to it as the Town House); they record it as used for social purposes and fund-raising from that date and indicate that alteration to the building had begun from that time. We find the entries—1539 “Payd for makyng of the pastry house and ye makyng borde and of cosse and charge £3.13s.6d.” and 1541 “Payd to Loedy for wynding and walling the Church House kitchen by ii days,ixd.”
Also in 1541, a William Evans is listed as a tenant paying an annual rent ot three shillings due at the Feast of the Annunciation. Part of the building must have been converted to provide dwelling accommodation probably by walling in the most easterly bay down to ground floor level. Another 1541 entry records a quit rent payable to the Lord of the Manor of Church House of 3s.1d. New churchwardens in 1541 also gave a receipt to their predecessors for a stock of pewter vessels and dishes which they then increased from profit made from the sale of candles. In 1547 they were able to lease out some of the pewter, “Recvyd of Wm. Timberlake and Rd. Rapton for the loyne of the vessyl 15s.”
Unfortunately, vital church records are missing for the years 1542 to 1597. During this period King Henry VIII began to confiscate the assets of the monasteries and the chantries. Because its endowments helped to maintain the chantry chapel and pay for the Priest, the Fraternity of St. Katherine was regarded as a chantry and its’ assets were seized, though it was not until 1552 in the reign of King Edward VI that Amersham was affected. An inventory of that date made in connection with the suppression valued the Fraternity at £4.7s.6d. Following the suppression, the upkeep of the church house was made the responsibility of the churchwardens.
During those years, for which we have no church records, various Acts of Parliament were passed relating to the old, the poor and the sick in the town. The 1572 Act enabled the parish to collect donations and appoint an “Overseer of the Poor”; in Amersham he was often one of the churchwardens. The 1597 Act enabled the parish to levy a poor rate on the wealthy inhabitants. Church records in 1597 show that the annual rent payable to the Lord of the Manor for church house, had risen to 40s. In 1603 part of the church house is recorded as let out to John Sutton, the Overseer of the Poor, who at the time supervised employment of the poor by six parishioners to work in their own homes – presumably doing domestic work. Entries in following years record payments of £50 in cash or kind “to sett the poore to worke”. A 1601 Act enabled parishes to build parish workhouses and in 1617 the Overseer made an assessment of £77.19s.4d. for spinning wheels, tools, furniture and stock “to sett the poore to worke in linnen”. This sum included £6.4s.1d. “paid in repairing the town house (Church house) to sett the poore to work in”. This involved alterations to the easterly bay (now 1 Market Square) and it is likely that the small gabled extension northwards from this bay was built at this time. John Gregory was appointed to supervise this work with the employment of “four godly widows” and thus Amersham’s first workhouse was in Church House.
Dr. Robert Challoner, Rector of Amersham, died in 1621 and under the terms of his will, he left money and property to endow a free Latin Grammar School in Amersham. By Deed of 12th September 1624 at Vestry held in the parish church,George Coleshill, Giles Watkins and other inhabitants of the town and parish of Amersham, allotted their said churchhouse as a schoolhouse for the grammar shool. The west bay (now no. 9 Market Square) was built down to ground floor level and a northward wing added. These alterations provided accommodation for the schoolmaster, Edward Rayner, who was curate of the parish from 1624-1640. A bill of 1624 for re-thatching the churchhouse is in County Archives, and probably reflects these alterations. So in 1624 we have John Gregory and the four godly widows in number 1 and Edward Rayner, in number 9 with the grammar school in the central portion of the first floor (numbers 3, 5 and 7) with an open space beneath where the pupils are said to have played in bad weather. The town market had by that date moved to ‘the Market House” which the Mason papers state had been built as a first floor building on stilts in the Broadway opposite the Griffin in 1613. (The only other reference I have so far found to this market house is a report of 1653 that Edward Perrett and Andrew Burrows set up a seditious paper in Amersham Market House.
In 1626 the Linen Workhouse moved to a house given by William Tothill in the High Street, endowed from a 47 acre farm in Chesham. This is now known as Frith House. This was the basis of the William Tothill Charity. A Deed of 26th September 1630 in the County Archive records that the messuage (a dwelling house with land) of Winston Elmes, which the description places exactly next to No. 1 Market Square, has become derelict and been demolished. It also states that he has bought the messuage next door “sometime known as the messuage of the Fraternity of Saint Katherine now called the free school”. Perhaps this was the portion of church house vacated by the move of the Linen Workhouse to the High Street.
The Latin School was suspended from 1642 to 1650 and again in 1658 because payments under the terms of Dr. Challoner’s will were not being honoured, but planks have been preserved bearing the carved and dated initials of some of the pupils, three of which are dated 1667.
It is intriguing that the Records of Buckinghamshire note that during redecoration in 1931, a painting was discovered, representing a man, naked except for a girdle of laurel leaves, and with a club over his right shoulder, grasped in both hands; it was nearly six feet high, but so far no-one has found where it could be uncovered to-day.
The church house range was extended westwards around the middle of the 17th century with the building of what are now numbers 11 and 13 Market Square. Chimneys must have been inserted in numbers 1 and 9 around the same time. A churchwardens’ record of 1690 shows “paid for mason for repairyng a chymney top of the free scool 3s. 6d”. I cannot ascertain when the thatch was replaced by tiles, but church records show a thatcher still employed at 1s.8d. per day up to the early 1700s. By 1682 the whole range (numbers 1 to 9) had been built down to ground level and some of the dwellings thus created were tenanted and the names can be seen in the parish records. The entrance to the free school was through a central doorway in number 5, in roughly the same position as the Victorian arch with the inscription “GRAMMAR SCHOOL 1624”.
By an indenture of 1st January 1699, Lord Cheyne gifted income from rent charges to set up a school in Amersham to teach writing and arithmetic. The school started in a partitioned-off portion of the upstairs room in the church house which it shared with the free grammar school. The master in charge was given give living rooms on the ground floor. In 1702 the curate, Rev. Benjamin Robertshaw, was appointed Master of the Grammar School and lived in number 9 Market Square.
Dr. Cheyne’s Writing School proved more popular than the grammar school and Rev. Robertshaw, who had become the Rector in 1728, moved the grammar school to 111 High Street in 1736. A Drake estate map of 1742 shows a school in church house and a workhouse to the east side of the range on a site now occupied by the Memorial Gardens. This had been built in 1726 as the House of Maintenance, to provide accommodation as well as work for paupers as recommended by the 1722 Workhouse Test Act. A report of 1786 states that 200 children were attending Sunday School in church house.
Parish records for 1806 show repair bills for extensive work on church house from Messrs. Child (brickmaker), Keen (bricklayer), Clarke (carpenter) and Miles (blacksmith). At this time the whole southern aspect of the range was re-faced in brick with a parapet extending above the lower part of the roof. New windows were inserted including two large first floor windows which necessitated construction of special iron work to support the southern end of the massive cross beams. These metal supports and strapping are still in situ. A Buckler drawing of 1824 in County Records shows these alterations. In 1828 Dr. Cheyne’s Writing School becomes the Anglican National School and continued to occupy the upstairs school room with an overflow being taught in the Market Hall. The Master still lived in what is now no. 9 with the remaining ground floor room being occupied by paupers rent free. An average of 30 boys attended. The 1851 Census shows church house as no. 30-35 High Street with Cheyne’s cottages (as the ground floor was then known) occupied by two lace-makers, two paupers and an agricultural worker.
By 1867, 80 girls attended the Anglican National School in church house with 76 boys in the Market Hall. Compulsory education started in 1870. In 1872 H.M. Inspectors of Schools condemned the accommodation in church house and in 1873 Amersham’s new National School was built in “Back Lane” (now School Lane) on a site given by the Rector, Edward Tyrwhitt-D
Between 1902 and 1920, St. Mary’s Church still used the upstairs rooms as Parish rooms and there was some haphazard building of extensions and north wings to church house. The decision was made to make the ground floor available for commercial use and by 1910 three ground floor premises had become retail shops.
Since 1910 there have been many different commercial uses of the building. In 1931 St. Mary’s Church acquired new Church Rooms in Church Street and the upstairs rooms then became available for redevelopment. By now re-numbered as 1 to 9 Market Square, a large Tudor mural of Hercules was discovered in the attic. I was unable to find any trace of it on inspection, although it may have been covered up by paint.
Renumbering of properties in the High Street and Market Square have made this research difficult. With further research it might be possible to list all the occupants of numbers 1 to 13 Market Square, though this is beyond the scope of this article. With the many changes and refitting of the premises, some timber partitions, beams and other features have been lost, making interpretation of the past history of the building with absolute certainty impossible. However, I do believe that the Fraternity of St. Katherine would be most gratified to know that after some 500 years their building survives, at least in part, and that it still serves the inhabitants of Amersham.
|
<urn:uuid:9da0a575-94d4-4a53-9caa-022bf0d15274>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://amershamhistory.info/old-town/market-square/1-13-market-sq/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320869.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626221252-20170627001252-00451.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.981882
| 4,084
| 2.703125
| 3
|
Object NGC 2604B is located exactly in the center of the picture.
NGC 2604B - galaxy in the constellation Cancri Type: Sc - spiral galaxy The angular dimensions: 0.90'x0.6' magnitude: V=14.8m; B=15.5m The surface brightness: 14.0 mag/arcmin2 Coordinates for epoch J2000: Ra= 8h33m35.7s; Dec= 29°29'58" redshift (z): 0.007018 The distance from the Sun to NGC 2604B: based on the amount of redshift (z) - 29.6 Mpc; Other names of the object NGC 2604B : PGC 24004, MCG 5-20-23, CGCG 149-49, KUG 0830+296
Nearby objects: NGC 2604A, NGC 2604, NGC 2602, NGC 2603, NGC 2605, NGC 2606 The full catalog NGC / IC In this version of the NGC catalog used by NASA imagery, ngcicproject.org and other sources.
The pictures in the places of their original placement referred to as free of licensing restrictions.
In case of doubt, please the authors: let me know and they will be removed.
|
<urn:uuid:06d25f44-30a2-4ab7-aacd-0117fce58ff6>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://kosmoved.ru/get_ngcic.php?ID=NGC-2604B&lang=eng
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321497.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627170831-20170627190831-00531.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.765397
| 279
| 2.578125
| 3
|
How to store object in Hibernate?
This example shows you how to store or save Hibernate object to database. The basic steps in creating application in Hibernate will be:
- Creates the POJO
- Create the Hibernate mapping file
- Register the mapping file in the Hibernate configuration
- Create a simple manager class to store the object
In this example we'll create a class called
Label, this class is about a record label company. This class has the
modifiedData attributes. Their types in order are
Hibernate is an Object Relation Mapping technology which basically means how an object is mapped to a relational database model. Because of this it needs a mapping file to map the object properties to table columns. The mapping file usually named in the format of
Label.hbm.xml, the class name with
hbm.xml suffix. And for Hibernate application recognize the object, the mapping file should be registered in the Hibernate configuration
We have a brief introduction about the Hibernate class and configuration structure. Let's jump the the working example. First we creates the mapping file and then we create the classes.
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
<class name="com.javacoderanch.example.hibernate.app.Label" table="LABELS">
<id name="id" column="id">
<property name="name" not-null="true"/>
<property name="modifiedBy" column="modified_by" length="50"/>
<property name="modifiedDate" column="modified_date" type="timestamp"/>
We have the code and the mapping file done. To register the mapping file in the Hibernate configuration file you can see the How to create Hibernate's SessionFactory? example. The example also tells you how to create the
SessionFactoryHelper class to obtain the Hibernate's
|
<urn:uuid:91c87557-6f7c-42ba-a01a-6a45a80b6a27>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.javacoderanch.com/how-to-store-object-in-hibernate.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321497.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627170831-20170627190831-00531.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.667607
| 442
| 2.609375
| 3
|
), one of the great divinities of the Greeks. Tho name Demeter is supposed by some to be the same as γῆ μήτηρ
, that is, mother earth, while others consider Deo, which is synonymous with Demeter, as connected with δάις
, and as derived from the Cretan word dha/i, barley, so that Demeter would be the mother or giver of barley or of food generally. (Hom. Il. 5.500
These two etymologies, however do not suggest any difference in the character of the goddess, but leave it essentially the same. Demeter was the daughter of Cronus and Rhea, and sister of Hestia, Hera, Aides, Poseidon, and Zeus. Like the other children of Cronus she was devoured by her father, but he gave her forth again after taking the emetic which Metis had given him. (Hesiod. Theog.
452, &c.; Apollod. 1.2.1
By her brother Zeus, Demeter became the mother of Persephone (Proserpina) and Dionysus (Hesiod. Theoq.
912; Diod. 3.62
), and by Poseidon of Despoena and the horse Arion. (Apollod. 3.6.8
; Paus. 8.37.6
The most prominent part in the mythus of Demeter is the rape of her daughter Persephone by Pluto, and this story not only suggests the main idea embodied in Demeter, but also directs our attention to the principal seats of her worship. Zeus, without the knowledge of Demeter, had promised Persephone to Pluto, and while the unsuspecting maiden was gathering flowers which Zeus had caused to grow in order to tempt her and to favour Pluto's scheme, the earth suddenly opened and she was carried off by Aidoneus (Pluto). Her cries of anguish were heard only by Hecate and Helios. Her mother, who heard only the echo of her voice, immediately set out in search of her daughter.
The spot where Persephone was believed to have been carried into the lower world is different in the different traditions; the common story places it in Sicily, in the neighbourhood of Enna, on mount Aetna, or between the wells Cyane and Arethusa. (Hyg. Fab. 146
; Ov. Met. v.
4.422; Diod. 5.3
; Cic. in Verr.
This legend, which points to Sicily, though undoubtedly very ancient (Pind. N. 1.17
), is certainly not the original tradition, since the worship of Demeter was introduced into Sicily by colonists from Megara and Corinth. Other traditions place the rape of Persephone at Erineus on the Cephissus, in the neighbourhood of Eleusis (Orph. Hymn.
17.15), at Colonus in Attica (Schol. ad Soph. Oed. Col.
1590), in an island of the Atlantic near the western coast of Spain (Orph. Argon.
1190), at Hermione in Peloponnesus (Apollod. 1.5.1
; Strab. viii. p.373
), in Crete (Schol. ad Hesiod. Theog.
914), or in the neighbourhood of Pisa. (Paus. 6.21.1
.) Others again place the event at Pheneus in Arcadia (Conon, Narr.
15), or at Cyzicus (Propert. 3.21. 4), while the Homeric hymn on Demeter places it in the plain of Nysa in Asia.
In the Iliad
and Odyssey the rape of Persephone is not expressly mentioned. Demeter wandered about in search of her daughter for nine days, without taking any nectar or ambrosia, and without bathing. On the tenth she met Hecate, who told her that she had heard the cries of Persephone, but did not know who had carried her off. Both then hastened to Helios, who revealed to them thai Pluto had been the ravisher, and with the consent of Zeus. Demeter in her anger at this news avoided Olympus, and dwelt upon earth among men, conferring presents and blessings wherever she was kindly received, and severely punishing those who repulsed her or did not receive her gifts with proper reverence.
In this manner she came to Celeus at Eleusis. [CELEUS.] As the goddess still continued in her anger, and produced famine on the earth by not allowing the fields to produce any fruit, Zeus, anxious that the race of mortals should not become extinct, sent Iris to induce Demeter to return to Olympus. (Comp. Paus. 8.42.2
But in vain.
At length Zeus sent out all the gods of Olympus to conciliate her by entreaties and presents; but she vowed not to return to Olympus, nor to restore the fertility of the earth, till she had seen her daughter again. Zeus accordingly sent Hermes into Erebus to fetch back Persephone. Aidoneus consented, indeed, to Persephone returning, but gave her a part of a pomegranate to eat, in order that she might not always remain with Demeter. Hermes then took her in Pluto's chariot to Eleusis to her mother, to whom, after a hearty welcome, she related her fate. At Eleusis both were joined by Hecate, who henceforth remained the attendant and companion of Persephone. Zeus now sent Rhea to persuade Demeter to return to Olympus, and also granted that Persephone should spend only a part of the year (i. e.
the winter) in subterraneous darkness, and that during the rest of the year she should remain with her mother. (Comp. Ov. Met. 5.565
4.614; Hyg. Fab. 146
.) Rhea accordingly descended to the Rharian plain near Eleusis, and conciliated Demeter, who now again allowed the fruits of the fields to grow.
But before she parted from Eleusis, she instructed Triptolemus, Diocles, Eumolpus, and Celeus in the mode of her worship and in the mysteries.
These are the main features of the mythus about Demeter, as it is contained in the Homeric hymn; in later traditions it is variously modified. Respecting her connexions with Jasion or Jasius, Tantalus, Melissa, Cychreus, Erysichthon, Pandareus, and others, see the different articles. Demeter was the goddess of the earth (Eur. Ba. 276
), and more especially of the earth as producing fruit, and consequently of agriculture, whence human food or bread is called by Homer Hom. Il. 13.322
) the gift of Demeter.
The notion of her being the author of the earth's fertility was extended to that of fertility in general, and she accordingly was looked upon also as the goddess of marriage (Serv. ad Aen. 4.58
), and was worshipped especially by women. Her priestess also initiated young married people into the duties of their new situation. (Plut. de Off. conj.
As the goddess of the earth she was like the other Δεόι χθόνιοι
, a subterraneous divinity, who worked in the regions inaccessible to the rays of Helios.
As agriculture is the basis of a well-regulated social condition, Demeter is represented also as the friend of peace and as a law-giving goddess. (*De/omof/oros, Callim. Hymn. in Cer.
138; Orph. Hymn.
39. 4; Verg. A. 4.58
; Hom. Il. 5.500
; Ov. Met. 5.341
; Paus. 8.15.1
The mythus of Demeter and her daughter embodies the idea, that the productive powers of the earth or nature rest or are concealed during the winter season; the goddess (Demeter and Persephone, also called Cora, are here identified) then rules in the depth of the earth mournful, but striving upwards to the allanimating light. Persephone, who has eaten of the pomegranate, is the fructified flower that returns in spring, dwells in the region of light during a portion of the year, and nourishes men and animals with her fruits. Later philosophical writers, and perhaps the mysteries also, referred the disappearance and return of Persephone to the burial of the body of man and the immortality of his soul. Demeter was worshipped in Crete, Delos, Argolis, Attica, th western coast of Asia, Sicily and Italy, and her worship consisted in a great measure in orgic mysteries. Among the many festivals celebrated in her honour, the Thesmophoria and Eleusinia were the principal ones. (Dict. of Ant. s. vv. Chloea, Haloa, Thesmophoria, Eleusinia, Megalartia Chthonia.
) The sacrifices offered to her consisted of pigs, the symbol of fertility, bulls, cows, honey-cakes, and fruits. (Macr. 1.12
; Diod. 5.4
; Paus. 2.35.4
, in fin.; Ov. Fast. 4.545
.) Her temples were called Megara, and were often built in groves in the neighbourhood of towns. (Paus. 1.39.4
; Strab. viii. p.344
, ix. p. 435.) Many of her surnames, which are treated of in separate articles, are descriptive of the character of the goddess.
She was often represented in works of art, though scarcely one entire statue of her is preserved. Her representations appear to have been brought to ideal perfection by Praxiteles. (Paus. 1.2.4
.) Her image resembled that of Hera, in its maternal character, but had a softer expression, and her eyes were less widely opened.
She was represented sometimes in a sitting attitude, sometimes walking, and sometimes riding in a chariot drawn by horses or dragons, but always in full attire. Around her head she wore a garland of corn-ears or a simple ribband, and in her hand she held a sceptre, cornears or a poppy, sometimes also a torch and the mystic basket. (Paus. 3.19.4
; Plin. Nat. 34.8. s. 19
She appears most frequently on gems and vases.
The Romans received the worship of Demeter, to whom they applied the name of Ceres, from Sicily. (V. Max. 1.1.1
The first temple of Ceres at Rome was vowed by the dictator A. Postumius Albinus, in B. C. 496, for the purpose of averting a famine with which Rome was threatened during a war with the Latins. (Dionys. A. R. 6.17
, comp. 1.33; Tac. Ann. 2.49
In introducing this foreign divinity, the Romans acted in their usual manner; they instituted a festival with games in honour of her (Dict. of A t. s. v. Cerealia
), and gave the management of the sacred rites and ceremonies to a Greek priestess, who was usually taken from Naples or Velia, and received the Roman franchise, in order that the sacrifices on behalf of the Roman people might be offered up by a Roman citizen. (Cic. pro Balb.
24; Festus, s. v. Graeca sacra.
) In all other respects Ceres was looked upon very much in the same light as Tellus, whose nature closely resembled that of Ceres. Pigs were sacrificed to both divinities, in the seasons of sowing and in harvest time, and also It the burial of the dead.
It is strange to find that the Romans, in adopting the worship of Demeter from the Greeks, did not at the same time adopt the Greek name Demeter.
The name Ceres can scarcely be explained from the Latin language. Servius informs us (ad Aen.
2.325), that Ceres, Pales, and Fortuna were the penates of the Etruscans, and it may be that the Romans applied to Demeter the name of a divinity of a similar nature, whose worship subsequently became extinct, and left no trace except the name Ceres. We remarked above that Demeter and Persephone or Cora were identified in the mythus, and it may be that Ceres is only a different form for Cora or Core.
But however this may be, the worship of Ceres soon acquired considerable political importance at Rome.
The property of traitors against the republic was often made over to her temple. (Dionys. A. R. 6.89
; Plin. Nat. 34.4. s. 9
; Liv. 2.41
The decrees of the senate were deposited in her temple for the inspection of the tribunes of the people. (Liv. 3.55
.) If we further consider that the aediles had the special superintendence of this temple, it is very probable that Ceres, whose worship was like the plebeians, introduced at Rome from without, had some peculiar relation to the plebeian order. (Müller, Dor.
2.10.3; Preller, Demeter und Persephone, ein Cyclus nythol. Untersuift.,
Ha-burg, 1837, 8vo.; Welcker, Zeitschrift für die alte Kunst,
1.1, p. 96, &c.; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome,
i. p. 621; Hartung, Die Relig. der Römer,
ii. p. 135, &c.)
|
<urn:uuid:4438cad1-c011-43c6-a07b-c7b74b3a8ddf>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=demeter-bio-1&ie_sort=display
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321497.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627170831-20170627190831-00531.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963471
| 2,979
| 3.1875
| 3
|
Kindergarten - Bible : Review verse proverbs 3:5-6 and Genesis 18 homework study guide.
First Grade - Spelling: Study spelling words.
- Science :Study for science test .
- Bible: Study for Bible test.
Study Bible verse: Genesis 9:11c. "Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth."
Second Grade - Spelling: Do worksheets 27 & 28.
- Handwriting: Practice M and H
- Bible: Write the Bible verse two times.
Third Grade - Bible: Write I Cor. 13:3 two times. Study for verse Quiz.
- Spelling: Study words. Do worksheet.
- Math: study for speed quiz on 2-4 multiplication tables and 2 and 3 division facts.
- Reading: study sheet for vocabulary quiz.
- 1st quarter book report is due 10-18-11. Check class newsletter for more details.
Fourth/Fifth Grade - Spelling: Write each spelling word in an original sentence .
- Science : Study the study quide for a quiz on 10-6-11.
- Bible: Study verse I Cor. 10:13b
- Math: 4th & 5th grade study lessons 1-15 for test on 10-06-11.
Sixth Grade - Science: study pp 39-62 for test on 10-06-11.
- Bible : Study Matt. 5:13-14
- Math : lesson 21, page 103, a-d, 1-30
- History : Study for Ch. 3 test on 10-07-11.
- English : pick a topic for your persuasion speech.
- Spelling : Study spelling words lesson 7.
7th -12th Grade - No Homework
- High School students remember your speeches for speech class are due on 10-6-11.
|
<urn:uuid:5a8102c3-6dd5-47cc-8408-d18ce2cc6848>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://gracechristianschoolfl.com/1/post/2011/10/post-title-click-and-type-to-edit.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323889.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629070237-20170629090237-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.733581
| 394
| 2.734375
| 3
|
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) Cured by Gene Therapy
What is Adrenoleukodystrofphy (ALD)?
Please note; the experimental therapy discussed below can not yet be claimed as a cure.
Adrenoleukodystrophy (a-dreeno-luke-o-dis-trophy) ALD.
ALD is also known as "Addison-Schilder Disease," "Siemerling-Creutzfeldt Disease," and "Schilder's disease." It is a disease (mostly in young boys) that causes progressive brain damage and disrupts the function of the adrenal glands. All of these effects are thought to be caused by a suspension of the production of myelin, the naturally occurring nerve shielding that allows nerves to carry impulses.
Without myelin nerves cannot conduct signals. Myelin can also serve as a corridor for new nerve growth to follow should a nerve be severed.
It is thought that this interruption in the production of myelin causes a breakdown in the intra-cranial signals including those in the cerebellum. Once an interruption in signals in the cerebellum occurs breathing, heart-rhythm, and other vital functions can be interfered with or interrupted, causing death.
ALD strikes children who inherit the disease from two parents who carry a faulty ALD gene. Because ALD interrupts or prevents the formation of myelin, sufferers experience brain degeneration, ataxia (lack of physical coordination), and loss of visual and auditory (hearing) function.
ALD has always culminated in the early death of the sufferer.
ALD Progression Arrested
ALD is identified in about one hundred twenty (120) boys in the United States each year. Those born with the defective ALD gene appear normal until about the fifth year of life when a catastrophic demyelinization sets in.
This often leaves the child in a vegetative state with death following shortly after. If ALD is identified before deterioration begins Lorenzo's Oil can be administered which has a delaying effect on ALD. Lorenzo's Oil is a combination of the fats from Olive and Canola oils. This combination is known to arrest the development of long chain fatty acids...the suspected cause of myelin destruction.
If deterioration has already begun the only option (up to now) is a bone marrow transplant. Of course this depends on a close match of bone marrow from a sibling or close relative.
A team of scientists at the Paris Descartes University; Drs. Nathalie Cartier and Patrick Aubourg took the healthy form of the ALD gene and inserted it into the AIDS virus. This version of AIDs virus had been "disabled" so that it cannot itself cause disease.
Because AIDS, unlike most other viruses, can insert genes into healthy static (not reproducing) cells it has lent itself to inserting corrected versions of the ALD gene into bone marrow stem cells. The result, so far, is an arrest in the progression of ALD in three boys suffering from the disease.
Dr. Theodore Friedmann of UC San Diego stated: "That's a major achievement for a field that has been in the clinic for only 18 or 19 years. . . . This is a new form of medicine and deserves to be seen as such."
Stem Cell Repair and Replacement
Drs. Cartier and Aubourg isolated bone-marrow stem cells from each of the boys, then used the retrovirus to introduce a healthy copy of the ALD gene to these cells. The bone marrow in each of the boys was then destroyed and the modified cells introduced into the interior of the bone. Fifteen percent of the newly introduced cells began producing the protein required to prevent myelin degeneration. After two years the protein continues to be produced in the patients effectively arresting the development of ALD.
The therapeutic effect of this gene-therapy is roughly equivalent to a bone marrow transplant from a healthy donor. This is good news for those patients who do not have likely donor candidates in their immediate family.
Trials will continue with larger groups including older men with milder forms of the disease.
Dr. Theodore Friedmann went on to say: "[Gene therapy] has crossed a threshold, scientifically and medically, and also in credibility, [These studies] are not hype; they are not hyperbole. They really are providing treatment for sick people."
Though the therapy described above has all the hallmarks of a cure, more trials and double-blind studies must be conducted before such a claim can be confidently made.
However, the results and careful documentation of those results are very encouraging.
|
<urn:uuid:8bc61774-3845-44e1-b7f3-cf42711558a8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://hubpages.com/health/Adrenoleukodystrophy-ALD-Cured-by-Gene-Therapy
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323889.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629070237-20170629090237-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945845
| 953
| 2.703125
| 3
|
When stripes of different colour are woven width-ways and length-ways, they cross over each other at right angles and create an interweaving of colour, giving rise to balanced checks or the mystical pattern known as plaid.
The word plaid originally referred to the woven woolen cloth worn over the shoulder or around the body in traditional Scottish Highland dress. The plaid cloth was woven in the tartan pattern of the family clan the Highlander belonged to. In the UK, tartans are still regarded as the specific plaid patterns that have been worn for eons by Scottish family clans. In North America and elsewhere, the word plaid is often synonymous with tartan.
Tartans have certain specific features:
- They are woven in 2/2 twill
- The width-ways pattern is repeated identically along the length of the cloth
- There is often a pivot point of a mirror image within the single unit pattern.
New tartan designs can be registered with the Scottish Register of Tartans to ensure copyright, but do not have to be.
Tartans may be worn by anyone, you do not have to be a member of a clan to wear one. Clans often had several tartans, for hunting, warfare, and formal occasions. The Scottish Register of Tartans is an excellent website to find your traditional family tartan and enjoy the beauty of their vast collection of tartans.
Kilts, plain coloured in saffron or green, are first documented as being worn in Ireland at the end of the 19th century. In 1956, tartan cloth fragments from a cloak, a doublet, and trews were unearthed near Derry, dated to 1590-1650, and named the Ulster tartan. It is not known whether this cloth belonged to an Irishman or a recent Scottish immigrant. The cloth was badly stained by the bog, and this dark stained tartan pattern is known as Ulster Peat, whereas less stained fragments were reconstructed and the tartan pattern is known as Ulster Red. This discovery sparked interest in tartan and a resurgence of interest in kilts in Ireland. It is only gradually since then that tartans have been designed for family names or regions of Ireland. Around the turn of the 21st century, two companies each designed a range of tartans for Irish counties and families. There is a superb article about the history of Irish kilts and tartans on the Scottish Tartans Authority website.
I used the pattern of the Ulster tartan, as it is of Irish heritage, to make a scarf for my husband. He chose the colours from those associated with his family background. As a suggestion, the colours for your own Irish tartan could be based on any of the colours of your family crest or coat-of-arms, the colours of your family county of origin flag and your Gaelic Athletics Association colours.
My understanding is that traditional tartans are not copyrighted and can be made by anyone. More recent tartans are usually restricted and can only be made with permission of the copyright holder. Unless permission is sought from the owner, I will only weave traditional tartans or tartans of your own design that are not similar to copyrighted ones. I will check for similarity of new designs on the Scottish Register of Tartans website.
|
<urn:uuid:0a97648e-c03a-4c46-aeff-a93d2f4a653e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://wovenbyhandusa.wordpress.com/tartans/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323889.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629070237-20170629090237-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965933
| 672
| 3.3125
| 3
|
About Adolph Gottlieb
Recognized as one of the originators of Abstract Expressionism, painter Adolph Gottlieb drew on mythological and tribal symbols as well as Surrealism to create works that emphatically broke with American Regionalism. Gottlieb’s pictographs possessed primitivist qualities, featuring shapes evocative of cave drawings. His later paintings, such as the well-known Brink from 1959, often employed circular motifs and thick, gestural brushstrokes, which were an integral part of the development of Color Field painting.
American, 1903-1974, New York, New York
|
<urn:uuid:718cc16f-46b2-475f-bed2-99a66c7c9e24>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.artsy.net/artwork/adolph-gottlieb-antipodes-opposite-ends
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323889.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629070237-20170629090237-00691.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961765
| 127
| 3.390625
| 3
|
In 2008, Polish studies of land cryosphere (permafrost and glaciers) were carried out in the polar regions of the Arctic on Spitsbergen and of the Western Antarctic (King George Island, Southern Shetlands) at the Polish polar stations and in the mountains areas of central and northern Europe (High Tatra Mountains and Scandinavian Mountains in the Abisko region).
The investigations in the polar regions were carried out under the fourth International Polar Year 2007/2009 in which Poland participated. On Spitsbergen, the project:” The dynamic response of Arctic glaciers to global warming ” (GLACIODYN) focused on the dynamics of evolution of Arctic glaciers moving towards the sea under the conditions of climate change and sea level rise. The Polish team included the scientists representing: University of Silesia, Faculty of Earth Science, Sosnowiec; Nicholas Copernicus University, Torun; Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin; Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw; and AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow. The project was supervised by J. Jania ( University of Silesia). Field investigations as well as remote sensing and geophysical techniques were used to obtain information on glacier characteristics. A large number of data were obtained in the field to identify the mechanisms responsible for dynamic response of glaciers to climate change and to create processbased quantitative physical models as well as numerical ones for glacier response. These results will help to refi ne estimates on the contribution of Arctic glaciers to sea level rise.
Within the international program “Change and variability of the Arctic Systems, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard” (KINNVIKA), geophysical investigations of the structure of permafrost and the thickness of its active layer as well as deposits of late sedimentation basins in the Murchinson Fiord region began. Th ey were supervised by P. Glowacki and carried out by an interdisciplinary team from the Institute of Geophysics and the Institute of Geological Science, Polish Academy of Science, as well as the University of Silesia.
The interdisciplinary team headed by K. Migala from Wroclaw University carried out investigations within the international program “Fundamental causes of local climates as the basis of ecosystems diff erentiations and dynamics in the area of West Spitsbergen, Svalbard” (TOPOCLIM). Its aim was to determine the spatial structure of air temperature field as the identification of the driving mechanisms of periglacial ecosystems in western Spitsbergen.
Several investigations were carried out at the Polish Academy of Science stations which operates year-round in both the Arctic on Spitsbergen at the Polish Polar Station, Hornsund and in the Antarctic at the Polish Station Henryk Arctowski on King George Island, South Shetlands). During the summer season, interdisciplinary investigations of periglacial phenomena took place in the areas surrounding the stations/bases located on Spitsbergen and belonging to Polish universities.
Measurements of active permafrost layer thickness and thermal fl uxes (CALM project) were also performed near Polish stations and university expedition bases: Hornsund Polish Polar Station, Calypsostranda base of Maria Curie- Sklodowska University expeditions, Kaffi oyra station of Nicholas Copernicus University, and Petuniabukta base of Adam Mickiewicz University expeditions).
Grants from the Ministry of Education (No N306052 32/3405) and the EU ATANS (Fp 6506004) permitted the initiation of comparative studies on permafrost occurrence in the mountainous region of the High Tatra, in the mountains of northern Sweden in the vicinity of Abisko, as well as in the Hornsund Fiord region on Spitsbergen. The leaders of this project are: W.Dobinski and B.Gadek from the Faculty of Earth Science, University of Silesia and S.Kedzia from the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Geomorphology and Hydrology of Mountains and Uplands, Polish Academy of Science, Cracow. Th e results of these investigations were presented at conferences (Wroclaw, Madrid, Moscow and Fairbanks).
Following a suggestion from the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, a system of common investigations called “Multidisciplinary studies of polar region geoecosystem” was created to bring together ten units belonging to the Polish Academy of Science and universities carrying out investigations in the Arctic. Its aim is to create the conditions for the active participation of Polish researchers in international investigations of polar regions, collaboration in scientifi c staff training, coordination of investigations, rational use of apparatus, help with application of new methods and control of information flow. The investigations undertaken under this framework in 2008 dealt with:
- monitoring of the environment in the European Marine Biodiversity Research, Svalbard sites;
- palaeo and contemporary marine and lake deposits as a source of information about changing climate;
- understanding of glacial and periglacial geosystems under changing climate conditions;
- effects of research stations in polar regions on the environment in their vicinity.
Financial means for coordination, accomplishment of common investigations were provided by the Ministry of Education (Resolution No 35/E-41/BWSN-0081/2008).
Of significant importance for Polish explorers of the north and the south polar zones was the XXXII International Polar Symposium of the Polar Club of Polish Geographical Society held in Wroclaw on May 23-24, 2008, under the subject ”Natural Environment of Polar Regions”. It was organized by the Faculty of Earth Science and Environment Formation, Wroclaw University under the chairmanship of J.Pereym; a meteorologist and Spitsbergen explorer. It should be stressed that Professor A. Jahn (1915-1999), the initiator and first president of the Polar Club, the famous explorer of periglacial zone, organizer of research expeditions to Spitsbergen and Greenland, a researcher that contributed largely to the history of International Permafrost Association, was closely connected with this University. The XXXII Symposium was attended by over 150 participants from all Polish scientific centers carrying out investigations in polar regions as well as foreign scientists. One of the participants was Prof. Jon Ove Hagen from Norway who was awarded the title “Doctor Honoris Causa” at the University of Silesia in May 2008. Papers and posters were presented at the Symposium. Most of them were published in a special monograph “Natural Environment of Polar Regions”. It consists of 28 papers (summaries in English) from various fields of science about the earth system (geomorphology, geology, glaciology, geodesy, hydrology, climatology) as well as biotic environment of the Arctic and the Antarctic. It should be also emphasised that the polar symposia have been held since 1974 and play an essential role as far as presentation of the latest investigations, exchange of experiences and integration of investigations in polar regions are concerned.
Kazimierz Pekala (firstname.lastname@example.org)
|
<urn:uuid:891d28e8-af36-4a9b-85f4-63bb7d42766b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://ipa.arcticportal.org/publications/ipa-country-reports/1568-2008/566-poland
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319943.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623012730-20170623032730-00330.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932003
| 1,525
| 2.609375
| 3
|