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5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and...
What may a cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" do?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and...
What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb11
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it...
What was possible for someone to become who was not a priest, but only in major orders?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb12
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it...
Who was enrolled only in the order of cardinal laymen?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb13
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it...
What year did Pope John XX set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb14
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it...
What canon does not require that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb15
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it...
What year did the practice of allowing nuns to become Cardinals stop?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb09
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep...
What four entities make up the Apostolic Camera?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0a
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep...
Who has functions that are not limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep...
Who does nor collate information about the financial situation of all dependent administrations of the Holy See?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep...
Who does not have the responsibility of presenting results to the College of Cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdaff
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ...
Who does not have the privilege of announcing a new pope's election?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb00
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ...
What is the junior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals also known as?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb01
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ...
Who announced Pope John Paul I coronation in 1976?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb02
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ...
What Cardinal protodeacon's privilege was continued after the election of Pope John Paul I?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb03
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ...
What position does Renato Raffaele Martinez currently hold?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex).
How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Masses?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex).
How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Ecumenical Meetings?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex).
How are Cardinal deacons recognized at quarterly Urbi et Orbi papal blessings?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdafa
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex).
What do nuns wear in addition to the simple white mitre?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaed
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ...
How many churches are recognized as cardinalatial deaconries in 2000?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaee
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ...
How many cardinals were there in the order of popes?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaef
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ...
What have Cardinal deacons not had the right to do?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf0
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ...
Who may not take a vacant title?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf1
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ...
Who may opt for the order of cardinal priests after they have been deacons for 30 years?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae3
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou...
Where are priests that are elevated to the diaconal order mainly officials of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae4
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou...
How many Cardinals were French in 1939?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae5
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou...
How many Cardinals were French in 1994?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae6
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou...
How many cardinals were members of the curia in 1929?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou...
What year did Pope Sixtus I fix the maximum size of the College of Cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdad9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t...
Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdada
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t...
Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadb
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t...
Who does not supervise the Church's works in the districts of Rome?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadc
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t...
Who did not provide all social services in Rome during the early Middle Ages?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadd
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t...
Who is not given title to one of these seven deacons?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad1
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests.
What title is given to the highest ranking cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad2
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests.
What position do cardinal deacons not hold?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad3
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests.
What do bishops become that are without diocesan responsibilities?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad4
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests.
What are cardinals who are not elevated to the diaconal order?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdac9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot...
What title is given to the newest member of the order of cardinal priests?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdaca
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot...
What position does Paulo Evaristo Arns of Columbia currently hold?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdacb
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot...
Whose ceremonial duties in the conclave continued after the age of 80?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdacc
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot...
Who was accepted into the conclave after the age of 80?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda8f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s...
Who does not need the approval of the Pope?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda90
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s...
What is the Dean of the College of Humanities also known as?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda91
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s...
Who does not act as the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda92
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s...
Who approves the appointment of the Cardinal-dean by the Pope?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda93
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s...
What position belonged by right to the shortest-serving of the cardinal bishops?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda99
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp...
What did Pope Paul VI decree in 1965 about the patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9a
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp...
Who ranked after the seven cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp...
What title did patriarch cardinals receive?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp...
How many Western Patriarchs are currently cardinal bishops?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp...
Who can elect the dean or become dean?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa3
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions.
Who are the highest ranking priests in the Catholic church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa4
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions.
Who are the most numerous of the four orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa5
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions.
Who is the lowest ranking priest in the Catholic Church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa6
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions.
What are those named cardinal popes today generally bishops of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions.
What position do some popes currently hold?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaad
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ...
What name was interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of popes?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaae
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ...
What does the name "cardinal popes" originally refer to?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaaf
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ...
What is the name of the important nuns that are chosen by the pope to advice him?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdab0
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ...
Who holds the title Cardinal of Rome?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdab1
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ...
What term did not gradually become exclusive to Rome to indicate those entrusted with electing the pope?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat...
What does every cardinal priest not have?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat...
What has not been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat...
What did Pope Paul V abolish?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdaba
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat...
What is not still posted in the church after Pope Paul VI abolished all administrative rights?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdabb
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat...
What are cardinals not expected to do?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac1
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of...
Who had a large number from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac2
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of...
What happened to the College of the Cardinals in the 3rd century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac3
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of...
Who sought to cap the number of the College at 50?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac4
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of...
Who upheld the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda85
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa...
What were long-serving cardinal priests entitled to do ending in the mid-fifteenth century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda86
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa...
What are cardinal deacons of eight years standing still entitled to become?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda87
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa...
Who has not been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papal appointment?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda88
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa...
How have cardinals been advance to cardinal priests?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda89
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa...
Who filled vacancies that arose among the cardinal priests?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb33
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities...
Which cardinal is known by all the Catholic Church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb34
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities...
What does the cardinal named pectore know?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb35
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities...
What can a cardinal in pectore continue to function as?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb36
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities...
What is done to cardinals that does not protect them or their congregations?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eaa
Iranian_languages
The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4...
What stage of Iranian languages from 400 BCE to 900 CE includes old Persian?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eab
Iranian_languages
The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4...
What stage of Iranian language was in use until 400 BCE and included Parthian and Bactrian?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eac
Iranian_languages
The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4...
When did the change from old Iranian to new Iranian occur?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605ead
Iranian_languages
The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4...
Where are the old Iranian languages Parthian and Bactrian from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb2
Iranian_languages
As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi.
In what year were there hundred and 50 to 200 Iranian languages
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb3
Iranian_languages
As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi.
What are some of the largest among the 200 Iranian languages?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb4
Iranian_languages
As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi.
What were their 86 million of in 2008
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c4619aa02b0018605eb8
Iranian_languages
The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya.
What is any language that descends from ancestral Persian?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c4619aa02b0018605eb9
Iranian_languages
The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya.
What word is derived from Sanskrit and Arya?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c4619aa02b0018605eba
Iranian_languages
The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya.
Arya is derived from what ancestral language?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ebe
Iranian_languages
The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha...
When did Robert Needham Cust introduced the term Iranian?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ebf
Iranian_languages
The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha...
What term did Christian Lassen using 1878?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ec0
Iranian_languages
The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha...
What did George Abraham Grierson and Christian Lassen contrast?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ec1
Iranian_languages
The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha...
What scholars have revived the term Irano-Aryan
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec6
Iranian_languages
All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su...
What other language did most Iranian languages descend from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec7
Iranian_languages
All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su...
What other language besides Nuristani this proto-Iranian descent from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec8
Iranian_languages
All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su...
What language does Proto-Indo Iranian descent from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec9
Iranian_languages
All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su...
What languages are believed to have originated in central India?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a18ccbd9aa02b0018605ece
Iranian_languages
It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p...
What Indo-European groups belong to the Satem language family?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }