id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 4.06k | question stringlengths 12 184 | answers dict |
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5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What may a cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" do? | {
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} |
5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb11 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | What was possible for someone to become who was not a priest, but only in major orders? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb12 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | Who was enrolled only in the order of cardinal laymen? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb13 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | What year did Pope John XX set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops? | {
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} |
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb14 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | What canon does not require that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment? | {
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} |
5ad30e3b604f3c001a3fdb15 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it... | What year did the practice of allowing nuns to become Cardinals stop? | {
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} |
5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb09 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | What four entities make up the Apostolic Camera? | {
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} |
5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0a | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | Who has functions that are not limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | Who does nor collate information about the financial situation of all dependent administrations of the Holy See? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | Who does not have the responsibility of presenting results to the College of Cardinals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdaff | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | Who does not have the privilege of announcing a new pope's election? | {
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} |
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb00 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | What is the junior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals also known as? | {
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} |
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb01 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | Who announced Pope John Paul I coronation in 1976? | {
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} |
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb02 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | What Cardinal protodeacon's privilege was continued after the election of Pope John Paul I? | {
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} |
5ad30c5b604f3c001a3fdb03 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal ... | What position does Renato Raffaele Martinez currently hold? | {
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5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Masses? | {
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} |
5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Ecumenical Meetings? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at quarterly Urbi et Orbi papal blessings? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdafa | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | What do nuns wear in addition to the simple white mitre? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaed | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | How many churches are recognized as cardinalatial deaconries in 2000? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaee | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | How many cardinals were there in the order of popes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaef | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | What have Cardinal deacons not had the right to do? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf0 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | Who may not take a vacant title? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | Who may opt for the order of cardinal priests after they have been deacons for 30 years? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | Where are priests that are elevated to the diaconal order mainly officials of? | {
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} |
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae4 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | How many Cardinals were French in 1939? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae5 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | How many Cardinals were French in 1994? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | How many cardinals were members of the curia in 1929? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad307c0604f3c001a3fdae7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou... | What year did Pope Sixtus I fix the maximum size of the College of Cardinals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdad9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdada | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadb | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who does not supervise the Church's works in the districts of Rome? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadc | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who did not provide all social services in Rome during the early Middle Ages? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadd | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who is not given title to one of these seven deacons? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests. | What title is given to the highest ranking cardinals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad2 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests. | What position do cardinal deacons not hold? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests. | What do bishops become that are without diocesan responsibilities? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad4 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests. | What are cardinals who are not elevated to the diaconal order? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdac9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot... | What title is given to the newest member of the order of cardinal priests? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdaca | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot... | What position does Paulo Evaristo Arns of Columbia currently hold? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdacb | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot... | Whose ceremonial duties in the conclave continued after the age of 80? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdacc | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot... | Who was accepted into the conclave after the age of 80? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda8f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | Who does not need the approval of the Pope? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda90 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | What is the Dean of the College of Humanities also known as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda91 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | Who does not act as the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda92 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | Who approves the appointment of the Cardinal-dean by the Pope? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda93 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | What position belonged by right to the shortest-serving of the cardinal bishops? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda99 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | What did Pope Paul VI decree in 1965 about the patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9a | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | Who ranked after the seven cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | What title did patriarch cardinals receive? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | How many Western Patriarchs are currently cardinal bishops? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | Who can elect the dean or become dean? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | Who are the highest ranking priests in the Catholic church? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa4 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | Who are the most numerous of the four orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa5 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | Who is the lowest ranking priest in the Catholic Church? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | What are those named cardinal popes today generally bishops of? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | What position do some popes currently hold? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaad | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | What name was interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of popes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaae | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | What does the name "cardinal popes" originally refer to? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaaf | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | What is the name of the important nuns that are chosen by the pope to advice him? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdab0 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | Who holds the title Cardinal of Rome? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30171604f3c001a3fdab1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | What term did not gradually become exclusive to Rome to indicate those entrusted with electing the pope? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What does every cardinal priest not have? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What has not been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What did Pope Paul V abolish? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdaba | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What is not still posted in the church after Pope Paul VI abolished all administrative rights? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad30248604f3c001a3fdabb | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What are cardinals not expected to do? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of... | Who had a large number from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac2 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of... | What happened to the College of the Cardinals in the 3rd century? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of... | Who sought to cap the number of the College at 50? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac4 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of... | Who upheld the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda85 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | What were long-serving cardinal priests entitled to do ending in the mid-fifteenth century? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda86 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | What are cardinal deacons of eight years standing still entitled to become? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda87 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | Who has not been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papal appointment? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda88 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | How have cardinals been advance to cardinal priests? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda89 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | Who filled vacancies that arose among the cardinal priests? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb33 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities... | Which cardinal is known by all the Catholic Church? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb34 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities... | What does the cardinal named pectore know? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb35 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities... | What can a cardinal in pectore continue to function as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb36 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities... | What is done to cardinals that does not protect them or their congregations? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eaa | Iranian_languages | The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4... | What stage of Iranian languages from 400 BCE to 900 CE includes old Persian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eab | Iranian_languages | The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4... | What stage of Iranian language was in use until 400 BCE and included Parthian and Bactrian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eac | Iranian_languages | The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4... | When did the change from old Iranian to new Iranian occur? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605ead | Iranian_languages | The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4... | Where are the old Iranian languages Parthian and Bactrian from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb2 | Iranian_languages | As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi. | In what year were there hundred and 50 to 200 Iranian languages | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb3 | Iranian_languages | As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi. | What are some of the largest among the 200 Iranian languages? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb4 | Iranian_languages | As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi. | What were their 86 million of in 2008 | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c4619aa02b0018605eb8 | Iranian_languages | The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya. | What is any language that descends from ancestral Persian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c4619aa02b0018605eb9 | Iranian_languages | The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya. | What word is derived from Sanskrit and Arya? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c4619aa02b0018605eba | Iranian_languages | The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya. | Arya is derived from what ancestral language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ebe | Iranian_languages | The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha... | When did Robert Needham Cust introduced the term Iranian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ebf | Iranian_languages | The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha... | What term did Christian Lassen using 1878? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ec0 | Iranian_languages | The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha... | What did George Abraham Grierson and Christian Lassen contrast? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ec1 | Iranian_languages | The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha... | What scholars have revived the term Irano-Aryan | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec6 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su... | What other language did most Iranian languages descend from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec7 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su... | What other language besides Nuristani this proto-Iranian descent from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec8 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su... | What language does Proto-Indo Iranian descent from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec9 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su... | What languages are believed to have originated in central India? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18ccbd9aa02b0018605ece | Iranian_languages | It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p... | What Indo-European groups belong to the Satem language family? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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