Split (1)

train · 49.4k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	title stringlengths 3 59	context stringlengths 151 4.06k	question stringlengths 12 184	answers dict
5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe579	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Congress may establish "legislative courts," which do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions, whose members do not have the same security of tenure or compensation as the constitutional court judges. Legislative courts may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. In Murray's Lessee v. Hoboke...	Which type of courts are established by Hoboken Land & Improvement CO.?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe57a	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Congress may establish "legislative courts," which do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions, whose members do not have the same security of tenure or compensation as the constitutional court judges. Legislative courts may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. In Murray's Lessee v. Hoboke...	Which form do legislative courts take?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe57b	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Congress may establish "legislative courts," which do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions, whose members do not have the same security of tenure or compensation as the constitutional court judges. Legislative courts may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. In Murray's Lessee v. Hoboke...	Which power of the United States may legislative courts exercise?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe57c	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Congress may establish "legislative courts," which do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions, whose members do not have the same security of tenure or compensation as the constitutional court judges. Legislative courts may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. In Murray's Lessee v. Hoboke...	Which questions are legislative courts not able to adjudicate?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3887d604f3c001a3fe57d	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Congress may establish "legislative courts," which do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions, whose members do not have the same security of tenure or compensation as the constitutional court judges. Legislative courts may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. In Murray's Lessee v. Hoboke...	Which type of courts do legislative courts create in the form of judicial agencies?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58b	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or ...	How does Congress exercise a check over the President?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58c	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or ...	Who has the ability to override any veto made by Congress?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58d	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or ...	Which veto is the only one Congress is able to override with a two thirds majority?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58e	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or ...	Who settles the dispute when the President and Vice President cannot come to an agreement for a date of adjournment?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58f	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or ...	Who serves as President of the Senate and is the only member with voting rights?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d1	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient.	Who appoints the President with the approval of judges?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d2	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient.	Who appoints the Senate with the approval of judges?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d3	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient.	Who appoints judges with the President's approval?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d4	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient.	The president does not have the power to issue pardons or what else?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39362604f3c001a3fe6d5	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient.	Other than reprieves, what is the Senate able to issue?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe71d	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis. However, only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se, as well as to raise, fund and maintain t...	Who is the Commander in Chief of Congress?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe71e	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis. However, only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se, as well as to raise, fund and maintain t...	Who is the Commander in Chief of laws and regulations?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe71f	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis. However, only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se, as well as to raise, fund and maintain t...	Who lacks power to command the miliary take action during crises?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe720	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis. However, only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se, as well as to raise, fund and maintain t...	Who lacks authority to make laws to govern the armed forces?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad394a7604f3c001a3fe721	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The president is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis. However, only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se, as well as to raise, fund and maintain t...	Who is the only body with authority to declare majority vote?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39601604f3c001a3fe771	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury...	Through which type of review does the Constitution check the executive and legislative branches?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39601604f3c001a3fe772	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury...	In which case did the Constitution establish a precedent for judicial review?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39601604f3c001a3fe773	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury...	Through which type of review does the President check the executive and legislative branches?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39601604f3c001a3fe774	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury...	In which case did the Supreme Court establish a precedent for Federalist Papers?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39601604f3c001a3fe775	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury...	What abolished the principle that a court could strike down unconstitutional laws?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39730604f3c001a3fe7b5	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts. But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation. Decisions of a Court of Appeals, for instance, are binding only in the circuit over which the court...	Which court is the only one able to determine constitutionality?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39730604f3c001a3fe7b6	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts. But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation. Decisions of a Court of Appeals, for instance, are binding only in the circuit over which the court...	Which power are inferior courts unable to exercise?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39730604f3c001a3fe7b7	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts. But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation. Decisions of a Court of Appeals, for instance, are binding only in the circuit over which the court...	Which courts' decisions, other than Supreme Court, are binding across the country?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39730604f3c001a3fe7b8	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts. But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation. Decisions of a Court of Appeals, for instance, are binding only in the circuit over which the court...	Which is the only court unable to determine constitutionality?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e1	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction exce...	Who lacks the ability to review the constitutionality of laws?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e2	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction exce...	Who lacks the power to set the jurisdiction of courts?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e3	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction exce...	The Supreme court has power to set jurisdiction of what?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e4	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction exce...	Who has the ability to determine whether a Supreme Court is constitutional or not?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e5	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction exce...	The only constitutional limit on the Supreme Court's power to set jurisdiction relates to which body?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f5	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one.	Where does the Chief Justice preside during a Senate impeachment trial?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f6	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one.	Which rules grant much authority to the presiding officer?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f7	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one.	Who has an unlimited role in this regard?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f8	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one.	Where does the president preside during the Chief Justice impeachment trial?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39891604f3c001a3fe7f9	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one.	Which rules do not grant authority to the President?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe825	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that "it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In r...	Who wrote in the Constitution that legislative authority is predominate?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe826	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that "it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In r...	Where did the Constitution write that it's not possible to give each department equal power?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe827	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that "it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In r...	Who wrote that it was possible to give equal power of self defense to each department?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe828	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that "it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In r...	Which document explicitly indicates pre-eminence of the judicial branch of government?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3994a604f3c001a3fe829	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that "it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In r...	Which document explicitly indicates pre-eminence of the executive branch of government?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a3	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation an...	Between who and the Senate has dominance of one branch of government been a struggle?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a4	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation an...	After which war did Republicans hold a minority in Congress?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a5	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation an...	After which war did Democrats hold a majority in Congress?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a6	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation an...	Which act was passed to make Congress subordinate to the President?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39bb0604f3c001a3fe8a7	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation an...	The Tenure of Office Act says Congress is subordinate to who?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8c7	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none. James Madison, a firm believer in a strong executive, vetoed seven bills. None of the first six Presidents, ...	Which president vetoed six bills?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8c8	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none. James Madison, a firm believer in a strong executive, vetoed seven bills. None of the first six Presidents, ...	Who was the last president to use veto as a political weapon?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8c9	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none. James Madison, a firm believer in a strong executive, vetoed seven bills. None of the first six Presidents, ...	How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto to make him the least likely president to veto a bill?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8ca	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none. James Madison, a firm believer in a strong executive, vetoed seven bills. None of the first six Presidents, ...	Who stated "Andrew Jackson has made his decision. Now let him enforce it!"?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39d1e604f3c001a3fe8cb	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none. James Madison, a firm believer in a strong executive, vetoed seven bills. None of the first six Presidents, ...	Who defied the Supreme Court by enforcing Supreme Court Removal?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f5	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the "Radical Republicans." Congress, however...	After which war did Congress begin using power to counterbalance the President?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f6	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the "Radical Republicans." Congress, however...	Who vetoed several bills passed by the Radical Democrats?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f7	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the "Radical Republicans." Congress, however...	How many of Johnson's fifteen vetoes did Congress override?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f8	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the "Radical Republicans." Congress, however...	How many of Congress' 29 vetoes did Johnson override?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39da6604f3c001a3fe8f9	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the "Radical Republicans." Congress, however...	Through which act did Jackson attempt to curb presidential power?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea4f	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming a de facto Prime Minister. Grover Cleveland, the first Democratic P...	What did Cleveland's impeachment do to the presidency?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea50	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming a de facto Prime Minister. Grover Cleveland, the first Democratic P...	Who's impeachment was perceived as having helped the presidency?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea51	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming a de facto Prime Minister. Grover Cleveland, the first Democratic P...	Which body of government because subordinate to the presidency?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea52	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming a de facto Prime Minister. Grover Cleveland, the first Democratic P...	After Grover Cleveland, who was the first Democratic President?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a323604f3c001a3fea53	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming a de facto Prime Minister. Grover Cleveland, the first Democratic P...	Who was the first Republican President after Johnson?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea6d	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosev...	Which presidents have tried to decrease the power of the presidential office?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea6e	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosev...	Who claimed the president was not permitted to do whatever wasn't allowed by law?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea6f	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosev...	Who failed to have considerable power during the Great Depression?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea70	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosev...	Who had considerable power during the Great Recession?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a3c6604f3c001a3fea71	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosev...	Who introduced a plan to decrease the number of Supreme Court seats for the president to fill?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8b	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Richard Nixon used national security as a basis for his expansion of power. He asserted, for example, that "the inherent power of the President to safeguard the security of the nation" authorized him to order a wiretap without a judge's warrant. Nixon also asserted that "executive privilege" shielded him from all legis...	Who used the Supreme Court as a basis for expansion of power?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8c	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Richard Nixon used national security as a basis for his expansion of power. He asserted, for example, that "the inherent power of the President to safeguard the security of the nation" authorized him to order a wiretap without a judge's warrant. Nixon also asserted that "executive privilege" shielded him from all legis...	Who claimed that executive privilege did not shield him from legislative oversight?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8d	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Richard Nixon used national security as a basis for his expansion of power. He asserted, for example, that "the inherent power of the President to safeguard the security of the nation" authorized him to order a wiretap without a judge's warrant. Nixon also asserted that "executive privilege" shielded him from all legis...	Which president refused to spend money that was appropriated by the Supreme Court?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8e	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Richard Nixon used national security as a basis for his expansion of power. He asserted, for example, that "the inherent power of the President to safeguard the security of the nation" authorized him to order a wiretap without a judge's warrant. Nixon also asserted that "executive privilege" shielded him from all legis...	Into which tapes was there an ongoing civil investigation?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a4a3604f3c001a3fea8f	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Richard Nixon used national security as a basis for his expansion of power. He asserted, for example, that "the inherent power of the President to safeguard the security of the nation" authorized him to order a wiretap without a judge's warrant. Nixon also asserted that "executive privilege" shielded him from all legis...	Which president followed Congress' plan for appropriated government programs?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98b	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	It is said[by whom?] on one side of this debate that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that "checks and balances" app...	What does combination of powers mean?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98c	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	It is said[by whom?] on one side of this debate that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that "checks and balances" app...	What does not apply to the judicial branch?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98d	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	It is said[by whom?] on one side of this debate that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that "checks and balances" app...	What does not apply to any branch of government?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98e	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	It is said[by whom?] on one side of this debate that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that "checks and balances" app...	Branches are free to act in which way on all issues?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a050604f3c001a3fe98f	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	It is said[by whom?] on one side of this debate that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that "checks and balances" app...	The Judicial branch of government is the only one to which what is applied?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39f4a604f3c001a3fe955	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supre...	The regulation of Congress is an example of what?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39f4a604f3c001a3fe956	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supre...	While Supreme Court holds these powers, who does it delegate them to?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39f4a604f3c001a3fe957	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supre...	In practice, what is delegated to Congress?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39f4a604f3c001a3fe958	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supre...	What is Congress unable to withdraw?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe917	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The S...	In which supreme court is an example of the third view at the State level?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe918	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The S...	Where is an example of the second view at the National level found?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe919	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The S...	Which court is the only one able to set rules for procedures in State courts?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe91a	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The S...	Which court is the only one able to regulate attorneys appearing before the Supreme Court?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39e61604f3c001a3fe91b	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The S...	Which court is the only one able to license attorneys appearing before New Hampshire Supreme Court?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe899	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches. In fact, its power to exercise judicial review—its sole meaningful check on the other two branches—is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as ...	Which branch may be historically claimed to be the strongest of the branches of government?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe89a	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches. In fact, its power to exercise judicial review—its sole meaningful check on the other two branches—is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as ...	Which power of the judiciary is explicitly granted in the Constitution?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe89b	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches. In fact, its power to exercise judicial review—its sole meaningful check on the other two branches—is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as ...	How many times prior to Dred Scott v. Sandford had the Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe89c	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches. In fact, its power to exercise judicial review—its sole meaningful check on the other two branches—is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as ...	How many times before World War I has the Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe89d	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches. In fact, its power to exercise judicial review—its sole meaningful check on the other two branches—is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as ...	Before the Civil War, the Marbury had exercised its power to strike down what type of acts only twice?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9bd	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Many political scientists believe that separation of powers is a decisive factor in what they see as a limited degree of American exceptionalism. In particular, John W. Kingdon made this argument, claiming that separation of powers contributed to the development of a unique political structure in the United States. He ...	What do many political scientists think is a factor in an unlimited degree in American exceptionalism?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9be	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Many political scientists believe that separation of powers is a decisive factor in what they see as a limited degree of American exceptionalism. In particular, John W. Kingdon made this argument, claiming that separation of powers contributed to the development of a unique political structure in the United States. He ...	Who claimed that separation of powers deteriorated the unique political structure in the US?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9bf	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Many political scientists believe that separation of powers is a decisive factor in what they see as a limited degree of American exceptionalism. In particular, John W. Kingdon made this argument, claiming that separation of powers contributed to the development of a unique political structure in the United States. He ...	What do many political scientists attribute the large number of active interest groups in the US to?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9c0	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Many political scientists believe that separation of powers is a decisive factor in what they see as a limited degree of American exceptionalism. In particular, John W. Kingdon made this argument, claiming that separation of powers contributed to the development of a unique political structure in the United States. He ...	What does John W. Kingdon attribute the small number of interest groups in the US to?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a0e1604f3c001a3fe9c1	Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution	Many political scientists believe that separation of powers is a decisive factor in what they see as a limited degree of American exceptionalism. In particular, John W. Kingdon made this argument, claiming that separation of powers contributed to the development of a unique political structure in the United States. He ...	Who attributes the small number of active interest groups to the separation of powers?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf951e77cf76001a68535c	Architecture	Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived ...	What is the french word for architecture?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf951e77cf76001a68535d	Architecture	Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived ...	What is the Italian word for architecture?	{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }

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