id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 4.06k | question stringlengths 12 184 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5a18ccbd9aa02b0018605ecf | Iranian_languages | It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more p... | What language family originated in the mountains of Russia? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18d1639aa02b0018605ed2 | Iranian_languages | Proto-Iranian thus dates to some time after Proto-Indo-Iranian break-up, or the early second millennium BCE, as the Old Iranian languages began to break off and evolve separately as the various Iranian tribes migrated and settled in vast areas of southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia. | What language came sometime after the breakup of Proto-Iranian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18d1639aa02b0018605ed3 | Iranian_languages | Proto-Iranian thus dates to some time after Proto-Indo-Iranian break-up, or the early second millennium BCE, as the Old Iranian languages began to break off and evolve separately as the various Iranian tribes migrated and settled in vast areas of southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia. | What language broke up after the second millennium BCE? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18d1639aa02b0018605ed4 | Iranian_languages | Proto-Iranian thus dates to some time after Proto-Indo-Iranian break-up, or the early second millennium BCE, as the Old Iranian languages began to break off and evolve separately as the various Iranian tribes migrated and settled in vast areas of southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia. | When did the middle Iranian language begin to break off? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18d2529aa02b0018605ed8 | Iranian_languages | The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two have survived. These are: | What characteristic of middle Iranian civilization is shown by the limited number of languages and speakers? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5a18d2529aa02b0018605ed9 | Iranian_languages | The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two have survived. These are: | How many middle Iranian languages are still spoken today? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18d2529aa02b0018605eda | Iranian_languages | The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two have survived. These are: | What languages were spoken by a limited number of people? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605ede | Iranian_languages | Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and ... | What dialect was spoken in northwestern Iran | {
"text": [],
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} |
5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605edf | Iranian_languages | Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and ... | What official purpose was Middle Persian being used for in the fourth century BC? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605ee0 | Iranian_languages | Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and ... | What inscription was composed in the 4th Century BC. | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605ee1 | Iranian_languages | Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and ... | In which document composed in 520 BC was old Persian grammatically incorrect? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18d7dd9aa02b0018605ee2 | Iranian_languages | Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and ... | During what century was the change from old to middle Persian just beginning? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18da649aa02b0018605ee8 | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the A... | What dialect is the Avesta language from? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5a18da649aa02b0018605ee9 | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the A... | How many dialects of the Avesta language or there? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18da649aa02b0018605eea | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the A... | What religion is vohu daena the contemporary name for? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18da649aa02b0018605eeb | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the A... | Why did old Persian retained its old characteristics long after the old Iranian languages | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18da649aa02b0018605eec | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the A... | What language shows the same level of development as old Avestan | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e03a9aa02b0018605ef2 | Iranian_languages | In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor "Old Iranian" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) "Old" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Ca... | What language to Kurdish become? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e03a9aa02b0018605ef3 | Iranian_languages | In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor "Old Iranian" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) "Old" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Ca... | What cannot be inferred from the impact on a neighboring language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e03a9aa02b0018605ef4 | Iranian_languages | In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor "Old Iranian" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) "Old" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Ca... | What kind of substrate is Middle Iranian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e03a9aa02b0018605ef5 | Iranian_languages | In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor "Old Iranian" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) "Old" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Ca... | Who reported vocabulary for old Persian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e2249aa02b0018605efa | Iranian_languages | Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups. The geographic terms also have little meaning when applied to Youn... | What languages are grouped into northern and southern branches? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e2249aa02b0018605efb | Iranian_languages | Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups. The geographic terms also have little meaning when applied to Youn... | What language is associated with the Western branch of old Persian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e2249aa02b0018605efc | Iranian_languages | Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups. The geographic terms also have little meaning when applied to Youn... | What language is associated with the Eastern branch of Avestan? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e2249aa02b0018605efd | Iranian_languages | Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups. The geographic terms also have little meaning when applied to Youn... | What were the centers of imperial power in Persia? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5a18e2b99aa02b0018605f02 | Iranian_languages | Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division into Western and Eastern blocks. These concern the fate of the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants, *ć and *dź: | What Iranian dialects did not follow the Western and Eastern blocks? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e2b99aa02b0018605f03 | Iranian_languages | Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division into Western and Eastern blocks. These concern the fate of the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants, *ć and *dź: | What type of valves are c and dz? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e39c9aa02b0018605f06 | Iranian_languages | As a common intermediate stage, it is possible to reconstruct depalatalized affricates: *c, *dz. (This coincides with the state of affairs in the neighboring Nuristani languages.) A further complication however concerns the consonant clusters *ćw and *dźw: | What is contrary to the state of affairs in the Nuristani languages? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e39c9aa02b0018605f07 | Iranian_languages | As a common intermediate stage, it is possible to reconstruct depalatalized affricates: *c, *dz. (This coincides with the state of affairs in the neighboring Nuristani languages.) A further complication however concerns the consonant clusters *ćw and *dźw: | What other elements of early Iranian language support the East-West division? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e53d9aa02b0018605f0a | Iranian_languages | It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest... | What was not in use at the time? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e53d9aa02b0018605f0b | Iranian_languages | It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest... | What is the ancestor of old Iranian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e53d9aa02b0018605f0c | Iranian_languages | It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest... | c parallel the development of what other two letters? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e53d9aa02b0018605f0d | Iranian_languages | It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest... | Scythian was the ancestor of what other languages? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e5eb9aa02b0018605f12 | Iranian_languages | What is known in Iranian linguistic history as the "Middle Iranian" era is thought to begin around the 4th century BCE lasting through the 9th century. Linguistically the Middle Iranian languages are conventionally classified into two main groups, Western and Eastern. | What era began in the ninth century? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e5eb9aa02b0018605f13 | Iranian_languages | What is known in Iranian linguistic history as the "Middle Iranian" era is thought to begin around the 4th century BCE lasting through the 9th century. Linguistically the Middle Iranian languages are conventionally classified into two main groups, Western and Eastern. | What language was divided into a northern and southern division? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e72f9aa02b0018605f16 | Iranian_languages | The Western family includes Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) and Middle Persian, while Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) fall under the Eastern category. The two languages of the Western group were linguistically very close to each other, but quite distinct from their eastern counterpar... | What family includes party on an Old Persian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e72f9aa02b0018605f17 | Iranian_languages | The Western family includes Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) and Middle Persian, while Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) fall under the Eastern category. The two languages of the Western group were linguistically very close to each other, but quite distinct from their eastern counterpar... | What family includes Bactrain, Sogdian and old Iranian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e72f9aa02b0018605f18 | Iranian_languages | The Western family includes Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) and Middle Persian, while Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) fall under the Eastern category. The two languages of the Western group were linguistically very close to each other, but quite distinct from their eastern counterpar... | Where did the alphabet used by Western languages come from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e72f9aa02b0018605f19 | Iranian_languages | The Western family includes Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) and Middle Persian, while Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) fall under the Eastern category. The two languages of the Western group were linguistically very close to each other, but quite distinct from their eastern counterpar... | What script was used for Persian rating? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e8519aa02b0018605f1e | Iranian_languages | Middle Persian (Pahlavi) was the official language under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran. It was in use from the 3rd century CE until the beginning of the 10th century. The script used for Middle Persian in this era underwent significant maturity. Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian were also used as literary languages b... | Underwood dynasty was old Persian the official language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e8519aa02b0018605f1f | Iranian_languages | Middle Persian (Pahlavi) was the official language under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran. It was in use from the 3rd century CE until the beginning of the 10th century. The script used for Middle Persian in this era underwent significant maturity. Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian were also used as literary languages b... | What language was in use in Iran before the third century? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e8519aa02b0018605f20 | Iranian_languages | Middle Persian (Pahlavi) was the official language under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran. It was in use from the 3rd century CE until the beginning of the 10th century. The script used for Middle Persian in this era underwent significant maturity. Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian were also used as literary languages b... | What are three spoken languages use by the Manchaeans? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e8519aa02b0018605f21 | Iranian_languages | Middle Persian (Pahlavi) was the official language under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran. It was in use from the 3rd century CE until the beginning of the 10th century. The script used for Middle Persian in this era underwent significant maturity. Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian were also used as literary languages b... | Latin and Chinese writing were similar to what texts? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e9499aa02b0018605f26 | Iranian_languages | Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes fro... | What religion slowed the spread of the Iranian language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e9499aa02b0018605f27 | Iranian_languages | Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes fro... | What language do middle Iranian displace is the court's official language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e9499aa02b0018605f28 | Iranian_languages | Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes fro... | What was the last Dynasty to use Dari | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e9499aa02b0018605f29 | Iranian_languages | Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes fro... | Who stopped using Dari in 875 CE? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18e9499aa02b0018605f2a | Iranian_languages | Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes fro... | What was the official dialect of the royalty itself? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18eb359aa02b0018605f30 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Per... | The spread of what religion introduce the Persian script? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18eb359aa02b0018605f31 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Per... | When did the use of middle Persian script begin? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18eb359aa02b0018605f32 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Per... | When was Arabic script converted to Latin? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18eb359aa02b0018605f33 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Per... | What's began the conversion of Arabic script to Cyrillic? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18ec869aa02b0018605f38 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in par... | What language writing to some parts of eastern Iran? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18ec869aa02b0018605f39 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in par... | What two languages grew alongside Arabic? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18ec869aa02b0018605f3a | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in par... | By what century had the area inhabited by pre-Slavic people been absorbed by the Sarmations? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a18ec869aa02b0018605f3b | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in par... | What small area still speaks Sogdian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe25d | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was ca... | What originates in the writings of the Legislative powers? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe25e | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was ca... | Who urged for a government with four individual branches? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe25f | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was ca... | In which doctrine did the US call for three separate branches of government? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe260 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was ca... | Which philosophy was a great influence on the Legislative branch of government? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe261 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was ca... | Which document was greatly influenced by the idea of a constitutional government? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37aaa604f3c001a3fe3cd | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the... | During which age did Thomas Hobbes advocate the principle in his writing? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37aaa604f3c001a3fe3ce | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the... | During which age did John Locke oppose the principle in his writing? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37aaa604f3c001a3fe3cf | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the... | Who was at the forefront of the opposition towards separating the branches of government? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37aaa604f3c001a3fe3d0 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the... | Who's writings had no influence on the framers of the US constitution? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe40d | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed] Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, P... | Which political structure served as a model for the United Kingdom government? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe40e | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed] Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, P... | What body consisted of the House of Lords and the House of Majesty;s government? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe40f | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed] Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, P... | What were the Chancellor's Ministers mos often members of? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe410 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed] Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, P... | In which state was the Governor a member of the court of appeals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37d3d604f3c001a3fe411 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed] Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, P... | In which states did members of the Lord Chancellor's council and judges serve at the same time? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42b | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the Pre... | Who has shared legislative power in the United States? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42c | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the Pre... | Which doctrine says Congress can delegate its powers to whoever it wants? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42d | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the Pre... | In which year was the court case Clinton v. Supreme Court held? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42e | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the Pre... | Who may delegate lawmaking responsibilities to other agencies as it pleases? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37ec4604f3c001a3fe42f | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the Pre... | In which country does Congress have shared lawmaking responsibilities? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe447 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial proc... | Where has the Supreme Court been known to be more stringent towards Congress? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe448 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial proc... | What is one of the most recent races regarding limits of non delegation? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe449 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial proc... | When did the Supreme Court hear John Marshall v Southard? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe44a | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial proc... | Which case was heard by Congress in regards to non delegation limits? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad37fa8604f3c001a3fe44b | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial proc... | When was the US Congress Court Wayman v. Southard heard? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4fb | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States... | What gave Congress less latitude in delegating powers? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4fc | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States... | During which decade did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority as constitutional? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4fd | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States... | When did Congress make the decision that a delegation of authority is unconstitutional? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4fe | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States... | In which case was Congress able to authorize the president to formulate codes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad383b2604f3c001a3fe4ff | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States... | During which year did Congress authorize the presidential formulation of fair competition codes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad38450604f3c001a3fe517 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," r... | In whom is Congressional power vested? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad38450604f3c001a3fe518 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," r... | What does the Vice President become Commander in Chief of? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad38450604f3c001a3fe519 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," r... | By the words it uses, what does the Constitution require the President to do regarding laws? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad38450604f3c001a3fe51a | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," r... | Laws are made by the President and approved by which body? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad38450604f3c001a3fe51b | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," r... | Who may the President restrict through impeachment? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad386af604f3c001a3fe557 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consist... | Who often writes laws to restrain Congress to the performance of their duties? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad386af604f3c001a3fe558 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consist... | In which case did Congress decide that all powers would be vested in the Supreme Court consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad386af604f3c001a3fe559 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consist... | Congress decide that all powers would be vested in the Supreme Court consisting of a which two bodies? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad386af604f3c001a3fe55a | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consist... | In what year did Congress decide that all powers would be vested in the Supreme Court consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad386af604f3c001a3fe55b | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consist... | Who must be presented with every bill passed by the President? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe56f | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during the... | Which type of power is vested in Congress? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe570 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during the... | Who must be appointed by Supreme Court judges? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe571 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during the... | What are courts exercising presidential power referred to? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe572 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during the... | Who appoints judges to the presidency? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad387dc604f3c001a3fe573 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during the... | What type of power gives the power to decided controversies to the president? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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