id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 4.06k | question stringlengths 12 184 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5a893ce63b2508001a72a553 | Prime_number | For a long time, number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers in particular, was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics, with no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth to distribute wear evenly. In particular, number ... | What British mathematician took pride in doing work that he felt had no mathematical benefit? | {
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5a893ce63b2508001a72a554 | Prime_number | For a long time, number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers in particular, was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics, with no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth to distribute wear evenly. In particular, number ... | When was it discovered that prime numbers could be applied to the creation of public key military algorithms? | {
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5a893ce63b2508001a72a555 | Prime_number | For a long time, number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers in particular, was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics, with no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth to distribute wear evenly. In particular, number ... | Besides public key cryptography what is another application for military gear? | {
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5a893ce63b2508001a72a556 | Prime_number | For a long time, number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers in particular, was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics, with no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth to distribute wear evenly. In particular, number ... | What type of number generators make use of military gear? | {
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5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55c | Prime_number | Giuga's conjecture says that this equation is also a sufficient condition for p to be prime. Another consequence of Fermat's little theorem is the following: if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal, whose period is p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1. The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in ... | Assuming p is a prime other than 2 or 5, then according to Gluga's theorem, what type of decimal wil 1/p always be? | {
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5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55d | Prime_number | Giuga's conjecture says that this equation is also a sufficient condition for p to be prime. Another consequence of Fermat's little theorem is the following: if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal, whose period is p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1. The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in ... | According to Gluga's theorem, what period does 1/p always have assuming p is a prime that is not 2 or 5? | {
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5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55e | Prime_number | Giuga's conjecture says that this equation is also a sufficient condition for p to be prime. Another consequence of Fermat's little theorem is the following: if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal, whose period is p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1. The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in ... | According to Giuga's theorem, what factorial must be divisible by p if some integer p > 1 is to be considered prime? | {
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5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55f | Prime_number | Giuga's conjecture says that this equation is also a sufficient condition for p to be prime. Another consequence of Fermat's little theorem is the following: if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal, whose period is p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1. The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in ... | According to Gluga's theorem, what factorial must be divisible by n if some integer n > 4 is to be considered composite? | {
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5a8940ba3b2508001a72a560 | Prime_number | Giuga's conjecture says that this equation is also a sufficient condition for p to be prime. Another consequence of Fermat's little theorem is the following: if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal, whose period is p − 1 or a divisor of p − 1. The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in ... | What condition must be satisfied in order for p to be expressed in base 1 instead of base 10 and still have a period of p-1? | {
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5a8942233b2508001a72a566 | Prime_number | Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (for example, 512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024-bit primes are typical for Diffie–Hellman.). RSA relies on the assumption that it is much easier (i.e., more efficient) to perfo... | What is one type of private key cryptography algorithm? | {
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5a8942233b2508001a72a567 | Prime_number | Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (for example, 512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024-bit primes are typical for Diffie–Hellman.). RSA relies on the assumption that it is much easier (i.e., more efficient) to perfo... | What is another type of private key cryptography algorithm? | {
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5a8942233b2508001a72a568 | Prime_number | Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (for example, 512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024-bit primes are typical for Diffie–Hellman.). RSA relies on the assumption that it is much easier (i.e., more efficient) to perfo... | How many bits are often in the primes used for RSA private key cryptography algorithms? | {
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5a8942233b2508001a72a569 | Prime_number | Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (for example, 512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024-bit primes are typical for Diffie–Hellman.). RSA relies on the assumption that it is much easier (i.e., more efficient) to perfo... | On what type of exponentiation does the prime logarithm key exchange depend on? | {
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5a8942233b2508001a72a56a | Prime_number | Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers (for example, 512-bit primes are frequently used for RSA and 1024-bit primes are typical for Diffie–Hellman.). RSA relies on the assumption that it is much easier (i.e., more efficient) to perfo... | How many bits are typically used in the key exchange logarithms for for the Diffie-Hellman key exchange? | {
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5a8943753b2508001a72a570 | Prime_number | The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada make use of prime numbers. These insects spend most of their lives as grubs underground. They only pupate and then emerge from their burrows after 7, 13 or 17 years, at which point they fly about, breed, and then die after a few weeks at most. The logic ... | What type of insect employs the use of Magicicadas in its evolutionary strategy? | {
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5a8943753b2508001a72a571 | Prime_number | The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada make use of prime numbers. These insects spend most of their lives as grubs underground. They only pupate and then emerge from their burrows after 7, 13 or 17 years, at which point they fly about, breed, and then die after a few weeks at most. The logic ... | Where do predators spend the majority of their lives? | {
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5a8943753b2508001a72a572 | Prime_number | The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada make use of prime numbers. These insects spend most of their lives as grubs underground. They only pupate and then emerge from their burrows after 7, 13 or 17 years, at which point they fly about, breed, and then die after a few weeks at most. The logic ... | Other than 7 and 13, what other year interval do predators pupate? | {
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5a8943753b2508001a72a573 | Prime_number | The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada make use of prime numbers. These insects spend most of their lives as grubs underground. They only pupate and then emerge from their burrows after 7, 13 or 17 years, at which point they fly about, breed, and then die after a few weeks at most. The logic ... | What is the logic behind the cicadas outbreak? | {
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5a8943753b2508001a72a574 | Prime_number | The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada make use of prime numbers. These insects spend most of their lives as grubs underground. They only pupate and then emerge from their burrows after 7, 13 or 17 years, at which point they fly about, breed, and then die after a few weeks at most. The logic ... | How much larger would cicada populations be if predator outbreaks occurred at 14 and 15 year intervals? | {
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5a8944653b2508001a72a57a | Prime_number | The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics. Generally, "prime" indicates minimality or indecomposability, in an appropriate sense. For example, the prime field is the smallest subfield of a field F containing both 0 and 1. It is either Q... | What does the word component generally suggest? | {
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5a8944653b2508001a72a57b | Prime_number | The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics. Generally, "prime" indicates minimality or indecomposability, in an appropriate sense. For example, the prime field is the smallest subfield of a field F containing both 0 and 1. It is either Q... | For a field F containing 0 and 1, what would be the prime knot field? | {
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5a8944653b2508001a72a57c | Prime_number | The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics. Generally, "prime" indicates minimality or indecomposability, in an appropriate sense. For example, the prime field is the smallest subfield of a field F containing both 0 and 1. It is either Q... | What does it mean for a knot to be considered a p element? | {
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5a8944653b2508001a72a57d | Prime_number | The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics. Generally, "prime" indicates minimality or indecomposability, in an appropriate sense. For example, the prime field is the smallest subfield of a field F containing both 0 and 1. It is either Q... | How can any knot be a field of F? | {
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5a8944653b2508001a72a57e | Prime_number | The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics. Generally, "prime" indicates minimality or indecomposability, in an appropriate sense. For example, the prime field is the smallest subfield of a field F containing both 0 and 1. It is either Q... | What is an additional meaning intended when the word component is used? | {
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5a8945a43b2508001a72a584 | Prime_number | Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring R, an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements. An element p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does not ha... | What is the name of an integer in which addition, subtraction, and multiplication are defined? | {
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5a8945a43b2508001a72a585 | Prime_number | Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring R, an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements. An element p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does not ha... | What is one general concept that applies to elements of general xy? | {
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5a8945a43b2508001a72a586 | Prime_number | Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring R, an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements. An element p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does not ha... | What is another general concept that applies to elements of general xy? | {
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5a8945a43b2508001a72a587 | Prime_number | Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring R, an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements. An element p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does not ha... | What is one condition that an element p of $ must satisfy in order to be considered a multiplicative inverse? | {
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5a8945a43b2508001a72a588 | Prime_number | Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring R, an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements. An element p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does not ha... | Under what condition is an element a general xy? | {
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5a89464f3b2508001a72a58e | Prime_number | The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains. An example of such a domain is the Gaussian integers Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers. Its prime elements are known as Gaussian prime... | What theorem remains valid in unique Gaussian primes? | {
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5a89464f3b2508001a72a58f | Prime_number | The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains. An example of such a domain is the Gaussian integers Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers. Its prime elements are known as Gaussian prime... | What is one example of unique rational primes? | {
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5a89464f3b2508001a72a590 | Prime_number | The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains. An example of such a domain is the Gaussian integers Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers. Its prime elements are known as Gaussian prime... | What form do complex rational primes have? | {
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5a89464f3b2508001a72a591 | Prime_number | The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains. An example of such a domain is the Gaussian integers Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers. Its prime elements are known as Gaussian prime... | What do a and b represent in a rational prime expression? | {
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5a89464f3b2508001a72a592 | Prime_number | The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains. An example of such a domain is the Gaussian integers Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers. Its prime elements are known as Gaussian prime... | Of what form are rational Gaussians? | {
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5a89473c3b2508001a72a598 | Prime_number | In ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals, which generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal, are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra, algebraic number theory and algebraic geomet... | In what theory is the idea of a number exchanged with that of Noetherian arithmetic? | {
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5a89473c3b2508001a72a599 | Prime_number | In ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals, which generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal, are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra, algebraic number theory and algebraic geomet... | What type of ideals generalize Noetherian arithmetic? | {
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5a89473c3b2508001a72a59a | Prime_number | In ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals, which generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal, are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra, algebraic number theory and algebraic geomet... | What type of number theory utilizes and studies Noetherian arithmetic? | {
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5a89473c3b2508001a72a59b | Prime_number | In ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals, which generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal, are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra, algebraic number theory and algebraic geomet... | Which theorem can be simplified to the prime ideals theorem? | {
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5a89473c3b2508001a72a59c | Prime_number | In ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals, which generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal, are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra, algebraic number theory and algebraic geomet... | What type of commutative ring does the prime ideals theorem express every ideal as an intersection of Noetherian arithmetic in? | {
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5a8949463b2508001a72a5a2 | Prime_number | Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring. Arithmetic geometry also benefits from this notion, and many concepts exist in both geometry and number theory. For example, factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field, a basic proble... | What are the points of quadratic objects? | {
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5a8949463b2508001a72a5a3 | Prime_number | Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring. Arithmetic geometry also benefits from this notion, and many concepts exist in both geometry and number theory. For example, factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field, a basic proble... | What does factorization of quadratic equations approximate? | {
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5a8949463b2508001a72a5a4 | Prime_number | Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring. Arithmetic geometry also benefits from this notion, and many concepts exist in both geometry and number theory. For example, factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field, a basic proble... | In what type of ring can prime ideals be used for validating number theory? | {
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5a8949463b2508001a72a5a5 | Prime_number | Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring. Arithmetic geometry also benefits from this notion, and many concepts exist in both geometry and number theory. For example, factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field, a basic proble... | What does geometry ramification seek to achieve? | {
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5a8949463b2508001a72a5a6 | Prime_number | Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring. Arithmetic geometry also benefits from this notion, and many concepts exist in both geometry and number theory. For example, factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field, a basic proble... | What exist both in quadratic equations and integers? | {
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5a894a483b2508001a72a5ac | Prime_number | In particular, this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime). While completing Q (roughly, filling the gaps) with respect to the absolute value yields the field of real numbers, completing with respect to the p-adic norm |... | What happens to the norm when a number is multiplied by Q? | {
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5a894a483b2508001a72a5ad | Prime_number | In particular, this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime). While completing Q (roughly, filling the gaps) with respect to the absolute value yields the field of real numbers, completing with respect to the p-adic norm |... | To what may general arithmetic questions be transferred to or from? | {
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5a894a483b2508001a72a5ae | Prime_number | In particular, this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime). While completing Q (roughly, filling the gaps) with respect to the absolute value yields the field of real numbers, completing with respect to the p-adic norm |... | Completing p with respect to what will produce the field of real numbers? | {
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5a894a483b2508001a72a5af | Prime_number | In particular, this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime). While completing Q (roughly, filling the gaps) with respect to the absolute value yields the field of real numbers, completing with respect to the p-adic norm |... | What principle highlights the significance of real numbers? | {
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5a894a483b2508001a72a5b0 | Prime_number | In particular, this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime). While completing Q (roughly, filling the gaps) with respect to the absolute value yields the field of real numbers, completing with respect to the p-adic norm |... | What gets smaller when a number is prime? | {
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5a894b333b2508001a72a5b6 | Prime_number | Prime numbers have influenced many artists and writers. The French composer Olivier Messiaen used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena". In works such as La Nativité du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre études de rythme (1949–50), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different p... | Which French composer wrote metrical music using prime numbers? | {
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5a894b333b2508001a72a5b7 | Prime_number | Prime numbers have influenced many artists and writers. The French composer Olivier Messiaen used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena". In works such as La Nativité du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre études de rythme (1949–50), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different p... | What is one work by Neumes? | {
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5a894b333b2508001a72a5b8 | Prime_number | Prime numbers have influenced many artists and writers. The French composer Olivier Messiaen used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena". In works such as La Nativité du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre études de rythme (1949–50), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different p... | What is another piece created by Neumes? | {
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5a894b333b2508001a72a5b9 | Prime_number | Prime numbers have influenced many artists and writers. The French composer Olivier Messiaen used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena". In works such as La Nativité du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre études de rythme (1949–50), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different p... | IN which etude of Neumes rythmiques does the prime 19 appear in? | {
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5a894b333b2508001a72a5ba | Prime_number | Prime numbers have influenced many artists and writers. The French composer Olivier Messiaen used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena". In works such as La Nativité du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre études de rythme (1949–50), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different p... | What does Neumes say that composition with prime numbers was inspired by? | {
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5ad25e17d7d075001a428f12 | Rhine | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | What is the smallest nation that the Rhine runs through? | {
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5ad25e17d7d075001a428f13 | Rhine | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | How long is the Netherlands? | {
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5ad25e17d7d075001a428f14 | Rhine | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | In what country does the Danube empty? | {
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5ad25e17d7d075001a428f15 | Rhine | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | What is the population of the Netherlands? | {
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5ad25e17d7d075001a428f16 | Rhine | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | How long is the Germany? | {
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5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dc | Rhine | The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rēnos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhēnos), Latin Rhenus.[note 3] The spelling with Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin is due to the influence o... | Where are the variant forms of the name of the Rhine in ancient languages derived from? | {
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5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dd | Rhine | The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rēnos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhēnos), Latin Rhenus.[note 3] The spelling with Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin is due to the influence o... | What century did the Germanic vocalism Rin come from? | {
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5ad262fbd7d075001a4290de | Rhine | The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rēnos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhēnos), Latin Rhenus.[note 3] The spelling with Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin is due to the influence o... | What century did the spelling with Rh- in English Rhine come from? | {
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"answer_start": []
} |
5ad262fbd7d075001a4290df | Rhine | The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rēnos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhēnos), Latin Rhenus.[note 3] The spelling with Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin is due to the influence o... | What century did the French adopt the Germanic vocalism Rin-? | {
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5ad2649ad7d075001a429160 | Rhine | The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation proje... | What is the length of the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance? | {
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"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2649ad7d075001a429161 | Rhine | The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation proje... | What is the length of Hoek van Holland conventionally measured in? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2649ad7d075001a429162 | Rhine | The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation proje... | In what year was the Old Rhine Bridge shortened? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2649ad7d075001a429163 | Rhine | The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation proje... | In what year did Hoek van Holland begin canalization projects? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2649ad7d075001a429164 | Rhine | The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation proje... | How long is Lake Constance? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d8 | Rhine | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | Where does the Rhine make a distinctive turn to the south? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d9 | Rhine | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | How wide is the glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2660dd7d075001a4291da | Rhine | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | What is the name of natural dam that connects the Rhine Valley? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2660dd7d075001a4291db | Rhine | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | How long is Austria? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2660dd7d075001a4291dc | Rhine | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | What is the height of the Swiss canton? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad268a9d7d075001a42927e | Rhine | The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein ("Old Rhine") and in the East by a modern canalized section. Most of the delta is a nature reserve and bird sanctuary. It includes the Austrian towns of Gaißau, Höchst and Fußach. The natural Rhine or... | What forms Lake Constance into an inland delta? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad268a9d7d075001a42927f | Rhine | The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein ("Old Rhine") and in the East by a modern canalized section. Most of the delta is a nature reserve and bird sanctuary. It includes the Austrian towns of Gaißau, Höchst and Fußach. The natural Rhine or... | What is the delta delimited in the South by? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad268a9d7d075001a429280 | Rhine | The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein ("Old Rhine") and in the East by a modern canalized section. Most of the delta is a nature reserve and bird sanctuary. It includes the Austrian towns of Gaißau, Höchst and Fußach. The natural Rhine or... | What is the delta delimited in the North by? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad268a9d7d075001a429281 | Rhine | The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein ("Old Rhine") and in the East by a modern canalized section. Most of the delta is a nature reserve and bird sanctuary. It includes the Austrian towns of Gaißau, Höchst and Fußach. The natural Rhine or... | What is one of the mammal animals that lives in the nature reserve and bird sanctuary? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad268a9d7d075001a429282 | Rhine | The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein ("Old Rhine") and in the East by a modern canalized section. Most of the delta is a nature reserve and bird sanctuary. It includes the Austrian towns of Gaißau, Höchst and Fußach. The natural Rhine or... | What animal sometimes swims in the Rhine? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26aa8d7d075001a429320 | Rhine | A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. Its wat... | Where is the western canal regulation of the Rhine? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26aa8d7d075001a429321 | Rhine | A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. Its wat... | Where is the eastern canal regulation of the Rhine? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26aa8d7d075001a429322 | Rhine | A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. Its wat... | What has water that is a lighter color than the Rhine? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26aa8d7d075001a429323 | Rhine | A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. Its wat... | Why was Lake Tuggenersee regulated? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26aa8d7d075001a429324 | Rhine | A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. Its wat... | What lake no longer has any silt? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c0 | Rhine | Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee ("upper lake"), the Untersee ("lower lake"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein ("Lake Rhine"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps. Specifically, its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria a... | How many bodies of water make up the Rhine? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c1 | Rhine | Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee ("upper lake"), the Untersee ("lower lake"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein ("Lake Rhine"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps. Specifically, its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria a... | Where is the border of Bavaria? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c2 | Rhine | Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee ("upper lake"), the Untersee ("lower lake"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein ("Lake Rhine"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps. Specifically, its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria a... | Where is the border of Germany? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c3 | Rhine | Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee ("upper lake"), the Untersee ("lower lake"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein ("Lake Rhine"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps. Specifically, its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria a... | Which border does the Rhine flow from the north? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c4 | Rhine | Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee ("upper lake"), the Untersee ("lower lake"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein ("Lake Rhine"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps. Specifically, its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria a... | How many bodies of water make up the Obersee? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26fafd7d075001a42942c | Rhine | The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water.... | What water abruptly falls into the depths due to the greater density of warmer water? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26fafd7d075001a42942d | Rhine | The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water.... | What does the word Seerhein translate to? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26fafd7d075001a42942e | Rhine | The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water.... | What water is constantly visible along the entire length of the lake? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26fafd7d075001a42942f | Rhine | The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water.... | A large part of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into where? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad26fafd7d075001a429430 | Rhine | The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water.... | What water has cold green waters? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d4 | Rhine | The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at... | What is the major tributary of Lake Constance? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d5 | Rhine | The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at... | The Hochrhein more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge to what amount? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d6 | Rhine | The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at... | Where does Lake Constance emerge from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d7 | Rhine | The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at... | What lake contains part of the Rhine Falls? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d8 | Rhine | The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at... | What is the lowest point of the Rhine basin called? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad275c8d7d075001a429504 | Rhine | In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North. Here the High Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine. The river now flows North ... | What is the bend called where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from East to North? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5ad275c8d7d075001a429505 | Rhine | In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North. Here the High Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine. The river now flows North ... | What is the last major bend in the Rhine called? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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