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In organic chemistry, thiocarbamates (thiourethanes) are a family of organosulfur compounds. As the prefix thio- suggests, they are sulfur analogues of carbamates. There are two isomeric forms of thiocarbamates: O-thiocarbamates, (esters), and S-thiocarbamates, (thioesters). | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Esters can also be derived from inorganic acids.
*Perchloric acid forms perchlorate esters, e.g., methyl perchlorate ()
*Sulfuric acid forms sulfate esters, e.g., dimethyl sulfate () and methyl bisulfate ()
*Nitric acid forms nitrate esters, e.g. methyl nitrate () and nitroglycerin ()
*Phosphoric acid forms phosphate e... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
FAM227B is a protein that in humans is encoded by FAM227B gene. FAM227B stands for family with sequence similarity 227 member B and encodes protein FAM227B of the same name. Its aliases include C15orf33, MGC57432 and FLJ23800. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Warburg hypothesis (), sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer, postulates that the driver of tumorigenesis is an insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult to mitochondria. The term Warburg effect in oncology describes the observation that cancer cells, and many cells grown in vitro, exhibit gluco... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For economic and other reasons, bitumen is sometimes sold combined with other materials, often without being labeled as anything other than simply "bitumen".
Of particular note is the use of re-refined engine oil bottoms – "REOB" or "REOBs"the residue of recycled automotive engine oil collected from the bottoms of re-r... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*Materials Performance magazine
*CoatingsPro magazine
*CORROSION journal
*technical and reference books
*podcasts and webcasts | 8 | Metallurgy |
Transition metal benzyne complexes represent a special case of alkyne complexes since the free benzynes are not stable in the absence of the metal. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Clinopyroxene thermobarometry is a scientific method that uses the mineral clinopyroxene to determine the temperature and pressure of the magma when the mineral crystalized. Clinopyroxene is found in many igneous rocks, so the method can be used to determine information about the entire rock. Many different minerals ca... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In stereochemistry, an epimer is one of a pair of diastereomers. The two epimers have opposite configuration at only one stereogenic center out of at least two. All other stereogenic centers in the molecules are the same in each. Epimerization is the interconversion of one epimer to the other epimer.
Doxorubicin and ep... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) materials have the advantages of needing low excitation power and having changeable emission and excitation light wavelengths. Due to these advantages, many applications of TTA-UC materials have been explored. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When both steric and polar effects influence the reaction rate the Taft equation can be solved for both ρ* and δ through the use of standard least squares methods for determining a bivariant regression plane. Taft outlined the application of this method to solving the Taft equation in a 1957 paper. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The somatic fusion process occurs in four steps:
# The removal of the cell wall of one cell of each type of plant using cellulase enzyme to produce a somatic cell called a protoplast
# The cells are then fused using electric shock (electrofusion) or chemical treatment to join the cells and fuse together the nuclei.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Computer simulations can only yield so much insight, as one would be required to run simulations on a wide range of parameter values, which can be unwieldy. A generally more powerful way to understand the properties of a model is to solve the differential equations analytically.
Analytical solutions are possible if si... | 1 | Biochemistry |
All five families of luminescent beetle, Phengodidae, Rhagophthalidae, Elateridae, Sinopyrophoridae, and Lampyridae are categorized into the Lampyroid clade. It has been determined that the luciferases and luciferin protein expressed in the photocytes of all species of firefly is homologous with that expressed in beetl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* [https://books.google.com.ua/books/about/Le_fer_de_Dieu.html?id=urRyoAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y Le fer de Dieu : histoire de la météorite de Chinguetti], with Théodore Monod, Actes Sud, 2008, 152 pages. ISBN 978-2742775521.
* [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2011GL047173 Low temperature magnetic tra... | 9 | Geochemistry |
* CTDP1
* CTDSP1, CTDSP2, CTDSPL
* DULLARD
* EPM2A
* ILKAP
* MDSP
* PGAM5
* PHLPP1, PHLPP2
* PPEF1, PPEF2
* PPM1A, PPM1B, PPM1D, PPM1E, PPM1F, PPM1G, PPM1H, PPM1J, PPM1K, PPM1L, PPM1M, PPM1N
* PPTC7
* PTPMT1
* SSU72
* UBLCP1 | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are five main types of experimental data that are used for the determination of solution equilibrium constants. Potentiometric data obtained with a glass electrode are the most widely used with aqueous solutions. The others are Spectrophotometric, Fluorescence (luminescence) measurements and NMR chemical shift me... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
To form an A-B-A-B-... hexagonal close packing of spheres, the coordinate points of the lattice will be the spheres centers. Suppose, the goal is to fill a box with spheres according to HCP. The box would be placed on the x-y-z' coordinate space.
First form a row of spheres. The centers will all lie on a straight line.... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Archaerhodopsin 1 and 2 (AR1 and AR2) were the first archaerhodopsins to be identified and are expressed by Halobacterium sp. Aus-1 and Aus-2 respectively. Both species were first isolated in Western Australia in the late 1980s. The crystal structures of both proteins were solved by Kunio Ihara, Tsutomo Kouyama and co-... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In epitranscriptomic sequencing, most methods focus on either (1) enrichment and purification of the modified RNA molecules before running on the RNA sequencer, or (2) improving or modifying bioinformatics analysis pipelines to call the modification peaks. Most methods have been adapted and optimized for mRNA molecule... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Quinone molecules have been used as anolytes in alkaline AROFBs. Another anolyte candidate is fluorenone, reengineered to increase its water solubility. A reversible ketone (de)hydrogenation demonstration cell operated continuously for 120 days over 1,111 charging cycles at room temperature without a catalyst, retaini... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A widely accepted explanation is that there is a stabilizing interaction (hyperconjugation) between the unshared electron pair on the endocyclic heteroatom (within the sugar ring) and the σ* orbital of the axial (exocyclic) C–X bond. This causes the molecule to align the donating lone pair of electrons antiperiplanar (... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Focusing his research on photochemistry, Natarajan studied various areas of the discipline such as polymer dynamics using fluorescence, flash photolysis studies using picosecond and femtosecond lasers and solar energy conversion. He demonstrated that micromolecular dye coatings of electrodes used in photoelectrochemic... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Inorganic nanoparticles, such as gold, silica, iron oxide (ex. magnetofection) and calcium phosphates have been shown to be capable of gene delivery. Some of the benefits of inorganic vectors is in their storage stability, low manufacturing cost and often time, low immunogenicity, and resistance to microbial attack. Na... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Increasing levels of nitrogen deposition are shown to have a number of negative effects on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Nitrogen gases and aerosols can be directly toxic to certain plant species, affecting the aboveground physiology and growth of plants near large point sources of nitrogen pollution. Change... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Amorphous materials will have some degree of short-range order at the atomic-length scale due to the nature of intermolecular chemical bonding. Furthermore, in very small crystals, short-range order encompasses a large fraction of the atoms; nevertheless, relaxation at the surface, along with interfacial effects, disto... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Once the fatty acid is inside the mitochondrial matrix, beta-oxidation occurs by cleaving two carbons every cycle to form acetyl-CoA. The process consists of 4 steps.
# A long-chain fatty acid is dehydrogenated to create a trans double bond between C2 and C3. This is catalyzed by acyl CoA dehydrogenase to produce trans... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Aluminium granules have been found safer and economical compared to atomized aluminium powder. Aluminium granules have lower explosion risk in production and in use of the product itself. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The columns are made of stainless steel. Conical vanes are attached alternately to the wall of the column and to a central rotating shaft. The product is poured in at the top under vacuum, and steam is pumped into the column from below. The vanes provide a large surface area over which volatile compounds can evaporat... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A transcriptome in vivo analysis tag (TIVA tag) is a multifunctional, photoactivatable mRNA-capture molecule designed for isolating mRNA from a single cell in complex tissues.
__TOC__ | 1 | Biochemistry |
A fresnel is a unit of frequency equal to 10 s. It was occasionally used in the field of spectroscopy, but its use has been superseded by terahertz (with the identical value 10 hertz). It is named for Augustin-Jean Fresnel the physicist whose expertise in optics led to the creation of Fresnel lenses. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Activated by calcium, the enzyme digests proteins preferentially after hydrophobic amino acids (aliphatic, aromatic and other hydrophobic amino acids). Although calcium ions do not affect the enzyme activity, they do contribute to its stability.
Proteins will be completely digested if the incubation time is long and th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
According to the IUPAC definition, in RRC(OH)OR R and R may or may not be a hydrogen. In a hemiketal, neither R-group can be a hydrogen. Hemiketals are regarded as hemiacetals where none of the R-groups are H, and are therefore a subclass of the hemiacetals. The Greek prefix hèmi means half, refers to the fact that a s... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The selection rule of electrocyclization reactions is given in the original statement of the Woodward–Hoffmann rules. If a generalized electrocyclic ring closure occurs in a polyene of 4n π-electrons, then it is conrotatory under thermal conditions and disrotatory under photochemical conditions. Conversely in a polye... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Indolicidin is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from neutrophil blood cells of cows. The mature peptide is just 13 amino acids, making it one of the smallest antimicrobial peptides known to be encoded as the primary product of the encoding antimicrobial peptide gene. Indolicidin is active against bacterial pathogens, ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Modified aldol tandem reaction is a sequential chemical transformation that combines aldol reaction with other chemical reactions that generate enolates. Enolates are a common building block in chemical syntheses and are typically formed by the addition of base to a ketone or aldehyde. Modified Aldol tandem reactions a... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Available coatings include polyesters, plastisols, polyurethanes, polyvinylidene fluorides (PVDF), epoxies, primers, backing coats and laminate films. For each product, the coating is built up in a number of layers.
Primer coatings form the essential link between the pretreatment and the finish coating. Essentially, a ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The journal publishes the following types of articles
*Research Papers, original scientific work that has not been published previously
*Communications, original scientific work that has not been published previously and is of an urgent nature
*Perspectives, review articles of interest to a broad readership which are c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
He was born on December 31, 1905, in Ordubad.
In 1923, he entered the higher pedagogical institute of Baku. In 1926, after successful graduation from the institute he taught at secondary school for 3 years. In 1929, he became a second-year student of chemistry faculty of MSU, from which he graduated in 1932. He was a s... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Negative regulators act to prevent transcription or translation. Examples such as cFLIP suppress cell death mechanisms leading to pathological disorders like cancer, and thus play a crucial role in drug resistance. Circumvention of such actors is a challenge in cancer therapy.
Negative regulators of cell death in canc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the early days, Mander was involved in extracting chemicals in plants that might help fight against cancer. Eventually, he turned his research skills to “...the gibberellin family of plant bioregulators". He further developed his interest in this chemical group to include an understanding of their role in plant deve... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Stickland fermentation or The Stickland Reaction is the name for a chemical reaction that involves the coupled oxidation and reduction of amino acids to organic acids. The electron donor amino acid is oxidised to a volatile carboxylic acid one carbon atom shorter than the original amino acid. For example, alanine wit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A solution of methyl(cyano)cuprate (Solution A) was prepared as follows: to a suspension of 0.35 g (3.91 mmol) of copper(I) cyanide in 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran under argon at 0° was added dropwise over about 5 minutes 2.76 mL of a solution of methyllithium in ethyl ether (1.4 M, 3.86 mmol). The colorless solution was st... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In an anisotropic medium, such as a crystal, the polarisation field P is not necessarily aligned with the electric field of the light E. In a physical picture, this can be thought of as the dipoles induced in the medium by the electric field having certain preferred directions, related to the physical structure of the ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The probe to be detected is labeled with some biotin-molecules. After incubation with a gold-coupled anti-biotin conjugate, silver nitrate and a reducing agent are added. The reaction starts whereas the gold particle serves as a starting point for the silver precipitation.
The reaction needs to be stopped after a spec... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Mitochondria are commonly referred to as the cells "powerhouses" because of their capacity to effectively produce ATP which is essential to maintain cellular homeostasis and metabolism. Moreover, researchers have gained a better knowledge of mitochondrias significance in cell biology because of the discovery of cell si... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ribosomal frameshifting may be controlled by mechanisms found in the mRNA sequence (cis-acting). This generally refers to a slippery sequence, a RNA secondary structure, or both. A −1 frameshift signal consists of both elements separated by a spacer region typically 5–9 nucleotides long. Frameshifting may also be induc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One of the most time-consuming aspects of endotoxin testing using LAL is pretreating samples to overcome assay inhibition that may interfere with the LAL test such that the recovery of endotoxin is affected. If the product being tested causes the endotoxin recovery to be less than expected, the product is inhibitory to... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
: This type of reactor contains several tubes with small diameters. These tubes contain catalysts and are surrounded by cooling water which removes the heat of the reaction. A fixed-bed reactor is suitable for operation at low temperatures and has an upper-temperature limit of 257 °C (530 K). Excess temperature leads t... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The study of MA structure and function is challenging, in particular because of their megadalton size, but also because of their complex compositions and varying dynamic natures. Most have had standard chemical and biochemical methods applied (methods of protein purification and centrifugation, chemical and electroche... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The C-terminus of RPB1 is appended to form the C-terminal domain (CTD). The carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II typically consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser. The domain stretches from the core of the RNAPII enzyme to the exit channel, this placement is effective due to its... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The innate immune system has evolved to protect against infection by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and triggering a complex set of responses collectively known as "inflammation". Many cells express specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for exogenous RNA including toll-like receptor ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The discovery of oncometabolites has ushered in a new era in cancer biology, one that has the potential to improve patient care. The discovery of new therapeutic and reliable markers that exploit vulnerabilities of cancer cells, are being used to targeting either upstream or downstream effectors of these pathways. Onco... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In eukaryotic somatic cells, the poly(A) tails of most mRNAs in the cytoplasm gradually get shorter, and mRNAs with shorter poly(A) tail are translated less and degraded sooner. However, it can take many hours before an mRNA is degraded. This deadenylation and degradation process can be accelerated by microRNAs complem... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The mature mRNA finds its way to a ribosome, where it gets translated. In prokaryotic cells, which have no nuclear compartment, the processes of transcription and translation may be linked together without clear separation. In eukaryotic cells, the site of transcription (the cell nucleus) is usually separated from the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
DNA in solution does not take a rigid structure but is continually changing conformation due to thermal vibration and collisions with water molecules, which makes classical measures of rigidity impossible to apply. Hence, the bending stiffness of DNA is measured by the persistence length, defined as:
This value may be ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Hypothermia has played a major role in the success or failure of many military campaigns, from Hannibals loss of nearly half his men in the Second Punic War (218 B.C.) to the near destruction of Napoleons armies in Russia in 1812. Men wandered around confused by hypothermia, some lost consciousness and died, others shi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The simplest and most commonly encountered of the phosphoric acids is orthophosphoric acid, . Indeed, the term phosphoric acid often means this compound specifically (and this is also the current IUPAC nomenclature). | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
As much as 25% of the primary production from phytoplankton in the global oceans may be recycled within the microbial loop through viral shunting. The viral shunt is a mechanism whereby marine viruses prevent microbial particulate organic matter (POM) from migrating up trophic levels by recycling them into dissolved ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Urea is basic and is protonated readily. It is also a Lewis base, forming metal complexes of the type .
Urea reacts with malonic esters to make barbituric acids. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The strength of a material is dependent on how easily dislocations in its crystal lattice can be propagated. These dislocations create stress fields within the material depending on their character. When solute atoms are introduced, local stress fields are formed that interact with those of the dislocations, impeding t... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In the developed world, the estimated daily intake of CoQ has been determined at 3–6 mg per day, derived primarily from meat.
South Koreans have an estimated average daily CoQ (Q + Q) intake of 11.6 mg/d, derived primarily from kimchi. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many solvents can lead to a sudden loss of consciousness if inhaled in large amounts. Solvents like diethyl ether and chloroform have been used in medicine as anesthetics, sedatives, and hypnotics for a long time. Many solvents (e.g. from gasoline or solvent-based glues) are abused recreationally in glue sniffing, ofte... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In sporadic cancers, a DNA repair deficiency is occasionally found to be due to a mutation in a DNA repair gene. However, much more frequently, reduced or absent expression of a DNA repair gene in cancer is due to methylation of its promoter. For example, of 113 colorectal cancers examined, only four had a missense m... | 1 | Biochemistry |
TLRs are present in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. Molecular building blocks of the TLRs are represented in bacteria and in plants, and plant pattern recognition receptors are well known to be required for host defence against infection. The TLRs thus appear to be one of the most ancient, conserved components ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The formation of amide is promoted by CDI. Although the reactivity of CDI is less than acid chlorides, it is more easily handled and avoids the use of thionyl chloride in acid chloride formation, which can cause side reactions. An early application of this type of reaction was noted in the formation of peptide bonds (... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
British physician George Oliver and physiologist Edward Albert Schäfer, professor at University College London, collaborated on the physiological effects of adrenal extracts. They first published their findings in two reports in 1894, a full publication followed in 1895. Though frequently falsely attributed to secretin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Three explanations are frequently used to explain the series:
#The ionic radius is expected to decrease regularly from Mn(II) to Zn(II). This is the normal periodic trend and would account for the general increase in stability.
#The crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) increases from zero for Mn(II) to a maximum a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
TGA can be used to evaluate the thermal stability of a material. In a desired temperature range, if a species is thermally stable, there will be no observed mass change. Negligible mass loss corresponds to little or no slope in the TGA trace. TGA also gives the upper use temperature of a material. Beyond this temperatu... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The synthesis of the pyrimidines CTP and UTP occurs in the cytoplasm and starts with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine and CO. Next, aspartate carbamoyltransferase catalyzes a condensation reaction between aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to form carbamoyl aspartic acid, which is cyclized into 4,5-di... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In general, photosynthesis in cyanobacteria uses water as an electron donor and produces oxygen as a byproduct, though some may also use hydrogen sulfide a process which occurs among other photosynthetic bacteria such as the purple sulfur bacteria.
Carbon dioxide is reduced to form carbohydrates via the Calvin cycle. T... | 5 | Photochemistry |
For a given cation, Pauling defined the electrostatic bond strength to each coordinated anion as , where z is the cation charge and ν is the cation coordination number. A stable ionic structure is arranged to preserve local electroneutrality, so that the sum of the strengths of the electrostatic bonds to an anion equal... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
AMPylation is involved in bacterial homeostasis. The most famous example is AMPylator GS-ATase (GlnE), which contributes in complex regulation of nitrogen metabolism through AMPylation of glutamine synthetase that was introduced in the AMPylation and DeAMPylation parts.
Another example of AMPylators that play a role in... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The organization of the DNA that is achieved by the nucleosome cannot fully explain the packaging of DNA observed in the cell nucleus. Further compaction of chromatin into the cell nucleus is necessary, but it is not yet well understood. The current understanding is that repeating nucleosomes with intervening "linker"... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The principal components of volcanic gases are water vapor (HO), carbon dioxide (CO), sulfur either as sulfur dioxide (SO) (high-temperature volcanic gases) or hydrogen sulfide (HS) (low-temperature volcanic gases), nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Other compounds detected in volcan... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
For symmetric rotors a quantum number J is associated with the total angular momentum of the molecule. For a given value of J, there is a 2J+1- fold degeneracy with the quantum number, M taking the values +J ...0 ... -J. The third quantum number, K is associated with rotation about the principal rotation axis of the mo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
As thiolated polymers exhibit biocompatibility, cellular mimicking properties and efficiently support proliferation and differentiation of various cell types, they are used as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Furthermore thiolated polymers such as thiolated hyaluronic acid and thiolated chitosan were shown to exhibit ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
AFM operation is usually described as one of three modes, according to the nature of the tip motion: contact mode, also called static mode (as opposed to the other two modes, which are called dynamic modes); tapping mode, also called intermittent contact, AC mode, or vibrating mode, or, after the detection mechanism, a... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The Gilman test is a chemical test for the detection of Grignard reagents and organolithium reagents.
A 0.5 mL sample is added to a 1% solution of Mischler's ketone in benzene or toluene. To this solution is added 1 mL of water for hydrolysis to take place and then several drops of 0.2% iodine in glacial acetic acid. I... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Phenol extraction is a processing technology used to prepare phenols as raw materials, compounds or additives for industrial wood processing and for chemical industries.
Extraction can be performed using different solvents. There is a risk that polyphenol oxidase (PPO) degrades the phenolic content of the sample theref... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Most aquatic habitats are occupied by fish or other animals requiring certain minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations to survive. Dissolved oxygen concentrations may be measured directly in wastewater, but the amount of oxygen potentially required by other chemicals in the wastewater is termed as oxygen demand. Dissolv... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Rutledge received his BSc in chemistry and biochemistry from the University of Auckland in 1993. He received his MSc from the same institution with first class honours in chemistry in 1995. He left New Zealand in 1995 and obtained his DPhil at Magdalen College, Oxford working with Jack Edward Baldwin in 1999. He was a ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA. If it is found on the 5 side, it is called the 5 UTR (or leader sequence), or if it is found on the 3 side, it is called the 3 UTR (or trailer sequence). mRNA is RNA that c... | 1 | Biochemistry |
To produce a ton of steel in an electric arc furnace requires approximately 400 kilowatt-hours (1.44 gigajoules) per short ton or about 440 kWh (1.6 GJ) per tonne. The theoretical minimum amount of energy required to melt a tonne of scrap steel is 300 kWh (1.09 GJ) (melting point ). Therefore, a 300-tonne, 300 MVA EAF ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Plasma electron temperatures can range between ~6,000 K and ~10,000 K and are usually several orders of magnitude greater than the temperature of the neutral species. Argon ICP plasma discharge temperatures are typically ~5,500 to 6,500 K and are therefore comparable to that reached at the surface (photosphere) of the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Dechelation (or de-chelation) is a reverse process of the chelation in which the chelating agent is recovered by acidifying solution with a mineral acid to form a precipitate. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Some countries use the International Maximum Residue Limits -Codex Alimentarius to define the residue limits; this was established by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) in 1963 to develop international food standards, guidelines codes of practices, and rec... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
* pentacyanopyridine -
* tetracyanopyrazine -
* tricyanotriazine -
* tetracyano-bitriazine -
* dicyanotetrazine -
* hexacyanotrisimidazole -
* hexacyanohexaazatriphenylene - | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
These methods are referred to as reverse genetics. Reverse genetics is an approach to discover the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypic effects of specific gene sequences obtained by DNA sequencing | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1999 the laboratory of Prof. Dr. Ben L. Feringa at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, reported the creation of a unidirectional molecular rotor. Their 360° molecular motor system consists of a bis-helicene connected by an alkene double bond displaying axial chirality and having two stereocenters.
One cycl... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The method uses scattering parameters of a material sample embedded in a waveguide, namely and , to calculate permittivity and permeability data. and correspond to the cumulative reflection and transmission coefficient of the sample that are referenced to the each sample end, respectively: these parameters account f... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Transcriptomics studies generate large amounts of data that have potential applications far beyond the original aims of an experiment. As such, raw or processed data may be deposited in public databases to ensure their utility for the broader scientific community. For example, as of 2018, the Gene Expression Omnibus co... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Alkenyl- and alkynylaluminates are most commonly generated through the addition of n-butyllithium to the alkenylalane. The alkenyl and alkynyl groups, which are better able to stabilize negative charge, are transferred in preference to the alkyl group. When these intermediates react with alkyl halides, functionalized o... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Host response is defined as the "response of the host organism (local and systemic) to the implanted material or device". Most materials will have a reaction when in contact with the human body. The success of a biomaterial relies on the host tissue's reaction with the foreign material. Specific reactions between the h... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Between 1986 and 1989, she was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of California, San Francisco where she researched prion diseases and published with Stanley Prusiner. In 1989, she was the first author on a paper published in Nature, entitled "Linkage of a prion protein missense variant to Gerstmann‑Sträussler s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The butyrate or butanoate ion, , is the conjugate base of butyric acid. It is the form found in biological systems at physiological pH. A butyric (or butanoic) compound is a carboxylate salt or ester of butyric acid. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Poolman has made seminal contributions to the understanding of the dynamics and permeability of biological membranes and to the field of vectorial biochemistry, that is, the role of electrochemical gradients in the fuelling and regulation of membrane transport. He demonstrated that the exchange of different sugars can... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
RNA molecules that do not code for any proteins still maintain a function in the cell. The function of the RNA depends on its classification. These roles include:
* aiding protein synthesis
* catalyzing reactions
* regulating various processes.
Protein synthesis is aided by functional RNA molecules such as tRNA, which ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The relationship below provides a way to determine the volume-based concentration of any individual gaseous component
where c is the concentration of component i.
Dalton's law is not strictly followed by real gases, with the deviation increasing with pressure. Under such conditions the volume occupied by the molecules ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Association studies can determine whether a genetic variant is associated with a disease or trait.
* A tag SNP is a representative single-nucleotide polymorphism in a region of the genome with high linkage disequilibrium (the non-random association of alleles at two or more loci). Tag SNPs are useful in whole-genome ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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