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In chemistry, nuclear physics, and particle physics, inelastic scattering is a process in which the kinetic energy of a particle or a system of particles changes after a collision. Formally, the kinetic energy of the incident particle is not conserved (in contrast to elastic scattering). In an inelastic scattering proc... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A proper rotation refers to simple rotation about an axis. Such operations are denoted by where is a rotation of or performed times. The superscript is omitted if it is equal to one. is a rotation through 360°, where . It is equivalent to the Identity () operation. is a rotation of 180°, as is a rotation of 1... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Converting a mixture of H and CO into aliphatic products is a multi-step reaction with several intermediate compounds. The growth of the hydrocarbon chain may be visualized as involving a repeated sequence in which hydrogen atoms are added to carbon and oxygen, the C–O bond is split and a new C–C bond is formed.
For on... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Before the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and biomarkers, correlation of locations' geology was used to find how different formations relate to each other and to their environment. Oil-oil correlations (comparing petroleum to other oil found locally or in other areas) and oil-source correlations (comparing... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Due to its relatively short turnover time of ~6 weeks in the human body, Cu serves as an important indicator of cancer and other diseases that rapidly evolve. The serum of cancer patients contains significantly higher levels of Cu than that of healthy patients due to copper chelation by lactate, which is produced via a... | 9 | Geochemistry |
B3/B4 tRNA-binding domain - B5 protein domain - BAC - back mutation - bacteria - bacterial artificial chromosome - bacteriophage - bacteriophage lambda - bacteriophage scaffolding proteins - band shift assay - base - base pair - benzoyl-CoA 2,3-dioxygenase - benzyl benzoate/disulfiram - benzyl-2-methyl-hydroxybutyrate ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Related to the Fermi energy, a few useful quantities also occur often in modern literature.
The Fermi temperature is defined as , where is the Boltzmann constant. The Fermi temperature can be thought of as the temperature at which thermal effects are comparable to quantum effects associated with Fermi statistics. The ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In metallurgy, non-ferrous metals are metals or alloys that do not contain iron (allotropes of iron, ferrite, and so on) in appreciable amounts.
Generally more costly than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis are actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the matrix where they can either be oxidized and combined with coenzyme A to form CO, acetyl-CoA, and NADH, or they can be carboxylated (by pyruvate carboxylase) to form oxaloacetate. This latter reactio... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The novel MEMS cantilever approach detects pressure changes in a photoacoustic cell. High sensitivity is achieved by using a cantilever pressure sensor that is over hundred times more sensitive compared to a membrane, which is conventionally used in photoacoustic spectroscopy. A laser-based readout interferometer is ab... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature) of a compound is another compound whose molecule has the same number of atoms of each element, but with logically distinct bonds between them. The term metamer was formerly used for the same concept.
For example, butanol , methyl pr... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Lakes and ponds can be very large and support a complex eco-system in which environmental parameters vary widely in all three physical dimensions and with time. Large lakes in the temperate zone often stratify in the warmer months into a warmer upper layers rich in oxygen and a colder lower layer with low oxygen levels... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
* [http://gpsprot.org GPS-Prot] Web-based data visualization for protein interactions
* PINV - [http://biosual.cbio.uct.ac.za/pinv.html Protein Interaction Network Visualizer] | 1 | Biochemistry |
Some atmospheric effects on the functionality of adhesive devices can be characterized by following the theory of surface energy and interfacial tension. It is known that γ = (1/2)W = (1/2)W. If γ is high, then each species finds it favorable to cohere while in contact with a foreign species, rather than dissociate and... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
An ubiquitous example of a hydrogen bond is found between water molecules. In a discrete water molecule, there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The simplest case is a pair of water molecules with one hydrogen bond between them, which is called the water dimer and is often used as a model system. When more m... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Most of the iron in the body is hoarded and recycled by the reticuloendothelial system, which breaks down aged red blood cells. In contrast to iron uptake and recycling, there is no physiologic regulatory mechanism for excreting iron. People lose a small but steady amount by gastrointestinal blood loss, sweating and by... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Corundum is the name for a structure prototype in inorganic solids, derived from the namesake polymorph of aluminum oxide (α-AlO). Other compounds, especially among the inorganic solids, exist in corundum structure, either in ambient or other conditions. Corundum structures are associated with metal-insulator transitio... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
After a library is created, the genome of an organism can be sequenced to elucidate how genes affect an organism or to compare similar organisms at the genome-level. The aforementioned genome-wide association studies can identify candidate genes stemming from many functional traits. Genes can be isolated through genomi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
According to the m + n + o + p − q rule, ferrocene requires 2 + 11 + 1 + 2 − 0 = 16 SEPs. 10 CH units provide 15 pairs while Fe provides one pair. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The work of Koch, Muller, Rafelski predicts that in a quark–gluon plasma hadronization process the enhancement for each particle species increases with the strangeness content of the particle. The enhancements for particles carrying one, two and three strange or antistrange quarks were measured and this effect was demo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Definition of the K or P-value
: The K or P-value always only refers to a single species or substance:
: with:
:* concentration of species i of a substance in the octanol-rich phase
:* concentration of species i of a substance in the water-rich phase
: If different species occur in the octanol-water system by dissoci... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
It should first be noted that the first inelastic mechanism of these polymers is the mobility of the chains and the conformational rearrangement of the groups. Then the effect on semi-crystalline and amorphous polymers must be distinguished. In both cases, anchor points must be created that act as "triggers" for the ef... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Lichens are pioneer species, among the first living things to grow on bare rock or areas denuded of life by a disaster. Lichens may have to compete with plants for access to sunlight, but because of their small size and slow growth, they thrive in places where higher plants have difficulty growing. Lichens are often th... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Transition metal carbyne complexes are most common for the early transition metals, especially niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and rhenium. They can also have low-valence metals as well as high-valence metals.
The first Fischer carbyne complex was reported in 1973. Two years later in 1975, the first "Schrock ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Pebble circuits are a very advantageous location for the application of sensor-based ore sorters. Usually it is hard waste recirculating and limiting the total mill capacity. In addition, the tonnage is significantly lower in comparison to the total run-of-mine stream, the size range is applicable and usually uniform a... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In chemistry, peroxydicarbonate (sometimes peroxodicarbonate) is a divalent anion with the chemical formula . It is one of the oxocarbon anions, which consist solely of carbon and oxygen. Its molecular structure can be viewed as two carbonate anions joined so as to form a peroxide bridge –O–O–.
The anion is formed, tog... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the early years of serious research into the locations of stations on the Antonine Itineraries, the location of Ariconium was in doubt, and William Camden (1551–1623) suggested Magnis, the site of modern Kenchester, some northwest of modern Hereford. Later analysis of the Antonine Itineraries, notably by John... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Novartis-Drew Award for Biomedical Research is an award jointly presented by Novartis and Drew University. It comprises a cash award (originally $2000) and a plaque. The award was initially created as the Ciba-Drew Award for Biomedical Research and renamed following the change of company name from Ciba-Geigy to Nov... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Drosha shares striking structural similarity with the downstream ribonuclease Dicer, suggesting an evolutionary relationship, though Drosha and related enzymes are found only in animals while Dicer relatives are widely distributed, including among protozoans. Both components of the microprocessor complex are conserved ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Flutamide has been identified as an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This may be involved in the hepatotoxicity of flutamide. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Crosslinking is often measured by swelling tests. The crosslinked sample is placed into a good solvent at a specific temperature, and either the change in mass or the change in volume is measured. The more crosslinking, the less swelling is attainable. Based on the degree of swelling, the Flory Interaction Parameter (w... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cleaving relies on planar weaknesses of the chemical bonds in the crystal structure of a mineral. If a sharp blow is applied at the correct angle, the stone may split cleanly apart. While cleaving is sometimes used to split uncut gemstones into smaller pieces, it is never used to produce facets. Cleaving of diamonds wa... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Benzene is used mainly as an intermediate to make other chemicals, above all ethylbenzene (and other alkylbenzenes), cumene, cyclohexane, and nitrobenzene. In 1988 it was reported that two-thirds of all chemicals on the American Chemical Societys lists contained at least one benzene ring. More than half of the entire b... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
*Bisulfite sequencing – the biochemical method used to determine the presence or absence of methyl groups on a DNA sequence
*MethDB DNA Methylation Database
*Microscale thermophoresis – a biophysical method to determine the methylisation state of DNA
*Remethylation, the reversible removal of methyl group in methionine ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The ten-step catabolic pathway of glycolysis is the initial phase of free-energy release in the breakdown of glucose and can be split into two phases, the preparatory phase and payoff phase. ADP and phosphate are needed as precursors to synthesize ATP in the payoff reactions of the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One of the first substances that was reported to produce an oxygen diffusion-enhancing effect was crocetin, a carotenoid that occurs naturally in plants such as crocus sativus, and is related to another carotenoid, saffron. Saffron has been used culturally (e.g., as a dye) and medicinally since ancient times.
Trans so... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The KDPG is then converted into pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of enzyme KDPG aldolase. For the pyruvate, the ED pathway ends here, and the pyruvate then goes into further metabolic pathways (TCA cycle, ETC cycle, etc).
The other product (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is further converted by ente... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This process was developed by the St. Joseph Mineral Company in 1930, and is the only pyrometallurgical process still used in the US to smelt zinc. The advantage of this system is that it is able to smelt a wide variety of zinc-bearing materials, including electric arc furnace dust. The disadvantage of this process is ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Nernst–Planck equation is a continuity equation for the time-dependent concentration of a chemical species:
where is the flux. It is assumed that the total flux is composed of three elements: diffusion, advection, and electromigration. This implies that the concentration is affected by an ionic concentration grad... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Cape York meteorite, also known as the Innaanganeq meteorite, is one of the largest known iron meteorites, classified as a medium octahedrite in chemical group IIIAB. In addition to many small fragments, at least eight large fragments with a total mass of 58 tonnes have been recovered, the largest weighing . The me... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Structuring of absorbing materials has both positive and negative affects on cell performance. Structuring allows for light absorption and carrier collection to occur in different places, which loosens the requirements for pure materials and helps with catalysis. This allows for the use of non-precious and oxide cataly... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Hematochrome is a yellow, orange, or (most commonly) red biological pigment present in some green algae, especially when exposed to intense light. It is a name used mainly in older literature. Hematochrome is a mixture of carotenoid pigments and their derivates. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The earliest reported synthesis of a rotaxane in 1967 relied on the statistical probability that if two halves of a dumbbell-shaped molecule were reacted in the presence of a macrocycle that some small percentage would connect through the ring. To obtain a reasonable quantity of rotaxane, the macrocycle was attached to... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Aliphatic metal alkoxides decompose in water: where R is an organic substituent and L is an unspecified ligand (often an alkoxide). A well-studied case is the irreversible hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide:
By controlling the stoichiometry and steric properties of the alkoxide, such reactions can be arrested leading... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Modern coupling chemistries allow other properties of polyfluorenes to be controlled through implementation of complex molecular designs.
The above polymer structure pictured has excellent photoluminescent quantum yields (partly due to its fluorene monomer) excellent stability (due to its oxadiazole comonomer) good so... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 1835, Charles Wheatstone reported that different metals could be easily distinguished by the different bright lines in the emission spectra of their sparks, thereby introducing an alternative mechanism to flame spectroscopy. In 1849, J. B. L. Foucault experimentally demonstrated that absorption and emission lines ap... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Medium-sized rings (7–13 carbons) experience more strain energy than cyclohexane, due mostly to deviation from ideal vicinal angles, or Pitzer strain. Molecular mechanics calculations indicate that transannular strain, also known as Prelog strain, does not play an essential role. Transannular reactions however, such a... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Glycosyl iodides were first introduced for use in glycosylation reactions in 1901 by Koenigs and Knorr although were often considered too reactive for synthetic use. Recently several research groups have shown these donors to have unique reactive properties and can differ from other glycosyl chlorides or bromides with... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Soil gases have been used for multiple scientific studies to explore topics such as microseepage, earthquakes, and gaseous exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. Microseepage refers to the limited release of hydrocarbons on the soil surface and can be used to look for petroleum deposits based on the assumption t... | 9 | Geochemistry |
YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) - Ycf9 protein domain - YchF-GTPase C terminal protein domain - Ydc2 protein domain - YDG SRA protein domain - YecM bacterial protein domain - YjeF N terminal protein domain - YopH, N-terminal - YopR bacterial protein domain - Y Y Y - | 1 | Biochemistry |
Iron plays an essential role in marine systems and can act as a limiting nutrient for planktonic activity. Because of this, too much of a decrease in iron may lead to a decrease in growth rates in phytoplanktonic organisms such as diatoms. Iron can also be oxidized by marine microbes under conditions that are high in i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The formation of dropwise condensation on PDRC surfaces can alter the infrared emittance of the surface of selective PDRC emitters, which can weaken their performance. Even in semi-arid environments, dew formation on PDRC surfaces can occur. Thus, the cooling power of selective emitters "may broaden the narrowband emit... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Bischofberger has received a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of Innsbruck, a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry at the ETH Zurich with Oskar Jeger, and has done postdoctoral work at Harvard University with George M. Whitesides and Syntex Research. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The isomeric shift (also called isomer shift) is the shift on atomic spectral lines and gamma spectral lines, which occurs as a consequence of replacement of one nuclear isomer by another. It is usually called isomeric shift on atomic spectral lines and Mössbauer isomeric shift respectively. If the spectra also have hy... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In geometry, the dyakis dodecahedron /ˈdʌɪəkɪsˌdəʊdɪkəˈhiːdrən/ or diploid is a variant of the deltoidal icositetrahedron with pyritohedral symmetry, transforming the kite faces into chiral quadrilaterals. It is the dual of the cantic snub octahedron. It can be constructed by enlarging 24 of the 48 faces of the disdyak... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Following 2D SDS PAGE the proteins can be transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) blotting membrane for further analysis. Edman degradations can be performed directly from a PVDF membrane. N-terminal residue sequencing resulting in five to ten amino acid may be sufficient to identify a Protein of Interest (PO... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Quark matter or QCD matter (quantum chromodynamic) refers to any of a number of hypothetical phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons, of which the prominent example is quark-gluon plasma. Several series of conferences in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were devoted to this topic.
Quarks are liberated i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There are several design considerations and mitigation techniques that can be used to reduce the susceptibility to CAF. Certain material selection (i.e. laminate) and design rules (i.e. via spacing) can help reduce CAF risk. Poor adhesion between the resin and glass fibers in the PCB can create a path for CAF to occur.... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The visual cycle occurs via G-protein coupled receptors called retinylidene proteins which consists of a visual opsin and a chromophore 11-cis-retinal. The 11-cis-retinal is covalently linked to the opsin receptor via Schiff base. When it absorbs a photon, 11-cis-retinal undergoes photoisomerization to all-trans-retina... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* F. Asinger: Methanol, Chemie- und Energierohstoff. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1987, , .
* Martin Bertau, Heribert Offermanns, Ludolf Plass, Friedrich Schmidt, Hans-Jürgen Wernicke: Methanol: The Basic Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future: Asingers Vision Today', 750 Seiten, Verlag Springer; 2014,
* †George A. O... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The basic driving force for protein crystallization is to optimize the number of bonds one can form with another protein through intermolecular interactions. These interactions depend on electron densities of molecules and the protein side chains that change as a function of pH. The tertiary and quaternary structure of... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A possible alternative to the detection of epitranscriptomic modifications by SMRT sequencing is the direct detection using the Nanopore sequencing technologies. This technique exploits nanometer-sized protein channels embedded into a membrane or solid materials, and coupled to sensors, able to detect the amplitude and... | 1 | Biochemistry |
HACs were first constructed de novo in 1997 by adding alpha-satellite DNA to telomeric and genomic DNA in human HT1080 cells. This resulted in an entirely new microchromosome that contained DNA of interest, as well as elements allowing it to be structurally and mitotically stable, such as telomeric and centromeric sequ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Geoffrey Norman Malcolm (23 April 1931 – 11 August 2019) was a New Zealand physical chemist. Appointed in 1969, he was the first chemistry professor at Massey University. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The history and evolution of reversed phase stationary phases in described in detail in an article by Majors, Dolan, Carr and Snyder.
In the 1970s, most liquid chromatography runs were performed using solid particles as the stationary phases, made of unmodified silica gel or alumina. This type of technique is now refe... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Brønsted–Lowry theory (also called proton theory of acids and bases) is an acid–base reaction theory which was first developed by Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Thomas Martin Lowry independently in 1923. The basic concept of this theory is that when an acid and a base react with each other, the acid forms its conju... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Most NONOates are stable in alkaline solution above pH 8.0 (e. g. 10 mM NaOH) and can be stored at −20 °C in this way for the short term. To generate NO from NONOates, the pH is lowered accordingly. Typically, a dilution of the stock NONOate solution is made in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4; tris buffers can also be used)... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* Oxime compounds are used as antidotes for nerve agents. A nerve agent inactivates acetylcholinesterase by phosphorylation. Oxime compounds can reactivate acetylcholinesterase by attaching to phosphorus, forming an oxime-phosphonate, which then splits away from the acetylcholinesterase molecule. Oxime nerve-agent anti... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics defines specific rotation as:
= α/γl, where α is the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated by a solution of mass concentration γ and path length l. Here θ is the Celsius temperature and λ the wavelength of the light at which the measurement is carried out.</bloc... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Starting in the 2010s, despite a global ban on the production of CFCs, five of these ozone-damaging emissions were on the rise.
The atmospheric abundance of CFC-13 rose from 3.0 parts per trillion (ppt) in year 2010 to 3.3 ppt in year 2020 based on analysis of air samples gathered from sites around the world.
Contrary ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In analytical chemistry, a standard solution (titrant or titrator) is a solution containing an accurately known concentration. Standard solutions are generally prepared by dissolving a solute of known mass into a solvent to a precise volume, or by diluting a solution of known concentration with more solvent.
Standard s... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Although ischemic cell death is the accepted name of the process, the alternative name of oncosis was introduced as the process involves the affected cell(s) swelling to an abnormally large size in known models. This is thought to be caused by failure of the plasma membranes ionic pumps. The name oncosis (derived from ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Shrimp trawlers first reported a dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico in 1950, but it was not until 1970 when the size of the hypoxic zone had increased that scientists began to investigate.
After 1950, the conversion of forests and wetlands for agricultural and urban developments accelerated. "Missouri River Basin has had ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Green death is a solution used to test the resistance of metals and alloys to corrosion. It consists of a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride and copper(II) chloride and its boiling point is at approximately 103 °C. Its typical chemical composition is given in the table hereafter:
The chemi... | 8 | Metallurgy |
MPSS allows mRNA transcripts to be identified through the generation of a 17–20 bp (base pair) signature sequence adjacent to the 3-end of the 3-most site of the designated restriction enzyme (commonly Sau3A or DpnII). Each signature sequence is cloned onto one of a million microbeads. The technique ensures that only o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RNase cleavage of the last six nucleotides is the next step following the ligation, ultimately extending the primer strand by a single base. Such cleavage allows rezipping of 6 nucleotides of the hairpin, signaled by a decrease in hairpin length of ~4 nm. Therefore, an incorporation of a complementary nucleotide is ind... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Purnell equation is an equation used in analytical chemistry to calculate the resolution R between two peaks in a chromatogram.
where
::R is the resolution between the two peaks
::N is the plate number of the second peak
::α is the separation factor between the two peaks
::k ' is the retention factor of the second... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Metal ions are Lewis acids, and in aqueous solution they form metal aquo complexes of the general formula . The aqua ions undergo hydrolysis, to a greater or lesser extent. The first hydrolysis step is given generically as
Thus the aqua cations behave as acids in terms of Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory. This effect is... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In metallurgy, the Scheil-Gulliver equation (or Scheil equation) describes solute redistribution during solidification of an alloy. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The age of the Earth is 4.54 Gya as found by radiometric dating of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chrondrite meteorites, the oldest material in the Solar System. The Hadean Earth (from its formation until 4 Gya) was at first inhospitable to any living organisms. During its formation, the Earth lost a... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Enzymatic deficiency in alpha-oxidation (most frequently in phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase) leads to Refsum's disease, in which the accumulation of phytanic acid and its derivatives leads to neurological damage. Other disorders of peroxisome biogenesis also prevent alpha-oxidation from occurring. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pure Togni reagent II is metastable at room temperature. Heating it above the melting point will lead to strong exothermic decomposition, in which trifluoroiodomethane (CFI) is released. The heat of composition at a temperature of 149 °C and higher has been determined to be 502 J·g. From recrystallization in acetonitri... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
There are two aspects to surface integrity: topography characteristics and surface layer characteristics. The topography is made up of surface roughness, waviness, errors of form, and flaws. The surface layer characteristics that can change through processing are: plastic deformation, residual stresses, cracks, hardnes... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Modafinil is contraindicated during pregnancy and 2 months before getting pregnant. Women who take modafinil should not become pregnant, and, additionally, should be aware that modafinil reduces effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives, increasing chances of getting pregnant. Modafinil therapy during pregnancy increase... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Higher selectivity: for example, positive, negative and neutral substances could be separated by a reversed phase (RP)/anion-cation exchange (ACE) column in a single run.
Higher loading capacity,
for example, loading capacity of ACE/ hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) increased 10-100 times when compared wi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The following table lists pharmaceuticals that have been available in both racemic and single-enantiomer form. These single-enantiomer drug switched from the respective racemic drug are referred to as chiral switch.
The following are cases where the individual enantiomers have markedly different effects:
*Thalidomide: ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Ion exchange sorbents separate analytes based on electrostatic interactions between the analyte of interest and the positively or negatively charged groups on the stationary phase. For ion exchange to occur, both the stationary phase and sample must be at a pH where both are charged. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
After a cell has established a resting potential, that cell has the capacity to undergo depolarization. Depolarization is the process by which the membrane potential becomes less negative, facilitating the generation of an action potential. For this rapid change to take place within the interior of the cell, several ev... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below. However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D, autotaxin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As defined above, the light compensation point I is when no net carbon assimilation occurs. At this point, the organism is neither consuming nor building biomass. The net gaseous exchange is also zero at this point.
I is a practical value that can be reached during early mornings and early evenings. Respiration is rela... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Gene deserts are regions of the genome that are devoid of protein-coding genes. Gene deserts constitute an estimated 25% of the entire genome, leading to the recent interest in their true functions. Originally believed to contain inessential and “junk” DNA due to their inability to create proteins, gene deserts have si... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Suppose that we are studying an isolated, quantum mechanical many-body system. In this context, "isolated" refers to the fact that the system has no (or at least negligible) interactions with the environment external to it. If the Hamiltonian of the system is denoted , then a complete set of basis states for the system... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, Zaytsevs rule (or Zaitsevs rule, Saytzeffs rule, Saytzevs rule) is an empirical rule for predicting the favored alkene product(s) in elimination reactions. While at the University of Kazan, Russian chemist Alexander Zaytsev studied a variety of different elimination reactions and observed a genera... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Geoksyur Oasis, located in the foothills of the Kopetdag, to the east of Altyndepe, is in the center of a cluster of tepes in the desert region on the northern Iranian border. It extends over an area of 12 ha. It is to the east of the city of Tedzhen. Even though in the Aneolithic Period (4th – early 3rd century BC), ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Nucleofection is a method to transfer substrates into mammalian cells so far considered difficult or even impossible to transfect. Examples for such substrates are nucleic acids, like the DNA of an isolated gene cloned into a plasmid, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) for knocking down expression of a specific endogenou... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Coffee Joulies are small, stainless-steel capsules containing a phase-change material; the capsules were designed to be placed in a cup of coffee in order to cool coffee that is too hot then slowly release the heat to keep the coffee warm. The company was founded by Dave Petrillo and Dave Jackson, mechanical engineers ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Adding more mirrors does not add more possibilities (in the plane), because they can always be rearranged to cause cancellation. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The quinhydrone electrode provides an alternative to the most commonly used glass electrode. however, it is not reliable above pH 8 (at 298 K) and cannot be used with solutions that contain a strong oxidizing or reducing agent. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
TET processivity can be viewed at three levels, the physical, chemical and genetic levels. Physical processivity refers to the ability of a TET protein to slide along the DNA from one CpG site to another. An in vitro study showed that DNA-bound TET does not preferentially oxidize other CpG sites on the same DNA molec... | 1 | Biochemistry |
He was awarded by the President of Chile, Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle the Presidential Chair in Science in 1996 by a Committee chaired by a Nobel Prize in Chemistry Rudolph Marcus and including Physics Nobel Laureate David Gross. He received the Silver Medal “University Merit” in 1998 and the Gold Medal in 2002 and the Man... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
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