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Very small changes in temperature can produce a pyroelectric potential. Passive infrared sensors are often designed around pyroelectric materials, as the heat of a human or animal from several feet away is enough to generate a voltage. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Electrochemical Society was founded in 1902 in Philadelphia, PA. At the beginning, ECS was called the American Electrochemical Society.
The 19th century saw many applications of electricity to chemical processes and chemical understanding. Bridging the gap between electrical engineering and chemistry led people in ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
First Example: Let gas 1 be H and gas 2 be O. (This example is solving for the ratio between the rates of the two gases)
Therefore, hydrogen molecules effuse four times faster than those of oxygen.
Graham's Law can also be used to find the approximate molecular weight of a gas if one gas is a known species, and if ther... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
If the values of the predicted rate constants are compared with the values of known rate constants, it is noticed that collision theory fails to estimate the constants correctly, and the more complex the molecules are, the more it fails. The reason for this is that particles have been supposed to be spherical and able ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Aqueous carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid which is very unstable and will dissociate rapidly into hydronium and bicarbonate. Therefore, in seawater, dissolved inorganic carbon is commonly referred to as the collection of bicarbonate, carbonate ions, and dissolved carbon dioxide (CO, HCO, , ).
:CO(a... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In this approach, a narrow pulse of light (and respectively.
Multiple scattering events broaden the DTOF and the attenuation of a result of both absorption and scattering as they divert photons from the direction of the detector. Higher scattering leads to a more delayed and a broader DTOF and higher absorption reduce... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alus are the most common SINE in primates. They are approximately 350 base pairs long, do not encode proteins and can be recognized by the restriction enzyme AluI (hence the name). Their distribution may be important in some genetic diseases and cancers. Copy and pasting Alu RNA requires the Alu's adenine-rich end and ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Mathematical and computational models are essential for understanding the action potential, and offer predictions that may be tested against experimental data, providing a stringent test of a theory. The most important and accurate of the early neural models is the Hodgkin–Huxley model, which describes the action poten... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pyridine can cause chemical burns on contact with the skin and its fumes may be irritating to the eyes or upon inhalation. Pyridine depresses the nervous system giving symptoms similar to intoxication with vapor concentrations of above 3600 ppm posing a greater health risk. The effects may have a delayed onset of sever... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Neurotrophin-3, or NT-3, is a neurotrophic factor, in the NGF-family of neurotrophins. It is a protein growth factor that has activity on certain neurons of the peripheral and central nervous system; it helps to support the survival and differentiation of existing neurons, and encourages the growth and differentiation ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The ionic strength plays a central role in the Debye–Hückel theory that describes the strong deviations from ideality typically encountered in ionic solutions. It is also important for the theory of double layer and related electrokinetic phenomena and electroacoustic phenomena in colloids and other heterogeneous syste... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Suggested by the idea that the structure of chromatin can be modified to allow or deny access of transcription activators, regulatory functions of histone acetylation and deacetylation can have implications with genes that cause other diseases. Studies on histone modifications may reveal many novel therapeutic targets.... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Persistent organic pollutants such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenols, dioxins, are all assessed in AOX analysis. Generally, the higher the amount of chlorine in an organic compound, the more toxic it is considered. While there are several biochemical or electrochemical methods to remov... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Garson was born in Rugby, England, the daughter of an engineer and botanist. She took her B.A with Honours from the University of Cambridge, Newnham College in 1974. Garson's focus was the natural sciences, specializing in chemistry. She obtained an MA in Natural Sciences and she took her PhD in organic chemistry from ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Most methods for nucleic acid secondary structure prediction rely on a nearest neighbor thermodynamic model. A common method to determine the most probable structures given a sequence of nucleotides makes use of a dynamic programming algorithm that seeks to find structures with low free energy. Dynamic programming algo... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
# The citrate binds to citrate transporters.
# The shuttle delivers the citrate from the inner membrane to the intermembrane space.
# There is a net movement of the citrate from the intermembrane space to the cytosol across the outer membrane, following the concentration gradient. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Transition-metal allyl complexes are coordination complexes with allyl and its derivatives as ligands. Allyl is the radical with the connectivity CHCHCH, although as a ligand it is usually viewed as an allyl anion CH=CH−CH, which is usually described as two equivalent resonance structures. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The ore is comminuted using grinding machinery. Depending on the ore, it is sometimes further concentrated by froth flotation or by centrifugal (gravity) concentration. Water is added to produce a slurry or pulp. The basic ore slurry can be combined with a solution of sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide; many operation... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The direhorse (Pali in Navi ) is a bioluminescent, hexapodal, superficially equine animal. It is scientifically known as Equidirus hoplites. The Navi use the direhorse to hunt. The direhorse was conceived and designed by Cameron and Stan Winston Studios. The direhorse is grey with blue stripes and stands tall, long. ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydrogen-terminated silicon surface is a chemically passivated silicon substrate where the surface Si atoms are bonded to hydrogen. The hydrogen-terminated surfaces are hydrophobic, luminescent, and amenable to chemical modification. Hydrogen-terminated silicon is an intermediate in the growth of bulk silicon from si... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Antigenic specificity is the ability of the host cells to recognize an antigen specifically as a unique molecular entity and distinguish it from another with exquisite precision. Antigen specificity is due primarily to the side-chain conformations of the antigen. It is measurable and need not be linear or of a rate-lim... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Boom method (aka Boom nucleic acid extraction method) is a solid phase extraction method for isolating nucleic acid from a biological sample. This method is characterized by "absorbing the nucleic acids (NA) to the silica beads". | 1 | Biochemistry |
The bromine cycle is a biogeochemical cycle of bromine through the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. | 9 | Geochemistry |
In 1958, Frederick C. Frank and John S. Kasper, in their original work investigating many complex alloy structures, showed that non-icosahedral environments form an open-end network which they called the major skeleton, and is now identified as the declination locus. They came up with the methodology to pack asymmetric... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In deriving the first equation, Darken referenced Simgelskas and Kirkendall's experiment, which tested the mechanisms and rates of diffusion and gave rise to the concept now known as the Kirkendall effect. For the experiment, inert molybdenum wires were placed at the interface between copper and brass components, and t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A dystrophin-associated protein is a protein that helps to form the connection between intracellular dystrophin and the extracellular basal lamina.
Examples include sarcoglycan and dystroglycan. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Meromyosin is a part of myosin (mero meaning "part of"). With regards to human anatomy myosin and actin constitute the basic functional unit of a muscle fiber, called sarcomere, playing a role in muscle contraction.
Biochemically viewed meromyosin form subunits of the actin-associated motor protein, myosin, Following ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Birch reduction of D-α-phenylglycine led to diene (2). This was N-protected using tert-butoxycarbonylazide and activated for amide formation via the mixed anhydride method using isobutylchloroformate to give 3. Mixed anhydride 3 reacted readily with 7-aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid to give, after deblocking, cephr... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Asymmetric catalysis relies on chiral ligands, which in turn are generally derived from the chiral pool. For example enantiopure 2,3-butanediol, derived from abundantly available tartaric acid, is used to synthesize chiraphos, a component of catalysts used for asymmetric hydrogenation: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
This compound has the best antibacterial activity of Endiandrianic acid A-G compounds. Endiandric acid C was tested towards five strains of bacteria, which included Bacillus subtilis, Micococcus luteus, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas palida, and Escherichia coli through examining zone inhibition and minimum conce... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
PA 11 is a biopolymer derived from natural oil. It is also known under the tradename Rilsan B, commercialized by Arkema. PA 11 belongs to the technical polymers family and is not biodegradable. Its properties are similar to those of PA 12, although emissions of greenhouse gases and consumption of nonrenewable resources... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
One of the shortcoming of electrochemical window (EW) in predicting the stability of the electrolyte towards anode or cathode materials ignores the voltage and the ionic conductivity, which are also important. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Adduct purification is a technique for preparing extremely pure simple organometallic compounds, which are generally unstable and hard to handle, by purifying a stable adduct with a Lewis acid and then obtaining the desired product from the pure adduct by thermal decomposition.
Epichem Limited is the licensee of the ma... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Numerous fields would be able to benefit from the protection of tissue damage by freezing. Businesses are currently investigating the use of these proteins in:
* Increasing freeze tolerance of crop plants and extending the harvest season in cooler climates
* Improving farm fish production in cooler climates
* Lengthen... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The lower-limit size of a coffee ring depends on the time scale competition between the liquid evaporation and the movement of suspended particles. When the liquid evaporates much faster than the particle movement near a three-phase contact line, coffee ring cannot be formed successfully. Instead, these particles wil... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Petasis reagent, named after Nicos A. Petasis, is an organotitanium compound with the formula CpTi(CH). It is an orange-colored solid. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Sulfuric acid is non-flammable.
The main occupational risks posed by this acid are skin contact leading to burns (see above) and the inhalation of aerosols. Exposure to aerosols at high concentrations leads to immediate and severe irritation of the eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes: this ceases rapidly after... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cooperativity is not only a phenomenon of ligand binding, but also applies anytime energetic interactions make it easier or more difficult for something to happen involving multiple units as opposed to with single units. (That is, easier or more difficult compared with what is expected when only accounting for the add... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Whole genome sequencing (WGS), also known as full genome sequencing, complete genome sequencing, or entire genome sequencing, is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organisms genome at a single time. This entails sequencing all of an organisms chromosomal DNA as we... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Prostanoids were discovered through biological research studies conducted in the 1930s. The first discovery was seen through semen by a Swedish Physiologist Ulf von Euler, who assumed they originated from the prostate. After intensive study throughout the 1960-1970s Sune K. Bergström and Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson and Br... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many different color reagents have been developed for determining the concentrations of different substances. For example, Nessler's reagent can be used to determine the concentration of a solution of ammonia. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In a new bottle of soda, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase has a particular value. If half of the liquid is poured out and the bottle is sealed, carbon dioxide will leave the liquid phase at an ever-decreasing rate, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the gas phase will increase until eq... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI, INN stem ) inhibits matrix metalloproteinases. Because they inhibit cell migration, they have antiangiogenic effects. They may be both endogenous and exogenous.
The most notorious endogenous metalloproteinases are tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). There are als... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ca plays an important role in nodule formation in legumes. Nitrogen is an essential element required in plants and many legumes, unable to fix nitrogen independently, pair symbiotically with nitrogen-fixing bacteria that reduce nitrogen to ammonia. This legume-Rhizobium interaction establishment requires the Nod factor... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Across mammalian species, VMATs have been found to be structurally well conserved; VMAT1s have an overall sequence identity exceeding 80%. However, there exists only a 60% sequence identity between the human VMAT1 and VMAT2.
VMAT1 is an acidic glycoprotein with an apparent weight of 40 kDa. Although the crystallographi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The thylakoid membrane is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis with the photosynthetic pigments embedded directly in the membrane. It is an alternating pattern of dark and light bands measuring each 1 nanometre. The thylakoid lipid bilayer shares characteristic features with prokaryotic membranes... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is an irrigation water quality parameter used in the management of sodium-affected soils. It is an indicator of the suitability of water for use in agricultural irrigation, as determined from the concentrations of the main alkaline and earth alkaline cations present in the water. It is... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In September researchers were able to give trichromatic vision to squirrel monkeys. In November 2009, researchers halted a fatal genetic disorder called adrenoleukodystrophy in two children using a lentivirus vector to deliver a functioning version of ABCD1, the gene that is mutated in the disorder. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Two-stroke, Four-stroke, and continuous machine are very different from each other. However it was shown that there is a quantum regime where all these machines become thermodynamically equivalent to each other. While the intra cycle dynamics in the equivalence regime is very different in different engine types, when t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When an electronic conductor is brought in contact with a solid or liquid ionic conductor (electrolyte), a common boundary (interface) among the two phases appears. Hermann von Helmholtz was the first to realize that charged electrodes immersed in electrolyte solutions repel the co-ions of the charge while attracting c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The species was formerly grouped with the western meadow vole (M. drummondii) and the Florida salt marsh vole (M. dukecampbelli) as a single species with a very large range, but genetic evidence indicates that these are all distinct species. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The rate of a chemical reaction is influenced by many different factors, such as temperature, pH, reactant, and product concentrations and other effectors. The degree to which these factors change the reaction rate is described by the elasticity coefficient. This coefficient is defined as follows:
where denotes the re... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The adsorbent, loaded with adsorbed pollutant on its surface sediments and forms a bed in the regeneration zone in the cell. The mass of the Nyex causes the bed to travel down the regeneration column slowly and eventually pass back into the cell. During the journey down the regeneration column, a DC current is passed a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Thiols, especially in the presence of base, are readily oxidized by reagents such as bromine and iodine to give an organic disulfide (R−S−S−R).
: 2 R−SH + Br → R−S−S−R + 2 HBr
Oxidation by more powerful reagents such as sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide can also yield sulfonic acids (RSOH).
: R−SH + 3 HO → RSOH ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In biological systems, phosphorus can be found as free phosphate anions in solution (inorganic phosphate) or bound to organic molecules as various organophosphates.
Inorganic phosphate is generally denoted P and at physiological (homeostatic) pH primarily consists of a mixture of and ions. At a neutral pH, as in the ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The formation of small particles of a substance with a narrow size distribution is an important process in the pharmaceutical and other industries. Supercritical fluids provide a number of ways of achieving this by rapidly exceeding the saturation point of a solute by dilution, depressurization or a combination of thes... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A Woods lamp may be used to rapidly assess whether an individual is suffering from ethylene glycol poisoning as a consequence of antifreeze ingestion. Manufacturers of ethylene glycol-containing antifreezes commonly add fluorescein, which causes the patients urine to fluoresce under Wood's lamp. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Photochromism is the reversible change of color upon exposure to light. It is a transformation of a chemical species (photoswitch) between two forms by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation (photoisomerization), where the two forms have different absorption spectra. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Regardless of the presence or absence of an oxidant, the first step of the reaction is photochemical excitation of a stilbene or similar structure, leading to formation of a dihydrophenanthrene or similar intermediate. For stilbene and other chemicals containing a double-bond linker between the two aromatic rings, the ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The Electrochemical Society Interface is a publication for those in the field of solid-state and electrochemical science and technology. Published quarterly, this four-color magazine contains technical articles about the latest developments in the field and presents news and information about and for Society members. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Often, the largest source of error in a study that depends on the natural abundance of carbon is the slight variation in natural C abundance itself. Such variations arise because the starting materials used in the reaction are themselves products of some other reactions that have kinetic isotope effects and correspondi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There are several mechanisms by which passing a current through the electrochemical cell can encourage pollutant desorption. Ions generated at the electrodes can change local pH conditions in the divided cell which affect the adsorption equilibrium and have been shown to promote desorption of organic pollutants such as... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The third commercial copper ISASMELT plant was installed in MIM's Mount Isa copper smelter at a cost of approximately A$100 million. It was designed to treat 104 t/h of copper concentrate, containing 180,000 t/y of copper, and it began operation in August 1992.
A significant difference between the Mount Isa copper ISAS... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate, intermediates of photosynthesis, are converted to deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) catalyzed by DXP synthase (DXS). DXP reductoisomerase catalyzes the reduction by NADPH and subsequent rearrangement. The resulting MEP is converted to 4-(cytidine 5’-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-eryt... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Stains-all stains nucleic acids, anionic proteins, anionic polysaccharides such as alginate and pectinate, hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulfate, heparin, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. It is used in SDS-PAGE, agarose gel electrophoresis and histologic staining, e.g. staining of growth lines in bones. | 1 | Biochemistry |
AMGs have a large impact on biogeochemical cycles in multiple environments through nutrient degradation, mineralization, transportation, assimilation, and transformation. By enhancing the metabolic capabilities of their hosts, bacteriophages contribute to the recycling of organic matter, influencing the availability of... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Karl Schlögl (October 5, 1924 – May 4, 2007) was professor of organic chemistry at the University of Vienna and secretary as well as vice-president of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 2005, Meyers et al. Proposed the following mechanism for the decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction. The initial and rate determining step is the decarboxylation. The ipso carbon of the arene ring is thought to coordinate to the palladium centre initially and is followed by the expulsion of carbon dioxide, forming ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Chirilă was born and educated in Romania, where he obtained a BEng in polymer technology (1972) and a PhD in organic chemistry (1981) from the Polytechnic University of Timișoara.
After ten years of research in polymers and organic chemistry, he relocated to Australia. During 1984 he was a research fellow at the Curtin... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ionic bonding can result from a redox reaction when atoms of an element (usually metal), whose ionization energy is low, give some of their electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. In doing so, cations are formed. An atom of another element (usually nonmetal) with greater electron affinity accepts one or m... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
TFIIB is phosphorylated at serine 65 which is found in the B reader domain. Without this phosphorylation, transcription initiation does not occur. It has been suggested that the general transcription factor TFIIH could act as the kinase for this phosphorylation although more evidence is needed to support this. Althoug... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 2021, evidence for OH in the dayside atmosphere of the exoplanet WASP-33b was found in its emission spectrum at wavelengths between 1 and 2 micrometers. Evidence for OH in the atmosphere of exoplanet WASP-76b was subsequently found. Both WASP-33b and WASP-76b are ultra-hot Jupiters and it is likely that any water in... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Engineers can use the Brinell hardness of materials in their calculations to avoid this mode of failure. A rolling element bearing's static load rating is defined to avoid this failure type. Increasing the number of elements can provide better distribution of the load, so bearings intended for a large load may have man... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Members of the society are required to have worked in geochemistry for at least two years at the time of application; student members are admitted if they are enrolled in courses recognised by the Association. To become a voting member, or fellow, members must satisfy the society that they have adequate training and ex... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The concept of hydrogen bonding once was challenging. Linus Pauling credits T. S. Moore and T. F. Winmill with the first mention of the hydrogen bond, in 1912. Moore and Winmill used the hydrogen bond to account for the fact that trimethylammonium hydroxide is a weaker base than tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The descr... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In a low concentration (approximately 10%), nitric acid is often used to artificially age pine and maple. The color produced is a grey-gold very much like very old wax- or oil-finished wood (wood finishing). | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Enantioselective benzylic functionalization reactions depend on the use of enantiomerically pure, planar chiral chromium arene complexes. This section describes methods for the enantioselective synthesis of planar chiral chromium arene complexes, then outlines methods for functionalization of both sp- and sp-hybridized... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The GHK voltage equation for monovalent positive ionic species and negative:
This results in the following if we consider a membrane separating two -solutions:
It is "Nernst-like" but has a term for each permeant ion:
* = the membrane potential (in volts, equivalent to joules per coulomb)
* = the selectivity for that... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* "Surface Tension", (1891) Nature, 46, 437.
* "[https://archive.org/details/paper-doi-10_1038_046418e0/mode/2up On the relative contamination of the water-surface by equal quantities of different substances]", (1892) Nature 47, 418.
* "Relations between the surface tension and relative contamination of water surfaces"... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A carbometallation is any reaction where a carbon-metal bond reacts with a carbon-carbon π-bond to produce a new carbon-carbon σ-bond and a carbon-metal σ-bond. The resulting carbon-metal bond can undergo further carbometallation reactions (oligomerization or polymerization see Ziegler-Natta polymerization) or it can b... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Stars that burn hydrogen are called main sequence (MS) stars - these are by far the most common objects in the night sky. When the hydrogen fuel is exhausted and temperatures begin to fall, the object undergoes various transformations
and a white dwarf star is eventually born, the ember of the expired MS star. Temperat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
ACE-inhibitors like lisinopril are considered to be generally safe for people undergoing routine dental care, though the use of lisinopril prior to dental surgery is more controversial, with some dentists recommending discontinuation the morning of the procedure. People may present to dental care suspicious of an infec... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
It has been proposed that ThTP has a specific role in nerve excitability, but this has never been confirmed and recent results suggest that ThTP probably plays a role in cell energy metabolism. Low or absent levels of thiamine triphosphate have been found in Leighs disease.
In E. coli, ThTP is accumulated in the prese... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Common side effects associated with the use of flucloxacillin include: diarrhoea, nausea, rash, urticaria, pain and inflammation at injection site, superinfection (including candidiasis), allergy, and transient increases in liver enzymes and bilirubin.
Rarely, in fewer than 1 in 1,000 people, cholestatic jaundice (also... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
A Langmuir monolayer or insoluble monolayer is a one-molecule thick layer of an insoluble organic material spread onto an aqueous subphase in a Langmuir-Blodgett trough. Traditional compounds used to prepare Langmuir monolayers are amphiphilic materials that possess a hydrophilic headgroup and a hydrophobic tail. Since... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Trapped bubbles of air and water within fossil amber can be analyzed to provide direct evidence of the climate conditions existing when the resin or tree sap formed. The analysis of these trapped air bubbles provides a record of atmosphere composition going back 140 million years. The data indicate that the oxygen cont... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Pseudotropine (3β-tropanol, ψ-tropine, 3-pseudotropanol, or PTO) is a derivative of tropane and an isomer of tropine. Pseudotropine can be found in the Coca plant along with several other alkaloids | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ted Ellis and his wife are both natives of New Orleans, and much of his art along with his passion for art are inspired by the vibrant city. As a young man, he would search the colorful French Quarter for subjects to paint. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and the devastation of parts of the city, the city's role ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Potassium azodicarboxylate is a chemical compound with the formula CKNO. This chemical is used as a precursor to diimide. It can be synthesized by the reaction of potassium hydroxide with azodicarbonamide and it reacts with carboxylic acids to form diimide. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Vladimir Markovnikov was born on December 22, 1837, in Chernorechye near Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Empire (now Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russian Federation). Soon after his birth, his father retired and settled in a family estate received as a dowry from his wife's family at marriage, in the village of Ivanovo... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Cyclamin is used as an ingredient for a nasal spray to reduce the tension of the wall and induce secretion of mucous. Furthermore, due to its toxic effects on different (cancer) cell types, cyclamin might be considered for use as chemotherapeutic drug. However, more research first has to be done to reduce its toxicity ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory is a formal metabolic theory which provides a single quantitative framework to dynamically describe the aspects of metabolism (energy and mass budgets) of all living organisms at the individual level, based on assumptions about energy uptake, storage, and utilization of various su... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Computational approaches have been regarded as a useful tool to elucidate the mechanism of action of enzymes. Molecular mechanics itself can not predict the electron transfer which is the fundamental of organic reaction but the molecular dynamics simulation provide sufficient information considering the flexibility of ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The International Association for Sports Surface Sciences (ISSS) is the union of labs and experts in the field of sports surfaces. It was founded in 1985 in Switzerland. Its aims are the exchange of information and ideas regarding testing sports surfaces such as sports hall floors, synthetic surfaces of athletic tracks... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Enantiomeric excess is defined as the absolute difference between the mole fraction of each enantiomer:
where
In practice, it is most often expressed as a percent enantiomeric excess.
The enantiomeric excess can be determined in another way if we know the amount of each enantiomer produced. If one knows the moles of ea... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In Scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) the measurement volume is moved across the sample in a defined way. The introduction of scanning is motivated by its ability to alleviate or remove several distinct problems often encountered in standard FCS, and thus, to extend the range of applicability of fluo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The concentrations of species in equilibrium are usually calculated under the assumption that activity coefficients are either known or can be ignored. In this case, each equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in a set of multiple equilibria can be defined as follows
:α A + β B ... AB...;
The concentrati... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Here are some GeneRIFs taken from Entrez Gene for GeneID 7157, the human gene TP53.
The PubMed document identifiers have been omitted from the examples. Note the wide variability with respect to the presence or absence of punctuation and of sentence-initial capital letters.
* p53 and c-erbB-2 may have independent role... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* All alcoholic drinks including beer, cider, kombucha, kvass, mead, perry, tibicos, wine, pulque, hard liquors (brandy, rum, vodka, sake, schnapps), and soured by-products including vinegar and alegar
* Yeast leavened breads including sourdough, salt-rising bread, and others
* Cheese and some dairy products including ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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