text stringlengths 105 4.44k | label int64 0 9 | label_text stringclasses 10
values |
|---|---|---|
Pirkle and co-workers pioneered the development of a variety of CSPs based on charge-transfer complexation and simultaneous hydrogen bonding. These phases are also referred to as Brush-type CSPs. The Pirkle phases are based on aromatic π-acid (3,5-dinitrobenzoyI ring) and π- basic (naphthalene) derivative. In addition... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
From 1901 to 1938, Sørensen was head of the prestigious Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen. While working at the Carlsberg Laboratory he studied the effect of ion concentration on proteins and, because the concentration of hydrogen ions was particularly important, he introduced the pH-scale as a simple way of expressing... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
As the tartrate salt, levorphanol is marketed by Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. and Virtus Pharmaceuticals in the U.S., and Canada under the brand name Levo-Dromoran. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Arsenic poisoning (or arsenicosis) is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. Long-term exposure can result in thickenin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The mechanism proceeds in two stages: β-nucleophilic addition to the unsaturated carbonyl compound, followed by electrophilic substitution at the α-carbon of the resulting enolate.
When the nucleophile is an organometallic reagent, the mechanisms of the first step can vary. Whether reactions take place by ionic or radi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The production of bottromycin by S. bottropensis and S. scabies, as well as the production of a bottromycin analog termed bottromycin D, has been studied. It was independently confirmed in 2012 by multiple groups that bottromycin is produced as a ribosomal peptide natural product that it subsequently post-translational... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ultraviolet radiation can aggravate several skin conditions and diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögrens syndrome, Sinear Usher syndrome, rosacea, dermatomyositis, Dariers disease, Kindler–Weary syndrome and Porokeratosis. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Sodium amide is mainly used as a strong base in organic chemistry, often in liquid ammonia solution. It is the reagent of choice for the drying of ammonia (liquid or gaseous). One of the main advantages to the use of sodium amide is its relatively low nucleophilicity. In the industrial production of indigo, sodium amid... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction (abbreviated AGPC) is a liquid–liquid extraction technique in biochemistry. It is widely used in molecular biology for isolating RNA (as well as DNA and protein in some cases). This method may take longer than a column-based system such as the silica-based purif... | 1 | Biochemistry |
With the development of microfabrication and nanotechnology, the study of microfluidics and nanofluidics is drawing more attention. Research on microfluidic found its advantages in DNA analysis, lab-on-a-chip, and micro-TAS. Devices in a microfluidic system include channels, valves, mixers, and pumps. Integration of th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For the incompressible Arruda–Boyce model to be consistent with linear elasticity, with as the shear modulus of the material, the following condition has to be satisfied:
From the Arruda–Boyce strain energy density function, we have,
Therefore, at ,
Substituting in the values of leads to the consistency condition | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Arctic sea ice has experienced an extreme reduction over the past few decades, with the minimum area of sea ice being 4.32 million km in 2019, a sharp 38% decrease from 1980, when the minimum area was 7.01 million km. Sea ice plays an important role in the health of the Arctic Ocean, and its decline has had detrimental... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Robert Stirlings innovative contribution to the design of hot air engines of 1816 was what he called the Economiser'. Now known as the regenerator, it stored heat from the hot portion of the engine as the air passed to the cold side, and released heat to the cooled air as it returned to the hot side. This innovation im... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The equivalent carbon content concept is used on ferrous materials, typically steel and cast iron, to determine various properties of the alloy when more than just carbon is used as an alloyant, which is typical. The idea is to convert the percentage of alloying elements other than carbon to the equivalent carbon perce... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Depending on how the experiment is carried out, DamID can be subject to plasmid methylation biases. Because plasmids are usually amplified in E. coli where Dam is naturally expressed, they are methylated on every GATC. In transient transfection experiments, the DNA of those plasmids is recovered along with the DNA of t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Before 1960, virtually all measurements of photoelectron kinetic energies were for electrons emitted from metals and other solid surfaces. In about 1956, Kai Siegbahn developed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface chemical analysis. This method uses x-ray sources to study energy levels of atomic core elec... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
UV pinning is the process of applying a dose of low intensity ultraviolet (UV) light to a UV curable ink (UV ink). The lights wavelengths must be correctly matched to the inks photochemical properties. As a result, the ink droplets move to a higher viscosity state, but stop short of full cure. This is also referred ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In the first step of the porphyrin biosynthesis pathway, porphobilinogen is generated from aminolevulinate (ALA) by the enzyme ALA dehydratase. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Biomonitoring involves the use of organisms to assess environmental contamination, such as of surrounding air or water. It can be done qualitatively by observing and noting changes in organisms, or quantitatively by measuring accumulation of chemicals in organism tissues. By observing or measuring the effects the envir... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Photoactive catalysts have been introduced over the last decade, such as and ZnO nano rodes. Most suffer from the fact that they can only perform under UV irradiation due to their band structure. Other photocatalysts, including a graphene-ZnO nanocompound counter this problem. | 5 | Photochemistry |
The applications of photophoresis expand into the various divisions of science, thus physics, chemistry as well as in biology. Photophoresis is applied in particle trapping and levitation, in the field flow fractionation of particles, in the determination of thermal conductivity and temperature of microscopic grains a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Compressor performance changes, day to day, with changes in the ambient pressure and temperature. Woolenweber shows the change in performance of a turbocharger compressor when the inlet temperature varies between 70 and 100 deg F. In the case of aircraft compressors, inlet pressure and temperature also change with alti... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The impact of an ethanol-based universal indicator may seem negligible at first glance. However, in the case of dilute solutions prepared with bidistilled water, this influence becomes readily discernible and measurable. [https://github.com/ddiesing/universal_indicator_conductivity/blob/main/indicator_conc_conduct.csv] | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
NCOA6 has been shown to interact with:
* ASCL2 and
* Activating transcription factor 2,
* Androgen receptor,
* CREB-binding protein,
* DNA-PKcs,
* E2F1,
* EP300,
* Estrogen receptor alpha,
* Estrogen receptor beta,
* HBXIP,
* HIST2H3C,
* HSF1,
* Ku70,
* Ku80,
* Liver X receptor beta,
* MLL3,
* RBBP5,
*... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bisulfite sequencing applies routine sequencing methods on bisulfite-treated genomic DNA to determine methylation status at CpG dinucleotides. Other non-sequencing strategies are also employed to interrogate the methylation at specific loci or at a genome-wide level. All strategies assume that bisulfite-induced conve... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are at least five hormones that aid and regulate the digestive system in mammals. There are variations across the vertebrates, as for instance in birds. Arrangements are complex and additional details are regularly discovered. Connections to metabolic control (largely the glucose-insulin system) have been uncover... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Biochemical differences between different organisms and humans are useful for drug development. For instance, penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme DD-transpeptidase, destroying the development of the bacterial cell wall and inducing cell death. Thus, the study of binding sites is relevant to man... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Typical arene tricarbonyl piano stool complexes of Mn(I) and Re(I) are cationic and thus exhibit enhanced reactivity toward nucleophiles. Subsequent to nucleophilic addition, the modified arene can be recovered from the metal. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology has nine laboratories with key areas of expertise:
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728031933/http://www.postech.ac.kr/mse/axal/ Alternative Technology Lab]:
**Continuous casting-related innovation
**Texture control
**Alternative alloying and processing
* [https://web.arc... | 8 | Metallurgy |
When stored in the presence of air or oxygen, ethers tend to form explosive peroxides, such as diethyl ether hydroperoxide. The reaction is accelerated by light, metal catalysts, and aldehydes. In addition to avoiding storage conditions likely to form peroxides, it is recommended, when an ether is used as a solvent, no... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In computational biology, protein pK calculations are used to estimate the pK values of amino acids as they exist within proteins. These calculations complement the pK values reported for amino acids in their free state, and are used frequently within the fields of molecular modeling, structural bioinformatics, and com... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Threonine proteases use the amino acid threonine as their catalytic nucleophile. Unlike cysteine and serine, threonine is a secondary hydroxyl (i.e. has a methyl group). This methyl group greatly restricts the possible orientations of triad and substrate as the methyl clashes with either the enzyme backbone or histidin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The current production method includes two reaction steps with potentially hazardous azides. A reported azide-free Roche synthesis of tamiflu is summarised graphically below:
The synthesis commences from naturally available (−)-shikimic acid. The 3,4-pentylidene acetal mesylate is prepared in three steps: esterificati... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
During the 1950s, Bernard Katz and Paul Fatt observed spontaneous miniature synaptic currents at the frog neuromuscular junction. Based on these observations, they developed the quantal hypothesis that is the basis for our current understanding of neurotransmitter release as exocytosis and for which Katz received the N... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Recently, Gregory Fu and colleagues reported a modification of their earlier kinetic resolution work to produce an effective dynamic kinetic resolution. Using the ruthenium racemization catalyst shown to the right, and his planar chiral DMAP catalyst, Fu has demonstrated the dynamic kinetic resolution of secondary alco... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Chloroplasts make all of a cell's purines and pyrimidines—the nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. They also convert nitrite (NO) into ammonia (NH) which supplies the plant with nitrogen to make its amino acids and nucleotides. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*Rutherford Memorial Medal (2009)
*OMCOS Award (2009)
*Sloan Research Fellowship (2008)
*Merck Process Award (2008)
*Eli Lilly Grantee (2007–2009)
*NSERC Discovery Accelerator Supplement Award (2007–2009)
*Amgen Young Investigator's Award (2007)
*Astra Zeneca Award for Chemistry (2007)
*University of Ottawa Research Ch... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Wood dust is known to be a human carcinogen, based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. It has been demonstrated through human epidemiologic studies that exposure to wood dust increases the occurrence of cancer of the nose (nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses). An association of wood dust ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
CrysTBox is freely available on demand for non-commercial use by non-commercial subjects. The only safe way to download CrysTBox installers is via a request form on the official website. Commercial use is not allowed due to the license of MATLAB used for CrysTBox compilation. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Zuclopenthixol antagonises both dopamine D and D receptors, α-adrenoceptors and 5-HT receptors with a high affinity, but has no affinity for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It weakly antagonises the histamine (H) receptor but has no α-adrenoceptor blocking activity .
Evidence from in vitro work and clinical sources... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In the United States, sperm banks maintain lists or catalogs of donors which provide basic information about the donor such as racial origin, skin color, height, weight, color of eyes, and blood group. Some of these catalogs are available for browsing on the Internet, while others are made available to patients only wh... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
* Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society'
* [http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/522499/description#description Biophysical Chemistry journal]
* Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
* Starke/ Starch Journal
* [http://journalofdairyscience.org/ Journ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
HPTLC comprises three modes: linear mode, circular mode, and anticircular mode. Among these modes, the anticircular mode stands out as the fastest in theory and practice within the realm of HPTLC. This mode achieves separation by allowing the mobile phase to enter the plate layer precisely along an outer circular path,... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (). If the R′ is hydrogen, the compounds are called hydroperoxides, which are discussed in that article. The O−O bond of peroxides easily breaks, producing free radicals of the form (the dot represents an unpaired el... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Thomas Gilbert Henry Jones (1895–1970) was an Australian organic chemist and academic, notable for his pioneering work in the field of essential oils from Queensland flora natural products. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* Ewald, M., Fechner, P. & Gauglitz, G. Anal Bioanal Chem (2015) 407: 4005. doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8562-0
* Bleher, O., Schindler, A., Yin, MX. et al. Anal Bioanal Chem (2014) 406: 3305. doi:10.1007/s00216-013-7504-y
* Schindler, A., Bleher, O., Thaler, M., et al. (2014). Diagnostic performance study of an antigen micr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
IPM is used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, human habitations, preventive conservation of cultural property and general pest control, including structural pest management, turf pest management and ornamental pest management. IPM practices help to prevent and slow the development of resistance, known as resistan... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The molecule malabaricane and its derivatives, the malabaricanes, are triterpene and triterpenoid compounds found in various organisms. They are named after the rain forest tree Ailanthus malabarica (Ailanthus triphysa), from which they were first isolated in 1967 by scientists at the National Chemical Laboratory in Pu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Every two anomers are designated alpha (α) or beta (β), according to the configurational relationship between the anomeric centre and the anomeric reference atom, hence they are relative stereodescriptors. The anomeric centre in hemiacetals is the anomeric carbon C-1; in hemiketals, it is the carbon derived from the ca... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The reagent is prepared by dissolving 0.5–2.0 g of p–dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) in 50 mL of 95% ethanol and 50 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and is best used when fresh. Other alcohols, such as 1-propanol, can also be used as well.
The Ehrlich reagent is similar to a number of other indole tests:
* The van... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Three proteinaceous iron–sulfur reaction centers are found in PSI. Labeled F, F, and F, they serve as electron relays. F and F are bound to protein subunits of the PSI complex and F is tied to the PSI complex. Various experiments have shown some disparity between theories of iron–sulfur cofactor orientation and operati... | 5 | Photochemistry |
(Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene, , is a hypervalent iodine compound used as a reagent in organic chemistry. It can be used to carry out the Hofmann rearrangement under acidic conditions. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
CoQ taken as a pharmacological substance has potential to inhibit the effects of theophylline as well as the anticoagulant warfarin; CoQ may interfere with warfarins actions by interacting with cytochrome p450 enzymes thereby reducing the INR, a measure of blood clotting. The structure of CoQ is similar to that of vita... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Major greenhouse gases are well mixed and take many years to leave the atmosphere.
The atmospheric lifetime of a greenhouse gas refers to the time required to restore equilibrium following a sudden increase or decrease in its concentration in the atmosphere. Individual atoms or molecules may be lost or deposited to si... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
First developed in 1836 by Danish archaeologist Christian Jürgensen Thomsen as a part of his "Three-age system", the term "Bronze Age" is used by archaeologists to refer to those societies which have developed bronze technology but not yet learned how to work the more complicated process involved in making iron objects... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food compounds into small water-soluble components so that they can be absorbed into the blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Japan, which had permitted its feed additive use at least until 2009, and South Korea only allow import of meat with ractopamine residues up to the maximum residue limit (MRL), but do not permit its use in beef production. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In Sweden, it is legal to produce fermented water and there is no upper limit on the alcohol volume produced from the yeast. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ca currents through cardiomyocyte gap junctions mediate synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue. As a result, GCaMP expression in cardiomyocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, has been used to study Ca-influx-dependent excitation and contraction in zebrafish and mice. For instance, Tallini et al. (2006) expressed GCaMP... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sarıçiftçi specializes in the field of organic semiconductors and their applications. In particular, he has worked in the field of organic solar cells. Chemical energy storage of solar energy by means of CO recycling recycling is in its research increasingly important. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
LAs may enhance the effects of depolarisation and nondepolarising NMBAs through pre and post-synaptic interactions at the NMJ. It may result in blood levels high enough to potentiate NMBA-induced neuromuscular block. Epidurally administered levobupivacaine and mepivacaine potentiate amino-steroidal NMBAs and delay reco... | 1 | Biochemistry |
On this scale, pure HSO (18.4 M) has a H value of −12, and pyrosulfuric acid has H ~ −15. Take note that the Hammett acidity function clearly avoids water in its equation. It is a generalization of the pH scale—in a dilute aqueous solution (where B is HO), pH is very nearly equal to H. By using a solvent-independent qu... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Due to sulfur's high covalence, it can form up to 6 chemical bonds with other elements such as oxygen, resulting in a large number of oxidation states. Thus, there exist several redox reactions involving sulfur compounds. This freedom allows numerous chemical steps with different entropy changes, increasing the odds of... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ender's hydrazone alkylation reaction is usually run through a sequence of three steps. The first step should always be the synthesis of the hydrazones. The ketone or aldehyde is mixed with either SAMP or RAMP and allowed to react under argon for 12 hours. The crude hydrazone obtained is purified by distillation or rec... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
LaNi is an intermetallic compound with a CaCu structure. It belongs to the hexagonal crystal system. It can be oxidized by air above 200 °C, and react with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid above 20 °C. LaNi can be used as a catalyst for hydrogenation reactions. | 8 | Metallurgy |
This machine uses a motor-driven plate to hold a precisely flat disk (known as a "lap") for the purpose of cutting or polishing. Diamond abrasives bonded to metal or resin are typically used for cutting laps, and a wide variety of materials are used for polishing laps in conjunction with either very fine diamond powde... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Like pheromones (communication chemicals used within a species), kairomones can be utilized as an attracticide to lure a pest species to a location containing pesticide. However, they might also be used to lure desired species. Kairomones produced by the hosts of parasitic wasps have been used in an attempt to attract ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* TEs are also a widely used tool for mutagenesis of most experimentally tractable organisms. The Sleeping Beauty transposon system has been used extensively as an insertional tag for identifying cancer genes.
* The Tc1/mariner-class of TEs Sleeping Beauty transposon system, awarded Molecule of the Year in 2009, is act... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A typical sublimation apparatus separates a mix of appropriate solid materials in a vessel in which it applies heat under a controllable atmosphere (air, vacuum or inert gas). If the material is not at first solid, then it may freeze under reduced pressure. Conditions are so chosen that the solid volatilizes and conden... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Pho regulon is controlled by a two-component regulatory system composed of a histidine kinase sensor protein (PhoR) within the inner membrane and a transcriptional response regulator (PhoB/PhoR) on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. These proteins bind to upstream promoters in the pho regulon in order to induce ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Alkyl radical disproportionation has been studied extensively in scientific literature. During alkyl radical disproportionation, an alkane and an alkene are the end products and the bond order of the products increases by one over the reactants. Thus the reaction is exothermic (ΔH = ) and proceeds rapidly. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Research has shown that cells undergoing rapid growth have shown changes in their metabolism. These changes are observed with regards to glucose metabolism. The changes in metabolism occur because the rate of metabolism controls various signal transduction pathways that coordinate the activation of transcription factor... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Since the late 1990s product analysis via SYBR Green, other double-strand specific dyes, or probe-based melting curve analysis has become nearly ubiquitous. The probe-based technique is sensitive enough to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and can distinguish between homozygous wildtype, heterozygous and hom... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Loading: The first amino acid is activated with ATP as a mixed acyl-phosphoric acid anhydride with AMP by the A-domain and loaded onto the serine-attached 4-phospho-pantethine (4PP) sidechain of the PCP-domain catalyzed by the PCP-domain (thiolation).
* Some A domains require interaction with MbtH-like proteins for t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Infrared absorption band positions may be given either in wavelength (usually in micrometers, μm) or wavenumber (usually in reciprocal centimeters, cm) scale. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Brazing (sometimes known as silver soldering or hard soldering) requires a higher temperature than soft soldering (> 450 °C). As well as removing existing oxides, rapid oxidation of the metal at the elevated temperatures has to be avoided. This means that fluxes need to be more aggressive and to provide a physical barr... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Magnesium is the most abundant free cation in plant cytosol, is the central atom in chlorophyll and offers itself as a bridging ion for the aggregation of ribosomes in plants. Even small changes in the concentration of magnesium in plant cytosol or chloroplasts can drastically affect the key enzymes present in the chlo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Virtually all TOC analysers measure the CO formed when organic carbon is oxidized and/or when inorganic carbon is acidified. Oxidation is performed either through Pt-catalyzed combustion, by heated persulfate, or with a UV/persulfate reactor. Once the CO is formed, it is measured by a detector: either a conductivity ce... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Liquid water is essential for carbon-based life. Chemical bonding of carbon molecules requires liquid water. Water has the chemical property to make compound-solvent pairing. In humans, 55% to 60% of the body is water. Water provides the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Hydration of carbon dioxide is needed in c... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Since the mid-20th century, it has been discerned from population studies (though incompletely understood) that fluoride reduces tooth decay. Initially, researchers hypothesized that fluoride helped by converting tooth enamel from the more acid-soluble mineral hydroxyapatite to the less acid-soluble mineral fluorapatit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lithium tetramethylpiperidide (often abbreviated LiTMP or LTMP) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . It is used as a non-nucleophilic base, being comparable to LiHMDS in terms of steric hindrance. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The conventional method of performing laser-induced fluorescence, as well as other types of spectroscopic measurements, such as infrared, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, phosphorescence, etc., is to use a small transparent laboratory vessel, a cuvette, to contain the sample to be analyzed.
To perform a measurement, t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Caspian Sea region presently is a significant, but not major, supplier of crude oil to world markets, based upon estimates by BP Amoco and the U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. The region output about 1.4–1.5 million barrels per day plus natural gas liquids in 2001, 1.9% of total wo... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
*ALAS1 Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase type 1 (type 2 is erythroid and associated with porphyria)
*ARHGEF2 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor
*ARMET Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor
*AES amino terminal enhancer of split
*BECN1 involved in autophagy and partners with PI3K
*BUD31 formerly Maternal G10... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), also known as the ADP/ATP translocase (ANT), ADP/ATP carrier protein (AAC) or mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, exchanges free ATP with free ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ANT is the most abundant protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane and belongs to mitochondrial ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Increasing the pressure in a gaseous reaction will increase the number of collisions between reactants, increasing the rate of reaction. This is because the activity of a gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. This is similar to the effect of increasing the concentration of a solution.
In addi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Bilirubin is created by the activity of biliverdin reductase on biliverdin, a green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment that is also a product of heme catabolism. Bilirubin, when oxidized, reverts to become biliverdin once again. This cycle, in addition to the demonstration of the potent antioxidant activity of bilirubin, has l... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Thermal plasmas. can be technically generated, for example, by inductive coupling of high-frequency fields in the MHz range (ICP: Inductively coupled plasma) or by direct current coupling (arc discharges). A thermal plasma is characterized by the fact that electrons, ions and neutral particles are in thermodynamic equi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Diboryne or a compound with boron-boron triple bond was first isolated as a N-heterocyclic carbene supported complex (NHC-BB-NHC) in the Braunschweig group, and its unique, peculiar bonding structure thereupon catalyzed new research to computationally assess the nature of this at that time controversial triple bond.
A ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The usage of multiple reading frames leads to the possibility of overlapping genes; there may be many of these in viral, prokaryote, and mitochondrial genomes. Some viruses, e.g. hepatitis B virus and BYDV, use several overlapping genes in different reading frames.
In rare cases, a ribosome may shift from one frame to ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Poaceae (grasses) including agriculturally important species such as barley and wheat are able to efficiently sequester iron by releasing phytosiderophores via their root into the surrounding soil rhizosphere. Chemical compounds produced by microorganisms in the rhizosphere can also increase the availability and uptake... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For plasma to exist, ionization is necessary. The term "plasma density" by itself usually refers to the electron density , that is, the number of charge-contributing electrons per unit volume. The degree of ionization is defined as fraction of neutral particles that are ionized:
where is the ion density and the neut... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Detrimental secondary phases can also form because of thermal treatments or during the material production. Excessively high sintering/annealing temperatures or long dwelling times will result in the loss of volatile species (especially LiO) and in the decomposition of LAGP main phase into AlPO and GeO. LAGP bulk sampl... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A hemichrome (FeIII) is a form of low-spin methemoglobin (metHb).
Hemichromes, which precede the denaturation processes of hemoglobin (Hb), are mainly produced by partially denaturated hemoglobins and form histidine complexes.
Hemichromes are usually associated with blood disorders. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.
Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Mol... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The equilibrium reaction involving diamond is
Examining the oxygen fugacity of the upper mantle and transition enables us to compare it with the conditions (equilibrium reaction shown above) required for diamond formation. The results show that the is usually 2 units lower than the carbonate-carbon reaction which mean... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The first useful addition polymer was made by accident in 1933 by ICI chemists Reginald Gibson and Eric Fawcett. They were carrying out a series of experiments that involved reacting organic compounds under high temperatures and high pressures. They set up an experiment to react ethene with benzaldehyde in the hope of ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Aequorin is presumably encoded in the genome of Aequorea. At least four copies of the gene were recovered as cDNA from the animal. Because the genome has not been sequenced, it is unclear if the cDNA variants can account for all of the isoforms of the protein. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Although this page is devoted to genes that should be ubiquitously expressed, this section is for genes whose current name reflects their relative upregulation in testes
*SPAG7
*SRM Spermidine synthase
*TEGT Bax-1 inhibitor
*DAZAP2 Deleted in azoospermia
*MEA1 Male enhanced antigen | 1 | Biochemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.