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2,4,6-Trichlorobenzoyl chloride or Yamaguchi's reagent is an chlorinated aromatic compound that is commonly used in a variety of organic syntheses. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
CID has been used for a number of applications in biomedical research. In most applications each dimerizing protein is expressed as part of a fusion construct with other proteins of interest. Adding the chemical dimerizing agent brings both constructs into proximity with each other and induces interactions between the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Rudd serves as an associate of the Anglican Church at the Community of St Mary the Virgin in Wantage, Oxfordshire. She took a fifteen-year career break to raise her four children. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Photosystem II is the photosystem that generates the two electrons that will eventually reduce NADP in ferredoxin-NADP-reductase. Photosystem II is present on the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis in green plants. The structure of Photosystem II is remarkably similar to the bacterial r... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The procedure involves heating a sample of genomic DNA until it denatures into the single stranded-form, and then slowly cooling it, so the strands can pair back together. While the sample is cooling, measurements are taken of how much of the DNA is base paired at each temperature.
The amount of single and double-str... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The technique operates on the principle that a positron or positronium will annihilate through interaction with electrons. This annihilation releases gamma rays that can be detected; the time between emission of positrons from a radioactive source and detection of gamma rays due to annihilation corresponds to the lifet... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Multi-junction cells consist of multiple thin films, each essentially a solar cell grown on top of another, typically using metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. Each layer has a different band gap energy to allow it to absorb electromagnetic radiation over a different portion of the spectrum. Multi-junction cells were or... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Carbaminohemoglobin interacts with carbon dioxide in a process known as respiratory gas exchange. The interaction involves the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide binds to the protein chains of hemoglobin. The ability of hemoglobin to bind to both oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules is what makes it... | 1 | Biochemistry |
UPS has seen a considerable revival with the increasing availability of synchrotron light sources which provide a wide range of monochromatic photon energies. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The eluate contains the analyte material that emerges from the chromatograph. It specifically includes both the analytes and coeluting solutes passing through the column, while the eluent is only the carrier. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Certain types of venom, such as those produced by venomous snakes, can also cause proteolysis. These venoms are, in fact, complex digestive fluids that begin their work outside of the body. Proteolytic venoms cause a wide range of toxic effects, including effects that are:
* cytotoxic (cell-destroying)
* hemotoxic (blo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Anti-Ro/SSA can target Ro52 and Ro60 proteins. Most Anti-Ro/SSA activity occurs on the cell surface, wherein Ro proteins are expressed on the cell membrane and extracellular Anti-Ro/SSAs bind to Ro. There is some evidence that the IgG isotype of anti-Ro/SSA antibody can enter the cell.
* Anti-Ro autoantibodies are typi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The movement of ions across the membrane depends on a combination of two factors:
# Diffusion force caused by a concentration gradient - all particles tend to diffuse from higher concentration to lower.
# Electrostatic force caused by electrical potential gradient - cations like protons H tend to diffuse down the elect... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A membrane osmometer is a device used to indirectly measure the number average molecular weight () of a polymer sample. One chamber contains pure solvent and the other chamber contains a solution in which the solute is a polymer with an unknown . The osmotic pressure of the solvent across the semipermeable membrane is... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
DEB theory has been extended into many directions, such as
*effects of changes in shape during growth (e.g. V1-morphs and V0-morphs)
*non-standard embryo->juvenile->adult transitions, for example in holometabolic insects
*inclusion of more types of food (substrate), which requires synthesizing units to model
*inclus... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Paleosalinity (or palaeosalinity) is the salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Artificial introduction of long dsRNAs or siRNAs has been adopted as a tool to inactivate gene expression, both in cultured cells and in living organisms. Structural and functional resolution of small RNAs as the effectors of RNA silencing has had a direct impact on experimental biology. For example, dsRNA may be synth... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Meta-analyses found that increased perceived psychological stress was associated with a small decrease in telomere length—but that these associations attenuate to no significant association when accounting for publication bias. The literature concerning telomeres as integrative biomarkers of exposure to stress an... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In dynamic covalent chemistry covalent bonds are broken and formed in a reversible reaction under thermodynamic control. While covalent bonds are key to the process, the system is directed by non-covalent forces to form the lowest energy structures. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
A transcript is an RNA molecule that is copied or transcribed from a DNA template. A transcript can be further processed by alternative splicing, which is the retention of different combinations of exons. These unique combinations of exons are termed RNA transcript isoforms. The transcriptome is a set of all RNA, inclu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The smelting of gold began sometime around 6000 – 3000 BC. According to one source the technique began to be in use in Mesopotamia or Syria. In ancient Greece, Heraclitus wrote on the subject.
According to de Lecerda and Salomons (1997) mercury was first in use for extraction at about 1000 BC, according to Meech and ot... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In their largest application, an oxime is an intermediate in the industrial production of caprolactam, a precursor to Nylon 6. About half of the world's supply of cyclohexanone, more than a million tonnes annually, is converted to the oxime. In the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst, the oxime undergoes the Beckmann re... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Anammox, an abbreviation for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation", is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle that takes place in many natural environments. The bacteria mediating this process were identified in 1999, and were a great surprise for the scientific community. In the anammox reaction, nitrit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydroxylamine reacts with electrophiles, such as alkylating agents, which can attach to either the oxygen or the nitrogen atoms:
The reaction of with an aldehyde or ketone produces an oxime.
: (in NaOH solution)
This reaction is useful in the purification of ketones and aldehydes: if hydroxylamine is added to an aldeh... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In the Hooker reaction (1936) an alkyl chain in a certain naphthoquinone (phenomenon first observed in the compound lapachol) is reduced by one methylene unit as carbon dioxide in each potassium permanganate oxidation.
:Mechanistically oxidation causes ring-cleavage at the alkene group, extrusion of carbon dioxide in d... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Quantum dots are fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles that typically brighter than conventional stains. They are generally more expensive, toxic, do not permeate cell membranes, and cannot be manufactured by the cell. | 1 | Biochemistry |
When the temperature of concrete exceeds 65 °C for too long a time at an early age, the crystallization of ettringite (AFt) does not occur because of its higher solubility at elevated temperature and the then less soluble mono-sulfate (AFm) is formed. After dissipation of the cement hydration heat, temperature goes bac... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The compressibility of water is a function of pressure and temperature. At 0 °C, at the limit of zero pressure, the compressibility is . At the zero-pressure limit, the compressibility reaches a minimum of around 45 °C before increasing again with increasing temperature. As the pressure is increased, the compressibili... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Perfluorohexane (), or tetradecafluorohexane, is a fluorocarbon. It is a derivative of hexane in which all the hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms. It is used in one formulation of the electronic cooling liquid/insulator Fluorinert for low-temperature applications due to its low boiling point of 56 °C and fre... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Purines are biologically synthesized as nucleotides and in particular as ribotides, i.e. bases attached to ribose 5-phosphate. Both adenine and guanine are derived from the nucleotide inosine monophosphate (IMP), which is the first compound in the pathway to have a completely formed purine ring system. | 1 | Biochemistry |
It is manufactured by the reaction of methane and sulfuryl chloride in a radical reaction:
Another method of manufacture entails chlorination of methanesulfonic acid with thionyl chloride or phosgene: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Plasmas are studied by the vast academic field of plasma science or plasma physics, including several sub-disciplines such as space plasma physics.
Plasmas can appear in nature in various forms and locations, with a few examples given in the following table: | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Faraday paradox was a once inexplicable aspect of the reaction between nitric acid and steel. Around 1830, the English scientist Michael Faraday found that diluted nitric acid would attack steel, but concentrated nitric acid would not. The attempt to explain this discovery led to advances in electrochemistry. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Christoph Weder is the former director of the Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI) at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and a professor of polymer chemistry and materials. He is best known for his work on stimuli-responsive polymers, polymeric materials that change one or more of their properties when exposed to exter... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Many routes for the synthesis of TMP have been reported. One method starts with a conjugate addition reaction of ammonia to phorone. The intermediate triacetone amine is then reduced in a Wolff-Kishner reaction. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In many binary semiconducting systems, the band gap in semiconductors is approximately a linear function of the lattice parameter. Therefore, if the lattice parameter of a semiconducting system follows Vegard's law, one can also write a linear relationship between the band gap and composition. Using as before, the ban... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The active transport of monoamines from the cytosol into storage vesicles operates against a large (>10) concentration gradient. Secondary active transport is the type of active transport used, meaning that VMAT1 is an antiporter. This transport is facilitated via proton gradient generated by the protein proton ATPas... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the field of biochemistry, the specificity constant (also called kinetic efficiency or ), is a measure of how efficiently an enzyme converts substrates into products. A comparison of specificity constants can also be used as a measure of the preference of an enzyme for different substrates (i.e., substrate specifici... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This syndrome is associated with increased susceptibility to tumors and growth abnormalities in children. A common cause of this syndrome is a mutation in an imprint control region <nowiki/>near the Igf2 gene. This imprint control region is normally bound by an insulator on the maternal allele, which represses an enhan... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Alkaline hydrolysis usually refers to types of nucleophilic substitution reactions in which the attacking nucleophile is a hydroxide ion. The best known type is saponification: cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and alcohols. In ester hydrolysis and amide hydrolysis the hydroxide ion nucleophile attacks the carbony... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
High-temperature corrosion is a mechanism of corrosion that takes place when gas turbines, diesel engines, furnaces or other machinery come in contact with hot gas containing certain contaminants. Fuel sometimes contains vanadium compounds or sulfates, which can form low melting point compounds during combustion. Thes... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The rule can be used to understand the stability of completely conjugated monocyclic hydrocarbons (known as annulenes) as well as their cations and anions.
The best-known example is benzene (CH) with a conjugated system of six π electrons, which equals 4n + 2 for n = 1. The molecule undergoes substitution reactions whi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Sepro Leach Reactor is a high concentration leach reactor developed to treat the gold concentrate produced by the Falcon Concentrator. The unit consists of a concentrate holding tank and a leach tank and impeller which are linked by a Sepro vertical bowl pump. The SLR uses either peroxide or oxygen gas to achieve e... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In chemistry, an alkoxide is the conjugate base of an alcohol and therefore consists of an organic group bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom. They are written as , where R is the organyl substituent. Alkoxides are strong bases and, when R is not bulky, good nucleophiles and good ligands. Alkoxides, although g... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Nearly two billion people in the developing world are deficient in zinc. Groups at risk include children in developing countries and the elderly with chronic illnesses. In children, it causes an increase in infection and diarrhea and contributes to the death of about 800,000 children worldwide per year. The World Healt... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nanoelectrodes are tiny electrodes made of metals or semiconducting materials having typical dimensions of 1-100 nm.
Various forms of nanoelectrodes have been developed taking advantage of the different possible fabrication techniques: among the most studied are the nanoband, disk, hemispherical, nanopore geometries as... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The majority of eukaryotic genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, proceeding in the 5 to 3 direction. In eukaryotes, specific subunits within the RNA polymerase II complex allow it to carry out multiple functions. General transcription factors help binding RNA polymerase II to DNA. Promoters are cites where RNA po... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pyrimidine biosynthesis creates derivatives —like orotate, thymine, cytosine, and uracil— de novo from carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate.
As is often the case with parent heterocyclic ring systems, the synthesis of pyrimidine is not that common and is usually performed by removing functional groups from derivatives. Pr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Studies have shown that the binding of TFIIB to TBP is affected by the length of the polyglutamine tract in TBP. Extended polyglutamine tracts such as those found in neurodegenerative diseases cause increased interaction with TFIIB. This is thought to affect transcription in these diseases as it reduces the availabilit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Polarized liquid interfaces have been used to examine the thermodynamics and kinetics of the transfer of charged species from one phase to another. Two main methods exist. The first is ITIES, "interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions". The second is droplet experiments. Here a reaction at a triple interf... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 1.435, ranking it 12th out of 75 journals in the category "Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering". | 8 | Metallurgy |
Thalidomide is provided as a racemic mixture of two enantiomers; while there are reports that only one of the enantiomers may cause birth defects, the body converts each enantiomer into the other through mechanisms that are not well understood. The (R)-enantiomer has the desired sedative effect while the (S)-enantiomer... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Molecular intermixing tends to broaden the glass transition regions of some IPN materials compared to their component polymers. This unique characteristic provides excellent mechanical damping properties over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies due to a relatively constant and high phase angle. In IPNs compose... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ariconium was a road station of Roman Britain mentioned in Iter XIII of the Iter Britanniarum of the Antonine Itineraries. It was located at Bury Hill in the parish of Weston under Penyard, about east of Ross on Wye, Herefordshire, and about southeast of Hereford. The site existed prior to the Roman era, and then cam... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The mechanism of its actions is thought to be related to the selective inhibition of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Favipiravir is a prodrug that is metabolized to its active form, favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate (favipiravir-RTP), available in both oral and intravenous formulations. In 2014, favipiravir... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Instrumental analysis is a field of analytical chemistry that investigates analytes using scientific instruments. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The historical background is divided into several subsections. The first is the general background to electrons in vacuum and the technological developments that led to cathode-ray tubes as well as vacuum tubes that dominated early television and electronics; the second is how these led to the development of electron m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Internal oxidation, in corrosion of metals, is the process of formation of corrosion products (e.g. a metal oxide) within the metal bulk. In other words, the corrosion products are created away from the metal surface, and they are isolated from the surface.
Internal oxidation occurs when some components of the alloy ar... | 8 | Metallurgy |
An ISASMELT furnace is an upright-cylindrical shaped steel vessel that is lined with refractory bricks. There is a molten bath of slag, matte or metal (depending on the application) at the bottom of the furnace. A steel lance is lowered into the bath through a hole in the roof of the furnace, and air or oxygen-enriched... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The ability of pitch to contaminate those in contact with it is mentioned by Dogberry, a character in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing', and the same point is made in a speech by Falstaff in Henry IV, Part 1, who refers to "ancient writers" who have made this observation. The Jewish deuterocanonical Book of Sirach s... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Arsenic biochemistry refers to biochemical processes that can use arsenic or its compounds, such as arsenate. Arsenic is a moderately abundant element in Earth's crust, and although many arsenic compounds are often considered highly toxic to most life, a wide variety of organoarsenic compounds are produced biologically... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sedimentation is a long-term sink for carbon in the ocean, as well as the largest loss of carbon from the oceanic system. Deep marine sediments and geologic formations are important since they provide a thorough record of life on Earth and an important source of fossil fuel. Oceanic carbon can exit the system in the fo... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The RFamide peptide family, or the RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs), are a family of neuropeptides. They are characterized by the possession of an Arg-Phe-NH motif at their C-terminal extremities.
Members of the family include:
* Neuropeptide FF group
** Neuropeptide AF
** Neuropeptide FF
** Neuropeptide SF (RFRP-1)
**... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS) is an optical technique derived from dynamic light scattering (DLS) that studies the dynamics of scattered light in the limit of strong multiple scattering. It has been widely used in the past to study colloidal suspensions, emulsions, foams, gels, biological media and other forms of s... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, a selone (also known as a selenoketone) is the structural analog of a ketone where selenium replaces oxygen. Selenium-77 is one of the isotopes of selenium that is stable and naturally occurring, so selenoketone-containing chemicals can be analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Selones... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A future nanocar with a synthetic molecular motor has been developed by Jean-Francois Morin et al. It is fitted with carborane wheels and a light-powered helicene synthetic molecular motor. Although the motor moiety displayed unidirectional rotation in solution, light-driven motion on a surface has yet to be observed. ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Gerhard Ertl (; born 10 October 1936) is a German physicist and a Professor emeritus at the Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in Berlin, Germany. Ertl's research laid the foundation of modern surface chemistry, which has helped explain how fuel cells produce energy witho... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, deposition occurs when molecules settle out of a solution.
Deposition can be viewed as a reverse process to dissolution or particle re-entrainment. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
This salt is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of ruthenium trichloride with 2,2'-bipyridine. In this conversion, Ru(III) is reduced to Ru(II), and hypophosphorous acid is typically added as a reducing agent. [Ru(bpy)] is octahedral, containing a central low spin d Ru(II) ion and three bidentate bpy ligands. Th... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Memory metal has been utilized in orthopedic surgery as a fixation-compression device for osteotomies, typically for lower extremity procedures. The device, usually in the form of a large staple, is stored in a refrigerator in its malleable form and is implanted into pre-drilled holes in the bone across an osteotomy. A... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Esters () are named as alkyl derivatives of carboxylic acids. The alkyl (R') group is named first. The part is then named as a separate word based on the carboxylic acid name, with the ending changed from "-oic acid" to "-oate" or "-carboxylate" For example, is methyl pentanoate, and is ethyl 4-methylpentanoate. For... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* Handling of small quantities is not always simple.
* Higher accuracy of weighing is necessary (e.g. use of accurate balance).
* Sample surface preparation can have a major impact on measurement results. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The electrolysis process, also known as the hydrometallurgical process, Roast-Leach-Electrowin (RLE) process, or electrolytic process, is more widely used than the pyrometallurgical processes.
The electrolysis process consists of 4 steps: leaching, purification, electrolysis, and melting and casting. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Because of the complementary nature of base-pairing between nucleic acid polymers, a double-stranded DNA molecule will be composed of two strands with sequences that are reverse complements of each other. To help molecular biologists specifically identify each strand individually, the two strands are usually differenti... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RNA polymerase III performs "intrinsic-like" termination. The majority of genes transcribed by RNAP III have a poly(dT) region. However, although poly(dT) pauses every RNA polymerase, it alone cannot be insufficient; some other mechanism must destablize the clamp. In RNAP III, some poly(dT) sites are indeed occationall... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organisms survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of an organisms genes are essential. In bacteria, an estimated 250–400 genes are essential for ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 2018 road transport used 49% of petroleum, aviation 8%, and uses other than energy 17%. Electric vehicles are the main alternative for road transport and biojet for aviation. Single-use plastics have a high carbon footprint and may pollute the sea, but as of 2022 the best alternatives are unclear. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A homogeneous electrocatalyst is one that is present in the same phase of matter as the reactants, for example, a water-soluble coordination complex catalyzing an electrochemical conversion in solution. This technology is not practiced commercially, but is of research interest. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. This technique - which is often used in connection with in vitro fertilization (IVF) - may be used in humans or in other animals, in which situations... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many definitions that describe a specific conformer (IUPAC Gold Book) exist, developed by William Klyne and Vladimir Prelog, constituting their Klyne–Prelog system of nomenclature:
* a torsion angle of ±60° is called gauche
* a torsion angle between 0° and ±90° is called syn (s)
* a torsion angle between ±90° and 180°... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
AOAC Research Institute (AOAC RI) Performance Tested Methods program develops, improves, and validates proprietary kit-based food safety testing methods. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Metabolic pathways require tight regulation so that the proper compounds get produced in the proper amounts. Often, the first committed step is regulated by processes such as feedback inhibition and activation. Such regulation ensures that pathway intermediates do not accumulate, a situation that can be wasteful or eve... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The term calcareous can be applied to a sediment, sedimentary rock, or soil type which is formed from, or contains a high proportion of, calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragonite. | 9 | Geochemistry |
A chemical glycosylation reaction involves the coupling of a glycosyl donor, to a glycosyl acceptor forming a glycoside. If both the donor and acceptor are sugars, then the product is an oligosaccharide. The reaction requires activation with a suitable activating reagent. The reactions often result in a mixture of ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), eating food or drinking water contaminated with high levels of coal-tar creosote may cause a burning in the mouth and throat, and stomach pains. ATSDR also states that brief direct contact with large amounts of coal-tar creosote may result in a ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Retinal (also known as retinaldehyde) is a polyene chromophore. Retinal, bound to proteins called opsins, is the chemical basis of visual phototransduction, the light-detection stage of visual perception (vision).
Some microorganisms use retinal to convert light into metabolic energy. In fact, a recent study suggests m... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The phosphatome of an organism is the set of phosphatase genes in its genome. Phosphatases are enzymes that catalyze the removal of phosphate from biomolecules. Over half of all cellular proteins are modified by phosphorylation which typically controls their functions. Protein phosphorylation is controlled by the oppo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*BAT1 aka DDX39B
*HNRPD Homo sapiens heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (AU-rich element RNA
*HNRPK Homo sapiens heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRPK), transcript
*PABPN1 poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1
*SRSF3 splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich | 1 | Biochemistry |
Christopher Bruce Murray is the Richard Perry University Professor of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a Fellow of the Materials Research Society. He was a Clarivate Citation Laureate in 2020. He is known for hi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Many cells produce specific carbohydrate-binding proteins known as lectins, which mediate cell adhesion with oligosaccharides. Selectins, a family of lectins, mediate certain cell–cell adhesion processes, including those of leukocytes to endothelial cells. In an immune response, endothelial cells can express certain se... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Phenol extraction is a laboratory technique that purifies nucleic acid samples using a phenol solution. Phenol is common reagent in extraction because its properties allow for effective nucleic acid extraction, particularly as it strongly denatures proteins, it is a nucleic acid preservative, and it is immiscible in wa... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chemical analysis typically involves sampling some part of the environment and using lab equipment to figure out how much of a certain target compound exists. Chemical analysis may be used to assess pollution levels for remediation, or to make sure groundwater is safe for drinking.
Biological surveys typically includes... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
LEAPER (Leveraging endogenous ADAR for programmable editing of RNA) is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which RNA can be edited. The technique relies on engineered strands of RNA to recruit native ADAR enzymes to swap out different compounds in RNA. Developed by researchers at Peking University i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The transduction of the signal through the membrane by the receptor is not completely understood. It is known that in the inactive state, the GPCR is bound to a heterotrimeric G protein complex. Binding of an agonist to the GPCR results in a conformational change in the receptor that is transmitted to the bound G subun... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Fluoroalkenes polymerize more exothermically than normal alkenes. Unsaturated fluorocarbons have a driving force towards sp hybridization due to the electronegative fluorine atoms seeking a greater share of bonding electrons with reduced s character in orbitals. The most famous member of this class is tetrafluoroethyle... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Compared to seagrass beds and coral reefs, hypoxia is more common on a regular basis in mangrove ecosystems, though ocean deoxygenation is compounding the negative effects by anthropogenic nutrient inputs and land use modification.
Like seagrass, mangrove trees transport oxygen to roots of rhizomes, reduce sulfide conc... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Lacking any other plausible explanation, the anomalous excess heat produced during such electrolysis was attributed by Pons and Fleischmann to cold fusion. Later, it was discovered that such excess heat can easily be the product of conventional chemistry, i.e. internal recombination of hydrogen and oxygen. Such recombi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
According to the analysis by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the resting state of the FeMo cofactor has a spin state of S=3/2. Upon one-electron reduction, the cofactor becomes EPR silent. Understanding the process in which an electron is transferred in the protein adduct shows a more precise kinetic mode... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
TopFIND is the Termini oriented protein Function Inferred Database (TopFIND) is an integrated knowledgebase focused on protein termini, their formation by proteases and functional implications. It contains information about the processing and the processing state of proteins and functional implications thereof derived ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Spatiotemporal gene expression is the activation of genes within specific tissues of an organism at specific times during development. Gene activation patterns vary widely in complexity. Some are straightforward and static, such as the pattern of tubulin, which is expressed in all cells at all times in life. Some, on t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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