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All ETS (Erythroblast Transformation Specific) family members are identified through a highly conserved DNA binding domain, the ETS domain, which is a winged helix-turn-helix structure that binds to DNA sites with a central GGA(A/T) DNA sequence. As well as DNA-binding functions, evidence suggests that the ETS domain i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The molecule can only exist in an excited state. The different excited electronic states are represented by symbols for the outer electron nLΓ with n the principal quantum number, L is the electronic angular momentum, and Γ is the electronic symmetry selected from the D group. Extra bracketed symbols can be attached sh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A durable plaster intermediate is often used as a stage toward the production of a bronze sculpture or as a pointing guide for the creation of a carved stone. With the completion of a plaster, the work is more durable (if stored indoors) than a clay original which must be kept moist to avoid cracking. With the low cost... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neurotransmitter release can be measured by determining the amplitude of the postsynaptic potential after triggering an action potential in the presynaptic neuron. Measuring neurotransmitter release this way can be problematic because the effect of the postsynaptic neuron to the same amount of released neurotransmitte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lichenometry is a technique used to determine the age of exposed rock surfaces based on the size of lichen thalli. Introduced by Beschel in the 1950s, the technique has found many applications. it is used in archaeology, palaeontology, and geomorphology. It uses the presumed regular but slow rate of lichen growth to de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
George Charles de Hevesy (born György Bischitz; ; ; 1 August 1885 – 5 July 1966) was a Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate, recognized in 1943 for his key role in the development of radioactive tracers to study chemical processes such as in the metabolism of animals. He also co-discovered the e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anti-Scl-70 antibodies are linked to scleroderma. The sensitivity of the antibodies for scleroderma is approximately 34%, but is higher for cases with diffuse cutaneous involvement (40%), and lower for limited cutaneous involvement (10%). The specificity of the antibodies is 98% and 99.6% in other rheumatic diseases an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using multi-spectral imaging it is possible to read illegible papyrus, such as the burned papyri of the Villa of the Papyri or of Oxyrhynchus, or the Archimedes palimpsest. The technique involves taking pictures of the illegible document using different filters in the infrared or ultraviolet range, finely tuned to capt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxygen fugacities during metamorphism extend to higher values than those in magmatic environments, because of the more oxidizing compositions inherited from some sedimentary rocks. Nearly pure hematite is present in some metamorphosed banded iron formations. In contrast, native nickel-iron is present in some serpentin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Human as well murine STAT4 genes lie next to STAT1 gene locus suggesting that the genes arose by gene duplication. STAT proteins have six functional domains: 1. N-terminal interaction domain – crucial for dimerization of inactive STATs and nuclear translocation; 2.helical coiled coil domain – association with regulat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Platyhelminthes (flatworms) and Nematoda (roundworms).
Code 14 differs from code 9 (the echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code) only by translating UAA to Tyr rather than STOP. A study in 2000 has found no evidence that the codon UAA codes for Tyr in the flatworms but other opinions exist. There are very few Ge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The compound is prepared by the addition of ammonium salts to solutions of vanadate ions, generated by dissolution of VO in basic aqueous solutions, such as hot sodium carbonate. The compound precipitates as a colourless solid. This precipitation step can be slow.
The compound adopts a polymeric structure consisting o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is possible to synthesize COFs using both dynamic covalent and non-covalent chemistry. The kinetic approach involves a stepwise process of polymerizing pre-assembled 2D-monomer while thermodynamic control exploits reversible covalent chemistry to allow simultaneous monomer assembly and polymerization. Under thermody... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Quantum information science developed in the latter decades of the 20th century, beginning with theoretical results like Holevos theorem, the concept of generalized measurements or POVMs, the proposal of quantum key distribution by Bennett and Brassard, and Shors algorithm. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, an ate complex is a salt formed by the reaction of a Lewis acid with a Lewis base whereby the central atom (from the Lewis acid) increases its valence and gains a negative formal charge. (In this definition, the meaning of valence is equivalent to coordination number).
Often in chemical nomenclature the t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A redox titration is a type of titration based on a redox reaction between the analyte and titrant. It may involve the use of a redox indicator and/or a potentiometer. A common example of a redox titration is treating a solution of iodine with a reducing agent to produce iodide using a starch indicator to help detect ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Exogenous retroviruses are infectious RNA- or DNA-containing viruses that are transmitted from one organism to another. In the Baltimore classification system, which groups viruses together based on their manner of messenger RNA synthesis, they are classified into two groups: Group VI: single-stranded RNA viruses with ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Oddo–Harkins rule holds that an element with an even atomic number is more abundant than the elements with immediately adjacent atomic numbers. For example, carbon, with atomic number 6, is more abundant than boron (5) and nitrogen (7). Generally, the relative abundance of an even atomic numbered element is roughly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PbSnSe/PbSrSe quantum well materials, which can be grown by MBE on silicon substrates, have been proposed for low cost TPV device fabrication. These IV-VI semiconductor materials can have bandgaps between 0.3 and 0.6 eV. Their symmetric band structure and lack of valence band degeneracy result in low Auger recombinati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a single solute solution, the (molality based) osmotic coefficient and the solute activity coefficient are related to the excess Gibbs free energy by the relations:
and there is thus a differential relationship between them (temperature and pressure held constant): | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The flow area of each caisson should be maximised. This can be achieved by:
* Ensuring the greatest possible distance between the caisson walls, with steel diagonals providing sufficient torsional stiffness.
* Designing the bottom of the caissons to be as thin as possible.
* Incorporating ballast spaces within the supe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DC slice imaging is a developed version of traditional velocity map imaging technique which was developed in Suits group. In DC slicing, the ion cloud is allowed to expand by a weaker field in the ionization region. By this the arrival time is expanded to several hundred ns. By a fast transistor switch, one is able to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the anomeric effect is a general explanation for this type of stabilization for a molecule, the type and amount of stabilization can be affected by the substituents being examined as well as the solvent being studied. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Reststrahlen effect is used to investigate the properties of semiconductors, it is also used in geophysics and meteorology. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On-line Questions are being uploaded again after the Summer School. All students-even the directly connected ones-have to take this test to become the final representatives. Second grade students in the high school take this test. This test is counted 20 percent when KCS chooses the final representatives of South Korea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the vicarious nucleophilic substitution is a special type of nucleophilic aromatic substitution in which a nucleophile replaces a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring and not leaving groups such as halogen substituents which are ordinarily encountered in SAr. This reaction type was reviewed in 1987 ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Extrusion is executed by mixing the powder with liquid, additives, or dispersants and then compressing the mixture and forcing it through a die. The product is then dried and broken down to the desired particle size. Extruded powders are dense. Extrusion is typically used for ingredients such as minerals and highly-h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The use of progesterone tests in dog breeding to pinpoint ovulation is becoming more widely used. There are several tests available but the most reliable test is a blood test with blood drawn by a veterinarian and sent to a lab for processing. Results can usually be obtained with 24 to 72 hours. The rationale for us... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The commercialization of passive daytime radiative cooling technologies is in an early stage of development.
SkyCool Systems, founded by Aaswath P. Raman, who authored the scientific breakthrough study demonstrating the use of photonic metamaterials in making PDRC possible, is a startup that is commercializing radiativ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For what concern the Samburu-Buffalo Springs, five weeks after the rainy season had started, the grass became rich in nutrients and the females were most likely to conceive, giving birth 22 months later, just in time for another rainy season to provide nutrients to the grass they would have eaten: the cycle could resta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sodium trifluoroacetate as a reagent for trifluoromethylations was introduced by Matsui in 1981. In the original scope the substrate was an aromatic halide and the metal salt copper(I)iodide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Multiple bacterial strains have been metabolically engineered to increase the individual yields of end products formed by mixed acid fermentation. For instance, strains for the increased production of ethanol, lactate, succinate and acetate have been developed due to the usefulness of these products in biotechnology. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In low-dimensional systems, for example in dye-solution filled optical microcavities with a distance between the resonator mirrors in the wavelength range where the situation becomes two-dimensional, also photon gases with tunable chemical potential can been realized. Such a photon gas in many respects behaves like a g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Founded in 2003 and formerly headquartered in East Norriton Township, Pennsylvania before moving to Winston-Salem, North Carolina in 2012, Tengion went public in 2010, after its stock has been approved for listing on the NASDAQ, through a $26 million IPO to help advance its research and development activities. Some of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Schiff bases have been investigated in relation to a wide range of contexts, including antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer activity. They have also been considered for the inhibition of amyloid-β aggregation.
Schiff bases are common enzymatic intermediates where an amine, such as the terminal group of a lysine resi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Retinoic acids tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid) and isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) are prescription topical medications used to treat moderate to severe cystic acne and acne not responsive to other treatments. These are usually applied as a skin cream to the face after cleansing to remove make-up and skin oils.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Current U.S. assay offices include the following:
* The Philadelphia Mint – 1792 to date
* The Denver Mint – 1862 to date. It served as an assay office until 1906, when coinage operations began.
* The San Francisco Mint – 1852 to date. Coinage operations were suspended in March 1955, but the plant continued to operate ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
India receives about 4,000 cubic kilometers of rain annually, or about 1 million gallons of fresh water per person every year. However, the precipitation pattern in India varies dramatically across distance and over calendar months. Much of the precipitation in India, about 85%, is received during summer months through... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur natura... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In positive plant-insect interactions, GLVs are used as a form of defense. They attract predators to plants that are being preyed upon by herbivores.
For example, female parasitoid wasps from two different families, Microplitis croceipes and Netelia heroica, can be attracted to plants that are emitting GLVs due to wou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Engineering professions emerge when new technologies, new problems or new opportunities arise. This was the case when safety engineering grew in the early 1900s to combat the high workplace injury and fatality rates. In the 1960s, Environmental engineering emerged as a discipline to reduce industrial pollution and miti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Contract research organizations (CROs) provide services to the life science industries along product development. There are more than 2000 CROs operating worldwide, representing revenues of more than $20 billion. One distinguishes between "Product" and "Patient" CROs. Whereas the production sites of CMOs are multipurpo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although less commonly used, activation energy also applies to nuclear reactions and various other physical phenomena. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The brief existence of an mRNA molecule begins with transcription, and ultimately ends in degradation. During its life, an mRNA molecule may also be processed, edited, and transported prior to translation. Eukaryotic mRNA molecules often require extensive processing and transport, while prokaryotic mRNA molecules do no... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a half reaction (or half-cell reaction) is either the oxidation or reduction reaction component of a redox reaction. A half reaction is obtained by considering the change in oxidation states of individual substances involved in the redox reaction.
Often, the concept of half reactions is used to describe w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In open channel flows, introduced first the ratio of the flow velocity to the square root of the gravity acceleration times the flow depth. When the ratio was less than unity, the flow behaved like a fluvial motion (i.e., subcritical flow), and like a torrential flow motion when the ratio was greater than unity.
Quan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Homosynaptic plasticity (or also homotropic modulation) is a change in the synaptic strength that results from the history of activity at a particular synapse. This can result from changes in presynaptic calcium as well as feedback onto presynaptic receptors, i.e. a form of autocrine signaling. Homosynaptic plasticity... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is prepared in the laboratory by disproportionation of phosphorous acid:
Alternative methods are the hydrolysis of tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine, or of metal phosphides such as aluminium phosphide, or calcium phosphide:
Pure samples of phosphine, free from , may be prepared using the action of potassium hydroxide on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The backbone and side-chain dihedral angles of protein and RNA have been shown to have specific combinations of angles which are allowed (or forbidden). For protein backbone dihedrals (φ, ψ), this has been addressed by the legendary Ramachandran Plot while for side-chain dihedrals (χ's), one should refer to the Dunbrac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most species have a negligible vapour pressure at such low temperatures, and this means that they quickly condense on the sides of the apparatus. Essentially, the CRESU technique provides a "wall-less flow tube", which allows the kinetics of gas-phase reactions to be investigated at much lower temperatures than otherwi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Operando spectroscopy is a class of methodology, rather than a specific spectroscopic technique such as FTIR or NMR. Operando spectroscopy is a logical technological progression in in situ studies. Catalyst scientists would ideally like to have a "motion picture" of each catalytic cycle, whereby the precise bond-making... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MG (pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one) is a heterocyclic compound which is a by-product of base excision repair (BER) of a specific type of DNA adduct called MdG. The MdG adduct in turn is formed by a condensation reaction between guanosine nucleotides in DNA and either malondialdehyde (propanedial) or acrolein. If not ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Robert Howard Crabtree studied at Brighton College (1959–1966), and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Oxford where he was a student at New College, Oxford in 1970, studying under Malcolm Green. He received his PhD from the University of Sussex in 1973, supervised by Joseph Chatt. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Continuing and expanding the tradition of the University of Athens within the subject, starting from Zervas of Bergmann-Zervas carbobenzoxy method fame, Photaki initially worked on further refinement of suitable protecting groups for oligopeptide synthesis. She investigated with Zervas new types of protection such as N... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In polymer chemistry photo-oxidation (sometimes: oxidative photodegradation) is the degradation of a polymer surface due to the combined action of light and oxygen. It is the most significant factor in the weathering of plastics. Photo-oxidation causes the polymer chains to break (chain scission), resulting in the mate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the particles in the suspension are not neutrally buoyant, then the additional effect of settling also takes place. Pudasaini (2011) used the above constitutive relations to establish a scaling law for the sedimentation time. It is found analytically that the macro-viscous fluid settles much faster than the grain-in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Progesterone plays a role in early human sexual differentiation. Placental progesterone is the feedstock for the 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) produced via the backdoor pathway found operating in multiple non-gonadal tissues of the fetus, whereas deficiencies in this pathway lead to undervirilization of the male fetus, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sedimentary records are influenced by local topography and oceanic and atmospheric currents. Proxies of global climatic significance are, however, less ambiguous in paleotemperature interpretation. Marine biota have offered by far the most proxies for paleotemperature, of which the microfossils, because of their widesp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some bacteria, the enzyme is regulated at the transcriptional level. It has been demonstrated that the gene for SCS (sucCD) is transcribed along with the gene for α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (sucAB) under the control of a promoter called sdhC, which is part of the succinate dehydrogenase operon. This operon is u... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Desymmetrization in stereochemistry is the modification of a molecule that results in the loss of one or more symmetry elements. A common application of this class of reactions involves the introduction of chirality. Formally, such conversions required the loss of an improper axis of rotation (mirror plane, center of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because the fluorescent secondary molecule is applied after capture of the free receptor from solution (Figure 2) the binding constants measured using a kinetic exclusion assay are for unmodified molecules in solution and thus more accurately reflects endogenous binding interactions than methods requiring modification ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A tablet (also known as a pill) is a pharmaceutical oral dosage form (oral solid dosage, or OSD) or solid unit dosage form. Tablets may be defined as the solid unit dosage form of medication with suitable excipients. It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, that are pressed or... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The grand potential is related to the number of particles at finite temperature in the following way
where the derivative is taken at fixed temperature and volume, and it appears
also known as the Fermi–Dirac distribution.
Similarly, the total internal energy is | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The inversion of ammonia was first detected by microwave spectroscopy in 1934.
In one study the inversion in an aziridine was slowed by a factor of 50 by placing the nitrogen atom in the vicinity of a phenolic alcohol group compared to the oxidized hydroquinone.
The system interconverts by oxidation by oxygen and reduc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The excited nitrogen deexcites primarily by emission of a photon, with emission lines in ultraviolet, visible, and infrared band:
:N → N + hν
The blue light observed is produced primarily by this process. The spectrum is dominated by lines of single-ionized nitrogen, with presence of neutral nitrogen lines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hexamethylenetetramine or hexamine is also used as a food additive as a preservative (INS number 239). It is approved for usage for this purpose in the EU, where it is listed under E number E239, however it is not approved in the USA, Russia, Australia, or New Zealand. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Precipitation in hydrometallurgy involves the chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions, either of metals and their compounds or of the contaminants. Precipitation will proceed when, through reagent addition, evaporation, pH change or temperature manipulation, the amount of a species present in the solution exceeds... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: New Experimental and Methodology Approaches and Applications in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Medicine, Appl. Magn. Reson., 2008. 34(3–4)
* High field dynamic nuclear polarization – the renaissance, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010. 12(22) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemical and biological defense, activated carbon is impregnated with DABCO for use in filters for masks, collective protection systems, and the like. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
;Homoblasty: Characteristic in which a plant has small changes in leaf size, shape, and growth habit between juvenile and adult stages, in contrast to;
;Heteroblasty: Characteristic in which a plant has marked changes in leaf size, shape, and growth habit between juvenile and adult stages. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The fundamental pharmacophore for all adrenergic agonists is a substituted phenethylamine which increases the duration of action. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gunpowder is the first explosive to have been developed. Popularly listed as one of the "Four Great Inventions" of China, it was invented during the late Tang dynasty (9th century) while the earliest recorded chemical formula for gunpowder dates to the Song dynasty (11th century). Knowledge of gunpowder spread rapidly ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If a compound has more than one chiral stereocenter, each center is denoted by either R or S. For example, ephedrine exists in (1R,2S) and (1S,2R) stereoisomers, which are distinct mirror-image forms of each other, making them enantiomers. This compound also exists as the two enantiomers written (1R,2R) and (1S,2S), wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two-dimensional diffraction images of a fine synchrotron beam interacting with the specimen are recorded in time frames, such that reflections stemming from individual crystallites of the polycrystalline material can be distinguished. Data treatment is undertaken in a way that diffraction rings are straightened and pre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin) is the form of hemoglobin without the bound oxygen. The absorption spectra of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin differ. The oxyhemoglobin has significantly lower absorption of the 660 nm wavelength than deoxyhemoglobin, while at 940 nm its absorption is slightly higher. This di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://outfalls.ifh.uni-karlsruhe.de/links.htm IWA Committee on Marine Outfall Systems]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100206083658/http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsaca/i/fulltext/alternai/alternai.pdf Salas, Henry J.:Submarine outfalls a viable alternative for sewage discharge of coastal cities in Latin America and t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Industrial nitric acid production uses the Ostwald process. The combined Ostwald and Haber processes are extremely efficient, requiring only air and natural gas feedstocks.
The Ostwald process' technical innovation is the proper conditions under which anhydrous ammonia burns to nitric oxide (NO) instead of dinitroge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A colloidal crystal is an ordered array of colloidal particles and fine grained materials analogous to a standard crystal whose repeating subunits are atoms or molecules. A natural example of this phenomenon can be found in the gem opal, where spheres of silica assume a close-packed locally periodic structure under mod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Canadian Harold Harvey was among the first to research a "dead" lake. In 1971, he and R. J. Beamish published a report, "Acidification of the La Cloche Mountain Lakes", documenting the gradual deterioration of fish stocks in 60 lakes in Killarney Park in Ontario, which they had been studying systematically since 1966.
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Improperly folded metal proteins, for example, CCS or Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) present in brain, blood or other clinical samples, are indicative of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Active CCS or SOD molecules contribute to intracellular homeostati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to reclassification as UN0508, a class 1.3C explosive, hydroxybenzotriazole and its monohydrate crystal are no longer allowed to be transported by sea or air as per 49CFR (USDOT hazardous materials regulations). However, UNECE draft proposal ECE/TRANS/WP.15/AC.1/HAR/2009/1 has been circulated to UN delegates and, i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Beletskaya is known for her foundational contributions to organometallic chemistry and as one of the first prominent female chemists. Her work helped pave the way for women in Russia to participate in the scientific community. Her pioneering role in organometallic synthesis has laid an essential foundation for future o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Reichstein process in chemistry is a combined chemical and microbial method for the production of ascorbic acid from D-glucose that takes place in several steps. This process was devised by Nobel Prize winner Tadeusz Reichstein and his colleagues in 1933 while working in the laboratory of the ETH in Zürich. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An alternate stable form, if it exists, may appear at pressures of at least 50 GPa and temperatures of at least 1,500 K; it has been thought to have an orthorhombic or a double hcp structure. , recent and ongoing experiments are being conducted on high-pressure and superdense carbon allotropes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because the only form of known life is that on Earth, the search for biosignatures is heavily influenced by the products that life produces on Earth. However, life that is different than life on Earth may still produce biosignatures that are detectable by humans, even though nothing is known about their specific biolog... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The history of process simulation is related to the development of the computer science and of computer hardware and programming languages. Early implementations of partial aspects of chemical processes were introduced in the 1970s when suitable hardware and software (here mainly the programming languages FORTRAN and C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a gas or liquid, sound consists of compression waves. In solids, waves propagate as two different types. A longitudinal wave is associated with compression and decompression in the direction of travel, and is the same process in gases and liquids, with an analogous compression-type wave in solids. Only compression w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Symbiotic fermentation is a form of fermentation in which multiple organisms (yeasts, acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and others) interact in symbiosis in order to produce the desired product. For example, a yeast may produce ethanol, which is then consumed by an acetic acid bacterium. Described early on as ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If an ion contains unpaired electrons, it is called a radical ion. Just like uncharged radicals, radical ions are very reactive. Polyatomic ions containing oxygen, such as carbonate and sulfate, are called oxyanions. Molecular ions that contain at least one carbon to hydrogen bond are called organic ions. If the charge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The synthesis of three kinds of "jeewanu" have been reported; two of them were organic, and the other was inorganic. Other similar inorganic structures have also been produced. The investigating scientist (V. O. Kalinenko) referred to them as "bio-like structures" and "artificial cells". Formed in distilled water (as w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For an Authority Having Jurisdiction, combustibility is defined by the local code. In the National Building Code of Canada, it is defined as follows:
*Combustible: A material that fails to meet acceptance criteria of [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003193651/http://www.ulc.ca/About_ulc/Publication_Notice_Detail.asp?P... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A disk mounted on a sphere is “wobbled” about an axis by the fluid flow and each rotation represents a finite amount of fluid transferred.
A nutating disc flow meter has a round disc mounted on a spindle in a cylindrical chamber. By tracking the movements of the spindle, the flow meter determines the number of times th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In aquatic environments, oxygen saturation is a ratio of the concentration of "dissolved oxygen" (DO, O), to the maximum amount of oxygen that will dissolve in that water body, at the temperature and pressure which constitute stable equilibrium conditions. Well-aerated water (such as a fast-moving stream) without oxyge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The intensity as a function of the path length difference (also denoted as retardation) in the interferometer and wavenumber is
where is the spectrum to be determined. Note that it is not necessary for to be modulated by the sample before the interferometer. In fact, most FTIR spectrometers place the sample afte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A nanoparticle sizer, also known as a nanoparticle analyzer, is a device used to measure the size, size distribution, and concentration of nanoparticles in a sample. The size of nanoparticles is typically in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm), and they are much smaller than the particles that can be measured with co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Faulds worked as a postdoctoral researcher for on the detection of DNA using surface-enhanced resonant Raman spectroscopy (SERRS). She became increasingly interested in the use of analytical chemistry to improve people's lives. Faulds was appointed as a lecturer in 2006.
Faulds was promoted to Reader in 2012 and Profe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The great oxygenation event began with the biologically induced appearance of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere about 2.45 billion years ago. The rise of oxygen levels due to cyanobacterial photosynthesis in ancient microenvironments was probably highly toxic to the surrounding biota. Under these conditions, the selecti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monoclonal antibodies for research applications can be found directly from antibody suppliers, or through use of a specialist search engine like CiteAb. Below are examples of clinically important monoclonal antibodies. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MesoHABSIM builds upon pre-existing physical habitat simulation models (e.g. PHABSIM) which is an essential component of the United States government's methods for establishing minimum stream flow requirements.
MesoHABSIM is an augmentation of this system, designed during a restoration study of the Quinebaug River. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eudistomin U is a β-carboline derivative. The structure of this molecule is made up of a β-carboline with an aromatic indole at the 1 position, thus also functioning as an indole. Eudistomin C is also a cytotoxic molecule, and its cytotoxicity have been shown to affect certain cancer cell line and human pathogens. A re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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