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FSL Kode constructs have been used for research and development, diagnostic products, and are currently being investigated as potential therapeutic agents. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ampicillin is in the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics and is part of the aminopenicillin family. It is roughly equivalent to amoxicillin in terms of activity. Ampicillin is able to penetrate gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. It differs from penicillin G, or benzylpenicillin, only by the presence... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Applying the S&S technology platform in modern clinical genomics research hasadvance diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.
In the modern era of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, S&S is applied in clinical practice extensively. Clinicians and molecular diagnostic laboratories apply S&S using various comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If a mixture of gases is being considered, and each gas has its own (attraction between molecules) and (volume occupied by molecules) values, then and for the mixture can be calculated as
: = total number of moles of gas present,
: for each , = number of moles of gas present, and
: or
: or
and the rule o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For an introduction to the theory of electron diffraction, see part 2 of Williams and Carter's Transmission Electron Microscopy text
While it is clear that precession reduces many of the dynamical diffraction effects that plague other forms of electron diffraction, the resulting patterns cannot be considered purely kin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Similar to the CD V-715, the CD V-720 is a fixed-position ionization chamber survey meter. Unlike any other survey meter, however, this unit has a movable beta shield on the bottom of the unit for detecting high levels of beta radiation. When slid to the open position, beta particles are allowed to directly penetrate t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a chemical structural formula, an organic substituent such as methyl, ethyl, or aryl can be written as R (or R, R, etc.) It is a generic placeholder, the R derived from radical or rest, which may replace any portion of the formula as the author finds convenient. The first to use this symbol was Charles Frédéric Gerh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemical thermodynamics, the reaction quotient (Q or just Q) is a dimensionless quantity that provides a measurement of the relative amounts of products and reactants present in a reaction mixture for a reaction with well-defined overall stoichiometry at a particular point in time. Mathematically, it is defined as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The position of equilibrium in both cyclic and acyclic systems may be predicted from the structures of the two equilibrating epoxides. In acyclic systems, these rules have been established:
* Greater substitution on the epoxide ring is favored.
* Among disubstituted epoxides, trans isomers are favored over cis isomers.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Forests are generally carbon dioxide sinks when they are high in diversity, density or area. However, they can also be carbon sources if diversity, density or area decreases due to deforestation, selective logging, climate change, wildfires or diseases. One study in 2020 found that 32 tracked Brazilian non-Amazon seaso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Traumatic brain injury is defined as a “direct physical impact or trauma to
the head followed by a dynamic series of injury and repair events”. Recently, neuroproteomics have been applied to studying the disability that over 5.4 million Americans live with. In addition to physically injuring the brain tissue, traumat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A differential refractometer (DRI), or refractive index detector (RI or RID) is a detector that measures the refractive index of an analyte relative to the solvent. They are often used as detectors for high-performance liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. They are considered to be universal detect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Green rust compounds were identified in green corrosion crusts that form on iron and steel surfaces, in alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions, by water containing anions such as chloride, sulfate, carbonate, or bicarbonate. They are believed to be intermediates in the oxidative corrosion of iron to form iron(II... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnesium is essential as part of the process that generates adenosine triphosphate.
Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell" because their primary role is generating energy for cellular processes. They achieve this by breaking down nutrients, primarily glucose, through a series of chemical r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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According to Claude Louis Berthollet, "What has long been called fixed, or fixible air, being really an acid in the state of gas, has of late received several new denominations. It has been called aerial acid, as existing very readily in the state of air, or more properly of gas, and plentifully in the atmosphe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The cycle comprises three enzyme-catalysed reactions. The first stage is the deamination of the purine nucleotide adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to form inosine monophosphate (IMP), catalysed by the enzyme AMP deaminase:
:AMP + HO + H → IMP + NH
The second stage is the formation of adenylosuccinate from IMP and the amin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Removal of a halogen atom from an organohalide generates a radical. Such reactions are difficult to achieve and, when they can be achieved, these processes often lead to complicated mixtures. When a pair of halides are mutually adjacent (vicinal), their removal is favored. Such reactions give alkenes in the case of v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Tishchenko reaction is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide. The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alkoxides are effective catalysts for the reaction.
In the related Cannizzaro ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. AFPs bind to small ice crystals to inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice that would oth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As mentioned above the E and C parameters are obtained from enthalpies of adduct formation in which the bond between the acid and base is a σ interaction and adducts that have no steric repulsion between the acid and base.
As a result, E and C parameters can be used to glean information about pi bonding. When pi bondi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An active ingredient is any ingredient that provides biologically active or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease or to affect the structure or any function of the body of humans or animals.
The similar terms active pharmaceutical ingredient (abbreviated as API) and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bhaskar Dattatraya Kulkarni (5 May 1949 – 14 January 2019), popularly known as B. D. among his friends and colleagues, was an Indian chemical reaction engineer and a Distinguished Scientist of Chemical Engineering and Process Development at the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune. An INSA Senior Scientist and a J.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Even remote substituents on the benzene ring can affect the electron density on the aromatic ring and in turn influence the selectivity. In the hydrogenation of ketones using CBS catalysts, the ketone coordinates to the boron atom with the lone pair on the oxygen atom. In the following example, the inductive influence ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Early thermonuclear weapon designs such as the Joe-4, the Soviet "Layer Cake" ("Sloika", ), used large amounts of fusion to induce fission in the uranium-238 atoms that make up depleted uranium. These weapons had a fissile core surrounded by a layer of lithium-6 deuteride, in turn surrounded by a layer of depleted uran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In condensed phases (solutions), adsorption to a solid surface is a competitive process between the solvent (A) and the solute (B) to occupy the binding site. The thermodynamic equilibrium is described as
: Solvent (bound) + Solute (free) ↔ Solvent (free) + Solute (bound).
If we designate the solvent by the subscript "... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An expression cassette is a distinct component of vector DNA consisting of a gene and regulatory sequence to be expressed by a transfected cell. In each successful transformation, the expression cassette directs the cell's machinery to make RNA and protein(s). Some expression cassettes are designed for modular cloning... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
scRNA-Seq is becoming widely used across biological disciplines including Development, Neurology, Oncology, Autoimmune disease, and Infectious disease.
scRNA-Seq has provided considerable insight into the development of embryos and organisms, including the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, and the regenerative planarian Sch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another type of innovative neutron generator is the inertial electrostatic confinement fusion device. This neutron generator avoids using a solid target which will be sputter eroded causing metalization of insulating surfaces. Depletion of the reactant gas within the solid target is also avoided. Far greater operation... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diisopinocampheylborane is an organoborane that is useful for asymmetric synthesis. This colourless solid is the precursor to a range of related reagents. The compound was reported in 1961 by Zweifel and Brown in a pioneering demonstration of asymmetric synthesis using boranes. The reagent is mainly used for the synthe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The rate of a reaction is the concentration of substrate disappearing (or product produced) per unit time (mol L s).
The % purity is 100% × (specific activity of enzyme sample / specific activity of pure enzyme). The impure sample has lower specific activity because some of the mass is not actually enzyme. If the speci... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The second approach (the constraint method), chooses one of the objective functions as the single objective, and the other objective functions are treated as constraints with a limited value. However, the optimal solution depends on the pre-defined constraint limits. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A pyrophosphate ion with Tc adheres to calcium deposits in damaged heart muscle, making it useful to gauge damage after a heart attack. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Survivin is known to be expressed during fetal development and across most tumour cell types, but is rarely present in normal, non-malignant adult cells. Tamm et al. showed that survivin was expressed in all 60 different human tumour lines used in the National Cancer Institute's cancer drug-screening program, with the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1972, Atalla filed for a remote PIN verification system, which utilized encryption techniques to assure telephone link security while entering personal ID information, which would be transmitted as encrypted data over telecommunications networks to a remote location for verification. This was a precursor to telepho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rare-earth complexes incorporating TRISOX ligands have been found to be highly effective catalysts for the polymerisation of α-alkenes and are notable for producing polyolefins with very high tacticities. Computational modelling of the polymerisation mechanism indicates that kinetic factors likely account for the high ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Volumetric method was used in the early days of adsorption studies by Langmuir, Dubinin and others. It basically comprises a gas expansion process from a storage vessel (reference cell) to an adsorption chamber including adsorbent (adsorption cell) through a controlling valve C, as schematically shown in Figure 1. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In medieval universities there were, however, expressions of atomism. For example, in the 14th century Nicholas of Autrecourt considered that matter, space, and time were all made up of indivisible atoms, points, and instants and that all generation and corruption took place by the rearrangement of material atoms. The ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The activity of SINEs however has genetic vestiges which do not seem to play a significant role, positive or negative, and manifest themselves in the genome as pseudogenes. SINEs however should not be mistaken as RNA pseudogenes. In general, pseudogenes are generated when processed mRNAs of protein-coding genes are re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In production engineering, metallurgy is concerned with the production of metallic components for use in consumer or engineering products. This involves production of alloys, shaping, heat treatment and surface treatment of product. The task of the metallurgist is to achieve balance between material properties, such as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to the very small electrical fields produced by neurons, mathematical models are often used in order to test a number of manipulations. Cable theory is one of the most important mathematical equations in neuroscience. It calculates electric current using capacitance and resistance as variables and has been the main... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spectroscopic notation provides a way to specify atomic ionization states, atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The book is divided into three basic sections, named Momentum Transport, Energy Transport and Mass Transport:
*Momentum Transport
**Viscosity and the Mechanisms of Momentum Transport
**Momentum Balances and Velocity Distributions in Laminar Flow
**The Equations of Change for Isothermal Systems
**Velocity Distributions... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plastic pipe is a tubular section, or hollow cylinder, made of plastic. It is usually, but not necessarily, of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow—liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders and masses of small solids. It can also be used for structural applications; hollow pipes a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Van 't Hoff isotherm can be used to determine the temperature dependence of the Gibbs free energy of reaction for non-standard state reactions at a constant temperature:
where is the Gibbs free energy of reaction under non-standard states at temperature , is the Gibbs free energy for the reaction at , is the ext... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Merv Oasis had been extensively explored in 1904 by an American team; however, the reports published were of a preliminary nature. During the period 1940–50, the Asian Republics started establishing archaeological institutions in their respective countries. Among them, the South Turkmenistan Complex Archaeological... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The method of continued fractions is a method developed specifically for solution of integral equations of quantum scattering theory like Lippmann–Schwinger equation or Faddeev equations. It was invented by Horáček and Sasakawa in 1983. The goal of the method is to solve the integral equation
iteratively and to constr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For discrete probability distributions and defined on the same sample space, the relative entropy from to is defined to be
which is equivalent to
In other words, it is the expectation of the logarithmic difference between the probabilities and , where the expectation is taken using the probabilities .
Relative en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rates of reaction can be affected by the size of rings. Essentially each reaction should be studied on a case-by-case basis but some general trends have been seen. Molecular mechanics calculations of strain energy differences SI between a sp2 and sp3 state in cycloalkanes show linear correlations with rates ( as logk... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The turtapede (Mawup in Navi) is a Pandoran creature that resembles a cross between a turtle, a platypus and a starfish. With its large dorsal fin and long tail, the turtapede is agile underwater. When emerging from the water, mesmerizing colors start to shimmer in the translucent area on its shell. They first appear i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A mononuclidic element or monotopic element is one of the 21 chemical elements that is found naturally on Earth essentially as a single nuclide (which may, or may not, be a stable nuclide). This single nuclide will have a characteristic atomic mass. Thus, the element's natural isotopic abundance is dominated by one iso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Pathway Interaction Database (PID) is a free biomedical database of human cellular signaling pathways. The database contains information about the molecular interactions and reactions that take place in cells, with a particular focus on processes that might be relevant to cancer research and treatment. The database... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter along with liquid, gas, and plasma. The molecules in a solid are closely packed together and contain the least amount of kinetic energy. A solid is characterized by structural rigidity (as in rigid bodies) and resistance to a force applied to the surface. Unlike a l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Station ALOHA is a deep water (~4,800 m) location approximately 100 km north of the Hawaiian Island of Oahu. Thus, the region is far enough from land to be free of coastal ocean dynamics and terrestrial inputs, but close enough to a major port (Honolulu) to make relatively short duration (less than five days) near-mon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zeba was married to Toufiq M Seraj, a Bangladeshi businessman who was the founder and managing director of Sheltech. They have two daughters. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) updated Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for minerals in 2001. For manganese there was not sufficient information to set EARs and RDAs, so needs are described as estimates for Adequate Intakes (AIs). As for safety, the IOM sets Tolerabl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Chézy Formula is a semi-empirical resistance equation which estimates mean flow velocity in open channel conduits. The relationship was conceptualized and developed in 1768 by French physicist and engineer Antoine de Chézy (1718–1798) while designing Pariss water canal system. Chézy discovered a similarity paramete... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In heat balance calorimetry, the cooling/heating jacket controls the temperature of the process. Heat is measured by monitoring the heat gained or lost by the heat transfer fluid.
where
: = process heating (or cooling) power (W)
: = mass flow of heat transfer fluid (kg/s)
: = specific heat of heat transfer fluid (J/... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The history of mediaeval medicine started roughly around the year 1000 with the school of medicine in Salerno, which combined elements of Latin, Greek, Arabic, and Jewish medicine. Galen and Dioscorides (who had used the Graeco-Roman weight system) were among the most important authorities, but also Arabic physicians, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2-(Morpholinothio)benzothiazole is used as an accelerator/stabilizer for vulcanization, or the manufacture of rubber products. It is the precursor to NMOR in the vulcanization process, as it is nitrosated by ambient sources of the nitro group present in the manufacturing process. As such, workers and others exposed to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrous oxides are inorganic compounds of a metal, hydroxide, and weakly bound water. Some examples include:
* Hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)
* Hydrous cupric oxide
* Hydrous thorium oxide (THO) and hydrous titanium oxide (TiHO)
* Hydrous aluminum oxide (HAO)
Some of them, such as HFO and HAO, are precipitated in highly p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transamination is mediated by several types of aminotransferase enzymes. An aminotransferase may be specific for an individual amino acid, or it may be able to process any member of a group of similar ones, for example the branched-chain amino acids, which comprises valine, isoleucine, and leucine. The two common type... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sucrose esters are mainly manufactured by using interesterification, the transfer of fatty acid from one ester to another. In this case, it means that the fatty acids used for the synthesis of sucrose esters are themselves in the esterified form. There are three processes that have been developed. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a type of wastewater treatment process that was first invented by Professor Hallvard Ødegaard at Norwegian University of Science and Technology in the late 1980s. The process takes place in an aeration tank with plastic carriers that a biofilm can grow on. The compact size and cheap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Despite current understanding of 3′-UTRs, they are still relative mysteries. Since mRNAs usually contain several overlapping control elements, it is often difficult to specify the identity and function of each 3′-UTR element, let alone the regulatory factors that may bind at these sites. Additionally, each 3′-UTR conta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The far-eastern blot is for the detection of lipid-linked oligosaccharides. High-performance thin-layer chromatography is first used to separate the lipids by physical and chemical characteristics, then transferred to a blotting matrix before the oligosaccharides are detected by a specific binding protein (i.e. antibo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It was determined that each Chapter would have its own Council, the overall activities being determined by the Governing Board, on which each Council was represented, and an executive committee. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfidic (or euxinic) conditions, which exist today in many water bodies from ponds to various land-surrounded mediterranean seas such as the Black Sea, were particularly prevalent in the Cretaceous Atlantic but also characterised other parts of the world ocean. In an ice-free sea of these supposed super-greenhouse wor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Throughout this section, the reduced Planck constant for convenience.
The product operator formalism is usually applied to sets of spin-1/2 particles, since the fact that the individual operators satisfy , where is the identity operator, makes the commutation relations of product operators particularly simple. In pri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The leuco form of malachite green was first prepared by Hermann Fischer in 1877 by condensing benzaldehyde and dimethylaniline in the molecular ratio 1:2 in the presence of sulfuric acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On the basis of experimental and computational studies, the stabilization arising from an agostic interaction is estimated to be 10–15 kcal/mol. Recent calculations using compliance constants point to a weaker stabilisation (<10 kcal/mol). Thus, agostic interactions are stronger than most hydrogen bonds. Agostic bonds ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following manufacturers have been involved in the development, design and planning of waste gas purification systems for a wide range of industries: Global manufacture of turnkey systems.
* American Fabrication and Supply, LLC | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the targets of CK2 are predominantly nucleus-based the protein itself is localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Casein kinase 2 activity has been reported to be activated following Wnt signaling pathway activation. A Pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein and Dishevelled appear to be an intermediary between... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The asymptotic behavior of the central region can be investigated by taking the limit . From the figure, it can be observed that the density falls to zero very rapidly behind the shock wave. The entire mass of the gas which was initially spread out uniformly in a sphere of radius is now contained in a thin layer behin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In addition to books, technical reports, and conferences proceedings, WEF publishes the peer-reviewed journal, Water Environment Research, and the magazine, Water Environment Technology. WEF sponsors local and national speciality meetings, as well as the world's largest annual water conference: WEFTEC - Water Environme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The final STQ-77/FET framework classifies temperament traits and their neurochemical biomarkers into 12 components: nine components regulating the formal functional aspects of behaviour (energetic, dynamic and orientational) each assessed in three domains (intellectual, physical and social-verbal); also three component... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polymer-protein hybrids are a class of nanostructure composed of protein-polymer conjugates (i.e. complexes composed of one protein attached to one or more polymer chains). The protein component generally gives the advantages of biocompatibility and biodegradability, as many proteins are produced naturally by the body ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in the absence of body force, and in two spatial dimensions, are given by
The first of the above equation represents the continuity equation and the other two represent the momentum equations. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
T cell - T-cell antigen receptors - tachykinin - tachykinin receptor - talin protein - tandem repeat sequence - taste bud - TATA box - tax gene product - taxonomy - telophase - tertiary structure - tetrodotoxin - thermochemistry - thermometer - thiamin - thioredoxin - threonine - thrombin - thrombin receptor - thrombom... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A nonsense mutation in one gene of an operon prevents the translation of subsequent genes in the unit. This effect is called mutational polarity. A common cause is the absence of the mRNA corresponding to the subsequent (distal) parts of the unit. Suppose that there are Rho-dependent terminators within the transcriptio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dichroic glass has one or several coatings in the nanometer-range (for example metals, metal oxides, or nitrides) which give the glass dichroic optical properties. Also the blue appearance of some automobile windshields is caused by dichroism. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SIN3B has been shown to interact with HDAC1, Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16, SUDS3 and IKZF1. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antibodies coating paramagnetic beads will bind to antigens present on the surface of cells thus capturing the cells and facilitate the concentration of these bead-attached cells. The concentration process is created by a magnet placed on the side of the test tube bringing the beads to it.
MACS systems (Magnetic Cell S... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Whenever there is a balance between a bulk elastic energy contribution and a surface energy term, surface stresses can be important. Surface contributions are more important at small sizes, so surface stress effects are often important at the nanoscale. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mediator is a multiprotein complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator. The Mediator complex is required for the successful transcription of nearly all class II gene promoters in yeast. It works in the same manner in mammals.
The mediator functions as a coactivator and binds to the C-terminal domain (CTD) o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the final synthetic steps (scheme 8) the amide tail 62 was added to ABCD ring 52 in an esterification catalysed by o,o'-di(2-pyridyl) thiocarbonate (DPTC) and DMAP forming ester 63. The Bn protecting group was removed by hydrogenation using palladium hydroxide on carbon (64) and finally the TES group was removed by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Screening tools for the development of new cancer therapies are in high demand worldwide and often require the determination of enzyme kinetics. The high sensitivity of lanthanide luminescence, particularly of time-resolved luminescence has revealed to be an ideal candidate for this purpose. There are several ways of c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The oil and gas industry uses media filters for various purposes in both upstream and downstream operations. Nut shell filters are commonly used as a tertiary oil removal step for treatment of produced water. Sand filters are often used to remove fine solids following biological treatment and clarification of oil refin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term ramogen refers to a biological factor, typically a growth factor or other protein, that causes a developing biological cell or tissue to branch in a tree-like manner. Ramogenic molecules are branch promoting molecules found throughout the human body,.
Brief History
The term was first coined (from the Latin ra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In June 2023, astronomers detected, for the first time outside the Solar System, methyl cation, CH (and/or carbon cation, C), the known basic ingredients of life, in interstellar space. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The major ARCHER subsystem components include:
* advanced hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system with a resolution of one square meter per pixel.
* panchromatic high-resolution imaging (HRI) camera with a resolution of per pixel.
* global positioning system (GPS) integrated with an inertial navigation system (INS) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The CTCF insulator appears to have enhancer blocking activity via its 3D structure and have no direct connection with barrier activity. Vertebrates in particular appear to rely heavily on the CTCF insulator, however there are many different insulator sequences identified. Insulated neighborhoods formed by physical int... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxalosuccinic acid is a substrate of the citric acid cycle. It is acted upon by isocitrate dehydrogenase. Salts and esters of oxalosuccinic acid are known as oxalosuccinates.
Oxalosuccinic acid/oxalosuccinate is an unstable 6-carbon intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It's a keto acid, formed during the oxid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) are found in many bacteriophages but originated in bacterial cells. AMGs modulate host cell metabolism during infection so that the phage can replicate more efficiently. For instance, bacteriophages that infect the abundant marine cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus (cyanoph... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spatial particle-based methods differ from the methods described above by their explicit representation of space.
One example of a particle-based simulator that allows for a representation of cellular compartments is SRSim. SRSim is integrated in the LAMMPS molecular dynamics simulator and allows the user to specify th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oncometabolites are metabolites whose abundance increases markedly in cancer cells through loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in specific enzymes involved in their production, the accumulation of these endogenous metabolites initiates or sustains tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer cells rely on aerobic gly... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Butanol can be made from algae or diatoms using only a solar powered biorefinery. This fuel has an energy density 10% less than gasoline, and greater than that of either ethanol or methanol. In most gasoline engines, butanol can be used in place of gasoline with no modifications. In several tests, butanol consumption i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Precession electron diffraction is typically conducted using accelerating voltages between 100-400 kV. Patterns can be formed under parallel or convergent beam conditions. Most modern TEMs can achieve a tilt angle, φ, ranging from 0-3°. Precession frequencies can be varied from Hz to kHz, but in standard cases 60 Hz ha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The stereochemical outcome of a glycosylation reaction may in certain cases be affected by the type of protecting group employed at position 2 of the glycosyl donor. A participating group, typically one with a carboxyl group present, will predominantly result in the formation of a β-glycoside. Whereas a non-participa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deprotonation of enolizable ketones, aromatic alcohols, aldehydes, and esters gives enolates. With strong bases, the deprotonation is quantitative. Typically enolates are generated from using lithium diisopropylamide (LDA).
Often, as in conventional Claisen condensations, Mannich reactions, and aldol condensations, e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteriophage derived proteins are used for detection and removal of bacteria and bacterial components (especially endotoxin contaminations) in pharmaceutical and biological products, human diagnostics, food, and decolonization of bacteria causing nosocomial infections (e.g. MRSA).
Protein modifications allow the biot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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