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In special relativity, an observer moving with uniform proper acceleration through Minkowski spacetime is conveniently described with Rindler coordinates, which are related to the standard (Cartesian) Minkowski coordinates by
The line element in Rindler coordinates, i.e. Rindler space is
where , and where is related ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PCLake is a dynamic, mathematical model used to study eutrophication effects in shallow lakes and ponds. PCLake models explicitly the most important biotic groups and their interrelations, within the general framework of nutrient cycles. PCLake is used both by scientist and water managers. PCLake is in 2019 extended to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Together with H.G. Moseley, Rutherford developed the atomic numbering system in 1913. Rutherford and Moseley's experiments used cathode rays to bombard various elements with streams of electrons and observed that each element responded in a consistent and distinct manner. Their research was the first to assert that eac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1957, Ronald Breslow proposed that a relatively stable nucleophilic carbene, a thiazol-2-ylidene derivative of vitamin B (thiamine), was the catalyst involved in the benzoin condensation that yields furoin from furfural.
In this cycle, the vitamin's thiazolium ring exchanges a hydrogen atom (attached to carbon 2 of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biological scaffolds can be created from human donor tissue or from animals; however, animal tissue is often more popular since it is more widely accessible and more plentiful. Xenograft, from a donor of a different species from the recipient, heart valves can be from either pigs, cows, or sheep. If either human or ani... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In viscous fluid dynamics, the Archimedes number (Ar), is a dimensionless number used to determine the motion of fluids due to density differences, named after the ancient Greek scientist and mathematician Archimedes.
It is the ratio of gravitational forces to viscous forces and has the form:
where:
* is the local ex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sigma hole interactions exhibit a strong preference for linearity. Theoretical studies have shown that the interaction is most stabilizing when the negative site is colinear with the bond that gives rise to the sigma hole. As the angle between this bond and the sigma hole interaction is decreased, the strength of the i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One famous intercalation host is graphite, which intercalates potassium as a guest. Intercalation expands the van der Waals gap between sheets, which requires energy. Usually this energy is supplied by charge transfer between the guest and the host solid, i.e., redox. Two potassium graphite compounds are KC and KC. Car... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Earth, as a system, is open to radiation from the sun and space, but is practically closed with regard to matter. As all closed systems, it follows the law of conservation of mass which states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed, thus, the matter, although transformed and migrated, remains the same as when ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lyngbyastatins 1 and 3 are cytotoxic cyclic depsipeptides that possess antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. These compounds, first isolated from the extract of a Lyngbya majuscula/Schizothrix calcicola assemblage and from L. majuscula Harvey ex Gomont (Oscillatoriaceae) strains, respectively, tar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Gottfried Münzenberg: "Stigmatisch fokussierendes Teilchenspektrometer mit Massen- und Energiedispersion", Ph.D. thesis, Giessen, 1971 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many important chemical compounds are derived from benzene by replacing one or more of its hydrogen atoms with another functional group. Examples of simple benzene derivatives are phenol, toluene, and aniline, abbreviated PhOH, PhMe, and PhNH, respectively. Linking benzene rings gives biphenyl, CH–CH. Further loss of h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNP was first realized using the concept of the Overhauser effect, which is the perturbation of nuclear spin level populations observed in metals and free radicals when electron spin transitions are saturated by microwave irradiation. This effect relies on stochastic interactions between an electron and a nucleus. The ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All bioluminescent bacteria share a common gene sequence: the lux operon characterized by the luxCDABE gene organization. LuxAB codes for luciferase while luxCDE codes for a fatty-acid reductase complex that is responsible for synthesizing aldehydes for the bioluminescent reaction. Despite this common gene organizatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Multidisciplinary observations are still needed in the deep water column to properly understand the biological pump:
* Physics: stratification affects particle sinking; understanding the origin of the particles and the residence time of the DIC from particle remineralization in the deep ocean requires measurement of ad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2004, separate civil suits alleging illegal marketing of citalopram and escitalopram for use by children and teenagers by Forest were initiated by two whistleblowers: a physician named Joseph Piacentile and a Forest salesman named Christopher Gobble. In February 2009, the suits were joined. Eleven states and the Dis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All RiPPs are synthesized first at the ribosome as a precursor peptide. This peptide consists of a core peptide segment which is typically preceded (and occasionally followed) by a leader peptide segment and is typically ~20-110 residues long. The leader peptide is usually important for enabling enzymatic processing of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium and potassium nitrates are commonly used as fertilizers. As they are also strong oxidizers, they enter pyrotechnic compositions and the manufacturing of explosives.
Eutectic mixtures of alkali metal nitrates are used as molten salts. For example, a 40:7:53 mixture of NaNO: NaNO:KNO melts at 142 °C and is stable... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first reported method of methylation analysis using bisulfite-treated DNA utilized PCR and standard dideoxynucleotide DNA sequencing to directly determine the nucleotides resistant to bisulfite conversion. Primers are designed to be strand-specific as well as bisulfite-specific (i.e., primers containing non-CpG cy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Prix Wilder-Penfield is an award by the government of Quebec that is part of the Prix du Québec, which "goes to scientists whose research aims fall within the field of biomedicine. These fields include the medical sciences, the natural sciences, and engineering". It is named in honour of Wilder Penfield. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several methods termed natural cycle IVF:
* IVF using no drugs for ovarian hyperstimulation, while drugs for ovulation suppression may still be used.
* IVF using ovarian hyperstimulation, including gonadotropins, but with a GnRH antagonist protocol so that the cycle initiates from natural mechanisms.
* Frozen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phlorizin consists of glucose moiety and two aromatic rings (aglycone moiety) joined by an alkyl spacer. Initially, phlorizin was isolated for treatment of fever and infectious diseases, particularly malaria. According to Michael Nauck and his partners, studies were made in the 1950s on phlorizin that showed that it co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphopantetheine, also known as 4'-phosphopantetheine, is a prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACPs of polyketide synthases, the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP), as well as aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetase... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The three Laves phases are intermetallic compounds composed of CN12 and CN16 polyhedra with AB stoichiometry, commonly seen in binary metal systems like MgZn. Due to the small solubility of AB structures, Laves phases are almost line compounds, though sometimes they can have a wide homogeneity region. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reagent removes pairs of H atoms from organic molecules. The stoichiometry of its action is illustrated by the conversion of tetralin to naphthalene:
:2 CCl(CN)O + CH → 2 CCl(CN)(OH) + CH
The resulting hydroquinone is poorly soluble in typical reaction solvents (dioxane, benzene, alkanes), which facilitates workup... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stereochemistry is conveniently denoted in skeletal formulae:
The relevant chemical bonds can be depicted in several ways:
* Solid lines represent bonds in the plane of the paper or screen.
* Solid wedges represent bonds that point out of the plane of the paper or screen, towards the observer.
* Hashed wedges or dashed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCOHost, Gale Database of Publications & Broadcast Media, and Scopus. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organometallic chemistry, acetylide refers to chemical compounds with the chemical formulas and , where M is a metal. The term is used loosely and can refer to substituted acetylides having the general structure (where R is an organic side chain). Acetylides are reagents in organic synthesis. The calcium acetyli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Foldit attempts to apply the human brain's three-dimensional pattern matching and spatial reasoning abilities to help solve the problem of protein structure prediction. 2016 puzzles are based on well-understood proteins. By analysing how humans intuitively approach these puzzles, researchers hope to improve the algorit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From 1974 to 2010 Denmark required premarket approval of microbial food cultures. The positive list of microbial food cultures is available on the website of the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration.
In 2010, the regulation changed. Approval is no longer needed but a notification should be made to the Veterinary a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The composition of the solar system is similar to that of many other stars, and aside from small anomalies it can be assumed to have formed from a solar nebula that had a uniform composition, and the composition of the Suns photosphere is similar to that of the rest of the Solar System. The composition of the photosphe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is useful to recognize that the only states within ~ of the Fermi level contribute significantly to the entropy. Other states are either fully occupied, , or completely unoccupied, . In either case, these states do not contribute to the entropy. If one assumes that the density of states is constant within of the Fe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plate-type fuel has fallen out of favor over the years. Plate-type fuel is commonly composed of enriched uranium sandwiched between metal cladding. Plate-type fuel is used in several research reactors where a high neutron flux is desired, for uses such as material irradiation studies or isotope production, without the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphinooxazolines are used as ligands in allylic substitution reactions as both enantio- and regioselectivity is required to give an enantiomerically pure product due to the transition state being highly symmetric. In the example below all additions are enantioselective however the symmetric complex has no regiocontr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The dry distillation of calcium acetate to give acetone was reported by Charles Friedel in 1858 and until World War I ketonization was the premier commercial method for its production.
Ketonic decarboxylation of propanoic acid over a manganese(II) oxide catalyst in a tube furnace affords 3-pentanone. Of commercial int... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A system of vibrations in a crystalline solid lattice can be modeled as an Einstein solid, i.e. by considering N quantum harmonic oscillator potentials along each degree of freedom. Then, the free energy of the system can be written as
where the index α sums over all the degrees of freedom. In the 1907 Einstein m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://www.jove.com/video/3532/synthesis-of-nine-atom-deltahedral-zintl-ions-of-germanium-and-their-functionalization-with-organic-groups Video of preparation of KGe (subscription required)] | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymer melts exhibit different deformation mechanisms when subjected to shear or tensile stresses. For example, a polymer melt’s ductility can increase when a stimulus, such as light, causes fragmentation of the polymer chains through bond breaking. This process is known as chain scission. In the low temperature regim... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Emerin is a 29.0 kDa (34 kDa observed MW) protein composed of 254 amino acids. Emerin is a serine-rich protein with an N-terminal 20-amino acid hydrophobic region that is flanked by charged residues; the hydrophobic region may be important for anchoring the protein to the membrane, with the charged terminal tails being... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Administration of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) during anesthesia can facilitate endotracheal intubation. This can decrease the incidence of postintubation hoarseness and airway injury.
Short-acting neuromuscular blocking agents are chosen for endotracheal intubation for short procedures (< 30minutes), and neuro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This enzyme is often listed in medical literature under incorrect name "creatinine kinase". Creatinine is not a substrate or a product of the enzyme. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Labourers working in the smelting industry have reported respiratory illnesses inhibiting their ability to perform the physical tasks demanded by their jobs. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A typical dialysis procedure for protein samples is as follows:
# Prepare the membrane according to instructions
# Load the sample into dialysis tubing, cassette or device
# Place sample into an external chamber of dialysis buffer (with gentle stirring of the buffer)
# Dialyze for 2 hours (at room temperature or 4 °C)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nonsense mutations include stop-gain and start-loss. Stop-gain is a mutation that results in a premature termination codon (a stop was gained), which signals the end of translation. This interruption causes the protein to be abnormally shortened. The number of amino acids lost mediates the impact on the proteins funct... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2013 Biotechnology Heritage Award, from the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) and the Chemical Heritage Foundation
*2004 Winthrop-Sears Medal, from the Chemical Heritage Foundation and The Chemists' Club, with Alexander Zaffaroni
*2001 Condecoracion Eduardo Liceaga, Mexican highest award for contributions to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unable to pursue his career, Schwab emigrated from Nazi Germany to Greece in 1939, He and Elly married in Athens in the same year. With the connections of his wife, both started research work in the industrial chemistry laboratory of the recently founded Kanellopoulos Institute of Chemistry and Agriculture in Piraeus.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Savannah Pulp and Paper Laboratory (now Herty Advanced Materials Development Center), founded by Charles H. Herty Sr. in 1932
*Commercialization of the Hall-Héroult process for producing aluminum by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company in 1888
*John William Draper and the founding of the American Chemical Society in 1876
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enhanced Atmospheric Methane Oxidation is the concept of enhancing the overall oxidative methane sink in the atmosphere, through generating additional hydroxyl or chlorine atmospheric radicals. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The cyclooctane derivative OCT was the first one developed for Cu-free click chemistry; it had only ring strain to drive the reaction forward, and the kinetics were barely improved over the Staudinger ligation. After OCT and MOFO (monofluorinated cyclooctyne), the difluorinated cyclooctyne (DIFO) was developed. An impr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On July 9, 2007, a purple, hybrid orchid was named Dendrobium Tuanku Zara Salim in honour of her visit to the 7th Ipoh International Orchid Festival.
She is the current Chancellor of the Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), and was proclaimed on 1 January 2012.
She has been awarded an Honorary Fellowship by the In... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Self-heating cans of military food rations developed during WWII used a thermite-like mixture of 1:1 iron(II,III) oxide and calcium silicide. Such mixture, when ignited, generates moderate amount of heat and no gaseous products. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,1-Difluoroethane, or DFE, is an organofluorine compound with the chemical formula CHF. This colorless gas is used as a refrigerant, where it is often listed as R-152a (refrigerant-152a) or HFC-152a (hydrofluorocarbon-152a). It is also used as a propellant for aerosol sprays and in gas duster products. As an alternati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water vapor plays a key role in lightning production in the atmosphere. From cloud physics, usually clouds are the real generators of static charge as found in Earth's atmosphere. The ability of clouds to hold massive amounts of electrical energy is directly related to the amount of water vapor present in the local sys... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ferrara graduated from Syracuse University and State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry with doctorate degree in organic chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He is a nuclear chemist who worked at Los Alamos National Lab for more than 30 years. He established Kiva Labs in Santa Fe where he continues exploration of evidence of his model of cold fusion. Storms is also a Science Advisor to Cold Fusion Now.
Storm's work is listed in the Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. 2013 Report o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a flow in a channel becomes supersonic, one significant change takes place. The conservation of mass flow rate leads one to expect that contracting the flow channel would increase the flow speed (i.e. making the channel narrower results in faster air flow) and at subsonic speeds this holds true. However, once the fl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methylglyoxal is a component of some kinds of honey, including manuka honey; it appears to have activity against E. coli and S. aureus and may help prevent formation of biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa.
Research suggests that methylglyoxal contained in honey does not cause an increased formation of advanced glycation e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In coal-fired power stations, the raw feed coal from the coal storage area is first crushed into small pieces and then conveyed to the coal feed hoppers at the boilers. The coal is next pulverized into a very fine powder. The pulverizers may be ball mills, rotating drum grinders, or other types of grinders.
Some power ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* F: Formylation (optional)
* A: Adenylation (required in a module)
* PCP: Thiolation and peptide carrier protein with attached 4'-phospho-pantetheine (required in a module)
* C: Condensation forming the amide bond (required in a module)
* Cy: Cyclization into thiazoline or oxazolines (optional)
* Ox: Oxidation of thia... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Considering an isothermal flow without mass transfer, the Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes equations (URANS) are:
Where:
* is the phasic volume fraction and it represents the space occupied by the k-phase.
* is the momentum source term. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nitrobenzyl-based PPGs are often considered the most commonly used PPGs. These PPGs are traditionally identified as Norrish Type II reaction as their mechanism was first described by Norrish in 1935. Norrish elucidated that an incident photon (200 nm –10 s. Following resonance of the π-electrons, a five-membered ring i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He is a professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry at the University of Tokyo. He has published extensively on the multicomponent assembly of large coordination cages. Compounds designed and prepared in his research group are variously described as three-dimensional synthetic receptors, coordination assemblies, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
L1 activity has been observed in numerous types of cancers, with particularly extensive insertions found in colorectal and lung cancers. It is currently unclear if these insertions are causes or secondary effects of cancer progression. However, at least two cases have found somatic L1 insertions causative of cancer by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One study conducted by investigators at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill looked into donated sperm utilization within the United States from 1995 to 2017. Cross-sectional studies recorded that an estimated 170,701 individuals during 1995 used donated sperm, while the 2011 to 2013 cohort had a decreased amou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Promoters are important gene regulatory elements used in tuning synthetically designed genetic circuits and metabolic networks. For example, to overexpress an important gene in a network, to yield higher production of target protein, synthetic biologists design promoters to upregulate its expression. Automated algorith... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dicloxacillin is insensitive to beta-lactamase (also known as penicillinase) enzymes secreted by many penicillin-resistant bacteria. The presence of the isoxazolyl group on the side chain of the penicillin nucleus facilitates the β-lactamase resistance, since they are relatively intolerant of side-chain steric hindranc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chemical composition of a mixture can be defined as the distribution of the individual substances that constitute the mixture, called "components". In other words, it is equivalent to quantifying the concentration of each component. Because there are different ways to define the concentration of a component, there ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In science fiction, mutagens are often represented as substances that are capable of completely changing the form of the recipient or granting them superpowers. Powerful radiations are the agents of mutation for the superheroes in Marvel Comicss Fantastic Four, Daredevil, and Hulk, while in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Tur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The stationary convection–diffusion equation describes the steady-state behavior of a convective-diffusive system. In a steady state, , so the equation to solve becomes the second order equation: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Lucas test in alcohols is a test to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. It is based on the difference in reactivity of the three classes of alcohols with hydrogen halides via an S1 reaction:
: tert-BuOH + HCl → tert-BuCl + HO
The differing reactivity reflects the differing ease o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the Earths magnetic field, NMR frequencies are in the audio frequency range, or the very low frequency and ultra low frequency bands of the radio frequency spectrum. Earths field NMR (EFNMR) is typically stimulated by applying a relatively strong dc magnetic field pulse to the sample and, after the end of the pulse,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Partition chromatography was one of the first kinds of chromatography that chemists developed, and is barely used these days. The partition coefficient principle has been applied in paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas phase and liquid–liquid separation applications. The 1952 Nobel Prize in chemistry wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Deborah number (De) is a dimensionless number, often used in rheology to characterize the fluidity of materials under specific flow conditions. It quantifies the observation that given enough time even a solid-like material might flow, or a fluid-like material can act solid when it is deformed rapidly enough. Mater... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Throughout human history, fungi have been utilized as a source of food and harnessed to ferment and preserve foods and beverages. In the 20th century, humans have learned to harness fungi to protect human health (antibiotics, anti-cholesterol statins, and immunosuppressive agents), while industry has utilized fungi for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For an optically thin plasma composed of a single, neutral atomic species in local thermal equilibrium (LTE), the density of photons emitted by a transition from level i to level j is
where :
* is the emission rate density of photons (in m sr s)
* is the number of neutral atoms in the plasma (in m)
* is the transiti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He studied at the University of Kazan where he graduated in mathematics but he started teaching chemistry in 1835. To improve his skills he was asked to study in Europe for some time, which he did between 1838 and 1841. He studied with Justus Liebig in Giessen, where he finished his research on the benzoin condensation... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Based on the principle of counter-current piston flow, these processes are the closest to the blast furnace or, more accurately, the stückofen. Hot reducing gases are obtained from natural gas, in a separate unit from the shaft, and injected at the bottom of the shaft, while the ore is charged at the top. The pre-reduc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The spines of sea urchins are composed of mesocrystals of calcite nano-crystals (92%) in a matrix of non-crystalline calcium carbonate (8%). This structure makes the spines hard but also shock-absorbing, which special property makes them effective defences against predators. Mesocrystals also appear in the shells of so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Eukaryotes belonging to some divergent lineages have very special organizations of the ATP synthase. A euglenozoa ATP synthase forms a dimer with a boomerang-shaped F head like other mitochondrial ATP synthases, but the F subcomplex has many unique subunits. It uses cardiolipin. The inhibitory IF also binds differently... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The relationship between linear momentum and deformable fluid bodies is well explored, as are the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flow. However, exploring the relationships foundational to the Chézy formula can be helpful towards understanding the formula in full.
To understand the Chézy similarity parameter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aliphatic metal alkoxides decompose in water: where R is an organic substituent and L is an unspecified ligand (often an alkoxide). A well-studied case is the irreversible hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide:
By controlling the stoichiometry and steric properties of the alkoxide, such reactions can be arrested leading... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Reactor Materials Laboratory was established at Culcheth in 1950. The UKAEA's Safety and Reliability Directorate (SRD) stayed at Culcheth until 1995. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SPIDR (scaffold protein involved in DNA repair) regulates the stability or assembly of RAD51 and DMC1 on single-stranded DNA. RAD51 and DMC1 are recombinases that act during mammalian meiosis to mediate strand exchange during the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Depending on the arrangement of the three nitrogen atoms in triazol-5-ylidene, there are two possible isomers, namely 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes and 1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidenes.
The triazol-5-ylidenes based on the 1,2,4-triazole ring are pictured below and were first prepared by Enders and coworkers by vacuum pyrolysis thro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Worthy of note is that in 2013, a structural prediction of the Au (SCH) cluster, based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) was confirmed in 2015. This result represents the maturity of this field where calculations are able to guide the experimental work.
The following table features some sizes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The choice of infrared wavelengths used for the measurement largely defines the detector's suitability for a particular applications. Not only must the target gas (or gases) have a suitable absorption spectrum, the wavelengths must lie within a spectral window so the air in the beam path is itself transparent. These wa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One limitation of EPIC-seq is its reliance on prior knowledge of genes associated with specific cancers. The effectiveness of the EPIC-seq model hinges on the availability of comprehensive gene expression profiles for the targeted cancer types. This dependency may restrict its applicability to cancers with well-charact... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The specific heat capacity of LAGP materials with general formula fits into the Maier-Kelley polynomial law in the temperature range from room temperature to 700 °C:
where
: is the absolute temperature,
: are fitting constants.
Typical values are in the range of 0.75 - 1.5 J⋅g⋅K in the temperature interval 25 - 100 °... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Robert Emerson described the eponymous effect in 1957. In his paper he observed that:
# When plants are exposed to light having wavelength greater than 680 nm, then only one photosystem is activated; i.e. PS700 resulting in formation of ATP only.
# When plants are exposed to light having wavelength less than 680 nm, th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diargon or the argon dimer is a molecule containing two argon atoms. Normally, this is only very weakly bound together by van der Waals forces (a van der Waals molecule). However, in an excited state, or ionised state, the two atoms can be more tightly bound together, with significant spectral features. At cryogenic te... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reverse transcriptase creates double-stranded DNA from an RNA template.
In virus species with reverse transcriptase lacking DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, creation of double-stranded DNA can possibly be done by host-encoded DNA polymerase δ, mistaking the viral DNA-RNA for a primer and synthesizing a double-str... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Grain boundary sliding is a plastic deformation mechanism where crystals can slide past each other without friction and without creating significant voids as a result of diffusion. The deformation process associated with this mechanism is referred to as granular flow. The absence of voids results from solid-state diffu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Expansion joints are required in large ducted air systems to allow fixed pieces of piping to be largely free of stress as thermal expansion occurs. Bends in elbows also can accommodate this. Expansion joints also isolate pieces of equipment such as fans from the rigid ductwork, thereby reducing vibration to the ductwor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radiation is produced owing to the spontaneous transition of an excimer molecule from an excited electronic state to the ground state. Excimer and exciplex molecules are not long-living formations. They rapidly decompose, typically within a few nanoseconds, releasing their excitation energy in the form of a UV photon:
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SHIFTCOR is an automated protein chemical shift correction program that uses statistical methods to compare and correct predicted NMR chemical shifts (derived from the 3D structure of the protein) relative to an input set of experimentally measured chemical shifts. SHIFTCOR uses several simple statistical approaches an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Barbara Cannon is a British-Swedish biochemist, physiologist and an academic. She is an emeritus professor at Stockholm University as well as the chairman of the scientific advisory board at The Helmholtz Centre. She is also a consultant at Combigene.
Cannon is most known for her work on mammalian thermogenesis, primar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HDS systems should be sized based on treatment objectives including desired level of pollutant removal, drainage basin characteristics, climate of the region, and particle size to be targeted. Performance is also sensitive to water temperature, i.e. season. Care must be taken to avoid routing excess flow through the de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Fineman-Ross method can be biased towards points at low or high monomer concentration, so Kelen and Tüdős introduced an arbitrary constant,
where and are the highest and lowest values of from the Fineman-Ross method. The data can be plotted in a linear form
where and . Plotting against yields a straight line ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Slow strain rate testing (SSRT), also called constant extension rate tensile testing (CERT), is a popular test used by research scientists to study stress corrosion cracking. It involves a slow (compared to conventional tensile tests) dynamic strain applied at a constant extension rate in the environment of interest. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hexol cation exists as two optical isomers that are mirror images of each other, depending on the arrangement of the bonds between the central cobalt atom and the three bidentate peripheral units [Co(NH)(HO)]. It belongs to the D point group. The nature of chirality can be compared to that of the ferrioxalate anio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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