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Liebig and Wöhler observed in 1832 in an investigation of benzoin resin (benzoic acid) that the compounds almond oil (benzaldehyde), "Benzoestoff" (benzyl alcohol), benzoyl chloride and benzamide all share a common CHO fragment and that these compounds could all be synthesized from almond oil by simple substitutions. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In blood vessels Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor or EDHF is proposed to be a substance and/or electrical signal that is generated or synthesized in and released from the endothelium; its action is to hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscle cells, causing these cells to relax, thus allowing the blood vessel to e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
How much gas is present could be specified by giving the mass instead of the chemical amount of gas. Therefore, an alternative form of the ideal gas law may be useful. The chemical amount, n (in moles), is equal to total mass of the gas (m) (in kilograms) divided by the molar mass, M (in kilograms per mole):
By replaci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The separating funnel relies on the concept of "like dissolves like", which describes the ability of polar solvents to dissolve polar solutes and non-polar solvents to dissolve non-polar solutes. When the separating funnel is agitated, each solute migrates to the solvent (also referred to as "phase") in which it is mor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other techniques for writing data in three-dimensions have also been examined, including:
Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB), which also allows the possibility of spectral multiplexing to increase data density. However, PSHB media currently requires extremely low temperatures to be maintained in order to avoid dat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The original membership fee was very steep for the time: The first subscription fee was set at one guinea, which would be equivalent to nearly £400 today. Four grades of membership were agreed at the time: member, associate, student and honorary, with most appointments made on the basis of a review of their eligibility... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ammonotelism is the excretion of ammonia and ammonium ions. Ammonia (NH) forms with the oxidation of amino groups.(-NH), which are removed from the proteins when they convert into carbohydrates. It is a very toxic substance to tissues and extremely soluble in water. Only one nitrogen atom is removed with it. A lot of w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microscopic simulation methods work directly with the equations of motion (classical or quantum) of the constituent molecules. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a ketene is an organic compound of the form , where R and R' are two arbitrary monovalent chemical groups (or two separate substitution sites in the same molecule). The name may also refer to the specific compound ethenone , the simplest ketene.
Although they are highly useful, most ketenes are un... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At the beginning of the 20th century, the entire Russian industry was in a deep crisis, the consequences of which affected the factories of the Urals until 1909. In 1909, the Ural iron and steel plants smelted 34.7 million tons of iron, which is 30.9% less than in 1900. During the crisis years, the share of finished ir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermomechanical processing is a metallurgical process that combines mechanical or plastic deformation process like compression or forging, rolling, etc. with thermal processes like heat-treatment, water quenching, heating and cooling at various rates into a single process. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A well dispersed colloidal suspension consists of individual, separated particles and is stabilized by repulsive inter-particle forces. When the repulsive forces weaken or become attractive through the addition of a coagulant, particles start to aggregate. Initially, particle doublets A will form from singlets A accord... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NMR signals are usually detected inductively, but the low frequencies of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by samples in a ZULF experiment makes inductive detection impractical at low fields. Hence, the earliest approach for measuring zero-field NMR in solid samples was via field-cycling techniques. The field cycli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Members of the Hedgehog protein family act by binding to a transmembrane "Patched" receptor, which is bound to the "Smoothened" protein, by which the Hedgehog signal can be transduced. In the absence of Hedgehog, the Patched receptor inhibits Smoothened action. Inhibition of Smoothened causes the Cubitus interruptus (C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Type III restriction enzymes (e.g., EcoP15) recognize two separate non-palindromic sequences that are inversely oriented. They cut DNA about 20–30 base pairs after the recognition site. These enzymes contain more than one subunit and require AdoMet and ATP cofactors for their roles in DNA methylation and restriction di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monatomic anions are named as the element modified with an -ide ending. The charge follows in brackets, (optional for 1) e.g.:
* Cl) or chloride
* S)
Some elements take their Latin name as the root e.g
*silver, Ag, argentide
*copper, Cu, cupride
*iron, Fe, ferride
*tin, Sn, stannide
Polyatomic anions of the same elemen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of synthetic oligonucleotides as specific probes for genetic sequence variations was pioneered by R. Bruce Wallace, working at the City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, California. In 1979 Wallace and his coworkers reported the use of ASO probes to detect variations in a single-stranded bacterial viru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rhodopin (1,2-dihydro-ψ,ψ-caroten-1-ol) is a carotenoid. It is a major carotenoid of phototropic bacteria such as Rhodomicrobium vannielii and Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 7050. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Harmful algal bloom in coastal areas are also often referred to as "red tides". The term "red tide" is derived from blooms of any of several species of dinoflagellate, such as Karenia brevis. However, the term is misleading since algal blooms can widely vary in color, and growth of algae is unrelated to the tides. Not... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A hormone response element (HRE) is a short sequence of DNA within the promoter of a gene, that is able to bind to a specific hormone receptor complex and therefore regulate transcription. The sequence is most commonly a pair of inverted repeats separated by three nucleotides, which also indicates that the receptor bin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*[http://www.pharmetrx.de/ PharMetrX: Pharmacometrics & Computational Disease Modelling] (annual call for applications, July - Sept 15th) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To solve for the concentration of all components appearing in any general biochemical reaction as in (), the Michaelis–Menten kinetics for an enzymatic reaction are coupled with the Monod kinetics for biomass dynamics. The most general case is to assume that the enzyme concentration is proportional to the biomass conce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photoionization is the physical process in which an incident photon ejects one or more electrons from an atom, ion or molecule. This is essentially the same process that occurs with the photoelectric effect with metals. In the case of a gas or single atoms, the term photoionization is more common.
The ejected electrons... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions that allows a plant to photosynthesize during the day, but only exchange gases at night. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The US Government uses the Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) standard for flammability ratings, as do many US regulatory agencies, and also the US National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
The ratings are as follows: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the typical porphyrin biosynthesis pathway, four molecules of porphobilinogen are concatenated by carbons 2 and 5 of the pyrrole ring (adjacent to the nitrogen atom) into hydroxymethyl bilane by the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase, also known as hydroxymethylbilane synthase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Galactolysis refers to the catabolism of galactose.
In the liver, galactose is converted through the Leloir pathway to glucose 6-phosphate in the following reactions:
galacto- uridyl phosphogluco-
kinase transferase mutase
gal --------> gal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ferroelectricity is a characteristic of certain materials that have a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field. All ferroelectrics are also piezoelectric and pyroelectric, with the additional property that their natural electrical polarization is reversible... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first version of SMPDB was released on January 1, 2010. This release contained more than 350 image-mapped pathways for small molecule pathways. The viewer interface was limited to scroll-bar image navigation with 3-step (small, medium, large) zooming. The pathways in this first version were limited to 1) human met... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Modafinil was studied for the treatment of stimulant dependence, but the results are mixed and inconclusive. Modafinil is not a controlled substance in some countries, unlike other medications, such as bupropion, which is also used to treat depression and nicotine dependence. The clinical trials that have tested modafi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1960, Atalla and Kahng fabricated the first MOSFET with a gate oxide thickness of 100 nm, along with a gate length of 20µm. In 1962, Atalla and Kahng fabricated a nanolayer-base metal–semiconductor junction (M–S junction) transistor. This device has a metallic layer with nanometric thickness sandwiched between two s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This reaction shows the oxidation of phenol by iron and peroxide. This combination of iron, which comes from iron oxide in the sediment, and the peroxide, commonly released by animals and plants into the environment, is known as the Fenton Reagent. This reagent is used to oxidize phenol groups by the use of a radical h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Luminol is synthesized in a two-step process, beginning with 3-nitrophthalic acid. First, hydrazine (NH) is heated with the 3-nitrophthalic acid in a high-boiling solvent such as triethylene glycol and glycerol. An acyl substitution condensation reaction occurs, with loss of water, forming 3-nitrophthalhydrazide. Re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process of translation is highly regulated in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Regulation of translation can impact the global rate of protein synthesis which is closely coupled to the metabolic and proliferative state of a cell.
To delve deeper into this intricate process, scientists typically use a tech... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Momentum diffusion most commonly refers to the diffusion, or spread of momentum between particles (atoms or molecules) of matter, often in the fluid state.
This transport of momentum can occur in any direction of the fluid flow. Momentum diffusion can be attributed to either external pressure or shear stress or both. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Geopolymerization forms aluminosilicate frameworks that are similar to those of rock-forming minerals. Yet, there are major differences. In 1994, Davidovits presented a theoretical structure for K-poly(sialate-siloxo) (K)-(Si-O-Al-O-Si-O) that was consistent with the NMR spectra. It does not show the presence of water ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mass-difference impurity scattering is given by:
where is a measure of the impurity scattering strength. Note that is dependent of the dispersion curves. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1947 after the Manhattan Project had been dismantled, Lathrop remained on staff at the lab as an associate biochemist as it was renamed Argonne National Laboratory. In 1954, tired of an exhausting commute, Lathrop left Argonne to pursue a career at the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital. It had opened in 1953 on the U... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The secondary structure of nucleic acid molecules can often be uniquely decomposed into stems and loops. The stem-loop structure (also often referred to as an "hairpin"), in which a base-paired helix ends in a short unpaired loop, is extremely common and is a building block for larger structural motifs such as cloverle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Quillin, M. L., Arduini, R. M., Olson, J. S., & Phillips Jr, G. N. (1993). High-resolution crystal structures of distal histidine mutants of sperm whale myoglobin. Journal of molecular biology, 234(1), 140–155.
*Springer, B. A., Sligar, S. G., Olson, J. S., & Phillips, G. N. J. (1994). Mechanisms of ligand recognition... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Position-specific isotopes can be used to trace environmental pollutants through local and global environment. This is specifically useful as heavy isotopes are often used to synthesize chemicals and then will get incorporated into the natural environment through biodegradation. Thus, tracing position-specific isotopes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pure oxygen activated sludge aeration systems are sealed-tank reactor vessels with surface aerator type impellers mounted within the tanks at the oxygen carbon liquor surface interface. The amount of oxygen entrainment, or DO (Dissolved Oxygen), can be controlled by a weir adjusted level control, and a vent gas oxygen ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To derive SUVA, first, UVC light (UV spectrum subtypes) at 254 nm or 280 nm, is measured in units of absorbance per meter of path length, often the sample must be diluted with ultrapure water because absorbance can be high. As increasing dissolved organic carbon concentration increases absorbance in the UV range, the U... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The size and shape of the metal powder has a direct impact on the stability of the precursor as well as the resulting foam. For this purpose, powders that increase packing efficiency are most advantageous. The use of spherical particles may result in less contact of particles which consequently leads to larger secondar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the US, the FDA can audit the files of local site investigators after they have finished participating in a study, to see if they were correctly following study procedures. This audit may be random, or for cause (because the investigator is suspected of fraudulent data). Avoiding an audit is an incentive for investi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
:V09CA01 Technetium (Tc) pentetic acid
:V09CA02 Technetium (Tc) succimer
:V09CA03 Technetium (Tc) mertiatide
:V09CA04 Technetium (Tc) gluceptate
:V09CA05 Technetium (Tc) gluconate
:V09CA06 Technetium (Tc) ethylenedicysteine | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stainless steel is a material which is difficult to solder because of its stable, self-healing surface oxide layer and its low thermal conductivity. A solution of zinc chloride in hydrochloric acid is a common flux for stainless steels; it has however to be thoroughly removed afterwards as it would cause pitting corros... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Polycomb-group (PcG) regulatory complexes are known for their influence in the epigenetic regulation of stem cells,
especially in hematopoietic stem cells. The Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC 1) is directly involved in the process of hematopoiesis, and functions together with, for example, the PcG gene “Bmi1”. S... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because the molecule d-biotin has a much higher affinity to Strep-Tactin than Strep-tag, it can effectively compete for the binding site. Therefore, a MHC multimer based on the interaction of Strep-tag with Strep-Tactin is easily disrupted in the presence of relatively low concentrations of d-biotin. Without the Strep-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sequential walking is a technique that can be used to solve various 2D NMR spectra. In a 2D experiment, cross peaks must be correlated to the correct nuclei. Using sequential walking, the correct nuclei can be assigned to their crosspeaks. The assigned crosspeaks can give valuable information such as spatial interac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mutations in the HNF4A gene have been linked to maturity onset diabetes of the young 1 (MODY1).
This seems to be caused by HNF4-a's [http://jme.endocrinology-journals.org/content/43/1/19.full.pdf] role in the synthesis of SHBG, which is known to be severely diminished in patients with insulin-resistance. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Calculation of reactivity ratios generally involves carrying out several polymerizations at varying monomer ratios. The copolymer composition can be analysed with methods such as Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The polymerizations are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), also known as deoxyadenylic acid or deoxyadenylate in its conjugate acid and conjugate base forms, respectively, is a derivative of the common nucleic acid AMP, or adenosine monophosphate, in which the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2 carbon on the nucleotides pentose has been reduced ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A mandrel is a steel rod or linked ball inserted into the tube while it is being bent to give the tube extra support to reduce wrinkling and breaking the tube during this process. The different types of mandrels are as follows.
* Plug mandrel: a solid rod used on normal bends
* Form mandrel: a solid rod with curved end... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DLS is used to characterize the size of various particles including proteins, polymers, micelles, Protein cages and virus-like particles, vesicles, carbohydrates, nanoparticles, biological cells, and gels. If the system is not disperse in size, the mean effective diameter of the particles can be determined. This measur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The understanding of CHF phenomenon and an accurate prediction of the CHF condition are important for safe and economic design of many heat transfer units including nuclear reactors, fossil fuel boilers, fusion reactors, electronic chips, etc. Therefore, the phenomenon has been investigated extensively over the world s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sedimentation equilibrium experiments reports the molar mass of analytes and their chemical equilibrium constants. The rotor speed is adjusted such that a steady-state concentration profile c(r) of the sample in the cell is formed, where sedimentation and diffusion cancel out each other. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The study of spinor condensates was initiated in 1998 by experimental groups at JILA
and MIT. These experiments utilised
Na and Rb atoms, respectively.
In contrast to most prior experiments on ultracold gases, these experiments utilised a purely
optical trap, which is spin-insensitive. Shortly thereafter, theoretica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An SADP is acquired under parallel electron illumination. In the case of convergent beam, a convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) is achieved. The beam used in SAD is broad illuminating a wide sample area. In order to analyze only a specific sample area, the selected area aperture in the image plane is used. This... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The physical manifestation of leaving group ability is the rate at which a reaction takes place. Good leaving groups give fast reactions. By transition state theory, this implies that reactions involving good leaving groups have low activation barriers leading to relatively stable transition states.
It is helpful to co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paste tailings is a modification to the conventional methods of disposal of tailings (pond storage). Conventional tailings slurries are composed of a low percent of solids and relatively high water content (normally ranging from 20% to 60% solids for most hard rock mining) and when deposited into the tailings pond the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Compared to more commonly encountered states of matter, Bose–Einstein condensates are extremely fragile. The slightest interaction with the external environment can be enough to warm them past the condensation threshold, eliminating their interesting properties and forming a normal gas.
Nevertheless, they have proven u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
John Ulric Nef (Johann Ulrich Nef; June 14, 1862 – August 13, 1915) was a Swiss-born American chemist and the discoverer of the Nef reaction and Nef synthesis. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
bonds adjacent to the carbonyl in ketones are more acidic pK ≈ 20) than the bonds in alkane (pK ≈ 50). This difference reflects resonance stabilization of the enolate ion that is formed upon deprotonation. The relative acidity of the α-hydrogen is important in the enolization reactions of ketones and other carbonyl co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyruvic acid (IUPAC name: 2-oxopropanoic acid, also called acetoic acid) (CHCOCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CHCOCOO, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.
Pyruvic acid can be made from gl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If the SAD is taken from one a or a few single crystals, the diffractogram depicts a regular pattern of bright spots. Since the diffraction pattern can be seen as a two-dimensional projection of reciprocal crystal lattice, the pattern can be used to measure lattice constants, specifically the distances and angles betw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Secondary metabolites are often characterized as either qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative metabolites are defined as toxins that interfere with a herbivore's metabolism, often by blocking specific biochemical reactions. Qualitative chemicals are present in plants in relatively low concentrations (often less than... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2023: Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award (American Chemical Society)
* 2018: University of California, Irvine Physical Science Outstanding Contributions to the Undergraduate Education
* 2017: Fellow of the AAAS
* 2013-2016: Humboldt Fellowship
* 2013: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellowship
* 2008: NSF CAREER... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biology, quorum sensing or quorum signaling (QS) is the ability to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation. Quorum sensing is a type of cellular signaling, and more specifically can be considered a type of paracrine signaling. However, it also contains traits of both autocrine signaling: a c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inertial cavitation can also occur in the presence of an acoustic field. Microscopic gas bubbles that are generally present in a liquid will be forced to oscillate due to an applied acoustic field. If the acoustic intensity is sufficiently high, the bubbles will first grow in size and then rapidly collapse. Hence, iner... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
WDTC1 ("Adipose") is a gene associated with obesity.
WDTC1 is a gene that codes for a protein acting as a suppressor in lipid accumulation. WDTC1 protein consists of seven WD40 domains, three transient receptor potential channel protein-protein interaction domains, DDB1 binding elements, and a prenylated C-terminus. Re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
4-Nitrophenol can be used as a pH indicator. A solution of 4-nitrophenol appears colorless below pH 5.4 and yellow above pH 7.5. This color-changing property makes this compound useful as a pH indicator.
The yellow color of the 4-nitrophenolate form (or 4-nitrophenoxide) is due to a maximum of absorbance at 405 nm (ε... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The daughter of Morris and Etty Mizrahi, she was born in Harare, Zimbabwe and was educated there. Her family is a Sephardi Jewish family from the Greek island of Rhodes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sievert has its origin in the röntgen equivalent man (rem) which was derived from CGS units. The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) promoted a switch to coherent SI units in the 1970s, and announced in 1976 that it planned to formulate a suitable unit for equivalent dose. The ICRP p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mission of EPA is to protect human health and the environment.
EPA works to ensure that:
* Americans have clean air, land and water;
* National efforts to reduce environmental risks are based on the best available scientific information;
* Federal laws protecting human health and the environment are administered an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This is an actual reading obtained from such as an ambient dose gamma monitor, or a personal dosimeter. Such instruments are calibrated using radiation metrology techniques which will trace them to a national radiation standard, and thereby relate them to an operational quantity. The readings of instruments and dosimet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite the cancellation of funding by the DOE, the FutureGen Alliance continued to move forward with the project, opening an office in Mattoon and planning to buy the land for the plant in August 2008, in partnership with a local group.
During the 2008 U.S. presidential campaigns, Sen. Barack Obama pledged his support... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The museum is also home to a large number of old tractors. Two D8 Caterpillars, a D9, a few large 1930s Caterpillars, some Best crawlers and many other examples of tracked tractors can be seen at the museum. The typical tractors such as Farmall, John Deere, Oliver, and Allis-Chalmers can be seen out at the museum, but ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Downregulation refers to the decrease in the number of receptor molecules. This is usually the result of receptor endocytosis. In this process, the bound LCGR-hormone complex binds arrestin and concentrates in clathrin coated pits. Clathrin coated pits recruit dynamin and pinch off from the cell surface, becoming clath... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Its activities are focused on both fundamental objectives in analytical sciences and interactions with the socio-economic environment at local, national and international levels. The Institute has partnerships with international research centers (e.g. MIT, the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, International Age... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fucosylation is the process of adding fucose sugar units to a molecule. It is a type of glycosylation.
It is important clinically, and high levels of fucosylation have been reported in cancer. In cancer and inflammation there are significant changes in the expression of fucosylated molecules. Therefore, antibodies and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kalpasutra mentions nine Ganas and 11 Ganadharas of Mahavira. Bhadrabahu is mentioned as prime Ganadhara of Mahavira. Bhadrabahu's disciple Godasa is mentioned to have founded Godasa Gana. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Christian G. Hartinger (born 1974) is an Austrian-born New Zealand bioinorganic chemist known for his work in metal-based anticancer drugs. In 2022 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bryan Research & Engineering, Inc. (BR&E) is a privately owned provider of software and engineering solutions to the oil, gas, refining and chemical industries. Since the company’s inception in 1974, BR&E has combined research and development in process simulation to provide clients with simulation tools. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reducing agents NADH, NADPH, and FADH, as well as metal ions, act as cofactors at various steps in anabolic pathways. NADH, NADPH, and FADH act as electron carriers, while charged metal ions within enzymes stabilize charged functional groups on substrates. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Durrant has proposed an alternative definition of hypervalency, based on the analysis of atomic charge maps obtained from atoms in molecules theory. This approach defines a parameter called the valence electron equivalent, γ, as “the formal shared electron count at a given atom, obtained by any combination of valid io... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1989 Queen's Birthday Honours, Campbell was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to science. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pancreatic lipase is the most important lipolytic enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract and is essential for fat digestion.
Pancreatic lipase is secreted from acinar cells in the pancreas and its secretion, with the pancreatic juice to the small intestine, is stimulated by hormones. These hormones are induced in the st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neutron emission usually happens from nuclei that are in an excited state, such as the excited O* produced from the beta decay of N. The neutron emission process itself is controlled by the nuclear force and therefore is extremely fast, sometimes referred to as "nearly instantaneous". This process allows unstable atoms... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The surface of any liquid is an interface between that liquid and some other medium. The top surface of a pond, for example, is an interface between the pond water and the air. Surface tension, then, is not a property of the liquid alone, but a property of the liquid's interface with another medium. If a liquid is in a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For species A:
For species B:
:Here the first (positive) term represents the formation of B by the first step , whose rate depends on the initial reactant A. The second (negative) term represents the consumption of B by the second step , whose rate depends on B as the reactant in that step.
For species C: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In combustion, flame stretch () is a quantity which measures the amount of stretch of the flame surface due to curvature and due to the outer velocity field strain. The early concept of flame stretch was introduced by Karlovitz in 1953, although the correct definition was introduced two decades later by Forman A. Willi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sodium fusion extract is boiled with concentrated HNO followed by the addition of AgNO solution which yields a white (AgCl) or yellow (AgBr or AgI) precipitate if halogen is present.</blockquote> | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aerobic metabolism occurs in Bacteria, Archaea and Eucarya. Although most bacterial species are anaerobic, many are facultative or obligate aerobes. The majority of archaeal species live in extreme environments that are often highly anaerobic. There are, however, several cases of aerobic archaea such as Haiobacterium, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Earlier mechanistic proposals for the EPOC phenomenon with solid electrolytes mainly emphasized tuning of the local work function of the surface of conductive catalysts by spilled-over species, which are in-situ generated during electrochemical polarization processes. It has been proposed that the spilled-over species ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Swamee–Jain equation is used to solve directly for the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f for a full-flowing circular pipe. It is an approximation of the implicit Colebrook–White equation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Theodore William Richards (January 31, 1868 – April 2, 1928) was an American physical chemist and the first American scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, earning the award "in recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the chemical elements." | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Launched in the 1940s by the Shirley Institute, the Shirley Togmeter is the standard apparatus for rating thermal resistance of textiles, commonly known as the Tog Test. This apparatus, described in BS 4745:2005, measures a sample of textile, either between two metal plates (for underclothing) or between a metal plate ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
"Blue infrastructure" refers to urban infrastructure relating to water. Blue infrastructure is commonly associated with green infrastructure in urban environments and may be referred to as "blue-green infrastructure" when being viewed in combination. Rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes may exist as natural features withi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To neglect the influences by hydrodynamic instabilities such as Darrieus–Landau instability, Rayleigh–Taylor instability etc., the analysis usually neglects effects due to the thermal expansion of the gas mixture by assuming a constant density model. Such an approximation is referred to as diffusive-thermal approximati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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