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Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) also known as modulator of non-genomic activity of estrogen receptor (MNAR) and transcription factor HMX3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PELP1 gene. is a transcriptional corepressor for nuclear receptors such as glucocorticoid receptors and a co... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In molecular biology, a two-component regulatory system serves as a basic stimulus-response coupling mechanism to allow organisms to sense and respond to changes in many different environmental conditions. Two-component systems typically consist of a membrane-bound histidine kinase that senses a specific environmental ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
During the Song Dynasty, Chinese copper output from domestic mining was in decline and the resulting shortages caused miners to seek alternative methods for extracting copper. The discovery of a new “wet process” for extracting copper from mine water was introduced between the eleventh and twelfth century, which helped... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Model organisms have been used in the study of TCF7L2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Tcf7l2 was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunol... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The converting process occurs in a converter. Two kinds of converters are widely used: horizontal and vertical.
Horizontal (which are an improvement of the ) prevail in the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals. Such a converter is a horizontal barrel lined with refractory material inside. A hood for the purpose of the loa... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As early as 1895 in the UK it was being noted that the heyday of the Bessemer process was over and that the open hearth method predominated. The Iron and Coal Trades Review said that it was "in a semi-moribund condition. Year after year, it has not only ceased to make progress, but it has absolutely declined." It has b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Due to its material properties, Terfenol-D is excellent for use in the manufacturing of low frequency, high powered underwater acoustics. Its initial application was in naval sonar systems. It sees application in magnetomechanical sensors, actuators, and acoustic and ultrasonic transducers due to its high energy densit... | 0 | Metallurgy |
#Curves in the Ellingham diagrams for the formation of metallic oxides are basically straight lines with a positive slope. The slope is proportional to ΔS, which is approximately constant with temperature.
#The lower the position of a metal's line in the Ellingham diagram, the greater is the stability of its oxide. For... | 0 | Metallurgy |
An iron founder (also iron-founder or ironfounder) in its more general sense is a worker in molten ferrous metal, generally working within an iron foundry. However, the term iron founder is usually reserved for the owner or manager of an iron foundry, a person also known in Victorian England as a master. Workers in a f... | 0 | Metallurgy |
During the 1950s, Bernard Katz and Paul Fatt observed spontaneous miniature synaptic currents at the frog neuromuscular junction. Based on these observations, they developed the quantal hypothesis that is the basis for our current understanding of neurotransmitter release as exocytosis and for which Katz received the N... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Steel is an alloy composed of between 0.2 and 2.0 percent carbon, with the balance being iron. From prehistory through the creation of the blast furnace, iron was produced from iron ore as wrought iron, 99.82–100 percent Fe, and the process of making steel involved adding carbon to iron, usually in a serendipitous mann... | 0 | Metallurgy |
From the formation of the Roman Empire, Rome was an almost completely closed economy, not reliant on imports although exotic goods from India and China (such as gems, silk and spices) were highly prized (Shepard 1993). Through the recovery of Roman coins and ingots throughout the ancient world (Hughes 1980), metallurg... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Last but not least prof. E.J.Zoqui has summarized in his work the approach proposed by several researchers in the criteria for semi-solid processing, which involves the stability of the solid phase fs with the temperature; to process semisolid alloys the sensitivity to variation of solid fraction with temperature shoul... | 0 | Metallurgy |
James Marrow was born on 23 November 1966 in Bromborough, Wirral to John Williams Marrow and Mary Elizabeth Marrow. He attended Wirral Grammar School for Boys, then graduated with a 1st Class Honours Master of Arts (M.A) in Natural Sciences (Materials Science) from the University of Cambridge in 1988, where he was a st... | 0 | Metallurgy |
This method relies on the idea that deoxidation of slag will lead to the deoxidation of steel.
The chemical equilibrium equation used for this process is:
where a is the activity of the oxygen in the slag, and a is the activity of oxygen in the steel.
Reducing the activity in the slag (a) will lower the oxygen levels i... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Targeted drug delivery is one of many ways researchers seek to improve drug delivery systems' overall efficacy, safety, and delivery. Within this medical field is a special reversal form of drug delivery called chemotactic drug targeting. By using chemical agents to help guide a drug carrier to a specific location with... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Recrystallization is prevented or significantly slowed by a dispersion of small, closely spaced particles due to Zener pinning on both low- and high-angle grain boundaries. This pressure directly opposes the driving force arising from the dislocation density and will influence both the nucleation and growth kinetics. T... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Enhancer-FACS-seq (eFS), developed by the Bulyk lab at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, is a highly parallel enhancer assay that aims for the identification of active, tissue-specific transcriptional enhancers, in the context of whole Drosophila melanogaster embryos. This technology replaces the... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
As a reference, molten sodium chloride, table salt has a melting point (m.p.) of 801 °C (1474 °F). A variety of eutectic mixtures have been developed with lower melting points: | 0 | Metallurgy |
Deoxidization is a method used in metallurgy to remove the oxygen content during steel manufacturing. In contrast, antioxidants are used for stabilization, such as in the storage of food. Deoxidation is important in the steelmaking process as oxygen is often detrimental to the quality of steel produced. Deoxidizatio... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Genetic evidence suggesting that RNAP was the target of ppGpp came from the discovery that M+ mutants (also called stringent RNAP mutants) display in vitro and in vivo mimicry of physiology and transcription regulation conferred by (p)ppGpp, even in its absence. Cross-linking ppGpp to RNAP reinforced this notion. Struc... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
While the lead ISASMELT 5 t/h pilot plant was being designed in 1982–1983, MIM continued to use the 120 kg/h test rig to develop other processes, including the dross treatment process previously mentioned, and the treatment of lead-acid battery paste for lead recycling.
The MIM Holdings Board of Directors approved the ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
CeCoIn ("Cerium-Cobalt-Indium 5") is a heavy-fermion superconductor with a layered crystal structure, with somewhat two-dimensional electronic transport properties. The critical temperature of 2.3 K is the highest among all of the Ce-based heavy-fermion superconductors. | 0 | Metallurgy |
In many magnetic ferrous alloys, the Curie point, the temperature at which magnetic materials cease to behave magnetically, occurs at nearly the same temperature as the austenite transformation. This behavior is attributed to the paramagnetic nature of austenite, while both martensite and ferrite are strongly ferromagn... | 0 | Metallurgy |
PARP1 is involved in base excision repair (BER), single- and double-strand break repair, and chromosomal stability. It is also involved in transcriptional regulation through its facilitation of protein–protein interactions. PARP1 uses NAD in order to perform its function in apoptosis. If a PARP becomes overactive the c... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Anisomycin, also known as flagecidin, is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseolus which inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis. Partial inhibition of DNA synthesis occurs at anisomycin concentrations that effect 95% inhibition of protein synthesis. Anisomycin can activate stress-activated protein kinases, MAP ki... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Mediator is a multiprotein complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator in all eukaryotes. It was discovered in 1990 in the lab of Roger D. Kornberg, recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Mediator complexes interact with transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. The main function of mediator com... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The period of the iconoclasts synchronised with the reign of the Frankish emperor Charlemagne, whose power was felt throughout western Europe. Some of the craftsmen who were forced to leave Byzantium were welcomed by him in his capitals of Cologne and Aix-la-Chapelle and their influence was also felt in France. Another... | 0 | Metallurgy |
MECP2 duplication syndrome (M2DS) is a rare disease that is characterized by severe intellectual disability and impaired motor function. It is an X-linked genetic disorder caused by the overexpression of MeCP2 protein. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Signal peptides function to prompt a cell to translocate the protein, usually to the cellular membrane. In prokaryotes, signal peptides direct the newly synthesized protein to the SecYEG protein-conducting channel, which is present in the plasma membrane. A homologous system exists in eukaryotes, where the signal pepti... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In eukaryotic somatic cells, the poly(A) tails of most mRNAs in the cytoplasm gradually get shorter, and mRNAs with shorter poly(A) tail are translated less and degraded sooner. However, it can take many hours before an mRNA is degraded. This deadenylation and degradation process can be accelerated by microRNAs complem... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Early diffusion models postulated that atomic motion in substitutional alloys occurs via a direct exchange mechanism, in which atoms migrate by switching positions with atoms on adjacent lattice sites. Such a mechanism implies that the atomic fluxes of two different materials across an interface must be equal, as each... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The reaction of calcium carbide with water, producing acetylene and calcium hydroxide, was discovered by Friedrich Wöhler in 1862.
:CaC(s) + 2HO(l) → CH(g) + Ca(OH)(aq)
This reaction was the basis of the industrial manufacture of acetylene, and is the major industrial use of calcium carbide.
Today acetylene is mainly m... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Transcriptional noise is a primary cause of the variability (noise) in gene expression occurring between cells in isogenic populations (see also cellular noise) . A proposed source of transcriptional noise is transcriptional bursting although other sources of heterogeneity, such as unequal separation of cell contents... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Arner et al. identified 65,423 transcribed enhancers (producing eRNA) among 33 different cell types under different conditions and different timings of stimulation. The transcription of enhancers generally preceded transcription of transcription factors which, in turn, generally preceded messenger RNA(mRNA) transcripti... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
MgCu is a binary intermetallic compound of magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) adopting cubic crystal structure, more specifically the C15 Laves phase. The space group of MgCu is Fdm with lattice parameter a = 7.04 Å. | 0 | Metallurgy |
DNA is extracted from cells used to create test fragments. These test fragments are added to a solution containing a variety of microsphere beads. Each type of microsphere bead contains a known DNA probe with a unique fluorescent identity. Test fragments and probes on the microsphere beads are allowed to hybridize to e... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the field of genomics, GeneCalling is an open-platform mRNA transcriptional profiling technique. The GeneCalling protocol measures levels of cDNA, which are correlated with gene expression levels of specific transcripts. Differences between gene expression in healthy tissues and disease or drug responsive tissues ar... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The American biochemist George Wald and others had outlined the visual cycle by 1958. For his work, Wald won a share of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Granit. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Recent excavations in Middle Ganges Valley conducted by archaeologist Rakesh Tewari show iron working in India may have begun as early as 1800 BCE. Archaeological sites in India, such as Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nala Ka Tila and Lahuradewa in the state of Uttar Pradesh show iron implements in the period between 1800 BCE-1... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In order to confer to the pellets high resistance metallurgic mechanics and appropriate characteristics, the pellets are subjected to thermal processing, which involves stages of drying, preheating, firing, after-firing and cooling. The duration of each stage and the temperature that the pellets are subjected to have a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
GPCRs become desensitized when exposed to their ligand for a long period of time. There are two recognized forms of desensitization: 1) homologous desensitization, in which the activated GPCR is downregulated; and 2) heterologous desensitization, wherein the activated GPCR causes downregulation of a different GPCR. The... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome encodes its own DNA polymerase for replication. Biomics Biotechnologies has evaluated around 5000 siRNA sequences of this gene for effective knockdown; five sequences were chosen for further investigation and shown to have potent silencing activity when converted into shRNA expression... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In metallurgy, alpha case is the oxygen-enriched surface phase that occurs when titanium and its alloys are exposed to heated air or oxygen. Alpha case is hard and brittle, and tends to create a series of microcracks that will reduce the metal's performance and its fatigue properties. Alpha case can be minimized or avo... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The secret of bulat manufacturing had been lost by the beginning of the 19th century. It is known that the process involved dipping the finished weapon into a vat containing a special liquid of which spiny restharrow extract was a part (the plants name in Russian, stalnik', reflects its historical role), then holding t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sinter roasting involves heating the fine ores at high temperatures, where simultaneous oxidation and agglomeration of the ores take place. For example, lead sulfide ores are subjected to sinter roasting in a continuous process after froth flotation to convert the fine ores to workable agglomerates for further smelting... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Metrnl participates in the control of inflammatory responses and is a critical regulator of muscle regeneration. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
With the end of the war and the adoption of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in March 1921, the restoration of the Ural industry began. Uralplan was created, under whose auspices the development of a program for the integrated development of the region was carried out. Most of the enterprises switched to a self-supporting... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Ideal grain growth is a special case of normal grain growth where boundary motion is driven only by local curvature of the grain boundary. It results in the reduction of the total amount of grain boundary surface area i.e. total energy of the system. Additional contributions to the driving force by e.g. elastic strains... | 0 | Metallurgy |
When water flows through cracks present in concrete, water may dissolve various minerals present in the hardened cement paste or in the aggregates, if the solution is unsaturated with respect to them. Dissolved ions, such as calcium (Ca), are leached out and transported in solution some distance. If the physico-chemica... | 0 | Metallurgy |
hnRNPs affect several aspects of the cell cycle by recruiting, splicing, and co-regulating certain cell cycle control proteins. Much of hnRNPs' importance to cell cycle control is evidenced by its role as an oncogene, in which a loss of its functions results in various common cancers. Often, misregulation by hnRNPs is ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
All of these forms of crack development are the result of the cylinder being subject to high pressure for prolonged periods. The cracks are intergranular and occur at grain boundaries. There is no evidence of stress corrosion or fatigue.
The presence of a relatively high lead content has been identified as a contributo... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Thermocouples are often used at high temperatures and in reactive furnace atmospheres. In this case, the practical lifetime is limited by thermocouple aging. The thermoelectric coefficients of the wires in a thermocouple that is used to measure very high temperatures may change with time, and the measurement voltage ac... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The lost-wax casting tradition was developed by the peoples of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, northwest Venezuela, Andean America, and the western portion of South America. Lost-wax casting produced some of the regions typical gold wire and delicate wire ornament, such as fine ear ornaments. The process was e... | 0 | Metallurgy |
According to R. Balasubramaniam and A. V. Ramesh Kumar (2003), the pillar shows "excellent" atmospheric corrosion resistance.
Ray et al. (1997) analyzed portions of the two smaller fragments. Their analysis revealed the following chemical composition (weight %):
Balasubramaniam (2002) also obtained a small portion of t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Orphan MTases are common in bacteria and archea CcrM is found in almost every group of Alphaproteobacteria, excepting in Rickettsiales and Magnetococcales, and homologs can be found in Campylobacterota and Gammaproteobacteria. Alphaproteobacteria are organisms with different life stages from free living to substrate as... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Engineers can use the Brinell hardness of materials in their calculations to avoid this mode of failure. A rolling element bearing's static load rating is defined to avoid this failure type. Increasing the number of elements can provide better distribution of the load, so bearings intended for a large load may have man... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Many maritime accidents have been caused by corrosion, and this has led to stringent regulations concerning protective coatings for ballast tanks. The Coating Performance Standard for Ballast Tank Coatings (PSPC), became effective in 2008. It specifies how protective coatings should be applied during vessel constructio... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Protein Ser/Thr phosphatases were originally classified using biochemical assays as either, type 1 (PP1) or type 2 (PP2), and were further subdivided based on metal-ion requirement (PP2A, no metal ion; PP2B, Ca stimulated; PP2C, Mg dependent) (Moorhead et al., 2007). The protein Ser/Thr phosphatases PP1, PP2A and PP2B ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Apart from some production of puddled steel, English steel continued to be made by the cementation process, sometimes followed by remelting to produce crucible steel. These were batch-based processes whose raw material was bar iron, particularly Swedish oregrounds iron.
The problem of mass-producing cheap steel was so... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Until the latter half of the 20th century, smelting sulfide ores was almost the sole means of producing copper metal from mined ores (primary copper production). As of 2002, 80% of global primary copper production was from copper–iron–sulfur minerals, and the vast majority of these were treated by smelting.
Copper was ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Change in intracellular Ca levels is used as a signature for diverse responses towards mechanical stimuli, osmotic and salt treatments, and cold and heat shocks. Different root cell types show a different Ca response to osmotic and salt stresses and this implies the cellular specificities of Ca patterns. In response to... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Bimetal strips are used in miniature circuit breakers to protect circuits from excess current. A coil of wire is used to heat a bimetal strip, which bends and operates a linkage that unlatches a spring-operated contact. This interrupts the circuit and can be reset when the bimetal strip has cooled down.
Bimetal strips ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Incoherent grain boundaries are those in which there is a significant mismatch in crystallographic orientation between adjacent grains. This results in a discontinuity in the crystal lattice across the boundary, and the formation of a variety of defects such as dislocations, stacking faults, and grain boundary ledges.T... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the most simplified quorum sensing systems, bacteria only need two components to make use of autoinducers. They need a way to produce a signal and a way to respond to that signal. These cellular processes are often tightly coordinated and involve changes in gene expression. The production of autoinducers generally i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
pRb is known to interact with more than 300 proteins, some of which are listed below:
* Abl gene
* Androgen receptor
* Apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor
* ARID4A
* Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
* BRCA1
* BRF1
* C-jun
* C-Raf
* CDK9
* CUTL1
* Cyclin A1
* Cyclin D1
* Cyclin T2
* DNMT1
* E2F1
* E2F2,
* E4F1
* EID1
*... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Iron ore in the form of siderite, commonly known as iron stone or historically as mine, occurs in patches or bands in the Cretaceous clays of the Weald. Differing qualities of ore were extracted and mixed by experienced smelters to give the best results. Sites of opencast quarries survive from the pre-Roman and Roman e... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can occur during either transcription or translation and is often used in research. In particular, methods used to silence genes are being increasingly used to produce therapeutics to combat cancer ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Mineral separation is hampered by several factors, with particle size being particularly important. As the slurry feed grainsize increases, the efficiency of separation tends to decrease. Separation efficiency is also affected by the stroke of the table (frequency and length); fine feed requires a higher speed and shor... | 0 | Metallurgy |
3′-UTR mutations can be very consequential because one alteration can be responsible for the altered expression of many genes. Transcriptionally, a mutation may affect only the allele and genes that are physically linked. However, since 3′-UTR binding proteins also function in the processing and nuclear export of mRNA,... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The UN and business communities developed an international standard for tailings management in 2020 after the critical failure of the Brumadinho dam disaster. The program was convened by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) and the Principles for Responsible Inv... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The euplotid nuclear code (translation table 10) is the genetic code used by Euplotidae. The euplotid code is a socalled "symmetrical code", which results from the symmetrical distribution of the codons. This symmetry allows for arythmic exploration of the codon distribution. In 2013, shCherbak and Makukov, reported th... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
For cellular processes that are not directly related to pathogen resistance or defense, BIK1 does not utilize traditional defense-mediating hormones such as SA, JA, or ACC, but instead utilizes an herbicide, known as paraquat which produces ROIs. It is believed that SA, JA, and ACC have no effect on BIK1 induction beca... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In humans, DNA methylation occurs at the 5' position of the pyrimidine ring of the cytosine residues within CpG sites to form 5-methylcytosines. The presence of multiple methylated CpG sites in CpG islands of promoters causes stable silencing of genes. Silencing of a gene may be initiated by other mechanisms, but thi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
From alpha iron undergoes a phase transition from body-centered cubic (BCC) to the face-centered cubic (FCC) configuration of gamma iron, also called austenite. This is similarly soft and ductile but can dissolve considerably more carbon (as much as 2.03% by mass at ). This gamma form of iron is present in the most co... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The concept of plotting the free energies of reaction of various elements with a given gas-phase reactant may be extended beyond oxidation reactions. The original paper by Ellingham explicitly to the reduction of both oxygen and sulfur by metallurgical processes, and anticipated the use of such diagrams for other compo... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The usage of the term canonical sequence to refer to a promoter is often problematic, and can lead to misunderstandings about promoter sequences. Canonical implies perfect, in some sense.
In the case of a transcription factor binding site, there may be a single sequence that binds the protein most strongly under specif... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Although as a general rule, dietary supplement labeling and marketing are not allowed to make disease prevention or treatment claims, the FDA has for some foods and dietary supplements reviewed the science, concluded that there is significant scientific agreement, and published specifically worded allowed health claims... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Melid, also known as Arslantepe, was an ancient city on the Tohma River, a tributary of the upper Euphrates rising in the Taurus Mountains. It has been identified with the modern archaeological site of Arslantepe near Malatya, Turkey.
It was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Arslantepe Mound on 26 July ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The main effect of chloride ions on reinforced concrete is to cause pitting corrosion of the steel reinforcement bars (rebar). It is a surreptitious and dangerous form of localized corrosion because the rebar sections can be decreased to the point that the steel reinforcement are no longer capable to withstand to the t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Glucosylceramides (GluCer) are the most widely distributed glycosphingolipids in cells serving as precursors for the formation of over 200 known glycosphingolipids. GluCer is formed by the glycosylation of ceramide in an organelle called Golgi via enzymes called glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) or by the breakdown of c... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
There has been conflicting ideas to the purpose of the 800 copper plates. Although they have been assumed to be scales of armor from an Egyptian army unit, as proposed by archaeologist Shmuel Yeivin, recent reevaluations have confuted this claim. Archaeologist William A. Ward proposed that the scales were means of bart... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Transcription factor TFA is a nuclear protein involved in the RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription of DNA. TFA is one of several general (basal) transcription factors (GTFs) that are required for all transcription events that use RNA polymerase II. Other GTFs include TFD, a complex composed of the TATA binding p... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Tin is an essential metal in the creation of tin-bronzes, and its acquisition was an important part of ancient cultures from the Bronze Age onward. Its use began in the Middle East and the Balkans around 3000 BC. Tin is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, with about two parts per million (ppm), compared to ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the case of a translating ribosome, a frameshift can either result in Nonsense mutation, a premature stop codon after the frameshift, or the creation of a completely new protein after the frameshift. In the case where a frameshift results in nonsense, the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway may destroy the mR... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In humans, about 70% of promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene (proximal promoters) contain a CpG island. CpG islands are generally 200 to 2000 base pairs long, have a C:G base pair content >50%, and have regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide and this occ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Iron oxides are reduced in the following sequence:
O → FeO → FeO
Each transition from one oxide to the next is due to two simultaneous high-temperature reduction reactions by carbon monoxide CO or dihydrogen H:
These temperatures differ from those predicted by the Ellingham diagram. In reality, there is ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hormonal effects are dependent on where they are released, as they can be released in different manners. Not all hormones are released from a cell and into the blood until it binds to a receptor on a target. The major types of hormone signaling are: | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is the most abundant inositol phosphate isomer found. IP6 is solely involved in various biological activities such as neurotransmission, immune response, regulation of kinase and phosphatase proteins as well as activation of calcium channels. IP6 is also involved in ATP regeneration seen i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
pRb is able to be localize to sites of DNA breaks during the repair process and assist in non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination through complexing with E2F1. Once at the breaks, pRb is able to recruit regulators of chromatin structure such as the DNA helicase transcription activator BRG1. pRb has been... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
As the result of substrate effects producing preferred crystallite orientations, pronounced textures tend to occur in thin films. Modern technological devices to a large extent rely on polycrystalline thin films with thicknesses in the nanometer and micrometer ranges. This holds, for instance, for all microelectronic a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
KAP1 forms a complex with MDM2 (a ubiquitin E3 ligase) that binds to p53. The complex marks the bound p53 for degradation. p53 is a known precursor of apoptosis that facilitates the synthesis of proteins necessary for cell death so its degradation results in apoptosis inhibition. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
There are two types of target peptides directing to peroxisome, which are called peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS). One is PTS1, which is made of three amino acids on the C-terminus. The other is PTS2, which is made of a 9-amino-acid sequence often present on the N-terminus of the protein. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
One example of controlling the environment to prevent or reduce corrosion is the practice of storing aircraft in deserts. These storage places are usually called aircraft boneyards. The climate is usually arid so this and other factors make it an ideal environment. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Plasmid vectors are circular strands of DNA, found in virions, that are used in genetic engineering to integrate new genes into a host cell genome.
The small T intron is an intron, that is used in some plasmid vectors, in order to induce gene expression in mammalian cells. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In double knockout STAT2 mice, an increased proliferation of M1, M2, and M1/M2 coexpressing macrophages during influenza-bacterial super-infection is observed. The bacterial clearance was also impaired by neutralization of IFN-γ (M1) and Arginase-1 (M2) what suggests that pulmonary macrophages expressing a mixed M1/M2... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This salt is used as a flotation agent in the purification of molybdenite (MoS) from other components of the ores, where it is usually known as "Nokes reagent" (after Charles M. Nokes, who patented it in 1948). The salt is generated by the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with sodium hydroxide, often using impure r... | 0 | Metallurgy |
While the romantic picture of gold mining focuses on nuggets, the reality is that gold is typically recovered from ores containing >10 ppm of the metal. Thus, the main challenge is concentrating this trace amount. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hollywood is a RNA splicing database containing data for the splicing of orthologous genes in different species. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Despite being a powerful model organism for biology and the study of transcriptional enhancers, the tissue specific activity of less than 5% of the estimated 50,000 transcriptional enhancers in Drosophila melanogaster have been discovered. Over the past decade, the main method for detection of tissue- or cell-type spec... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
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