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An example of desirable work hardening is that which occurs in metalworking processes that intentionally induce plastic deformation to exact a shape change. These processes are known as cold working or cold forming processes. They are characterized by shaping the workpiece at a temperature below its recrystallization t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Cathodic protection is a technique used to inhibit corrosion on buried or immersed structures by supplying an electrical charge that suppresses the electrochemical reaction. If correctly applied, corrosion can be stopped completely. In its simplest form, it is achieved by attaching a sacrificial anode, thereby making t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Detonation spraying produces coatings of very high chemical bond strength and hardness. Coatings are of low porosity, oxygen content and have a low to medium surface roughness. This is achieved due to the extremely high temperatures and velocities produced by the detonation gun during surface coating application. These... | 0 | Metallurgy |
; General
* Aitchison, Leslie. 1960. A History of Metals. London: Macdonald & Evans Ltd.
* Bayley, Justine; Butcher, Sarnia. 2004. Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection. London: The Society of Antiquaries of London.
* Craddock, Paul T. 1995. Early M... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The IscR stability element is a conserved secondary structure found in the intergenic regions of iscRSUA polycistronic mRNA. This secondary structure prevents the degradation of the iscR mRNA.
The iscRSUA operon encodes for the proteins required in iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis where the expression of this operon is... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A co-receptor is a cell surface receptor that binds a signalling molecule in addition to a primary receptor in order to facilitate ligand recognition and initiate biological processes, such as entry of a pathogen into a host cell. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) is a form of hydrogen embrittlement which is a cathodic cracking mechanism. It should not be confused with the term stress corrosion cracking which is an anodic cracking mechanism. Susceptible alloys, especially steels, react with hydrogen sulfide (), forming metal sulfides (MeS) and atomi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
All ETS (Erythroblast Transformation Specific) family members are identified through a highly conserved DNA binding domain, the ETS domain, which is a winged helix-turn-helix structure that binds to DNA sites with a central GGA(A/T) DNA sequence. As well as DNA-binding functions, evidence suggests that the ETS domain i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
β-Catenin was initially discovered in the early 1990s as a component of a mammalian cell adhesion complex: a protein responsible for cytoplasmatic anchoring of cadherins. But very soon, it was realized that the Drosophila protein armadillo – implicated in mediating the morphogenic effects of Wingless/Wnt – is homologou... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Of the seven metals known in antiquity, only gold regularly occurs in nature as a native metal. The others – copper, lead, silver, tin, iron, and mercury – occur primarily as minerals, although native copper is occasionally found in commercially significant quantities. These minerals are primarily carbonates, sulfides,... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As mining techniques and the price of minerals improve, it is not unusual for tailings to be reprocessed using new methods, or more thoroughly with old methods, to recover additional minerals. Extensive tailings dumps of Kalgoorlie / Boulder in Western Australia were re-processed profitably in the 1990s by KalTails Min... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sintering occurs by diffusion of atoms through the microstructure. This diffusion is caused by a gradient of chemical potential – atoms move from an area of higher chemical potential to an area of lower chemical potential. The different paths the atoms take to get from one spot to another are the "sintering mechanisms"... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The basic leaching chemical formula that drives this process is:
This is achieved in practice through a process called double leaching. The calcine is first leached in a neutral or slightly acidic solution (of sulfuric acid) in order to leach the zinc out of the zinc oxide. The remaining calcine is then leached in stro... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Eukaryotic genes contain an upstream promoter and a core promoter also referred to as a basal promoter. A common basal promoter is the TATAAAAAA sequence known as the TATA box. The TATA box is a complex with several different proteins including transcription factor II D (TFIID) which includes the TATA-binding protein (... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Mediator is a multiprotein complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator. The Mediator complex is required for the successful transcription of nearly all class II gene promoters in yeast. It works in the same manner in mammals.
The mediator functions as a coactivator and binds to the C-terminal domain (CTD) o... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Waxes prepared with BTA are available commercially, the idea being that the BTA will prevent any reaction by chelating the surface copper and the wax acting as a physical barrier reducing exposure to water, oxygen, and chlorides; but coating an infected object with wax will not stop the problem. Storing the object in a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
TGFβ signaling at the cell membrane results in 2 different intracellular pathways. One of them depends on MED15, while the other is independent of MED15. In both human cells and Caenorhabditis elegans MED15 is involved in lipid homeostasis through the pathway involving SREBPs In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana the... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant is a Canadian nickel concentrate processing facility located in Long Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador.
Operated by Vale Limited, construction on the plant started in April 2009 and operations began in 2014. Construction costs were in excess of CAD $4.25 billion. Construction... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The following individuals have held the position of President of this organization.
* 1871: David Thomas
* 1872–1874: Rossiter Worthington Raymond
* 1875: Alexander Lyman Holley
* 1876: Abram Stevens Hewitt
* 1877: Thomas Sterry Hunt
* 1878–1879: Eckley Brinton Coxe
* 1880: William Powell Shinn
* 1881: William Metcalf
... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In 2020 scientists showed, with an experiment with different gravity environments on the ISS, that microorganisms could be employed to mine useful elements from basaltic rocks via bioleaching in space. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Stainless steel alloys remain a research target because of lower production costs, as well as the need for an austenitic stainless steel with high-temperature corrosion resistance in environments with water vapor. Research focuses on increasing high-temperature tensile strength, toughness, and creep resistance to compe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Flowers of sulfur (FOS) testing was developed to determine the porosity of metallic coatings susceptible to sulfur induced corrosion [see below ASTM B809-95(2018)]. Applicable substrates are silver, copper, copper alloys and any other metal or metal alloy with which sulfur will react. For porosity testing, coatings c... | 0 | Metallurgy |
PGC-1α is a gene that contains two promoters, and has 4 alternative splicings. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. This protein interacts with the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ, which permits the interaction of... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This method is an acid heap leaching method like that of the copper method in that it utilises sulfuric acid instead of cyanide solution to dissolve the target minerals from crushed ore. The amount of sulfuric acid required is much higher than for copper ores, as high as 1,000 kg of acid per tonne of ore, but 500 kg is... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Utilitarian objects; objects of personal adornment
#Casas Grandes, Chihuahua
#Chalchihuites, Zacatecas
#Hervideros, Durango
#La Quemada, Zacatecas
#Navocoyán, Durango
#Chihuahua, Chihuahua
#Schroeder site, Durango
#Venis Meicis, San Luis Potosí
#Zape, Durango
#Babicora, Chihuahua
#Rancho San Miguiel, Chihuahua
#Santa M... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The tetrathionate anion, , is a sulfur oxyanion derived from the compound tetrathionic acid, HSO. Two of the sulfur atoms present in the ion are in oxidation state 0 and two are in oxidation state +5. Alternatively, the compound can be viewed as the adduct resulting from the binding of disulfide| to SO. Tetrathionate... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Roasting is a process of oxidizing zinc sulfide concentrates at high temperatures into an impure zinc oxide, called "Zinc Calcine". The chemical reactions that take place are as follows:
Approximately 90% of zinc in concentrates are oxidized to zinc oxide. However, at the roasting temperatures around 10% of the zinc re... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As the 5′ UTR has high GC content, secondary structures often occur within it. Hairpin loops are one such secondary structure that can be located within the 5′ UTR. These secondary structures also impact the regulation of translation. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TYK2 gene.
TYK2 was the first member of the JAK family that was described (the other members are JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3). It has been implicated in IFN-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 signaling. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Castner process for production of sodium metal was introduced in 1888 by Hamilton Castner. At that time (prior to the introduction in the same year of the Hall-Héroult process) the primary use for sodium metal was as a reducing agent to produce aluminium from its purified ores. The Castner process reduced the cost ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the late 1840s, the German chemist developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercialized in Germany, France and the UK in the 1850s, and puddled steel was the main raw material for Krupp cast steel even in the 1870s. Befor... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Magnesium is anodized primarily as a primer for paint. A thin (5 μm) film is sufficient for this. Thicker coatings of 25 μm and up can provide mild corrosion resistance when sealed with oil, wax, or sodium silicate. Standards for magnesium anodizing are given in AMS 2466, AMS 2478, AMS 2479, and ASTM B893. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The officers of the IDDRG are the current President, Vice-Presidents, General Secretary, Treasurer, and active Past-Presidents. The officers of the IDDRG comprise the Executive Committee. The vice-presidents are selected for their expertise and to represent, as far as possible, the geographic distribution of the member... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Metals and metal working had been known to the people of modern Italy since the Bronze Age. By 53 BC, Rome had expanded to control an immense expanse of the Mediterranean. This included Italy and its islands, Spain, Macedonia, Africa, Asia Minor, Syria and Greece; by the end of the Emperor Trajan's reign, the Roman Em... | 0 | Metallurgy |
T. H. Henry analyzed and recorded the composition of wootz steel samples provided by the Royal School of Mines. Recording:
*Carbon (Combined) 1.34%
* Carbon (Uncombined) 0.31%
* Sulfur 0.17%
* Silicon 0.04%
* Arsenic 0.03%
Wootz steel was analyzed by Michael Faraday and recorded to contain 0.01-0.07% aluminium. Faraday... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In materials science, an interstitial defect is a type of point crystallographic defect where an atom of the same or of a different type, occupies an interstitial site in the crystal structure. When the atom is of the same type as those already present they are known as a self-interstitial defect. Alternatively, small ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
* King Chandra and the Mehrauli Pillar, M.C. Joshi, S.K. Gupta and Shankar Goyal, Eds., Kusumanjali Publications, Meerut, 1989.
* The Rustless Wonder – A Study of the Iron Pillar at Delhi, T.R. Anantharaman, Vigyan Prasar New Delhi, 1996.
* Delhi Iron Pillar: New Insights. R. Balasubramaniam, Aryan Books International,... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Lower bainite forms between 250 and 400 °C and takes a more plate-like form than upper bainite. There are not nearly as many low angle boundaries between laths in lower bainite. In lower bainite, the habit plane in ferrite will also shift from <111> towards <110> as transformation temperature decreases. In lower bai... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Gilchrist–Thomas process or Thomas process is a historical process for refining pig iron, derived from the Bessemer converter. It is named after its inventors who patented it in 1877: Percy Carlyle Gilchrist and his cousin Sidney Gilchrist Thomas. By allowing the exploitation of phosphorous iron ore, the most abund... | 0 | Metallurgy |
pRb acts as a recruiter that allows for the binding of proteins that alter chromatin structure onto the site E2F-regulated promoters. Access to these E2F-regulated promoters by transcriptional factors is blocked by the formation of nucleosomes and their further packing into chromatin. Nucleosome formation is regulated ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that typically are partially complementary to sequences in metazoan messenger RNAs. Binding of a miRNA to a message can repress translation of that message and accelerate poly(A) tail removal, thereby hastening mRNA degradation. The mechanism of action of miRNAs is the subject of activ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Green death is a solution used to test the resistance of metals and alloys to corrosion. It consists of a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride and copper(II) chloride and its boiling point is at approximately 103 °C. Its typical chemical composition is given in the table hereafter:
The chemi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
SLC18A2 is believed to possess at least two distinct binding sites, which are characterized by tetrabenazine (TBZ) and reserpine binding to the transporter. Amphetamine (TBZ site) and methamphetamine (reserpine site) bind at distinct sites on SLC18A2 to inhibit its function. SLC18A2 inhibitors like tetrabenazine and re... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Exfoliation (or onion skin weathering) is the gradual removing of spall due to the cyclic increase and decrease in the temperature of the surface layers of the rock. Rocks do not conduct heat well, so when they are exposed to extreme heat, the outermost layer becomes much hotter than the rock underneath causing differe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
(Note that COX1, COX2, and COX3 are mitochondrially encoded)
*COX4I1 001861
*COX5B NM_001862
*COX6B1 NM_001863
*COX6C NM_004374
*COX7A2 NM_001865 Homo sapiens cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 (liver) (COX7A2),
*COX7A2L NM_004718
*COX7C NM_001867
*COX8
*COX8A NM_004074 Homo sapiens cytochrome c oxidase... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
PKA has always been considered important in formation of a memory. In the fruit fly, reductions in expression activity of DCO (PKA catalytic subunit encoding gene) can cause severe learning disabilities, middle term memory and short term memory. Long term memory is dependent on the CREB transcription factor, regulated ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
SH2 domains are not present in yeast and appear at the boundary between protozoa and animalia in organisms such as the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.
A detailed bioinformatic examination of SH2 domains of human and mouse reveals 120 SH2 domains contained within 115 proteins encoded by the human genome, represe... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The history of metallurgy in the Urals stands out to historians and economists as a separate stage in the history of Russian industry and covers the period from the 4th millennium BC to the present day. The emergence of the mining district is connected with the history of Ural metallurgy. The geography of the Ural meta... | 0 | Metallurgy |
While tubulin and related structural proteins also bind and hydrolyze GTP as part of their function to form intracellular tubules, these proteins utilize a distinct tubulin domain that is unrelated to the G domain used by signaling GTPases.
There are also GTP-hydrolyzing proteins that use a P-loop from a superclass oth... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A DNA-gelatin mixture may be used for printing onto a slide. Gelatin powder is first dissolved in sterile Milli-Q water to form a 0.2% gelatin solution. Purified DNA plasmid is then mixed with the gelatin solution, and the final gelatin concentration is kept greater than 0.17%. Besides gelatin, atelocollagen and fibron... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The voltage (electromotive force E) produced by a galvanic cell can be estimated from the standard Gibbs free energy change in the electrochemical reaction according to:
where ν is the number of electrons transferred in the balanced half reactions, and F is Faradays constant. However, it can be determined more convenie... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Calcium ions (Ca) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms' cells. They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization. Many enzymes require calcium i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
GPR126 is necessary for Schwann cell myelination. Knockouts of this adhesion GPCR in both Danio rerio and Mus musculus result in an arrest at the promyelinating stage. Schwann cells arise from the neural crest, which migrates to peripheral nerves to form either myelinating or non-myelinating cells. In GPR126 knockouts... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
First developed in 1836 by Danish archaeologist Christian Jürgensen Thomsen as a part of his "Three-age system", the term "Bronze Age" is used by archaeologists to refer to those societies which have developed bronze technology but not yet learned how to work the more complicated process involved in making iron objects... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The geographical location of the explorations in southern Turkmenistan were not marked with precision. The Merv Oasis is one of the regions explored by Soviet archeologists of the YuTAKE; Antiochia is the primary site in this oasis. Namazgtepe (tepe means "hill") is 100–120 kilometers from Ashgabat in Turkmenistan at t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In eukaryotic organisms, pre-mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus, introns are spliced out, then the mature mRNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The small subunit of the ribosome usually starts by binding at the 5 end of the mRNA and is joined there by various other eukaryotic initiation factors, forming t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The blister copper is put into an anode furnace, a furnace that refines the blister copper to anode-grade copper in two stages by removing most of the remaining sulfur and iron, and then removing oxygen introduced during the first stage. This second stage, often referred to as poling is done by blowing natural gas, or ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Ellingham curve for aluminium lies below the curves of most metals such as chromium, iron, etc. This fact indicates that aluminium can be used as the reducing agent for oxides of all these metals. This result is illustrated as follows:
The free energies of formation of chromium(III) oxide and aluminium oxide per mo... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The purpose of this method is to reduce carbon content from steel. This process is suitable for secondary steelmaking industry which recycling steel scrap that has variety of carbon content in their feedstock. This method aim to replace current conventional method that utilizing Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) to reduce car... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Small GTPases function as monomers and have a molecular weight of about 21 kilodaltons that consists primarily of the GTPase domain. They are also called small or monomeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins, small or monomeric GTP-binding proteins, or small or monomeric G-proteins, and because they have si... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) is a two-stage hydrometallurgical process that first extracts and upgrades copper ions from low-grade leach solutions into a solvent containing a chemical that selectively reacts with and binds the copper in the solvent. The copper is extracted from the solvent with strong ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The main functions of detonation spray coatings are to protect against corrosion (due to low oxygen content), abrasion and adhesion under low load. This means that detonation spraying produces hard durable coatings that are suitable for:
* Various components of general machinery: shafts, seals, bushings, bearings, seal... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Platinum Metal Review journal was established in 1957 and was published by Johnson Mattley and Co. From April 1998, it was published as open access and from the July 2004 issue in electronic format only. In 2014 the name of the journal was changed to Johnson Matthey Technology Review. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Iron was extracted from iron–nickel alloys, which comprise about 6% of all meteorites that fall on the Earth. That source can often be identified with certainty because of the unique crystalline features (Widmanstätten patterns) of that material, which are preserved when the metal is worked cold or at low temperature. ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
This bacterium was previously considered a fish pathogen, but it has recently emerged as a human pathogen. Aeromonas sp. have been isolated from various infected sites from patients (bile, blood, peritoneal fluid, pus, stool and urine). All isolates produced the two principal AHLs, N-butanoylhomoserine lactone (C4-HSL)... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* ASTM B374-06(2011) — Standard Terminology Relating to Electroplating
* ASTM B542-13 — Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts and Their Use
* ASTM B735-16 — Standard Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on Metal Substrates by Nitric Acid Vapor
* ASTM B765-03(2018) — Standard Guide for Selection of P... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In UIT, ultrasonic waves are produced by an electro-mechanical ultrasonic transducer, and applied to a workpiece. An acoustically tuned resonator bar is caused to vibrate by energizing it with a magnetostrictive or Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. The energy generated from these high frequency impulses is imparte... | 0 | Metallurgy |
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process used by cells to regulate gene expression. It was discovered in 1998 by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello, who won the Nobel Prize for their discovery in 2006. The process to silence genes first begins with the entrance of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule into the cell, whic... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Mediator is a crucial component for transcription initiation. Mediator interacts with the pre-initiation complex, composed of RNA Polymerase II and general transcription factors TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH to stabilize and initiate transcription. Studies of Mediator-RNA Pol II contacts in budding yeast have e... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The use of alloys by humans started with the use of meteoric iron, a naturally occurring alloy of nickel and iron. It is the main constituent of iron meteorites. As no metallurgic processes were used to separate iron from nickel, the alloy was used as it was. Meteoric iron could be forged from a red heat to make object... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The newly formed primordial germ cells (PGC) in the implanted embryo devolve from the somatic cells at about day 7 of embryogenesis in the mouse. At this point the PGCs have high levels of methylation. These cells migrate from the epiblast toward the gonadal ridge. As reviewed by Messerschmidt et al., the majority of ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In a cell, there are several non-canonical bases present: CpG islands in DNA (often methylated), all eukaryotic mRNA (capped with a methyl-7-guanosine), and several bases of rRNAs (methylated). Often, tRNAs are heavily modified postranscriptionally in order to improve their conformation or base pairing, in particular i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Interdisciplinary field involving processes that
** make use of microbes, usually bacteria and archaea
** mainly take place in aqueous environment
** deal with metal production and treatment of metal containing materials and solutions
*"Biohydrometallurgy may generally referred to as the branch of biotechnology d... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Due to the range of genes that Pol II transcribes, this is the polymerase that experiences the most regulation by a range of factors at each stage of transcription. It is also one of the most complex in terms of polymerase cofactors involved.
Initiation is regulated by many mechanisms. These can be separated into two m... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved P-loop "G domain", a protein domain common to many GTPases. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Endoglin has been shown to interact with high affinity to TGF beta receptor 3 and TGF beta receptor 1, and with lower affinity to TGF beta receptor 2. It has high sequence similarity to another TGF beta binding protein, betaglycan, which was one of the first cues that indicated that endoglin is a TGF beta binding prote... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Naturally occurring bases can be divided into two classes according to their structure:
* Pyrimidines are six-membered heterocyclic with nitrogen atoms in position 1 and 3.
* Purines are bicyclic, consisting of a pyrimidine fused to an imidazole ring.
Artificial nucleotides (Unnatural Base Pairs (UBPs) named d5SICS UBP... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Falcon Concentrator is a type of gravity separation device for the recovery of valuable metals and minerals. There are three types of Falcon Concentrators: Falcon Semi-Batch (SB), Falcon Continuous (C) and Falcon Ultra-Fine (UF). All models of Falcon Concentrator rely on the creation of centrifugal forces by way of... | 0 | Metallurgy |
PELP1 is located on chromosome 17p13.2 and PELP1 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues; its highest expression levels are found in the brain, testes, ovaries, and uterus. Currently, there are two known isoforms (long 3.8 Kb and short 3.4 Kb) and short isoform is widely expressed in cancer cells. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Bacterial initiation factor 1 is a bacterial initiation factor.
IF1 associates with the 30S ribosomal subunit in the A site and prevents an aminoacyl-tRNA from entering. It modulates IF2 binding to the ribosome by increasing its affinity. It may also prevent the 50S subunit from binding, stopping the formation of the 7... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Also during Phase II, copper and arsenical bronze production was practiced at the site.
Norşuntepe provides first clear and unambiguous evidence of arsenical bronze production in this general area before the 4th millennium. It demonstrates that some form of arsenic alloying was being deliberately practised. Since the s... | 0 | Metallurgy |
RNA polymerase II holoenzyme stability determines the number of base pairs that can be transcribed before the holoenzyme loses its ability to transcribe. The length of the CTD is essential for RNA polymerase II stability. RNA polymerase II stability has been shown to be regulated by post-translation proline hydroxylati... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The upcasting (up-casting, upstream, or upward casting) is a method of either vertical or horizontal continuous casting of rods and pipes of various profiles (cylindrical, square, hexagonal, slabs etc.) of 8-30mm in diameter. Copper (Cu), bronze (Cu·Sn alloy), nickel alloys are usually used because of greater casting ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The term "autoinduction" was first coined in 1970, when it was observed that the bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri produced a luminescent enzyme (luciferase) only when cultures had reached a threshold population density. At low cell concentrations, V. fischeri did not express the luciferase gene. However... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The location of the ropB gene is directly and sequentially proximal to the subject of its transcriptional regulation (speB) which lies downstream of a 941 bp intergenic region between the two. Transcription of the ropB gene seems to necessitate a promoter within a series sequences between 238 and 480 bp and up to 800 b... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Structures of eIF4F components have been solved individually and as partial complexes by a variety of methods, but no complete structure of eIF4F is currently available. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Evidence that eRNAs cause downstream effects on the efficiency of enhancer activation and gene transcription suggests its functional capabilities and potential importance.
The transcription factor p53 has been demonstrated to bind enhancer regions and generate eRNAs in a p53-dependent manner. In cancer, p53 plays a cen... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A neolithic-chalcolithic tell is located south of the town.
The first occupation phase at Aratashen was pre-ceramic, going back to 6500 BCE. Parallels are found in the southeastern Trans-Caucasia, and in the northeastern Mesopotamia, especially based on the construction techniques and the lithic and bone tools.
Also th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hammond died on January 6, 1908, aged 74. He is interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts. | 0 | Metallurgy |
There is great variability in the use of the lost-wax method in East Asia. The casting method to make bronzes till the early phase of Eastern Zhou (770-256 ) was almost invariably section-mold process. Starting from around 600 , there was an unmistakable rise of lost-wax casting in the central plains of China, first wi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 is produced in heterodimer form by B cells and antigen-presenting cells. Binding of IL-12 to IL-12R, which is composed of two different subunits (IL12Rβ1 and IL12Rβ2), leads to the interaction of IL12Rβ1 and IL12Rβ2 with JAK2 and TYK2, which is followed by phosphorylation of STAT4 tyrosi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Aluminium and its alloys are difficult to solder due to the formation of the passivation layer of aluminium oxide. The flux has to be able to disrupt this layer and facilitate wetting by solder. Salts or organic complexes of some metals can be used; the salt has to be able to penetrate the cracks in the oxide layer. Th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Role of mitogen signaling in cell cycle progression
The ERK pathway plays an important role of integrating external signals from the presence of mitogens such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) into signaling events promoting cell growth and proliferation in many mammalian cell types. In a simplified model, the presence ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In addition to its role in synaptic plasticity described above, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway also has an important role in brain growth, which is altered when PI3K signaling is disturbed. For example, intracranial volume is also associated with this pathway, in particular with AKT3 intronic variants. Thyroid hormone was ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In parallel with this work, the Cell was tested for the recovery of fine coal at the Newlands coal mine, also owned by MIM Holdings Limited. This fines stream was cyclone overflow, which contained 15–50% ash and was previously discarded. The particle size of this stream was less than 25 μm. Pilot plant testing showed t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
During the next thousand years of the Early Bronze Age (end of 4th–end of 3rd millennium BCE) the same unalloyed copper production of the Chalcolithic (group 2, above) continued for the production of short blades and points. The same metal technique was used for the novel production of long blade weapons
(riveted dagge... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The chromosome loops shown in the figure, bringing an enhancer to the promoter of its target gene, may be directed and formed by the eRNA transcribed from the enhancer after the enhancer is activated.
A transcribed enhancer RNA (eRNA) interacting with the complex of Mediator proteins (see Figure), especially Mediator s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The PI3K pathway is a major source of drug resistance in prostate cancer. This is particularly true in castration-resistant prostate cancer, where tumours become resistant to androgen-deprivation therapy, which block the tumours ability to utilise the hormone androgen to grow. This is due to a complex feedback mechanis... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Eco pickled surface technology has been tested and approved for use as a replacement for acid pickled steel by automotive manufacturers General Motors and Chrysler. The Eco Pickled Surface process was a finalist in the 2013 American Metal Market (AMM) Awards for Steel Excellence. | 0 | Metallurgy |
While rich veins of tin are known to exist in Central and South Africa, whether these were exploited during ancient times is still debated . However, the Bantu culture of Zimbabwe are known to have actively mined, smelted and traded tin between the 11th and 15th centuries AD. | 0 | Metallurgy |
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