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Regarding the optic nerve, one of the following is false? | Intraorbitallly is double its intraocular thickness | Is crossed inferiorly by the nerve to lateral rectus | Meets its fellow nerve between the internal carotid arteries | Receives fibres from the temporal retina that have an indirect course to the optic disc | nan | b | Is crossed inferiorly by the nerve to lateral rectus | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is true? | Macular fibres lie medially in the distal optic nerve | Temporal macular fibres decussate anteriorly in the chiasm | Nasal macular fibres decussate posteriorly in the chiasm | Macular fibres lie superiorly in the optic tract | nan | d | Macular fibres lie superiorly in the optic tract | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the globe, one of the following is true? | The anterior segment lies anterior to the plane of the iris | The globe has equal horizontal and vertical diameters | The axial length is decreased in short-sightedness | It lies closer to the orbital roof than floor | nan | d | It lies closer to the orbital roof than floor | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the cornea, one of the following is true? | Is circular in shape | Is thickest centrally | Has a multilayered squamous epithelium | Contains three acellular layers | nan | c | Has a multilayered squamous epithelium | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the corneal stroma, one of the following is true? | Forms 70% of the corneal thickness | Is the strongest corneal layer | Blends with sclera peripherally | Possesses a fine lymphatic network | nan | c | Blends with sclera peripherally | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is false? | The corneal epithelium has both microplicae and microvilli. | It regenerates from central stem cells if damaged | The corneal endothelium consists of a single layer of polygonal cells | This endothelium is unable to regenerate in humans | nan | b | It regenerates from central stem cells if damaged | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding Tenon's capsule, one of the following is false? | Sheathes the globe up to the posterior border of the limbus | Lies in contact with orbital fat | Is reflected around all the muscles that move the globe | Supports the globe | nan | a | Sheathes the globe up to the posterior border of the limbus | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the sclera, one of the following is false? | Has ciliary muscle attached to it | Is firmly attached to overlying Tenon's capsule | Is supplied by three sets of ciliary arteries | Is grooved on its innermost surface | nan | b | Is firmly attached to overlying Tenon's capsule | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements about the limbal area is false? | It is 1.5-2 mm wide | It is the site where the cornea and sclera merge | The conjunctival and corneal epithelia meet here | It is crossed by unmyelinated fibres innervating the cornea | nan | d | It is crossed by unmyelinated fibres innervating the cornea | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the iris, all the following are false, except? | At its pupillary margin lies ~ 2 mm from the anterior capsule of the lens | Has Fuch's crypts within the epithelium | Contains an annulus of muscle that contracts during accommodation | Has the major arterial circle lying within it | nan | c | Contains an annulus of muscle that contracts during accommodation | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the ciliary body, one of the following is true? | Is the same colour as the choroid | Has the pars plicata lying adjacent to the retina | Is innervated by fibres from the nerve to inferior oblique | Has longitudinal (meridional) muscle fibres lying anteriorly | nan | c | Is innervated by fibres from the nerve to inferior oblique | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the lens, one of the following is false? | Has a capsule that is thickest adjacent to the equator | Contains cells dividing maximally at the poles | Has an embryonic nucleus with an erect Y-shaped suture anteriorly | Contains elongated cells some 100 μιm long | nan | b | Contains cells dividing maximally at the poles | General Ophthalmology |
During accommodation, which of the following is false? | The anterior pole of the lens moves anteriorly | The lens diameter increases | The lens becomes thicker | Sphincter pupillae contracts | nan | b | The lens diameter increases | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is true? | At rest the eye is focused at infinity | Accommodation causes an increase in lens thickness | The fibres of the lens zonule only connect the lens and ciliary processes | The lens capsule is composed of a single layer of fibres | nan | b | Accommodation causes an increase in lens thickness | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements about the vitreous is false? | An embryological remnant of the primary vitreous is present in all young adult eyes | Cloquet's canal communicates with the posterior vitreous base | The tertiary vitreous forms a structure that is attached to the ciliary processes | Wieger's ligament attaches to the lens «4 mm behind the equator | nan | d | Wieger's ligament attaches to the lens «4 mm behind the equator | General Ophthalmology |
Which statement regarding the choroid is false? | Is thickest anteriorly | Does not extend beyond the ora serrata | Conveys a neurovascular supply to the front of the globe | Nourishes the outermost part of the retina | nan | a | Is thickest anteriorly | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements regarding the retina is true? | It contains approximately 20 times as many cones as rods | It extends further anteriorly on its lateral than its medial side | Its pigment epithelial cells have smooth basal surfaces | The rod and cone cells are of similar length | nan | a | It contains approximately 20 times as many cones as rods | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is true? | The retina is thickest at the ora serrata | The vitreous base is only attached to the pars plana | The volume of the posterior chamber is 0.06 ml | The trabecular meshwork is 0.2 mm wide | nan | c | The volume of the posterior chamber is 0.06 ml | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements regarding the central retinal artery is true? | Is larger than the central retinal vein | Is approximately 1 mm in diameter | Pierces the optic nerve 12 mm behind the globe | Is surrounded by just pia and arachnoid as it courses to the centre of the optic nerve | nan | c | Pierces the optic nerve 12 mm behind the globe | General Ophthalmology |
In the 14-17 mm human embryo (approximately 6 weeks-old), one of the following is false. | Retinal differentiation begins | Fetal fissure starts closing | Primary lens fibres form | Pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium begins | nan | d | Pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium begins | General Ophthalmology |
In the 50 mm human embryo ( approximately 10 weeks-old), one of the following structures has already developed. | Secondary lens fibres | Ciliary muscle | Lens zonule | Tarsal glands | nan | d | Tarsal glands | General Ophthalmology |
The following are derived from surface ectoderm, except? | Tarsal glands | Corneal epithelium | Ciliary muscle | Lacrimal glands | nan | c | Ciliary muscle | General Ophthalmology |
The following are partially or completely derived from mesoderm, except? | Descemet's membrane | Choroid | Iris smooth muscle | Fascia bulbi | nan | c | Iris smooth muscle | General Ophthalmology |
The following are derived from neutral ectoderm, except? | Ganglion cells | Optic chiasm | Retinal pigment epithelium | Iris stroma | nan | d | Iris stroma | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements about ocular development is true? | Failure of optic cup closure leads to colobomata | The macula forms at the 5-month stage and is fully developed at term | The hyaloid arterial system carries no blood by the 7-month stage | Myelination of the optic nerve begins at the lamina cribrosa before term | nan | c | The hyaloid arterial system carries no blood by the 7-month stage | General Ophthalmology |
A full-term infant's eye differs from an adult's eye. One of the following is false? | Less iris pigmentation | A narrower angle | A large pupil | Medial rectus inserting closer to the limbus | nan | c | A large pupil | General Ophthalmology |
After permanent punctal occlusion with cautery: | 5-10% rate of recanalization is expected. | 10-20% rate of recanalization is expected. | 20-30% rate of recanalization is expected. | 30-40% rate of recanalization is expected. | nan | c | 20-30% rate of recanalization is expected. | General Ophthalmology |
The most common cause of mucin deficiency is: | Vitamin D deficiency | Vitamin C deficiency | Vitamin K deficiency | Vitamin A deficiency | nan | d | Vitamin A deficiency | General Ophthalmology |
All the following are true of primary Sjogren Syndrome except: | Most commonly found in elderly males | No associated connective tissue disease | 90% HLA-B 8 haplotype + | Associated with anti-La (SS-B) autoantibodies | nan | a | Most commonly found in elderly males | General Ophthalmology |
All the following are options for the treatment of dry eyes except: | 3 snip Punctoplasty | Punctual occlusion | Demulcent solutions | Hot compresses | nan | a | 3 snip Punctoplasty | General Ophthalmology |
The Schirmer postanesthesia test: | Measures reflex tear secretion | Measures basal tear secretion | Should be used with at least 4 drops of topical anesthetic | Should be performed before drying the cul-de-sac | nan | b | Measures basal tear secretion | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following is true? | The aqueous layer of the tear film is the thickest layer. | The lipid layer of the tear film is produced by the conjunctival goblet cells. | The mucin layer is secreted by the glands of Wolfring. | There are 4 layers of the tear film. | nan | a | The aqueous layer of the tear film is the thickest layer. | General Ophthalmology |
All the conditions below are associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca except: | Vitamin A deficiency | Rheumatoid arthritis | Diabetes mellitus | Lupus erythematosus | nan | c | Diabetes mellitus | General Ophthalmology |
A 45-year-old female comes to the office with a chief complaint of tearing in both eyes and foreign body sensation. Of note are small superficial punctate epitheliopathy diffusely over the central cornea. Her tear film is scanty in both eyes. One would expect her Schirmer’s test | >15 mm with anesthetic | < 10 mm="" with="" /> | >20 mm without anesthetic | <5 mm without=""> | nan | b | < 10 mm="" with="" /> | General Ophthalmology |
The glaucoma medications associated with decreased conjunctival goblet cell density are: | Prostaglandin analogs | Selective beta blockers | Non-selective beta blockers | Alpha agonists | nan | c | Non-selective beta blockers | General Ophthalmology |
Causes of aqueous tear deficiency include all the following except: | Riley-Day Syndrome | Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia | Shy-Drager Syndrome | Fraser Syndrome | nan | d | Fraser Syndrome | General Ophthalmology |
If a Lasik flap is amputated, the patient's refraction should become more: | Myopic | Emmetropic | Hyperopic | None of the above | nan | c | Hyperopic | General Ophthalmology |
Microspherophakia is not associated with: | Alport’s syndrome | Rubella | Peter’s anomaly | Syphilis | nan | d | Syphilis | General Ophthalmology |
What is the most common granulomatous inflammation seen in the eyelid? | sarcoidosis | seborrheic keratosis | chalazion | papilloma | nan | c | chalazion | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following is not a treatment option for capillary hemangioma: | observation | oral steroids | surgical resection | intralesional steroid injection | silver nitrate solution | e | silver nitrate solution | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following helps to differentiate between orbital infection and inflammation? | Proptosis | pain with eye movements | presence of sinus disease | sudden onset | erythema | c | presence of sinus disease | General Ophthalmology |
All the following bones are part of the medial wall of the orbit except: | ethmoid | maxillary | sphenoid | zygomatic | lacrimal | d | zygomatic | General Ophthalmology |
Muller's muscle is responsible for approximately 5 mm of eyelid elevation. | True | False | nan | nan | nan | b | False | General Ophthalmology |
All the following drugs are FDA approved for the treatment of minimally classic subfoveal CNV in patients with neovascular AMD with evidence of recent disease progression (loss of vision, growth of CNV on FFA, new macular hemorrhage) except for which one? | Pegaptanib sodium (Macugen) | Verteporfin (Visudyne PDT) | Ranibizumab (Lucentis) | None of the above | All the above | b | Verteporfin (Visudyne PDT) | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following is false regarding the development of diabetic retinopathy? | The earliest vascular abnormality is the loss of retinal capillary intramural pericytes. | Microaneurysm formation is the earliest clinical sign of diabetic retinopathy. | Microaneurysm formation typically occurs on the arteriolar side of the retinal vasculature. | Basement membrane thickening is histopathologically evident in diabetes. | nan | c | Microaneurysm formation typically occurs on the arteriolar side of the retinal vasculature. | General Ophthalmology |
Most of the vision loss in diabetic patients is due to which of the following: | Cataract | Macular edema | Vitreous hemorrhage | Tractional retinal detachment | nan | b | Macular edema | General Ophthalmology |
Aspirin usage increases the risk of bleeding in patients with proliferative retinopathy? | True | False | nan | nan | nan | b | False | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following are NOT associated with an increased risk of developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy? | Intraretinal hemorrhages in 4 quadrants. | Nerve fiber layer infarcts in 2 or more quadrants. | Venous beading. | Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. | nan | b | Nerve fiber layer infarcts in 2 or more quadrants. | General Ophthalmology |
What is the treatment for stage I Diffuse lamellar keratitis? | Steroids | Lifting and irrigating under the flap | Mitomycin C | Phototherapeutic Keratectomy | nan | a | Steroids | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following is NOT a treatment for corneal ectasia? | Intacs | RGP contact lens | Penetrating keratoplasty | Photorefractive Keratectomy | nan | d | Photorefractive Keratectomy | General Ophthalmology |
Which group has the best success rate for corneal transplantation? | Alkali burns | Fungal Keratitis | Fuchs dystrophy | HSV Keratitis | nan | c | Fuchs dystrophy | General Ophthalmology |
All the following diagnoses are associated with cystoid macular edema (CME) on clinical examination and are also not associated with macular leakage on fluorescein angiography except for? | Nicotinic acid maculopathy | Idiopathic juxtafoveal (parafoveal) retinal telangiectasis (IJRT) | Goldman Favre Syndrome | Juvenile X-linked Retinoschisis | Enhanced S-cone dystrophy | b | Idiopathic juxtafoveal (parafoveal) retinal telangiectasis (IJRT) | General Ophthalmology |
According to the Gass classification, what differentiates a stage 3 macular hole from a stage 4 macular hole? | The fact that a stage 4 macular hole is greater than 400 microns | The fact that a stage 3 macular hole is greater than 400 microns | The fact that stage 3 macular holes are associated with a posterior vitreous detachment | The fact that stage 4 macular holes are associated with a posterior vitreous detachment | The fact that stage 3 macular holes are full-thickness | d | The fact that stage 4 macular holes are associated with a posterior vitreous detachment | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following treatments is FDA approved for the treatment of postoperative pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (Irvine-Gass syndrome)? | Topical prednisolone acetate 1% (Pred Forte) QID | Topical ketorolac tromethamine (Acular) QID | Topical Nepefanac (Nevanac) TID | Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide(Kenalog) in 0.1 cc | None of the above | e | None of the above | General Ophthalmology |
All the following drugs are FDA approved for the treatment of predominantly classic subfoveal CNV in patients with neovascular AMD except for? | Pegaptanib sodium (Macugen) | Verteporfin (Visudyne PDT) | Ranibizumab (Lucentis) | Bevacizumab (Avastin) | All the above | d | Bevacizumab (Avastin) | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the superior orbital fissure? | Lacrimal nerve | Frontal nerve | Cranial nerve IV | Ophthalmic artery | nan | d | Ophthalmic artery | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of thyroid eye disease? | proptosis | ptosis | lid retraction | lid lag | nan | b | ptosis | General Ophthalmology |
If standard keratometry and biometry measurements are used to calculate the IOL power in a patient who has previously had myopic LASIK, the selected IOL power will most likely be too high. | True | False | nan | nan | nan | b | False | General Ophthalmology |
Prepping the ocular surface with povidone/iodine solution has been proven to decrease the incidence of endophthalmitis. | True | False | nan | nan | nan | a | True | General Ophthalmology |
Which IOL calculation formula is most accurate for short eyes? | SRK/T | Hoffer Q | Holladay | Binkhorst | nan | b | Hoffer Q | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following methods of pupil enlargement is least effective for poor dilation due to Flomax: | Intraocular epinephrine | Iris hooks | Healon 5 | Manual iris stretching | nan | d | Manual iris stretching | General Ophthalmology |
The gene known to be associated with juvenile open angle glaucoma is: | PITX2 | CYP1B1 | TIGR / MYOC | FKHL7 | nan | c | TIGR / MYOC | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following is true regarding aqueous formation? | It is independent of intraocular pressure | It is formed at the rate of 2 -3 ml per minute | It is the result of secretion | It is the result of filtration | Both C and D | e | Both C and D | General Ophthalmology |
The pathology in phacolytic glaucoma is blockage of the trabecular meshwork by: | Lens material | Erythrocytes | Lymphocytes | Macrophages | Peripheral anterior synechiae | d | Macrophages | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following is not consistent with a classic diagnosis of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS)? | Unilateral involvement | Foveal involvement of the white dots | Vitreous cell | Venous sheathing | Optic nerve edema | b | Foveal involvement of the white dots | General Ophthalmology |
What are the manifestations of Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous? | A retrolental plaque that contracts, thereby elongating the ciliary processes | A cataractous lens which may contain a lipoidal material | Microphthalmos (if not microphthalmic, question the diagnosis) | Progressive AC shallowing producing angle-closure glaucoma | Jumping Beans | a | A retrolental plaque that contracts, thereby elongating the ciliary processes | General Ophthalmology |
Retinitis Pigmentosa can be: | An inherited condition with a “bone spicule” fundus appearance causing loss of central vision | A sporadic condition with a “salt and pepper” fundus appearance causing loss of peripheral vision | An inherited condition with a “bone spicule” fundus appearance causing loss of peripheral vision | A sporadic condition with a "bone spicule" fundus" appearance causing loss of peripheral vision | An inherited condition with a “salt and pepper” fundus appearance causing loss of central vision | c | An inherited condition with a “bone spicule” fundus appearance causing loss of peripheral vision | General Ophthalmology |
A neutropenic patient undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute leucaemia grows Candida albicans on routine blood culture taken after a fever. Whilst the culture has been proceeding the patient begins to complain of floaters in one eye. The most important reason for requesting a specialist ophthalmic consultation is... | To exclude retinal detachment | To exclude fungal endophthalmitis | To exclude fungal keratitis | To exclude lymphoma | To exclude autoimmune uveitis | b | To exclude fungal endophthalmitis | General Ophthalmology |
A 78 year old patient presents to A & E complaining of sudden loss of the superior visual field in one eye. On ophthalmoscopy, a yellow plaque is noted in the arterioles of the inferior temporal arcade and the inferior retina appears white and swollen. The investigations most likely to identify the source of this probl... | Carotid doppler ultrasound and echocardiography | CRP and ESR | Ocular coherence tomography (OCT) | MRI brain and orbits | Thyroid function testing | a | Carotid doppler ultrasound and echocardiography | General Ophthalmology |
A 54 year old woman has had type 1 diabetes for 40 years and presents to the ophthalmology clinic for retinopathy screening by the resident. On dilated fundus examination the resident notes the patient has scattered microaneurysms, several dot hemorrhages and a small area of new blood vessels at an A-V crossing. The re... | Diagnose no retinopathy and follow the patient up in a year | Diagnose background diabetic retinopathy and follow the patient up in a year | Diagnose clinically significant macula oedema | Diagnose proliferative diabetic retinopathy | Diagnose vitreous hemorrhage | d | Diagnose proliferative diabetic retinopathy | General Ophthalmology |
A 21 year old student attends the university health service complaining of slowly worsening vision over the last year, and she is now unable to see the front of the lecture theatre. However, her near vision remains perfect. The examination most likely to diagnose the cause of this problem is: | Pupil reaction testing | Ocular motility testing | Confrontation visual field testing | Refraction | Slit lamp examination | d | Refraction | General Ophthalmology |
Dry (atrophic) age related macular degeneration: | Is characterized by new vessel formation at the macula | Is treatable with intravitreal injections | Is rapidly progressive, leading to loss of central vision | Is rapidly progressive, leading to loss of central and peripheral vision | Is characterized by hard drusen at the early stages | e | Is characterized by hard drusen at the early stages | General Ophthalmology |
Wet (exudative) age related macular degeneration: | May be treatable with intravitreal injections | Is slowly progressive, leading to loss of central vision over many years | Is a type of ocular diabetic complication | Commonly follows toxoplasmosis infection | Is characterized by flame shaped hemorrhages | a | May be treatable with intravitreal injections | General Ophthalmology |
A 45 year old man who has worn thick glasses since childhood presents to his GP complaining of flashing lights in his right eye and no history of trauma. The most likely serious cause of these symptoms that must be considered for this patient is: | Retinal detachment | Temporal arteritis | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Uveitis | Blow out fracture of the orbit | a | Retinal detachment | General Ophthalmology |
The most common cause of flashes and floaters is: | Posterior vitreous detachment | Retinal detachment | Endophthalmitis | Temporal Arteritis | Optic neuritis | a | Posterior vitreous detachment | General Ophthalmology |
Toxoplasmosis: | Is most damaging to the vision when contracted in adult life | Is caused by exposure to sheep feces | Is one of the most significant visual problems in the developing world | Is caused by infection with a helminth | Is a reason pregnant women should avoid cats | e | Is a reason pregnant women should avoid cats | General Ophthalmology |
A patient presents with severe eye pain to the GP 4 days following cataract removal. On examination with a torch, the eye is red and inflamed with ciliary injection and a layer of pus in the anterior chamber. The most likely diagnosis is: | Normal postoperative inflammation | HLA-B27 associated uveitis | Adenoviral conjunctivitis | Endophthalmitis | Herpetic keratitis | d | Endophthalmitis | General Ophthalmology |
Presentation of a central retinal vein occlusion is characterized by: | Sudden onset loss of vision with masses of dot hemorrhages in the fundus | Gradual loss of vision with masses of dot hemorrhages in the fundus | Sudden onset loss of vision with masses of flame hemorrhages in the fundus | Gradual loss of vision with masses of flame hemorrhages in the fundus | None of the above | c | Sudden onset loss of vision with masses of flame hemorrhages in the fundus | General Ophthalmology |
Physiological anisicoria (unequal pupil sizes): | Is often associated with relative afferent pupillary defect | Typically results from traumatic mydriasis | Is associated with normal light and near reflex | Generally worsens with age | Is typically a sign of a serious neurological disorder | c | Is associated with normal light and near reflex | General Ophthalmology |
Papilledema can be associated with: | Swelling of the optic nerve head | Venous dilation | Absent spontaneous venous pulsation | Enlarged blind spot | All the above | e | All the above | General Ophthalmology |
Optic neuritis can be associated with: | Pain with eye movement | Vision loss | Colour vision compromise | Diminished light brightness sensitivity | All the above | e | All the above | General Ophthalmology |
Bitemporal hemianopia can be localized to: | Optic chiasm | Optic nerve | Occipital cortex | Parietal lobe | Temporal lob | a | Optic chiasm | General Ophthalmology |
Homonymous hemianopia can be localized to: | Optic nerve | Ipsilateral parietal lobe | Ipsilateral temporal lobe | Contralateral occipital lobe | Ipsilateral occipital lobe | d | Contralateral occipital lobe | General Ophthalmology |
In testing visual acuity, if the patient is unable to identify any letters on the Snellen chart you should next test for the ability to: | Count fingers | Identify direction of hand movements | Identify position of a stationary light | Identify presence of a stationary light | nan | a | Count fingers | General Ophthalmology |
A 30 year old woman notices that her left pupil is smaller than the right pupil. Her left eyelid droops intermittently. The lesion might be located in: | Left orbit | Left neck | Left third cranial nerve | Left mediastinum | nan | b | Left neck | General Ophthalmology |
In normal subjects, the ratio of the horizontal diameter of the physiologic cup to the diameter of the optic disc should be no more than: | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | nan | a | 0.5 | General Ophthalmology |
Fluoroquinolones: | Can cause tendonitis | Can adversely affect musculoskeletal growth in children | Routinely used in children | Stains teeth | A and B are correct | e | A and B are correct | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following can be a side effect of systemic or topical steroid? | Glaucoma | Mood instability | Cataract | Eyelid skin atrophy | All the above | e | All the above | General Ophthalmology |
Hydroxychloroquine: | Is an antimalarial agent | Causes vortex keratopathy (whorl-like corneal epithelial deposits) | Causes bulls eye maculopathy | Rarely causes ocular toxicity | All the above | e | All the above | General Ophthalmology |
Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug prescribed to treat tuberculosis: | Can lead to optic neuropathy | Typically presents with binasal hemianopia | Responds well to systemic steroid treatment | Is not dose dependent | None of the above | a | Can lead to optic neuropathy | General Ophthalmology |
A handy way to screen for visual field defects is: | Amsler grid test | Pinhole test | Red reflex test | Tumbling E's test | nan | a | Amsler grid test | General Ophthalmology |
In the swinging light pupil test, if the right pupil dilates as the light is swung in its direction, the interpretation is: | Right afferent pupil defect | Faulty technique | Left afferent pupil defect | Normal result | nan | a | Right afferent pupil defect | General Ophthalmology |
A 64 year old woman complains of photophobia, foreign body sensation, and blurred vision in her right eye for several days. What is the diagnosis? | Acute angle-closure glaucoma | Blepharitis | Uveitis | Keratitis | nan | d | Keratitis | General Ophthalmology |
The proper management of a suspected bacterial conjunctivitis of one day's duration in an immunocompetent adult is: | Culture conjunctiva treat with topical antibiotic, empirically until culture results come back, then switch if necessary. | Treat with topical antibiotic empirically without culturing. | Smear conjunctiva, treat with topical antibiotics appropriate to results. | Refer immediately to an ophthalmologist without intervening. | nan | b | Treat with topical antibiotic empirically without culturing. | General Ophthalmology |
You diagnose orbital cellulitis in an otherwise healthy 5 year old. The correct management is: | No imaging, treat with intravenous antibiotics | Orbital imaging, treat with oral antibiotics | Orbital imaging, treat with intravenous antibiotics | No imaging, treat with oral antibiotics | nan | c | Orbital imaging, treat with intravenous antibiotics | General Ophthalmology |
Nystagmus in a child: | Is always associated with a serious systemic disorder when present in an infant | Can present as an isolated, idiopathic condition | Is not typical of albinism | Always portends a poor visual outcome (worse than visual acuity of 6/60) | All the above | b | Can present as an isolated, idiopathic condition | General Ophthalmology |
A patient presenting with Amaurosis Fugax: | May have a retinal embolus | Needs cardiovascular work up | Always needs to be hospitalized | A and B | All the above | d | A and B | General Ophthalmology |
Dacryocystitis: | Is always managed by surgery as the first line of treatment | Is typically managed with systemic antibiotics as the first line of treatment | Can lead to orbital cellulitis | Rarely presents with a dacryocystocele | All the above | b | Is typically managed with systemic antibiotics as the first line of treatment | General Ophthalmology |
Upper eye lid retraction is typically a sign of: | Entropion | Ptosis | Orbital fracture | Thyroid eye disease | None of the above | d | Thyroid eye disease | General Ophthalmology |
Optic nerve glioma is typically associated with: | Sudden loss of vision | Proptosis | Retinoblastoma | Enophthalmos | All the above | b | Proptosis | General Ophthalmology |
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