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Each question below contains suggested responses. Select the one best response. All the following statements regarding anti-inflammatory agents are true EXCEPT
antihistamines prevent histamine release from secretory granules of mast cells, thereby suppressing subsequent hypersensitivity reactions
glucocorticoids inhibit arachidonic acid from phospholipids, thereby suppressing the production of prostaglandins
5-fIuorouracil inactivates 5-lipoxygenase, thereby suppressing the production of leukotrienes
indomethacin is an indole nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclo-oxygenase, thereby suppressing the production of prostaglandins
aspirin inactivates cyclo-oxygenase, thereby suppressing the production of pros taglandins
c
5-fIuorouracil inactivates 5-lipoxygenase, thereby suppressing the production of leukotrienes
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select the one best response. Each of the following statements regarding the sclera is true EXCEPT
the collagen lamellae are obliquely oriented
the rectus muscles insert according to the spiral of Tillaux
it is thinnest at the insertions of the rectus muscles
it is continuous with the cornea at the limbus
it is in a relatively deturgesced state, accounting for its opaque appearance
e
it is in a relatively deturgesced state, accounting for its opaque appearance
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Merkel cell carcinoma:
Is most common in the bulbar conjunctiva
Is associated with good prognosis
Is an APUD cell tumour
Is associated with ultraviolet exposure
Produces corneal pigmentation
c
Is an APUD cell tumour
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. The following report is associated with increased mortality in an enucleated eye with retinoblastoma:
Involvement of the optic nerve
Presence of calcification within the tumours
Necrosis within the tumours
Exophytic retinoblastoma
Presence of retinal detachment
a
Involvement of the optic nerve
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Diabetic microangiopathy include:
Endothelial vascular proliferation
Proliferation of pericytes associated with microaneurysms
Deposition of calcium in the intima
Thickening of the basement membrane
Necrosis of the endothelium
d
Thickening of the basement membrane
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Melanocytoma:
Contains plump black naevus cells
Metastasises to the brain
Is commoner in temperate than tropical countries
Does not cause optic nerve compression
Is associated with renal tumour
a
Contains plump black naevus cells
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. In choroidaemia:
Pigmentary changes occurs in carriers
Carriers may have abnormal EOG
The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant
Arginine free diet is beneficial
Central vision is lost early
a
Pigmentary changes occurs in carriers
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Retinal dialysis:
Is associated with posterior vitreous detachment
Is associated with myopia
Has a mobile posterior flap
Can be treated by cryotherapy, encirclement and a local scleral buckle
Is commonest in the superior temporal quadrant
d
Can be treated by cryotherapy, encirclement and a local scleral buckle
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. In central serous retinopathy:
Abnormalities recorded on the Amsler's chart are uncommon
Often shows focal leakage on fluorescein fundus photography
A macular hole is a common end result
The image perceived by the patient on the affected side in unilateral cases is bigger than on the normal side
A dense central scotoma is the most common presentation
b
Often shows focal leakage on fluorescein fundus photography
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. following conditions are inherited in an autosomal recessive patterns:
Protanopia
Congenital retinoschisis
Sturge-Weber's syndrome
Neurofibromatosis type II
Blue cone achromatopsia
e
Blue cone achromatopsia
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Coat's disease:
Has equal sex incidence
Caused by peripheral neovascularization
Is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern
Causes rhegmatogenous detachment
Can be treated with laser
e
Can be treated with laser
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. With regard to laser:
Xanthophll absorb green light
Diode laser penetrate vitreous haemorrhage
Argon blue-green is commonly used for grid laser
YAG laser produces red colour
Ophthalmic laser is classified as type I laser
b
Diode laser penetrate vitreous haemorrhage
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown cause. Which statement is most correct about the epidemiology of sarcoidosis?
The peak incidence rates occur around age 30 and among those in their 50s.
African Americans are 10 times more likely than Caucasians to develop sarcoidosis.
Caucasians usually develop an acute, self-limited form of the disease.
There is an unequal sex distribution in Europe.
nan
a
The peak incidence rates occur around age 30 and among those in their 50s.
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. The cause of sarcoidosis is not known. Which statement is least correct about the etiology of sarcoidosis?
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been isolated from sarcoidosis granulomas.
Person-to-person spread of sarcoidosis has been reported.
Asbestos exposure has been reported to cause sarcoidosis.
Propionibacterium acnes has been cultured from sarcoidosis patients.
nan
c
Asbestos exposure has been reported to cause sarcoidosis.
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Ocular involvement is seen in 25% of cases. Which statement is most correct about the ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis?
Chronic, nongranulomatous uveitis is the most common presentation.
Creamy, yellow chorioretinitis with periphlebitis is seen in 25% of cases.
Although acute disease can be bilateral, chronic disease is usually unilateral.
CNS involvement is rare and usually is independent of ocular disease.
nan
b
Creamy, yellow chorioretinitis with periphlebitis is seen in 25% of cases.
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Sarcoidosis is often a diagnosis of exclusion. Which statement is least correct about the laboratory workup of sarcoidosis?
Elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels are seen in most cases.
Pulmonary involvement is always seen on chest x-rays.
Elevated ACE levels and positive gallium scans together are very specific for sarcoidosis
Noncaseating granulomas on histopathology are required for diagnosis.
nan
b
Pulmonary involvement is always seen on chest x-rays.
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. statement is least correct about the treatment of sarcoidosis?
Oral prednisone is the first-line therapy for systemic sarcoidosis.
High-dose pulse steroids are effective against recurrences in chronic uveitis.
Periocular steroids are useful in posterior segment disease.
Methotrexate can be used in refractory cases.
nan
b
High-dose pulse steroids are effective against recurrences in chronic uveitis.
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) stalk. This finding is commonly associated with all of the following except:
microphthalmos
retinal detachment
foveal hypoplasia
glaucoma
nan
b
retinal detachment
General Ophthalmology
Each question below contains suggested responses. Select TRUE responses. Exofoliation syndrome (pseudoexfoliation) glaucoma is associated with all of the following except:
increased pigmentation of TM
zonular dehiscence
radial peripheral iris transillumination defects
chronic angle closure
nan
c
radial peripheral iris transillumination defects
General Ophthalmology
Topical steroids are contraindicated in corneal ulcers, EXCEPT:
Phlyctenular fascicular ulcer
Dendritic ulcer
Typical hypopyon ulcer
Atypical hypopyon ulcer
nan
a
Phlyctenular fascicular ulcer
General Ophthalmology
The commonest sign of Graves’ disease is:
Exophthalmos
Lid retraction
Diplopia
Conjunctival chemosis
nan
b
Lid retraction
General Ophthalmology
Acute proptosis may be due to:
Trauma
Orbital cellulitis
Rhabdomyosarcoma
All the above
nan
d
All the above
General Ophthalmology
Enophthalmos may be due to:
Trauma
Cachexia
Post radiotherapy
Secondaries of breast scirrhus carcinoma
All the above
e
All the above
General Ophthalmology
The commonest cause for night blindness is:
Congenital
Vitamin A deficiency
Nuclear cataract
Retinitis pigmentosa
Liver diseases
a
Congenital
General Ophthalmology
The only staphyloma with normal IOP is:
Partial anterior staphyloma
Ciliary staphyloma
Intercalary staphyloma
Equatorial staphyloma
Posterior staphyloma
e
Posterior staphyloma
General Ophthalmology
Ectropion of the upper eyelid may be:
Senile
Paralytic
Congenital
None of the above
nan
d
None of the above
General Ophthalmology
Episcleritis is similar to phlycten clinically but differs in being:
Tender
Flat
Pigmented
Multiple
nan
a
Tender
General Ophthalmology
Pneumococci can cause:
Acute dacryocystitis
Chronic dacryocystitis
Atypical hypopyon ulcer
Ulcerative blepharitis
nan
b
Chronic dacryocystitis
General Ophthalmology
Staphylococci can cause:
Acute dacryocystitis
Stye
Atypical hypopyon ulcer
Ulcerative blepharitis
All the above
e
All the above
General Ophthalmology
The etiology of pterygium is:
Neoplastic
Infection
Inflammation
Degenerative
nan
d
Degenerative
General Ophthalmology
An Endogenous septic focus may cause All the following, EXCEPT:
Phlycten
Hypopyon ulcer
Iridocyclitis
Metastatic endophthalmitis
nan
b
Hypopyon ulcer
General Ophthalmology
Optic nerve head in glaucomatous optic atrophy shows all the following, EXCEPT:
Large deep cup
Interrupted retinal vessels
Waxy yellow colour
Overhanging margins
nan
c
Waxy yellow colour
General Ophthalmology
What is the diagnosis when "Doctor sees nothing & patient sees nothing"?
Papillitis
Papilledema
Retrobulbar neuritis (toxic amblyopia)
All the above
nan
c
Retrobulbar neuritis (toxic amblyopia)
General Ophthalmology
Which of the following treatments is used for optic neuritis?
Prednisolone
Observation
Antibiotics
Atropine
nan
a
Prednisolone
General Ophthalmology
Papilledema leads to:
Rapid deterioration of vision
Amaurosis Fugax
Pain on eye movements
Early loss of color vision
nan
b
Amaurosis Fugax
General Ophthalmology
Papilledema leads to one of the following field changes:
Nasal step
Arcuate scotoma
Concentric contraction of peripheral Field
Enlarged blind spot
nan
d
Enlarged blind spot
General Ophthalmology
Consecutive optic atrophy occurs in all the following cases, EXCEPT:
Degenerative myopia
Chorioretinitis
Central retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal vein thrombosis
nan
d
Central retinal vein thrombosis
General Ophthalmology
Afferent pupillary defect occurs in all the following cases, EXCEPT:
Papillitis
Hysteria
Optic atrophy
Retrobulbar neuritis
nan
b
Hysteria
General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is the cause of watery eyes in a baby?
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Buphthalmos
Viral conjunctivitis
Corneal abrasion
All the above
e
All the above
General Ophthalmology
All the following are TRUE for rapid painful loss of vision, EXCEPT:
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Blunt trauma
Alkali burn
CRAO
nan
d
CRAO
General Ophthalmology
All the following are TRUE for ciliary injection, EXCEPT:
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Corneal ulcer
Anterior uveitis
Episcleritis
nan
d
Episcleritis
General Ophthalmology
All the following are signs of lens subluxation, EXCEPT:
Phacodonesis
Iridodonesis
Irregular anterior chamber
All zonules are intact
nan
d
All zonules are intact
General Ophthalmology
All the following are TRUE for lens induced glaucoma, EXCEPT:
Phaco morphic glaucoma
Phacoanaphylactic glaucoma
Phacolytic glaucoma
Neovascular glaucoma
nan
d
Neovascular glaucoma
General Ophthalmology
Which of the following eyes is susceptible to developing acute angle closure glaucoma?
Hypermetropic eye
Myopic eye
Astigmatic eye
Aphakic eye
nan
a
Hypermetropic eye
General Ophthalmology
In an acute angle closure glaucoma, the choice of surgery is decided after:
Gonioscopic examination
Fundus examination
Tonometry
Visual field examination
nan
a
Gonioscopic examination
General Ophthalmology
All the following are characteristics of a glaucomatous cup, EXCEPT:
Large deep cup
Overhanging margins
Retinal vessels appear broken at the margin
Lamina cribrosa is not visible
nan
d
Lamina cribrosa is not visible
General Ophthalmology
Acetazolamide lowers IOP by:
Decreased aqueous production
Increased aqueous drainage
Lower episcleral venous pressure
All the above
nan
a
Decreased aqueous production
General Ophthalmology
Beta Blockers lower IOP by:
Decreased aqueous production
Increased aqueous drainage A
Lower episcleral venous pressure
All the above
nan
a
Decreased aqueous production
General Ophthalmology
Preauricular lymphadenopathy in seen with which of the following conjunctivitis?
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
Angular conjunctivitis
nan
c
Viral conjunctivitis
General Ophthalmology
Tremulous iris can be seen in:
Aphakia
Subluxation of the lens
Hypermature cataract
Posterior dislocation of the lens
All the above
e
All the above
General Ophthalmology
Posterior polar cataract affects vision markedly because:
Its shadow lies on the macula
Close to the nodal point
It matures early
It blocks the pupillary area
nan
b
Close to the nodal point
General Ophthalmology
Nuclear cataract changes the refraction of the eye into
Myopia
Hypermetropia
Astigmatism
No change
nan
a
Myopia
General Ophthalmology
The most common cause of decrease of visual acuity after phakoemulsification is:
Cystoid macular edema
Posterior capsule opacification
Corneal decompensation
Retinal detachment
nan
b
Posterior capsule opacification
General Ophthalmology
The best treatment for Posterior capsule opacification is:
Surgical excision
Laser opening
Surgical polishing
Leave alone
nan
b
Laser opening
General Ophthalmology
The type of laser used to treat Posterior capsule opacification is:
Yag laser
Argon laser
Diode laser
Excimer laser
nan
a
Yag laser
General Ophthalmology
All the following types of entropion are known, EXCEPT:
Spastic entropion
Senile entropion
Paralytic entropion
Cicatricial entropion
nan
c
Paralytic entropion
General Ophthalmology
All the following are causes of lagophthalmos, EXCEPT:
Facial nerve palsy
Proptosis
Cicatricial ectropion
Third nerve paralysis
nan
d
Third nerve paralysis
General Ophthalmology
Corneal ulcers can occur with which of the following CN disorders?
VII CN palsy
III CN affections
VI CN paralysis
IV CN paralysis
nan
a
VII CN palsy
General Ophthalmology
Ectropion of the upper lid is most commonly seen with:
Spastic ectropion
Senile ectropion
Paralytic ectropion
Cicatricial ectropion
nan
d
Cicatricial ectropion
General Ophthalmology
Munson sign is seen in:
Corneal fistula
Corneal dystrophy
Keratoconus
Corneal facet
nan
c
Keratoconus
General Ophthalmology
In corneal edema; all the following are TRUE, EXCEPT:
There is increase in corneal diameter
There is increase in corneal thickness
Cloudy cornea
Epithelial bullae
Predispose to Corneal vascularization
a
There is increase in corneal diameter
General Ophthalmology
Corneal damage with trachoma is due to:
Trichiasis
Dryness
Lagophthalmos and exposure
All the above
nan
d
All the above
General Ophthalmology
Double staining pattern of the cornea is characteristic for:
Fungal corneal ulcer
Herpetic corneal ulcer
Exposure keratopathy
Acanthamoeba corneal ulcer
nan
b
Herpetic corneal ulcer
General Ophthalmology
Topical corticosteroids are used in all the following, EXCEPT:
Bacterial corneal ulcer
Herpetic corneal ulcer
Fascicular phlyctenular ulcer
Stromal fungal keratitis
nan
c
Fascicular phlyctenular ulcer
General Ophthalmology
Tarsorrhaphy is essential in:
Bacterial corneal ulcer
Viral corneal ulcer
Exposure keratopathy
Traumatic corneal ulcer
nan
c
Exposure keratopathy
General Ophthalmology
Blood staining of the cornea is due to:
Hyphema
Hyphema with rise of IOP
Corneal edema
Corneal FB
nan
b
Hyphema with rise of IOP
General Ophthalmology
The pupil in acute Anterior Uveitis is:
Constricted
Dilated
Festooned
Vertically oval
nan
a
Constricted
General Ophthalmology
Infective corneal ulcers includes all the following, EXCEPT:
Bacterial corneal ulcer
Fungal corneal ulcer
Mooren’s ulcer
Viral corneal ulcer
nan
c
Mooren’s ulcer
General Ophthalmology
In treating bacterial corneal ulcers, all the following are true, EXCEPT:
Antibiotics drops
Vitamin A and C
Mydriatics and cycloplegics drops
Corticosteroids drops
nan
d
Corticosteroids drops
General Ophthalmology
All the following are non-specific signs in conjunctivitis, EXCEPT:
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Papillae
Follicles
Pseudomembranes
nan
c
Follicles
General Ophthalmology
In buphthalmos, we should exclude all the following, EXCEPT:
Retinoblastoma
Megalocornea
High myopia
Babies of diabetic mothers
nan
d
Babies of diabetic mothers
General Ophthalmology
In buphthalmos, which of the following is a late presentation?
Lacrimation and sneezing
Optic cupping
Enlarged hazy cornea
Flattened Sublaxated lens
nan
b
Optic cupping
General Ophthalmology
In a patient with HM vision, the visual field can be tested by:
Projection of light
Confrontation test
Automated perimetry
Bjerrum screen
nan
a
Projection of light
General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is NOT a test for visual field?
Projection of light
Confrontation test
Automated perimetry
Bjerrum screen
Perception of light
e
Perception of light
General Ophthalmology
Glaucoma inversus can occur in:
Post Sublaxated lens
Post dislocated lens
Intumescent cataract
Anterior dislocated lens
nan
d
Anterior dislocated lens
General Ophthalmology
Glaucoma inversus can be treated by:
Pilocarpine & anti-inflammatories
Pilocarpine& beta blockers
Atropine
Cyclocryotherapy
nan
c
Atropine
General Ophthalmology
Phacomorphic Glaucoma is:
Induced by intumescent cataract
Induces pupillary block
A closed angle secondary glaucoma
Urgent cataract extraction is indicated
All the above
e
All the above
General Ophthalmology
Amaurotic cat’s eye (leukocoria) is seen in all the following, EXCEPT:
Retinoblastoma
PHPV
Coat’s disease
Toxocara
Malignant melanoma of choroid
e
Malignant melanoma of choroid
General Ophthalmology
Third cranial nerve innervate all the following, EXCEPT:
Superior oblique muscle
Levator palpebrae muscle
Inferior oblique muscle
Medial rectus muscle
nan
a
Superior oblique muscle
General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is TRUE for Horner’s syndrome?
Ptosis, myosis, enophthalmos and anhidrosis
Ptosis, mydriasis, enophthalmos and anhidrosis
lagophthalmos , myosis, enophthalmos and anhidrosis
Diplopia, myosis, enophthalmos and anhidrosis
nan
a
Ptosis, myosis, enophthalmos and anhidrosis
General Ophthalmology
Diplopia due to right 6th nerve palsy increases on looking to:
Right
Left
Up
down
nan
b
Left
General Ophthalmology
Diplopia due to right 4th nerve palsy appears when which eye is open?
Right eye
Left eye
Either one
Both eyes
nan
d
Both eyes
General Ophthalmology
The commonest cause of crossed eyes in the first year of life is:
Infantile esotropia
Accommodative esotropia
Six nerve palsy
Duane’s syndrome
nan
a
Infantile esotropia
General Ophthalmology
Convergent squint may be due to:
Infantile esotropia
Accommodative esotropia
Six nerve palsy
Graves' disease
All the above
e
All the above
General Ophthalmology
Papilledema leads to:
Rapid deterioration of vision
Primary optic atrophy
Pain on eye movements
Enlarged blind spot
Colored halos
d
Enlarged blind spot
General Ophthalmology
All the following are signs of lens subluxation EXCEPT:
Phacodonesis
Iridodonesis
Irregular anterior chamber
High astigmatic error
Intact all zonule
e
Intact all zonule
General Ophthalmology
All the following are symptoms of retinal detachment, EXCEPT:
Floaters
Flashes of light
Failing vision
Field defect
Ciliary injection
e
Ciliary injection
General Ophthalmology
All the following are symptoms of retinal detachment, EXCEPT:
Musca Volitans
Flashes of light
Deterioration of vision
Sever ocular pain
nan
d
Sever ocular pain
General Ophthalmology
Eye eyes susceptible to angle closure glaucoma are:
Hypermetropic eye
Myopic eye
Astigmatic eye
Pseudophakic eye
nan
a
Hypermetropic eye
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the cornea is true, except:
Has an endothelial layer that regenerates readily.
Comprises three layers.
The endothelium actively pumps water from the stroma.
Is an important refractive component of the eye.
nan
a
Has an endothelial layer that regenerates readily.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the retina is true, except:
Is ten layers thick.
Has ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve.
Has three types of rods responsible for color vision.
The RPE delivers vitamin A for rhodopsin production.
nan
c
Has three types of rods responsible for color vision.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the lens is true, except:
Grows throughout life.
Is surrounded by a collagenous capsule.
Cortical and nuclear fibers are nucleated.
Has a high refractive index owing to its protein content.
nan
c
Cortical and nuclear fibers are nucleated.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the suspensory ligament of the lens (the zonule) is true, except:
Attaches the lens to the ciliary body.
Lies behind the iris and the iridocorneal angle.
Is composed of smooth muscle.
Transmits changes in tension to the lens capsule.
nan
c
Is composed of smooth muscle.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the posterior chamber is true, except:
Is another name for the vitreous body.
Lies between the iris, lens, and ciliary body.
Contains aqueous humor, secreted by the ciliary processes.
Is in communication with the anterior chamber.
nan
a
Is another name for the vitreous body.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the tear film is true, except:
Is 100 μ m thick.
The mucin layer is in contact with the cornea.
Is important in the refraction of light entering the eye.
Contains lysozyme and secretory IgA.
nan
a
Is 100 μ m thick.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the iridocorneal angle is true, except:
Is the site of aqueous production.
Lies between the cornea and the ciliary body.
In primary open angle glaucoma there is a reduction in the number of cells covering the trabecular meshwork.
Fluid passes through the trabecular meshwork to Schlemm’s canal.
nan
a
Is the site of aqueous production.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the optic nerve is true, except:
Axons leave the eyeball through the cribriform plate.
Is not bathed in CSF until it enters the cranial cavity.
Anteriorly is supplied by blood from the ciliary arteries.
Is formed by the nerve fiber layer of the retina.
nan
b
Is not bathed in CSF until it enters the cranial cavity.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves are true, except:
A nuclear third nerve palsy will cause a contralateral palsy of the superior rectus.
The fourth nerve supplies the lateral rectus.
The sixth nerve has a long intracranial course.
The third nerve may be affected by aneurysms of the posterior communicating artery.
nan
b
The fourth nerve supplies the lateral rectus.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the physiological testing of the eye is true, except:
The Snellen chart measures visual acuity, the resolving power of the eye.
The Snellen chart is positioned at 4 m from the patient.
The Cardiff Acuity Test relies on preferential looking.
An isopter on a visual field chart represents the eye’s ability to see a point of light of given
nan
b
The Snellen chart is positioned at 4 m from the patient.
General Ophthalmology
All the following regarding the pupils is true, except:
The term miosis means a constricted pupil.
Anisocoria means that the pupils differ in size.
Damage to oculomotor parasympathetic fibers causes miosis.
A relative afferent pupillary defect indicates optic nerve disease.
nan
c
Damage to oculomotor parasympathetic fibers causes miosis.
General Ophthalmology