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All the following regarding the lids is true, except: | When the lid margin is turned away from the eye, this is ectropion. | When the lid margin is turned into the eye, this is entropion. | A third nerve palsy does not cause ptosis. | In myasthenia repeated lid blinking increases any ptosis. | nan | c | A third nerve palsy does not cause ptosis. | General Ophthalmology |
All the following regarding the fluorescein is true, except: | Is excited by green light and emits in the blue wave band. | Will stain a corneal abrasion. | To detect its fluorescence, the eye must be examined with a blue light. | Can be used to demonstrate a leak of aqueous from the anterior chamber. | nan | a | Is excited by green light and emits in the blue wave band. | General Ophthalmology |
All the following regarding the direct ophthalmoscope is true, except: | Produces a magnified image of the retina. | Contains lenses which increase the magnification. | Can be used to examine the red reflex. | The illumination can be altered. | nan | b | Contains lenses which increase the magnification. | General Ophthalmology |
All the following regarding the instruments is true, except: | Keratometry allows the protrusion of the eye to be measured. | The synoptophore measures convergence and divergence. | The exophthalmometer allows the protrusion of the eye to be measured. | Retinoscopy is used to assess refractive error. | nan | a | Keratometry allows the protrusion of the eye to be measured. | General Ophthalmology |
All the following regarding clinical optics is true, except: | The visible spectrum extends from 390 to 760 nm. | Emmetropia means that parallel rays of light are brought to a focus on the retina when accommodation is relaxed. | In myopia the rays are focused in front of the retina, in hypermetropia they are focused behind the retina. | Astigmatism suggests that the cornea is perfectly round. | nan | d | Astigmatism suggests that the cornea is perfectly round. | General Ophthalmology |
All the following regarding the correction of ametropia is true, except: | A concave lens causes divergence of parallel rays and is used to correct myopia. | A convex lens causes convergence of parallel rays and is used to correct hypermetropia. | The natural lens provides 50% of the refractive power of the eye. | Aphakic spectacles magnify the retinal image. | nan | c | The natural lens provides 50% of the refractive power of the eye. | General Ophthalmology |
A 56 year-old female patient presents with a proptosed eye, deviated nasally. | An eye displaced to one side of the orbit suggests an extra-conal lesion. | Rapid onset of proptosis might suggest a malignant tumor. | The patient may have dysthyroid eye (Graves ’) disease. | The patient may have a rhabdomyosarcoma of the extraocular muscles. | nan | d | The patient may have a rhabdomyosarcoma of the extraocular muscles. | General Ophthalmology |
A 16 year-old boy presents with swollen eyelids, a red eye, proptosis, severe eye pain and tenderness and a pyrexia. The vision has become very blurred and color vision is reduced. | Orbital cellulitis is the most likely diagnosis. | A relative afferent pupillary defect may be present. | No investigations are necessary. | Urgent orbital decompression is indicated. | nan | c | No investigations are necessary. | General Ophthalmology |
A 70 year-old woman with a history of previous head trauma presents with sudden onset of a red, proptosed eye. Eye movements are reduced in all directions. Vision is intact. Intraocular pressure is increased. The most likely diagnosis is: | Dysthyroid eye disease. | A caroticocavernous sinus fistula. | An orbital varix. | A dermoid cyst. | nan | b | A caroticocavernous sinus fistula. | General Ophthalmology |
A 55 year-old woman presents with a small ptosis, and miosis on the same side. She is a smoker. The likely diagnosis is: | Myasthenia gravis. | Marcus–Gunn syndrome. | Horner’s syndrome. | Third nerve palsy. | nan | c | Horner’s syndrome. | General Ophthalmology |
Blepharitis is associated with all the following, except: | Cloudy meibomian secretions in posterior blepharitis. | Injection of the lid margin. | Marginal keratitis. | An inturned eyelid. | nan | d | An inturned eyelid. | General Ophthalmology |
Sjögren’s syndrome is associated with all the following, except: | Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye). | Rheumatoid arthritis. | Cardiac failure. | Dryness of the mouth. | nan | c | Cardiac failure. | General Ophthalmology |
A 60 year-old man presents with painless watering of the eye, worse when outside in the wind. Sometimes there is a sticky discharge. The white of the eye is never inflamed. No abnormal masses are palpable, but pressure over the lacrimal sac causes a mucopurulent discharge to be expressed from the lower punctum. | The most likely diagnosis is an ectropion. | The most likely diagnosis is a blocked nasolacrimal duct. | The most likely diagnosis is blepharitis. | The most likely diagnosis is dacryocystitis. | nan | b | The most likely diagnosis is a blocked nasolacrimal duct. | General Ophthalmology |
A 67 year-old lady presents with pain on the right side of her forehead. She has been feeling generally unwell. She has just noticed the appearance of vesicles on the skin. One of the following is false: | The most likely diagnosis is herpes zoster. | The most likely diagnosis is acanthamoeba keratitis. | Ocular complications may include keratitis, iritis, and secondary glaucoma. | The patient should be prescribed systemic acyclovir in high dosage. | nan | b | The most likely diagnosis is acanthamoeba keratitis. | General Ophthalmology |
A 24 year-old lady presents with a red eye. There is no discharge. The redness is located in the temporal quadrant of the bulbar conjunctiva. There is slight discomfort; the vision is normal. There is no other medical history. One of the following is true: | The most likely diagnosis is bacterial conjunctivitis. | The most likely diagnosis is keratoconus. | The most likely diagnosis is episcleritis. | The most likely diagnosis is scleritis. | nan | c | The most likely diagnosis is episcleritis. | General Ophthalmology |
Cataract causes all of the following except: | A gradual loss of vision. | Glare. | Photophobia. | A change in refractive error. | nan | c | Photophobia. | General Ophthalmology |
Cataract may be caused by or associated with all the following, except: | Steroids. | Diabetes. | Myotonic dystrophy. | Hypercalcemia. | nan | d | Hypercalcemia. | General Ophthalmology |
Complications of cataract surgery include all the following, except: | Recurrence of the cataract. | Endophthalmitis. | Glaucoma. | Cystoid macular oedema. | nan | a | Recurrence of the cataract. | General Ophthalmology |
A 60 year-old lady has just had a cataract operation. Three days later she presents to her general practitioner with a painful red eye. The vision, which was initially much improved, has become blurred and she is seeing lots of floaters. One of the following is false: | The patient has endophthalmitis and needs to be referred to an eye unit immediately. | Treatment of the condition requires steroid drops only. | Treatment of the condition requires intravitreal antibiotics. | This is a rare complication of cataract surgery. | nan | b | Treatment of the condition requires steroid drops only. | General Ophthalmology |
Cause of uveitis include inflammation of all the following, except: | The lens. | The iris. | The ciliary body. | The choroid. | nan | a | The lens. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding uveitis; all the following is true, except: | Is always associated with a red eye. | May be complicated by macular oedema. | Posterior synechiae may form between the iris and the lens. | May be associated with retinitis. | nan | a | Is always associated with a red eye. | General Ophthalmology |
A 33 year-old West Indian patient presents with a red eye, without discharge, and with photophobia and blurred vision. The eye is uncomfortable. He has recently become short of breath and developed painful, raised, tender red lesions on his shins. One of the following is false: | The patient has ankylosing spondylitis. | The patient probably has sarcoidosis. | Treatment is with steroid eye drops and cycloplegics. | Glaucoma and cataract are possible ocular complications of the condition or its treatment. | nan | a | The patient has ankylosing spondylitis. | General Ophthalmology |
In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | Hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots may be seen on the retina. | Opportunistic infection has increased since the development of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). | CMV retinopathy causes focal white spots on the retina associated with hemorrhage. | Ganciclovir and foscarnet are used to treat CMV retinitis. | nan | b | Opportunistic infection has increased since the development of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). | General Ophthalmology |
One of the following statements is false? | Aqueous is produced by the ciliary processes. The fluid circulates through the pupil and is drained by the trabecular meshwork. | The major classification of glaucoma depends on the anatomy of the iridocorneal angle. | One mechanism of angle closure glaucoma is an increased resistance to aqueous flow through the pupil. This causes the iris to bow forwards and block the drainage angle. | Glaucoma is always associated with a raised pressure. | nan | d | Glaucoma is always associated with a raised pressure. | General Ophthalmology |
A patient is found by his ophthalmologist to have an arcuate visual field defect, an enlarged optic cup and raised intraocular pressure. One of the following is true: | The most likely diagnosis is acute glaucoma. | The most likely diagnosis is chronic open angle glaucoma. | Treatment is with intravenous acetazolamide. | Treatment is confined to topical therapy. | nan | b | The most likely diagnosis is chronic open angle glaucoma. | General Ophthalmology |
A patient presents to casualty with a painful red eye and a cloudy cornea. The emergency doctor suspects he has acute glaucoma. One of the following is false: | He should arrange for him to be seen in the eye clinic in a week. | Treatment is initially with intravenous acetazolamide and pilocarpine eye drops. | A laser iridotomy should be performed. | The condition may be caused by a block to the flow of aqueous through the pupil. | nan | a | He should arrange for him to be seen in the eye clinic in a week. | General Ophthalmology |
Symptoms of congenital glaucoma include of the following, except: | Increased corneal diameter. | A red eye. | Splits in Descemet ’ s membrane. | Cloudiness of the cornea. | nan | b | A red eye. | General Ophthalmology |
In glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy), one of the following is false: | May be complicated by intraocular infection. | Is associated with accelerated cataract development. | Reverses damage to the optic nerve caused by glaucoma. | Success of surgery may be improved by using antimetabolites topically. | nan | c | Reverses damage to the optic nerve caused by glaucoma. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding age-related macular degeneration, one of the following is false: | Is the commonest cause of irreversible visual loss in the developed world. | Is associated with disease of the retinal pigment epithelium. | May be associated with the growth of blood vessels beneath the retina. | Is commonly treated with surgery. | nan | d | Is commonly treated with surgery. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding macular oedema, one of the following is false: | Relates to the accumulation of fluid within the macula. | May be seen following intraocular surgery. | Is usually associated with the growth of abnormal vessels in the retina. | Can be treated with steroids. | nan | c | Is usually associated with the growth of abnormal vessels in the retina. | General Ophthalmology |
A patient presents with a history of 3 days of floaters, flashing lights and then a dense, curtain- like field loss. One of the following is true: | The most likely diagnosis is a retinal vein occlusion. | The most likely diagnosis is a retinal detachment. | The most likely diagnosis is a posterior vitreous detachment. | The vision will settle with no intervention. | nan | b | The most likely diagnosis is a retinal detachment. | General Ophthalmology |
A 1 year-old child presents with a squint. The doctor notices that the red reflex appears white. One of the following is false: | A white red reflex is a normal finding in a child of this age. | The child may have a retinoblastoma. | Urgent referral is required. | The other eye needs to be assessed. | nan | a | A white red reflex is a normal finding in a child of this age. | General Ophthalmology |
In central retinal vein occlusion, one of the following is false: | Does not usually cause loss of vision. | May be associated with the formation of new vessels. | May be a cause of rubeotic glaucoma. | May be associated with hypertension. | nan | a | Does not usually cause loss of vision. | General Ophthalmology |
In diabetic retinopathy, one of the following is false: | Is seen in 80% of patients who have had diabetes for 20 years. | Control of systemic hypertension is important in reducing the severity of the retinopathy. | Vitreous hemorrhage is associated with the formation of new vessels on the retina or optic nerve head. | Circinate patterns of exudates are treated with scattered laser. | nan | d | Circinate patterns of exudates are treated with scattered laser. | General Ophthalmology |
In retinopathy of prematurity, one of the following is false: | Is caused by a failure of normal retinal vascularization. | Is most commonly seen in babies with a low birthweight. | Is less commonly seen in babies exposed to supplementary oxygen. | New vessels and hemorrhages may be seen in the retina. | nan | c | Is less commonly seen in babies exposed to supplementary oxygen. | General Ophthalmology |
Pathological miosis is seen in all the following, except: | Horner’s syndrome. | Third nerve palsy. | Argyll Robertson pupil. | Coma. | nan | b | Third nerve palsy. | General Ophthalmology |
Horner’s syndrome may be seen in all the following, except: | Syringomyelia. | Lung neoplasia. | Cavernous sinus disease. | Myasthenia gravis. | nan | d | Myasthenia gravis. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding light–near dissociation, all the following are false, except: | The reaction of the pupils is greater to light than accommodation. | May be seen in diabetes. | Is seen in Horner’s syndrome. | Is seen following administration of tropicamide drops. | nan | b | May be seen in diabetes. | General Ophthalmology |
A swollen disc may be caused by all the following, except: | Raised intraocular pressure. | Raised intracranial pressure. | Optic neuritis. | Systemic hypertension. | nan | a | Raised intraocular pressure. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding optic neuritis, all the following are false, except: | Is associated with a sudden loss of vision that does not progress. | Is painless. | May be part of a systemic neurological disease. | Vision rarely recovers. | nan | c | May be part of a systemic neurological disease. | General Ophthalmology |
In ischaemic optic neuropathy, all the following are true, except: | Presents with an acute loss of vision. | On examination the patient has a swollen disc. | May be associated with scalp tenderness and jaw claudication. | Should always be treated with steroids. | nan | d | Should always be treated with steroids. | General Ophthalmology |
Optic atrophy may be seen in all the following, except: | Some retinal diseases. | Compression of the optic nerve. | Diseases of the visual cortex. | Toxic eye disease. | nan | c | Diseases of the visual cortex. | General Ophthalmology |
All of the following statements are true, except: | In a non-paralytic strabismus the movement of the eyes is reduced. | In a non-paralytic strabismus the angle of deviation is unrelated to the direction of gaze. | In a paralytic strabismus, the eye movement is reduced. | Nystagmus refers to an oscillating movement of the eyes. | nan | a | In a non-paralytic strabismus the movement of the eyes is reduced. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding amblyopia, all the following are true, except: | Refers to a developmental reduction in visual acuity. | May be caused by Duane ’ s syndrome. | May be caused by a previously unidentified difference in refractive correction between the two eyes. | May be caused by a squint. | nan | b | May be caused by Duane ’ s syndrome. | General Ophthalmology |
Nerve palsies affecting the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves may be seen in all the following, except: | Orbital disease. | Raised intracranial pressure. | Ischemia of the cerebral cortex. | Systemic inflammatory disease. | nan | c | Ischemia of the cerebral cortex. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, all the following is true, except: | Is caused by a lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. | Manifests as a reduced adduction and contralateral nystagmus in the abducting eye. | Is manifested by a failure of the eye to elevate in adduction. | May be caused by demyelination. | nan | c | Is manifested by a failure of the eye to elevate in adduction. | General Ophthalmology |
Orbital injury may produce all the following signs, except: | Periorbital emphysema. | Limitation of eye movements. | Exophthalmos in the longer term. | A patch of anesthesia below the orbital rim. | nan | c | Exophthalmos in the longer term. | General Ophthalmology |
All the following regarding subconjunctival hemorrhage is false, except: | Is never associated with serious eye disease. | May cause blood to pass into the cornea. | Is usually associated with a reduced vision. | May be associated with some discomfort of the eye. | nan | d | May be associated with some discomfort of the eye. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding chemical eye injuries, all the following is true, except: | Acids cause more severe damage than alkalis. | Initial treatment requires copious irrigation of the eye with liters of water. | May be associated with a melt of the cornea. | May be treated with oral and topical vitamin C and tetracyclines. | nan | a | Acids cause more severe damage than alkalis. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding hyphema, all the following is true, except: | May be associated with a low intraocular pressure. | Is treated with restriction of activity. | If it recurs within a short time may result in more severe problems. | Is treated with steroid drops. | nan | a | May be associated with a low intraocular pressure. | General Ophthalmology |
In the developing world, all the following is false, except: | 60% of blindness is treatable. | 10% of blindness is treatable. | 60% is preventable. | 30% is preventable. | nan | a | 60% of blindness is treatable. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding Trachoma, all the following is true, except: | Affects more than 84 million people. | In some developing communities 60% of children have active disease. | Corneal scarring may result from cicatricial entropion. | Is treated with ivermectin. | nan | d | Is treated with ivermectin. | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding Onchocerciasis, all the following is true, except: | One hundred million people are at risk from the disease. | Is transmitted by the blackfly. | Does not affect the cornea. | Eye disease is caused by microfilariae. | nan | c | Does not affect the cornea. | General Ophthalmology |
Vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia), all the following is true, except: | Affects 140 million children. | The peak incidence for xerophthalmia is at age 10 – 15 years. | Bitot spots are a specific sign. | The severity of the disease is increased with concurrent measles infection. | nan | b | The peak incidence for xerophthalmia is at age 10 – 15 years. | General Ophthalmology |
All the following statements are true, except? | The orbit is pyramidal in shape | The medial orbital walls are parallel | The ethmoidal foramina lie along the fronto-ethmoidal suture | The optic canal lies above the level of the ethmoidal foramina | nan | d | The optic canal lies above the level of the ethmoidal foramina | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the paranasal sinuses, all the following are true, except? | Consist of four main pairs of sinuses | Are all present at term | May indent the lateral nasal wall | May include a small sinus in the palatine bone | nan | b | Are all present at term | General Ophthalmology |
All the following structures enter the jugular foramen, except? | Superior petrosal sinus | Sigmoid sinus | 9th cranial nerve | 10th cranial nerve | nan | a | Superior petrosal sinus | General Ophthalmology |
Emissary veins pass through all the following foramina, except? | Parietal foramen | Foramen lacerum | Foramen caecum | Foramen rotundum | nan | d | Foramen rotundum | General Ophthalmology |
Nerves pass through all the following bones, except? | Parietal | Occipital | Palatine | Maxilla | nan | a | Parietal | General Ophthalmology |
All the following transmit both neural and vascular structures, except? | Optic canal | Carotid canal | Jugular foramen | Cribriform Foramina | nan | d | Cribriform Foramina | General Ophthalmology |
All the following bones form part of the orbital margin, except? | Ethmoid | Lacrimal | Zygomatic | Maxilla | nan | a | Ethmoid | General Ophthalmology |
All the following statement regarding the orbital roof are true, except? | May be invaded by the ethmoid sinus | May contain part of the frontal sinus | Articulates with the ethmoid | Is partly formed by the greater wing of the sphenoid | nan | d | Is partly formed by the greater wing of the sphenoid | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the orbital floor, all the following are false, except? | Contains the pterygoid process of the palatine bone | Receives a contribution from the maxilla | Is easily damaged in 'blow-out' fractures as it is the thinnest orbital wall | Contains a groove that transmits a branch of the ophthalmic artery | nan | b | Receives a contribution from the maxilla | General Ophthalmology |
The medial orbital wall receives contributions from all the following, except? | Orbital plate of the ethmoid | Frontal bone | Lacrimal bone | Maxilla | nan | b | Frontal bone | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the lateral orbital wall, all the following are true, except? | Contains a fossa for the lacrimal gland | Forms part of the origin of lateral rectus | In part lies medial to the temporal lobe | Is closely related to the temporal fossa | nan | a | Contains a fossa for the lacrimal gland | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is true? | The lacrimal sac lies posterior to the lacrimal crest of the lacrimal bone | The aponeurosis of levator palpebrae superioris attaches to the marginal tubercle (of Whitnall) | The optic foramen lies at the orbital apex | The annulus of Zinn (common tendinous ring) bridges both orbital fissures | nan | b | The aponeurosis of levator palpebrae superioris attaches to the marginal tubercle (of Whitnall) | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the orbital periosteum (periorbita), all the following are true, except? | Is loosely attached to the orbital walls except at certain points | Forms the orbital septa | Forms the common tendinous ring | Anchors the trochlea 8 mm behind the orbital margin | nan | d | Anchors the trochlea 8 mm behind the orbital margin | General Ophthalmology |
The adult orbit of a female differs from that of a male. One of the following is true. | Less prominent supraciliary ridges | Smaller constituent bones | Its widest diameter posterior to the orbital rim | Some of the above-mentioned features occurring prior to Puberty | Skin of both eyelids | a | Less prominent supraciliary ridges | General Ophthalmology |
The lacrimal artery supplies all the following, except? | Skin of both eyelids | Lateral rectus | Inferior oblique | Conjunctiva | nan | c | Inferior oblique | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the cavernous sinus, one of the following is false. | The internal carotid artery runs through the sinus | 3rd cranial nerve passes medial to V1 | 6th cranial nerve lies medial to 3rd cranial nerve | Sympathetic fibres to the extraocular muscle paralyzed in Horner's syndrome do not cross this sinus | nan | d | Sympathetic fibres to the extraocular muscle paralyzed in Horner's syndrome do not cross this sinus | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the ciliary ganglion, one of the following is true? | Lies between the optic nerve and medial rectus | Is situated 2.5 cm from the orbital apex | Receives postganglionic fibres from its two non-sensory roots | Conveys sensation from some anterior chamber structures to the nasociliary nerve | nan | d | Conveys sensation from some anterior chamber structures to the nasociliary nerve | General Ophthalmology |
The following cross the superior orbital fissure above the common tendinous ring, except? | Superior ophthalmic vein | Frontal nerve | Upper division of 3rd cranial nerve | Parasympathetic fibres to the lacrimal gland | nan | c | Upper division of 3rd cranial nerve | General Ophthalmology |
The following structures frequently pass within the right common tendinous ring, except? | Ophthalmic artery | Inferior ophthalmic vein | Fibres from ipsilateral Edinger-Westphal nuclei | Fibres from the left main oculomotor (3rd cranial) nucleus | nan | b | Inferior ophthalmic vein | General Ophthalmology |
The inferior orbital fissure transmits all the following, except? | A vein communicating with the pterygoid venous plexus | Abducens (6th cranial) nerve | Infraorbital artery | Zygomatic nerve | nan | b | Abducens (6th cranial) nerve | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the ophthalmic artery, one of the following is true? | Is the first branch formed by the internal carotid | Lies lateral to the optic nerve in the orbit before crossing below it in 15% of cases | Has the external nasal and supratrochlear arteries as terminal branches | Is the sole arterial supply to the orbital contents | nan | b | Lies lateral to the optic nerve in the orbit before crossing below it in 15% of cases | General Ophthalmology |
Known variations in the ophthalmic artery include all the following, except? | Arising from a branch of the maxillary artery | Crossing either above or below the optic nerve | Not supplying the lacrima artery | Entering the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure | nan | d | Entering the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the lacrimal gland, one of the following is true? | Is a compound tubular gland | Continues draining if the palpebral portion is removed | Only contributes the middle layer of the tear film | Lies below the lesser wing of the sphenoid | nan | c | Only contributes the middle layer of the tear film | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the lacrimal drainage apparatus, one of the following is true? | The puncta are directed posteriorly | The upper punctum lies directly above the lower | The canaliculi initially run medially | The lacrimal sac lies in contact with the medial palpebral ligament | nan | a | The puncta are directed posteriorly | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is true? | The lacrimal fossa is just formed by the lacrimal bone | The angular vein passes 8 mm medial to the medial canthus | The nasolacrimal sac drains to the middle meatus | The nasolacrimal duct passes through two bones, to reach the nose | nan | b | The angular vein passes 8 mm medial to the medial canthus | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements regarding the eyelids is true? | The muscle of Riolan lies adjacent to the lid margin | Their main sensory nerves lie superficial to orbicularis oculi | Mueller's muscle is only present in the upper lid | The tarsal plates are made of cartilage | nan | a | The muscle of Riolan lies adjacent to the lid margin | General Ophthalmology |
The orbital septum is pierced by all the following structures, except? | Supratrochlear nerve | Infratrochlear nerve | Infraorbital vessels | Supraorbital vessels | nan | c | Infraorbital vessels | General Ophthalmology |
One of the following structures lie anterior to the grey line. | Glands of Wolfring | Glands of Moll | Meibomian glands | Crypts of Henle | nan | b | Glands of Moll | General Ophthalmology |
The skin of the eyelids is innervated by branches of all the following, except? | Nasociliary nerve | Zygomatic nerve | Frontal nerve | Maxillary nerve | nan | b | Zygomatic nerve | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding Orbicularis oculi, one of the following is false? | Inserts into the medial and lateral palpebral ligaments | Apposes the lower lid to the globe | Contains a lacrimal portion lies posterior to the lacrimal sac | Has ciliary and palpebral portions which are separated by the glands of Moll | nan | a | Inserts into the medial and lateral palpebral ligaments | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is true? | Corrugator supercilii is the only muscle to draw the eyebrows medially | The eyebrows drain to the parotid and submandibular lymph nodes | The superior palpebral sulcus is formed by orbicularis oculi | When blinking, the lids meet over the pupil | nan | b | The eyebrows drain to the parotid and submandibular lymph nodes | General Ophthalmology |
The conjunctiva is innervated by branches of all the following, except? | The ciliary ganglion | The nasociliary nerve | Three nerves which traverse the superior orbital fissure | A nerve innervating the cheek | nan | a | The ciliary ganglion | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is true? | The posterior conjunctival and anterior ciliary arteries anastomose 4 mm from the limbus | The conjunctival lymphatics drain to the lids | Equal numbers of lashes are present on each eyelid | The lashes are replaced after about 80 days | nan | b | The conjunctival lymphatics drain to the lids | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements about the conjunctiva is true? | The lower lid's conjunctiva is completely adherent to the tarsal plate | The lateral fornix ends anterior to the equator | The conjunctiva is continuous with the corneal epithelium | Goblet cells are localized to the forniceal and bulbar conjunctiva | nan | c | The conjunctiva is continuous with the corneal epithelium | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements regarding the precorneal tear film is true? | Mucin secreted by the tarsal glands prevents tears overflowing the lids | Secretions of conjunctival goblet cells stabilize the tear film | More than 80% of the tears pass through the lower puncta | Blinking causes compression of the lacrimal sac | nan | b | Secretions of conjunctival goblet cells stabilize the tear film | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding all the recti muscles, one of the following statements is false? | Are innervated on their conal surface by nerves that cross the superior orbital fissure | Have Tenon's capsule reflected around them | Have similar tendon lengths | nan | nan | c | Have similar tendon lengths | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is true? | The orbital visual axes are parallel | The common tendinous ring encircles part of both orbital fissures | Superior rectus is the largest extraocular muscle | Medial rectus inserts closest to the limbus | nan | d | Medial rectus inserts closest to the limbus | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the Lateral rectus muscle, one of the following is false? | Is stronger than its antagonist | Is supplied by the lacrima artery | Is related superiorly to the lacrimal nerve | At the orbital apex has 6th cranial nerve lying between it and the optic nerve | nan | a | Is stronger than its antagonist | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the Superior oblique muscle, one of the following is false? | Arises from the body of the sphenoid superomedial to the optic foramen | Acts at a similar angle to that of inferior oblique | Acts in the primary position to depress, abduct and extort the globe | When the globe is adducted 54°, it acts as a pure depressor | nan | c | Acts in the primary position to depress, abduct and extort the globe | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the Inferior oblique muscle, one of the following is false? | Arises from the maxilla | Passes superior to inferior rectus | Is supplied by the division of III that conveys parasympathetic fibres | Extorts the globe | nan | b | Passes superior to inferior rectus | General Ophthalmology |
Surgery to inferior oblique could damage all the following, except? | Optic nerve | Inferonasal vortex vein | Ciliary ganglion | Fovea | nan | b | Inferonasal vortex vein | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements is false? | Superior rectus elevates the globe maximally with the eye abducted | Inferior oblique elevates the globe maximally with the eye adducted | None of the extraocular muscles has non-bony origins | Orbital fat extends from the orbital apex to the orbital septum | nan | c | None of the extraocular muscles has non-bony origins | General Ophthalmology |
Some of the following muscles are involved in looking at the end of one's nose, except? | Ciliary muscles | Superior obliques | Left inferior oblique | Right and left medial recti | nan | c | Left inferior oblique | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements about the four recti is true? | Medial rectus has the shortest tendon | Inferior rectus inserts furthest from the limbus | Lateral rectus has the broadest tendon | Medial rectus has the longest tendon | nan | a | Medial rectus has the shortest tendon | General Ophthalmology |
Regarding the optic nerve, one of the following is true? | Is approximately 2 cm long | Is pierced inferomedially by the central retinal artery and vein | Is covered by dura intracranially | Contains about 1.2 million third-order neuron axons | nan | b | Is pierced inferomedially by the central retinal artery and vein | General Ophthalmology |
Which of the following statements regarding the optic nerve is false? | The posterior ciliary arteries supply the intraocular portion | The intraorbital portion receives a supply from the central retinal artery | The intracanalicular portion is supplied by a plexus derived from the ophthalmic artery | The optic disc's diameter is approximately 3 mm | nan | d | The optic disc's diameter is approximately 3 mm | General Ophthalmology |
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