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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Poxviruses subvert the host immune response by producing immunomodulatory proteins , including a complement regulatory protein . Ectromelia virus provides a mouse model for smallpox where the virus and the host's immune response have co-evolved . Using this model , our study investigated the role of the complement syst... | As one of the most successful pathogens ever , smallpox caused death and disfigurement worldwide until its eradication in the 1970s . The complement system , an essential part of the innate immune response , protects against many pathogens; however , its role during smallpox infection is unclear . In this study , we in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infect... | 2008 | Surviving Mousepox Infection Requires the Complement System |
Errors in protein synthesis , so-called phenotypic mutations , are orders-of-magnitude more frequent than genetic mutations . Here , we provide direct evidence that alternative protein forms and phenotypic variability derived from translational errors paved the path to genetic , evolutionary adaptations via gene duplic... | The rarity of genetic mutations limits the likelihood of adaptation . However , transcriptional and translational errors , so-called phenotypic mutations , are >105-fold more frequent , thus generating protein mutants from unmodified genes . We provide the first evidence that phenotypic mutations paved the path to what... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Evolutionary Potential of Phenotypic Mutations |
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori can cause peptic ulcer disease , gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma . The cell-surface mucin MUC1 is a large glycoprotein which is highly expressed on the mucosal surface and limits the density of H . pylori in a murine infection model . We now demonstrate that by using the BabA ... | The bacterium Helicobacter pylori can cause peptic ulcer disease , gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma . H . pylori colonize the mucosal surface of the stomach , where adherence helps the bacteria to remain in the neutral and protected niche under the mucus layer , and helps it withstand the continuous mucus washi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/gastrointestinal",
"cancers",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/gastrointestinal",
"infections",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"diseases/gastrointestinal",
"infe... | 2009 | MUC1 Limits Helicobacter pylori Infection both by Steric Hindrance and by Acting as a Releasable Decoy |
Glial cells surround neuronal endings to create enclosed compartments required for neuronal function . This architecture is seen at excitatory synapses and at sensory neuron receptive endings . Despite the prevalence and importance of these compartments , how they form is not known . We used the main sensory organ of C... | The nervous system of most animals consists of two related cell types , neurons and glia . A striking property of glia is their ability to ensheath neuronal cells , which can help increase the efficiency of synaptic communication between neurons . Sensory neuron receptive endings in the periphery , as well as excitator... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"sensory",
"systems",
"morphogenesis",
"neuroscience"
] | 2011 | Opposing Activities of LIT-1/NLK and DAF-6/Patched-Related Direct Sensory Compartment Morphogenesis in C. elegans |
Replication Protein A ( RPA ) , the major single stranded DNA binding protein in eukaryotes , is composed of three subunits and is a fundamental player in DNA metabolism , participating in replication , transcription , repair , and the DNA damage response . In human pathogenic trypanosomatids , only limited studies hav... | Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease . During its life cycle , this parasite alternates between proliferative/non-infective forms and forms that are infective but not able to proliferate . Some stressors , such as acidic pH and starvation , trigger the transition from one form to another; howeve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ustilago",
"maydis",
"crystal",
"structure",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"dna",
"damage",
"developmental",
"biology",
"fungi",
"model",
... | 2016 | Replication Protein A Presents Canonical Functions and Is Also Involved in the Differentiation Capacity of Trypanosoma cruzi |
Cutaneous beta-papillomaviruses are associated with non-melanoma skin cancers that arise in patients who suffer from a rare genetic disorder , Epidermodysplasia verruciformis ( EV ) or after immunosuppression following organ transplantation . Recent studies have shown that the E6 proteins of the cancer associated beta ... | The lack of a genetically tractable small animal model to study viral infection and pathogenesis has significantly hindered papillomavirus research . The recent discovery of Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 ( MmuPV1 ) , which can replicate and form skin warts and cancers in experimentally infected laboratory mouse strains... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"urology",
"keratinocytes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"notch",
"signaling",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"oncology",
"signal",
"inhibition",
"immunoprecipitation",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"research",
"and",
"analysis"... | 2017 | Cutaneous HPV8 and MmuPV1 E6 Proteins Target the NOTCH and TGF-β Tumor Suppressors to Inhibit Differentiation and Sustain Keratinocyte Proliferation |
Since 2009 , Fundación Mundo Sano has implemented an Aedes aegypti Surveillance and Control Program in Tartagal city ( Salta Province , Argentina ) . The purpose of this study was to analyze temporal dynamics of Ae . aegypti breeding sites spatial distribution , during five years of samplings , and the effect of contro... | As reported in Porcasi et al . , in Argentina we are working on an integrated risk stratification system based in geospatial technologies that have moderately consolidated national scale , but need more understanding of its urban scale mechanisms . In this work , relevant results are shown on how Ae . aegypti breeding ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"demography",
"geographical",
"locations",
"argentina",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"animal",
"behavior",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",
"vectors",
"zoology",
"housing",
"human",
"geography",
... | 2016 | Temporal Dynamics and Spatial Patterns of Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites, in the Context of a Dengue Control Program in Tartagal (Salta Province, Argentina) |
Trichinellosis is a typical food-borne zoonotic disease which is epidemic worldwide and the nematode Trichinella spiralis is the main pathogen . The life cycle of T . spiralis contains three developmental stages , i . e . adult worms , new borne larva ( new borne L1 larva ) and muscular larva ( infective L1 larva ) . S... | Trichinellosis of human and other mammals was caused through the ingestion of the parasite Trichinella sparilis in contaminated meat . It is a typical zoonotic disease that affects more than 10 million people world-wide . Parasites of the genus Trichinella are unique intracellular pathogens . Adult Trichinella parasite... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonotic",
"diseases",
"trichinellosis",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science",
"foodborne",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Global Gene Expression Analysis of the Zoonotic Parasite Trichinella spiralis Revealed Novel Genes in Host Parasite Interaction |
Scrub typhus is a vector-borne zoonotic disease that can be life-threatening . There are no licensed vaccines , or vector control efforts in place . Despite increasing awareness in endemic regions , the public health burden and global distribution of scrub typhus remains poorly known . We systematically reviewed all li... | Scrub typhus is a mite-transmitted infectious disease that can be life-threatening . Diagnosing this disease is difficult , requiring special techniques that are often not readily available . As the actual impact of scrub typhus on the population and its geographical distribution remains unknown , we searched systemati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"typhus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"research",
"design",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"case"... | 2017 | Estimating the burden of scrub typhus: A systematic review |
Natural sounds convey perceptually relevant information over multiple timescales , and the necessary extraction of multi-timescale information requires the auditory system to work over distinct ranges . The simplest hypothesis suggests that temporal modulations are encoded in an equivalent manner within a reasonable in... | Correctly perceiving behaviorally significant sounds—speech , music , and the acoustic environment—requires integrating acoustic information over time to extract relevant regularities . A fundamental question about this process is: How does the auditory brain integrate information of continuously varying sounds , typic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"acoustics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"linguistics",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"signal",
"processing",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"brain",
"mapping",
"neuroimaging",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sensory",
"physiology",
... | 2017 | Concurrent temporal channels for auditory processing: Oscillatory neural entrainment reveals segregation of function at different scales |
Elongator is a conserved protein complex comprising six different polypeptides that has been ascribed a wide range of functions , but which is now known to be required for modification of uridine residues in the wobble position of a subset of tRNAs in yeast , plants , worms and mammals . In previous work , we showed th... | tRNA molecules function as adapters in protein synthesis , bringing amino acids to the ribosome and reading the genetic code through codon-anticodon base pairing . When the tRNA contains a uridine residue in the “wobble position” of its anticodon , which base-pairs with purine residues in the third position of a cognat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"transfer",
"rna",
"spectrometric",
"identification",
"of",
"proteins",
"molecular",
"complexes",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"nucleotides",
"anticodons",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"genetics",
"proteins",
"proteomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"uridi... | 2015 | Phosphorylation of Elp1 by Hrr25 Is Required for Elongator-Dependent tRNA Modification in Yeast |
Plasmodium vivax malaria has a wide geographic distribution and poses challenges to malaria elimination that are likely to be greater than those of P . falciparum . Diagnostic tools for P . vivax infection in non-reference laboratory settings are limited to microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests but these are unreliable... | Plasmodium vivax has a worldwide distribution and is the second most common causative agent of human malaria . The dormant liver stage of P . vivax allows the infection to recur unless diagnosed and treated appropriately , which poses a significant challenge to the goals of malaria elimination and eradication as outlin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"plasmodium",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"laboratory",
"equipment",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"parasitemia",
"organi... | 2016 | Sensitive Detection of Plasmodium vivax Using a High-Throughput, Colourimetric Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (HtLAMP) Platform: A Potential Novel Tool for Malaria Elimination |
ChIP-based genome-wide assays of transcription factor ( TF ) occupancy have emerged as a powerful , high-throughput method to understand transcriptional regulation , especially on a global scale . This has led to great interest in the underlying biochemical mechanisms that direct TF-DNA binding , with the ultimate goal... | Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ( ChIP ) -based genome-wide assays of transcription factor ( TF ) occupancy have emerged as a powerful , high throughput method to understand transcriptional regulation , especially on a global scale . Here , we utilize 45 ChIP-chip and ChIP-SEQ data sets from Drosophila to explore the und... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequence",
"analysis",
"systems",
"biology",
"functional",
"genomics",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"regulatory",
"networks",
"biology",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Computational Identification of Diverse Mechanisms Underlying Transcription Factor-DNA Occupancy |
Gene expression is generally regulated by recruitment of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II ( RNAP II ) to specific sequences in the gene promoter region . The Integrator complex mediates processing of small nuclear RNAs ( snRNAs ) as well as the initiation and release of paused RNAP II at specific genes in re... | The gene transcription profile determines the developmental state of an organism . During embryogenesis , aging , starvation or any lifecycle stage , organisms express specific sets of genes that must be turned off at other stages to maintain the correct metabolic and differentiated state of the cells . Mutations that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"rna",
"interference",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"electronics",
"caenorhabditis",
"gene",
"regulation",
"integrators",
"animals",
"dna",
"transcription",
"small",
"nuclear",
"rna",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organ... | 2019 | Disruption of the Caenorhabditis elegans Integrator complex triggers a non-conventional transcriptional mechanism beyond snRNA genes |
Between August 2012 and April 2013 the Career Development Fellowship programme of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases ( World Health Organization ) underwent an external evaluation to assess its past performance and determine recommendations for future programme development and continuo... | The asymmetry of research training between high and low and middle income countries ( LMICs ) and the resulting need for research capacity strengthening ( RCS ) in under-resourced regions has long been established . In 1999 , the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , through the Special Programme for Research and Trainin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"graduates",
"employment",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"alumni",
"social",
"sciences",
"careers",
"research",
"design",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"global",
"health",
"surveys",
"pharmacology",
"educational",
"status",
"medical",
"ethics",
"science",
"and",
... | 2016 | Research Capacity Strengthening in Low and Middle Income Countries – An Evaluation of the WHO/TDR Career Development Fellowship Programme |
The Drosophila testis is a well-established system for studying stem cell self-renewal and competition . In this tissue , the niche supports two stem cell populations , germ line stem cells ( GSCs ) , which give rise to sperm , and somatic stem cells called cyst stem cells ( CySCs ) , which support GSCs and their desce... | Niches are specialized local environments that support stem cell self-renewal through the local production of short-range signals . In many tissues , resident stem cells compete with each other for niche access . Stem cells that receive multiple self-renewal cues have to integrate these discrete signals to prevent exce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"rna",
"interference",
"cloning",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"animal",
"signaling",
"and",
"communication",
"developmental",
"biology",
"animal",
"behavior",
"stem",
"cells",
"molecular",
"biology",
"tec... | 2016 | Socs36E Controls Niche Competition by Repressing MAPK Signaling in the Drosophila Testis |
It is estimated that a large proportion of amino acid substitutions in Drosophila have been fixed by natural selection , and as organisms are faced with an ever-changing array of pathogens and parasites to which they must adapt , we have investigated the role of parasite-mediated selection as a likely cause . To quanti... | All organisms are attacked by an ever-changing array of pathogens and parasites , and it is widely supposed that the ensuing host–parasite “arms race” must drive extensive adaptive evolution in genes of the immune system . Here we have taken advantage of new sequencing technologies and analytical approaches to quantify... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2009 | Quantifying Adaptive Evolution in the Drosophila Immune System |
West Nile virus ( WNV ) , a zoonotic pathogen naturally transmitted by mosquitoes whose natural hosts are birds , has spread worldwide during the last few decades . Resident birds play an important role in flavivirus epidemiology , since they can serve as reservoirs and facilitate overwintering of the virus . Herein , ... | Birds play an important role in the epidemiology of flaviviruses such as West Nile virus ( WNV ) since birds are natural hosts and facilitate hibernation of the virus in periods of absence of mosquitoes that transmit the virus . Since it has been proposed that magpies play an important role in an endemic WNV cycle in h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"feathers",
"viruses",
"animal",
"anatomy",
"r... | 2018 | High susceptibility of magpie (Pica pica) to experimental infection with lineage 1 and 2 West Nile virus |
Detection and sequencing of chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) genome was performed using a combination of a modified reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification ( RT-LAMP ) method and a MinION sequencer . We developed the protocol for drying all the reagents for the RT-LAMP in a single reaction tube . Using ... | Chikungunya virus has re-emerged as an important pathogen causing several outbreaks in the world . As the clinical symptoms of chikungunya is similar to other mosquito-borne febrile diseases , the definitive diagnosis of the disease is based on the detection of viral genome from the patient blood . Loop-mediated isothe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"alphaviruses",
"viruses",
"rna",
"amplification",
"chikungunya",
"viru... | 2019 | Field diagnosis and genotyping of chikungunya virus using a dried reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and MinION sequencing |
Cell cycle control must be modified at meiosis to allow two divisions to follow a single round of DNA replication , resulting in ploidy reduction . The mechanisms that ensure meiosis termination at the end of the second and not at the end of first division are poorly understood . We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana ... | Meiosis is a fundamental process for sexually reproducing organisms that creates genetic diversity within populations . A key feature of meiosis is the reduction of the number of chromosomes , from two sets to one set , prior to fertilization . This reduction in chromosome number is due to two cell divisions following ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"meiosis",
"biochemistry",
"peptides",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"proteins",
"post-translational",
"modification",
"anaphase",
"metaphase",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cell",
"pr... | 2016 | TDM1 Regulation Determines the Number of Meiotic Divisions |
A fundamental property of cell populations is their growth rate as well as the time needed for cell division and its variance . The eukaryotic cell cycle progresses in an ordered sequence through the phases and and is regulated by environmental cues and by intracellular checkpoints . Reflecting this regulatory complexi... | Among the important characteristics of dividing cell populations is the time necessary for cells to complete each of the cell cycle phases , that is , to increase the cell's mass , to duplicate and repair its genome , to properly segregate its chromosomes , and to make decisions whether to continue dividing or enter a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"flow",
"cytometry",
"systems",
"biology",
"cytophotometry",
"cell",
"biology",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cell",
"processes",
"cytometry",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"computational... | 2014 | Quantifying the Length and Variance of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Phases by a Stochastic Model and Dual Nucleoside Pulse Labelling |
The Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) nuclear proteins EBNA3A , EBNA3B , and EBNA3C interact with the cell DNA binding protein RBPJ and regulate cell and viral genes . Repression of the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene products p16INK4A and p14ARF by EBNA3A and EBNA3C is critical for EBV mediated transformation of resting B lymph... | Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is a gammaherpesvirus implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple malignancies , including Burkitt lymphoma , Hodgkin lymphoma , post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease ( PTLD ) , nasopharyngeal carcinoma , and gastric carcinoma . EBV infection of resting B-lymphocytes drives them to proli... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The EBNA3 Family of Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Proteins Associates with the USP46/USP12 Deubiquitination Complexes to Regulate Lymphoblastoid Cell Line Growth |
Orientia tsutsugamushi is an intracellular α-proteobacterium which resides in trombiculid mites , and is the causative agent of scrub typhus in East Asia . The genome sequence of this species has revealed an unprecedented number of repeat sequences , most notably of the genes encoding the conjugative properties of a ty... | Scrub typhus , the rickettsial infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi , is endemic across the Asia Pacific region . The bacterium is transmitted by the bite of larval stages of trombiculid mites ( “chiggers”; Leptotrombidium spp . ) , which more typically feed on small ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | High Rates of Homologous Recombination in the Mite Endosymbiont and Opportunistic Human Pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi |
When planning a series of actions , it is usually infeasible to consider all potential future sequences; instead , one must prune the decision tree . Provably optimal pruning is , however , still computationally ruinous and the specific approximations humans employ remain unknown . We designed a new sequential reinforc... | Planning is tricky because choices we make now affect future choices , and future choices and outcomes should guide current choices . Because there are exponentially many combinations of future choices and actions , brute-force approaches that consider all possible combinations work only for trivially small problems . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2012 | Bonsai Trees in Your Head: How the Pavlovian System Sculpts Goal-Directed Choices by Pruning Decision Trees |
Since the first recorded epidemic of syphilis in 1495 , controversy has surrounded the origins of the bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp . pallidum and its relationship to the pathogens responsible for the other treponemal diseases: yaws , endemic syphilis , and pinta . Some researchers have argued that the syphilis-ca... | For 500 years , controversy has raged around the origin of T . pallidum subsp . pallidum , the bacterium responsible for syphilis . Did Christopher Columbus and his men introduce this pathogen into Renaissance Europe , after contracting it during their voyage to the New World ? Or does syphilis have a much older histor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"infectious",
"diseases/sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"and",
"comparative",
"genetics",
... | 2008 | On the Origin of the Treponematoses: A Phylogenetic Approach |
Anthelmintic resistance is a major problem for the control of parasitic nematodes of livestock and of growing concern for human parasite control . However , there is little understanding of how resistance arises and spreads or of the “genetic signature” of selection for this group of important pathogens . We have inves... | Parasitic nematodes ( roundworms ) are major causes of disease in both domestic animals and humans . Strategic treatments with anthelmintic drugs have been used to control livestock parasites for several decades resulting in widespread drug resistance . Drug treatments have , until recently , been applied at a relative... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Emergence of Resistance to the Benzimidazole Anthlemintics in Parasitic Nematodes of Livestock Is Characterised by Multiple Independent Hard and Soft Selective Sweeps |
African trypanosomes are mammalian pathogens that must regularly change their protein coat to survive in the host bloodstream . Chronic trypanosome infections are potentiated by their ability to access a deep genomic repertoire of Variant Surface Glycoprotein ( VSG ) genes and switch from the expression of one VSG to a... | Chromosomal translocations can fuel genetic change or cause catastrophic genomic damage . African trypanosomes , exemplified by Trypanosoma brucei sub-species , are unicellular parasites that can chronically infect their human and livestock hosts by using a strategy of antigenic variation by which they repeatedly chang... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"cloning",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"protozoans",
"archives",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"dna",
"dna",
"recombination",
"gene",
"... | 2016 | A Conserved DNA Repeat Promotes Selection of a Diverse Repertoire of Trypanosoma brucei Surface Antigens from the Genomic Archive |
T-killer cells of the immune system eliminate virus-infected and tumorous cells through direct cell–cell interactions . Reorientation of the killing apparatus inside the T cell to the T-cell interface with the target cell ensures specificity of the immune response . The killing apparatus can also oscillate next to the ... | Beyond the more widely known molecular recognition of antigen , specificity of the cellular immune response relies on the precise orientation of immune cells toward infected and tumorous cells . We studied the mechanics of the structural orientation of T-killer cells ( a type of immune cells ) to their immunological ta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"immunology",
"computational",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cytoskeleton"
] | 2009 | Deterministic Mechanical Model of T-Killer Cell Polarization
Reproduces the Wandering of Aim between Simultaneously Engaged Targets |
In chronic infections , pathogens are often in the presence of other microbial species . For example , Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common and detrimental lung pathogen in individuals with cystic fibrosis ( CF ) and co-infections with Candida albicans are common . Here , we show that P . aeruginosa biofilm formation and... | In many human infections , several species of microbes are often present . This is typically the case with the disease cystic fibrosis , characterized by thick mucus in the lungs that is colonized by bacteria and fungi . Here , we show evidence that interactions between the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fung... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"mycology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Candida albicans Ethanol Stimulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa WspR-Controlled Biofilm Formation as Part of a Cyclic Relationship Involving Phenazines |
The genetic dissection of the phenotypes associated with Williams-Beuren Syndrome ( WBS ) is advancing thanks to the study of individuals carrying typical or atypical structural rearrangements , as well as in vitro and animal studies . However , little is known about the global dysregulations caused by the WBS deletion... | A fundamental question in current biomedical research is to establish a link between genomic variation and phenotypic differences , which encompasses both the seemingly neutral diversity , as well as the pathological variation that causes or predisposes to disease . Once the primary genetic cause ( s ) of a disease or ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
... | 2011 | Using Transcription Modules to Identify Expression Clusters Perturbed in Williams-Beuren Syndrome |
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( EHEC ) , particularly serotype O157:H7 , causes hemorrhagic colitis , hemolytic uremic syndrome , and even death . In vitro studies showed that Shiga toxin 2 ( Stx2 ) , the primary virulence factor expressed by EDL933 ( an O157:H7 strain ) , is encoded by the 933W prophage . And the... | Infection with Enterohemorrhagic E . coli ( EHEC ) , and more recently with the Enteroaggregative E . coli strain O104:H4 , is a significant health risk , causing bloody diarrhea , kidney failure , and even death . The virulence factor in these bacteria responsible for the severe outcomes is Shiga toxin ( Stx ) . Genes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Prophage Induction Is Enhanced and Required for Renal Disease and Lethality in an EHEC Mouse Model |
Epigenetic changes are widely considered to play an important role in aging , but experimental evidence to support this hypothesis has been scarce . We have used array-based analysis to determine genome-scale DNA methylation patterns from human skin samples and to investigate the effects of aging , chronic sun exposure... | Although a role of epigenetic mechanisms in aging and in the adaptation to environmental exposures has been widely assumed , research in this area has been hampered by major methodological challenges . We have now used a novel platform for genome-scale methylation analysis to determine the methylation patterns of human... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"dermatology/photodermatology",
"and",
"skin",
"aging",
"developmental",
"biology/aging",
"molecular",
"biology/dna",
"methylation"
] | 2010 | Aging and Chronic Sun Exposure Cause Distinct Epigenetic Changes in Human Skin |
Leptospirosis is a major cause of febrile illness in Africa but little is known about risk factors for human infection . We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate risk factors for acute leptospirosis and Leptospira seropositivity among patients with fever attending referral hospitals in northern Tanzania . We... | Leptospirosis is an under-recognized but important cause of febrile illness and death in Africa . The bacteria that cause leptospirosis have their usual life cycle in animals; humans are infected as accidental hosts . There is considerable variation between countries as to which reservoir animals and human activities a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"surface",
"water",
"leptospira",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"urine",
"bacte... | 2018 | Risk factors for human acute leptospirosis in northern Tanzania |
HIV-1 is dependent on the host cell for providing the metabolic resources for completion of its viral replication cycle . Thus , HIV-1 replicates efficiently only in activated CD4+ T cells . Barriers preventing HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ T cells include a block that limits reverse transcription and also the lack... | HIV-1 is controlled by host restriction factors that interfere with its life cycle . However , the virus has equipped itself to counter these strategies . We report a new interplay between HIV-1 and human T lymphocytes through the FOXO1 transcription factor . By using AS1842856 , a drug targeting FOXO1 , we found that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiolo... | 2019 | FOXO1 transcription factor plays a key role in T cell—HIV-1 interaction |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified chromosomal loci that affect risk of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) independent of classical risk factors . One such association signal has been identified at 6q23 . 2 in both Caucasians and East Asians . The lead CHD-associated polymorphism in this region , rs12... | Both genetic and environmental factors cumulatively contribute to coronary heart disease risk in human populations . Large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies have now leveraged common genetic variation to identify multiple sites of disease susceptibility; however , the causal mechanisms for these as... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"coronary",
"artery",
"disease",
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"functional",
"genomics",
"rna",
"interference",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"rna",
"stability",
"gene",
"function",
"genome",
"analysis",
"atherosclerosis"... | 2014 | Coronary Heart Disease-Associated Variation in TCF21 Disrupts a miR-224 Binding Site and miRNA-Mediated Regulation |
Many infections can be transmitted between animals and humans . The epidemiological roles of different species can vary from important reservoirs to dead-end hosts . Here , we present a method to identify transmission cycles in different combinations of species from field data . We used this method to synthesise epidem... | Gambiense sleeping sickness is a disease transmitted by tsetse flies that mostly affects rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa . Although the parasite that causes the disease can be found in many different wild and domestic animal species , the disease has often been claimed to be maintained mostly by humans . Curren... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"population",
"modeling",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"zoonotic",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"parasitic",
"dis... | 2013 | Identifying Transmission Cycles at the Human-Animal Interface: The Role of Animal Reservoirs in Maintaining Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis |
Sequencing family DNA samples provides an attractive alternative to population based designs to identify rare variants associated with human disease due to the enrichment of causal variants in pedigrees . Previous studies showed that genotype calling accuracy can be improved by modeling family relatedness compared to s... | To identify disease variants that occur less frequently in population , sequencing families in which multiple individuals are affected is more powerful due to the enrichment of causal variants . An important step in such studies is to infer individual genotypes from sequencing data . Existing methods do not utilize ful... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Leveraging Identity-by-Descent for Accurate Genotype Inference in Family Sequencing Data |
Faithful DNA replication with correct termination is essential for genome stability and transmission of genetic information . Here we have investigated the potential roles of Topoisomerase II ( Top2 ) and the RecQ helicase Sgs1 during late stages of replication . We find that cells lacking Top2 and Sgs1 ( or Top3 ) dis... | Replication termination is the final step of the replication process , where the two replication forks converge and finally merge to form fully replicated sister chromatids . During this process topological strain in the form of DNA overwinding is generated between forks , and if not removed this strain will inhibit re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Top2 and Sgs1-Top3 Act Redundantly to Ensure rDNA Replication Termination |
Substantial experimental evidence suggests the cerebellum is involved in calibrating sensorimotor maps . Consistent with this involvement is the well-known , but little understood , massive cerebellar projection to maps in the superior colliculus . Map calibration would be a significant new role for the cerebellum give... | The human brain contains a structure known as the cerebellum , which contains a vast number of neurons–around 80% of the total ~90 billion . We believe the cerebellum is involved in learning motor skills , and so is vitally important for accurately controlling the movements of our body , amongst other things . However ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"nervous",
"system",
"signal",
"processing",
"topographic",
"maps",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"signal",
"filte... | 2019 | Sensorimotor maps can be dynamically calibrated using an adaptive-filter model of the cerebellum |
The phenotypic effect of some single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) depends on their parental origin . We present a novel approach to detect parent-of-origin effects ( POEs ) in genome-wide genotype data of unrelated individuals . The method exploits increased phenotypic variance in the heterozygous genotype group r... | Large genetic association studies have revealed many genetic factors influencing common traits , such as body mass index ( BMI ) . These studies assume that the effect of genetic variants is the same regardless of whether they are inherited from the mother or the father . In our study , we have developed a new approach... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"developmental",
"biology",
"genomics",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome",
"analysis",
"genomic",
"imprinting",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"biostatistics",
"phys... | 2014 | Novel Approach Identifies SNPs in SLC2A10 and KCNK9 with Evidence for Parent-of-Origin Effect on Body Mass Index |
Chromoblastomycosis ( CBM ) is a difficult-to-treat chronic subcutaneous mycosis . In Brazil , the main agent of this disease is Fonsecaea pedrosoi , which is phenotypically very similar to other Fonsecaea species , differing only genetically . The correct species identification is relevant since different species may ... | Chromoblastomycosis is a disfiguring disease usually occurring in rural workers from poor and remote communities . In Brazil , the most frequent agents of this neglected disease are the species belonging to the genus Fonsecaea . The disease occurs after traumatic inoculation during work . As the lesions progress , itch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"antifungals",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"fungi",
"signs",
"and",
"s... | 2018 | Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of clinical strains of Fonsecaea spp. isolated from patients with chromoblastomycosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
Striped skunks are one of the most important terrestrial reservoirs of rabies virus in North America , and yet the prevalence of rabies among this host is only passively monitored and the disease among this host remains largely unmanaged . Oral vaccination campaigns have not efficiently targeted striped skunks , while ... | Despite the long recognition that skunks are an important reservoir host for rabies , the control of this disease among this host has not been achieved , and the disease is currently only passively monitored in North America . The need for rabies control among striped skunks is , however , well acknowledged , and repor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"domestic",
"animals",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"... | 2016 | Bayesian Spatiotemporal Pattern and Eco-climatological Drivers of Striped Skunk Rabies in the North Central Plains |
Metabolic changes within the cell and its niche affect cell fate and are involved in many diseases and disorders including cancer and viral infections . Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma ( KS ) . KSHV latently infected cells express only a subset of viral gene... | The metabolic state within a cell and its local environment is altered in many diseases and disorders including those caused by viral infections . The gamma-herpesviruses Kaposi’s Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is a viral agent associated with a large number of human malignancies . KSHV was shown to manipulate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"metabolic",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"cell",
"metabolism",
"glycolysis",
"viruses",
"physiological",
"processes... | 2017 | Herpesviruses shape tumour microenvironment through exosomal transfer of viral microRNAs |
Mammalian circadian rhythm is established by the negative feedback loops consisting of a set of clock genes , which lead to the circadian expression of thousands of downstream genes in vivo . As genome-wide transcription is organized under the high-order chromosome structure , it is largely uncharted how circadian gene... | Circadian rhythm regulates daily oscillations of many physiological processes in a wide range of organisms . In mammals , circadian rhythm drives the cycling expression of thousands of downstream genes . The temporal control of transcription takes place under high-order chromosome structure , which is established by lo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"circadian",
"rhythms",
"dna",
"transcription",
"proteins",
"transcription",
"factors",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"chronobiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genomics",
"dna-binding",
"prot... | 2016 | Long-Range Chromosome Interactions Mediated by Cohesin Shape Circadian Gene Expression |
This paper discusses the presence of Aedes aegypti pupae in different types of containers considering: volume , pH of the container , among other variables . A nonlinear method for selection was applied , based on Mutual Information , by placing in order of importance the most appropriate variables for identifying cont... | The authors discuss a nonlinear method , based on Mutual Information , for selection of the presence of Aedes aegypti pupae in different breeding sites . The authors compare this method with the logistic regression model . In this study , using the Neural Network model , the variables that better discriminate the conta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"water",
"resources",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"neural",
"networks",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"alpha... | 2018 | Classification of containers with Aedes aegypti pupae using a Neural Networks model |
Accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis relies on the prior establishment of at least one crossover recombination event between homologous chromosomes . Most meiotic recombination intermediates that give rise to interhomolog crossovers are embedded within a hallmark chromosomal structure called the synaptonemal ... | Reproductive cell formation relies on a nuclear division cycle called meiosis , wherein two homologous sets of chromosomes are reduced to one . At the crux of ( and critically required for ) meiotic chromosome segregation is a transient association between homologous chromosomes established by a crossover recombination... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"meiotic",
"prophase",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"sumoylation",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"protein",
"structure",
"dna",
"homologous",
"recombination",
"research",
"and",
"an... | 2019 | Crossover recombination and synapsis are linked by adjacent regions within the N terminus of the Zip1 synaptonemal complex protein |
As part of on-going efforts to control hookworm infection , the “human hookworm vaccine initiative” has recognised blood feeding as a feasible therapeutic target for inducing immunity against hookworm infection . To this end , molecular approaches have been used to identify candidate targets , such as Necator americanu... | Hookworm infections ( Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale ) represent a major neglected tropical disease affecting approximately 450 million people worldwide and causing morbidity due to their need to feed on host blood resulting in severe anemia . New chemotherapy and vaccines are needed to combat hookworm inf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"helminths",
"hookworms",
"pigments",
"animals",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"toxicology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"materials",
"science",
"digestive... | 2018 | A novel blood-feeding detoxification pathway in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis L3 reveals a potential checkpoint for arresting hookworm development |
Predicting the effects of mutations on the kinetic rate constants of protein-protein interactions is central to both the modeling of complex diseases and the design of effective peptide drug inhibitors . However , while most studies have concentrated on the determination of association rate constants , dissociation rat... | Within a cell , protein-protein interactions vary considerably in their degree of stickiness . Mutations at protein interfaces can alter the interaction between protein pairs , causing them to dissociate faster or slower . This may lead to an alteration in the dynamics of the cellular networks in which these proteins a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Characterizing Changes in the Rate of Protein-Protein Dissociation upon Interface Mutation Using Hotspot Energy and Organization |
Here , we investigated intrinsic spinal cord mechanisms underlying the physiological requirement for autonomic and somatic motor system coupling . Using an in vitro spinal cord preparation from newborn rat , we demonstrate that the specific activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors ( mAchRs ) ( with oxotremorine )... | Physical movements require mobilization of animals’ autonomic nervous system , in order to maintain stable bodily functions while matching the increasing physiological demand . These autonomic responses rely on a coupling between the sympathetic and somatic nervous systems , although how this coupling occurs remains un... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"serotonin",
"muscarinic",
"acetylcholine",
"receptors",
"neurotransmitters",
"spina... | 2018 | Cholinergic-mediated coordination of rhythmic sympathetic and motor activities in the newborn rat spinal cord |
Acquisition of adaptive mutations is essential for microbial persistence during chronic infections . This is particularly evident during chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis ( CF ) patients . Thus far , mutagenesis has been attributed to the generation of reactive species by polymorphonucle... | Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs ) are produced by the mammalian immune system to fight invading pathogens . The best understood function of AMPs is to interact with the membranes of microbes , thereby disrupting and killing cells . However , the amount of AMP available during chronic bacterial infections may not be suffi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Promote Microbial Mutagenesis and Pathoadaptation in Chronic Infections |
Analogously to chromosome cohesion in eukaryotes , newly replicated DNA in E . coli is held together by inter-sister linkages before partitioning into daughter nucleoids . In both cases , initial joining is apparently mediated by DNA catenation , in which replication-induced positive supercoils diffuse behind the fork ... | Sister chromosome cohesion in eukaryotes maintains genome stability by mediating chromosome segregation and homologous recombination-dependent DNA repair . Here we have investigated the mechanism of cohesion regulation in E . coli by measuring cohesion timing in a broad set of candidate mutant strains . Using a sensiti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"escherichia",
"coli",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"dna",
"metabolism",
"model",
"organisms",
"dna",
"replication",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"dna",
"dna",
"structure",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"... | 2013 | Regulation of Sister Chromosome Cohesion by the Replication Fork Tracking Protein SeqA |
Considerable progress has been made in identifying the targets of plant microRNAs , many of which regulate the stability or translation of mRNAs that encode transcription factors involved in development . In most cases , it is unknown , however , which immediate transcriptional targets mediate downstream effects of the... | Short , single-stranded RNA molecules called microRNAs ( miRNAs ) regulate gene expression by negatively controlling both the stability and translation of target messenger RNAs that they recognize through sequence complementarity . In plants , miRNAs mostly regulate other regulators , the DNA-binding transcription fact... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"plant",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Control of Jasmonate Biosynthesis and Senescence by miR319 Targets |
The serine-rich repeat glycoprotein Srr1 of Streptococcus agalactiae ( GBS ) is thought to be an important adhesin for the pathogenesis of meningitis . Although expression of Srr1 is associated with increased binding to human brain microvascular endothelial cells ( hBMEC ) , the molecular basis for this interaction is ... | Streptococcus agalactiae ( Group B streptococcus , GBS ) is a leading cause of meningitis in newborns and infants . This life-threatening infection of the brain and surrounding tissues continues to result in a high incidence of morbidity and mortality , despite antibiotic therapy . A key factor in disease production is... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"pathogenesis",
"streptococci",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"gram",
"positive"
] | 2012 | Binding of Glycoprotein Srr1 of Streptococcus agalactiae to Fibrinogen Promotes Attachment to Brain Endothelium and the Development of Meningitis |
Rickettsiosis is a re-emergent infectious disease without epidemiological surveillance in Colombia . This disease is generally undiagnosed and several deadly outbreaks have been reported in the country in the last decade . The aim of this study is to analyze the eco-epidemiological aspects of rickettsial seropositivity... | Rocky Mountain spotted fever is one of the main diseases transmitted by tick bites in Colombia . Studies examining rickettsial seropositivity in humans , potential vectors and amplifying hosts in regions where previous outbreaks occurred are necessary to highlight this disease in the differential diagnosis of febrile s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ixodes",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"rocky",
"mountain",
"spotted",
"fever",
"pathogens",
"domestic",
"animals",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
... | 2017 | Eco-epidemiological analysis of rickettsial seropositivity in rural areas of Colombia: A multilevel approach |
Trypanosomiasis induces a remarkable myenteric neuronal degeneration leading to megacolon . Very little is known about the risk for colon cancer in chagasic megacolon patients . To clarify whether chagasic megacolon impacts on colon carcinogenesis , we investigated the risk for colon cancer in Trypanosoma cruzi ( T . c... | The myenteric neuronal activity on colon carcinogenesis is a matter of debate . Chagas disease ( a trypanosomiasis-related chronic infection ) induces megacolon damaging myenteric neurons . Puzzling , tumors have been rarely reported in chagasic megacolon patients . We reveal here hyperplasia-related high-proliferation... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Trypanosomiasis-Induced Megacolon Illustrates How Myenteric Neurons Modulate the Risk for Colon Cancer in Rats and Humans |
The epigenetic modification of chromatin structure and its effect on complex neuronal processes like learning and memory is an emerging field in neuroscience . However , little is known about the “writers” of the neuronal epigenome and how they lay down the basis for proper cognition . Here , we have dissected the neur... | Epigenetic regulators can affect gene transcription through modification of DNA and histones , which together form chromatin . The importance of such regulators for cognition is increasingly appreciated , but only few key factors have been identified so far . Excellent candidates are histone modifiers that are involved... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology/neurodevelopment",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"neuroscience/... | 2011 | Epigenetic Regulation of Learning and Memory by Drosophila EHMT/G9a |
The rapid advancement of technology in genomics and targeted genetic manipulation has made comparative biology an increasingly prominent strategy to model human disease processes . Predicting orthology relationships between species is a vital component of comparative biology . Dozens of strategies for predicting orthol... | Identifying functionally equivalent proteins between species is a fundamental problem in comparative genetics . While orthology does not guarantee functional equivalence , the identification of orthologs—genes in different organisms that diverged by speciation—is often the first step in approaching this problem . Many ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"machine",
"learning",
"algorithms",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",... | 2016 | WORMHOLE: Novel Least Diverged Ortholog Prediction through Machine Learning |
Management of vector population is a commonly used method for mitigating transmission of mosquito-borne infections , but quantitative information on its practical public health impact is scarce . We study the effectiveness of Ultra-Low Volume ( ULV ) insecticide spraying in public spaces for preventing secondary dengue... | Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that causes millions of symptomatic infections and thousands of deaths per year . This pathogen is expanding its geographic range to areas that were previously free from autochthonous transmission thanks to the intensification of international travels , urbanization and to climatic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"radii",
"microbiology",
"spatial",
"epidemiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"geometry",
"animals",
"viruses",
"mathematics",
"rna",... | 2019 | Effectiveness of Ultra-Low Volume insecticide spraying to prevent dengue in a non-endemic metropolitan area of Brazil |
Histone modifications affect DNA–templated processes ranging from transcription to genomic replication . In this study , we examine the cell cycle dynamics of the trimethylated form of histone H3 lysine 4 ( H3K4me3 ) , a mark of active chromatin that is viewed as “long-lived” and that is involved in memory during cell ... | Organisms can inherit information beyond DNA sequence , a phenomenon known as epigenetic inheritance . It is widely believed that chromatin marks provide a carrier for epigenetic information , a hypothesis that is less-supported than generally believed . In this study , we measure the erasure of a “memory” mark of acti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2010 | Replication and Active Demethylation Represent Partially Overlapping Mechanisms for Erasure of H3K4me3 in Budding Yeast |
Recent structural and biochemical studies have identified a novel control mechanism of gene expression mediated through the secondary channel of RNA Polymerase ( RNAP ) during transcription initiation . Specifically , the small nucleotide ppGpp , along with DksA , a RNAP secondary channel interacting factor , modifies ... | Control of gene expression is central for cell operation . Transcription regulation is a first step to control gene expression and is largely mediated by DNA-binding factors . These recruit or prevent RNA polymerase binding to promoters of specific genes . Recently , a novel way to control transcription has emerged fro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"initiation",
"and",
"activation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evol... | 2009 | TraR, a Homolog of a RNAP Secondary Channel Interactor, Modulates Transcription |
Mycetoma is a neglected , chronic , and deforming infectious disease caused by fungi and actinomycetes . In Mexico , N . brasiliensis is the predominant etiologic agent . Therapeutic alternatives are necessary because the current drug regimens have several disadvantages . Benzothiazinones ( BTZ ) are a new class of can... | Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease caused by many etiological agents , including actinobacteria and true fungi . In Mexico , Nocardia brasiliensis and Actinomadura madurae account for more than 90% of the total cases . This subcutaneous infectious disease can affect skin and subcutaneous tissue; actinomycetomas a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | In Vivo Activity of the Benzothiazinones PBTZ169 and BTZ043 against Nocardia brasiliensis |
Dengue fever epidemic dynamics are driven by complex interactions between hosts , vectors and viruses . Associations between climate and dengue have been studied around the world , but the results have shown that the impact of the climate can vary widely from one study site to another . In French Guiana , climate-based... | Climatic determinants are amongst the most frequently cited in studies aimed at understanding and explaining the dynamics of vector-borne infections , and dengue in particular . French Guiana , a French overseas territory in which the vector Aedes aegypti is well established , experiences an epidemic cycle of dengue wi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"oceans",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"and",
"statistics",
"seasons",
"ocean",
"temperature",
"bodies",
"of",
"water",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseas... | 2016 | Predicting Dengue Fever Outbreaks in French Guiana Using Climate Indicators |
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) establishes a latent infection in the host following an acute infection . Reactivation from latency contributes to the development of KSHV-induced malignancies , which include Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS ) , the most common cancer in untreated AIDS patients , primary effusion ... | Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) is the etiologic agent of all clinical forms of Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS ) and several other malignancies . The life cycle of KSHV consists of latent and lytic phases . While establishment of viral latency is essential for KSHV to evade host immune surveillances , viral lyt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | Reactive Oxygen Species Hydrogen Peroxide Mediates Kaposi's
Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Reactivation from Latency |
Genome-scale metabolic reconstructions are typically validated by comparing in silico growth predictions across different mutants utilizing different carbon sources with in vivo growth data . This comparison results in two types of model-prediction inconsistencies; either the model predicts growth when no growth is obs... | Over the past decade , mathematical models of cellular metabolism have been constructed for describing existing metabolic processes . The gold standard for testing the accuracy and completeness of these models is to compare their cellular growth predictions ( i . e . , cell life/death ) across different scenarios with ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology"
] | 2009 | GrowMatch: An Automated Method for Reconciling In Silico/In Vivo Growth Predictions |
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( Salmonella ) is one of the most significant food-borne pathogens affecting both humans and agriculture . We have determined that Salmonella encodes an uptake and utilization pathway specific for a novel nutrient , fructose-asparagine ( F-Asn ) , which is essential for Salmonell... | It has long been thought that the nutrient utilization systems of Salmonella would not make effective drug targets because there are simply too many nutrients available to Salmonella in the intestine . Surprisingly , we have discovered that Salmonella relies heavily on a single nutrient during growth in the inflamed in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"species",
"interactions",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Fructose-Asparagine Is a Primary Nutrient during Growth of Salmonella in the Inflamed Intestine |
Much of the HSV-1 life cycle is carried out in the cell nucleus , including the expression , replication , repair , and packaging of viral genomes . Viral proteins , as well as cellular factors , play essential roles in these processes . Isolation of proteins on nascent DNA ( iPOND ) was developed to label and purify c... | HSV-1 is a human pathogen that infects over 50% of the population . The virus persists as a latent infection in the ganglia of an infected host and upon stressful conditions is reactivated to a lytic state in which it causes recurrent sores at the initial site of infection . During lytic infection , HSV highjacks the h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Selective Recruitment of Nuclear Factors to Productively Replicating Herpes Simplex Virus Genomes |
Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is a globally re-emerging arbovirus for which previous studies have indicated the majority of infections result in symptomatic febrile illness . We sought to characterize the proportion of subclinical and symptomatic CHIKV infections in a prospective cohort study in a country with known CHIK... | Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne pathogen for which the majority of infections have been considered to result in febrile illness . We sought to characterize the proportion of subclinical and symptomatic CHIKV infections in a prospective cohort of subjects ≥6 months old who underwent active su... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | High Rate of Subclinical Chikungunya Virus Infection and Association of Neutralizing Antibody with Protection in a Prospective Cohort in The Philippines |
Mutator strains are expected to evolve when the availability and effect of beneficial mutations are high enough to counteract the disadvantage from deleterious mutations that will inevitably accumulate . As the population becomes more adapted to its environment , both availability and effect of beneficial mutations nec... | Many organisms display increased mutation or recombination rates when exposed to a stressful environment , which can increase the probability that the population acquires adaptations that allow it to avoid extinction . Because of this , it has been suggested that the increase in production rate of genetic variation is ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"deletion",
"mutation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"drugs",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"microbiology",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"mutation",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"antibiotics",
"pharmacology",
"antimicrobial",
"resistance",
"evolutionary",
"g... | 2017 | Stress-induced mutagenesis: Stress diversity facilitates the persistence of mutator genes |
The World Health Organization has called for an effort to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis ( LF ) around the world . In regions where the disease is endemic , local production and distribution of medicated salt dosed with diethylcarbamazine ( DEC ) has been an effective method for eradicating LF . A partner of the Notre ... | As researchers develop more sophisticated technologies , parts of the world are left behind . The front lines of fighting many diseases lie in regions where expensive technology is not feasible . As part of the effort to eradicate lymphatic filariasis in Haiti , our group's goal was to design an assay that would allow ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"analytical",
"chemistry",
"filariasis",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"chemistry",
"chemical",
"analysis",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | A Low-Tech Analytical Method for Diethylcarbamazine Citrate in Medicated Salt |
Bacteria of many species rely on a simple molecule , the intracellular secondary messenger c-di-GMP ( Bis- ( 3'-5' ) -cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate ) , to make a vital choice: whether to stay in one place and form a biofilm , or to leave it in search of better conditions . The c-di-GMP network has a bow-tie sh... | How does evolution shape living organisms that seem so well adapted that they could be intelligently designed ? Here , we address this question by analyzing a simple biochemical network that directs social behavior in bacteria; we find that it works analogously to a machine learning algorithm that learns from data . In... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"biofilms",
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"mutation",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"microbial"... | 2017 | Bow-tie signaling in c-di-GMP: Machine learning in a simple biochemical network |
Vertebrate body designs rely on hydroxyapatite as the principal mineral component of relatively light-weight , articulated endoskeletons and sophisticated tooth-bearing jaws , facilitating rapid movement and efficient predation . Biological mineralization and skeletal growth are frequently accomplished through proteins... | The microstructure of vertebrate bones and teeth is controlled by polyproline-rich protein matrices ( such as amelogenin ) that serve as a scaffold to control the assembly of biological apatites . In tooth enamel , amphibians have large amelogenin subunits and thin enamel while mammals have smaller amelogenin subunits ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry/molecular",
"evolution",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"evolution",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"biochemistry/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines"
] | 2009 | Elongated Polyproline Motifs Facilitate Enamel Evolution through Matrix Subunit Compaction |
Histone variants , including histone H2A . Z , are incorporated into specific genomic sites and participate in transcription regulation . The role of H2A . Z at these sites remains poorly characterized . Our study investigates changes in the chromatin environment at the Cyclin D1 gene ( CCND1 ) during transcriptional i... | Our study investigates changes in the chromatin environment at the Cyclin D1 gene that are a prerequisite for transcriptional initiation in response to estradiol . Gene expression is under control of chromatin structure . Histone variants , including histone H2A . Z , are incorporated into specific genomic sites and pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"cell",
"growth",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2013 | TIP48/Reptin and H2A.Z Requirement for Initiating Chromatin Remodeling in Estrogen-Activated Transcription |
Turnover of regulatory sequence and function is an important part of molecular evolution . But what are the modes of sequence evolution leading to rapid formation and loss of regulatory sites ? Here we show that a large fraction of neighboring transcription factor binding sites in the fly genome have formed from a comm... | Since Jacob and Monod stressed the importance of gene regulation in evolution , our understanding of the mechanisms of regulation has substantially advanced . In higher eukaryotes , genes often have complex regulatory input , which is encoded in cis-regulatory sequence with multiple transcription factor binding sites .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"genome",
"evolution",
"population",
"genetics",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"genome",
"complexity",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"physics",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biol... | 2011 | Formation of Regulatory Modules by Local Sequence Duplication |
G-quadruplex or G4 DNA is a non-B secondary DNA structure that comprises a stacked array of guanine-quartets . Cellular processes such as transcription and replication can be hindered by unresolved DNA secondary structures potentially endangering genome maintenance . As G4-forming sequences are highly frequent througho... | Genome instability is not evenly distributed , but rather is highly elevated at certain genomic loci containing DNA sequences that can fold into non-canonical secondary structures . The four-stranded G-quadruplex or G4 DNA is one such DNA structure capable of instigating transcription and/or replication obstruction and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"dna",
"structure",
"dna",
"dna",
"recombination",
"molecular",
"genetics"
] | 2014 | Topoisomerase I Plays a Critical Role in Suppressing Genome Instability at a Highly Transcribed G-Quadruplex-Forming Sequence |
Sequencing of the T cell receptor ( TCR ) repertoire is a powerful tool for deeper study of immune response , but the unique structure of this type of data makes its meaningful quantification challenging . We introduce a new method , the Gamma-GPD spliced threshold model , to address this difficulty . This biologically... | A more detailed understanding of the immune response can unlock critical information concerning diagnosis and treatment of disease . Here , in particular , we study T cells through T cell receptor sequencing , as T cells play a vital role in immune response . One important feature of T cell receptor sequencing data is ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"rheumatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cluster",
"analysis",
"immune",
"cells",
"hierarchical",
"clustering",
"immunology",
"blastomas",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"cloning",
"oncology",
"sarcoidosis",
... | 2018 | powerTCR: A model-based approach to comparative analysis of the clone size distribution of the T cell receptor repertoire |
Experimental studies have revealed evidence of both parts-based and holistic representations of objects and faces in the primate visual system . However , it is still a mystery how such seemingly contradictory types of processing can coexist within a single system . Here , we propose a novel theory called mixture of sp... | Does the brain represent an object as a combination of parts or as a whole ? Past experiments have found both types of representation; but how can such opposing notions coexist in a single visual system ? Here , we introduce a novel theory called mixture of sparse coding models for investigating the possible computatio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"face",
"social",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"animals",
"mammals",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"face",
"recognition",
"perception",
"primates",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"cogniti... | 2017 | A mixture of sparse coding models explaining properties of face neurons related to holistic and parts-based processing |
Nervous system function requires proper development of two functional and morphological domains of neurons , axons and dendrites . Although both these domains are equally important for signal transmission , our understanding of dendrite development remains relatively poor . Here , we show that in C . elegans the Wnt li... | Neurons have distinct compartments , which include axons and dendrites . Both of these compartments are essential for communication between neurons , as signals are received by dendrites and transmitted by axons . Although dendrites are vital for neural connectivity , very little is known about how they are formed . He... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"morphogens",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"model",
"organisms",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"neuronal",
"morphology",
"axon",
"guidance",
"molecular",
"development",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
... | 2011 | LIN-44/Wnt Directs Dendrite Outgrowth through LIN-17/Frizzled in C. elegans Neurons |
With the advent of whole exome sequencing , cases where no pathogenic coding mutations can be found are increasingly being observed in many diseases . In two large , distantly-related families that mapped to the Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy CMTX3 locus at chromosome Xq26 . 3-q27 . 3 , all coding mutations were exclud... | Next generation sequencing technologies have greatly advanced disease gene discovery for Charcot-Marie-Tooth ( CMT ) disease and related inherited peripheral neuropathies . However , many families with CMT remain unsolved after all protein-coding sequences have been interrogated through whole exome sequencing . The pat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"charcot-marie-tooth",
"disease",
"insertion",
"mutation",
"genetic",
"diseases",
"mutation",
"chromosome",
"mapping",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"neuropathy",
"sex",
"chromosome... | 2016 | Whole Genome Sequencing Identifies a 78 kb Insertion from Chromosome 8 as the Cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy CMTX3 |
Visceral leishmaniasis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum/chagasi in the New World , or by L . donovani or L . infantum/chagasi in the Old World . Infection leads to a variety of outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to active disease , characterized by... | Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) is a potentially fatal vector-borne infectious disease that leads to a variety of outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to symptomatic disease . In northeast Brazil , the etiological agent of VL is the protozoan Leishmania chagasi/infantum . Active VL is characterized by fevers , we... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"immunology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
... | 2008 | Macrophage and T-Cell Gene Expression in a Model of Early Infection with the Protozoan Leishmania chagasi |
Developing intervention strategies for the control of parasitic nematodes continues to be a significant challenge . Genomic and post-genomic approaches play an increasingly important role for providing fundamental molecular information about these parasites , thus enhancing basic as well as translational research . Her... | Lymphatic filariasis , also known as elephantiasis , is a tropical disease affecting over 120 million people worldwide . More than 40 million people live with painful , disfiguring symptoms that can cause severe debilitation and social stigma . The disease is caused by infection with thread-like filarial nematodes ( ro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"global",
"health",
"biology",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | A Deep Sequencing Approach to Comparatively Analyze the Transcriptome of Lifecycle Stages of the Filarial Worm, Brugia malayi |
Centromeres typically contain tandem repeat sequences , but centromere function does not necessarily depend on these sequences . We identified functional centromeres with significant quantitative changes in the centromeric retrotransposons of wheat ( CRW ) contents in wheat aneuploids ( Triticum aestivum ) and the offs... | Chromosomal rearrangements during the formation of wheat aneuploids and their wide hybrids caused reduction , elimination or expansion of the centromeric retrotransposon sequences and the formation of multiple centromeres . Centromere function was not affected by centromeric sequence elimination , which was revealed by... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"retrotransposons",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"centromeres",
"dicentric",
"chromosomes",
"cereal",
"crops",
"plant",
"science",
"genetic",
"elements",
"crops",
"plant",
"genomics",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
... | 2016 | De Novo Centromere Formation and Centromeric Sequence Expansion in Wheat and its Wide Hybrids |
Protozoan parasites of the genus Giardia are highly prevalent globally , and infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts including humans , with proliferation and pathology restricted to the small intestine . This narrow ecological specialization entailed extensive structural and functional adaptations during host-parasite... | Organelles with endosymbiotic origin are present in virtually all extant eukaryotes and have undergone considerable remodeling during > 1 billion years of evolution . Highly diverged organelles such as mitosomes or plastids in some parasitic protozoa are the product of extensive secondary reduction . They are sufficien... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"protein",
"interactions",
"giardia",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"protozoans",
"outer",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"network",
"analysis",
"mitochondria",
"bioenergetics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles... | 2016 | An Interactome-Centered Protein Discovery Approach Reveals Novel Components Involved in Mitosome Function and Homeostasis in Giardia lamblia |
Protein domains are basic functional units of proteins . Many protein domains are pervasive among diverse biological processes , yet some are associated with specific pathways . Human complex diseases are generally viewed as pathway-level disorders . Therefore , we hypothesized that pathway-specific domains could be hi... | Protein domains are basic functional units of proteins , yet domain-based pathway annotations for proteins are challenging tasks because many domains are pervasive among diverse pathways . Therefore , we developed a network-based scoring scheme to measure pathway specificity of domains , and then used it to identify pa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"protein",
"interactions",
"protein",
"interaction",
"networks",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"coro... | 2019 | Pathway-specific protein domains are predictive for human diseases |
Initial studies of 88 transmission pairs in the Zambia Emory HIV Research Project cohort demonstrated that the number of transmitted HLA-B associated polymorphisms in Gag , but not Nef , was negatively correlated to set point viral load ( VL ) in the newly infected partners . These results suggested that accumulation o... | In the majority of HIV-1 cases , a single virus establishes infection . However , mutations in the viral genome accumulate over time in order to avoid recognition by the host immune response . Certain mutations in the main structural protein , Gag , driven by cytotoxic T lymphocytes are detrimental to viral replication... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"major",
"histocompatibility",
"complex",
"viral",
"immune",
"evasion",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"replication",
"viral",
"load"
] | 2012 | Role of Transmitted Gag CTL Polymorphisms in Defining Replicative Capacity and Early HIV-1 Pathogenesis |
TGFβs act through canonical and non-canonical pathways , and canonical signals are transduced via Smad2 and Smad3 . However , the contribution of canonical vs . non-canonical pathways in cartilage is unknown because the role of Smad2 in chondrogenesis has not been investigated in vivo . Therefore , we analyzed mice in ... | The cartilage growth plate regulates the size and shape of nearly every skeletal element in the body . TGFβs are potent inducers of cartilage formation , but the mechanisms by which they transduce their signals in cartilage during development are poorly understood . Similarly , there is strong evidence that dysregulati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"growth",
"plate",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chondrocytes",
"gene",
"regulation",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"bone",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"cartilage",
"small",
"interfering",
"rnas",
"animal",
"cells",
"proteins",
"gene",
"expression",
"con... | 2016 | Smad2 and Smad3 Regulate Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation in the Growth Plate |
Sequence-based protein homology detection has been extensively studied and so far the most sensitive method is based upon comparison of protein sequence profiles , which are derived from multiple sequence alignment ( MSA ) of sequence homologs in a protein family . A sequence profile is usually represented as a positio... | Sequence-based protein homology detection has been extensively studied , but it remains very challenging for remote homologs with divergent sequences . So far the most sensitive methods employ HMM-HMM comparison , which models a protein family using HMM ( Hidden Markov Model ) and then detects homologs using HMM-HMM al... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | MRFalign: Protein Homology Detection through Alignment of Markov Random Fields |
Chronic activation of the immune system in HIV infection is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality . As such , approaches that reduce immune activation have received considerable interest . Previously , we demonstrated that administration of a type I interferon receptor antagonist ( IFN-1ant ) durin... | Innate and adaptive immune activation is one of the strongest predictors of HIV disease progression to AIDS and non-AIDS morbidity and mortality . Type I interferon ( IFN-I ) signaling is a major driver of such activation even in ART-treated people . Therefore , manipulation of IFN-I signaling has been proposed as a th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"retroviruses",
"virus... | 2018 | Type I IFN signaling blockade by a PASylated antagonist during chronic SIV infection suppresses specific inflammatory pathways but does not alter T cell activation or virus replication |
P-glycoprotein ( Pgp ) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins ( MRPs ) are ATP-dependent transporters involved in efflux of toxins and xenobiotics from cells . When overexpressed , these transporters can mediate multidrug resistance ( MDR ) in mammalian cells , and changes in Pgp expression and sequence are assoc... | Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that are the causative agents of schistosomiasis , a major tropical disease . As adults , schistosomes reside within the host vasculature , taking up nutrients , evading host defenses , and expelling wastes and toxins . Multidrug resistance transporters are involved in removal of to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"schistosomiasis",
"drug",
"research",
"and",
"development",
"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"pharmacology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"drug",
"discovery"
] | 2011 | Genetic Knockdown and Pharmacological Inhibition of Parasite Multidrug Resistance Transporters Disrupts Egg Production in Schistosoma mansoni |
Caloric/dietary restriction ( CR/DR ) can promote longevity and protect against age-associated disease across species . The molecular mechanisms coordinating food intake with health-promoting metabolism are thus of significant medical interest . We report that conserved Caenorhabditis elegans microRNA-80 ( mir-80 ) is ... | Dietary restriction , limitation of calorie intake with maintained vitamin and mineral support , can extend lifespan and protect against diseases of age across many species . Elaboration of molecular mechanisms that control dietary restriction in simple animal models may therefore inform on strategies to activate healt... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Deletion of microRNA-80 Activates Dietary Restriction to Extend C. elegans Healthspan and Lifespan |
In a pioneering cross-sectional study among Bolivian immigrants in the city of São Paulo , Brazil , the epidemiological profile , clinical manifestations and morbidity of Chagas disease were described . The feasibility of the management of Chagas disease at primary healthcare clinics using a biomedical and psychosocial... | Chagas disease affects approximately 6 million Latin American people . It is considered a neglected tropical disease since it mainly affects vulnerable , poverty-stricken people . Public health policies and investments in research on new treatment and control instruments have not been prioritized . In fact , disease ur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"physicians",
"medical",
"doctors",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"maternal",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"disease... | 2017 | Interdisciplinary approach at the primary healthcare level for Bolivian immigrants with Chagas disease in the city of São Paulo |
Plasmodium salivary sporozoites are the infectious form of the malaria parasite and are dormant inside salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes . During dormancy , protein translation is inhibited by the kinase UIS1 that phosphorylates serine 59 in the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α ( eIF2α ) . De-phosphorylation of eI... | Malaria is transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes as they take a blood meal . Plasmodium sporozoites are the infectious and quiescent forms of malaria parasites , which reside in the salivary glands of mosquitoes . Global protein synthesis is inhibited in sporozoites through phosphorylation of the translational fac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | UIS2: A Unique Phosphatase Required for the Development of Plasmodium Liver Stages |
Dengue has emerged as the most important vector-borne viral disease in tropical areas . Evaluations of the burden and severity of dengue disease have been hindered by the frequent lack of laboratory confirmation and strong selection bias toward more severe cases . A multinational , prospective clinical study was carrie... | Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in humans . This disease is now endemic in more than 100 countries and threatens more than 2 . 5 billion people living in tropical countries . It currently affects about 50 to 100 million people each year . It causes a wide range of symptoms , from an inapparent... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Clinical and Virological Study of Dengue Cases and the Members of Their Households: The Multinational DENFRAME Project |
Homologous recombination ( HR ) is critical for the repair of double strand breaks and broken replication forks . Although HR is mostly error free , inherent or environmental conditions that either suppress or induce HR cause genomic instability . Despite its importance in carcinogenesis , due to limitations in our abi... | Cancer is a disease of the genome , caused by accumulated genetic changes , such as point mutations and large-scale sequence rearrangements . Homologous recombination ( HR ) is a critical DNA repair pathway . While generally accurate , HR between misaligned sequences or between homologous chromosomes can lead to insert... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"mutagenesis",
"biochemistry",
"mutation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cell",
"biology",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"dna",
"dna",
"repair",
"dna",
"recombination",
"molecular",... | 2014 | Rosa26-GFP Direct Repeat (RaDR-GFP) Mice Reveal Tissue- and Age-Dependence of Homologous Recombination in Mammals In Vivo |
The Leishmania OligoC-TesT and NASBA-Oligochromatography ( OC ) were recently developed for simplified and standardised molecular detection of Leishmania parasites in clinical specimens . We here present the phase II evaluation of both tests for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ... | The leishmaniases are a group of vector-borne diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania . The parasites are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and can cause , depending on the infecting species , three clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis: visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , post kala-azar derm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Diagnostic Accuracy of the Leishmania OligoC-TesT and NASBA-Oligochromatography for Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis in Sudan |
Tuberculosis ( TB ) is an escalating global health problem and improved vaccines against TB are urgently needed . HLA-E restricted responses may be of interest for vaccine development since HLA-E displays very limited polymorphism ( only 2 coding variants exist ) , and is not down-regulated by HIV-infection . The pepti... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) has infected about one-third of the world population , resulting in fatal pulmonary tuberculosis ( TB ) in 1 . 5 million people annually . Vaccination against Mtb has decreased disease incidence in young children but does not prevent pulmonary TB in adults . The immune response agains... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Peptides Presented by HLA-E Molecules Are Targets for Human CD8+ T-Cells with Cytotoxic as well as Regulatory Activity |
Chromosome organizations of related bacterial genera are well conserved despite a very long divergence period . We have assessed the forces limiting bacterial genome plasticity in Escherichia coli by measuring the respective effect of altering different parameters , including DNA replication , compositional skew of rep... | Genomic analyses have revealed that bacterial genomes are dynamic entities that evolve through various processes including intrachromosome genetic rearrangements , gene duplication , and gene loss or acquisition by gene transfer . Nevertheless , comparison of bacterial chromosomes from related genera revealed a conserv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | Chromosome Structuring Limits Genome Plasticity in Escherichia coli |
Mutations in Nesprin-1 and 2 ( also called Syne-1 and 2 ) are associated with numerous diseases including autism , cerebellar ataxia , cancer , and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy . Nesprin-1 and 2 have conserved orthologs in flies and worms called MSP-300 and abnormal nuclear Anchorage 1 ( ANC-1 ) , respectively . T... | The molecular mechanisms that underpin synapse formation and axon termination are central to forming a functional , fully connected nervous system . The PHR proteins are important regulators of neuronal development that function in axon outgrowth and termination , as well as synapse formation . Here we describe the dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | The Nesprin Family Member ANC-1 Regulates Synapse Formation and Axon Termination by Functioning in a Pathway with RPM-1 and β-Catenin |
During infection , pathogens must utilise the available nutrient sources in order to grow while simultaneously evading or tolerating the host’s defence systems . Amino acids are an important nutritional source for pathogenic fungi and can be assimilated from host proteins to provide both carbon and nitrogen . The hpdA ... | Fungi that infect humans are a major health problem , especially for those with compromised immune systems . Many fungal infections are extremely difficult to cure and if left untreated are fatal . For successful infection to occur , the fungal pathogen must be able to grow by acquiring and utilising the available nutr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Intracellular Growth Is Dependent on Tyrosine Catabolism in the Dimorphic Fungal Pathogen Penicillium marneffei |
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome ( CdLS ) is the founding member of a class of multi-organ system birth defect syndromes termed cohesinopathies , named for the chromatin-associated protein complex cohesin , which mediates sister chromatid cohesion . Most cases of CdLS are caused by haploinsufficiency for Nipped-B-like ( Nipb... | Although best known for its role in chromatid cohesion , cohesin is increasingly seen as a regulator of gene expression . In Cornelia de Lange Syndrome ( CdLS ) , partial deficiency for NIPBL , which encodes a cohesin regulator , is associated with small changes in the expression of many genes ( similar effects are see... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"teratology",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"heart",
"development",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"morphogenesis",
"chromatin",
"embryology",
"birth",
... | 2011 | Multifactorial Origins of Heart and Gut Defects in nipbl-Deficient Zebrafish, a Model of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome |
Malaria in pregnancy is exquisitely aggressive , causing a range of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes prominently linked to Plasmodium-infected erythrocyte cytoadherence to fetal trophoblast . To elucidate the physiopathology of infected erythrocytes ( IE ) sequestration in the placenta we devised an experimental sys... | Malaria in pregnancy is exquisitely aggressive , causing a range of adverse effects impacting maternal and fetal health . Many of those effects are thought to derive from placental sequestration of red blood cells infected with the malaria parasite ( Plasmodium falciparum ) eliciting a placental inflammatory response t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"malaria",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2013 | Intravital Placenta Imaging Reveals Microcirculatory Dynamics Impact on Sequestration and Phagocytosis of Plasmodium-Infected Erythrocytes |
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