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CLK-2/TEL2 is essential for viability from yeasts to vertebrates , but its essential functions remain ill defined . CLK-2/TEL2 was initially implicated in telomere length regulation in budding yeast , but work in Caenorhabditis elegans has uncovered a function in DNA damage response signalling . Subsequently , DNA dama...
PI3K-related protein kinases ( PIKKs ) ATM and ATR are essential upstream components of DNA damage signalling pathways , while TOR-1 acts as a nutrient sensor . CLK-2/TEL2 is a conserved gene initially implicated in budding yeast telomere length regulation and uncovered in the same genetic screen as the yeast TEL1 ATM ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "cell", "biology/cell", "growth", "and", "division", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics/gene", "function", "genetics", "and", "genomics/animal", "genetics" ]
2009
Functional Dissection of Caenorhabditis elegans CLK-2/TEL2 Cell Cycle Defects during Embryogenesis and Germline Development
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) is a skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . Its exact mode of transmission is not known . Previous studies have identified demographic , socio-economic , health and hygiene as well as environment related risk factors . We investigated whether the same factors pertain in Suhum-Kraboa-Coaltar...
Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer ( BU ) which affects the skin , can lead to extensive ulceration , and often results in disabilities . The exact mode of transmission of the disease is still unknown . Previous studies have identified demographic , socio-economic , health and hygiene , as we...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences" ]
2014
Risk Factors for Buruli Ulcer in Ghana—A Case Control Study in the Suhum-Kraboa-Coaltar and Akuapem South Districts of the Eastern Region
DNA replication programs have been studied extensively in yeast and animal systems , where they have been shown to correlate with gene expression and certain epigenetic modifications . Despite the conservation of core DNA replication proteins , little is known about replication programs in plants . We used flow cytomet...
During growth and development , all plants and animals must replicate their DNA . This process is regulated to ensure that all sequences are completely and accurately replicated and is limited to S phase of the cell cycle . In the cell , DNA is packaged with histone proteins into chromatin , and both DNA and histones a...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/genomics", "molecular", "biology/dna", "replication", "molecular", "biology/chromatin", "structure", "molecular", "biology/histone", "modification", "biochemistry/replication", "and", "repair", "molecular", "biology/dna", "methylation", "genetics", ...
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 4 Replicates in Two Phases That Correlate with Chromatin State
Tapeworm ( cestode ) infections occur worldwide even in developed countries and globalization has further complicated the epidemiology of such infections . Nonetheless , recent epidemiological data on cestode infections are limited . Our objectives were to elucidate the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of diph...
Tapeworm ( cestode ) infections occur worldwide even in developed countries . Causative species of cestode infections differ significantly depending on the geographical areas and globalization has further complicated the epidemiology of such infections . Nonetheless , recent epidemiological data on cestode infections a...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "invertebrates", "beef", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "fish", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cestodes", "helminths", "japan", "geographical", "locations", "diet", "vertebrates", "parasitic", "diseases", "animals", "animal", "products", "ostei...
2018
Clinical characteristics and epidemiology of intestinal tapeworm infections over the last decade in Tokyo, Japan: A retrospective review
The Republic of Haiti is one of only several countries in the Western Hemisphere in which canine rabies is still endemic . Estimation methods have predicted that 130 human deaths occur per year , yet existing surveillance mechanisms have detected few of these rabies cases . Likewise , canine rabies surveillance capacit...
The Republic of Haiti has highest estimated burden of human rabies in the Western Hemisphere , at 130 estimated human deaths annually . Rabies surveillance systems in the majority of the developing world , including Haiti , are ineffective , resulting in underreporting of cases and contributing to the further neglect o...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[]
2015
Establishment of a Canine Rabies Burden in Haiti through the Implementation of a Novel Surveillance Program
The sexually transmitted bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to all antibiotic classes that have been used for treatment and strains resistant to multiple antibiotic classes have evolved . In many countries , there is only one antibiotic remaining for empirical N . gonorrhoeae treatment , and antib...
More and more infectious disease treatments fail because the causative pathogens are resistant to the drugs used for treatment . For the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae , a sexually transmitted bacterium , drug resistance is a particularly big problem: there is only a single antibiotic left that is recommended for t...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "antimicrobials", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "drugs", "microbiology", "neisseria", "gonorrhoeae", "antibiotic", "resistance", "probability", "distribution", "mathematics", "antibiotics", "sexually", "t...
2016
Antibiotic-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Spread Faster with More Treatment, Not More Sexual Partners
The circulation of vector-borne zoonotic viruses is largely determined by the overlap in the geographical distributions of virus-competent vectors and reservoir hosts . What is less clear are the factors influencing the distribution of virus-specific lineages . Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) is the most important ...
Although Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV ) is a major cause of death and disability throughout tropical and temperate Asia , little is known about the evolution , geographical distribution and epidemiology of the five JEV genotypes ( genetically distinct groups ) . To address this gap in our knowledge , we performed ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "evolutionary", "ecology", "ecology", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biology", "japanese", "encephalitis" ]
2013
Phylogeography of Japanese Encephalitis Virus: Genotype Is Associated with Climate
Neurocysticercosis , infection of the brain with larvae of Taenia solium ( pork tapeworm ) , is one of several forms of human cysticercosis caused by this organism . We investigated the role of albendazole and praziquantel in the treatment of patients with parenchymal neurocysticercosis by performing a meta-analysis of...
Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic disease caused by the pork tapeworm , Taenia solium , when the larval form of the parasite lodges in the central nervous system . This disease is most commonly found among members of agricultural societies with poor sanitary conditions and economies based on breeding livestock ( especi...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "infectious", "diseases/infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "neurological", "disorders/infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "infectious", "diseases/helminth", "infections"...
2008
Albendazole versus Praziquantel in the Treatment of Neurocysticercosis: A Meta-analysis of Comparative Trials
Understanding the host immune response during cryptococcal meningitis ( CM ) is of critical importance for the development of immunomodulatory therapies . We profiled the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) immune-response in ninety patients with HIV-associated CM , and examined associations between immune phenotype and clinic...
Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe opportunistic infection , estimated to kill several hundred thousand HIV-infected individuals each year . One of the factors contributing to this high death toll is the inadequacy of antifungal treatments . As few novel antifungal drugs are being developed , several groups have start...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[]
2015
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine Profiles Predict Risk of Early Mortality and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis
The cysteine desulfurase IscS is a highly conserved master enzyme initiating sulfur transfer via persulfide to a range of acceptor proteins involved in Fe-S cluster assembly , tRNA modifications , and sulfur-containing cofactor biosynthesis . Several IscS-interacting partners including IscU , a scaffold for Fe-S cluste...
Sulfur is incorporated into the backbone of almost all proteins in the form of the amino acids cysteine and methionine . In some proteins , sulfur is also present as iron–sulfur clusters , sulfur-containing vitamins , and cofactors . What's more , sulfur is important in the structure of tRNAs , which are crucial for tr...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "cell", "biology/microbial", "growth", "and", "development", "microbiology/microbial", "growth", "and", "development", "biochemistry/macromolecular", "assemblies", "and", "machines" ]
2010
Structural Basis for Fe–S Cluster Assembly and tRNA Thiolation Mediated by IscS Protein–Protein Interactions
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus ( TYLCV ) is a devastating disease of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) that can be effectively controlled by the deployment of resistant cultivars . The TYLCV-resistant line TY172 carries a major recessive locus for TYLCV resistance , designated ty-5 , on chromosome 4 . In this study , the ...
Tomato is one of the most important food crops worldwide , providing phytonutrients and color to our diet . Tomato yellow leaf curl virus ( TYLCV ) is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes and a key limiting factor to tomato production in major tomato-growing areas . The management of TYLCV is diff...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[]
2015
A Novel Route Controlling Begomovirus Resistance by the Messenger RNA Surveillance Factor Pelota
The objective of this study was to assess the validity of the new dengue classification proposed by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) in 2009 and to develop pragmatic guidelines for case triage and management . This retrospective study involved 357 laboratory-confirmed cases of dengue infection diagnosed at King Ab...
Dengue fever , the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans , has been conventionally classified into four main categories: non-classical , classical , dengue hemorrhagic fever , and dengue shock syndrome . Several studies reported lack of correlation between the categories of the conventional classificat...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "blood", "cells", "cognitive", "science", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "vomiting", "tropical", "diseases", "neuroscience", "physiological", "processes", "cognitive", "neuroscience", "signs", "an...
2019
Assessment of the new World Health Organization's dengue classification for predicting severity of illness and level of healthcare required
Among the most common human congenital anomalies , cleft lip and palate ( CL/P ) affects up to 1 in 700 live births . MicroRNA ( miR ) s are small , non-coding RNAs that repress gene expression post-transcriptionally . The miR-17-92 cluster encodes six miRs that have been implicated in human cancers and heart developme...
CL/P are very common birth defects in humans . The genetic mechanism underlying CL/P pathogenesis is poorly understood . MiRs , small non-coding RNAs that function to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression , have been identified as pivotal modulators of various developmental events and diseases . To date , the...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[]
2013
MicroRNA-17-92, a Direct Ap-2α Transcriptional Target, Modulates T-Box Factor Activity in Orofacial Clefting
Anthropogenic land use may influence transmission of multi-host vector-borne pathogens by changing diversity , relative abundance , and community composition of reservoir hosts . These reservoir hosts may have varying competence for vector-borne pathogens depending on species-specific characteristics , such as life his...
Understanding how host species influence vector-borne pathogen transmission in anthropogenically disturbed landscapes is important to predicting and preventing disease transmission . This study evaluates how host diversity , anthropogenic land use change , and host life history influence vector- borne multihost pathoge...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "evolutionary", "ecology", "microbiology", "parasitic", "diseases", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "veterinary", "science", "infectious", "diseases", "veterinary", "diseases", "zoonotic", "diseases", "biology", "vectors", "and", "hosts", "community", "ec...
2012
Host Life History Strategy, Species Diversity, and Habitat Influence Trypanosoma cruzi Vector Infection in Changing Landscapes
Nanoparticles introduced in living cells are capable of strongly promoting the aggregation of peptides and proteins . We use here molecular dynamics simulations to characterise in detail the process by which nanoparticle surfaces catalyse the self-assembly of peptides into fibrillar structures . The simulation of a sys...
Protein misfolding and aggregation are associated with a wide variety of human disorders , which include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and late onset diabetes . It has been recently realised that the process of aggregation may be triggered by the presence of nanoparticles . We use here molecular dynamics simulat...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "biophysics", "computational", "biology" ]
2009
A Condensation-Ordering Mechanism in Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Peptide Aggregation
Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) belongs to the family of Phenuiviridae within the order of Bunyavirales . The virus may cause fatal disease both in livestock and humans , and therefore , is of great economical and public health relevance . In analogy to the influenza virus polymerase complex , the bunyavirus L protein...
Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula and leads to abortions in and death of ruminants . The virus can also be transmitted to humans causing febrile illness up to hemorrhagic fever with the possibility of fatal outcome . As there is currently no human vaccine or spe...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "rift", "valley", "fever", "virus", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "microbiology", "viral", "structure", "orthomyxoviruses", "viruses", "rna", "viruses", "protein", "structure", "bunyaviruses", "resear...
2019
Structure of a functional cap-binding domain in Rift Valley fever virus L protein
Segmentation of the vertebrate body axis is initiated through somitogenesis , whereby epithelial somites bud off in pairs periodically from the rostral end of the unsegmented presomitic mesoderm ( PSM ) . The periodicity of somitogenesis is governed by a molecular oscillator that drives periodic waves of clock gene exp...
Vertebrate animals generate their segmented body plan during embryogenesis . These embryonic segments , or somites , form one after another from tissue at the tail end of the embryo in a highly regulated process controlled by a molecular oscillator . This oscillator drives the expression of a group of genes in this tis...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "developmental", "biology/embryology", "developmental", "biology", "developmental", "biology/morphogenesis", "and", "cell", "biology", "developmental", "biology/pattern", "formation", "developmental", "biology/cell", "differentiation", "developmental", "biology/molecular", "develop...
2009
Notch Is a Critical Component of the Mouse Somitogenesis Oscillator and Is Essential for the Formation of the Somites
Spatiotemporal pattern formation in neuronal networks depends on the interplay between cellular and network synchronization properties . The neuronal phase response curve ( PRC ) is an experimentally obtainable measure that characterizes the cellular response to small perturbations , and can serve as an indicator of ce...
Synchronization of the firing of neurons in the brain is related to many cognitive functions , such as recognizing faces , discriminating odors , and coordinating movement . It is therefore important to understand what properties of neuronal networks promote synchrony of neural firing . One measure that is often used t...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "biology", "computational", "biology", "neuroscience" ]
2011
Cellularly-Driven Differences in Network Synchronization Propensity Are Differentially Modulated by Firing Frequency
Directed cell migration in response to chemical cues , also known as chemotaxis , is an important physiological process involved in wound healing , foraging , and the immune response . Cell migration requires the simultaneous formation of actin polymers at the leading edge and actomyosin complexes at the sides and back...
Neutrophils target sites of infection and inflammation by sensing chemical signals produced by damaged tissue and infecting microbes and then move in the direction where their concentration is greatest . An open question is how neutrophils integrate this information to determine the direction of motility . We present a...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "cell", "biology", "homo", "(human)", "computational", "biology" ]
2007
A Mathematical Model for Neutrophil Gradient Sensing and Polarization
In a dynamic world , an accurate model of the environment is vital for survival , and agents ought regularly to seek out new information with which to update their world models . This aspect of behaviour is not captured well by classical theories of decision making , and the cognitive mechanisms of information seeking ...
Acquiring information about the external world is vital for planning and decision making . However , recent research has shown that some animals choose to acquire information at considerable cost even when the information is of no practical benefit , a counter-intuitive behavior associated with suboptimal outcomes . In...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "decision", "theory", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "decision", "making", "applied", "mathematics", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "systems", "science", "mathematics", "statistics", "(mathematics)", "cognition", "behavior...
2016
Intrinsic Valuation of Information in Decision Making under Uncertainty
Multiscale modeling provides a very powerful means of studying complex biological systems . An important component of this strategy involves coarse-grained ( CG ) simplifications of regions of the system , which allow effective exploration of complex systems . Here we studied aspects of CG modeling of the human zinc tr...
Herein we employed multiscale modeling and electrostatic energy calculations to delineate , for the first time , a putative zinc permeation pathway , from the cytoplasm into intracellular vesicles ( for ZnT2 ) or to the extracellular milieu ( for YiiP ) , along the membrane-spanning domain of the human zinc transporter...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "vesicles", "zinc", "transporters", "built", "structures", "engineering", "and", "technology", "site-directed", "mutagenesis", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "nutrition", "biological", "transport", "molecular", "biology", "techni...
2018
Demonstrating aspects of multiscale modeling by studying the permeation pathway of the human ZnT2 zinc transporter
How do humans and other animals face novel problems for which predefined solutions are not available ? Human problem solving links to flexible reasoning and inference rather than to slow trial-and-error learning . It has received considerable attention since the early days of cognitive science , giving rise to well kno...
How humans solve challenging problems such as the Tower of Hanoi ( ToH ) or related puzzles is still largely unknown . Here we advance a computational model that uses the same probabilistic inference methods as those that are increasingly popular in the study of perception and action systems , thus making the point tha...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]
[ "learning", "decision", "making", "applied", "mathematics", "social", "sciences", "problem", "solving", "neuroscience", "learning", "and", "memory", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "algorithms", "cognitive", "psychology", "mathematics", "probability", "distribution", "co...
2016
Problem Solving as Probabilistic Inference with Subgoaling: Explaining Human Successes and Pitfalls in the Tower of Hanoi
Epileptic seizure dynamics span multiple scales in space and time . Understanding seizure mechanisms requires identifying the relations between seizure components within and across these scales , together with the analysis of their dynamical repertoire . Mathematical models have been developed to reproduce seizure dyna...
Neurons communicate via different types of synapses on very fast time scales . The combination of hundred thousand of such interconnected cells within a fluctuating extracellular environment forms a complex network that gives rise to function and behavior via the formation of dynamical patterns of activity . In the con...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[]
2015
Computational Modeling of Seizure Dynamics Using Coupled Neuronal Networks: Factors Shaping Epileptiform Activity
Heterodimers of CLOCK and BMAL1 are the major transcriptional activators of the mammalian circadian clock . Because the paralog NPAS2 can substitute for CLOCK in the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN ) , the master circadian pacemaker , CLOCK-deficient mice maintain circadian rhythms in behavior and in tissues in vivo . Ho...
In mammals , circadian clocks are based on a core transcriptional–translational feedback loop . BMAL1 and CLOCK activate the transcription of Per1-3 and Cry1/2 . PER and CRY proteins inhibit BMAL1/CLOCK , and thus their own transcription . In Clock-/- mice , NPAS2 can substitute for CLOCK in the suprachiasmatic nucleus...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "vertebrates", "mice", "animals", "electromagnetic", "radiation", "fibroblasts", "circadian", "oscillators", "mammals", "connective", "tissue", "cells", "chronobiology", "kidneys", "animal", "cells", "connective", "tissue", "biolog...
2016
NPAS2 Compensates for Loss of CLOCK in Peripheral Circadian Oscillators
New efforts are being made to improve understanding of the epidemiology of the helminths and intensifying the control efforts against these parasites . In contrast , relatively few studies are being carried out in this direction for the intestinal protozoa . To contribute to a better comprehension of the epidemiology o...
According to WHO , intestinal amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is the third principal parasitic disease responsible for mortality in the world . This protozoal parasite infects approximately 180 million individuals throughout the world , among whom 40 to 110 thousand die from it each year . Giardiasis , cause...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases/gastrointestinal", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/epidemiology", "and", "control", "of", "infectious", "diseases" ]
2010
Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia among Schoolchildren in Agboville Area (Côte d'Ivoire)
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever Virus ( CCHFV ) is a rapidly emerging vector-borne pathogen and the cause of a virulent haemorrhagic fever affecting large parts of Europe , Africa , the Middle East and Asia . An isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification ( RPA ) assay was successfully developed for molecular dete...
The Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever ( CCHF ) recombinase polymerase amplification assay is a new , rapid and portable diagnostic method . It has been developed for the detection of infection with CCHF virus ( CCHFV ) , the cause of a deadly haemorrhagic disease in humans and an emerging global health threat . As a rap...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "reverse", "transcriptase-polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "crimean-congo", "hemorrhagic", "fever", "tropical", "diseases", "rna", "extraction", "geographical", "locations", "urine", "neglected", "tropical", "dis...
2017
A recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever Virus infection
Dengue virus is endemic globally , throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions . While the number of epidemics due to the four DENV serotypes is pronounced in East Africa , the total number of cases reported in Africa ( 16 million infections ) remained at low levels compared to Asia ( 70 million infections ) . The Fre...
Dengue virus is emerging worldwide , however , little is known about the burden of Dengue in Africa . Effectively , only sporadic cases and few epidemics have been reported in the last 30 years . This descriptive study reports clinical and biological data of Dengue-suspected cases analyzed in the Bouffard military hosp...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "blood", "cells", "lymphopenia", "dengue", "virus", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "geographical", "locations", "microbiology", "viruses", "signs", ...
2016
Clinical Survey of Dengue Virus Circulation in the Republic of Djibouti between 2011 and 2014 Identifies Serotype 3 Epidemic and Recommends Clinical Diagnosis Guidelines for Resource Limited Settings
Rose-comb , a classical monogenic trait of chickens , is characterized by a drastically altered comb morphology compared to the single-combed wild-type . Here we show that Rose-comb is caused by a 7 . 4 Mb inversion on chromosome 7 and that a second Rose-comb allele arose by unequal crossing over between a Rose-comb an...
Comb morphology is a trait that shows considerable variability among domestic chickens . The Rose-comb mutation causes a drastically altered shape of the comb , whereas the Pea-comb mutation leads to a considerable reduction in the size of the comb . The combined effect of Rose-comb and Pea-comb is a comb shaped like a...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "animal", "genetics", "functional", "genomics", "gene", "function", "molecular", "genetics", "structural", "genomics", "veterinary", "science", "veterinary", "medicine", "chromosome", "biology", "gene", "expression", "comparative", "genomics", "biology", "genetics", "geno...
2012
The Rose-comb Mutation in Chickens Constitutes a Structural Rearrangement Causing Both Altered Comb Morphology and Defective Sperm Motility
The molecular basis for the formation of functional , higher-ordered macro-molecular domains is not completely known . The Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ( KSHV ) genome forms a super-molecular domain structure during latent infection that is strictly dependent on the DNA binding of the viral nuclear antigen L...
KSHV genomes persist in large nuclear bodies in latently infected cells . The KSHV encoded nuclear antigen LANA is required for the efficient replication and stable maintenance of viral genomes during latent infection . LANA is also known to form oligomeric structures , but it is not known how these structures contribu...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cell", "cycle", "and", "cell", "division", "pathogens", "cell", "processes", "microbiology", "dna-binding", "proteins", "viral", "structure", "viruses", "viral", "genome", "dna", ...
2019
LANA oligomeric architecture is essential for KSHV nuclear body formation and viral genome maintenance during latency
Over the last decade , implementation research and a science of global health delivery have emerged as important vehicles to improve the effectiveness of interventions . Efforts to control neglected tropical diseases ( NTD ) operate in challenging circumstances and with marginalized populations , making attention to co...
Many efficacious tools exist to control NTDs , but effectively moving these tools and approaches from the boardroom to the village is a complicated socio-political process . In the era of Sustainable Development Goals , global health has become more focused on improving the delivery of existing interventions . Greater ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "tropical", "diseases", "geographical", "locations", "vertebrates", "uganda", "dogs", "animals", "mammals", "rabies", "tanzania", "global", "health", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "africa", "veterinary", "science", "public...
2018
Towards a science of global health delivery: A socio-anthropological framework to improve the effectiveness of neglected tropical disease interventions
Effective triage of dengue patients early in the disease course for in- or out-patient management would be useful for optimal healthcare resource utilization while minimizing poor clinical outcome due to delayed intervention . Yet , early prognosis of severe dengue is hampered by the heterogeneity in clinical presentat...
Dengue , an acute arboviral disease has emerged globally , inflicting debilitating symptoms in 96 million people . The early prediction of severe dengue ( dengue hemorrhagic fever , DHF ) is challenging due to varied and late-presenting symptoms , requiring frequent monitoring for signs of disease progression . An ofte...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "neurochemistry", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "platelet", "aggregation", "tropical", "diseases", "biomarkers", "neuroscience", "serotonin", "metabolomics", "metabolites", "signs...
2016
Serum Metabolomics Reveals Serotonin as a Predictor of Severe Dengue in the Early Phase of Dengue Fever
Sand fly saliva has an array of pharmacological and immunomodulatory components , and immunity to saliva protects against Leishmania infection . In the present study , we have studied the immune response against Lutzomyia intermedia saliva , the main vector of Leishmania braziliensis in Brazil , and the effects of sali...
Parasites of the genus Leishmania cause a variety of diseases known as leishmaniasis , that are transmitted by bites of female sand flies that , during blood-feeding , inject humans with parasites and saliva . It was shown that , in mice , immunity to sand-fly saliva is able to protect against the development of leishm...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "immunology/immunomodulation", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "immunology/immune", "response", "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections", "immunology/immunity", "to", "infections" ]
2007
Enhanced Leishmania braziliensis Infection Following Pre-Exposure to Sandfly Saliva
Helminth co-infection in humans is common in tropical regions of the world where transmission of soil-transmitted helminths such as Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura , and the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale as well as other helminths such as Schistosoma mansoni often occur simultaneousl...
Parasitic infections in humans are common in tropical regions and under bad housing and sanitation conditions multiple parasitic infections are the rule rather than the exception . For helminth infections , which are thought to affect almost a quarter of the world's population , most common combinations include soil-tr...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "schistosomiasis", "soil-transmitted", "helminths", "immunity", "immunity", "to", "infections", "immunology", "biology", "neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "hookworm", "immunomodulation" ]
2011
Necator americanus and Helminth Co-Infections: Further Down-Modulation of Hookworm-Specific Type 1 Immune Responses
AKAP200 is a Drosophila melanogaster member of the “A Kinase Associated Protein” family of scaffolding proteins , known for their role in the spatial and temporal regulation of Protein Kinase A ( PKA ) in multiple signaling contexts . Here , we demonstrate an unexpected function of AKAP200 in promoting Notch protein st...
AKAP200 belongs to a family of scaffolding proteins best known for their regulation of PKA localization . In this study , we have identified a novel role of AKAP200 in Notch protein stability and signaling . In Drosophila melanogaster , AKAP200’s loss and gain-of-function ( LOF/GOF ) phenotypes are characteristic of No...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]
[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "lysosomes", "animals", "notch", "signaling", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "immunoprecipitation", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "co-immunoprecipitation", "eyes", "g...
2018
AKAP200 promotes Notch stability by protecting it from Cbl/lysosome-mediated degradation in Drosophila melanogaster
In plants , multiple detached tissues are capable of forming a pluripotent cell mass , termed callus , when cultured on media containing appropriate plant hormones . Recent studies demonstrated that callus resembles the root-tip meristem , even if it is derived from aerial organs . This finding improves our understandi...
Callus formation is a necessary step in regenerating a new plant from detached plant tissues , and the nature of the callus is similar to that of the root meristem . In this study , we intended to address the molecular basis that directs different plant tissues to form the root-meristem-like callus . We found that leav...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "developmental", "biology", "plant", "science", "plant", "growth", "and", "development", "plant", "biology", "genetics", "epigenetics", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "cell", "fate", "determination", "histone", "modification" ]
2012
Reprogramming of H3K27me3 Is Critical for Acquisition of Pluripotency from Cultured Arabidopsis Tissues
Telomeres protect the chromosome ends from degradation and play crucial roles in cellular aging and disease . Recent studies have additionally found a correlation between psychological stress , telomere length , and health outcome in humans . However , studies have not yet explored the causal relationship between stres...
Over 70 years ago , Barbara McClintock described telomeres and hypothesized about their role in protecting the integrity of chromosomes . Since then , scientists have shown that telomere length is highly regulated and associated with cell senescence and longevity , as well as with age-related disorders and cancer . Her...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "and", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[]
2013
Environmental Stresses Disrupt Telomere Length Homeostasis
We report efficacy and safety outcomes from a prospective case series of 31 late-stage T . b . gambiense sleeping sickness ( Human African Trypanosomiasis , HAT ) patients treated with a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine ( N+E ) in Yumbe , northwest Uganda in 2002–2003 , following on a previously reported term...
African sleeping sickness ( Human African Trypanosomiasis , or HAT ) , due to the parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense , threatens millions across remote and conflict-affected regions of sub-Saharan Africa , and causes about 15 000 reported cases every year . Untreated HAT progresses from stage 1 ( infection of the bl...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "infectious", "diseases/infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "pharmacology/drug", "resistance", "pharmacology/drug", "development", "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections", "infectious", ...
2007
Nifurtimox plus Eflornithine for Late-Stage Sleeping Sickness in Uganda: A Case Series
Cardiac aging is a complex process , which is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors . Deciphering the mechanisms involved in heart senescence therefore requires identifying the molecular pathways that are affected by age in controlled environmental and genetic conditions . We describe a functional genomi...
Age-associated changes in cardiac structure and function have been implicated in the markedly increased risk of cardiovascular disease , but the molecular basis of these processes is ill-defined . It is difficult to study the genetics of heart aging in mammalian models because of their long life spans and their complex...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "functional", "genomics", "animal", "genetics", "animal", "models", "genome", "analysis", "tools", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "model", "organisms", "gene", "expression", "regulatory", "networks", "biology", "transcriptomes", "microarrays", "genetics", "genomics", "gene...
2012
dJun and Vri/dNFIL3 Are Major Regulators of Cardiac Aging in Drosophila
Biomedical research has been previously reported to primarily focus on a minority of all known genes . Here , we demonstrate that these differences in attention can be explained , to a large extent , exclusively from a small set of identifiable chemical , physical , and biological properties of genes . Together with kn...
Biomedical research is one of the largest areas of present-day science and embeds the hope and potential to improve the lives of the general public . In order to understand how individual scientists choose individual research questions , we study why certain genes are well studied but others are not . While it has been...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]
[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "rna", "interference", "citation", "analysis", "model", "organisms", "scientists", "experimental", "organism", "systems", "genome", "analysis", "epigenetics", "molecular", "biology", "techniques", "science", "and", "technology", "w...
2018
Large-scale investigation of the reasons why potentially important genes are ignored
The p53 tumor suppressor is a sequence-specific pleiotropic transcription factor that coordinates cellular responses to DNA damage and stress , initiating cell-cycle arrest or triggering apoptosis . Although the human p53 binding site sequence ( or response element [RE] ) is well characterized , some genes have consens...
The p53 tumor suppressor is a transcription factor that coordinates cellular responses to DNA damage and stress , initiating cell-cycle arrest or triggering apoptosis . Evolutionary conservation is often employed to separate the functional “wheat” from the nonfunctional “chaff” when identifying binding sites of transcr...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "primates", "rattus", "(rat)", "dog", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "homo", "(human)", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "mus", "(mouse)" ]
2007
Divergent Evolution of Human p53 Binding Sites: Cell Cycle Versus Apoptosis
In flat-faced dog breeds , air resistance caused by skull conformation is believed to be a major determinant of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome ( BOAS ) . The clinical presentation of BOAS is heterogeneous , suggesting determinants independent of skull conformation contribute to airway disease . Norwich Terr...
Respiratory diseases are prevalent across dog breeds , particularly in brachycephalic breeds such as the Bulldog and French bulldog . The flat facial conformation of these breeds has long been assumed to be the major predisposing factor , however , the underlying genetics of their respiratory condition has never been e...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]
[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "animal", "types", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "ears", "vertebrates", "pets", "and", "companion", "animals", "dogs", "animals", "mammals", "palate", "genetic", "mapping...
2019
An ADAMTS3 missense variant is associated with Norwich Terrier upper airway syndrome
Madariaga virus ( MADV ) , also known as South American eastern equine encephalitis virus , has been identified in animals and humans in South and Central America , but not previously in Hispaniola or the northern Caribbean . MADV was isolated from virus cultures of plasma from an 8-year-old child in a school cohort in...
Madariaga virus ( MADV ) is the name given to what used to be called South American eastern equine encephalitis virus ( EEEV ) , based on recent studies suggesting that MADV is distinct genetically from the EEEV circulating in North America . Until now , MADV has been found primarily in animals in South and Central Ame...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "dengue", "virus", "children", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "education", "togaviruses", "eastern", "equine", "encephalitis", "virus", "pathogens", "sociology", "geographical", "locations", "micr...
2019
Emergence of Madariaga virus as a cause of acute febrile illness in children, Haiti, 2015-2016
Transmission of avian influenza viruses from bird to human is a rare event even though avian influenza viruses infect the ciliated epithelium of human airways in vitro and ex vivo . Using an in vitro model of human ciliated airway epithelium ( HAE ) , we demonstrate that while human and avian influenza viruses efficien...
Influenza type A viruses are endemic in aquatic birds but can cross the species barrier to infect the human respiratory tract . While transmission from birds to humans is rare , the introduction of novel avian influenza viruses into immunologically naïve human populations has significant pandemic potential . Avian infl...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "infectious", "diseases/viral", "infections", "virology", "microbiology", "infectious", "diseases/respiratory", "infections" ]
2009
Avian Influenza Virus Glycoproteins Restrict Virus Replication and Spread through Human Airway Epithelium at Temperatures of the Proximal Airways
Pathogenic species of Leptospira are the causative agents of leptospirosis , a zoonotic disease that causes mortality and morbidity worldwide . The understanding of the virulence mechanisms of Leptospira spp is still at an early stage due to the limited number of genetic tools available for this microorganism . The dev...
Leptospirosis is a neglected infectious disease that sickens many humans and animals throughout the world . It is caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp . Few leptospiral genes that contribute to the disease have been identified . We generated a library of 800 L . interrogans mutants with transposon insertions in differen...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Method", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "leptospira", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "population", "genetics", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "gene", "pool", "genetic", "elements", "molecular", "biolog...
2016
High-Throughput Parallel Sequencing to Measure Fitness of Leptospira interrogans Transposon Insertion Mutants during Acute Infection
Previous studies have shown that stimulation of whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells with bacterial virulence factors results in the sequestration of pro-coagulant microvesicles ( MVs ) . These particles explore their clotting activity via the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway of coagulation; however , their...
The coagulation system is much more than a passive bystander in our defense against exogenous microorganisms . Over the last years there has been a growing body of evidence pointing to an integral part of coagulation in innate immunity and a special focus has been on bacterial entrapment in a fibrin network . However ,...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "medicine", "biology" ]
2013
A Novel Role for Pro-Coagulant Microvesicles in the Early Host Defense against Streptococcus pyogenes
Constraints in embryonic development are thought to bias the direction of evolution by making some changes less likely , and others more likely , depending on their consequences on ontogeny . Here , we characterize the constraints acting on genome evolution in vertebrates . We used gene expression data from two vertebr...
Because embryonic development must proceed correctly for an animal to survive , changes in evolution are constrained according to their effects on development . Changes that disrupt development too dramatically are thus rare in evolution . While this has been long observed at the morphological level , it has been more ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics", "developmental", "biology/developmental", "evolution", "evolutionary", "biology/genomics", "computational", "biology/genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/bioinformatics", "evolutionary", "biology/developmental", "evolution" ]
2008
Developmental Constraints on Vertebrate Genome Evolution
Increased incidence of hand , foot and mouth disease ( HFMD ) has been recognized as a critical challenge to communicable disease control and public health response . This study aimed to quantify the association between climate variation and notified cases of HFMD in selected cities of Shanxi Province , and to provide ...
Understanding of the impact of weather variables on HFMD transmission remains limited due to various local climatic conditions , socioeconomic status and demographic characteristics in different regions . This study provides quantitative evidence that the incidence of HFMD cases was significantly associated with temper...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[]
2015
The Effect of Meteorological Variables on the Transmission of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Four Major Cities of Shanxi Province, China: A Time Series Data Analysis (2009-2013)
Chromosomal gains and losses comprise an important type of genetic change in tumors , and can now be assayed using microarray hybridization-based experiments . Most current statistical models for DNA copy number estimate total copy number , which do not distinguish between the underlying quantities of the two inherited...
Many genetic diseases are related to copy number aberrations of some regions of the genome . As we know , each chromosome normally has two copies . However , under some circumstances , for some regions , either one or both of the chromosomes change . Genotyping microarray data provides the copy number of the two allele...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]
[ "computational", "biology" ]
2011
Estimation of Parent Specific DNA Copy Number in Tumors using High-Density Genotyping Arrays
Our appreciation for the extent of Epstein Barr virus ( EBV ) transcriptome complexity continues to grow through findings of EBV encoded microRNAs , new long non-coding RNAs as well as the more recent discovery of over a hundred new polyadenylated lytic transcripts . Here we report an additional layer to the EBV transc...
Our understanding of the extent of EBV transcriptome complexity has recently come to light with discoveries of viral microRNAs , snoRNAs , and a diverse set of transcript isoforms expressed during reactivation . While EBV utilizes distinct transcriptional programs during it’s normal infection cycle , the latency progra...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]
[ "sequencing", "techniques", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "nucleases", "enzymes", "pathogens", "gene", "regulation", "dna-binding", "proteins", "enzymology", "microbiology", "viruses", "micrornas", "dna", "viruses",...
2018
The Epstein Barr virus circRNAome
A purely information theory-guided approach to quantitatively characterize protease specificity is established . We calculate an entropy value for each protease subpocket based on sequences of cleaved substrates extracted from the MEROPS database . We compare our results with known subpocket specificity profiles for in...
Proteases show a broad range of cleavage specificities . Promiscuous proteases as digestive enzymes unspecifically degrade peptides , whereas highly specific proteases are involved in signaling cascades . As a quantitative index of substrate specificity was lacking , we introduce cleavage entropy as a measure of substr...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "biochemistry", "protein", "interactions", "proteins", "chemistry", "biology", "computational", "chemistry" ]
2013
Cleavage Entropy as Quantitative Measure of Protease Specificity
Eukaryotic protein kinases ( EPKs ) regulate numerous signaling processes by phosphorylating targeted substrates through the highly conserved catalytic domain . Our previous computational studies proposed a model stating that a properly assembled nonlinear motif termed the Regulatory ( R ) spine is essential for cataly...
Eukaryotic protein kinases ( EPKs ) have a highly conserved enzymatic kinase core that is involved in the regulation of numerous cell signaling processes through the transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) to more than 30% of human proteins . EPKs have been implicated in numerous human disease...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[]
2013
Deciphering the Structural Basis of Eukaryotic Protein Kinase Regulation
New foci of human CL caused by strains of the Leishmania donovani ( L . donovani ) complex have been recently described in Cyprus and the Çukurova region in Turkey ( L . infantum ) situated 150 km north of Cyprus . Cypriot strains were typed by Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis ( MLEE ) using the Montpellier ( MON ) sy...
In eastern Mediterranean , leishmaniasis represents a major public health problem with considerable impact on morbidity and potential to spread . Cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) caused by L . major or L . tropica accounts for most cases in this region although visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) caused by L . infantum is also...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "biology" ]
2012
Multilocus Microsatellite Typing (MLMT) of Strains from Turkey and Cyprus Reveals a Novel Monophyletic L. donovani Sensu Lato Group
Chagas disease is a tropical parasitic disease affecting about 10 million people , mostly in the Americas , and transmitted mainly by triatomine bugs . Insect vector control with indoor residual insecticides and the promotion of housing improvement is the main control intervention . The success of such interventions re...
Chagas disease is a tropical parasitic disease affecting about 10 million people , mostly in the Americas , and transmitted mainly by triatomine bugs . The elimination of the insect vectors from houses is the main strategy for the prevention of the disease . The success of such interventions relies on their acceptance ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "infectious", "diseases", "psychology", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chagas", "disease", "communication", "in", "health", "care", "protozoan", "infections", "biology", "and", "life", "sciences", "vector-borne", "diseases", "collective", "human", "behavior",...
2014
Analysis of Children's Perception of Triatomine Vectors of Chagas Disease through Drawings: Opportunities for Targeted Health Education
Numerous obesity loci have been identified using genome-wide association studies . A UK study indicated that physical activity may attenuate the cumulative effect of 12 of these loci , but replication studies are lacking . Therefore , we tested whether the aggregate effect of these loci is diminished in adults of Europ...
We undertook analyses in 111 , 421 adults of European descent to examine whether physical activity diminishes the genetic risk of obesity predisposed by 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms , as previously reported in a study of 20 , 000 UK adults ( Li et al , PLoS Med . 2010 ) . Although the study by Li et al is widely ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "systems", "biology", "medicine", "nutrition", "clinical", "epidemiology", "clinical", "research", "design", "genetic", "association", "studies", "epidemiology", "obesity", "cohort", "studies", "genetics", "population", "genetics", ...
2013
Gene × Physical Activity Interactions in Obesity: Combined Analysis of 111,421 Individuals of European Ancestry
Odor-guided behaviors , including homing , predator avoidance , or food and mate searching , are ubiquitous in animals . It is only recently that the neural substrate underlying olfactomotor behaviors in vertebrates was uncovered in lampreys . It consists of a neural pathway extending from the medial part of the olfact...
Olfactory-induced behaviors ( homing , food or mate searching , etc . ) are crucial for the survival and reproduction of most animals . A neural substrate underlying odor-induced behaviors in vertebrates was recently uncovered using a basal vertebrate model: the lamprey . It consists of a neural pathway extending from ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "fish", "brain", "vertebrates", "neuroscience", "animals", "biological", "locomotion", "surgical", "and", "invasive", "medical", "procedures", "lampreys", "olfactory", "organs", "functional", "electrical", "stimulation", "animal", ...
2018
GABAergic modulation of olfactomotor transmission in lampreys
If perturbing two genes together has a stronger or weaker effect than expected , they are said to genetically interact . Genetic interactions are important because they help map gene function , and functionally related genes have similar genetic interaction patterns . Mapping quantitative ( positive and negative ) gene...
Genetic interactions indicate functional dependencies between genes and are a powerful tool to predict gene function . Functionally related genes tend to have similar profiles of genetic interactions . Recently , global scale mapping of quantitative ( positive and negative ) genetic interactions has been performed . Th...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]
[ "genetics", "and", "genomics/genomics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/functional", "genomics", "computational", "biology/molecular", "genetics", "genetics", "and", "genomics/bioinformatics", "computational", "biology/genomics", "computational", "biology", "genetics", "and", "gen...
2011
Protein Complexes are Central in the Yeast Genetic Landscape
Both avian and mammalian basal ganglia are involved in voluntary motor control . In birds , such movements include hopping , perching and flying . Two organizational features that distinguish the songbird basal ganglia are that striatal and pallidal neurons are intermingled , and that neurons dedicated to vocal-motor f...
Understanding how gene transcription relates to behavior is challenging . Learned vocal-motor behavior is a complex trait that represents the output of multiple converging genes , pathways , and patterns of neural activity . Here , we applied a systems analytical approach to determine how thousands of genes change thei...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "gene", "networks", "neuroscience", "gene", "function", "animal", "models", "motor", "systems", "model", "organisms", "biology", "neuroethology", "microarrays", "systems", "biology", "genetics", "computational", "biology", "behavioral", "neuroscience", "genetics", "and", ...
2012
Distinct Neurogenomic States in Basal Ganglia Subregions Relate Differently to Singing Behavior in Songbirds
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are endogenously produced ∼21-nt riboregulators that associate with Argonaute ( Ago ) proteins to direct mRNA cleavage or repress the translation of complementary RNAs . Capturing the molecular mechanisms of miRNA interacting with its target will not only reinforce the understanding of underlying R...
One of the biggest surprises at the beginning of the ‘post-genome era’ was the discovery of numerous genes encoding microRNAs . The number of microRNA genes is estimated to be nearly 1% of that of protein-coding genes , which were found in genomes of such diverse organisms as Caenorhabditis elegans , Drosophila melanog...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "computational", "biology" ]
2010
Mechanism of MicroRNA-Target Interaction: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Thermodynamics Analysis
Let-7 miRNAs comprise one of the largest and most highly expressed family of miRNAs among vertebrates , and is critical for promoting differentiation , regulating metabolism , inhibiting cellular proliferation , and repressing carcinogenesis in a variety of tissues . The large size of the Let-7 family of miRNAs has com...
Cancer develops following multiple genetic mutations ( i . e . in tumor suppressors and oncogenes ) , and mutations that cooperate or synergize are often advantageous to cancer cell growth . To study how multiple genes might cooperate , it is usually informative to generate candidate mutations in cells or in mice . Lar...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[]
2015
Let-7 Represses Carcinogenesis and a Stem Cell Phenotype in the Intestine via Regulation of Hmga2
Rhodopsin has been used as a prototype system to investigate G protein-coupled receptor ( GPCR ) internalization and endocytic sorting mechanisms . Failure of rhodopsin recycling upon light activation results in various degenerative retinal diseases . Accumulation of internalized rhodopsin in late endosomes and the imp...
Malfunctioning of phototransduction is the major cause of human blindness . Without functional phototransduction , rhodopsin-1 , the major visual pigment , is rapidly endocytosed and accumulated in late endosomes . Impaired lysosomal delivery of endocytosed rhodopsin and its degradation has been reported to trigger pro...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "cell", "death", "neurobiology", "of", "disease", "and", "regeneration", "cellular", "stress", "responses", "animal", "genetics", "genetic", "mutation", "neuroscience", "g-protein", "signaling", "gene", "function", "animal", "models", "drosophila", "melanogaster", "mode...
2013
Negative Regulation of the Novel norpAP24 Suppressor, diehard4, in the Endo-lysosomal Trafficking Underlies Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration
Human genetics and immune responses are considered to critically influence the outcome of malaria infections including life-threatening syndromes caused by Plasmodium falciparum . An important role in immune regulation is assigned to the apoptosis-signaling cell surface receptor CD95 ( Fas , APO-1 ) , encoded by the ge...
Severe malaria caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a major health burden , causing approximately one million fatalities annually , predominantly among young children in Sub-Saharan Africa . The occurrence of severe malaria may depend on a complex interplay of transmission dynamics a...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]
[ "parastic", "protozoans", "plasmodium", "falciparum", "genetic", "association", "studies", "genetics", "protozoology", "biology", "human", "genetics", "microbiology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]
2011
A −436C>A Polymorphism in the Human FAS Gene Promoter Associated with Severe Childhood Malaria
The innate immune response is supposed to play an essential role in the control of amebic liver abscess ( ALA ) , a severe form of invasive amoebiasis due to infection with the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica . In a mouse model for the disease , we previously demonstrated that Jα18-/- mice , lacking invariant ...
Amoebiasis is a widespread human parasitic disease caused by the intestinal protozoan Entamoeba histolytica . There are two major clinical manifestations of the disease , amebic colitis and amebic liver abscess . Interestingly , only a small proportion of E . histolytica-infected individuals develop invasive disease , ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "biochemistry/macromolecular", "chemistry", "immunology/innate", "immunity", "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/tropical", "and", "travel-associated", "diseases", "immunology/leukocyte", "activation" ]
2009
Natural Killer T Cells Activated by a Lipopeptidophosphoglycan from Entamoeba histolytica Are Critically Important To Control Amebic Liver Abscess
Nonsense Mediated Decay ( NMD ) degrades transcripts that contain a premature STOP codon resulting from mistranscription or missplicing . However NMD's surveillance of gene expression varies in efficiency both among and within human genes . Previous work has shown that the intron content of human genes is influenced by...
In biological systems mistakes are made constantly because the cellular machinery is complex and error-prone . Mistakes are made in copying DNA for transmission to offspring ( “genetic mutations” ) but are much more frequent in the day-to-day task of gene expression . Genetic mutations are heritable and therefore have ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "genetic", "mutation", "genome", "evolution", "population", "genetics", "rna", "stability", "dna", "transcription", "mutation", "mutation", "types", "molecular", "genetics", "sequence", "analysis", "gene", "expression", "gene", "splicing", "biology", "evolutionary", "ge...
2011
Preventing Dangerous Nonsense: Selection for Robustness to Transcriptional Error in Human Genes
Vast research efforts have been devoted to providing clinical diagnostic markers of myocardial infarction ( MI ) , leading to over one million abstracts associated with “MI” and “Cardiovascular Diseases” in PubMed . Accumulation of the research results imposed a challenge to integrate and interpret these results . To a...
Heart attack , known medically as myocardial infarction , often occurs as a result of partial shortage of blood supply to a portion of the heart , leading to the death of heart muscle cells . Following myocardial infarction , complications might arise , including arrhythmia , myocardial rupture , left ventricular dysfu...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]
[ "systems", "biology", "text", "mining", "natural", "language", "processing", "signaling", "networks", "biology", "computational", "biology" ]
2014
Integrative Computational and Experimental Approaches to Establish a Post-Myocardial Infarction Knowledge Map
In neurons , the timely and accurate expression of genes in response to synaptic activity relies on the interplay between epigenetic modifications of histones , recruitment of regulatory proteins to chromatin and changes to nuclear structure . To identify genes and regulatory elements responsive to synaptic activation ...
In neurons , acetylation of histones and other epigenetic modifications influence gene expression in response to synaptic activity . Genes that are concomitantly expressed in response to stimulation are transcribed at specific nuclear foci , known as transcription factories ( TFs ) that are enriched with active RNA Pol...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "cellular", "structures", "chromosome", "structure", "and", "function", "neuroscience", "cell", "differentiation", "dna", "transcription", "histone", "modification", "animal", "models", "developmental", "biology", "model", "organisms", "epigenetics", "cell", "nucleus", "c...
2013
Binding of TFIIIC to SINE Elements Controls the Relocation of Activity-Dependent Neuronal Genes to Transcription Factories
Type 1 interferons ( T1-IFNs ) play a major role in antiviral defense , but when or how they protect during infections that spread through the lympho-hematogenous route is not known . Orthopoxviruses , including those that produce smallpox and mousepox , spread lympho-hematogenously . They also encode a decoy receptor ...
Type 1 interferons are molecules important in the defense against viruses . Orthopoxviruses encode a Type 1 interferon binding protein that acts as a decoy for the Type 1 interferon receptor . Here we show that during infection with the Orthopoxvirus ectromelia virus , the agent of mousepox , Type 1 interferons protect...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "immunity", "to", "infections", "immunology", "microbiology", "host-pathogen", "interaction", "mechanisms", "of", "resistance", "and", "susceptibility", "immunotherapy", "animal", "models", "of", "infection", "virulence", "factors", "and", "mechanisms", "viral", "immune",...
2012
Antibody Inhibition of a Viral Type 1 Interferon Decoy Receptor Cures a Viral Disease by Restoring Interferon Signaling in the Liver
Two distinct Polycomb complexes , PRC1 and PRC2 , collaborate to maintain epigenetic repression of key developmental loci in embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ) . PRC1 and PRC2 have histone modifying activities , catalyzing mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A ( H2AK119u1 ) and trimethylation of H3 lysine 27 ( H3K27me3 ) , res...
Polycomb-group ( PcG ) proteins play essential roles in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression during development . PcG proteins form two distinct multimeric complexes , PRC1 and PRC2 . In the widely accepted hierarchical model , PRC2 is recruited to specific genomic locations and catalyzes trimethylation of H3 l...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "gene", "regulation", "cell", "differentiation", "histone", "modification", "developmental", "biology", "genome", "analysis", "tools", "stem", "cells", "epigenetics", "molecular", "genetics", "chromatin", "chromosome", "biology", "...
2012
Histone H2A Mono-Ubiquitination Is a Crucial Step to Mediate PRC1-Dependent Repression of Developmental Genes to Maintain ES Cell Identity
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that alternates its life cycle between the sand-fly vector and the mammalian host . This alternation involves environmental changes and leads the parasite to dynamic modifications in morphology , metabolism , cellular signaling and regulation of gene expression to allow for a rapid ad...
Leishmania are auxotrophic for many essential nutrients , including amino acids . In this way , the parasite needs to uptake the amino acids from the environment . The uptake of amino acids is mediated by amino acid transporters that are unique for Leishmania . As part of polyamine pathway , the arginase converts L-arg...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion", "Conclusions" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "chemical", "compounds", "gene", "regulation", "microbiology", "parasitic", "diseases", "parasitic", "protozoans", "protozoan", "life", "cycles", "parasitology", "organic", "compounds", "developmental", "biology", "protozoans", "le...
2017
RNA-seq transcriptional profiling of Leishmania amazonensis reveals an arginase-dependent gene expression regulation
Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised hosts . The highest incidence for this disease is on Vancouver Island , Canada , where an outbreak is expanding into neighboring regions including mainland British Columbia and the United States . ...
Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are increasing worldwide and represent a major public health concern . One class of emerging human and animal diseases is caused by fungi . In this study , we examine the expansion on an outbreak of a fungus , Cryptococcus gattii , in the Pacific Northwest of the United State...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "infectious", "diseases/fungal", "infections", "molecular", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "microbiology" ]
2010
Emergence and Pathogenicity of Highly Virulent Cryptococcus gattii Genotypes in the Northwest United States
Humans and animals are able to learn complex behaviors based on a massive stream of sensory information from different modalities . Early animal studies have identified learning mechanisms that are based on reward and punishment such that animals tend to avoid actions that lead to punishment whereas rewarded actions ar...
Humans and animals are able to learn complex behaviors based on a massive stream of sensory information from different modalities . Early animal studies have identified learning mechanisms that are based on reward and punishment such that animals tend to avoid actions that lead to punishment whereas rewarded actions ar...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "neuroscience/behavioral", "neuroscience", "neuroscience/natural", "and", "synthetic", "vision", "neuroscience/theoretical", "neuroscience", "computational", "biology/computational", "neuroscience" ]
2010
Reinforcement Learning on Slow Features of High-Dimensional Input Streams
Gene-expression deconvolution is used to quantify different types of cells in a mixed population . It provides a highly promising solution to rapidly characterize the tumor-infiltrating immune landscape and identify cold cancers . However , a major challenge is that gene-expression data are frequently contaminated by m...
Rapidly emerging evidence suggests that the tumor immune microenvironment not only predisposes cancer patients to diverse treatment outcomes but also represents a promising source of biomarkers for better patient stratification . Different from the immunohistochemistry-based scoring practice , which focuses on a few se...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "blood", "cells", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "cells", "engineering", "and", "technology", "applied", "mathematics", "immunology", "pert", "simulation", "and", "modeling", "algorithms", "probability", "distribution", "mathematics", "lymph", "nodes...
2019
Fast and robust deconvolution of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte from expression profiles using least trimmed squares
Genomic imprinting is a process that causes genes to be expressed from one allele only according to parental origin , the other allele being silent . Diseases can arise when the normally active alleles are not expressed . In this context , low level of expression of the normally silent alleles has been considered as ge...
Genomic imprinting is a process that causes genes to be expressed from only one of the two chromosomes , according to parental origin , the other copy of genes being silent . Prader-Willi Syndrome ( PWS ) is a neurodevelopmental disease involving imprinted genes , including NDN , which are only expressed from the pater...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[]
2013
Stochastic Loss of Silencing of the Imprinted Ndn/NDN Allele, in a Mouse Model and Humans with Prader-Willi Syndrome, Has Functional Consequences
Ebola virus ( EBOV ) is a highly pathogenic filovirus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and animals . Currently , how EBOV fuses its envelope membrane within an endosomal membrane to cause infection is poorly understood . We successfully measure cell-cell fusion mediated by the EBOV fusion protein , GP , assayed ...
The devastation and transmissibility of Ebola virus ( EBOV ) are well known . However , the manner in which EBOV enters host cells through endosomal membrane remains elusive . Here , we have developed a convenient experimental system to mimic EBOV fusion in endosomes: cells expressing the fusion protein of EBOV , GP , ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[]
2016
Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion by Ebola Virus Glycoprotein: Low pH Is Not a Trigger
Gliomas , the most common malignant tumors of the nervous system , frequently harbor mutations that activate the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase ( PI3K ) signaling pathways . To investigate the genetic basis of this disease , we developed a glioma model in Drosophila . We fou...
Malignant gliomas , tumors composed of glial cells and their precursors , are the most common and deadly human brain tumors . These tumors infiltrate the brain and proliferate rapidly , properties that render them largely incurable even with current therapies . Mutations in genes within the EGFR-Ras and PI3K signaling ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "cell", "biology/neuronal", "and", "glial", "cell", "biology", "cell", "biology/cell", "signaling", "oncology/neuro-oncology", "cell", "biology/cell", "growth", "and", "division", "genetics", "and", "genomics/disease", "models", "neuroscience/neurodevelopment", "developmental...
2009
A Drosophila Model for EGFR-Ras and PI3K-Dependent Human Glioma
Microtubule-based kinesin motors have many cellular functions , including the transport of a variety of cargos . However , unconventional roles have recently emerged , and kinesins have also been reported to act as scaffolding proteins and signaling molecules . In this work , we further extend the notion of unconventio...
Myelin is a multilayered extension of the Schwann and oligodendrocyte cell membranes , which wraps around neuronal axons to facilitate propagation of electric signals and to support axonal metabolism . However , the signals regulating myelin formation and how they are integrated and controlled to achieve homeostasis ar...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "phosphorylation", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "nervous", "system", "neuroscience", "macroglial", "cells", "optic", "nerve", "schwann", "cells", "nerve", "fibers", "spinal", "cord", "animal", "cells", "proteins", "glial", "cells", "biochemistry", "cellula...
2016
Kif13b Regulates PNS and CNS Myelination through the Dlg1 Scaffold
Alveolar echinococcosis , caused by Echinococcus multilocularis larvae , is a chronic disease associated with considerable modulation of the host immune response . Dendritic cells ( DC ) are key effectors in shaping the immune response and among the first cells encountered by the parasite during an infection . Although...
Parasitic helminths are inducers of chronic diseases and have evolved mechanisms to suppress the host immune response . Mostly from studies on roundworms , a picture is currently emerging that helminths secrete factors ( E/S-products ) that directly act on sentinels of the immune system , dendritic cells , in order to ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "immune", "cells", "clinical", "immunology", "immunity", "immunology", "biology", "microbiology", "zoology" ]
2012
Excretory/Secretory-Products of Echinococcus multilocularis Larvae Induce Apoptosis and Tolerogenic Properties in Dendritic Cells In Vitro
Two highly similar RNA polymerase sigma subunits , σF and σG , govern the early and late phases of forespore-specific gene expression during spore differentiation in Bacillus subtilis . σF drives synthesis of σG but the latter only becomes active once engulfment of the forespore by the mother cell is completed , its le...
Positive auto-regulation of a transcriptional activator during cell differentiation or development often allows the rapid and robust deployment of cell- and stage-specific genes and the routing of the differentiating cell down a specific path . Positive auto-regulation however , raises the potential for inappropriate a...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "developmental", "biology", "cell", "fate", "determination", "genetic", "screens", "gene", "expression", "genetics", "biology", "microbial", "growth", "and", "development", "microbiology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "cell", "differentiation", "dna", "transcription", ...
2011
A Negative Feedback Loop That Limits the Ectopic Activation of a Cell Type–Specific Sporulation Sigma Factor of Bacillus subtilis
Restrictions on nematicide usage underscore the need for novel control strategies for plant pathogenic nematodes such as Globodera pallida ( potato cyst nematode ) that impose a significant economic burden on plant cultivation activities . The nematode neuropeptide signalling system is an attractive resource for novel ...
Plant pathogenic nematodes compromise plant health and productivity globally and are an increasing problem due to the lack of efficient control measures . The nematode nervous system depends heavily on small proteins ( neuropeptides ) for communication between nerve cells and other nerve cells or other cell types . The...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results/Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "molecular", "neuroscience", "rna", "interference", "small", "molecules", "neuroscience", "gene", "function", "immunochemistry", "molecular", "genetics", "signaling", "pathways", "gene", "expression", "biology", "molecular", "biology", "drug", "discovery", "biochemistry", ...
2013
flp-32 Ligand/Receptor Silencing Phenocopy Faster Plant Pathogenic Nematodes
Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , or sleeping sickness , results from infection with the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei ( T . b . ) gambiense or T . b . rhodesiense and is invariably fatal if untreated . There are 60 million people at risk from the disease throughout sub-Saharan Africa . The infection pro...
Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) is caused by infection with either Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or T . b . rhodesiense and is fatal if untreated . In the late stages of the disease the parasites enter the brain , producing severe neurological symptoms . The arsenical drug melarsoprol is the only treatment availab...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "infectious", "diseases", "infectious", "diseases", "of", "the", "nervous", "system", "drugs", "and", "devices", "african", "trypanosomiasis", "parasitic", "diseases" ]
2011
Melarsoprol Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes as Promising Oral Candidates for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis
We report the first genome-wide association study of habitual caffeine intake . We included 47 , 341 individuals of European descent based on five population-based studies within the United States . In a meta-analysis adjusted for age , sex , smoking , and eigenvectors of population variation , two loci achieved genome...
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world . Although demographic and social factors have been linked to habitual caffeine consumption , twin studies report a large heritable component . Through a comprehensive search of the human genome involving over 40 , 000 participants , we discovered...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "social", "and", "behavioral", "sciences" ]
2011
Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies Regions on 7p21 (AHR) and 15q24 (CYP1A2) As Determinants of Habitual Caffeine Consumption
Here we put forward a mathematical model describing the response of low-grade ( WHO grade II ) oligodendrogliomas ( LGO ) to temozolomide ( TMZ ) . The model describes the longitudinal volumetric dynamics of tumor response to TMZ of a cohort of 11 LGO patients treated with TMZ . After finding patient-specific parameter...
We developed a mathematical model describing the longitudinal volumetric growth data of grade II oligodendroglioma patients and their response to temozolomide . The model was used to explore alternative therapeutic protocols for the in-silico twins of the patients and in virtual clinical trials . The simulations show t...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "cell", "death", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "cancer", "treatment", "clinical", "oncology", "cell", "processes", "cancers", "and", "neoplasms", "mathematical", "models", "toxicology", "oncology", "neurological",...
2019
Computational design of improved standardized chemotherapy protocols for grade II oligodendrogliomas
Eukaryotic gene expression involves tight coordination between transcription and pre–mRNA splicing; however , factors responsible for this coordination remain incompletely defined . Here , we explored the genetic , functional , and biochemical interactions of a likely coordinator , Npl3 , an SR-like protein in Saccharo...
Pre-messenger RNA splicing is the process by which an intron is identified and removed from a transcript and the protein-coding exons are ligated together . It is carried out by the spliceosome , a large and dynamic molecular machine that catalyzes the splicing reaction . It is now apparent that most splicing occurs wh...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "genetics", "biology", "molecular", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]
2012
The Yeast SR-Like Protein Npl3 Links Chromatin Modification to mRNA Processing
Glutamate-gated chloride channel receptors ( GluClRs ) mediate inhibitory neurotransmission at invertebrate synapses and are primary targets of parasites that impact drastically on agriculture and human health . Ivermectin ( IVM ) is a broad-spectrum pesticide that binds and potentiates GluClR activity . Resistance to ...
Glutamate-gated chloride channel receptors ( GluClRs ) mediate chemoelectric inhibition in invertebrate animals and are targets for broad-spectrum pesticides such as ivermectin . However , resistance to ivermectin threatens the effective control of invertebrates that cause a range of agricultural and human diseases . T...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "methods" ]
[ "invertebrates", "single", "channel", "recording", "neurochemistry", "caenorhabditis", "vertebrates", "social", "sciences", "neuroscience", "animals", "xenopus", "germ", "cells", "animal", "models", "oocytes", "caenorhabditis", "elegans", "model", "organisms", "amphibians",...
2019
GluClR-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents reveal targets for ivermectin and potential mechanisms of ivermectin resistance
Cellular metabolism continuously processes an enormous range of external compounds into endogenous metabolites and is as such a key element in human physiology . The multifaceted physiological role of the metabolic network fulfilling the catalytic conversions can only be fully understood from a whole-body perspective w...
Cellular metabolism is a key element in human physiology . Ideally the metabolic network needs to be considered within the context of the surrounding tissue and organism since the various levels of biological organization are mutually influencing each other . To mechanistically describe the interplay between intracellu...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "medicine", "drug", "absorption", "drugs", "and", "devices", "metabolic", "networks", "population", "modeling", "pharmacology", "drug", "metabolism", "drug", "distribution", "biology", "metabolic", "disorders", "pharmacokinetics", "systems", "biology", "computational", "b...
2012
Integrating Cellular Metabolism into a Multiscale Whole-Body Model
Human kidney function declines with age , accompanied by stereotyped changes in gene expression and histopathology , but the mechanisms underlying these changes are largely unknown . To identify potential regulators of kidney aging , we compared age-associated transcriptional changes in the human kidney with genome-wid...
The structure and function of human kidneys deteriorate steadily with age , yet little is known about the underlying causes of kidney aging . In this work , we first used a genomics approach to identify candidate regulators of gene expression changes in the aging human kidney and identified inflammation-related transcr...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[]
2015
The Inflammatory Transcription Factors NFκB, STAT1 and STAT3 Drive Age-Associated Transcriptional Changes in the Human Kidney
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causes of infectious diarrhea world-wide , although relatively little is know about its mechanisms of pathogenicity . This bacterium can gain entry into intestinal epithelial cells , which is thought to be important for its ability to persistently infect and cause disease . We f...
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of food-borne illness in the United States and a major cause of diarrheal disease throughout the world . After infection through the oral route , this bacterium invades the cells of the intestinal epithelium , a property that is important for its ability to cause di...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "cell", "biology", "infectious", "diseases", "microbiology", "eubacteria" ]
2008
Campylobacter jejuni Survives within Epithelial Cells by Avoiding Delivery to Lysosomes
Rainfall patterns are one of the main drivers of dengue transmission as mosquitoes require standing water to reproduce . However , excess rainfall can be disruptive to the Aedes reproductive cycle by “flushing out” aquatic stages from breeding sites . We developed models to predict the occurrence of such “flushing” eve...
Dengue transmission is sensitive to fluctuations in rainfall and other weather conditions because it is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito . Recent studies have identified that extreme rainfall can result in mosquito breeding site flushing . However , these rainfall conditions have neither been described nor evaluated f...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "invertebrates", "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "monsoons", "atmospheric", "science", "geographical", "locations", "animals", "singapore", "seasons", "developmental", "biology", "storms", "insect", "vectors", "zoology", "infectious", "diseases", "life", "cycles"...
2018
Statistical modeling of the effect of rainfall flushing on dengue transmission in Singapore
Disruption of certain genes can reveal cryptic genetic variants that do not typically show phenotypic effects . Because this phenomenon , which is referred to as ‘phenotypic capacitance’ , is a potential source of trait variation and disease risk , it is important to understand how it arises at the genetic and molecula...
Some genetic polymorphisms have phenotypic effects that are masked under most conditions , but can be revealed by mutations or environmental change . The genetic and molecular mechanisms that suppress and uncover these cryptic genetic variants are important to understand . Here , we show that a single mutation in a yea...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[]
2015
Transcriptional Derepression Uncovers Cryptic Higher-Order Genetic Interactions
Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , also known as sleeping sickness , is a parasitic tropical disease . It progresses from the first , haemolymphatic stage to a neurological second stage due to invasion of parasites into the central nervous system ( CNS ) . As treatment depends on the stage of disease , there is a ...
The actual serological and parasitological tests used for the diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , also known as sleeping sickness , are not sensitive and specific enough . The card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis ( CATT ) assay , widely used for the diagnosis , is restricted to the gambiense for...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Material", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "biochemistry/bioinformatics" ]
2009
A Combined CXCL10, CXCL8 and H-FABP Panel for the Staging of Human African Trypanosomiasis Patients
Leprosy is an insidious infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria Mycobacterium leprae , and host genetic factors can modulate the immune response and generate distinct categories of leprosy susceptibility that are also influenced by genetic ancestry . We investigated the possible effects of CYP1...
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae , which can carry to skin lesions and affect peripheral nerves , which cause physical and motor injuries on the patients . Moreover , leprosy , may be classified in two major groups , based on clinical manifestations in Paucibacillary ( PB ) or Multibacill...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[]
2015
Influence of Genetic Ancestry on INDEL Markers of NFKβ1, CASP8, PAR1, IL4 and CYP19A1 Genes in Leprosy Patients
We address the problem of homology identification in complex multidomain families with varied domain architectures . The challenge is to distinguish sequence pairs that share common ancestry from pairs that share an inserted domain but are otherwise unrelated . This distinction is essential for accuracy in gene annotat...
New genes evolve through the duplication and modification of existing genes . As a result , genes that share common ancestry tend to have similar structure and function . Computational methods that use common ancestry have been extraordinarily successful in inferring function . The practice of discerning evolutionary r...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Methods" ]
[ "evolutionary", "biology/evolutionary", "and", "comparative", "genetics", "computational", "biology/comparative", "sequence", "analysis", "computational", "biology/protein", "homology", "detection", "computational", "biology/evolutionary", "modeling", "evolutionary", "biology/genom...
2008
Sequence Similarity Network Reveals Common Ancestry of Multidomain Proteins
Apoptotic cells in animals are engulfed by phagocytic cells and subsequently degraded inside phagosomes . To study the mechanisms controlling the degradation of apoptotic cells , we developed time-lapse imaging protocols in developing Caenorhabditis elegans embryos and established the temporal order of multiple events ...
Cells undergoing programmed cell death , or apoptosis , within an animal are swiftly engulfed by phagocytes and degraded inside phagosomes , vesicles in which the apoptotic cell is bounded by the engulfing cell's membrane . Little is known about how the degradation process is triggered and controlled . We studied the d...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods", "Supporting", "Information" ]
[ "developmental", "biology", "cell", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]
2008
Phagocytic Receptor CED-1 Initiates a Signaling Pathway for Degrading Engulfed Apoptotic Cells
The progression and variation of pathology during infections can be due to components from both host or pathogen , and/or the interaction between them . The influence of host genetic variation on disease pathology during infections with trypanosomes has been well studied in recent years , but the role of parasite genet...
Trypanosomes are single-celled organisms that are transmitted between animal hosts by the tsetse fly . These parasites infect a wide range of mammals and in sub-Saharan Africa are extensively debilitating to livestock , and some species are also able to infect humans causing a disease , sleeping sickness , that is usua...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "infectious", "diseases/protozoal", "infections", "infectious", "diseases/neglected", "tropical", "diseases", "genetics", "and", "genomics/complex", "traits" ]
2009
A Major Genetic Locus in Trypanosoma brucei Is a Determinant of Host Pathology
In spite of its evolutionary significance and conservation importance , the population structure of the common chimpanzee , Pan troglodytes , is still poorly understood . An issue of particular controversy is whether the proposed fourth subspecies of chimpanzee , Pan troglodytes ellioti , from parts of Nigeria and Came...
Chimpanzees are viewed with fondness as our closest animal relatives and are valued by scientists for the biological and evolutionary insights they provide . In spite of this , the relationships between different populations of common chimpanzees are still relatively poorly understood , a situation that potentially thr...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "ecology", "genetics", "population", "genetics", "biology", "genomics", "population", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]
2012
Genomic Tools for Evolution and Conservation in the Chimpanzee: Pan troglodytes ellioti Is a Genetically Distinct Population
Few live attenuated vaccines protect against multiple serotypes of bacterial pathogen because host serotype-specific immune responses are limited to the serotype present in the vaccine strain . Here , immunization with a mutant of Shigella flexneri 2a protected guinea pigs against subsequent infection by S . dysenteria...
An ideal vaccine should show a broad range of protective efficacy against all serotypes of a particular pathogen . Variations in the structural lipopolysaccharide “O”-antigen mean that it is difficult to induce protection against multiple serotype Shigella strains using a single serotype immunogen . Here , we examined ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Materials", "and", "methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "immune", "physiology", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "pathogens", "immunology", "tropical", "diseases", "microbiology", "vertebrates", "animals", "mammals", "shigella", "animal", "models", "vaccines", "bacterial", ...
2017
An attenuated Shigella mutant lacking the RNA-binding protein Hfq provides cross-protection against Shigella strains of broad serotype
Canine leishmaniasis ( CanL ) is a zoonotic disease , caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by Phlebotomus perniciosus in the Mediterranean basin . Previously , an ELISA based on the P . perniciosus salivary protein SP03B was proposed as a valid tool to screen for canine exposure to sand fly bites across region...
The sand fly Phlebotomus perniciosus is the principle vector of Leishmania infantum , causing canine leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin . While the sand fly female takes a blood meal , it injects saliva into the host skin , evoking a specific antibody response in the host . The antibody level in the host correlat...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Methods", "Results", "Discussion" ]
[ "medicine", "and", "health", "sciences", "enzyme-linked", "immunoassays", "body", "fluids", "pathology", "and", "laboratory", "medicine", "vertebrates", "sand", "flies", "saliva", "dogs", "animals", "mammals", "infectious", "disease", "control", "insect", "vectors", "...
2018
Evaluation of the rSP03B sero-strip, a newly proposed rapid test for canine exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus, vector of Leishmania infantum
Trypanosomatid parasites cause serious infections in humans and production losses in livestock . Due to the high divergence from other eukaryotes , such as humans and model organisms , the functional roles of many trypanosomatid proteins cannot be predicted by homology-based methods , rendering a significant portion of...
Methods to predict protein function based on sequences enable the rapid annotation of newly sequenced genomes . However , as most of these methods rely on homology-based approaches , non-conserved proteins in trypanosomatids remain elusive for annotation , rendering approximately half of the sequenced proteins uncharac...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Program", "description", "and", "methods", "Conclusions", "and", "future", "directions" ]
[ "protein", "interactions", "protein", "interaction", "networks", "parasitic", "protozoans", "organisms", "genomic", "databases", "trypanosoma", "brucei", "gambiense", "protozoans", "network", "analysis", "genome", "analysis", "sequence", "motif", "analysis", "research", "...
2017
TrypsNetDB: An integrated framework for the functional characterization of trypanosomatid proteins
Cis-regulatory sequences are not always conserved across species . Divergence within cis-regulatory sequences may result from the evolution of species-specific patterns of gene expression or the flexible nature of the cis-regulatory code . The identification of functional divergence in cis-regulatory sequences is there...
Research in the field of molecular evolution is focused on understanding the genetic basis of functional differences between species . Protein coding sequences have traditionally been the focus of these studies , as the genetic code enables a detailed study of the strength of selection acting on amino acid sequences . ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Materials", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "yeast", "and", "fungi", "eukaryotes", "computational", "biology", "evolutionary", "biology", "genetics", "and", "genomics", "saccharomyces" ]
2007
Frequent Gain and Loss of Functional Transcription Factor Binding Sites
Influenza viruses have been responsible for large losses of lives around the world and continue to present a great public health challenge . Antigenic characterization based on hemagglutination inhibition ( HI ) assay is one of the routine procedures for influenza vaccine strain selection . However , HI assay is only a...
Influenza antigenic cartography is an analogy of geographic cartography , and it projects influenza antigens into a two- or three-dimensional map through which we can visualize and measure the antigenic distances between influenza antigens as we visualize and measure geographic distances between the cities in a geograp...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussions" ]
[ "computer", "science", "immunology/immune", "response", "virology", "evolutionary", "biology/bioinformatics", "computational", "biology", "mathematics/statistics" ]
2010
A Computational Framework for Influenza Antigenic Cartography
A previous genome-wide association ( GWA ) meta-analysis of 12 , 386 PD cases and 21 , 026 controls conducted by the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium ( IPDGC ) discovered or confirmed 11 Parkinson's disease ( PD ) loci . This first analysis of the two-stage IPDGC study focused on the set of loci th...
This paper describes the largest case-control analysis of Parkinson's disease to date , with a combined sample set of over 12 , 000 cases and 21 , 000 controls . After combining our findings with an independent replication dataset of more than 3 , 000 cases and 29 , 000 controls , we found five additional PD risk loci ...
[ "Abstract", "Introduction", "Results", "Discussion", "Material", "and", "Methods" ]
[ "genome-wide", "association", "studies", "genetics", "biology", "genetics", "of", "disease", "neuroscience", "genetics", "and", "genomics" ]
2011
A Two-Stage Meta-Analysis Identifies Several New Loci for Parkinson's Disease