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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Lymphedema management programs have been shown to decrease episodes of adenolymphangitis ( ADLA ) , but the impact on lymphedema progression and of program compliance have not been thoroughly explored . Our objectives were to determine the rate of ADLA episodes and lymphedema progression over time for patients enrolled... | Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is characterized by clinical manifestations of limb swelling , lymphedema , and elephantiasis . LF is the world's second-leading cause of disability , with up to 15 million people with limb lymphedema or elephantiasis . The Global Programme to Eliminate LF aims to eliminate the disease throu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"helminth",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"filariasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"lymphatic",
"filariasis",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Impact of a Community-Based Lymphedema Management Program on Episodes of Adenolymphangitis (ADLA) and Lymphedema Progression - Odisha State, India |
The island of Martha's Vineyard , Massachusetts , is the site of a sustained outbreak of tularemia due to Francisella tularensis tularensis . Dog ticks , Dermacentor variabilis , appear to be critical in the perpetuation of the agent there . Tularemia has long been characterized as an agent of natural focality , stably... | We present evidence , for the first time , that the agent of tularemia persists in microfoci for at least four years . The existing literature alludes to the natural nidality of this bacterium and the importance thereof in its long-term survival in nature , but “natural foci” that have been described to date have been ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"ecology/environmental",
"microbiology"
] | 2009 | Nonrandom Distribution of Vector Ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) Infected by Francisella tularensis |
Currently , knowledge does not allow early prediction of which cases of dengue fever ( DF ) will progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) , to allow early intervention to prevent progression or to limit severity . The objective of this study is to investigate the hypothesis that some specific comorbidities increase... | Dengue is a virus disease that has already reached more than 100 countries worldwide , transmitted by Aedes mosquitos , mainly Aedes aegypti . It is estimated that annually nearly 96 million symptomatic cases and about 22 , 000 deaths occur . This virus most often manifests itself in the form of Dengue Fever ( DF ) , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Arterial Hypertension and Skin Allergy Are Risk Factors for Progression from Dengue to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A Case Control Study |
It has been recently shown that the coarse-graining of the structures of polypeptide chains as self-avoiding tubes can provide an effective representation of the conformational space of proteins . In order to fully exploit the opportunities offered by such a ‘tube model’ approach , we present here a strategy to combine... | Modelling protein behaviour using computer simulations has progressively emerged in the last 50 years as a powerful strategy in structural and molecular biology . Over this period there has been a continuing interest in pushing the boundaries of this approach in terms of the size of the systems and the timescale of the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Mapping the Protein Fold Universe Using the CamTube Force Field in Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
Well-studied innate immune systems exist throughout bacteria and archaea , but a more recently discovered genomic locus may offer prokaryotes surprising immunological adaptability . Mediated by a cassette-like genomic locus termed Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ( CRISPR ) , the microbial adap... | Most microbes appear unculturable in the laboratory , limiting our knowledge of how virus and prokaryotic host evolve in natural systems . However , a genomic locus found in many prokaryotes , CRISPR , may offer cultivation-independent probes of virus-microbe coevolution . Utilizing nearby genes , CRISPR can serially i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genomics",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"ecology",
"earth",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"population",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Persisting Viral Sequences Shape Microbial CRISPR-based Immunity |
The spatial patterning of proteins in bacteria plays an important role in many processes , from cell division to chemotaxis . In the asymmetrically dividing bacteria Caulobacter crescentus , a scaffolding protein , PopZ , localizes to both poles and aids the differential patterning of proteins between mother and daught... | A key process in biology is the self-assembly of biomolecules into highly organized structures . This spontaneous assembly can give rise to complex spatial patterns that help give spatial order to the cellular environment . In many bacteria , the patterning of proteins to the cell poles allows the bacteria to different... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Model"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Chromosome Driven Spatial Patterning of Proteins in Bacteria |
Intracellular traffic in Aspergillus nidulans hyphae must cope with the challenges that the high rates of apical extension ( 1μm/min ) and the long intracellular distances ( >100 μm ) impose . Understanding the ways in which the hyphal tip cell coordinates traffic to meet these challenges is of basic importance , but i... | Filamentous fungi form long tubular cells , called hyphae , which grow rapidly by apical extension , enabling these sessile organisms to explore substrates and facilitating tissue invasion in the case of pathogenic species . Because the shape of the hyphae is determined by an external cell wall , hyphal growth requires... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"chitin",
"cell",
"physiology",
"vesicles",
"aspergillus",
"cell",
"processes",
"fungal",
"structure",
"cell",
"polarity",
"aspergillus",
"nidulans",
"fungi",
"dyneins",
"molecular",
"motors",
"materials",
"science",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"cellular",
"s... | 2018 | Endocytic recycling via the TGN underlies the polarized hyphal mode of life |
The tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) -receptor 1–associated death domain protein ( TRADD ) mediates induction of apoptosis as well as activation of NF-κB by cellular TNF-receptor 1 ( TNFR1 ) . TRADD is also recruited by the latent membrane protein 1 ( LMP1 ) oncoprotein of Epstein-Barr virus , but its role in LMP1 signali... | For viral infection to succeed , viral proteins must interact with the cellular signaling machinery of its target cell . An oncoprotein encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) called latent membrane protein 1 ( LMP1 ) is a primary contributor to the transformation of human B cells by the virus and the development of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"virology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | The Viral Oncoprotein LMP1 Exploits TRADD for Signaling by Masking Its Apoptotic Activity |
Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathways are vital components of physiology , and many are amenable to pharmacologic manipulation . Here , we identify functional heterotrimeric G-protein subunits in Entamoeba histolytica , the causative agent of amoebic colitis . The E . histolytica Gα subunit EhGα1 exhibits convent... | Entamoeba histolytica causes an estimated 50 million intestinal infections and 100 , 000 deaths per year worldwide . Here , we identify functional heterotrimeric G-protein subunits in Entamoeba histolytica , constituting a signaling pathway which , when perturbed , is seen to regulate multiple cellular processes requir... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"proteins",
"protein",
"structure",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"parasitology"
] | 2012 | Heterotrimeric G-protein Signaling Is Critical to Pathogenic Processes in Entamoeba histolytica |
The mammalian circadian clock and the cell cycle are two major biological oscillators whose coupling influences cell fate decisions . In the present study , we use a model-driven experimental approach to investigate the interplay between clock and cell cycle components and the dysregulatory effects of RAS on this coupl... | In mammals , the circadian clock controls the punctual regulation of biological processes , which , in turn , affect physiology and behaviour , allowing for the synchronisation of internal time to environmental light-dark cycles . Malfunctions of the circadian clock are associated with pathological phenotypes including... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"mathematical",
"models",
"circadian",
"oscillators",
"chronobiology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sw480",
"cells",
"mathemati... | 2017 | The Ink4a/Arf locus operates as a regulator of the circadian clock modulating RAS activity |
The molecular mechanisms through which dendritic cells ( DCs ) prime T helper 2 ( Th2 ) responses , including those elicited by parasitic helminths , remain incompletely understood . Here , we report that soluble egg antigen ( SEA ) from Schistosoma mansoni , which is well known to drive potent Th2 responses , triggers... | T helper 2 ( Th2 ) responses , which are initiated by dendritic cells ( DCs ) , can cause allergic diseases , but they can also provide protection against metabolic disorders and parasitic helminth infections . As such , there is great interest in better understanding how their activity is induced and regulated by DCs ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"helminths",
"immunol... | 2018 | Dectin-1/2–induced autocrine PGE2 signaling licenses dendritic cells to prime Th2 responses |
Abilities of bacterial pathogens to adapt to the iron limitation present in hosts is critical to their virulence . Bacterial pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to coordinately regulate iron metabolism and virulence associated functions to maintain iron homeostasis in response to changing iron availability in the... | Pathogenic bacteria exhibit tight regulation of iron homeostasis in order to meet iron requirements of living in different environmental conditions , including in the host . The ferric uptake regulator ( Fur ) regulates the expression of genes involved in iron metabolism in response to change in iron availability in se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"regulator",
"genes",
"plant",
"science",
"gene",
"types",
"plant",
"pathology",
"bacteria",
"gene",
"expression",
"plant",
... | 2016 | Co-regulation of Iron Metabolism and Virulence Associated Functions by Iron and XibR, a Novel Iron Binding Transcription Factor, in the Plant Pathogen Xanthomonas |
Gene expression regulators , such as transcription factors ( TFs ) and microRNAs ( miRNAs ) , have varying regulatory targets based on the tissue and physiological state ( context ) within which they are expressed . While the emergence of regulator-characterizing experiments has inferred the target genes of many regula... | Gene expression regulators , such as transcription factors and microRNAs , are critical actors in cellular physiology and pathophysiology and act by modulating the expression levels of sets of target genes . Given their significance , numerous experiments have sought to characterize the specific target genes of specifi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"gene",
"regulation",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"oncology",
"research",
"design",
"genomic",
"databases",
"regulator",
"genes",
"micrornas",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
... | 2017 | Contextual Refinement of Regulatory Targets Reveals Effects on Breast Cancer Prognosis of the Regulome |
The adult human intestine contains trillions of bacteria , representing hundreds of species and thousands of subspecies . Little is known about the selective pressures that have shaped and are shaping this community's component species , which are dominated by members of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes divisions . To ... | The total number of microbes that colonize the surfaces of our adult bodies is thought to be ten times greater than the total number of our human cells . Our microbial partners provide us with certain features that we have not had to evolve on our own . In this sense , we should consider ourselves to be a supraorganism... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"ecology",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | Evolution of Symbiotic Bacteria in the Distal Human Intestine |
The Arabidopsis protein DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 ( DOG1 ) is a key regulator of seed dormancy , which is a life history trait that determines the timing of seedling emergence . The amount of DOG1 protein in freshly harvested seeds determines their dormancy level . DOG1 has been identified as a major dormancy QTL and vari... | The Arabidopsis protein DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 ( DOG1 ) is an important regulator of seed dormancy and controls the timing of seedling emergence . The amount of DOG1 protein in mature seeds correlates with their dormancy level . It has been demonstrated that DOG1 is an important contributor to natural variation for see... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis Requires Self-Binding Ability of DOG1 Protein and the Presence of Multiple Isoforms Generated by Alternative Splicing |
Naja annulifera is a medically important venomous snake occurring in some of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa . Accidental bites result in severe coagulation disturbances , systemic inflammation and heart damage , as reported in dogs , and death , by respiratory arrest , in humans . Despite the medical importance of... | N . annulifera is a dangerous snake that belongs to the Elapidae family . It is found in some of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and has caused accidents in humans and dogs . In this study , we characterized some of the biochemical , toxic and immunogenic properties of N . annulifera venom . We showed that the veno... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"immunology",
"enzymology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"dogs",
"serine",
"proteases",
"animal",... | 2019 | Naja annulifera Snake: New insights into the venom components and pathogenesis of envenomation |
Various approaches can be applied to uncover the genetic basis of natural phenotypic variation , each with their specific strengths and limitations . Here , we use a replicated genome-wide association approach ( Pool-GWAS ) to fine-scale map genomic regions contributing to natural variation in female abdominal pigmenta... | Phenotypic variation is abundant in natural populations , but its genetic basis is not always well-understood . Here , we examine the genetic basis of body pigmentation in Drosophila , a trait with a long history of study in Drosophila genetics and evolution . We conducted the first genome-wide scan for polymorphism as... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"genetics"
] | 2013 | A Genome-Wide, Fine-Scale Map of Natural Pigmentation Variation in Drosophila melanogaster |
The majority of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infections are clinically latent , characterized by drug tolerance and little or no bacterial replication . Low oxygen tension is a major host factor inducing bacteriostasis , but the molecular mechanisms driving oxygen-dependent replication are poorly understood . Her... | Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) can result in a latent form of tuberculosis ( TB ) infection , which can then reactivate and progress to active disease . With 1 . 8 billion infected persons and no tools to predict who will proceed to active disease , latency and reactivation are among the major challenge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ser/Thr Protein Kinase B Mediates an Oxygen-Dependent Replication Switch |
Chromatin remodeling complexes are essential for gene expression programs that coordinate cell function with metabolic status . However , how these remodelers are integrated in metabolic stability pathways is not well known . Here , we report an expansive genetic screen with chromatin remodelers and metabolic regulator... | Cells coordinate their metabolism with the nutrient environment in order to adapt and thrive . One of the key ways that cells regulate their metabolism is through changes in metabolic gene expression . The transcription of genes is often regulated by manipulating chromatin , which is the packaging material of eukaryoti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"gene",
"regulation",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"organic",
"compounds",
"regulator",
"genes",
"gene",
"types",
"epigenetics",
"genetic",
"interactions",
"alcohols",
"chromatin",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"proteins",
"gene",
"expression",
"chemistr... | 2018 | The INO80 chromatin remodeler sustains metabolic stability by promoting TOR signaling and regulating histone acetylation |
A central mechanism of virulence of extracellular bacterial pathogens is the injection into host cells of effector proteins that modify host cellular functions . HopW1 is an effector injected by the type III secretion system that increases the growth of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae on the Columbia accession ... | Eukaryotic cells require a dynamic actin cytoskeleton for basic functions , some of which are important for immune responses . Such functions include the transport of cellular material to and from different cellular compartments . The plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is extracellular and causes disease by injecting ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"pathogens",
"plant",
"pathology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"plant",
"science"
] | 2014 | HopW1 from Pseudomonas syringae Disrupts the Actin Cytoskeleton to Promote Virulence in Arabidopsis |
Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health threat , compounded by emergence of strains with resistance to vancomycin and daptomycin , both last line antimicrobials . Here we have performed high throughput DNA sequencing and comparative genomics for five clinical pairs of vancomycin-susce... | The treatment of serious infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is complicated by the development of antibiotic resistance , and recently resistance to one of the last available antibiotics to treat resistant S . aureus infections , vancomycin , has also emerged . Here we have shown using whole genome sequencing of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"functional",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"methicillin-resistant",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"staphylococci",
"bacterial",
"... | 2011 | Evolution of Multidrug Resistance during Staphylococcus aureus Infection Involves Mutation of the Essential Two Component Regulator WalKR |
The significance of introgression as an evolutionary force shaping natural populations is well established , especially in animal and plant systems . However , the abundance and size of introgression tracts , and to what degree interspecific gene flow is the result of adaptive processes , are largely unknown . In this ... | Introgression is a process by which genetic material from one species becomes infiltrated into another , genetically distinct species . Introgression usually occurs via sexual reproduction: individuals of two species mate and produce a hybrid offspring , then the offspring repeatedly backcross with one of the parental ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Large-Scale Introgression Shapes the Evolution of the Mating-Type Chromosomes of the Filamentous Ascomycete Neurospora tetrasperma |
Symptoms of schizophrenia may arise from a failure of cortical circuits to filter-out irrelevant inputs . Schizophrenia has also been linked to disruptions in cortical inhibitory interneurons , consistent with the possibility that in the normally functioning brain , these cells are in some part responsible for determin... | Individuals with schizophrenia have difficulty ignoring ideas and experiences that most people would treat as unimportant . There is evidence that this may be due to changes in neuronal inhibition , suggesting that inhibitory neurons may be involved in learning to ignore irrelevant inputs . By developing a computationa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"nervous",
"system",
"brain",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"neuronal",
"plas... | 2018 | Irrelevance by inhibition: Learning, computation, and implications for schizophrenia |
The Myc family of transcription factors regulates a variety of biological processes , including the cell cycle , growth , proliferation , metabolism , and apoptosis . In Caenorhabditis elegans , the “Myc interaction network” consists of two opposing heterodimeric complexes with antagonistic functions in transcriptional... | Transcription factors are essential proteins that regulate the expression of genes and play an important role in most biological processes . The results of our study presented here demonstrate for the first time a role in aging for a small family of transcription factors in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans . Im... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"aging",
"biochemistry",
"developmental",
"biology",
"physiological",
"processes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"organism",
"development",
"cell",
"biology",
"physiology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"... | 2014 | The Caenorhabditis elegans Myc-Mondo/Mad Complexes Integrate Diverse Longevity Signals |
Macroparasite infections ( e . g . , helminths ) remain a major human health concern . However , assessing transmission dynamics is problematic because the direct observation of macroparasite dispersal among hosts is not possible . We used a novel landscape genetics approach to examine transmission of the human roundwo... | Currently , knowledge of transmission patterns of human helminth parasites is based on traditional epidemiological data such as the number of parasites within hosts . Genetic markers can greatly facilitate our understanding of the transmission process because they provide an indirect means to infer dispersal . Here , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
"diseases"
] | 2010 | Landscape Genetics Reveals Focal Transmission of a Human Macroparasite |
Invertebrates were long thought to possess only a simple , effective and hence non-adaptive defence system against microbial and parasitic attacks . However , recent studies have shown that invertebrate immunity also relies on immune receptors that diversify ( e . g . in echinoderms , insects and mollusks ( Biomphalari... | Contrary to the traditional view that immunity in invertebrates is limited to non-specific mechanisms , recent studies have shown that they have diverse , specific immune receptors . An example is provided by the FREPs of the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata , polymorphic members of the immunoglobulin superfamily . This c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"biology/molecular",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology/recombination",
"molecular",
"b... | 2008 | Controlled Chaos of Polymorphic Mucins in a Metazoan Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni) Interacting with Its Invertebrate Host (Biomphalaria glabrata) |
The host species composition in a household and their relative availability affect the host-feeding choices of blood-sucking insects and parasite transmission risks . We investigated four hypotheses regarding factors that affect blood-feeding rates , proportion of human-fed bugs ( human blood index ) , and daily human-... | The major vectors of Chagas disease are species of triatomine bugs that have adapted to human sleeping quarters and may feed on domestic animals and humans . There is a striking lack of information on the blood-feeding rates of Triatominae in field conditions , and factors modifying the fraction of bugs that feed on hu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"biology",
"population",
"ecology"
] | 2014 | Domestic Animal Hosts Strongly Influence Human-Feeding Rates of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans in Argentina |
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( EHEC ) colonize intestinal epithelium by generating characteristic attaching and effacing ( AE ) lesions . They are lysogenized by prophage that encode Shiga toxin 2 ( Stx2 ) , which is responsible for severe clinical manifestations . As a lysogen , prophage genes leading to lytic g... | Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ( EHEC ) , a food-borne pathogen that produces Shiga toxin , is associated with serious disease outbreaks worldwide , including over 390 food poisoning outbreaks in the U . S . in the last two decades . Humans acquire EHEC by ingesting contaminated food or water , or through contact w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"toxins",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"bacteriophages",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"microbiology",
"toxicology",
"toxic",
"agents",
"viruses",
"animal",
"models",
"bacterial",
"diseases... | 2019 | Prophage induction, but not production of phage particles, is required for lethal disease in a microbiome-replete murine model of enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection |
The rise of transcranial current stimulation ( tCS ) techniques have sparked an increasing interest in the effects of weak extracellular electric fields on neural activity . These fields modulate ongoing neural activity through polarization of the neuronal membrane . While the somatic polarization has been investigated... | Transcranial current stimulations ( tCS ) is a brain stimulation technique consisting in the application of low amplitude electric current on a subject’s scalp . Despite evidence of its ability to modify cognitive capacity , little is known on its exact mechanism of action on neural tissues . In this modelling work , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"resonance",
"frequency",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electricity",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"ganglion",
"cells",
"electric",
"field",
"neuronal",
"dendrites",
"animal",
"cells",
"resonance",
"phys... | 2018 | Differential polarization of cortical pyramidal neuron dendrites through weak extracellular fields |
Chromosome duplication and transmission into daughter cells requires the precisely orchestrated binding and release of cohesin . We found that the Drosophila histone chaperone NAP1 is required for cohesin release and sister chromatid resolution during mitosis . Genome-wide surveys revealed that NAP1 and cohesin co-loca... | Eukaryotic DNA is assembled into a nucleo-protein structure called chromatin . Nucleosomes are the basic building blocks of chromatin , comprising 147 bp of DNA tightly wrapped around a histone protein core . Histone chaperones mediate nucleosome assembly by preventing non-productive aggregation of histones with DNA . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Histone Chaperone NAP1 Mediates Sister Chromatid Resolution by Counteracting Protein Phosphatase 2A |
The tsetse fly , Glossina morsitans morsitans , is a significant problem in Zambia and Malawi . It is the vector for the human infective parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , which causes human African trypanosomiasis , and various Trypanosoma species , which cause African animal trypanosomiasis . Understanding the... | Techniques from population genetics have been widely applied to assess problems in evolutionary biology , computational biology , wildlife conservation , animal breeding , etc . In this study , we used population genetics approaches to elucidate the genetic population structure of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans mors... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"malawi",
"animals",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"glossina",
"protozoans... | 2019 | Genetic diversity and population structure of Glossina morsitans morsitans in the active foci of human African trypanosomiasis in Zambia and Malawi |
Submarine hydrothermal vents are model systems for the Archaean Earth environment , and some sites maintain conditions that may have favored the formation and evolution of cellular life . Vents are typified by rapid fluctuations in temperature and redox potential that impose a strong selective pressure on resident micr... | Extreme environments , such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents , found 2 , 500 meters below the ocean surface , support large macrofaunal communities via microbially mediated carbon fixation processes using chemicals ( chemoautotrophy ) rather than light ( photoautotrophy ) . The genome of one such model chemoautotrophic m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/environmental",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"ecology/evolutionary",
"ecology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"microbiology/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"ecology/envi... | 2009 | Adaptations to Submarine Hydrothermal Environments Exemplified by the Genome of Nautilia profundicola |
Amoebiasis is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries . Currently , metronidazole is the gold choice medication for the treatment of this disease . However , reports have indicated towards the possibility of development of metronidazole-resistance in Entamoeba strains in near future . In vie... | Intestinal amoebiasis , caused by Enatmoeba histolytica continues to be a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries and is considered to be the third principal parasitic disease responsible for mortality in the world . In addition to the mutagenic ability and known toxicity of conventional anti-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Evaluation of Amoebicidal Potential of Paneth Cell Cryptdin-2 against Entamoeba histolytica |
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) regulate gene expression and play critical roles in growth and development as well as stress responses in eukaryotes . miRNA biogenesis in plants requires a processing complex that consists of the core components DICER-LIKE 1 ( DCL1 ) , SERRATE ( SE ) and HYPONASTIC LEAVES ( HYL1 ) . Here we show t... | miRNAs play critical roles in various biological processes . miRNA biogenesis in both animals and plants are generated by a miRNA processing complex . Studies on specific miRNA function in different biological process have been extensively reported . However , how miRNA biogenesis is modulated , especially by environme... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"gene",
"regulation",
"brassica",
"protein",
"abundance",
"biochemical",
"analysis",
"micrornas",
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"science",
"enzyme",
"assays",
"in",
"vitro",
"kinase",
"assay",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems"... | 2017 | The SnRK2 kinases modulate miRNA accumulation in Arabidopsis |
Circadian rhythms are daily biological oscillations driven by an endogenous mechanism known as circadian clock . The protein kinase CK2 is one of the few clock components that is evolutionary conserved among different taxonomic groups . CK2 regulates the stability and nuclear localization of essential clock proteins in... | Most organisms are able to rhythmically coordinate their physiology and metabolism in consonance with the day-night cycle . The cellular mechanism responsible for generating the biological rhythms is known as circadian clock . In contrast to many other biochemical reactions , the pace of the clock does not change with ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant-environment",
"interactions",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"plant",
"biology"
] | 2010 | The Functional Interplay between Protein Kinase CK2 and CCA1 Transcriptional Activity Is Essential for Clock Temperature Compensation in Arabidopsis |
Helminth infections are known to regulate cytokine responses in both pulmonary and latent tuberculosis infection . Whether helminth infections also modulate cytokine responses in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis , specifically tuberculous lymphadenitis ( TBL ) , has not been examined thus far . Hence , to determine the cyt... | Strongyloides stercoralis ( Ss ) infects about 30–100 million people worldwide and it is the main causative agent of strongyloidiasis , a chronic parasitic infection . Similarly , tuberculosis ( TB ) affects nearly 2 billion people and both Ss and TB are co-endemic as well as share a major global disease burden . Earli... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"helminths",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"developmental",
"biology",
"lymph"... | 2019 | Helminth mediated modulation of the systemic and mycobacterial antigen – stimulated cytokine profiles in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis |
Latency-associated nuclear antigen ( LANA ) mediates γ2-herpesvirus genome persistence and regulates transcription . We describe the crystal structure of the murine gammaherpesvirus-68 LANA C-terminal domain at 2 . 2 Å resolution . The structure reveals an alpha-beta fold that assembles as a dimer , reminiscent of Epst... | Herpesviruses establish life-long latent infections . During latency , gammaherpesviruses , such as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) , persist as multicopy , circularized genomes in the cell nucleus and express a small subset of viral genes . KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen ( LANA ) is the predo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Crystal Structure of the Gamma-2 Herpesvirus LANA DNA Binding Domain Identifies Charged Surface Residues Which Impact Viral Latency |
Flocks of starlings exhibit a remarkable ability to maintain cohesion as a group in highly uncertain environments and with limited , noisy information . Recent work demonstrated that individual starlings within large flocks respond to a fixed number of nearest neighbors , but until now it was not understood why this nu... | Starling flocks move in beautiful ways that both captivate and intrigue the observer . Previous work has shown that starlings pay attention to their seven closest neighbors , but until now it was not understood why this number is seven . Our paper explains the mystery: when uncertainty in sensing is present , interacti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"behavior",
"ecology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"theoretical",
"ecology",
"biology",
"behavioral",
"ecology"
] | 2013 | Starling Flock Networks Manage Uncertainty in Consensus at Low Cost |
Total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , triglyceride , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) levels are among the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease . We tested for gene–gene interactions affecting the level of these four lipids based on prior knowledge of established... | Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified many loci associated with complex human traits or diseases . However , the fraction of heritable variation explained by these loci is often relatively low . Gene–gene interactions might play a significant role in complex traits or diseases and are one of the many... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"genetic",
"association",
"studies",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Knowledge-Driven Analysis Identifies a Gene–Gene Interaction Affecting High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Multi-Ethnic Populations |
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a disseminated , highly malignant cancer , with resistance to drug treatment based on molecular- and tissue-scale characteristics that are intricately linked . A critical element of molecular resistance has been traced to the loss of functionality in proteins such as the tumor suppressor p53 .... | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer that develops from white blood cells called lymphocytes in the immune system , whose role is to fight disease throughout the body . This cancer can spread throughout the whole body and be very lethal – in the US , one third of patients will die from this disease within five years of d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"hematologic",
"cancers",
"and",
"related",
"disorders",
"biomedical",
"engineering",
"oncology",
"mathematics",
"lymphomas",
"bioengineering",
"non-hodgkin",
"lymphoma",
"computer",
"scie... | 2013 | An Integrated Computational/Experimental Model of Lymphoma Growth |
The ventral striatum ( VS ) is a central node within a distributed network that controls appetitive behavior , and neuromodulation of the VS has demonstrated therapeutic potential for appetitive disorders . Local field potential ( LFP ) oscillations recorded from deep brain stimulation ( DBS ) electrodes within the VS ... | As neuropsychiatry begins to leverage the power of computational methods to understand disease states and to develop better therapies , it is vital that we acknowledge the trade-offs between model complexity and performance . We show that computational methods can elucidate a neural signature of feeding behavior and we... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"vertebrates",
"diet",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"mammals",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"animal",
"models",
"physiological",
"processes",
"model",
"organisms",
"nutrition",
"functional... | 2019 | Finding the balance between model complexity and performance: Using ventral striatal oscillations to classify feeding behavior in rats |
Myelination is essential for rapid impulse conduction in the CNS , but what determines whether an individual axon becomes myelinated remains unknown . Here we show , using a myelinating coculture system , that there are two distinct modes of myelination , one that is independent of neuronal activity and glutamate relea... | Myelination acts as an insulator for neurons and as such is essential for normal brain function , ensuring fast neuronal communication . Oligodendrocytes are the cells that wrap their membrane around nerve cell axons to form the myelin sheath that enables fast action potential propagation . However , what determines wh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroglial",
"development",
"neurobiology",
"of",
"disease",
"and",
"regeneration",
"developmental",
"neuroscience",
"ion",
"channels",
"cellular",
"neuroscience",
"neural",
"stem",
"cells",
"neurotransmitters",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2013 | Neuregulin and BDNF Induce a Switch to NMDA Receptor-Dependent Myelination by Oligodendrocytes |
Analysis of mycobacterial strains that have lost their ability to cause disease is a powerful approach to identify yet unknown virulence determinants and pathways involved in tuberculosis pathogenesis . Two of the most widely used attenuated strains in the history of tuberculosis research are Mycobacterium bovis BCG ( ... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative agent of human tuberculosis is an extremely successful human pathogen in spite of its lack of classical virulence factors , such as toxins . The pathogenesis of this bacterium is closely linked with its ability to circumvent destruction by the host cell , which depends on a la... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"eubacteria"
] | 2008 | Control of M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 Secretion and Specific T Cell Recognition by PhoP |
Hookworms infect millions of people worldwide and can cause severe clinical symptoms in their hosts . Prospective cohort studies in Brazil show high rates of hookworm reinfection in malnourished children compared to well-nourished children , despite previous treatment . Additionally , soil-transmitted helminth ( STH ) ... | Hookworm's infection is a health problem that affects areas of poverty worldwide . Nutritional diseases , including dietary protein deficiency are also prevalent in those areas . It is well known that nutritional status can influence parasite infection , reducing host responses to infection . However , the influence of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"nutrition",
"veterinary",
"parasitology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"diet",
"intestinal",
"parasites",
"malnutrition",
"parasitology"
] | 2014 | Evaluation of Biochemical, Hematological and Parasitological Parameters of Protein-Deficient Hamsters Infected with Ancylostoma ceylanicum |
Despite estimates that , each year , as many as 300 million dengue virus ( DENV ) infections result in either no perceptible symptoms ( asymptomatic ) or symptoms that are sufficiently mild to go undetected by surveillance systems ( inapparent ) , it has been assumed that these infections contribute little to onward tr... | Most dengue virus infections result in either no perceptible symptoms or symptoms that are so mild that they go undetected by surveillance systems . It is unclear how much these infections contribute to the overall transmission and burden of dengue . At an individual level , we show that people with asymptomatic infect... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"vector-borne",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"infectio... | 2018 | Contributions from the silent majority dominate dengue virus transmission |
In large collections of tumor samples , it has been observed that sets of genes that are commonly involved in the same cancer pathways tend not to occur mutated together in the same patient . Such gene sets form mutually exclusive patterns of gene alterations in cancer genomic data . Computational approaches that detec... | Tumor DNA carries multiple alterations , including somatic point mutations , amplifications , and deletions . It is challenging to identify the disease-causing alterations from the plethora of random ones , and to delineate their functional relations and involvement in common pathways . One solution for this task is in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"genome",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"statistical",
"methods",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Modeling Mutual Exclusivity of Cancer Mutations |
A group of children aged 6–17 years was recruited and followed up for 12 months to study the impact of schistosome infection on malaria parasite prevalence , density , distribution and anemia . Levels of cytokines , malaria specific antibodies in plasma and parasite growth inhibition capacities were assessed . Baseline... | Malaria and schistosomiasis are the most prevalent tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa and together exert a huge burden of mortality and morbidity . The geographical overlap of these diseases among the individuals and at the population level commonly occurs resulting inevitably in frequent co-infections . It is not... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal... | 2010 | Impact of Schistosome Infection on Plasmodium falciparum Malariometric Indices and Immune Correlates in School Age Children in Burma Valley, Zimbabwe |
Calmodulin is a calcium-binding protein ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells , involved in numerous calcium-regulated biological phenomena , such as synaptic plasticity , muscle contraction , cell cycle , and circadian rhythms . It exibits a characteristic dumbell shape , with two globular domains ( N- and C-terminal lobe ) ... | Calmodulin , the ubiquitous calcium-activated second messenger in eukaryotes , is an extremely versatile molecule involved in many biological processes: muscular contraction , synaptic plasticity , circadian rhythm , and cell cycle , among others . The protein is structurally organised into two globular lobes , joined ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Modulation of Calmodulin Lobes by Different Targets: An Allosteric Model with Hemiconcerted Conformational Transitions |
Studying ion channel currents generated distally from the recording site is difficult because of artifacts caused by poor space clamp and membrane filtering . A computational model can quantify artifact parameters for correction by simulating the currents only if their exact anatomical location is known . We propose th... | The study of ion channels is essential both for understanding normal brain function and for finding drug targets to treat neurological disease . Traditional experimental techniques remain challenging for recording ion channel currents accurately because of their locations in the neuron . Computer modeling of the three ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Distal Spike Initiation Zone Location Estimation by Morphological Simulation of Ionic Current Filtering Demonstrated in a Novel Model of an Identified Drosophila Motoneuron |
Circulating monocyte sub-sets have recently emerged as mediators of divergent immune functions during infectious disease but their role in helminth infection has not been investigated . In this study we evaluated whether ‘classical’ ( CD14brightCD16− ) , ‘intermediate’ ( CD14brightCD16+ ) , and ‘non-classical’ ( CD14di... | The parasite Schistosoma infects over 200 million people world-wide and can cause serious morbidity . Infection occurs following exposure to larvae ( cercariae ) which release excretory/secretory ( E/S ) material to aid their entry into exposed skin . Larvae mature into adult worms that produce hundreds of eggs per day... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"helminth",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"schistosomiasis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2014 | Circulating CD14brightCD16+ ‘Intermediate’ Monocytes Exhibit Enhanced Parasite Pattern Recognition in Human Helminth Infection |
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency I ( LAD-I ) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by single gene mutations in the CD18 subunit of β2 integrins which result in defective transmigration of neutrophils into the tissues . Affected patients suffer from recurrent life threatening infections and severe oral disease ( periodontit... | Leukocyte adhesion deficiency ( LAD ) is a primary immunodeficiency resulting from gene mutations in the CD18 subunit of β2 integrins that lead to defective neutrophil adhesion and transmigration into tissues . Affected patients suffer from recurrent life threatening infections and from a severe form of the oral diseas... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Subgingival Microbial Communities in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency and Their Relationship with Local Immunopathology |
Many pathogens are able to manipulate the signaling pathways responsible for the generation of host immune responses . Here we examine and model a respiratory infection system in which disruption of host immune functions or of bacterial factors changes the dynamics of the infection . We synthesize the network of intera... | The immune response is a complex network of processes activated in a host upon infection . Pathogens seek to disrupt or evade these processes to ensure their own survival and proliferation . This article provides a systems-level analysis of the immune response against two related bacterial species in the Bordetella gen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"computational",
"biology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | Modeling Systems-Level Regulation of Host Immune Responses |
DNA Damage Tolerance ( DDT ) mechanisms help dealing with unrepaired DNA lesions that block replication and challenge genome integrity . Previous in vitro studies showed that the bacterial replicase is able to re-prime downstream of a DNA lesion , leaving behind a single-stranded DNA gap . The question remains of what ... | DNA Damage Tolerance ( DDT ) mechanisms help dealing with unrepaired DNA lesions that block replication , thus challenging genome integrity . Two DDT mechanisms have previously been described: error prone Translesion Synthesis operated by specialized DNA polymerases and error free bypass that uses the information of th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Bacterial Proliferation: Keep Dividing and Don't Mind the Gap |
The evolutionary stability of cooperative traits , that are beneficial to other individuals but costly to their carrier , is considered possible only through the establishment of a sufficient degree of assortment between cooperators . Chimeric microbial populations , characterized by simple interactions between unrelat... | Although pervasive in the living world , collective behavior is a puzzle for evolutionary biology . The genetic traits that sustain it are costly for their carriers and make them vulnerable to the exploitation of asocial “free-riders” that benefit from the group without contributing to its cohesion . This paradox has s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"selection",
"computerized",
"simulations",
"algorithms",
"mutation",
"population",
"modeling",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"population",
"biology",
"emergence",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"biology",
"evoluti... | 2014 | Differential Adhesion between Moving Particles as a Mechanism for the Evolution of Social Groups |
Plasmodium falciparum is the protozoan parasite that causes the most virulent of human malarias . The blood stage parasites export several hundred proteins into their host erythrocyte that underlie modifications linked to major pathologies of the disease and parasite survival in the blood . Unfortunately , most are ‘hy... | Plasmodium falciparum , the most virulent form of human malaria , causes disease when it invades a red blood cell . It sends proteins beyond its borders into the host , changing the red cell to make it a suitable environment to live in and to interact with the host immune system . Recent findings have predicted that hu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
... | 2008 | An Erythrocyte Vesicle Protein Exported by the Malaria Parasite Promotes Tubovesicular Lipid Import from the Host Cell Surface |
Directional migration of neural crest ( NC ) cells is essential for patterning the vertebrate embryo , including the craniofacial skeleton . Extensive filopodial protrusions in NC cells are thought to sense chemo-attractive/repulsive signals that provide directionality . To test this hypothesis , we generated null muta... | During vertebrate embryogenesis , neural crest ( NC ) cells migrate extensively along stereotypical migration routes and differentiate into diverse derivatives , including the craniofacial skeleton and peripheral nervous system . While defects in NC migration underlie many human birth defects and may be coopted during ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Fascin1-Dependent Filopodia are Required for Directional Migration of a Subset of Neural Crest Cells |
HIV-1 groups M and N emerged within the last century following two independent cross-species transmissions of SIVcpz from chimpanzees to humans . In contrast to pandemic group M strains , HIV-1 group N viruses are exceedingly rare , with only about a dozen infections identified , all but one in individuals from Cameroo... | Differences in their degree of adaptation to humans may explain why only one of four ape-derived SIV zoonoses spawned the AIDS pandemic . Specifically , only HIV-1 strains of the pandemic M group evolved a fully functional Vpu that efficiently antagonizes human tetherin and degrades CD4 . In comparison , the rare group... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Human Tetherin Exerts Strong Selection Pressure on the HIV-1 Group N Vpu Protein |
Sex reversal can occur in XY humans with only a single functional WT1 or SF1 allele or a duplication of the chromosome region containing WNT4 . In contrast , XY mice with only a single functional Wt1 , Sf1 , or Wnt4 allele , or mice that over-express Wnt4 from a transgene , reportedly are not sex-reversed . Because gen... | It has been proposed that mice do not adequately model human disorders of sex development because testis determination is gene dosage-sensitive in humans , but initial studies suggested it is gene dosage-insensitive in mice . For example , XY humans with reduced functional WT1 or SF1 gene-dosage or increased WNT4 gene-... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"morphogenesis",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Sex Reversal in C57BL/6J XY Mice Caused by Increased Expression of Ovarian Genes and Insufficient Activation of the Testis Determining Pathway |
Macrophages are a diverse group of phagocytic cells acting in host protection against stress , injury , and pathogens . Here , we show that the scavenger receptor SR-A6 is an entry receptor for human adenoviruses in murine alveolar macrophage-like MPI cells , and important for production of type I interferon . Scavenge... | Macrophages are a diverse group of phagocytic cells acting in host protection against stress , injury , and pathogens . They phenotypically and functionally adapt to their local environment , for example , peritoneal macrophages are distinct from brain-resident microglia , from liver-resident Kupffer cells or lung macr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"binding",
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"physiology",
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"micro... | 2018 | Lung macrophage scavenger receptor SR-A6 (MARCO) is an adenovirus type-specific virus entry receptor |
Characterizing the activating and inhibiting effect of protein-protein interactions ( PPI ) is fundamental to gain insight into the complex signaling system of a human cell . A plethora of methods has been suggested to infer PPI from data on a large scale , but none of them is able to characterize the effect of this in... | Mathematical models which aim to describe cellular signaling start from constructing an interaction network of effectors , mediators and their effected target proteins . Several developments came up making it easier to put these links together . Besides tediously assembling knowledge from textbooks and research article... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"systems",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Characterizing Protein Interactions Employing a Genome-Wide siRNA Cellular Phenotyping Screen |
Amoebiasis , caused by Entamoeba histolytica infection , is a global public health problem . However , available drugs to treat amoebiasis are currently limited , and no effective vaccine exists . Therefore , development of new preventive measures against amoebiasis is urgently needed . Here , to develop new drugs agai... | Amoebiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica that is an important health problem worldwide because of high morbidity and mortality rates . However , clinical options are inadequate; therefore , developing new preventive measures , such as anti-amoebic drugs , is urgently needed . In general , for t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"trophozoites",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"enzymology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"apicomplexa",
"amebiasis",
"... | 2019 | Characterization of Entamoeba histolytica adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS) kinase; validation as a target and provision of leads for the development of new drugs against amoebiasis |
Activity in the human brain moves between diverse functional states to meet the demands of our dynamic environment , but fundamental principles guiding these transitions remain poorly understood . Here , we capitalize on recent advances in network science to analyze patterns of functional interactions between brain reg... | The human brain is a complex system in which the interactions of billions of neurons give rise to a fascinating range of behaviors . In response to its changing environment—for example , across situations involving rest , memory , focused attention , or learning—the brain dynamically switches between distinct patterns ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neural",
"networks",
"network",
"analysis",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience"
] | 2015 | Brain Network Adaptability across Task States |
Cancer cells depend on transcription of telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) . Many transcription factors affect TERT , though regulation occurs in context of a broader network . Network effects on telomerase regulation have not been investigated , though deeper understanding of TERT transcription requires a syste... | Tumour cells acquire the ability to divide and multiply indefinitely whereas normal cells can undergo only a limited number of divisions . The switch to immortalisation of the tumour cell is dependent on maintaining the integrity of telomere DNA which forms chromosome ends and is achieved through activation of the telo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"systems",
"biology",
"medicine",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Mathematical Model of a Telomerase Transcriptional Regulatory Network Developed by Cell-Based Screening: Analysis of Inhibitor Effects and Telomerase Expression Mechanisms |
T cell vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) and other pathogens are based on the principle that memory T cells rapidly generate effector responses upon challenge , leading to pathogen clearance . Despite eliciting a robust memory CD8+ T cell response to the immunodominant Mtb antigen TB10 . 4 ( EsxH ) , ... | CD8+ T cells are important for enforcing latency of tuberculosis , and for Mtb control in patients with HIV and low CD4 counts . While vaccines that primarily elicit CD4+ T cell responses have had difficulty preventing active pulmonary TB , a TB vaccine that elicits a potent memory CD8+ T cells is a logical alternative... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | A Higher Activation Threshold of Memory CD8+ T Cells Has a Fitness Cost That Is Modified by TCR Affinity during Tuberculosis |
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ( CL ) is a neglected tropical vector-borne disease . Sand fly vectors ( SF ) and Leishmania spp parasites are sensitive to changes in weather conditions , rendering disease transmission susceptible to changes in local and global scale climatic patterns . Nevertheless , it is unclear how SF abun... | In this study we analyze data on sand fly ( SF ) abundance and cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) cases from Panamá . We asked whether weather patterns and climatic variability could have an impact on vector abundance that is ultimately reflected in CL transmission . We found that large epidemics of CL occur during the col... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"epidemiological",
"statistics",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"modeling",
"epidemiology",
"disease",
"dynamics",
"leishmaniasis",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
... | 2014 | Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Sand Fly Fluctuations Are Associated with El Niño in Panamá |
The genome of P . marneffei , the most important thermal dimorphic fungus causing respiratory , skin and systemic mycosis in China and Southeast Asia , possesses 23 polyketide synthase ( PKS ) genes and 2 polyketide synthase nonribosomal peptide synthase hybrid ( PKS-NRPS ) genes , which is of high diversity compared t... | Penicillium marneffei is the most important thermal dimorphic fungus causing respiratory , skin and systemic mycosis in China and Southeast Asia . Its genome possesses a large number of polyketide synthase ( PKS ) genes , which should be responsible for synthesis of secondary metabolites such as pigments , antibiotics ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2012 | First Discovery of Two Polyketide Synthase Genes for Mitorubrinic Acid and Mitorubrinol Yellow Pigment Biosynthesis and Implications in Virulence of Penicillium marneffei |
Crohn's disease ( CD ) and celiac disease ( CelD ) are chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases , involving genetic and environmental factors in their pathogenesis . The two diseases can co-occur within families , and studies suggest that CelD patients have a higher risk to develop CD than the general population . Thes... | Celiac disease and Crohn's disease are both chronic inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract . Both of these diseases are complex genetic traits with multiple genetic and non-genetic risk factors . Recent genome-wide association ( GWA ) studies have identified some of the genetic risk factors for these diseases . I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/inflammatory",
"bowel",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology/small",
... | 2011 | A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Scans Identifies IL18RAP, PTPN2, TAGAP, and PUS10 As Shared Risk Loci for Crohn's Disease and Celiac Disease |
Resting memory CD4+ T-cells harboring latent HIV proviruses represent a critical barrier to viral eradication . Histone deacetylase inhibitors ( HDACis ) , such as suberanilohydroxamic acid ( SAHA ) , romidepsin , and panobinostat have been shown to induce HIV expression in these resting cells . Recently , it has been ... | The advent of antiretroviral therapy has greatly improved the prognosis for HIV-infected individuals with access to care . However , current therapies are unable to cure infection , committing treated individuals to a lifetime of medication with significant economic burden . Furthermore , it has become clear that antir... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"hiv",
"immunopathogenesis",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"animal",
"cells",
"medical",
... | 2014 | Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Impair the Elimination of HIV-Infected Cells by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes |
The Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) latent-lytic switch is mediated by the BZLF1 immediate-early protein . EBV is normally latent in memory B cells , but cellular factors which promote viral latency specifically in B cells have not been identified . In this report , we demonstrate that the B-cell specific transcription fact... | Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is a human herpesvirus associated with B-cell malignancies . EBV infection of cells can result in either lytic replication or latency . Memory B cells are the primary site of EBV latency within the human host , while oropharyngeal epithelial cells support the lytic form of infection . However... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2012 | The B-Cell Specific Transcription Factor, Oct-2, Promotes Epstein-Barr Virus Latency by Inhibiting the Viral Immediate-Early Protein, BZLF1 |
Meiosis is a specialized form of cellular division that results in the precise halving of the genome to produce gametes for sexual reproduction . Checkpoints function during meiosis to detect errors and subsequently to activate a signaling cascade that prevents the formation of aneuploid gametes . Indeed , asynapsis of... | Meiosis results in the generation of non-identical haploid gametes and maintenance of chromosome number during sexual reproduction . Precise meiotic chromosome segregation is essential for life , and in humans errors in this process contribute to aneuploidy or failure in meiosis , which manifests as spontaneous abortio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Caenorhabditis elegans Histone Methyltransferase MET-2 Shields the Male X Chromosome from Checkpoint Machinery and Mediates Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation |
The dramatic range expansion of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti is associated with various anthropogenic transport activities , but little is known about the underlying mechanisms driving this geographic expansion . We longitudinally characterized infestation of different vehicle types ( cars , boats , etc . ) to estim... | The dengue vector , Aedes aegypti , is an invasive mosquito that is currently in the process of expanding geographically from urban to peri-urban and rural sites throughout Latin America . To improve our understanding of Ae . aegypti population mixing and how it is introduced to new areas , we investigated the infestat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | River Boats Contribute to the Regional Spread of the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti in the Peruvian Amazon |
Deregulation of the translational machinery is emerging as a critical contributor to cancer development . The contribution of microRNAs in translational gene control has been established however; the role of microRNAs in disrupting the cap-dependent translation regulation complex has not been previously described . Her... | Control of gene expression on the translational level is critical for proper function of major cellular processes and deregulation of translation can promote cellular transformation . Emerging actors in this post-transcriptional gene regulation are small non-coding RNAs referred to as microRNAs ( miRNAs ) . We establis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine"
] | 2014 | Down-Regulation of eIF4GII by miR-520c-3p Represses Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Development |
Previous studies in narcolepsy , an autoimmune disorder affecting hypocretin ( orexin ) neurons and recently associated with H1N1 influenza , have demonstrated significant associations with five loci . Using a well-characterized Chinese cohort , we refined known associations in TRA@ and P2RY11-DNMT1 and identified new ... | Narcolepsy-hypocretin deficiency results from a highly specific autoimmune attack on hypocretin cells . Recent studies have established antigen presentation by specific class II proteins encoded by ( HLA DQB1*06:02 and DQA1*01:02 ) to the cognate T cell receptor as the main disease pathway , with a role for H1N1 influe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Genome Wide Analysis of Narcolepsy in China Implicates Novel Immune Loci and Reveals Changes in Association Prior to Versus After the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic |
Tri-methylated H3 lysine 4 ( H3K4me3 ) is associated with transcriptionally active genes , but its function in the transcription process is still unclear . Point mutations in the catalytic domain of ATX1 ( ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1 ) , a H3K4 methyltransferase , and RNAi knockdowns of subunits of the AtCOMPASS–like ( Arab... | We provide a definitive answer to the question regarding the role of histone H3 lysine 4 tri-methylation marks in the transcription of two ATX1-regulated genes . Despite the proven correlation between the gene transcriptional activity and the level of H3K4me3 modification on the nucleosomes , whether H3K4me3 contribute... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2012 | ATX1-Generated H3K4me3 Is Required for Efficient Elongation of Transcription, Not Initiation, at ATX1-Regulated Genes |
A variety of filtering methods enable the recursive estimation of system state variables and inference of model parameters . These methods have found application in a range of disciplines and settings , including engineering design and forecasting , and , over the last two decades , have been applied to infectious dise... | Influenza , or the flu , is a significant public health burden in the U . S . that annually causes between 3 , 000 and 49 , 000 deaths . Predictions of influenza , if reliable , would provide public health officials valuable advanced warning that could aid efforts to reduce the burden of this disease . For instance , m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"mathematical",
"computing",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"population",
"modeling",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computing",
"methods",
"infectious",
"disease",
"modeling",
"computational",
"biology",
... | 2014 | Comparison of Filtering Methods for the Modeling and Retrospective Forecasting of Influenza Epidemics |
Over the last decade a significant number of studies have highlighted the central role of host antimicrobial ( or defence ) peptides in modulating the response of innate immune cells to pathogen-associated ligands . In humans , the most widely studied antimicrobial peptide is LL-37 , a 37-residue peptide containing an ... | The study of pharmacologically active peptides is central to the understanding of disease and the development of novel therapies . Of particular interest is the array of short cationic peptides , collectively known as antimicrobial ( or host defence ) peptides . In humans , the most widely studied host defence peptide ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"protein",
"structure",
"zoology",
"immunomodulation",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"proteins",
"biology",
"immune",
"response",
"helmint... | 2011 | A Family of Helminth Molecules that Modulate Innate Cell Responses via Molecular Mimicry of Host Antimicrobial Peptides |
Alveolar echinococcosis ( AE ) , caused by the metacestode of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis , is a lethal zoonosis associated with host immunomodulation . T helper cells are instrumental to control the disease in the host . Whereas Th1 cells can restrict parasite proliferation , Th2 immune responses are asso... | E . multilocularis is a parasitic helminth causing the chronic human disease alveolar echinococcosis . Current disease control measures are very limited resulting in a high case-fatality rate . A transiently dominating Th1 immune response is mounted at the early phase of the infection , potentially limiting parasite pr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2014 | EmTIP, a T-Cell Immunomodulatory Protein Secreted by the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis Is Important for Early Metacestode Development |
The formation of a membrane-enveloped virus starts with the assembly of a curved layer of capsid proteins lining the interior of the plasma membrane ( PM ) of the host cell . This layer develops into a spherical shell ( capsid ) enveloped by a lipid-rich membrane . In many cases , the budding process stalls prior to th... | Despite intense study , the life-cycle of the HIV-1 virus continues to pose mysteries . One of these is the fact that the assembly of an HIV-1 virus along the plasma membrane ( PM ) of the host cell—the budding process—stalls prior to release of the virus . Many other important viral pathogens with a surrounding lipid ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"membrane",
"potential",
"microbiology",
"electrophysiology",
"geometry",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"mathematics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"thermodynamics",
"lipids",
"viral",
"packaging",
"viral",
"replication",... | 2019 | Gaussian curvature and the budding kinetics of enveloped viruses |
Incidence of Entamoeba histolytica infection and clinical manifestations and treatment response of invasive amebiasis ( IA ) in HIV-infected patients have rarely been investigated before . At the National Taiwan University Hospital , medical records of HIV-infected patients who received a diagnosis of IA between 1994 a... | Entamoeba histolytica , morphologically identical to but genetically different from E . dispar and E . moshkovskii , is the causative agent of amebiasis . Recently there have been reports of increased risk for amebiasis among men who have sex with men ( MSM ) due to oral-anal sexual contact in several developed countri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"
] | 2008 | Increased Risk for Entamoeba histolytica Infection and Invasive Amebiasis in HIV Seropositive Men Who Have Sex with Men in Taiwan |
Early detection of Mycobacterium leprae is a key strategy for disrupting the transmission chain of leprosy and preventing the potential onset of physical disabilities . Clinical diagnosis is essential , but some of the presented symptoms may go unnoticed , even by specialists . In areas of greater endemicity , serologi... | Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae ( M . leprae ) that can infect cells in the skin and nerves . Despite efforts to eliminate leprosy , the number of M . leprae infected individuals who develop leprosy is still substantial in the world . The diagnosis relies mainly on clinical parame... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"decision",
"analysis",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"management",
"e... | 2019 | A novel integrated molecular and serological analysis method to predict new cases of leprosy amongst household contacts |
The extracellular bloodstream form parasite Trypanosoma brucei is supremely adapted to escape the host innate and adaptive immune system . Evasion is mediated through an antigenically variable Variant Surface Glycoprotein ( VSG ) coat , which is recycled at extraordinarily high rates . Blocking VSG synthesis triggers a... | Bloodstream form African trypanosomes infect the mammalian bloodstream as extracellular parasites , where they excel at escaping the immune system including elimination by macrophages . Key for survival is a dense Variant Surface Glycoprotein ( VSG ) coat which is antigenically varied , and which is recycled from the c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"complement",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"swimming",
"immune",
"cells",
"rna",
"interference",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"biomechanics",
"biologica... | 2016 | Blocking Synthesis of the Variant Surface Glycoprotein Coat in Trypanosoma brucei Leads to an Increase in Macrophage Phagocytosis Due to Reduced Clearance of Surface Coat Antibodies |
Sexually reproducing parasites , such as malaria parasites , experience a trade-off between the allocation of resources to asexual replication and the production of sexual forms . Allocation by malaria parasites to sexual forms ( the conversion rate ) is variable but the evolutionary drivers of this plasticity are poor... | Malaria parasites in the host replicate asexually and , during each replication cycle , some asexuals transform into sexual stages that enable between-host transmission . It is not understood why the rate of conversion to sexual stages varies during infections despite its importance for the severity and spread of the d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"plasmodium",
"dose",
"prediction",
"methods",
"gametocytes",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"antimalarials",
"germ",
"cells",
"apicomplexa... | 2018 | Adaptive plasticity in the gametocyte conversion rate of malaria parasites |
Cholera outbreaks are proposed to propagate in explosive cycles powered by hyperinfectious Vibrio cholerae and quenched by lytic vibriophage . However , studies to elucidate how these factors affect transmission are lacking because the field experiments are almost intractable . One reason for this is that V . cholerae ... | The biological factors that control the transmission of water-borne pathogens like Vibrio cholerae during outbreaks are ill defined . In this study , a molecular analysis of the active but non-culturable ( ABNC ) state of V . cholerae provides insights into the physiology of environmental adaptation . The ABNC state , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/environmental",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"biology",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of",
"infectious",
... | 2008 | Transmission of Vibrio cholerae Is Antagonized by Lytic Phage and Entry into the Aquatic Environment |
The ecologically significant shift in developmental strategy from planktotrophic ( feeding ) to lecithotrophic ( nonfeeding ) development in the sea urchin genus Heliocidaris is one of the most comprehensively studied life history transitions in any animal . Although the evolution of lecithotrophy involved substantial ... | An important challenge in both evolutionary and developmental biology is understanding the genetic and molecular basis for the differences in phenotype that we observe between species . Although changes to regulatory interactions during development often play a critical role in this process , we lack detailed examples ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"gene",
"regulation",
"computational",
"biology",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genome",
"analysis",
"echinoderms",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"ectoderm",
"embryology",
"gene",
"expression... | 2016 | Comparative Developmental Transcriptomics Reveals Rewiring of a Highly Conserved Gene Regulatory Network during a Major Life History Switch in the Sea Urchin Genus Heliocidaris |
The yellow fever virus ( YFV ) recently reemerged in the large outbreaks in Africa and Brazil , and the first imported patients into Asia have recalled the concerns of YFV evolution . Here we show phylogenomics of YFV with serial clinical samples of the 2016 YFV infections . Phylogenetics exhibited that the 2016 strain... | The first importation of infections into China in 2016 and the following outbreaks in Africa and Brazil of yellow fever virus ( YFV ) have raised again the concerns of the potential viral spread into new territories . In this study , we aimed to know the evolution dynamics of YFV by using intrahost phylogenomics and to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"angola",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",... | 2018 | Phylogenomic analysis unravels evolution of yellow fever virus within hosts |
Antimony resistance complicates the treatment of infections caused by the parasite Leishmania . Using next generation sequencing , we sequenced the genome of four independent Leishmania guyanensis antimony-resistant ( SbR ) mutants and found different chromosomal alterations including aneuploidy , intrachromosomal gene... | Drug resistance remains a major concern in leishmaniasis chemotherapy , a neglected tropical disease that causes 60 , 000 deaths around the world annually . To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind drug resistance , we selected L . guyanensis parasites resistant to antimony , the first-line drug against thi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Intrachromosomal Amplification, Locus Deletion and Point Mutation in the Aquaglyceroporin AQP1 Gene in Antimony Resistant Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis |
Investigating the emergence of a particular cell type is a recurring theme in models of growing cellular populations . The evolution of resistance to therapy is a classic example . Common questions are: when does the cell type first occur , and via which sequence of steps is it most likely to emerge ? For growing popul... | How long does it take for a treatment naive , growing bacterial colony to be able to survive exposure to a cocktail of antibiotics ? En route to multidrug resistance , what order did the drugs become impotent in ? Questions such as these that pertain to the emergence of a significant cell type in a growing population a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [] | 2019 | Competing evolutionary paths in growing populations with applications to multidrug resistance |
After entry into target cells , retroviruses encounter the host restriction factors such as Fv1 and TRIM5α . While it is clear that these factors target retrovirus capsid proteins ( CA ) , recognition remains poorly defined in the absence of structural information . To better understand the binding interaction between ... | Host restriction factors such as TRIM5α are important for preventing cross species transmission of a variety of retroviruses . They act to block viral replication but their mode of virus recognition is poorly understood . To address this question we have developed a procedure for isolating viruses that replicate in the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Novel Escape Mutants Suggest an Extensive TRIM5α Binding Site
Spanning the Entire Outer Surface of the Murine Leukemia Virus Capsid
Protein |
Schistosoma mansoni is a blood fluke parasite that causes schistosomiasis , a debilitating disease of global public health importance . These relatively large parasites are able to survive prolonged periods in the human vasculature without inducing stable blood clots around them . We show here that the intravascular li... | Schistosomiasis affects more than 200 million people worldwide and causes up to 280 , 000 deaths per year . In terms of global mortality and morbidity , this disease is the most important human helminth infection . Schistosoma mansoni parasites can live for years within human blood vessels and seem to be refractory to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [] | 2015 | Schistosomes Enhance Plasminogen Activation: The Role of Tegumental Enolase |
Persistent latent reservoir of replication-competent proviruses in memory CD4 T cells is a major obstacle to curing HIV infection . Pharmacological activation of HIV expression in latently infected cells is being explored as one of the strategies to deplete the latent HIV reservoir . In this study , we characterized th... | Combination antiretroviral therapy has greatly improved the clinical outcome of HIV infection treatment . However , latent viral reservoirs established primarily in memory CD4 T cells persist even after long periods of suppressive antiretroviral therapy , which hinders the ability to achieve a prolonged drug-free remis... | [
"Abstract",
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] | [
"immunodeficiency",
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"and",
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] | 2014 | Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Romidepsin Induces HIV Expression in CD4 T Cells from Patients on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy at Concentrations Achieved by Clinical Dosing |
Reduction in ploidy to generate haploid gametes during sexual reproduction is accomplished by the specialized cell division program of meiosis . Pairing between homologous chromosomes and assembly of the synaptonemal complex at their interface ( synapsis ) represent intermediate steps in the meiotic program that are es... | Diploid organisms must produce haploid gametes prior to sexual reproduction in order to maintain a constant number of chromosomes from one generation to the next . Ploidy reduction is accomplished during meiosis and requires crossover recombination-based linkages between homologous chromosomes . Here , we manipulate ka... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Evidence That Masking of Synapsis Imperfections Counterbalances Quality Control to Promote Efficient Meiosis |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) employs multiple strategies to evade host immune responses and persist within macrophages . We have previously shown that the cell envelope-associated Mtb serine hydrolase , Hip1 , prevents robust macrophage activation and dampens host pro-inflammatory responses , allowing Mtb to dela... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) faces adverse conditions within host cells and has evolved many mechanisms to adapt quickly to the hostile immune environment . We have previously shown that an Mtb factor , Hip1 , is important for Mtb virulence and for modulating host immunity . While Hip1 was predicted to be a prote... | [
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... | 2014 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hip1 Modulates Macrophage Responses through Proteolysis of GroEL2 |
The unicellular parasite , Entamoeba histolytica , is exposed to numerous adverse conditions , such as nutrient deprivation , during its life cycle stages in the human host . In the present study , we examined whether the parasite virulence could be influenced by glucose starvation ( GS ) . The migratory behaviour of t... | During infection , pathogens are exposed to different environmental stresses that are mostly the consequence of the host immune defense . The most studied of these environmental stresses are the response of pathogens to nitric oxide and to hydrogen peroxide , both produced by phagocytes . In contrast , the overall know... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
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] | [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"parasitology"
] | 2011 | Glucose Starvation Boosts Entamoeba histolytica Virulence |
The CD8+ T cell effector mechanisms that mediate control of HIV-1 and SIV infections remain poorly understood . Recent work suggests that the mechanism may be primarily non-lytic . This is in apparent conflict with the observation that SIV and HIV-1 variants that escape CD8+ T cell surveillance are frequently selected ... | The interplay between viruses and the immune system cannot always be studied with current experimental techniques or commonly used mathematical models . Consequently , many important questions remain unanswered . The questions we wished to address fall into this category . Recent evidence strongly suggests that CD8+ T ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Can Non-lytic CD8+ T Cells Drive HIV-1 Escape? |
Cellular permissiveness to HIV infection is highly heterogeneous across individuals . Heterogeneity is also found across CD4+ T cells from the same individual , where only a fraction of cells gets infected . To explore the basis of permissiveness , we performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of non-infected CD4+ T cells ... | CD4+ T cells are the main target of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection . However , CD4+ T cells are not equally permissive to infection , varying between individuals and across cells isolated from the same individual . We explored cellular heterogeneity by analyzing the transcriptome profile of CD4+ T cells... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
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] | [
"blood",
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"pathogens",
"immunology",
"computational",
"biology",
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"biomarkers",
"retroviruses",
"vi... | 2017 | Single-cell analysis identifies cellular markers of the HIV permissive cell |
Humans have a remarkable ability to simulate the minds of others . How the brain distinguishes between mental states attributed to self and mental states attributed to someone else is unknown . Here , we investigated how fundamental neural learning signals are selectively attributed to different agents . Specifically ,... | In order for people to have meaningful social interactions , they need to infer each other’s beliefs . Converging evidence from humans and nonhuman primates suggests that a person’s brain can represent a second person’s beliefs by simulating that second person’s brain activity . However , it is not known how the output... | [
"Abstract",
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] | [
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"... | 2018 | Agent-specific learning signals for self–other distinction during mentalising |
Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity are required for the orderly development of sensory circuits in the brain and are powerful modulators of learning and memory in adulthood . During development , emergence of Hebbian plasticity leads to formation of functional circuits . By modeling the dynamics of neurotransmitter r... | Neurotransmitter release is the principal form of chemical communication in the brain . When an action potential reaches a synapse , calcium influx activates the machinery for neurotransmitter release . During early neuronal development this machinery matures such that neurotransmitter release becomes time-locked to ac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Developmental Switch for Hebbian Plasticity |
Patients with Herpes Simplex Virus-2 ( HSV-2 ) infection face a significantly higher risk of contracting HIV-1 . This is thought to be due to herpetic lesions serving as entry points for HIV-1 and tissue-resident CD4+ T cell counts increasing during HSV-2 lesional events . We have created a stochastic and spatial mathe... | The risk of contracting HIV-1 is significantly higher in people who have genital HSV-2 infections . Here , we put forward a new mathematical model to describe HSV-2 infection and the process of HIV-1 infection in the genital mucosa surrounding HSV-2 lesions . We determine how the characteristics of HSV-2 infection affe... | [
"Abstract",
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] | [
"blood",
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"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cytokines",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"ret... | 2018 | Effects of spatiotemporal HSV-2 lesion dynamics and antiviral treatment on the risk of HIV-1 acquisition |
Trio exome sequencing has been successful in identifying genes with de novo mutations ( DNMs ) causing epileptic encephalopathy ( EE ) and other neurodevelopmental disorders . Here , we evaluate how well a case-control collapsing analysis recovers genes causing dominant forms of EE originally implicated by DNM analysis... | Trio exome sequencing and de novo mutation ( DNM ) analysis has been the main approach to discovering genes responsible for severe sporadic disorders , including a range of neurodevelopmental disorders . This approach requires sequencing parents , identifying DNMs from trio sequence data , and comparing the observed ra... | [
"Abstract",
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... | 2017 | A case-control collapsing analysis identifies epilepsy genes implicated in trio sequencing studies focused on de novo mutations |
In many organisms , the regenerative capacity of tissues progressively decreases as development progresses . However , the developmental mechanisms that restrict regenerative potential remain unclear . In Drosophila , wing imaginal discs become unable to regenerate upon damage during the third larval stage ( L3 ) . Her... | While some organisms exhibit remarkable regenerative abilities throughout their life , many animals , including mammals , present limited regenerative potential that progressively decreases during development . Understanding the mechanisms underlying this progressive loss is important to devise therapeutic approaches a... | [
"Abstract",
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"Results",
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] | [
"rna",
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"biology",
"luminescent",
"proteins",
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"transcription",
"fac... | 2019 | Developmental regulation of regenerative potential in Drosophila by ecdysone through a bistable loop of ZBTB transcription factors |
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