Search is not available for this dataset
article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
values | title stringlengths 20 281 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In this paper , we present a novel Bayesian adaptive dual controller ( ADC ) for autonomously programming deep brain stimulation devices . We evaluated the Bayesian ADC’s performance in the context of reducing beta power in a computational model of Parkinson’s disease , in which it was tasked with finding the set of st... | Deep brain stimulation ( DBS ) is an effective therapy for treating motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease . However , the clinical success of DBS relies on selecting stimulation parameters that both relieve symptoms while avoiding side effects . Currently , DBS devices are programmed using a laborious trial-and-error p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"biomarkers",
"neuroscience",
"organic",
"compounds",
"surgi... | 2018 | Bayesian adaptive dual control of deep brain stimulation in a computational model of Parkinson’s disease |
ESCRT proteins participate in the fission step of exocytic membrane budding , by assisting in the closure and scission of the membrane neck that connects the nascent bud to the plasma membrane . However , the precise mechanism by which the proteins achieve this so-called reverse-topology membrane scission remains to be... | Membrane fission is a crucial step in many biological processes ranging from cell division to viral budding . During fission , the membrane forms a narrow neck that is subsequently cleaved by proteins . ESCRT proteins initiate this process by forming supramolecular assemblies that adhere to the cytosolic face of the me... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"classical",
"mechanics",
"built",
"structures",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"radii",
"geometry",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"mathematics",
"materials",
"science",
"membrane",
"structures",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"thermodynamics",
"membrane",
... | 2018 | Domes and cones: Adhesion-induced fission of membranes by ESCRT proteins |
Financing of malaria control for displaced populations is limited in scope and duration , making cost-effectiveness analyses relevant but difficult . This study analyses cost-effectiveness of adding prevention through targeted indoor residual spraying ( IRS ) to case management in Afghan refugee settlements in Pakistan... | We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of adding malaria prevention to routine malaria diagnosis and treatment in Afghan refugee settlements in Pakistan during a five-year malaria epidemic . We found that malaria incidence peaked at 44 per 1 , 000 in year 2 and declined to 14 per 1 , 000 in year 5 , with an average... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusions"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"cost-effectiveness",
"analysis",
"plasmodium",
"economic",
"analysis",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"antimalarials... | 2017 | Cost-effectiveness of adding indoor residual spraying to case management in Afghan refugee settlements in Northwest Pakistan during a prolonged malaria epidemic |
The temporal order of replication of mammalian chromosomes appears to be linked to their functional organization , but the process that establishes and modifies this order during cell differentiation remains largely unknown . Here , we studied how the replication of the Igh locus initiates , progresses , and terminates... | Each time a mammalian cell duplicates its genome in preparation for cell division it activates thousands of so called “DNA origins of replication . ” The timely and complete duplication of the genome depends on careful orchestration of origin activation , which is modified when cells differentiate to perform a specific... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"genetics",
"immunology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Regulation of DNA Replication within the Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Locus During B Cell Commitment |
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause the majority of human malaria cases . Research efforts predominantly focus on P . falciparum because of the clinical severity of infection and associated mortality rates . However , P . vivax malaria affects more people in a wider global range . Furthermore , unlike P . ... | Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world with hundreds of millions of new cases every year . Malaria is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium which have a complex life cycle , alternating between mosquito and mammalian hosts . Human infections are initiated with a sporozoite inoculum ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"parasite",
"groups",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"plasmodium",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"parasitology",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"apicomplexa",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"digestive",
"system",
"proteins",
"exocrine",
... | 2017 | Proteogenomic analysis of the total and surface-exposed proteomes of Plasmodium vivax salivary gland sporozoites |
Circadian rhythms in Drosophila rely on cyclic regulation of the period ( per ) and timeless ( tim ) clock genes . The molecular cycle requires rhythmic phosphorylation of PER and TIM proteins , which is mediated by several kinases and phosphatases such as Protein Phosphatase-2A ( PP2A ) and Protein Phosphatase-1 ( PP1... | Circadian rhythms coordinate an organism's activities with its environment to ensure appropriate physiology and behavior at the relevant times of day . In Drosophila melanogaster , the central molecular clock is regulated by transcriptional and translational feedback loops that drive rhythmic waves of gene expression .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Cooperative Interaction between Phosphorylation Sites on PERIOD Maintains Circadian Period in Drosophila |
An ubiquitous property of biological sensory systems is adaptation: a step increase in stimulus triggers an initial change in a biochemical or physiological response , followed by a more gradual relaxation toward a basal , pre-stimulus level . Adaptation helps maintain essential variables within acceptable bounds and a... | Sensory systems often adapt , meaning that certain measured variables return to their basal levels after a transient response to a stimulus . An additional property that many adapting systems enjoy is that of scale invariance: the transient response remains the same when a stimulus is scaled . This work presents a math... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | A Characterization of Scale Invariant Responses in Enzymatic Networks |
Genes or their encoded products are not expected to mingle with each other unless in some disease situations . In cancer , a frequent mechanism that can produce gene fusions is chromosomal rearrangement . However , recent discoveries of RNA trans-splicing and cis-splicing between adjacent genes ( cis-SAGe ) support for... | Genes are considered the units of hereditary information; thus , neither genes nor their encoded products are expected to mingle with each other unless in some disease situations . However , the genes are not alone in the genome . Genes have neighbors , some close , some far . With RNA-seq , many fusion RNAs involving ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Discovery of CTCF-Sensitive Cis-Spliced Fusion RNAs between Adjacent Genes in Human Prostate Cells |
A living organism must not only organize itself from within; it must also maintain its organization in the face of changes in its environment and degradation of its components . We show here that a simple ( M , R ) -system consisting of three interlocking catalytic cycles , with every catalyst produced by the system it... | The question of whether a whole organism ( as opposed to particular properties of an organism ) can be modeled in the computer has been controversial . As a step towards resolving it , we have studied the feasibility of simulating the behavior of a simple theoretical model in which all the catalysts needed for the meta... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry/biocatalysis",
"biochemistry/theory",
"and",
"simulation"
] | 2010 | A Simple Self-Maintaining Metabolic System: Robustness, Autocatalysis, Bistability |
Microbes have evolved many strategies to adapt to changes in environmental conditions and population structures , including cooperation and competition . One apparently competitive mechanism is contact dependent growth inhibition ( CDI ) . Identified in Escherichia coli , CDI is mediated by Two–Partner Secretion ( TPS ... | Contact dependent growth inhibition ( CDI ) is a phenomenon discovered in Escherichia coli in which CDI+ bacteria inhibit the growth of CDI− bacteria upon cell-to-cell contact . CDI is mediated by large toxic “exoproteins” present on the bacterial cell surface . An ‘immunity’ protein protects CDI+ cells from killing th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"bacterial",
"biofilms",
"gram",
"negative",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"bacterial",
"evolution",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"microbial",
"ecology"
] | 2012 | The Burkholderia bcpAIOB Genes Define Unique Classes of Two-Partner Secretion and Contact Dependent Growth Inhibition Systems |
Despite the importance of maintaining redox homeostasis for cellular viability , how cells control redox balance globally is poorly understood . Here we provide new mechanistic insight into how the balance between reduced and oxidized electron carriers is regulated at the level of gene expression by mapping the regulon... | The cofactor NAD+ plays a central role in energy conservation pathways , shuttling electrons from the oxidation of growth substrates to respiratory or fermentative pathways . To sustain catabolism and cellular ATP demand , an appropriate balance between the reduced and oxidized forms of NAD+ must be maintained . Our ge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Bacterial Response Regulator ArcA Uses a Diverse Binding Site Architecture to Regulate Carbon Oxidation Globally |
Little is known about the neurocognitive outcome in children exposed to perinatal mother-to-child Chikungunya virus ( p-CHIKV ) infection . The CHIMERE ambispective cohort study compared the neurocognitive function of 33 p-CHIKV-infected children ( all but one enrolled retrospectively ) at around two years of age with ... | Chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) , an alphaviral infection transmitted by day-biting Aedes mosquitoes , is widespread in Asia and in Africa . Usually , CHIKV causes a self-limiting arthritide , except in debilitated people and in neonates , for whom it can lead to severe disease . Mother-to-child perinatal transmission of C... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neonatology",
"cognitive",
"neurology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"behavioral",
"and",
"social",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"emerging",
"vira... | 2014 | Neurocognitive Outcome of Children Exposed to Perinatal Mother-to-Child Chikungunya Virus Infection: The CHIMERE Cohort Study on Reunion Island |
Innate CD8+ T cells express a memory-like phenotype and demonstrate a strong cytotoxic capacity that is critical during the early phase of the host response to certain bacterial and viral infections . These cells arise in the thymus and depend on IL-4 and IL-15 for their development . Even though innate CD8+ T cells ex... | Murine innate CD8+ T cells demonstrate strong cytotoxic capacity during the early phase of certain bacterial and viral infections . Such cells have been reported to be present in both mice and humans but many questions remain as to their differentiation and maturation process . Innate CD8+ T cells arise in the thymus a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immunology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"developmental",
"biology",
"protozoan... | 2019 | Thymic expression of IL-4 and IL-15 after systemic inflammatory or infectious Th1 disease processes induce the acquisition of "innate" characteristics during CD8+ T cell development |
Bushmeat hunting threatens biodiversity and increases the risk of zoonotic pathogen transmission . Nevertheless , limited information exists on patterns of contact with wildlife in communities that practice bushmeat hunting , especially with respect to social drivers of hunting behavior . We used interview responses fr... | Bushmeat hunting threatens biodiversity and increases the risk of disease transmission from animals to people . Using interview methods , we described patterns of hunting , potential pathways for zoonotic disease transmission , and drivers of hunting behavior in hunting communities in Southeast Nigeria . Participants c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Drivers of Bushmeat Hunting and Perceptions of Zoonoses in Nigerian Hunting Communities |
Schistosomes , blood flukes , are an important global public health concern . Paired adult female schistosomes produce large numbers of eggs that are primarily responsible for the disease pathology and critical for dissemination . Consequently , understanding schistosome sexual maturation and egg production may open no... | Schistosomes are parasitic worms that cause the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis . Schistosomes infect > 200 million people and lead to considerable morbidity , which is primarily due to egg deposition and the ensuing host immune response . Pairing with a male is a prerequisite for female sexual development a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"luciferase",
"assay",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"reproductive",
"system",
"helminths",
"gene",
"regulation",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"biochemical",
"analysis",
"micrornas",... | 2016 | MicroRNAs Are Involved in the Regulation of Ovary Development in the Pathogenic Blood Fluke Schistosoma japonicum |
In this paper we introduce a fully flexible coarse-grained model of immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) antibodies parametrized directly on cryo-EM data and simulate the binding dynamics of many IgGs to antigens adsorbed on a surface at increasing densities . Moreover , we work out a theoretical model that allows to explain all t... | Antibodies are the main working horses of the human immune system . Remarkably , no matter the size or the shape of the pathological intruders , these extremely flexible three-lobe molecules are able to form a complex , thus eliciting an immune response . What makes antibodies so effective ? To answer this and other qu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"small",
"molecules",
"immunology",
"radii",
"geometry",
"organic",
"compounds",
"ellipsoids",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"mathematics",
"antibodies",
"thermod... | 2016 | Simulation and Theory of Antibody Binding to Crowded Antigen-Covered Surfaces |
Cellular heterogeneity hinders the extraction of functionally significant results and inference of regulatory networks from wide-scale expression profiles of complex mammalian organs . The mammalian inner ear consists of the auditory and vestibular systems that are each composed of hair cells , supporting cells , neuro... | The mammalian inner ear is a highly complex sensory organ , and mutations in more than 100 genes underlie hereditary human non-syndromic hearing loss . Nevertheless , little is known about the signaling cascades downstream of deafness genes . Genome-wide expression profiling is an invaluable tool for gaining systems-le... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"auditory",
"system",
"systems",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"sensory",
"systems",
"gene",
"networks",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
... | 2011 | Cell Type–Specific Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Major Role for Zeb1 and miR-200b in Mouse Inner Ear Morphogenesis |
MBT domain proteins are involved in developmental processes and tumorigenesis . In vitro binding and mutagenesis studies have shown that individual MBT domains within clustered MBT repeat regions bind mono- and dimethylated histone lysine residues with little to no sequence specificity but discriminate against the tri-... | Post-translational modifications ( PTM ) of histones , the proteins around which DNA is wrapped in chromatin , have been implicated in different biological processes ranging from transcriptional regulation to cell cycle progression . Many histone PTMs recruit specific proteins that translate their function into biologi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetic",
"mutation",
"protein",
"interactions",
"histone",
"modification",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"development",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"chromatin",
"chromosome",
"bi... | 2011 | H3K9me2/3 Binding of the MBT Domain Protein LIN-61 Is Essential for Caenorhabditis elegans Vulva Development |
Melioidosis is a problem in the developing tropical regions of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia where the the Gram negative saprophytic bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei is endemic with the risk of fulminant septicaemia . While diabetes mellitus is a well-established risk factor for melioidiosis , little is known... | Melioidosis is a problem in the developing tropical regions of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia where the Gram negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei can cause life-threatening infection . Diabetes mellitus is a recognised risk factor for melioidiosis; however little is known if commonly used anti-diabetic dr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"and",
"occupational",
"health",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"primary",
"care",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"endocrinology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"critical",
"care",
"and",
"emergency",
"med... | 2014 | Sulphonylurea Usage in Melioidosis Is Associated with Severe Disease and Suppressed Immune Response |
The recent origin and great evolutionary potential of HIV imply that the virulence of the virus might still be changing , which could greatly affect the future of the pandemic . However , previous studies of time trends of HIV virulence have yielded conflicting results . Here we used an established methodology to asses... | The AIDS epidemic claims more lives per year than any other infectious disease , even though its cause , the Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) , is the youngest of all major human pathogens . The recent origin and great evolutionary potential of the virus raise the possibility that the virus might still be adapting ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses"
] | 2009 | Increasing Clinical Virulence in Two Decades of the Italian HIV Epidemic |
Invariant representations of stimulus features are thought to play an important role in producing stable percepts of objects . In the present study , we assess the invariance of neural representations of tactile motion direction with respect to other stimulus properties . To this end , we record the responses evoked in... | When we physically interact with an object , our hands convey information about the shape of the object , its texture , its compliance , and its thermal properties . This information allows us to manipulate tools and to recognize objects based on tactile exploration alone . One of the hallmarks of tactile object recogn... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology/sensory",
"systems",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2010 | Shape Invariant Coding of Motion Direction in Somatosensory Cortex |
The mechanistic basis for how genetic variants cause differences in phenotypic traits is often elusive . We identified a quantitative trait locus in Caenorhabditis elegans that affects three seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits: lifetime fecundity , adult body size , and susceptibility to the human pathogen Staphylocc... | Using the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans , we identified differences in lifetime fecundity , adult body size , and susceptibility to the human pathogen Staphyloccus aureus between the laboratory strain ( N2 ) from Bristol , England and a wild strain ( CB4856 ) from Hawaii , USA . Using linkage mapping and ot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"animal",
"genetics",
"model",
"organisms",
"trait",
"locus",
"heredity",
"genetics",
"quantitative",
"traits",
"biology",
"complex",
"traits"
] | 2014 | A Variant in the Neuropeptide Receptor npr-1 is a Major Determinant of Caenorhabditis elegans Growth and Physiology |
Whole genome sequencing of cancer genomes has revealed a diversity of recurrent gross chromosomal rearrangements ( GCRs ) that are likely signatures of specific defects in DNA damage response pathways . However , inferring the underlying defects has been difficult due to insufficient information relating defects in DNA... | Recent advances in the sequencing of human cancer genomes have revealed that some types of genome rearrangements are more common in specific types of cancers . Thus , these cancers may share defects in DNA repair mechanisms , which may play roles in initiation or progression of the disease and may be useful therapeutic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"biology",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"genetic",
"screens",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungal",
"model... | 2014 | DNA Repair Pathway Selection Caused by Defects in TEL1, SAE2, and De Novo Telomere Addition Generates Specific Chromosomal Rearrangement Signatures |
During the initial stages of carcinogenesis , transformation events occur in a single cell within an epithelial monolayer . However , it remains unknown what happens at the interface between normal and transformed epithelial cells during this process . In Drosophila , it has been recently shown that normal and transfor... | Cell transformation arises from the activation of oncoproteins and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins . During the initial stage of carcinogenesis , transformation occurs in a single epithelial cell that grows within an epithelial monolayer . However , it remains unclear what happens at the interface between ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"cell",
"biology/developmental",
"m... | 2010 | Involvement of Lgl and Mahjong/VprBP in Cell Competition |
Innate immunity is an ancient and conserved defense system that provides an early effective response against invaders . Many immune genes of Anopheles mosquitoes have been implicated in defense against a variety of pathogens , including plasmodia . Nevertheless , only recent work identified some immune genes of Anophel... | A . aquasalis is an important natural malaria vector in the Americas , where most malaria cases are due to P . vivax . There is little information on both the insect and the parasite . One of the difficulties of working with P . vivax is the impossibility of culturing this parasite continuously , reason why our studies... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"immune",
"cells",
"oocysts",
"plasmodium",
"immunology",
"animals",
"parasitology",
"animal",
"models",
"apicomplexa",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
... | 2018 | An Anopheles aquasalis GATA factor Serpent is required for immunity against Plasmodium and bacteria |
What is the best way to teach evolution ? As microevolution may be configured as a branch of genetics , it being a short conceptual leap from understanding the concepts of mutation and alleles ( i . e . , genetics ) to allele frequency change ( i . e . , evolution ) , we hypothesised that learning genetics prior to evo... | What is the best way to teach evolution ? We hypothesised that if students know the fundamental concepts of genetics , then this might help them understand evolution better . To evaluate this , we performed a large trial in which pupils in United Kingdom secondary schools were either taught genetics and then evolution ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"education",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"teachers",
"anthropology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"cultural",
"anthropology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"... | 2017 | Teaching genetics prior to teaching evolution improves evolution understanding but not acceptance |
During cell division , the spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation by monitoring the kinetochore–microtubule interaction and delaying the onset of anaphase until each pair of sister chromosomes is properly attached to microtubules . The spindle checkpoint is deactivated as chromosomes start moving to... | The spindle checkpoint protects cells from aneuploidy by monitoring the status of the kinetochore-microtubule attachment . Defects in this checkpoint pathway and in kinetochore-microtubule attachment can cause substantial aneuploidy in cells . The duration of the mitotic arrest induced by the spindle checkpoint is not ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Bub1-Mediated Adaptation of the Spindle Checkpoint |
Human and animal trypanosomiasis , spread by tsetse flies ( Glossina spp ) , is a major public health concern in much of sub-Saharan Africa . The basic reproduction number of vector-borne diseases , such as trypanosomiasis , is a function of vector mortality rate . Robust methods for estimating tsetse mortality are thu... | Trypanosomiasis , spread by tsetse flies ( Glossina spp . ) , is a disease that is fatal for both humans and livestock if left untreated , and is a serious threat to public health in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa . In order to understand the dynamics of the disease it is important also to understand tsetse populat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"demography",
"age",
"distribution",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"glossina",
"developmental",
"biology",
"pupae",
"tsetse",
"fly",
"insect",
"vectors",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"zoonose... | 2017 | A dynamic model for estimating adult female mortality from ovarian dissection data for the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes Austen sampled in Zimbabwe |
The Icelandic population has been sampled in many disease association studies , providing a strong motivation to understand the structure of this population and its ramifications for disease gene mapping . Previous work using 40 microsatellites showed that the Icelandic population is relatively homogeneous , but exhibi... | The Icelandic population is a structured population , in that geographic regions of Iceland exhibit differences in allele frequencies of genetic markers . Although these differences are relatively small , previous work has shown that they can bias association statistics in disease studies if cases and controls are samp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/medical",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | The Impact of Divergence Time on the Nature of Population Structure: An Example from Iceland |
Chromatin structure and gene expression are regulated by posttranslational modifications ( PTMs ) on the N-terminal tails of histones . Mono- , di- , or trimethylation of lysine residues by histone lysine methyltransferases ( HKMTases ) can have activating or repressive functions depending on the position and context o... | The characteristics of the diverse cell types in multicellular organisms result from differential gene expression that is dependent on the level of DNA packaging . Genes that are essential for the function of the cell are expressed; while unessential genes , and DNA elements ( transposons or “jumping genes” ) that can ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/histone",
"modification",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology/nucleolus",
"and",
"nuclear",
"bodies",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"biochemistry/protein",
"chemistry... | 2011 | The SUVR4 Histone Lysine Methyltransferase Binds Ubiquitin and Converts H3K9me1 to H3K9me3 on Transposon Chromatin in Arabidopsis |
Pregnant women and animals have increased susceptibility to a variety of intracellular pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes ( LM ) , which has been associated with significantly increased level of sex hormones such as progesterone . CD8 T memory ( Tm ) cell-mediated antigen-non-specific IFN-γ responses are critic... | Increased female sex hormones during pregnancy generate a temporary immune suppression status in the pregnant that protect the developing fetus from maternal rejection but renders the pregnant highly susceptible to various pathogens . However , molecular mechanisms underlying such an increased maternal susceptibility t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"maternal",
"health",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynecology",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"hormones",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"women's",
"health",
"pregnancy... | 2017 | Progesterone impairs antigen-non-specific immune protection by CD8 T memory cells via interferon-γ gene hypermethylation |
Physical damage can strongly affect plant growth , reducing the biomass of developing organs situated at a distance from wounds . These effects , previously studied in leaves , require the activation of jasmonate ( JA ) signalling . Using a novel assay involving repetitive cotyledon wounding in Arabidopsis seedlings , ... | The study of plant development is generally carried out in the absence of physical injury . However , damage to plant organs through biotic and abiotic insult is common in nature . Under these conditions the jasmonate pathway that has a low activity in unstressed vegetative tissues imposes its activity on cell division... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Multilayered Organization of Jasmonate Signalling in the Regulation of Root Growth |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ( VEEV ) has been the causative agent for sporadic epidemics and equine epizootics throughout the Americas since the 1930s . In 1969 , an outbreak of Venezuelan equine encephalitis ( VEE ) spread rapidly from Guatemala and through the Gulf Coast region of Mexico , reaching Texas in ... | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ( VEEV ) has been responsible for hundreds of thousands of human and equine cases of severe disease in the Americas . In 1969 , an outbreak of Venezuelan equine encephalitis ( VEE ) spread rapidly from Guatemala and through the Gulf Coast region of Mexico , reaching Texas in 1971 . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"animal",
"types",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"arboviral",
"infections",
"biology",
"vectors",
"and... | 2012 | Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Activity in the Gulf Coast Region of Mexico, 2003–2010 |
Allostery is one of the pervasive mechanisms through which proteins in living systems carry out enzymatic activity , cell signaling , and metabolism control . Effective modeling of the protein function regulation requires a synthesis of the thermodynamic and structural views of allostery . We present here a structure-b... | The 50th anniversary of Monod-Changeux-Jacob seminal paper “Allosteric proteins and cellular control systems” became the hallmark of a new wave in the allostery studies and the turning point in our vision of allostery and its implications in protein engineering and drug design . Recent experimental and theoretical work... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"allosteric",
"regulation",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"protein",
"structure",
"thermodynamics",
"enzyme",
"chemistry",
"dehydrogenases",
"proteins",
"enzyme",
"regulation",
"oxidoreductases",
"molecular",
"biology",
"free",
... | 2016 | Structure-Based Statistical Mechanical Model Accounts for the Causality and Energetics of Allosteric Communication |
Midline destructive lesions of the face ( MDL ) have a wide range of etiologies . Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ( CL ) is rarely reported as a possible cause . Fifteen patients with solitary nasal lesions caused by CL were studied . The clinical data , biopsies/scrapings and PCR were collected/performed . Ridley’s Pattern ( ... | Midline destructive lesions of the face ( MDL ) involve a process that leads to ulceration and loss of the normal structure . The possible causes vary from infectious to neoplastic . Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ( CL ) is a neglected tropical disease that is transmitted through the bite of one of the female phlebotomine san... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"rheumatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"sarcoidosis",
"protozoans",
"signs",
"and",
"sympt... | 2016 | Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: An Overlooked Etiology of Midfacial Destructive Lesions |
The organization of the axonal cytoskeleton is a key determinant of the normal function of an axon , which is a long thin projection of a neuron . Under normal conditions two axonal cytoskeletal polymers , microtubules and neurofilaments , align longitudinally in axons and are interspersed in axonal cross-sections . Ho... | The shape and function of axons is dependent on a dynamic system of microscopic intracellular protein polymers ( microtubules , neurofilaments and microfilaments ) that comprise the axonal cytoskeleton . Neurofilaments are cargoes of intracellular transport that move along microtubule tracks , and they accumulate abnor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | A Stochastic Multiscale Model That Explains the Segregation of Axonal Microtubules and Neurofilaments in Neurological Diseases |
In South Asia , hundreds of millions of people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths ( Ascaris lumbricoides , hookworm , and Trichuris trichiura ) . However , high-resolution risk profiles and the estimated number of people infected have yet to be determined . In turn , such information will assist control progr... | Hundreds of millions of people in South Asia are infected with parasitic worms , such as hookworm , roundworm , and whipworm . However , precise information on where these infections occur and the exact number of people affected is not available . Such information though is important to aid control programs , so that i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"hookworms",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"ascaris",
"ascaris",
"lumbricoides",
"pharmaceutics",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
... | 2019 | Risk profiling of soil-transmitted helminth infection and estimated number of infected people in South Asia: A systematic review and Bayesian geostatistical Analysis |
RNA-directed DNA methylation ( RdDM ) is required for transcriptional silencing of transposons and other DNA repeats in Arabidopsis thaliana . Although previous research has demonstrated that the SET domain-containing SU ( VAR ) 3–9 homologs SUVH2 and SUVH9 are involved in the RdDM pathway , the underlying mechanism re... | Small RNA-induced transcriptional silencing at transposable elements and other DNA repeats is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in plants , fungi , and animals . In Arabidopsis thaliana , an RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway is involved in transcriptional silencing . Noncoding RNAs produced by the plant-specific... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"rna",
"interference",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"dna",
"modification",
"chromatin",
"histone",
"modification"
] | 2014 | The SET Domain Proteins SUVH2 and SUVH9 Are Required for Pol V Occupancy at RNA-Directed DNA Methylation Loci |
Leprosy is a condition that has long been associated with stigma and discrimination , even when infected persons have been cured . This paper describes stigma and discrimination as viewed by caregivers who are associated with people affected by leprosy in Ghana . A qualitative interview with semi-structured interviews ... | In Ghana , the social interpretation of leprosy regardless of the language , culture and tradition engenders stigmatization and discrimination that leads to social rejection and exclusion of persons who have been cured of the disease . Often , these persons are cared for by relatives who happen to live with them in a c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"employment",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"health",
"care",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"afric... | 2018 | Caregivers’ views on stigmatization and discrimination of people affected by leprosy in Ghana |
Cortical connectivity emerges from the permanent interaction between neuronal activity and synaptic as well as structural plasticity . An important experimentally observed feature of this connectivity is the distribution of the number of synapses from one neuron to another , which has been measured in several cortical ... | The connectivity between neurons is modified by different mechanisms . On a time scale of minutes to hours one finds synaptic plasticity , whereas mechanisms for structural changes at axons or dendrites may take days . One main factor determining structural changes is the weight of a connection , which , in turn , is a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | The Formation of Multi-synaptic Connections by the Interaction of Synaptic and Structural Plasticity and Their Functional Consequences |
Apoptosis in HIV-1-infected CD4+ primary T cells is triggered by the alteration of the PI3K and p53 pathways , which converge on the FOXO3a transcriptional activator . Tat alone can cause activation of FOXO3a and of its proapoptotic target genes . To understand how Tat affects this pathway , we carried out ChIP-Chip ex... | HIV infection leads to the depletion of CD4+ T cells , the major viral cell target . The destruction of these cells can occur because of cytopathic effect or apoptosis . HIV Tat is one of the proteins that can contribute to the apoptotic process of both infected and uninfected cells , as it is released in the plasma an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids",
"virology/effects",
"of",
"virus",
"infection",
"on",
"host",
"gene",
"expression"
] | 2010 | Association of Tat with Promoters of PTEN and PP2A Subunits Is Key to Transcriptional Activation of Apoptotic Pathways in HIV-Infected CD4+ T Cells |
Rift Valley Fever ( RVF ) , is a viral zoonotic disease transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes . In Kenya , its occurrence is associated with increased rains . In Baringo County , RVF was first reported in 2006–2007 resulting in 85 human cases and 5 human deaths , besides livestock losses and livelihood disruptions ... | The study focuses on the knowledge and socio-cultural practices around Rift Valley Fever ( RVF ) in Baringo County . It is intended to identify means through which communities in Baringo County could be exposed to RVF in the event of an outbreak . Specifically , it addresses knowledge of RVF transmission routes , pract... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"ruminants",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"diet",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"products",
"research",
"design",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"nutrition",
"meat",
"neglected",
"tropical... | 2017 | “We do not bury dead livestock like human beings”: Community behaviors and risk of Rift Valley Fever virus infection in Baringo County, Kenya |
The Bae , Cpx , Psp , Rcs , and σE pathways constitute the Escherichia coli signaling systems that detect and respond to alterations of the bacterial envelope . Contributions of these systems to stress response have previously been examined individually; however , the possible interconnections between these pathways ar... | Bacteria possess various signaling systems that sense and respond to environmental conditions . The bacterial envelope is at the front line for most external stress conditions; its components sense perturbations and transmit signals to induce transcriptional reprogramming , leading to an adaptive response . In Escheric... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics"
] | 2009 | Global Analysis of Extracytoplasmic Stress Signaling in Escherichia coli |
During cell division all chromosomes must be segregated accurately to each daughter cell . Errors in this process give rise to aneuploidy , which leads to birth defects and is implicated in cancer progression . The spindle checkpoint is a surveillance mechanism that ensures high fidelity of chromosome segregation by in... | Many human diseases , including birth defects and cancer , are associated with aneuploidy . This is where cells have an incorrect number of chromosomes , because of a failure to segregate their genetic material accurately during cell division . Cells employ many control mechanisms to ensure an extremely high fidelity o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"saccharomyces",
"biochemistry",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Bub1 Kinase Targets Sgo1 to Ensure Efficient Chromosome Biorientation in Budding Yeast Mitosis |
Pathogens can substantially alter gene expression within an infected host depending on metabolic or virulence requirements in different tissues , however , the effect of these alterations on host immunity are unclear . Here we visualized multiple CD4 T cell responses to temporally expressed proteins in Salmonella-infec... | Pathogens alter protein expression in an infected host , depending on metabolic or virulence requirements , but the effect of these changes on the immune response is unclear . We identified new class-II epitopes within Salmonella type-III secretion system effector proteins and generated a methodology to visualize endog... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Temporal Expression of Bacterial Proteins Instructs Host CD4 T Cell Expansion and Th17 Development |
Inbreeding increases the risk of certain Mendelian disorders in humans but may also reduce fitness through its effects on complex traits and diseases . Such inbreeding depression is thought to occur due to increased homozygosity at causal variants that are recessive with respect to fitness . Until recently it has been ... | Inbreeding is well known to increase the risk of rare , monogenic diseases , and there has been some evidence that it also affects complex traits , such as cognition and educational attainment . However , difficulties can arise when inferring causation in these types of analyses because of the potential for confounding... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"education",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"problem",
"solving",
"neuroscience",
"anthropology",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"biometrics",
"cultural",
"anthropology",
"mood",
"disorders",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods... | 2018 | Relationships between estimated autozygosity and complex traits in the UK Biobank |
Genetic models of ribosome dysfunction show selective organ failure , highlighting a gap in our understanding of cell-type specific responses to translation insufficiency . Translation defects underlie a growing list of inherited and acquired cancer-predisposition syndromes referred to as ribosomopathies . We sought to... | Growth of all living things relies on protein synthesis . Failure of components of the complex protein synthesis machinery underlies a growing list of inherited and acquired multi—organ syndromes referred to as ribosomopathies . While ribosomes , the critical working components of the protein synthesis machinery , are ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | In Vivo Senescence in the Sbds-Deficient Murine Pancreas: Cell-Type Specific Consequences of Translation Insufficiency |
Evolutionary pathways describe trajectories of biological evolution in the space of different variants of organisms ( genotypes ) . The probability of existence and the number of evolutionary pathways that lead from a given genotype to a better-adapted genotype are important measures of accessibility of local fitness o... | Biological evolution is driven by heritable , genetic alterations that affect the fitness of organisms . However , the pool of “fitter” variants ( genotypes ) is often restricted and it is not at all obvious how evolution finds its way from low-fitness to high-fitness genotypes in a complex , multidimensional “fitness ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"epistasis",
"mutation",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"fitness",
"epistasis",
"repeated",
"sequences",
"molecular",
"bio... | 2016 | Beyond the Hypercube: Evolutionary Accessibility of Fitness Landscapes with Realistic Mutational Networks |
Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 ( BRCA1 ) and binding partner BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 ( BARD1 ) form an essential E3 ubiquitin ligase important for DNA damage repair and homologous recombination . The Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs , BRC-1 and BRD-1 , also function in DNA damage repair , homologous... | Our genomes are passed down from one generation to the next through the specialized cell division program of meiosis . Meiosis is highly regulated to coordinate both the large scale chromosomal and fine scale DNA events to ensure fidelity . While the tumor suppressor BRCA1-BARD1 is essential for genome integrity , its ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"meiosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"gonads",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"caenorhabditis",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"cancer",
"risk",
"factors",
"animals",
"animal",
"models... | 2018 | The tumor suppressor BRCA1-BARD1 complex localizes to the synaptonemal complex and regulates recombination under meiotic dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma infect over 200 million people , causing granulomatous pathology with accompanying morbidity and mortality . As a consequence of extensive host-parasite co-evolution , schistosomes exhibit a complex relationship with their hosts , in which immunological factors are intimately linke... | Schistosomiasis is a devastating disease caused by Schistosoma blood flukes and is a leading parasitic cause of morbidity and mortality in the Developing World . The regulation of inflammatory responses to schistosome eggs trapped in tissues is critical for host survival and is established before egg deposition begins ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Regulation of Innate Responses during Pre-patent Schistosome Infection Provides an Immune Environment Permissive for Parasite Development |
Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease , an endemic and debilitating illness in Latin America . Lately , owing to extensive population movements , this neglected tropical disease has become a global health concern . The two clinically available drugs for the chemotherapy of Chagas disease have rather high toxicity and... | Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease , a chronic illness endemic to Latin America . In recent years , this neglected infectious disease has also become a global health concern due to the intense migratory flow of chronically affected individuals to nonendemic regions such as the U . S . and Euro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"developmental",
"biology",
"protozoan... | 2016 | Validation of N-myristoyltransferase as Potential Chemotherapeutic Target in Mammal-Dwelling Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi |
The combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ( TMS ) with Electroencephalography ( EEG ) exposes the brain’s global response to localized and abrupt stimulations . However , large electric artifacts are induced in the EEG by the TMS , obscuring crucial stages of the brain’s response . Artifact removal is common... | The combined use of transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS ) with electroencephalography ( EEG ) is rapidly becoming a useful diagnostic and research tool for measuring the brain’s global response to localized and abrupt stimulations . However , large electric artifacts that are induced in the EEG by the TMS must be r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"knees",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"legs",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"electronics",
"transcranial",
"magnetic",
"stimulation",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"limbs",
"(anatomy)",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
... | 2018 | A quantitative physical model of the TMS-induced discharge artifacts in EEG |
Botulinum neurotoxins ( BoNTs ) include seven bacterial toxins ( BoNT/A-G ) that target presynaptic terminals and act as proteases cleaving proteins required for synaptic vesicle exocytosis . Here we identified synaptic vesicle protein SV2 as the protein receptor for BoNT/D . BoNT/D enters cultured hippocampal neurons ... | BoNTs are a family of seven bacterial toxins ( BoNT/A-G ) . Among the seven BoNTs , whether BoNT/D uses the same entry pathways and similar receptor-binding strategies as other BoNTs is not known . Previous studies have suggested that BoNT/D does not need a protein receptor nor ganglioside co-receptor , in contrast to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"botulism"
] | 2011 | Botulinum Neurotoxin D Uses Synaptic Vesicle Protein SV2 and Gangliosides as Receptors |
The ability to modulate brain states using targeted stimulation is increasingly being employed to treat neurological disorders and to enhance human performance . Despite the growing interest in brain stimulation as a form of neuromodulation , much remains unknown about the network-level impact of these focal perturbati... | Brain stimulation is increasingly used in clinical settings to treat neurological disorders , but much remains unknown about how stimulation to a single brain region impacts large-scale , brain network activity . Using structural neuroimaging scans , we create computational models of brain dynamics for eight participan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"control",
"theory",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"neural",
"networks",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"brain",
"neuroscience",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"control",
"engineering",
"brain",
"morphometry",
"systems",
"... | 2016 | Stimulation-Based Control of Dynamic Brain Networks |
The catalytic subunit of yeast telomerase , Est2p , is a telomere associated throughout most of the cell cycle , while the Est1p subunit binds only in late S/G2 phase , the time of telomerase action . Est2p binding in G1/early S phase requires a specific interaction between telomerase RNA ( TLC1 ) and Ku80p . Here , we... | Duplication of linear DNA is complicated by the fact that conventional DNA polymerases cannot copy their ends . From yeasts to humans , replication of DNA ends , called telomeres , is accomplished by a telomere-dedicated reverse transcriptase called telomerase that uses its RNA subunit as a template . We show that ther... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function"
] | 2008 | Two Pathways Recruit Telomerase to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomeres |
Snakebite has only recently been recognized as a neglected tropical disease by the WHO . Knowledge regarding snakebites and its care is poor both at the population level , and at the health care staff level . The goal of this study was to describe the level of knowledge and clinical practice regarding snakebite among h... | In this manuscript , I report the general knowledge regarding snakebite envenomation and its care before and after a two-day course that was organized in Yaounde , the capital city of Cameroon , in late 2015 . Snakebite is a public health issue , particularly in sub-Saharan Africa , where access to antivenoms is dramat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"medical",
"doctors",
"medical",
"personnel",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"health",
"care",
"health",
"care",
"providers",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"allied",
"health",
"c... | 2018 | Knowledge, attitude and practices of snakebite management amongst health workers in Cameroon: Need for continuous training and capacity building |
The Hedgehog signaling is a determinant pathway for tumor progression . However , while inhibition of the Hedgehog canonical pathway—Patched–Smoothened–Gli—has proved efficient in human tumors with activating mutations in this pathway , recent clinical data have failed to show any benefit in other cancers , even though... | Abnormal activity of the Hedgehog signaling pathway has been linked with tumor progression; deregulation of this pathway can occur in cancers either by mutations in key effectors of the so-called canonical signaling pathway or by aberrant expression of Hedgehog itself . While inhibition of the canonical signaling pathw... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Experimental",
"Procedures"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine"
] | 2013 | Sonic Hedgehog Promotes Tumor Cell Survival by Inhibiting CDON Pro-Apoptotic Activity |
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis are important public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa causing malnutrition , anemia , and retardation of physical and cognitive development . However , the effect of these diseases on physical fitness remains to be determined . We investigated the relationship bet... | The burden of parasitic worm infections is considerable , particularly in developing countries . It is acknowledged that parasitic worm infections negatively impact on children's school performance and physical development . A deeper understanding of these linkages is important for updating burden of disease measures .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"population",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Effect of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections on Physical Fitness of School Children in Côte d'Ivoire |
Many prion-forming proteins contain glutamine/asparagine ( Q/N ) rich domains , and there are conflicting opinions as to the role of primary sequence in their conversion to the prion form: is this phenomenon driven primarily by amino acid composition , or , as a recent computational analysis suggested , dependent on th... | The determinants of prion formation in proteins that are rich in glutamine and asparagine are still under debate: is the process driven by primary sequence or by amino acid composition ? In 2015 Sabate et al . published a paper suggesting that the process is triggered by short amyloid-prone sequences . Their argument w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"prions",
"amino",
"acid",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"saccharomyces",
"sequence",
"analys... | 2017 | Amino acid composition predicts prion activity |
Protein sequences encompass tertiary structures and contain information about specific molecular interactions , which in turn determine biological functions of proteins . Knowledge about how protein sequences define interaction specificity is largely missing , in particular for paralogous protein families with high seq... | Proteins are active in complexes and therefore it is of utmost importance to understand their protein-protein interaction patterns . Over the last decade , various large-scale screening methods have been developed and implemented providing insight into interactomes for a number of model species . Despite all these effo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"genomes",
"and",
"evolution",
"computational",
"biology/sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"developmental",
"biology/plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
... | 2010 | Sequence Motifs in MADS Transcription Factors Responsible for Specificity and Diversification of Protein-Protein Interaction |
The WHO seeks to control trachoma as a public health problem in endemic areas . Achham District in western Nepal was found to have TF ( trachoma follicular ) above 20% in a 2006 government survey , triggering 3 annual mass drug administrations finishing in 2010 . Here we assess the level of control that has been achiev... | Trachoma is the most common cause of blindness from a bacterial infection in the world . It is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . The WHO ( World Health Organization ) seeks to control this disease worldwide using SAFE which includes mass antibiotic administrations ( MDA ) with azithromycin . The Nepal Nat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chlamydia",
"trachomatis",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"drugs",
"bacterial",... | 2016 | Control of Trachoma from Achham District, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Nepal National Trachoma Program |
Kynurenines , the products of tryptophan oxidative degradation , are involved in multiple neuropathologies , such as Huntington's chorea , Parkinson's disease , senile dementia , etc . The major cause for hydroxykynurenines's neurotoxicity is the oxidative stress induced by the reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , the by-... | Kynurenines , the products of tryptophan catabolism , are compounds with the multiple neuroactive properties . Hydroxykynurenines are redox modulators with a dual role in the oxidative stress development: being able to block lipid peroxidation , they also produce toxic free radicals during the oxidative self-dimerizati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"heme",
"invertebrates",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"animals",
"alkanes",
"animal",
"models",
"solutions",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"materials",
"science",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"thermodynamics",
"drosophila",
"physical",
"chemistry... | 2018 | Enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways of kynurenines' dimerization: the molecular factors for oxidative stress development |
Receptors constitute the interface of cells to their external environment . These molecules bind specific ligands involved in multiple processes , such as signal transduction and nutrient transport . Although a variety of cell surface receptors undergo endocytosis , the systems-level design principles that govern the e... | Cells interact with their environment using molecules on their surface known as receptors . Receptors bind specific companion molecules known as ligands , which either carry information about the outside environment or are critical cell nutrients . Signaling receptors bind the former ligand type and convert information... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"biochemistry",
"mathematics",
"cell",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"mammals"
] | 2007 | Cell Surface Receptors for Signal Transduction and Ligand Transport: A Design Principles Study |
Paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) is a systemic mycosis caused by pathogenic dimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides . It is the most important systemic mycosis in Latin America and the leading cause of hospitalizations and death among them in Brazil . Acute PCM is less frequent but relevant because vulnerable young... | Paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) is a neglected systemic mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides present in the soil and is endemic to Latin America . The acute clinical form of this disease is less frequent than the chronic type of presentation . However , it is a more severe clinical condition , potential... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"spleen",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"fungi",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"lymphatic",
"system",
"paracoccidioidomycosis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
... | 2017 | Acute juvenile Paracoccidioidomycosis: A 9-year cohort study in the endemic area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
Voltage-gated Na+-channels are transmembrane proteins that are responsible for the fast depolarizing phase of the action potential in nerve and muscular cells . Selective permeability of Na+ over Ca2+ or K+ ions is essential for the biological function of Na+-channels . After the emergence of the first high-resolution ... | Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that control the passive diffusion of ions down their electrochemical gradient . According to the most permeating ion species , ion channels are classified in three categories: K+-channels , Na+-channels , and Ca2+-channels . The atomic structure of a K+-channel was the first... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"chemistry",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"biophysics"
] | 2012 | On Conduction in a Bacterial Sodium Channel |
Although research has determined that reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) function as signaling molecules in plant development , the molecular mechanism by which ROS regulate plant growth is not well known . An aba overly sensitive mutant , abo8-1 , which is defective in a pentatricopeptide repeat ( PPR ) protein responsib... | Abscisic acid ( ABA ) plays crucial roles in plant growth and development , and also in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses . ABA can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) that act as signals in low concentrations , but as cell-damaging agents in high concentrations . A mutation in ABO8... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"plant",
"science",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"developmental",
"biology"
] | 2014 | ABA-Mediated ROS in Mitochondria Regulate Root Meristem Activity by Controlling PLETHORA Expression in Arabidopsis |
Gene conversion , the non-reciprocal exchange of genetic information , is one of the potential products of meiotic recombination . It can shape genome structure by acting on repetitive DNA elements , influence allele frequencies at the population level , and is known to be implicated in human disease . But gene convers... | During the production of gametes , most sexually reproducing organisms undergo meiotic recombination . The most familiar form of meiotic recombination is crossing-over , which results in the reciprocal exchange of DNA between parental chromosomes and is important for chromosome segregation as well as generating new all... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"model",
"organisms",
"plant",
"and",
"algal",
"models",
"chromosomal",
"inheritance",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"heredity",
"plant",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"linkage",
"(genetics)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"arabidopsis",
"thaliana"
] | 2012 | Deep Genome-Wide Measurement of Meiotic Gene Conversion Using Tetrad Analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Despite several studies on the seroprevalence of antibodies against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus ( CCHFV ) from humans and cattle in Nigeria , detailed investigation looking at IgG and IgM have not been reported . Additionally , there have been no confirmed cases of human CCHFV infection reported from Nigeria... | Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever ( CCHF ) is an acute tick-borne zoonotic disease . The causative agent , CCHF virus ( CCHFV ) , has the most extensive geographical distribution of the medically important tick-borne viral diseases with a distribution over much of Asia , the Middle East , Africa and expanding areas of s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"crimean-congo",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"rna",
"extraction",
"... | 2016 | Serological and Virological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus Circulation in the Human Population of Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria |
Intragenic microRNAs ( miRNAs ) , located mostly in the introns of protein-coding genes , are often co-expressed with their host mRNAs . However , their functional interaction in development is largely unknown . Here we show that in Drosophila , miR-92a and miR-92b are embedded in the intron and 3’UTR of jigr1 , respec... | Animal development is regulated by many genes including a class of small RNAs called microRNAs ( miRNAs ) . Nearly half of the miRNAs are located in the protein coding genes but functional importance of this genomic organization is unclear . Here we use Drosophila stem cells in the brain as a model system to investigat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Downregulation of the Host Gene jigr1 by miR-92 Is Essential for Neuroblast Self-Renewal in Drosophila |
The pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is linked to the variant surface antigen PfEMP1 , which mediates tethering of infected erythrocytes to the host endothelium and is encoded by approximately 60 var genes per parasite genome . Repeated episodes of malaria infection result in the gradual acquisition of pro... | Parasites of the species Plasmodium falciparum are responsible for the most severe form of malaria , particularly affecting children under the age of five years , and escape from the human immune response by antigenic variation . This is achieved by alteration of the host cell surface exposed protein PfEMP1 , which tet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"immune",
"physiology",
"parasite",
"replication",
"plasmodium",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"parasitemia",
"apicomplexa",
"protozoan... | 2019 | Controlled human malaria infection with Plasmodium falciparum demonstrates impact of naturally acquired immunity on virulence gene expression |
Several angiostrongyliasis outbreaks have been reported in recent years but the disease continues to be neglected in public health circles . We describe an outbreak in Dali , southwest China in order to highlight some key problems for the control of this helminth infection . All available medical records of suspected a... | Angiostrongyliasis , caused by the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis , is a potentially fatal food-borne disease . It is endemic in parts of Southeast Asia , the Pacific Islands , Australia , and the Caribbean . Outbreaks have become increasingly common in China due to the spread of efficient intermediate host s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections"
] | 2009 | Human Angiostrongyliasis Outbreak in Dali, China |
Aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector of arboviruses , including dengue , chikungunya and Zika . In 2005 , Ae . aegypti was identified for the first time in Madeira Island . Despite an initial insecticide-based vector control program , the species expanded throughout the Southern coast of the island , suggesting the... | Aedes aegypti is the major mosquito vector of dengue , chikungunya and Zika worldwide . After its introduction in Madeira , it took a few years for the first dengue outbreak to occur in the region . Control strategies rely mostly on the use of insecticides but their efficiency is often being hampered by the ability of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"death",
"rates",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"demography",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"toxicology",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"insect",
"vectors",
"research",
"a... | 2017 | Insecticide resistance is mediated by multiple mechanisms in recently introduced Aedes aegypti from Madeira Island (Portugal) |
During the past 20 years , enormous efforts have been expended globally to eliminate lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) through mass drug administration ( MDA ) . However , small endemic foci ( microfoci ) of LF may threaten the presumed inevitable decline of infections after MDA cessation . We conducted microsimulation model... | Accurately tracking the success of elimination programs becomes increasingly difficult as elimination nears . For some diseases , such as lymphatic filariasis , this is compounded by the absence of symptoms during the infectious period as well as the natural and unevenly-distributed presence of small residual foci of i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"radii",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"geometry",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"age",
"groups",
"adults",
"mathematics",
"filariasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
... | 2017 | Detecting infection hotspots: Modeling the surveillance challenge for elimination of lymphatic filariasis |
Herein , we describe a novel infection model that achieves highly efficient infection of primary keratinocytes with human papillomavirus type 16 ( HPV16 ) . This cell culture model does not depend on immortalization and is amenable to extensive genetic analyses . In monolayer cell culture , the early but not late promo... | Current cell culture models for the study of the human papillomavirus ( HPV ) life cycle depend on immortalized keratinocytes harboring episomal HPV genomes . However , the requirement for immortalization restricts the study to only a few HPV types and does not allow investigating immediate early events of the viral li... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"urology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"keratinocytes",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"viruses",
"developmental",
"biology",
"dna",
"viruses",... | 2018 | A new cell culture model to genetically dissect the complete human papillomavirus life cycle |
Mitochondrial shape is determined by fission and fusion reactions catalyzed by large GTPases of the dynamin family , mutation of which can cause neurological dysfunction . While fission-inducing protein phosphatases have been identified , the identity of opposing kinase signaling complexes has remained elusive . We rep... | Mitochondria , the cellular powerhouse , are highly dynamic organelles shaped by opposing fission and fusion events . Research over the past decade has identified many components of the mitochondrial fission/fusion machinery and led to the discovery that mutations in genes coding for these proteins can cause human neur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/neuronal",
"and",
"glial",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"cell",
"biology/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"and",
"glia... | 2011 | Mechanism of Neuroprotective Mitochondrial Remodeling by
PKA/AKAP1 |
Suppression of HIV replication by antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) or host immunity can prevent AIDS but not other HIV-associated conditions including neurocognitive impairment ( HIV-NCI ) . Pathogenesis in HIV-suppressed individuals has been attributed to reservoirs of latent-inducible virus in resting CD4+ T cells . Ma... | Antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) transformed HIV infection from a death sentence to a chronic , largely manageable condition , with near preservation of immune systems and extended life expectancies in infected people . Despite effective ART , roughly half of HIV-infected people suffer problems in learning and memory tha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cognitive",
"neurology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"spleen",
"pathogens",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"neuroscience",
"re... | 2018 | EcoHIV infection of mice establishes latent viral reservoirs in T cells and active viral reservoirs in macrophages that are sufficient for induction of neurocognitive impairment |
Sickle cell disease ( SCD ) is a highly complex genetic blood disorder in which red blood cells ( RBC ) exhibit heterogeneous morphology changes and decreased deformability . We employ a kinetic model for cell morphological sickling that invokes parameters derived from patient-specific data . This model is used to inve... | Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disease that causes vaso-occlusive pain crises . Here , we investigate the individual sickle cell behavior under controlled hypoxic conditions through patient-specific predictive computational simulations that are informed by companion microfluidic experiments . We identify the di... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"classical",
"mechanics",
"fluid",
"mechanics",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"oxygen",
"hypoxia",
"hemoglobin",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"microfluidics",
"fluidics",
"proteins",
"chemistry",
"fluid",
"dynamics",
"cell",
"membranes",
"continuum... | 2017 | Patient-specific modeling of individual sickle cell behavior under transient hypoxia |
Retroviruses by definition insert their viral genome into the host cell chromosome . Although the key player of retroviral integration is viral integrase , a role for cellular cofactors has been proposed . Lentiviral integrases use the cellular protein LEDGF/p75 to tether the preintegration complex to the chromosome , ... | Viruses have a limited genome and therefore exploit the cellular machinery of infected host cells to complete the replication cycle . Today there is a growing interest to unravel these virus–host interactions . Lentiviral integrases use the cellular protein LEDGF/p75 to tether the preintegration complex to the chromoso... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"viruses",
"virology"
] | 2007 | Virus Evolution Reveals an Exclusive Role for LEDGF/p75 in Chromosomal Tethering of HIV |
Heterochromatin Protein 1 ( HP1a ) is a well-known conserved protein involved in heterochromatin formation and gene silencing in different species including humans . A general model has been proposed for heterochromatin formation and epigenetic gene silencing in different species that implies an essential role for HP1a... | Heterochromatin Protein 1 ( HP1a ) is a very well known prototype protein of a general model for heterochromatin formation and epigenetic gene silencing in different species including humans . Here , we report our experiments showing that HP1a is also required for the positive regulation of more than one hundred euchro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1a) Positively Regulates Euchromatic Gene Expression through RNA Transcript Association and Interaction with hnRNPs in Drosophila |
Long-term depression ( LTD ) is a long-lasting activity-dependent decrease in synaptic strength . NMDA receptor ( NMDAR ) –dependent LTD , an extensively studied form of LTD , involves the endocytosis of AMPA receptors ( AMPARs ) via protein dephosphorylation , but the underlying mechanism has remained unclear . We sho... | Neurons adapt over time in order to dampen their response to prolonged or particularly strong stimuli . This process , termed long-term depression ( LTD ) , results in a long-lasting decrease in the efficiency of synaptic transmission . One extensively studied form of LTD requires the activation of a specific class of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"signaling",
"mechanisms",
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"and",
"glial",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2009 | Regulated RalBP1 Binding to RalA and PSD-95 Controls AMPA Receptor Endocytosis and LTD |
One of the hallmarks of bacterial endospore formation is the accumulation of high concentrations of pyridine-2 , 6-dicarboxylic acid ( dipicolinic acid or DPA ) in the developing spore . This small molecule comprises 5–15% of the dry weight of dormant spores and plays a central role in resistance to both wet heat and d... | All pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria that differentiate into dormant endospores including Clostridium difficile , Bacillus anthracis , and Bacillus subtilis , contain very high concentrations of the small molecule dipicolinic acid ( DPA ) . This molecule displaces water in the spore core where it plays an integra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"glycosylamines",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"sporulation",
"membrane",
"pr... | 2017 | A two-step transport pathway allows the mother cell to nurture the developing spore in Bacillus subtilis |
Humans and other animals are able to discover underlying statistical structure in their environments and exploit it to achieve efficient and effective performance . However , such structure is often difficult to learn and use because it is obscure , involving long-range temporal dependencies . Here , we analysed behavi... | Humans and other animals possess the remarkable ability to find and exploit patterns and structures in their experience of a complex and varied world . However , such structures are often temporally extended and latent or hidden , being only partially correlated with immediate observations of the world . This makes it ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"learning",
"markov",
"models",
"binomials",
"social",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"animals",
"mammals",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"animal",
"models",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"model",
"organisms",
"cognitive",
"psy... | 2019 | Learning to use past evidence in a sophisticated world model |
Trypanosoma cruzi has been classified into six Discrete Typing Units ( DTUs ) , designated as TcI–TcVI . In order to effectively use this standardized nomenclature , a reproducible genotyping strategy is imperative . Several typing schemes have been developed with variable levels of complexity , selectivity and analyti... | Chagas disease , caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi , represents a health and social threat to an estimated number of eight million people , affecting mainly neglected populations in endemic areas and emerging in non endemic countries by migratory movements . Parasite genetic diversity is related to geographical... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay Using TaqMan Probes for the Identification of Trypanosoma cruzi DTUs in Biological and Clinical Samples |
Zika virus ( ZIKV ) infection recently caused major epidemics in the Americas and is linked to congenital birth defects and Guillain-Barré Syndrome . A pilot study of ZIKV infection in Nicaraguan households was conducted from August 31 to October 21 , 2016 , in Managua , Nicaragua . We enrolled 33 laboratory-confirmed ... | Zika virus ( ZIKV ) infection has become a major concern due to its association with congenital birth defects and Guillain-Barré Syndrome . We enrolled 33 laboratory-confirmed Zika cases ( index cases ) and their household members ( 109 contacts ) in Managua , Nicaragua , and followed them for three weeks , collecting ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"rna",
"extraction",
"saliva",
"alphaviruses",
"viruses",
"urine",
"north",
"america",
"nica... | 2018 | Zika virus infection in Nicaraguan households |
De novo experimental drug discovery is an expensive and time-consuming task . It requires the identification of drug-target interactions ( DTIs ) towards targets of biological interest , either to inhibit or enhance a specific molecular function . Dedicated computational models for protein simulation and DTI prediction... | The emergence of multi-resistant bacterial strains and the existing void in the discovery and development of new classes of antibiotics is a growing concern . Indeed , some bacterial strains are now resistant to last-line antibiotics and considered untreatable . Drug repositioning has been suggested as a strategy to mi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"methicillin-resistant",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"antibacterials",
"netwo... | 2016 | Computational Discovery of Putative Leads for Drug Repositioning through Drug-Target Interaction Prediction |
Cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) is an important neglected zoonotic parasitic infection belonging to the subgroup of seven Neglected Zoonotic Disease ( NZDs ) included in the World Health Organization’s official list of 18 Neglected Tropical Diseases ( NTDs ) . CE causes serious global human health concerns and leads to si... | CE is a neglected tropical disease that remains a considerable health problem in endemic regions and which leads to substantial economic losses for agriculture sectors and public health systems . The parasitic cycle requires a definitive host ( canidae ) and an intermediate host ( livestock species ) , while humans are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"italian",
"people",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"health",
"care",
"ethnicities",
"neglected",
"tropi... | 2017 | The disease burden of human cystic echinococcosis based on HDRs from 2001 to 2014 in Italy |
The Rickettsia genus is a group of obligate intracellular α-proteobacteria representing a paradigm of reductive evolution . Here , we investigate the evolutionary processes that shaped the genomes of the genus . The reconstruction of ancestral genomes indicates that their last common ancestor contained more genes , but... | Genome downsizing and fast sequence divergence are frequently observed in bacteria living exclusively within the cells of higher eukaryotes . However , the driving forces and contributions of these processes to the genome diversity of the microorganisms remain poorly understood . The genus Rickettsia , a group of small... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"eubacteria",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Reductive Genome Evolution from the Mother of Rickettsia |
Meiotic recombination is essential for the repair of programmed double strand breaks ( DSBs ) to generate crossovers ( COs ) during meiosis . The efficient processing of meiotic recombination intermediates not only needs various resolvases but also requires proper meiotic chromosome structure . The Smc5/6 complex belon... | Meiosis is a special form of cell division needed for the formation of haploid gametes . During meiosis , DNA double-strand breaks are enzymatically induced and then repaired by the meiotic recombination pathway . Meiotic recombination is essential for genetic diversity and for accurate segregation of chromosomes durin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"invertebrates",
"caenorhabditis",
"enzymes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"dna",
"epigenetics",
"chromatin",
"homologous",
"re... | 2016 | The SMC-5/6 Complex and the HIM-6 (BLM) Helicase Synergistically Promote Meiotic Recombination Intermediate Processing and Chromosome Maturation during Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis |
The intestinal microbiota influences the development and function of myeloid lineages such as neutrophils , but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unresolved . Using gnotobiotic zebrafish , we identified the immune effector Serum amyloid A ( Saa ) as one of the most highly induced transcripts in digestive tissues ... | The intestine is colonized by complex microbial communities called the microbiota , which impacts diverse aspects of host physiology including development and function of the innate immune system . Neutrophils are phagocytic innate immune cells essential for host defense against infection . Neutrophil activity is stron... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"immune",
"cells",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"animal",
"models",
"ostei... | 2019 | Intestinal Serum amyloid A suppresses systemic neutrophil activation and bactericidal activity in response to microbiota colonization |
Reactivation of human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) can cause severe disease in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . Although preclinical research in murine models as well as clinical trials have provided 'proof of concept' for infection control by pre-emptive CD8 T-cell immunotherapy , there exists no pr... | Pre-emptive CD8 T-cell therapy of human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) disease in immunocompromised recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation gave promising results in clinical trials , but limited efficacy and the need of HCMV-seropositive memory cell donors has so far prevented adoptive cell transfer from becom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Evaluating Human T-Cell Therapy of Cytomegalovirus Organ Disease in HLA-Transgenic Mice |
Micro-algae of the genus Ostreococcus and related species of the order Mamiellales are globally distributed in the photic zone of world's oceans where they contribute to fixation of atmospheric carbon and production of oxygen , besides providing a primary source of nutrition in the food web . Their tiny size , simple c... | We propose that chromosome 19 of O . tauri is specialized in defence against viral attack , a constant threat for all planktonic life , and that the most likely cause of resistance is the over-expression of numerous predicted glycosyltransferase genes . O . tauri thus provides an amenable model for molecular analysis o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"chromosome",
"19",
"genome",
"evolution",
"gene",
"regulation",
"microbiology",
"dna",
"transcription",
"microbial",
"genetics",
"microbial",
"genomics",
"viral",
"genomics",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"molecular",
"evolution",
"chromosome",
"pairs",
... | 2016 | A Viral Immunity Chromosome in the Marine Picoeukaryote, Ostreococcus tauri |
Complex traits typically involve the contribution of multiple gene variants . In this study , we took advantage of a high-density genotyping analysis of the BY ( S288c ) and RM strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and of 123 derived spore progeny to identify the genetic loci that underlie a complex DNA repair sensitivit... | Complex traits often display a range of phenotypes due to the contribution of multiple gene variants . Advances in statistical models , genetic mapping , and DNA genotyping and sequencing have made baker's yeast an excellent system to identify quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) , regions of the genome linked to a quantita... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
... | 2008 | Identification and Dissection of a Complex DNA Repair Sensitivity Phenotype in Baker's Yeast |
The HET-s protein from the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina is a prion involved in a cell death reaction termed heterokaryon incompatibility . This reaction is observed at the point of contact between two genetically distinct strains when one harbors a HET-s prion ( in the form of amyloid aggregates ) and the othe... | Filamentous fungi have the potential for genetically distinct individuals to fuse , resulting in a cell with multiple nuclei known as a heterokaryon . This fusion event is controlled by genetic variants that determine the compatibility of the individuals , such that the fusion of incompatible genotypes triggers a cell ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"transmembrane",
"proteins",
"proteins",
"protein",
"folding",
"protein",
"structure",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"prion"... | 2012 | The Mechanism of Toxicity in HET-S/HET-s Prion Incompatibility |
Cellular functions and responses to stimuli are controlled by complex regulatory networks that comprise a large diversity of molecular components and their interactions . However , achieving an intuitive understanding of the dynamical properties and responses to stimuli of these networks is hampered by their large scal... | Cellular responses to stimuli are controlled by complex regulatory networks that comprise many molecular components . Understanding such networks is critical for understanding normal cellular functions and pathological conditions . Because the complexity of these networks often precludes intuitive insights , a useful a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"medicine",
"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Computational Analyses of Synergism in Small Molecular Network Motifs |
Recombination establishes the chiasmata that physically link pairs of homologous chromosomes in meiosis , ensuring their balanced segregation at the first meiotic division and generating genetic variation . The visible manifestation of genetic crossing-overs , chiasmata are the result of an intricate and tightly regula... | Recombination ensures coordinated disjunction of pairs of homologous chromosomes and generates genetic exchanges in meiosis and , with some exceptions , involves the co-operation of the RAD51 and DMC1 strand-exchange proteins . We describe here a RAD51-GFP fusion protein that has lost its DNA break repair capacity but ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"And",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Meiotic Recombination in Arabidopsis Is Catalysed by DMC1, with RAD51 Playing a Supporting Role |
Large-scale analyses of protein complexes have recently become available for Escherichia coli and Mycoplasma pneumoniae , yielding 443 and 116 heteromultimeric soluble protein complexes , respectively . We have coupled the results of these mass spectrometry-characterized protein complexes with the 285 “gold standard” p... | Though more than 20 , 000 binary protein-protein interactions have been published for a few well-studied bacterial species , the results rarely capture the full extent to which proteins take part in complexes . Here , we use experimentally-observed protein complexes from E . coli or Mycoplasma pneumoniae , as well as g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Protein Complexes in Bacteria |
Recent publications have described and applied a novel metric that quantifies the genetic distance of an individual with respect to two population samples , and have suggested that the metric makes it possible to infer the presence of an individual of known genotype in a sample for which only the marginal allele freque... | In this report , we evaluate a recently-published method for resolving whether individuals are present in a complex genomic DNA mixture . Based on the intuition that an individual will be genetically “closer” to a sample containing him than to a sample not , the method investigated here uses a distance metric to quanti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"computational",
"biology/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatics"
] | 2009 | Needles in the Haystack: Identifying Individuals Present in Pooled
Genomic Data |
Replication of positive-strand RNA viruses [ ( + ) RNA viruses] takes place in membrane-bound viral replication complexes ( VRCs ) . Formation of VRCs requires virus-mediated manipulation of cellular lipid synthesis . Here , we report significantly enhanced brome mosaic virus ( BMV ) replication and much improved cell ... | Phosphatidate ( PA ) plays crucial roles in lipid metabolism because it is the shared precursor for major membrane component phospholipids and for storage lipid triacylglycerols ( TAGs ) . Phosphatidate phosphatase ( PAP ) is involved in converting PA to TAG via diacylglycerol and directs the lipid flux from membrane s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"microbiology",
"vector",
"construction",
"fungi",
"dna",
"construction",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cell",
"nucleus",
"rna",
"synthesis",
"plants",
"flowering",
"plants",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"chemic... | 2018 | Host Pah1p phosphatidate phosphatase limits viral replication by regulating phospholipid synthesis |
Aggregates of misfolded proteins are a hallmark of many age-related diseases . Recently , they have been linked to aging of Escherichia coli ( E . coli ) where protein aggregates accumulate at the old pole region of the aging bacterium . Because of the potential of E . coli as a model organism , elucidating aging and p... | Localization of proteins to specific positions inside bacteria is crucial to several physiological processes , including chromosome organization , chemotaxis or cell division . Since bacterial cells do not possess internal sub-compartments ( e . g . , cell organelles ) nor vesicle-based sorting systems , protein locali... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"microbial",
"physiology",
"proteins",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"chaperone",
"proteins",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"biophysics",
"simulations",
"biophysics"
] | 2013 | Localization of Protein Aggregation in Escherichia coli Is Governed by Diffusion and Nucleoid Macromolecular Crowding Effect |
As a result of sex chromosome differentiation from ancestral autosomes , male mammalian cells only contain one X chromosome . It has long been hypothesized that X-linked gene expression levels have become doubled in males to restore the original transcriptional output , and that the resulting X overexpression in female... | Mammalian sex chromosomes ( the X and Y ) evolved from an ordinary pair of ancestral somatic chromosomes ( the proto-sex chromosomes ) . The process that led to emergence of distinct sex chromosomes involved the degeneration of the Y chromosome , leaving males with only one copy of most proto-sex chromosomal genes on t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Mechanisms and Evolutionary Patterns of Mammalian and Avian Dosage Compensation |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.