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Metformin ( Met ) is an anti-hyperglycemic and potential anti-cancer agent which may exert its anti-proliferative effects via the induction of energetic stress . In this study we investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Met against the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus . Metformin showed significant dose... | Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis of public health concern and economic significance caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus . Chemotherapy treatment for this disease has had limited effectiveness thus far , which is why it is a dire need to find new drugs for its tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cystic",
"echinococcosis",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"fibrosis",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"echinococcus",
"developmental",
"biology",
"pharmaceutics",
"microscopy",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"di... | 2017 | Metformin exhibits preventive and therapeutic efficacy against experimental cystic echinococcosis |
Primates display a remarkable ability to adapt to novel situations . Determining what is most pertinent in these situations is not always possible based only on the current sensory inputs , and often also depends on recent inputs and behavioral outputs that contribute to internal states . Thus , one can ask how cortica... | One of the most noteworthy properties of primate behavior is its diversity and adaptability . Human and non-human primates can learn an astonishing variety of novel behaviors that could not have been directly anticipated by evolution . How then can the nervous system be prewired to anticipate the ability to represent s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
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"learning",
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"prefrontal",
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"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"animals",
"mammals",
"primates",
"cognitive",
"psychology... | 2016 | Reservoir Computing Properties of Neural Dynamics in Prefrontal Cortex |
Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan infection caused by an intracellular obligatory protozoan , Toxoplasma gondii . Infection to this parasite in immunocompetent patients is usually asymptomatic , but today it is believed that the infection can be a risk factor for a variety of diseases , including rheumatoid arthritis ( R... | Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular obligatory protozoan , which causes toxoplasmosis . T . gondii infection in immunocompetent individuals is mostly asymptomatic , but it may be reactivated as a result of immune disorders inducing serious complications . Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , as a complex autoimmune disease ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"rheumatology",
"medicine",
"and",
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"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"toxoplasma",
"gondii",
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"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"rheumatoid",
"arthritis",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"protozoans",
"mathematics",
"toxoplasma",
... | 2018 | Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
Protein evolution is most commonly studied by analyzing related protein sequences and generating ancestral sequences through Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods , and/or by resurrecting ancestral proteins in the lab and performing ligand binding studies to determine function . Structural and dynamic evolution have ... | Proteins are remarkable machines of the living systems that show diverse biochemical functions . Biochemical diversity has grown over time via molecular evolution . In order to understand how diversity arose , it is fundamental to understand how the earliest proteins evolved and served as templates for the present dive... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physics",
"biology",
"biophysics"
] | 2012 | Collective Dynamics Differentiates Functional Divergence in Protein Evolution |
Absence epilepsy ( AE ) is a common type of genetic generalized epilepsy ( GGE ) , particularly in children . AE and GGE are complex genetic diseases with few causal variants identified to date . Gria4 deficient mice provide a model of AE , one for which the common laboratory inbred strain C3H/HeJ ( HeJ ) harbors a nat... | Absence seizures - also known as “petit-mal” - define a common form of epilepsy most prevalent in children , but also seen at other ages , and in related diseases such as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy . Absence seizures cause brief periods of unconsciousness , and are accompanied by characteristic abnormal brain waves ca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"genetics",
"genetic",
"disorders",
"retrotransposons",
"neurophysiology",
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"genetic",
"elements",
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"elements",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"mobile",
"genetic",
"elements",
"mam... | 2014 | Unraveling Genetic Modifiers in the Gria4 Mouse Model of Absence Epilepsy |
Natural killer ( NK ) cells play an important role in the detection and elimination of tumors and virus-infected cells by the innate immune system . Human NK cells use cell surface receptors ( KIR ) for class I MHC to sense alterations of class I on potential target cells . Individual NK cells only express a subset of ... | Natural killer ( NK ) cells represent a specialized blood cell that plays an important role in the detection of virus-infected or cancer cells . NK cells recognize and kill diseased cells using receptors for self antigens ( HLA ) that are frequently altered on aberrant cells . The HLA receptors are known as Killer cell... | [
"Abstract",
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"gene",
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"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2008 | Genetic Control of Variegated KIR Gene Expression: Polymorphisms of the Bi-Directional KIR3DL1 Promoter Are Associated with Distinct Frequencies of Gene Expression |
Plants have evolved strong innate immunity mechanisms , but successful pathogens evade or suppress plant immunity via effectors delivered into the plant cell . Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis ( Hpa ) causes downy mildew on Arabidopsis thaliana , and a genome sequence is available for isolate Emoy2 . Here , we exploit th... | A comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen interactions requires knowledge of the dynamics of gene expression changes in both the host and the pathogen during a time course of infection . However , expression profiling has often focused on either the host or the pathogen due to limitations of methods that involve m... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
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] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"plant",
"science"
] | 2014 | Expression Profiling during Arabidopsis/Downy Mildew Interaction Reveals a Highly-Expressed Effector That Attenuates Responses to Salicylic Acid |
African trypanosomes undergo a complex developmental process in their tsetse fly vector before transmission back to a vertebrate host . Typically , 90% of fly infections fail , most during initial establishment of the parasite in the fly midgut . The specific mechanism ( s ) underpinning this failure are unknown . We h... | In Africa , tsetse flies transmit the trypanosomes causing the devastating diseases sleeping sickness in man and nagana in domesticated animals . These diseases are major causes of underdevelopment in Africa . Paradoxically , most , but not all , flies are resistant to infection with trypanosomes , but we do not have a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | Tsetse EP Protein Protects the Fly Midgut from Trypanosome Establishment |
Horizontal Gene Transfer was long thought to be marginal in Mycoplasma a large group of wall-less bacteria often portrayed as minimal cells because of their reduced genomes ( ca . 0 . 5 to 2 . 0 Mb ) and their limited metabolic pathways . This view was recently challenged by the discovery of conjugative exchanges of la... | Genome downsizing is often viewed as a degenerative process of evolution . Such erosion has left current mycoplasmas with a minimal genome: for some species its size barely exceeds the amount of information needed for sustaining autonomous life . Despite such limitations , these simple bacteria showcase a baffling capa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
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"and",
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"horizontal",
"gene",
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"techniques",
"bacteria",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"genome",
"complexity",
"mycology",
"mollicutes",
"com... | 2019 | Mycoplasmas under experimental antimicrobial selection: The unpredicted contribution of horizontal chromosomal transfer |
Cells transition from spread to rounded morphologies in diverse physiological contexts including mitosis and mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transitions . When these drastic shape changes occur rapidly , cell volume and surface area are approximately conserved . Consequently , the rounded cells are suddenly presented with a se... | Individual cells must have the capability for rapid morphological transformations under various physiological conditions . One of the most drastic shape transformations occurs during the transition from spread to rounded morphologies . When this transition occurs rapidly , there is insufficient time for significant cha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"crystallization",
"techniques",
"perimeters",
"biological",
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"interface",
"diffusion",
"mathematics",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"thermodynamics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"separation",
"processes",
"cho"... | 2016 | Modeling the Excess Cell Surface Stored in a Complex Morphology of Bleb-Like Protrusions |
The apicomplexan moving junction ( MJ ) is a highly conserved structure formed during host cell entry that anchors the invading parasite to the host cell and serves as a molecular sieve of host membrane proteins that protects the parasitophorous vacuole from host lysosomal destruction . While recent work in Toxoplasma ... | Apicomplexan parasites actively invade host cells to survive , with an important step being the formation of a tight interface between parasite and host cell membranes called the moving junction ( MJ ) . Passing over the length of the invading parasite , the MJ anchors the pathogen to enable propulsion into a parasitop... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
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"and",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"microbiology",
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"parasitology",
"parastic",
"protozoans",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"pathog... | 2011 | The Moving Junction Protein RON8 Facilitates Firm Attachment and Host Cell Invasion in Toxoplasma gondii |
The considerable uncertainty regarding cancer risks associated with inherited mutations of BRCA2 is due to unknown factors . To investigate whether common genetic variants modify penetrance for BRCA2 mutation carriers , we undertook a two-staged genome-wide association study in BRCA2 mutation carriers . In stage 1 usin... | The risk of breast cancer associated with BRCA2 mutations varies widely . To determine whether common genetic variants modify the penetrance of BRCA2 mutations , we conducted the first genome-wide association study of breast cancer among women with BRCA2 mutations using a two-stage approach . The major finding of the s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
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"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"geno... | 2010 | Common Genetic Variants and Modification of Penetrance of BRCA2-Associated Breast Cancer |
The mission of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements ( ENCODE ) Project is to enable the scientific and medical communities to interpret the human genome sequence and apply it to understand human biology and improve health . The ENCODE Consortium is integrating multiple technologies and approaches in a collective effort to ... | The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements ( ENCODE ) Project was created to enable the scientific and medical communities to interpret the human genome sequence and to use it to understand human biology and improve health . The ENCODE Consortium , a large group of scientists from around the world , uses a variety of experimenta... | [
"Abstract",
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"genomics",
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"computational",
"biology",
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"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | A User's Guide to the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) |
Mayaro virus ( MAYV ) is an arbovirus that circulates in Latin America and is emerging as a potential threat to public health . Infected individuals develop Mayaro fever , a severe inflammatory disease characterized by high fever , rash , arthralgia , myalgia and headache . The disease is often associated with a prolon... | Viruses transmitted by mosquitoes have recently received huge attention from the media because the epidemics caused by Zika and chikungunya virus rapidly spread to new areas and infected a large number of individuals . Mayaro is a virus transmitted by mosquitoes that circulates in the Caribbean and tropical regions of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
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"blood",
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"infection",
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"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",... | 2019 | The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved with the pathogenesis of Mayaro virus |
Subnuclear promyelocytic leukemia ( PML ) nuclear bodies ( NBs ) are targeted by many DNA viruses after nuclear delivery . PML protein is essential for formation of PML NBs . Sp100 and Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier ( SUMO ) are also permanently residing within PML NBs . Often , large DNA viruses disassemble and reorgan... | Promyelocytic leukemia ( PML ) nuclear bodies ( NBs ) are often targeted and reorganized by DNA viruses to counteract their antiviral activity . Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) also associates with PML NBs after infectious entry . While PML protein is required for nuclear retention and efficient transcription of incoming ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
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"and",
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] | [
"urology",
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"processes",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"mitosis",
"viral",
"genome",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
"cell",
"enumera... | 2019 | PML nuclear body-residing proteins sequentially associate with HPV genome after infectious nuclear delivery |
The human specific poxvirus molluscum contagiosum virus ( MCV ) produces skin lesions that can persist with minimal inflammation , suggesting that the virus has developed robust immune evasion strategies . However , investigations into the underlying mechanisms of MCV pathogenesis have been hindered by the lack of a mo... | The presentation of antigenic peptides by classical MHC-I to cytotoxic T-cells is a cornerstone of antiviral immunity . As such , viruses have devised a plethora of strategies to target MHC-I or cellular components involved in MHC-I antigen presentation in order to block effective T-cell surveillance . Molluscum contag... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"flow",
"cytometry",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"antigen",
"presentation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"293t",
"cells",
"immunology",
"biological",
"cultures",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"immunoprecipitation",
"genome",
"analysis",
"cellular",
"structures",
... | 2019 | Molluscum contagiosum virus MC80 sabotages MHC-I antigen presentation by targeting tapasin for ER-associated degradation |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( LCMV ) causes a variety of diseases , including asymptomatic infections , meningitis , and congenital infections in the fetus of infected mother . The development of a safe and effective vaccine against LCMV is imperative . This study aims to develop a new candidate vaccine against ... | Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( LCMV ) causes infections that are often asymptomatic but can be fatal in immunocompromized persons . In addition , LCMV infection during pregnancy can cause spontaneous abortion or severe birth defects . Humans are exposed to LCMV by direct or indirect contact with wild or pet roden... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
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"and",
"methods",
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] | [
"blood",
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"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"cell-mediated",
"immunity",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"preventive",
"med... | 2018 | Replication-incompetent rabies virus vector harboring glycoprotein gene of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) protects mice from LCMV challenge |
Helminth infections are known to influence T cell responses in latent tuberculosis ( LTBI ) . Whether helminth infections also modulate B cell responses in helminth-tuberculosis co-infection is not known . We assessed Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) –antigen specific IgM and IgG levels , circulating levels of the B ... | Helminth infections and tuberculosis are two of the major health care problems worldwide and share a great deal of geographical overlap . Moreover , helminth infections are known to induce immune responses that are antagonistic to the protective immune responses elicited by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Having previousl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
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] | [
"blood",
"cells",
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"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"tropical",
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"diseases",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"memory",
"b",
"cells",
"antibodies",
"bacteria",
"immune",
"system",
"protein... | 2017 | Modulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific humoral immune responses is associated with Strongyloides stercoralis co-infection |
The prevalence of obesity ( body mass index ( BMI ) ≥30 kg/m2 ) is higher in African Americans than in European Americans , even after adjustment for socioeconomic factors , suggesting that genetic factors may explain some of the difference . To identify genetic loci influencing BMI , we carried out a pooled analysis o... | Obesity is about 1 . 5-fold more prevalent in African Americans than European Americans . To determine whether genetic background may contribute to this observed disparity , we scanned the genomes of African Americans , searching for genomic regions where obese individuals have a difference from the average proportion ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/obesity",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/population",
"genetics"
] | 2009 | Admixture Mapping of 15,280 African Americans Identifies Obesity Susceptibility Loci on Chromosomes 5 and X |
G-quadruplexes are non-canonical nucleic-acid structures that control transcription , replication , and recombination in organisms . G-quadruplexes are present in eukaryotes , prokaryotes , and viruses . In the latter , mounting evidence indicates their key biological activity . Since data on viruses are scattered , we... | G-quadruplexes are nucleic acid non-canonical structures that have been implicated in the regulation of different biological processes of many organisms . Their presence has been demonstrated also in several viral pathogens , providing new insights into viruses’ biology and potentially serving as drug targets . Althoug... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
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] | [
"medicine",
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"multiple",
"alignment",
"calculation",
"genomic",
"databases",
"rna",
"viruses",
"viral",
"genome",
"dna",
"v... | 2018 | G-quadruplex forming sequences in the genome of all known human viruses: A comprehensive guide |
Colonies of bacterial cells can display complex collective dynamics , frequently culminating in the formation of biofilms and other ordered super-structures . Recent studies suggest that to cope with local environmental challenges , bacterial cells can actively seek out small chambers or cavities and assemble there , e... | Bacterial cells form colonies with complex organization ( aka biofilms ) , particularly in response to hostile environmental conditions . Recent studies have shown that biofilm development occurs when bacterial cells seek out small cavities and populate them at high densities . However , bacteria in cavities may suffer... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"physics",
"developmental",
"biology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"cell",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"biophysics"
] | 2007 | Self-Organization in High-Density Bacterial Colonies: Efficient Crowd Control |
The Ebola virus causes an acute , serious illness which is often fatal if untreated . However , factors affecting the survival of the disease remain unclear . Here , we investigated the prognostic factors of Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) through various statistical models . Sixty three laboratory-confirmed EVD patients w... | The current outbreak of Ebola virus disease ( EVD ) in West Africa is the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the virus was first discovered in 1976 . Factors affecting the survival of the disease remain unclear . Here , we investigated the prognostic factors of EBV from 63 cases with relatively complete clin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Prognostic Analysis of Patients with Ebola Virus Disease |
The interplay between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex ( PFC ) is fundamental to spatial cognition . Complementing hippocampal place coding , prefrontal representations provide more abstract and hierarchically organized memories suitable for decision making . We model a prefrontal network mediating distributed informa... | We study spatial cognition , a high-level brain function based upon the ability to elaborate mental representations of the environment supporting goal-oriented navigation . Spatial cognition involves parallel information processing across a distributed network of interrelated brain regions . Depending on the complexity... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
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] | [
"circuit",
"models",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"cognition",
"computational",
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"decision",
"making",
"neural",
"networks",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory"
] | 2011 | Spatial Learning and Action Planning in a Prefrontal Cortical Network
Model |
The toxin components of toxin-antitoxin modules , found in bacterial plasmids , phages , and chromosomes , typically target a single macromolecule to interfere with an essential cellular process . An apparent exception is the chromosomally encoded toxin component of the E . coli CbtA/CbeA toxin-antitoxin module , which... | Bacterially encoded toxin-antitoxin systems , which consist of a small toxin protein that is co-produced with a neutralizing antitoxin , are a potential avenue for the identification of novel antibiotic targets . These toxins typically target essential cellular processes , causing growth arrest or cell death when unche... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"cell",
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"cell",
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"and",
"cell",
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"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
... | 2017 | CbtA toxin of Escherichia coli inhibits cell division and cell elongation via direct and independent interactions with FtsZ and MreB |
Whole-cell models that explicitly represent all cellular components at the molecular level have the potential to predict phenotype from genotype . However , even for simple bacteria , whole-cell models will contain thousands of parameters , many of which are poorly characterized or unknown . New algorithms are needed t... | Whole-cell models promise to enable rational bioengineering by predicting how cells behave . Even for simple bacteria , whole-cell models require thousands of parameters , many of which are poorly characterized or unknown . New approaches are needed to estimate these parameters . We organized the Dialogue for Reverse E... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Lessons",
"Learned"
] | [] | 2015 | Summary of the DREAM8 Parameter Estimation Challenge: Toward Parameter Identification for Whole-Cell Models |
Mucosal Th17 cells play an important role in maintaining gut epithelium integrity and thus prevent microbial translocation . Chronic HIV infection is characterized by mucosal Th17 cell depletion , microbial translocation and subsequent immune-activation , which remain elevated despite antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) cor... | Persistent systemic immune activation is a hallmark of chronic HIV infection and an independent predictor of disease progression . The underlying mechanism is not yet completely understood but thought to be associated with the loss of Th17 cells leading to the disruption of the mucosal barrier and subsequent microbial ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"white",
"blood",
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"immunity",
"cell",
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"hiv",
"immunopathogenesis",
"immunity",
"immune",
"activation",
"t",
"cells",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"... | 2014 | Initiation of ART during Early Acute HIV Infection Preserves Mucosal Th17 Function and Reverses HIV-Related Immune Activation |
Spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 ( SCA3 ) is among the most common dominantly inherited ataxias , and is one of nine devastating human neurodegenerative diseases caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat encoding glutamine within the gene . The polyglutamine domain confers toxicity on the protein Ataxin-3 leading to neurona... | Spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 is the most common dominantly inherited movement disorder and is caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the gene ATXN3 , encoding the Ataxin-3 protein . This leads to a protein with an expanded polyglutamine domain , which confers a dominant toxicity on the protein , leading to late onset... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
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"Methods",
"Supporting",
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] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"neurological",
"disorders",
"eukaryotes",
"drosophila",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"insects"
] | 2007 | Genome-Wide Screen for Modifiers of Ataxin-3 Neurodegeneration in Drosophila |
Trypanosoma cruzi , the aetiological agent of Chagas disease possess extensive genetic diversity . This has led to the development of a plethora of molecular typing methods for the identification of both the known major genetic lineages and for more fine scale characterization of different multilocus genotypes within t... | The single-celled parasite Trypanosoma cruzi occurs in mammals and insect vectors in the Americas . When transmitted to humans it causes Chagas disease ( American trypanosomiasis ) a major public health problem . T . cruzi is genetically diverse and currently split into six groups , known as TcI to TcVI . Multilocus se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chagas",
"disease",
"parasite",
"evolution",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"protozoan",
"infections",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology"
] | 2014 | Optimized Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Scheme for Trypanosoma cruzi |
Parasitic infections are prevalent among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa . We investigated whether prenatal exposure to malaria and/or helminths affects the pattern of infant immune responses to standard vaccinations against Haemophilus influenzae ( Hib ) , diphtheria ( DT ) , hepatitis B ( Hep B ) and tetanus tox... | Parasitic infections are prevalent among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa . Prenatal exposure to parasitic infections can generate several potential effects on fetal immune responses and affect functional antibody generation during subsequent vaccination . There is a paucity of data on the detrimental effects of ch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Effect of Antenatal Parasitic Infections on Anti-vaccine IgG Levels in Children: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in Kenya |
Meiotic recombination and chromosome synapsis between homologous chromosomes are essential for proper chromosome segregation at the first meiotic division . While recombination and synapsis , as well as checkpoints that monitor these two events , take place in the context of a prophase I-specific axial chromosome struc... | Meiosis is a specialized cell division to generate haploid sperm and eggs . For accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division , chromosome synapsis and recombination should be properly established between them during the prophase I stage . Chromosome synapsis and recombination proceed... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Phosphorylation of Chromosome Core Components May Serve as Axis Marks for the Status of Chromosomal Events during Mammalian Meiosis |
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola gigantica is a neglected tropical disease but a constraint on the growth and productivity of cattle , buffaloes and sheep in the tropical countries of Asia and Africa . Resistance to commonly used anthelmintics in Fasciola has increased the need to search for alternative therapeutic targe... | RNA interference ( RNAi ) is a powerful method for selectively silencing genes for the validation of potential targets for drug and vaccine development . The susceptibility of juvenile Fasciola hepatica to double stranded ( ds ) RNA induced RNAi has been established but in F . gigantica a single report of a preliminary... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"rna",
"interference",
"helminths",
"gene",
"regulation",
"enzymes",
"messenger",
"rna",
"enzymology",
"dismutases",
"animals",
"organisms",
"trematodes",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"smal... | 2017 | RNA interference in Fasciola gigantica: Establishing and optimization of experimental RNAi in the newly excysted juveniles of the fluke |
The quantity of mRNA transcripts in a cell is determined by a complex interplay of cooperative and counteracting biological processes . Independent Component Analysis ( ICA ) is one of a few number of unsupervised algorithms that have been applied to microarray gene expression data in an attempt to understand phenotype... | The amount of a given transcript or protein in a cell is determined by a balance of expression and repression in a complex network of biological processes . This delicate balance is compromised in complex genetic diseases such as cancer by alterations in the activation patterns of functionally important biological proc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Elucidating the Altered Transcriptional Programs in Breast Cancer using Independent Component Analysis |
Intracellular replication within specialized vacuoles and cell-to-cell spread in the tissue are essential for the virulence of Salmonella enterica . By observing infection dynamics at the single-cell level in vivo , we have discovered that the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 ( SPI-2 ) type 3 secretory system ( T3SS )... | High quality science has been published concerning the dynamics of infectious disease spread through communities of people or animals , but less work has been done to understand infectious disease dynamics within the host . Many conclusions about how infectious agents work are based on experiments in isolated monocultu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"genetics",
"immunology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"population",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Lacking the Pathogenicity Island-2 Type 3 Secretion System Grow to High Bacterial Numbers inside Phagocytes in Mice |
Natural killer ( NK ) cells produce interferon ( IFN ) -γ and thus have been suggested to promote type I immunity during bacterial infections . Yet , Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm ) and some other pathogens encode proteins that cause increased NK cell activation . Here , we show that stimulation of NK cell activation inc... | Natural killer ( NK ) cells are an innate immune cell population known to promote antiviral immunity through cytolysis and production of cytokines . Yet , some pathogens encode proteins that cause increased NK cell activation . Here , using a model of systemic infection by the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"bone",
"marrow",
"cells",
"developmental",
"biology"... | 2016 | Bacterial Manipulation of NK Cell Regulatory Activity Increases Susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes Infection |
Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) , like all herpesviruses maintains lifelong persistence with its host genome in latently infected cells with only a small fraction of cells showing signatures of productive lytic replication . Modulation of cellular signaling pathways by KSHV-encoded latent antigens , an... | Hypoxia induces cell cycle arrest and DNA replication to minimize energy and macromolecular demands on the ATP stores of cells in this microenvironment . A select set of proteins functions as transcriptional activators in hypoxia . However , transcriptional and translational pathways are negatively regulated in respons... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"microbiology",
"aquatic",
"h... | 2019 | KSHV-encoded LANA protects the cellular replication machinery from hypoxia induced degradation |
Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for trachoma , the primary cause of preventable blindness worldwide . Plans to eradicate trachoma using the World Health Organization's SAFE program ( Surgery , Antibiotics , Facial Cleanliness and Environment Improvement ) have resulted in recurrence of infection and disease follow... | Trachoma , a disease of antiquity dating back to the 16th century B . C . E . , predominates among developing countries , where it remains the primary cause of preventable blindness worldwide . In trachoma , recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis bacterial infections during childhood are thought to result in inflammation and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2008 | Role of Secreted Conjunctival Mucosal Cytokine and Chemokine Proteins in Different Stages of Trachomatous Disease |
We previously established an 80 kb haplotype upstream of TNFSF4 as a susceptibility locus in the autoimmune disease SLE . SLE-associated alleles at this locus are associated with inflammatory disorders , including atherosclerosis and ischaemic stroke . In Europeans , the TNFSF4 causal variants have remained elusive due... | Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE/lupus ) is a complex disease in which the body's immune cells cause inflammation in one or more systems to cause the associated morbidity . Hormones , the environment and genes are all causal contributors to SLE and over the past several years the genetic component of SLE has been fir... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"immunology",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease"
] | 2013 | Trans-Ancestral Studies Fine Map the SLE-Susceptibility Locus TNFSF4 |
Using a large , passive , clinic-based surveillance program in Iquitos , Peru , we characterized the prevalence of rickettsial infections among undifferentiated febrile cases and obtained evidence of pathogen transmission in potential domestic reservoir contacts and their ectoparasites . Blood specimens from humans and... | Rickettsial infection remains relatively unexplored in South America compared to other regions of the world . For most regions of Peru ( including the Amazon Basin ) , nothing more than broad serological characterization is available about circulating rickettsiae . Even less is known about the animal reservoirs and ins... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"domestic",
"animals",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"pulmonology",
"parasitology",
"rickettsia",
"fleas",
"zo... | 2016 | Rickettsial Disease in the Peruvian Amazon Basin |
In recent times , stochastic treatments of gene regulatory processes have appeared in the literature in which a cell exposed to a signaling molecule in its environment triggers the synthesis of a specific protein through a network of intracellular reactions . The stochastic nature of this process leads to a distributio... | Traditionally cells in a population have been assumed to behave identically by using deterministic mathematical equations describing average cell behavior , thus ignoring its inherent randomness . A single cell stochastic model has therefore evolved in the literature to overcome this drawback . However , this single ce... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"engineering"
] | 2011 | Bistability versus Bimodal Distributions in Gene Regulatory Processes from Population Balance |
Human adenovirus ( HAdV ) infection of the human eye , in particular serotypes 8 , 19 and 37 , induces the formation of corneal subepithelial leukocytic infiltrates . Using a unique mouse model of adenovirus keratitis , we studied the role of various virus-associated molecular patterns in subsequent innate immune respo... | Adenoviruses are nonenveloped DNA viruses that infect mucosal tissues , causing a wide array of diseases . Adenovirus infection of the cornea induces inflammation in the form of multifocal leukocytic infiltrates . Although studied extensively in tissue culture models , how adenoviruses induce inflammation in the living... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virology"
] | 2010 | Viral Capsid Is a Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern in Adenovirus Keratitis |
The most common cause of the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia is a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 . Here we report a study of the C9orf72 protein by examining the consequences of loss of C9orf72 functions . Deletion of one or both alleles of the C9orf72 ge... | C9orf72 is one of many uncharacterized genes in the human genome . The presence of repeated nucleotides in the non-coding region of the C9orf72 gene ( GGGGCC ) has been linked to the neurodegenerative diseases Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS ) and Frontotemporal dementia ( FTD ) . However , how the presence of thes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"lysosomes",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunoblotting",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"immunoprecipitation",
"molecular",... | 2016 | Loss of C9orf72 Enhances Autophagic Activity via Deregulated mTOR and TFEB Signaling |
C-to-U editing is an important event in post-transcriptional RNA processing , which converts a specific cytidine ( C ) -to-uridine ( U ) in transcripts of mitochondria and plastids . Typically , the pentatricopeptide repeat ( PPR ) protein , which specifies the target C residue by binding to its upstream sequence , is ... | Plant mitochondrial transcripts harbor hundreds of cytidine ( C ) that need to be converted to uridine ( U ) prior to translation . Typically , PPR proteins are recruited to specify the target Cs by binding to the upstream sequences of the edited site , and a given PPR is responsible for the editing of just one or a fe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"brassica",
"endosperm",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"mitochondria",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"bioenerget... | 2019 | Empty Pericarp21 encodes a novel PPR-DYW protein that is required for mitochondrial RNA editing at multiple sites, complexes I and V biogenesis, and seed development in maize |
There are few animal models of dengue infection , especially in immunocompetent mice . Here , we describe alterations found in adult immunocompetent mice inoculated with an adapted Dengue virus ( DENV-3 ) strain . Infection of mice with the adapted DENV-3 caused inoculum-dependent lethality that was preceded by several... | Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by one of four serotypes of Dengue virus ( DENV-1-4 ) . Dengue has escalated in geographic distribution and disease severity to become the most common arboviral infection of humans . There are no vaccines or specific therapies for dengue and the treatment is supportive . Immuno... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cytokines",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infectio... | 2012 | A Model of DENV-3 Infection That Recapitulates Severe Disease and Highlights the Importance of IFN-γ in Host Resistance to Infection |
An outbreak of dengue fever ( DF ) occurred in Guangdong Province , China in 2013 with the highest number of cases observed within the preceding ten years . DF cases were clustered in the Pearl River Delta economic zone ( PRD ) in Guangdong Province , which accounted for 99 . 6% of all cases in Guangdong province in 20... | Dengue fever is an infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes . It is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions around the world . Dengue fever is of great interest in the Pearl River Delta economic zone ( PRD ) of Guangdong province , China because the outbreak in 2013 was the largest in the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Effects of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors on the Incidence of Dengue Fever in the Pearl River Delta, China, 2013 |
Despite recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis , there is relatively little knowledge of the factors that determine the variability in human susceptibility to V . cholerae infection . We performed an observational study of a cohort of household contacts of cholera patients ... | Vibrio cholerae is the bacterium that causes cholera , a severe form of diarrhea that leads to rapid and potentially fatal dehydration when the infection is not treated promptly . Cholera remains an important cause of diarrhea globally , and V . cholerae continues to cause major epidemics in the most vulnerable populat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2008 | Susceptibility to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Cohort of Household Contacts of Patients with Cholera in Bangladesh |
Increasing the durability of crop resistance to plant pathogens is one of the key goals of virulence management . Despite the recognition of the importance of demographic and environmental stochasticity on the dynamics of an epidemic , their effects on the evolution of the pathogen and durability of resistance has not ... | We want to understand if , and how , the evolution of a pathogen can be delayed/accelerated by random fluctuations always occurring in epidemics . We studied a simple biological system relevant to agriculture: a resistant crop immune to the disease , and a plant pathogen that defeats the resistance after a single mutat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"sustainable",
"agriculture",
"high-input",
"farming",
"environmental",
"impacts",
"plant",
"biology",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"crop",
"management",
"population",
"genetics",
"crop",
"genetics",
"mathematics",
"crops",
"agricultural",
"production",
"agroc... | 2013 | Durable Resistance to Crop Pathogens: An Epidemiological Framework to Predict Risk under Uncertainty |
Antimicrobial peptides are small , cationic proteins that can induce lysis of bacterial cells through interaction with their membranes . Different mechanisms for cell lysis have been proposed , but these models tend to neglect the role of the chemical composition of the membrane , which differs between bacterial specie... | Antimicrobial peptides have the ability to kill harmful bacteria through interaction with bacterial membranes . This manuscript describes the first reported computational study of antimicrobial peptide interaction with both membranes of a Gram-negative bacterium . While antimicrobial peptides have been the topic of man... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Interaction of the Antimicrobial Peptide Polymyxin B1 with Both Membranes of E. coli: A Molecular Dynamics Study |
We present a coarse-grained simulation model that is capable of simulating the minute-timescale dynamics of protein translocation and membrane integration via the Sec translocon , while retaining sufficient chemical and structural detail to capture many of the sequence-specific interactions that drive these processes .... | Ubiquitous across all kingdoms of life , the Sec translocon is an essential piece of molecular machinery for protein biosynthesis . The translocon is a transmembrane channel that enables the secretion of newly synthesized proteins across the lipid membrane , as well as the integration of protein domains into the membra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion"
] | [
"chemical",
"compounds",
"aliphatic",
"amino",
"acids",
"organic",
"compounds",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"leucine",
"amino",
"acids",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"thermodynamics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods... | 2017 | Structurally detailed coarse-grained model for Sec-facilitated co-translational protein translocation and membrane integration |
The silent-information regulator 2 proteins , otherwise called sirtuins , are currently considered as emerging anti-parasitic targets . Nicotinamide , a pan-sirtuin inhibitor , is known to cause kinetoplast alterations and the arrested growth of T . cruzi , the protozoan responsible for Chagas disease . These observati... | T . cruzi is a protozoan pathogen responsible for Chagas disease . Current therapies rely only on a very small number of drugs , most of which are inadequate because of their severe host toxicity or because of their susceptibility to drug-resistance mechanisms . To determine efficient therapeutic alternatives , the ide... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"phytochemistry",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"chemical",
"biology"
] | 2014 | Computational Studies on Sirtuins from Trypanosoma cruzi: Structures, Conformations and Interactions with Phytochemicals |
Circulating homocysteine levels ( tHcy ) , a product of the folate one carbon metabolism pathway ( FOCM ) through the demethylation of methionine , are heritable and are associated with an increased risk of common diseases such as stroke , cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , cancer and dementia . The FOCM is the sole sour... | Elevated homocysteine ( tHcy ) is strongly associated with risk for common disorders such as stroke , cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer disease . Lowering tHcy levels has proven to have variable success in reducing clinical risk , so the question remains , “Are we correctly targeting these disorders by lowering tHcy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"dna",
"modification",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"epigenetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"human",
"genetics",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2014 | Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Homocysteine and Methionine Metabolism Identifies Five One Carbon Metabolism Loci and a Novel Association of ALDH1L1 with Ischemic Stroke |
Lipid remodeling is crucial for hypoxic tolerance in animals , whilst little is known about the hypoxia-induced lipid dynamics in plants . Here we performed a mass spectrometry-based analysis to survey the lipid profiles of Arabidopsis rosettes under various hypoxic conditions . We observed that hypoxia caused a signif... | Hypoxia is one of the most important abiotic stresses of worldwide concern that determines the crop productivity and the natural distribution of plant species . Flooding events such as root waterlogging and submergence strongly affect diffusion of gasses into plant cells , which eventually leads to hypoxia and carbohyd... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Unsaturation of Very-Long-Chain Ceramides Protects Plant from Hypoxia-Induced Damages by Modulating Ethylene Signaling in Arabidopsis |
Leptospirosis , an emerging infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira , is thought to be the most widespread zoonotic disease in the world . A first step in preventing the spread of Leptospira is delineating the animal reservoirs that maintain and disperse the bacteria . Quantitative PCR ( qPCR ) me... | Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease that recently has shown an increase of human cases in many regions , Puerto Rico being one of them . To decrease human Leptospira infections it is necessary to ascertain the role of animal reservoirs to maintain the pathogen in the environment . However , no studies of wild ma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leptospira",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"farms",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases... | 2019 | The prevalence of Leptospira among invasive small mammals on Puerto Rican cattle farms |
Numerous psychophysical experiments found that humans preferably rely on a narrow band of spatial frequencies for recognition of face identity . A recently conducted theoretical study by the author suggests that this frequency preference reflects an adaptation of the brain's face processing machinery to this specific s... | Imagine a photograph showing your friend's face . Although you might think that every single detail in his face matters for recognizing him , numerous experiments have shown that the brain prefers a rather coarse resolution instead . This means that a small rectangular photograph of about 30 to 40 pixels in width ( sho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computer",
"science/natural",
"and",
"synthetic",
"vision",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience",
"computer",
"science/numerical",
"analysis",
"and",
"theoretical",
"computing",
"neuroscience/natural",
"and",
"synthetic",
"vision",
"mathematics/statistics",
... | 2009 | “I Look in Your Eyes, Honey”: Internal Face
Features Induce Spatial Frequency Preference for Human Face Processing |
Most filarial parasite species contain Wolbachia , obligatory bacterial endosymbionts that are crucial for filarial development and reproduction . They are targets for alternative chemotherapy , but their role in the biology of filarial nematodes is not well understood . Light microscopy provides important information ... | Most filarial nematodes contain Wolbachia endobacteria that are essential for development and reproduction . An antibody against a Wolbachia surface protein was used to monitor the distribution of endobacteria during the B . malayi life cycle . In situ hybridization with probes binding to Wolbachia 16S rRNA were used t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"developmental",
"biology",
"histology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2011 | Tissue and Stage-Specific Distribution of Wolbachia in Brugia malayi |
During DNA replication , DNA polymerases follow an induced fit mechanism in order to rapidly distinguish between correct and incorrect dNTP substrates . The dynamics of this process are crucial to the overall effectiveness of catalysis . Although X-ray crystal structures of DNA polymerase I with substrate dNTPs have re... | All organisms are dependent on the proper replication of their DNA for survival . DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for copying our DNA during cell division . We have performed computational simulations on DNA polymerase to understand the fundamental dynamics of the enzyme . Our simulations provide new informati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"computer",
"modeling",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"dna",
"replication",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"dna",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computati... | 2014 | Molecular Dynamics Study of the Opening Mechanism for DNA Polymerase I |
Many proteins and signaling pathways are present in most cell types and tissues and yet perform specialized functions . To elucidate mechanisms by which these ubiquitous pathways are modulated , we overlaid information about cross-cell line protein abundance and variability , and evolutionary conservation onto function... | Cell function is determined by highly organized networks of biological molecules . An important class of protein pathways maintains the transmission of signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus . These signaling pathways are reused for different purposes at an evolutionary scale and in different cell types of the s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"protein",
"interactions",
"signaling",
"networks",
"protein",
"abundance",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"network",
"analysis",
"eukaryotic",
"evolution",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"proteins",
"proteomics",
"systems",
"bio... | 2014 | Protein Conservation and Variation Suggest Mechanisms of Cell Type-Specific Modulation of Signaling Pathways |
The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae ( pneumococcus ) is one of the most important human bacterial pathogens , and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide . The pneumococcus is also known for undergoing extensive homologous recombination via transformation with exogenous DNA . It has been shown that reco... | Streptococcus pneumoniae , a bacterium commonly carried asymptomatically by children , is a major cause of diseases such as pneumonia and meningitis . The species is genetically diverse and is known to frequently undergo the remarkable process of transformation via homologous recombination . In this process , the bacte... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"mathematics",
"genome",
"evolution",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"biology",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evo... | 2014 | Heterogeneity in the Frequency and Characteristics of Homologous Recombination in Pneumococcal Evolution |
A variety of coarse-grained ( CG ) models exists for simulation of proteins . An outstanding problem is the construction of a CG model with physically accurate conformational energetics rivaling all-atom force fields . In the present work , atomistic simulations of peptide folding and aggregation equilibria are force-m... | Biological function originates from the dynamical motions of proteins in response to cellular stimuli . Protein dynamics arise from physical interactions that are well-predicted by detailed atomistic simulations . In order to examine large protein complexes on long timescales of biological importance , however , coarse... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/molecular",
"dynamics",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Multiscale Coarse-Graining of the Protein Energy Landscape |
The type VI secretion system ( T6SS ) is a widespread , versatile protein secretion system in pathogenic Proteobacteria . Several T6SSs are tightly regulated by various regulatory systems at multiple levels . However , the signals and/or regulatory mechanisms of many T6SSs remain unexplored . Here , we report on an aci... | The bacterial type VI secretion system ( T6SS ) has diverse functions that contribute to the survival or fitness of many pathogenic bacteria in response to environmental cues . Numerous studies have shown that T6SS is highly regulated via multiple mechanisms , but the regulatory mechanisms of most T6SSs remain unknown ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"plant",
"microbiology",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2012 | Acid-Induced Type VI Secretion System Is Regulated by ExoR-ChvG/ChvI Signaling Cascade in Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
For many viruses , one or two proteins allow cell attachment and entry , which occurs through the plasma membrane or following endocytosis at low pH . In contrast , vaccinia virus ( VACV ) enters cells by both neutral and low pH routes; four proteins mediate cell attachment and twelve that are associated in a membrane ... | Poxviruses are large DNA viruses that cause diseases in humans and other animals . To initiate infection , the core of the large , membrane-enveloped particle must penetrate into the cytoplasm where replication occurs . For most enveloped viruses only one or two proteins are needed for attachment and penetration . Howe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viral",
"entry",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | The Membrane Fusion Step of Vaccinia Virus Entry Is Cooperatively Mediated by Multiple Viral Proteins and Host Cell Components |
Diet is a crucial determinant of organismal biology; interactions between the host , its diet , and its microbiota are critical to determining the health of an organism . A variety of genetic and biochemical means were used to assay stress sensitivity in C . elegans reared on two standard laboratory diets: E . coli OP5... | Vitamin B12 deficiency affects ~10–40% of US adults , causing a range of health issues ranging from anemia to neurological defects . Here we provide a mechanistic link between dietary B12 deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction . Our data indicate that B12 supports clearance of propionate , an intermediate of branched... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"b",
"vitamins",
"invertebrates",
"vitamin",
"b12",
"deficiency",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"megaloblastic",
"anemia",
"rna",
"interference",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"caenorhabditis",
"pathogens",
"microbiology... | 2019 | Interplay between mitochondria and diet mediates pathogen and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans |
During December 2013 , the first locally transmitted chikungunya virus ( CHIKV ) infections in the Americas were reported in the Caribbean . Although CHIKV infection is rarely fatal , risk for severe disease increases with age and medical comorbidities . Herein we describe characteristics of Veterans Health Administrat... | Infection with mosquito-borne chikungunya virus causes fever and severe diffuse joint pain—an illness known as chikungunya fever , or "that which bends up . " Epidemics of chikungunya fever have occurred in Asia , Africa , and Europe . Not until December 2013 were there reports of chikungunya virus infection occurring ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"g... | 2016 | Chikungunya Fever Cases Identified in the Veterans Health Administration System, 2014 |
Resistance against different antibiotics appears on the same bacterial strains more often than expected by chance , leading to high frequencies of multidrug resistance . There are multiple explanations for this observation , but these tend to be specific to subsets of antibiotics and/or bacterial species , whereas the ... | Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health concern , yet the ecology and evolution of drug resistance are not fully understood . This impacts our ability to design effective interventions to combat resistance . From a public health point of view , multidrug resistance is particularly problematic because resistanc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pneumococcus",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"epistasis",
"antibiotic",
"resistance",
"linkage",
"disequilibrium",
"antibiotics",
"pharmacology",
"bacteria",
"b... | 2019 | On the evolutionary ecology of multidrug resistance in bacteria |
Severe hepatic inflammation is a common cause of acute liver injury following systemic infection with Ehrlichia , obligate Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that lack lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) . We have previously shown that type I IFN ( IFN-I ) and inflammasome activation are key host-pathogenic mediators that pro... | Human monocytic ehrlichiosis ( HME ) is the most prevalent emerging infectious disease in the United States . Ehrlichia chaffeensis , etiologic agent of HME , is a Gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted by infected tick bites and can infect different cell type . Although Ehrlichia lack lipopolysacch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"intracellular",
"pathogens",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"ce... | 2017 | MyD88-dependent inflammasome activation and autophagy inhibition contributes to Ehrlichia-induced liver injury and toxic shock |
Alternans of cardiac action potential duration ( APD ) is a well-known arrhythmogenic mechanism which results from dynamical instabilities . The propensity to alternans is classically investigated by examining APD restitution and by deriving APD restitution slopes as predictive markers . However , experiments have show... | Cardiac arrhythmias are frequent complications of heart disease and an important cause of morbidity and mortality . The rhythmic activity of the heart relies on the action potential , a bioelectrical signal characterized by complex dynamics involving ion currents and intracellular calcium cycling . When these dynamics ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"physiology",
"signal",
"processing",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"cardiovascular",
"system",
"biophysics",
"computational",
"biology",
"engineering"
] | 2012 | Uncovering the Dynamics of Cardiac Systems Using Stochastic Pacing and Frequency Domain Analyses |
Flavivirus envelope protein ( E ) mediates membrane fusion and viral entry from endosomes . A low-pH induced , dimer-to-trimer rearrangement and reconfiguration of the membrane-proximal “stem" of the E ectodomain draw together the viral and cellular membranes . We found stem-derived peptides from dengue virus ( DV ) bi... | Fusion of viral and cellular membranes is necessary to establish infection by an enveloped virus . This process is facilitated by rearrangement of protein ( s ) present on the virion surface in response to molecular cues from the compartment from which fusion occurs , such as low pH of an endosome . Dengue virus is an ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"medicinal",
"chemistry",
"virology",
"chemistry",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure"
] | 2012 | Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Dengue-Virus Entry |
Alternative splicing ( AS ) and gene duplication ( GD ) both are processes that diversify the protein repertoire . Recent examples have shown that sequence changes introduced by AS may be comparable to those introduced by GD . In addition , the two processes are inversely correlated at the genomic scale: large gene fam... | Alternative splicing ( AS ) and gene duplication ( GD ) followed by sequence divergence constitute two fundamental biological processes contributing to proteome variability . The former reflects the ability of many genes to express different products , while the latter results in several copies of the same gene that ar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"homo",
"(human)",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"mus",
"(mouse)"
] | 2007 | The (In)dependence of Alternative Splicing and Gene Duplication |
Despite partial success , communication has remained impossible for persons suffering from complete motor paralysis but intact cognitive and emotional processing , a state called complete locked-in state ( CLIS ) . Based on a motor learning theoretical context and on the failure of neuroelectric brain–computer interfac... | Despite scientific and technological advances , communication has remained impossible for persons suffering from complete motor paralysis but intact cognitive and emotional processing , a condition that is called completely locked-in state . Brain–computer interfaces based on neuroelectrical technology ( like an electr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"amyotrophic",
"lateral",
"sclerosis",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"contingency",
"tables",
"neuroscience",
... | 2017 | Brain–Computer Interface–Based Communication in the Completely Locked-In State |
The epidemiologically most important mechanism of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is associated with mecA–an acquired gene encoding an extra penicillin-binding protein ( PBP2a ) with low affinity to virtually all β-lactams . The introduction of mecA into the S . aureus chromosome has led to the emergence... | The emergence and rise of mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance in staphylococci has been one of the greatest concerns of the scientific and medical communities worldwide . However , little is known regarding the origin of the mecA gene determinant . In this study we demonstrate that antibiotic pressure in the human enviro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"drugs",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"animals",
"mammals",
"methicillin-resistant",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"... | 2017 | Evidence for the evolutionary steps leading to mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance in staphylococci |
The C . elegans eat-3 gene encodes a mitochondrial dynamin family member homologous to Opa1 in humans and Mgm1 in yeast . We find that mutations in the C . elegans eat-3 locus cause mitochondria to fragment in agreement with the mutant phenotypes observed in yeast and mammalian cells . Electron microscopy shows that th... | Dominant Optic Atrophy is a progressive eye disease caused by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells . The most prevalent form of DOA is caused by mutations in the Opa1 protein . This protein is required for fusion between mitochondria , it has an anti-apoptotic function , and it is required for mitochondrial DNA segre... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models"
] | 2008 | The C. elegans Opa1 Homologue EAT-3 Is Essential for Resistance to Free Radicals |
The promoter regions of approximately 40% of genes in the human genome are embedded in CpG islands , CpG-rich regions that frequently extend on the order of one kb 3′ of the transcription start site ( TSS ) region . CpGs 3′ of the TSS of actively transcribed CpG island promoters typically remain methylation-free , indi... | Genes , the functional units of heredity , are made up of DNA , which is packaged inside the nuclei of eukaryotic cells in association with a number of proteins in a structure called chromatin . In order for transcription , the process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA , to take place , chromatin must... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"in",
"vitro",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | An Unmethylated 3′ Promoter-Proximal Region Is Required for Efficient Transcription Initiation |
When two mutations , one dominant pathogenic and the other “confining” nonsense , coexist in the same allele , theoretically , reversion of the latter may elicit a disease , like the opening of Pandora's box . However , cases of this hypothetical pathogenic mechanism have never been reported . We describe a lethal form... | Loss of gene functions due to nonsense mutations is a typical pathogenic mechanism of hereditary diseases . They may , however , in certain genetic contexts , confine the effects of other dominant pathogenic mutations and suppress disease manifestations . We report the first instance in the literature where the reversi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"eye",
"infections",
"dermatology",
"otology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"genetic",
"dominance",
"autosomal",
"dominant",
"traits",
"epidemiology",
"ophthalmology",
"genetics",
"keratitis",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"hearing",
"disorders",
"de... | 2014 | Revertant Mutation Releases Confined Lethal Mutation, Opening Pandora's Box: A Novel Genetic Pathogenesis |
Unraveling the interplay between connectivity and spatio-temporal dynamics in neuronal networks is a key step to advance our understanding of neuronal information processing . Here we investigate how particular features of network connectivity underpin the propensity of neural networks to generate slow-switching assemb... | Neural networks display a wide range of spatio-temporal behaviors . Understanding how this complex orchestration of neuronal firing activity is determined by the structure of the network ( i . e . , its wiring ) is an important step towards comprehending how neural computation is manifested , especially given the growi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Emergence of Slow-Switching Assemblies in Structured Neuronal Networks |
In order to decrease the prevalence of trachoma within the country , the Republic of South Sudan has implemented components of the SAFE strategy in various counties since 2001 . Five counties in Eastern Equatoria state were surveyed in order to monitor progress of programmatic interventions and determine if additional ... | Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world; however , with proper interventions the disease can be controlled . Despite a paucity of experienced trachoma graders , insecurity , and difficulty accessing some villages , population-based impact surveys were conducted in five counties of South Suda... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"south",
"sudan",
"animals",
"mammals",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"proce... | 2017 | Burden of trachoma in five counties of Eastern Equatoria state, South Sudan: Results from population-based surveys |
Plasmodium vivax infects a hundred million people annually and endangers 40% of the world's population . Unlike Plasmodium falciparum , P . vivax parasites can persist as a dormant stage in the liver , known as the hypnozoite , and these dormant forms can cause malaria relapses months or years after the initial mosquit... | Plasmodium vivax is capable of remaining dormant in the human liver for months to years after an initial infection , creating an asymptomatic human reservoir . This unique aspect of parasite biology makes eliminating P . vivax distinctly different from P . falciparum elimination , and yet very little is known about thi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"microbiology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"parasitology"
] | 2014 | A High Resolution Case Study of a Patient with Recurrent Plasmodium vivax Infections Shows That Relapses Were Caused by Meiotic Siblings |
Proteolytic processing of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins by the viral protease ( PR ) is crucial for the production of infectious HIV-1 , and inhibitors of the viral PR are an integral part of current antiretroviral therapy . The process has several layers of complexity ( multiple cleavage sites and substrates; multiple ... | Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) produces its structural proteins and key enzymes in the form of polyproteins , from which the individual proteins need to be released in a complex and tightly regulated series of cleavage reactions to give rise to a morphologically mature , infectious virus particle . This process i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology",
"microbiology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Gag-Pol Processing during HIV-1 Virion Maturation: A Systems Biology Approach |
Similar to developmental programs in eukaryotes , the death of a subpopulation of cells is thought to benefit bacterial biofilm development . However mechanisms that mediate a tight control over cell death are not clearly understood at the population level . Here we reveal that CidR dependent pyruvate oxidase ( CidC ) ... | Many bacterial species including the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus are capable of adhering to surfaces and forming complex communities called biofilms . This mode of growth can be particularly challenging from an infection control standpoint , as they are often refractory to antibiotics and host immune system . Althou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biofilms",
"bacteriology",
"bacterial",
"physiology",
"bacterial",
"biofilms",
"ecology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"ecology"
] | 2014 | A Central Role for Carbon-Overflow Pathways in the Modulation of Bacterial Cell Death |
Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , also known as sleeping sickness , persists as a public health problem in several sub-Saharan countries . Evidence-based , spatially explicit estimates of population at risk are needed to inform planning and implementation of field interventions , monitor disease trends , raise aw... | The present thrust towards the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT , or sleeping sickness ) requires accurate information on how many people are at risk of contracting the disease , and where they live . This information is crucial to target field interventions effectively and efficiently , as well as to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"disease",
"mapping",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Estimating and Mapping the Population at Risk of Sleeping Sickness |
The Three Gorges Dam ( TGD ) is a remarkable , far-reaching project in China . This study was conducted to assess the impact of TGD on changes in the ecological environment , snail distribution and schistosomiasis transmission in Dongting Lake area . Hydrological data were collected from 12 monitoring sites in Hunan se... | Three Gorges Dam ( TGD ) is a tremendous hydrological project in China , it affects the ecological environment and influences the survival of animals downstream . The Dongting Lake is the first large lake that connects Yangtze River after it flows out of TGD , meanwhile , it accounts for 48% of the total snail habitati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"surface",
"water",
"limnology",
"malacology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"gastropods",
"aquatic",
"environments",
"geology",
"bodies"... | 2017 | Impact of the Three Gorges project on ecological environment changes and snail distribution in Dongting Lake area |
Defects in cilium and centrosome function result in a spectrum of clinically-related disorders , known as ciliopathies . However , the complex molecular composition of these structures confounds functional dissection of what any individual gene product is doing under normal and disease conditions . As part of an siRNA ... | Cilia are slender projections from the surface of most mammalian cells and have sensory and sometimes motile functions . They are essential for mammalian development and defects in cilia lead to a group of human diseases , termed ciliopathies , with variable symptoms including embryonic lethality , lung and kidney defe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"gene",
"function",
"germ",
"cells",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"division",
"organism",
"development",
"dna",
"biology",
"mouse",
"somatic",
"cells",
"biochemistry",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"gen... | 2013 | Acute Versus Chronic Loss of Mammalian Azi1/Cep131 Results in Distinct Ciliary Phenotypes |
Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma ( ATL ) arises from chronic non-malignant human T lymphotropic virus type-1 ( HTLV-1 ) infection which is characterized by high plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines whereas ATL is characterized by high plasma anti-inflammatory ( IL-10 ) concentrations . The poor prognosis of ATL is partly a... | Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 ( HTLV-1 ) infection of CD4+ T cells is associated with a change in their cytokine producing capacity and is responsible for the different plasma cytokine profiles in patients with adult T-cell leukaemia/Lymphoma ( ATL ) and non-malignant HTLV-1 infection . Dominant malignant clon... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"cells",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"opportunistic",
... | 2018 | Switching and loss of cellular cytokine producing capacity characterize in vivo viral infection and malignant transformation in human T- lymphotropic virus type 1 infection |
Mating-type switching in fission yeast results from gene conversions of the active mat1 locus by heterochromatic donors . mat1 is preferentially converted by mat2-P in M cells and by mat3-M in P cells . Here , we report that donor choice is governed by two portable recombination enhancers capable of promoting use of th... | The state of chromatin , heterochromatin or euchromatin , affects homologous recombination in eukaryotes . We study mating-type switching in fission yeast to learn how recombination is regulated in heterochromatin . Fission yeast exists as two mating-types , P or M , determined by the allele present at the expressed ma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Two Portable Recombination Enhancers Direct Donor Choice in Fission Yeast Heterochromatin |
Strongyloides stercoralis is a neglected soil-transmitted helminth species , and there is a lack of parasitologic and epidemiologic data pertaining to this parasite in China and elsewhere . We studied the local occurrence of S . stercoralis in a village in Yunnan province , China , and comparatively assessed the perfor... | An estimated 30 million to 100 million people are infected with the parasitic worm Strongyloides stercoralis , the causative agent of strongyloidiasis , and yet this is a neglected tropical disease . The diagnosis of this parasite requires specialized techniques ( e . g . Baermann and Koga agar plate method ) , but the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/screening",
"infectious",
"diseases/epidemiology",
"and",
"control",
"of... | 2007 | Occurrence of Strongyloides stercoralis in Yunnan Province, China, and Comparison of Diagnostic Methods |
Translation termination is a highly controlled process in the cell . In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , various regulatory factors employ genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to control this process . We used a quantitative dual luciferase reporter assay to demonstrate a difference in translation termination efficiency between... | Translation , the process of protein synthesis from messenger RNA ( mRNA ) , cannot be successfully completed without proper termination . The ends of the mRNA coding regions are marked by one of the three stop codons , which are recognized by termination factors rather than by the transfer RNAs ( tRNAs ) that match am... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | Variants in SUP45 and TRM10 Underlie Natural Variation in Translation Termination Efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
The key trigger for Hebbian synaptic plasticity is influx of Ca2+ into postsynaptic dendritic spines . The magnitude of [Ca2+] increase caused by NMDA-receptor ( NMDAR ) and voltage-gated Ca2+ -channel ( VGCC ) activation is thought to determine both the amplitude and direction of synaptic plasticity by differential ac... | Hebbian or associative plasticity is triggered by postsynaptic Ca2+ influx which activates calmodulin and CaMKII . The influx of Ca2+ through voltage-dependent NMDA receptors and Ca2+ channels is regulated by Ca2+ -activated K+ channels ( SK-channels ) providing negative feedback regulation of postsynaptic [Ca2+] . Usi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"action",
"potentials",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"signal",
"processing",
"depolarization",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"signal",
"filtering",
"synaptic",
"plasticity",
"n... | 2016 | Control of Ca2+ Influx and Calmodulin Activation by SK-Channels in Dendritic Spines |
Buruli ulcer ( BU ) caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans is effectively treated with rifampicin and streptomycin for 8 weeks but some lesions take several months to heal . We have shown previously that some slowly healing lesions contain mycolactone suggesting continuing infection after antibiotic therapy . Now we have det... | Buruli ulcer ( BU ) caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans is effectively treated with rifampicin and streptomycin for 8 weeks but some lesions take several months to heal . We have shown previously that some slowly healing lesions contain the M . ulcerans toxin , mycolactone , suggesting continuing infection after completio... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"drugs",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"rna",
"extraction",
"physiological",
"processes",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"antibiotics",... | 2017 | Clearance of viable Mycobacterium ulcerans from Buruli ulcer lesions during antibiotic treatment as determined by combined 16S rRNA reverse transcriptase /IS 2404 qPCR assay |
Error-driven learning rules have received considerable attention because of their close relationships to both optimal theory and neurobiological mechanisms . However , basic forms of these rules are effective under only a restricted set of conditions in which the environment is stable . Recent studies have defined opti... | The ability to make accurate predictions is important to thrive in a dynamic world . Many predictions , like those made by a stock picker , are based , at least in part , on historical data thought also to reflect future trends . However , when unexpected changes occur , like an abrupt change in the value of a company ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"learning",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"psychology",
"social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"sciences",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"decision",
"making",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory"
] | 2013 | A Mixture of Delta-Rules Approximation to Bayesian Inference in Change-Point Problems |
There is an interesting overlap of function in a wide range of organisms between genes that modulate the stress responses and those that regulate aging phenotypes and , in some cases , lifespan . We have therefore screened mutagenized zebrafish embryos for the altered expression of a stress biomarker , senescence-assoc... | By performing genetic mutant screens using senescence-associated biomarkers , we show that the zebrafish is a tractable model system for the study of aging . In vertebrate organisms , it has not previously been possible to carry out systematic screens for genes that are important for stress responses and aging in an un... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"genetics",
"geriatrics/geriatric",
"ophthalmology",
"ophthalmology/retinal",
"disorders",
"developmental",
"biology/aging",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models"
] | 2008 | The Identification of Zebrafish Mutants Showing Alterations in Senescence-Associated Biomarkers |
Distinguishing arboviral infections from bacterial causes of febrile illness is of great importance for clinical management . The Infection Manager System ( IMS ) is a novel diagnostic algorithm equipped on a Sysmex hematology analyzer that evaluates the host response using novel techniques that quantify cellular activ... | Distinguishing arboviral infections , such as dengue , from bacterial causes of febrile illness is of great importance for clinical management and antimicrobial stewardship . In resource-limited countries , costly and expertise-reliant diagnostic assays cannot be performed routinely . The Infection Manager Software ( I... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"drugs",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"salmonellosis",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
... | 2019 | A novel diagnostic algorithm equipped on an automated hematology analyzer to differentiate between common causes of febrile illness in Southeast Asia |
We review the leaky competing accumulator model for two-alternative forced-choice decisions with cued responses , and propose extensions to account for the influence of unequal rewards . Assuming that stimulus information is integrated until the cue to respond arrives and that firing rates of stimulus-selective neurons... | Decisions are commonly based on multiple sources of information . In a forced choice task , for example , sensory information about the identity of a stimulus may be combined with prior information about the amount of reward associated with each choice . We employed a well-characterized motion discrimination task to ex... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"mathematics",
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2009 | Can Monkeys Choose Optimally When Faced with Noisy Stimuli and Unequal Rewards? |
Filariae are tissue-invasive nematodes that cause diseases such as elephantiasis and river blindness . The goal of this study was to characterize the role of histamine during Litomosoides sigmodontis infection of BALB/c mice , a murine model of filariasis . Time course studies demonstrated that while expression of hist... | Filariae are tissue-invasive parasitic roundworms that infect over 100 million people worldwide and cause debilitating conditions such as river blindness and elephantiasis . One of the major factors limiting our ability to eliminate these infections is the lack of drugs that kill adult worms when given as a short cours... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Histamine 1 Receptor Blockade Enhances Eosinophil-Mediated Clearance of Adult Filarial Worms |
This study was conducted in Bangladeshi patients in an outpatient setting to support registration of Paromomycin Intramuscular Injection ( PMIM ) as a low-cost treatment option in Bangladesh . This Phase IIIb , open-label , multi-center , single-arm trial assessed the efficacy and safety of PMIM administered at 11 mg/k... | Effective and safe therapies for visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , also known as kala-azar , at an affordable cost are urgently needed in Bangladesh . Although sodium stibogluconate , miltefosine , and paromomycin are included in the National Essential Drug List for VL , only miltefosine is currently registered in Bangla... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Effectiveness Study of Paromomycin IM Injection (PMIM) for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in Bangladesh |
The nature of the neural codes for pitch and loudness , two basic auditory attributes , has been a key question in neuroscience for over century . A currently widespread view is that sound intensity ( subjectively , loudness ) is encoded in spike rates , whereas sound frequency ( subjectively , pitch ) is encoded in pr... | A widely held view among auditory scientists is that the neural code for sound intensity ( or loudness ) involves temporally coarse spike-rate information , whereas the code for sound frequency ( or pitch ) requires more fine-grained and precise spike timing information . One problem with this view is that neurons in a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Auditory Frequency and Intensity Discrimination Explained Using a Cortical Population Rate Code |
Target selection is the first and pivotal step in drug discovery . An incorrect choice may not manifest itself for many years after hundreds of millions of research dollars have been spent . We collected a set of 332 targets that succeeded or failed in phase III clinical trials , and explored whether Omic features desc... | Drug discovery often begins with a hypothesis that changing the abundance or activity of a target—a biological molecule , usually a protein—will cure a disease or ameliorate its symptoms . Whether a target hypothesis translates into a successful therapy depends in part on the characteristics of the target , but it is n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tissue",
"proteins",
"phase",
"iii",
"clinical",
"investigation",
"protein",
"expression",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"mathematics",
"artificial",
"intelligence",
"pharmacology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"discrete",
"mat... | 2018 | Systematic interrogation of diverse Omic data reveals interpretable, robust, and generalizable transcriptomic features of clinically successful therapeutic targets |
The 146-kDa Pasteurella multocida toxin ( PMT ) is the main virulence factor to induce P . multocida-associated progressive atrophic rhinitis in various animals . PMT leads to a destruction of nasal turbinate bones implicating an effect of the toxin on osteoblasts and/or osteoclasts . The toxin induces constitutive act... | Pasteurella multocida causes as a facultative pathogen various diseases in men and animals . One induced syndrome is atrophic rhinitis , which is a form of osteopenia , mainly characterized by facial distortion due to degradation of nasal turbinate bones . Strains , which especially affect bone tissue , produce the pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"mitogenic",
"signaling",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"microbiology",
"g-protein",
"signaling",
"pasteurellosis",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"gtpase",
"signaling",
"mapk",
"signaling",
"cascades",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"erk",
"signaling",
"cascade",
"infec... | 2013 | Pasteurella Multocida Toxin Prevents Osteoblast Differentiation by Transactivation of the MAP-Kinase Cascade via the Gαq/11 - p63RhoGEF - RhoA Axis |
Loss of gut integrity is linked to various human diseases including inflammatory bowel disease . However , the mechanisms that lead to loss of barrier function remain poorly understood . Using D . melanogaster , we demonstrate that dietary restriction ( DR ) slows the age-related decline in intestinal integrity by enha... | Dietary restriction ( DR ) is a robust environmental method to slow aging and age-related diseases in diverse organisms . Age-related disruption of gut integrity has been observed in both mammals and fruit flies and is a determinant of lifespan . In Drosophila , DR is able to slow the age-related decline in gut integri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"antimicrobials",
"cell",
"death",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rna",
"interference",
"drugs",
"cell",
"processes",
"permeability",
"microbiology",
"diet",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"... | 2018 | Dietary restriction improves intestinal cellular fitness to enhance gut barrier function and lifespan in D. melanogaster |
Although local eradication is routinely attempted following introduction of disease into a new region , failure is commonplace . Epidemiological principles governing the design of successful control are not well-understood . We analyse factors underlying the effectiveness of reactive eradication of localised outbreaks ... | Increases in global trade and travel suggest outbreaks of plant disease caused by invasive pathogens will increase in frequency . We use mathematical modelling to show how control of such disease outbreaks can be optimised . Although our methods and analyses are generic , we use the attempted eradication of citrus cank... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Optimising and Communicating Options for the Control of Invasive Plant Disease When There Is Epidemiological Uncertainty |
The positive-strand RNA viruses initiate their amplification in the cell from a single genome delivered by virion . This single RNA molecule needs to become involved in replication process before it is recognized and degraded by cellular machinery . In this study , we show that distantly related New World and Old World... | Many viruses encode proteins containing intrinsically disordered domains , whose functions are as yet unknown . Here we show that such a domain ( HVD ) in the alphavirus nsP3 protein orchestrates assembly of viral replication complexes through interaction with RNA-binding cellular factors . Surprisingly , geographicall... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"togaviruses",
"chikungunya",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"alphaviruses",
"viruses",
"chi... | 2016 | New World and Old World Alphaviruses Have Evolved to Exploit Different Components of Stress Granules, FXR and G3BP Proteins, for Assembly of Viral Replication Complexes |
Training can modify the visual system to produce a substantial improvement on perceptual tasks and therefore has applications for treating visual deficits . Visual perceptual learning ( VPL ) is often specific to the trained feature , which gives insight into processes underlying brain plasticity , but limits VPL’s eff... | Training can modify the visual system to produce improvements on perceptual tasks ( visual perceptual learning ) , which is associated with adult brain plasticity . Visual perceptual learning has important clinical applications: it improves the vision of adults with visual deficits , e . g . amblyopia and cortical blin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"perceptual",
"learning",
"perception",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"computer",
"vision",
"vision",
"neuronal",
"tuning",
"research",
"and",
"analysis"... | 2017 | Feature reliability determines specificity and transfer of perceptual learning in orientation search |
Twin cohorts provide a unique advantage for investigations of the role of genetics and environment in the etiology of variation in common complex traits by reducing the variance due to environment , age , and cohort differences . The GenomEUtwin ( http://www . genomeutwin . org ) consortium consists of eight twin cohor... | Twin cohorts provide a unique advantage for research of the role of genetics and environment behind common complex traits by reducing the variance due to environment , age , and cohort differences . The GenomEUtwin consortium consists of eight twin cohorts with the total resource of hundreds of thousands of twin pairs ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Combined Genome Scans for Body Stature in 6,602 European Twins: Evidence for Common Caucasian Loci |
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