Split (1)

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<s>[INST] <word> core tool [/INST] 몸돌석기 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> And it would be also much more reasonable to recognise the boundary as an active and dynamic place on which various cultural exchange such as cultural assimilation and acculturation would take place. [/INST] 오히려 이러한 공간적 범위는 일종의 활동 가능 영역이나 이동 범위로, 그리고 그 과정에서 설정되는 경계는 문화 접변과 문화 동화와 같은 활발한 문화 교류가 일어났던 역동적이고 능동적인 장소로 파악하는 것이 훨씬 합리적일 수 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> First, the tombs of the Yeanri site in Gimhae, South Korea, are examined. In this case, human skeletal evidence was analyzed in order to undertake a study of social organization based on gender and age. [/INST] 먼저 인골자료의 분석을 통해 성과 연령에 따른 사회조직의 연구가 이루어진 김해 예안리유적을 소개한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> As a result, total lithic objects can be integrated under a new typological scheme with hierarchical structure. [/INST] 그 결과 전체석기군에서 모든 형식들이 통합된 위계적 구조를 가지는 새로운 형식분류안을 마련할 수 있었다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Palaeolithic Age [/INST] 구석기 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> mushroom-shaped bronze implement [/INST] 입형동기 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This article reviews the archaeological data to unveil the existence of women and the formation process of femininity or female identity in Korean prehistory, and discusses the reason why women and femininity or female identity have not been clearly reflected or mediated through material culture in a certain period. [/INST] 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 이 글에서는 한국 선사시대 여성과 여성성의 형성과정을 보여줄 수 있는 자료들을 세밀히 검토하고 이를 통해 한국 선사시대 여성성의 특징을 시기별로 해명해보고자 하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> cup-shaped pottery [/INST] 컵형토기 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Proto Three Kingdoms Period [/INST] 원삼국시대 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In the Khakassko ? Minusinsk basin in the midstream of the Yenisei River, which goes into the Arctic Ocean by flowing north through the central area of Russia while dividing Siberia into the eastern part and the western part, many relics ranging from the Stone Age to the Iron Age are scattered. [/INST] 시베리아를 동?서부로 나누며 러시아의 중부지역을 북쪽으로 관통하며 북극해로 들어가는 예니세이강 중류의 하카스코-미누신스크 분지에는 석기시대부터 철기시대에 이르는 많은 유적들이 산재해 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> cast [/INST] 주조 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> top-shaped pottery [/INST] 팽이형토기 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> trap pit [/INST] 함정유구 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> outer coffin [/INST] 곽 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Balhae [/INST] 발해 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In addition, current hypothesis for communalization of surplus(management) premising the experience of collective labor-pooling at the stage of production also shows logical and positive limitations. [/INST] 한편, 생산단계에서부터의 집단적 노동력 동원의 경험이 그 이념적 기반을 이루는‘剩餘公共化’의 명제 또한 설명논리에 대한 비판적 검토나 저장 수혈의 분포양상에 대한 통시적 연구 성과에 비춰볼 때, 논리·실증적 한계를 내포하고 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> It is further suggested that U-shaped pottery and lattice pattern pottery, along with ditch-pit burials associated with this pottery, can be dated to as early as the first century BC. [/INST] 그 결과, 오이도패총, 오산 궐동, 아산 진터 토광묘의 U자형토기의 시점을 기원전으로 설정하고, 이들과 깊은 관련을 가지고 있는 격자문타날토기와 주구토광묘의 연대도 기존의 편년안보다 상향조정하는 대안적 가설을 제안하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The results of the analysis undertaken on the archaeological remains of Sangun-ri and Sugye-ri of Wanju County and Sucheong-dong of Osan City in South Korea showed that swords with ring pommels, iron helmets, iron arrowheads, iron axes, forging tools, and horse gear had deep correlations with each other, thus potentially serving as the representative objects of a man. [/INST] 완주 상운리와 수계리, 오산 수청동유적의 분석결과, 환두도·철모·철촉·철부·단야구·마구류는 상호 간에 깊은 상관관계를 가지며 남성의 표상물일 가능성을 보여 주었다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Based on material culture and written records, the temporal development of Mahan may be segmented into the initial-early-middle-late periods. The key spatial sphere of Mahan saw changes along with the progression of the periods, accompanied by diverse changes in the content and nature of its material culture. [/INST] 마한의 시간적 전개과정은 물질문화와 문헌기록으로 볼 때 조기-전기-중기-후기로 나눌 수 있는데, 획기별로 마한의 주요 공간이 이동하였고 물질문화의 내용과 성격 역시 다양하게 나타난다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> defensive implement [/INST] 방어구 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This article aims at discussing similarities and differences observed in the spreading process of war chariot into various regions as well as theoretical argument on diffusion and migration. [/INST] 이 글에서는 전파와 이주에 대한 이론적 논의와 함께 전차가 각 지역으로 확산되어 가는 과정에서 발견되는 유사점과 차이점에 대해 논의하고자 하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> polyhedron [/INST] 여러면석기 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> grooved stone adze [/INST] 유구석부 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Rice as staple food is finally discerned from the isotopic values of high status individuals from the middle to late Chosun dynasty site(Oknam?ri site). [/INST] 둘째, 삼국시대 이후 양상을 토대로 통시적인 관점에서 보았을 때, 청동기시대 도작 농경의 비중, 특히 실제 생산량 및 섭취량에 대해서는 신중한 접근이 필요하다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Especially, I emphasize the necessity of microscopic approaches, pointing out current researches are lacking interest on internal variability of individual ‘chon(村).’ [/INST] 특히, 현재 연구에서 지방적 편제로서 촌락의 내재적 다양성에 대한 관심이 부족함을 지적하면서 지방적 시각에 입각한 미시적 연구의 필요성을 강조한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Specially, the coincidences were more apparently identifiable in the Bronze Age. [/INST] 특히, 청동기시대는 더욱 그러하다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> kiln [/INST] 가마 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Neolithic Age [/INST] 신석기시대 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> quartz tempered pottery [/INST] 석영혼입계토기 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Goguryeo [/INST] 고구려 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> During this stage, the ancient culture of Mahan reached its peak in the western areas of the Honam region, spreading throughout the Seomjin River area, with the exception of the Jinan highlands in the upper Geum River area and the vicinity of the Woonbong highlands. [/INST] 이 단계의 마한 문화는 호남 서부 일대에서 전성기를 누리게 되고, 금강 상류의 진안고원과 운봉고원 일대를 제외한 섬진강 전역에 나타난다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> wooden slip [/INST] 목간 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In archaeological understandings on the past societies, reconstructing their patterns of diet and disease can be more important than any other thing. [/INST] 고고학 연구에서 식이와 질환 양상 복원은 이론의 여지 없이 중요한 과제이다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> implement of groundbreaking ritual [/INST] 지진구 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This paper is a surrebuttal. [/INST] 본고는 이에 대한 재반론을 시도한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> coarse-lined geometric bronze mirror [/INST] 다뉴조문경 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Pedestal vessels, sometimes called dou, were used to offer, display, and distribute food and seem to have appeared for the first time in southern China during the early period of the Neolithic culture, probably around the 6th millennium B.C.E. [/INST] 굽접시라고도 불리우는 두형토기는 기원전 6천년기에 남중국에서 최초로 출현한 것으로 추정된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Based on this, I examined how the emergence of maritime trade played a role in the emergence and growth of the West Coast polities, and what changes were in the local community as the importance of maritime trade increased. [/INST] 이를 토대로, 해상교역의 출현이 서해안 일대 정치체들의 출현과 성장에는 어떠한 역할을 하였는지, 해상 교역의 중요성이 높아지면서 나타나는 지역사회의 변화가 무엇인지 살펴보았다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> I attempt at reviewing some arguments at issue in critical fashion and suggesting a proper way in which discussion on the relationship between storage, surplus and leadership might get more productive, in order to solve worrisome problems. [/INST] 본고는 그러한 우려를 불식시키고자 현재 쟁점이 되고 있는 몇 가지 사항을 비판적으로 검토함은 물론 다시금 논의가 생산적으로 진행될 수 있는 방향모색을 시도한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The age of lithic assemblages is, albeit arguable, estimated at ca. 0.75?0.85 Mya based on the date of tektites discovered within the laterite layer; future research for the reconstruction of the site formation process in a more reliable way is necessary, though. [/INST] 이러한 유물군의 연대는 퇴적층에서 발견된 유리 운석의 절대 연대에 의존해서 중기 홍적세 초반(0.75~0.85 Mya)으로 인식되고 있지만, 보다 정밀한 조사를 통해서 이 일대의 지질사 및 유적 형성 과정에 대한 적절한 복원이 이루어질 필요가 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> With the advent of the 2nd Stage (late 4th century ~ late 5th century), the western areas of the Jeollabuk-do province came under the dominion of Baekjae. However, most areas of the Youngsan River - barring certain foothold territories - still retained their political and cultural autonomy. [/INST] 2단계(4세기 후반∼5세기 후반)에 접어들면 전북 서부 일대는 백제의 지배영역으로 편입되지만 일부 거점지역을 제외한 영산강 일대는 정치와 문화의 자율성을 누렸던 것으로 판단된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The present study presents fluctuations of occupational density during the Late Paleolithic in the modern-day southern Korean Peninsula based on the distribution of evaluated radiocarbon dates. In so doing, it attempts to explain the pattern of population fluctuation in terms of regional and super-regional interaction networks of Late Glacial and postglacial hunter-gatherers. [/INST] 이 글은 방사성탄소연대를 바탕으로 한국 후기 구석기시대의 유적점유밀도, 곧 인구변동을 추정하고, 이를 수렵채집사회의 광역교류네트워크의 측면에서 설명하고자 한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Jungdo type pottery [/INST] 중도식토기 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> hierarchy [/INST] 위계 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Various stands relevant to the issue can be broken down into two dichotomized models, indigenous development and importation models. Both have simultaneously explanatory strength and weakness but recently indigenous development model is winning support, because the proponents of the model have made efforts to develop complementary reasoning for its incipient form. [/INST] 그 양상에 대한 해석은 ‘재지설’과 ‘이입설’이라는 극명한 대립을 보이는 두 입장으로 나뉘지만 양자 모두 장?단점을 동시에 내포하고 있어 뚜렷하게 우열을 판가름하기 어려운 가운데 재지설이 자체적인 설명논리를 강화하고 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In contrast, the Sungtobungumyo region maintained the Mahan burial tradition until Phase IV. [/INST] 이에 비해 성토분구묘권에서는 IV단계까지 마한계 전통의 묘제가 지속된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> tile [/INST] 전 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Hypotheses originated from western archaeology have been referenced in the archaeological discourses about the sociopolitical changes in the prehistory and ancient history of Korea. [/INST] 歐美學界에서 발원한 몇몇 가설들이 우리 선사ㆍ고대의 사회정치적 변동을 설명하려는 고고학적 논의에 도입되기도 하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> iron ingot [/INST] 철정 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> For a proper understanding and explaining of, for example, the changes in domestic activities relevant to cooking and storing, patterns of communal surplus management and so on, calculating and reconstructing volumetric capacity of vessels should be preconditioned. [/INST] 예를 들어, 가내의 조리나 저장양상의 변화, 잉여의 관리 양상의 변화를 인지하고 설명하기 위해 토기의 용량복원 결과는 필수적이다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> forge [/INST] 단조 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> pedestal [/INST] 굽 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Rather, they were exploiting a large number of procurement locations. [/INST] 이들은 비슷한 종류의 식물자원을 많은 수의 식료획득장소에서 채집하였던 것으로 보인다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> double-edged stone axe [/INST] 합인석부 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The archaeological evidence from the Uluburun shipwreck and the Gelidonya shipwreck have the potential to shed light on the nature of the contact between the Mediterranean polities, as thousands of archaeological remains were found on these shipwrecks. [/INST] 이와 관련해서 특히 겔리도냐와 울루부룬 난파선 자료는 이러한 교역양상을 밝혀줄 수 있는 획기적인 자료로 세계적으로 주목을 받고 있으며, 이에 대한 연구는 최근까지 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The Mahan political bodies of the Honam region - in particular those near the basin of the Youngsan River - pursued active diplomatic relations with the Baekjae and Mahan political bodies in the mid-western regions, as well as Geumgwan-Gaya in the western part of the Gyeongsangnam-do province. [/INST] 호남지역, 특히 영산강유역의 마한 정치체는 중서부 지역 백제나 마한 정치체, 경남 서부의 금관가야와 활발한 대외관계를 보이게 된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> iron sickle [/INST] 철겸 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Honest and costly signals of good health conditions enhance trustworthiness and social prestige. [/INST] 값비싼 신호와 신뢰를 얻는 행위는 동물 및 영장류에서도 널리 보이기에 초기 인류의 행위 패턴으로 자리 잡았을 가능성이 크다. 이에 따르면, 사회적 경쟁이 증가하는 상황에서 값비싼 신호, 그리고 과도한 물적 소비와 전시 행위는 사회적 위신이나 짝짓기 기회를 높일 뿐 아니라 집단의 규모, 곧 인구를 적정한 수준으로 유지하는 역할을 한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> dagger hilt-shaped bronze implement [/INST] 검파형동기 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Research on burials in archaeology has mainly involved the identification of tomb type and the classification of the material. [/INST] 고고학에서 무덤 연구는 무덤의 형식을 확인하고 그에 따라 분류를 진행하는 것이 주를 이룬다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> As data management and intelligence capability become proxy indicators of national power, the risk provoked by high dependence on digital technology ironically increases. [/INST] 자료관리와 정보력이 국력의 척도가 되었으나, 디지털 기술에의 의존 증대로 인한 위험마저 높아진 미묘한 상황을 맞고 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> kiln on flat land [/INST] 평요 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> spindle whorl [/INST] 방추차 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> In terms of changes in its infrastructure, the prehistoric archaeology of Hoseo region, during the last two decades, shows slightly different trajectory against overall Korean one. [/INST] 물적 토대의 변화라는 측면에서 호서의 선사고고학은 지난 20년간 한국고고학 전체나 다른 지역 고고학과 유사하면서도 다소 상이한 양상을 보인다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> mountain fortress encircling a valley [/INST] 포곡식산성 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Among others, as informational materials concerning archeology, folk lore, and rock arts have been introduced, the discussion of the origin and identity of ancient Korean culture has even been further promoted. [/INST] 이들 유적 중 고고학?민속학 및 암각화 자료가 소개되면서 한국 고대문화의 원류와 정체성에 대한 논의가 한층 더 활발해졌다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Post processual archaeology attempts to re-examine various philosophical trends such as Marxism, Structuralism, Phenomenology and Hermeneutics with reference to material culture and to adopt the result of the re-examination into archaeological interpretation. [/INST] 후기과정고고학은 맑시즘, 구조주의, 현상학, 그리고 해석학 등의 다양한 철학적 조류들을 물질문화의 관점에서 재검토하고 그 결과를 물질문화의 해석에 적용하고자 하였다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> spade [/INST] 살포 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The results indicated that BSR was clearly found at least in some part of East Asia, and some of them showed evidence of initial plant domestication. [/INST] 검토 결과, 한·중·일을 포함하는 동아시아의 여러 신석기시대 유적에서 BSR의 증거라고 할 수 있는 동·식물 자원의 다변화가 확인되었으며, 작물 재배가 생계의 수단으로 일정 수준 이상 역할을 담당하였을 것으로 생각되는 지역들에서도 BSR이 목격되었다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Constructing a digital map system for cultural heritage of North Korea is suggested as one of the most urgent tasks precedent to substantial excavations. [/INST] 그 선결작업의 첫걸음으로 이미 알려진 북한 문화유산에 대한 디지털지도 체계 구축을 제안한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> gilt-bronze crown [/INST] 금동관 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> As a first step in such a holistic approach, I attempt to explore some aspects relevant to the temporality and spatiality of dolmen construction in the Hoseo region. [/INST] 본고는 그런 통합적 이해의 첫걸음으로, 호서지역 지석묘의 광역적 분포상과 축조의 시간성에서 보이는 특징을 파악하는 작업을 시도한다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> tripod with handle [/INST] 초두 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> paddle [/INST] 박자 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> maximum body diameter [/INST] 동최대경 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Based upon this, it has been argued that the diffusion of war chariot was possible by various processes including invasion and migration, war prize and adoption of new technology, and trade of prestige goods between peer polities. [/INST] 이를 통해 전차의 확산이 정복과 이주, 전리품의 획득과 선진기술의 채택, 대등 정치체 사이의 위세품의 교역 등에 의해 이루어졌음을 살펴보았다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> saddle [/INST] 안교 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> It is also assumed that the culture that emerged from the fusion of the Suseok-ri and Songguk-ri cultures, or the Songguk-ri culture of the inland region may have adopted the tomb tradition of this Establishment Period Phase 1 to form a unique regional tomb tradition. [/INST] 또한 수석리와 송국리의 융합문화나 내륙지역의 송국리문화에서도 성립 1기의 분구묘 전통을 수용하여 지역 내 독특한 분묘 전통을 건설하였던 것으로 추정된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Based on analytical results, the Proto-Three Kingdom Period in the area are differently subdivided depending on area ? four phases in Cheongju, three phases in Cheongwon, and two phases in Cheonan. [/INST] 각 지역 편년결과를 바탕으로, 淸州지역의 원삼국시대는 4개의 분기로, 淸原梧倉지역은 3개의 분기로, 天安淸堂洞유적은 크게 2개의 분기로 세분할 수 있었다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This paper focuses on the adoption of iron within Etruscan society from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. [/INST] 본 연구에서는 시간적으로 가장앞선 이탈리아 반도의 에트루리아를 중심으로 철 생산체제가 성립되는 과정을 살펴보았다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> layer [/INST] 토층 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> cleaver [/INST] 주먹자르개 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> shrine [/INST] 감실 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Calculating volumes of Bronze Age vessels has though sporadically been attempted for a relatively long time. [/INST] 간헐적으로나마 청동기시대 토기의 용량을 복원하려는 시도는 계속되고 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> This paper aims to identify the gender of deceased individuals by analyzing the artifacts excavated from Mahan tombs and by tracing the contemporaneous social organization and hierarchy. [/INST] 이 글의 목적은 마한계 무덤유적 출토유물의 분석을 통해 피장자 性의 식별을 시도하고, 당시의 사회조직과 계층성을 추적하는 데 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> Referring to cross-cultural studies, we can find some plausibility in the idea. [/INST] 해외의 사례연구에 비춰 볼 때, 그러한 결론에는 개연적인 측면이 없지 않다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> Lightening design [/INST] 뇌문 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> coffin platform [/INST] 시상 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> iron arrowhead [/INST] 철촉 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> trade [/INST] 교역 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> On the other hand, archaeologists have rigorously participated in the projects utilizing historical materials, which have been spurred by flourishing local autonomy. [/INST] 또한 지방자치의 활성화에 추동된, 역사적 소재를 활용한 사업에도 제법 적극적으로 참여하고 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> The purpose of this paper is to explain how and why the burial culture of the Honam region during the establishment of Mahan was different at the local level. [/INST] 본고의 목적은 호남지역 마한 성립기 매장문화가 지역권마다 어떻게 그리고 왜 다른지 설명하는 데 있다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> zooarchaeology [/INST] 동물고고학 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> settlement [/INST] 취락 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> mountain-shaped pattern [/INST] 산형문 </s>
<s>[INST] <word> blast pipe [/INST] 송풍관 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> They are mostly small-scaled settlements located in low mountainous regions, and their lithic assemblages are predominantly composed of quartz tools. [/INST] 대부분 구릉성 산지에 분포하는 소규모 유적으로서 석영계 석재가 지속적으로 사용된다. </s>
<s>[INST] <word> capstone type dolmen [/INST] 개석식지석묘 </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> As a result, it was confirmed that various British and European archaeological materials were effectively utilized in these history textbooks. [/INST] 그 결과, 이들 역사교과서에서 다양한 영국 및 유럽의 고고학 자료들 이 효과적으로 활용되는 특징을 확인할 수 있었다. </s>
<s>[INST] <sentence> It is highly likely that it was not only a symbol of social status or identity among the Mahan communities, but also a means of communication or solidarity among the elites. [/INST] 마한 공동체 사이에서 사회적 신분이나 정체성을 나타내는 상징이었을 뿐만 아니라 엘리트 간 대화 혹은 연대감을 형성하기 위한 수단으로 사용되었을 가능성이 크다. </s>

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