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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents to the clinic with complaints of occasional low-grade fever and joint pain for 1 month. She also complains of morning stiffness in the proximal interphalangeal joints of both hands, which lasts for 5 to 10 minutes. She recently noticed a pink rash on her nose and cheekbones. Her family hi... | A: Anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to a physician with recurrent episodes of coughing over the last 3 years. He mentions that his cough has been accompanied by expectoration during 5–6 consecutive months every year for the last 3 years and he experiences breathing difficulty on exertion. He has been a smoker for the last 10 ... | C: Hyperplasia of the mucus glands in the airways |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. Her last visit was 3 years ago. She feels well. One year ago, she underwent a tubectomy after the delivery of her third child. She does not take any medications. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. A Pap smear shows a hi... | C: Loop electrosurgical excision procedure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents to his physician with an acute burning retrosternal sensation with radiation to his jaw. This sensation began 20 minutes ago when the patient was exercising at the gym. It does not change with position or with a cough. The patient’s vital signs include: blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, heart... | E: Exercise stress testing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety syndrome presents after having undergone menopause 3 years earlier. Today, she complains of intolerable hot flashes and irritability at work and at home. The remainder of the review of systems is negative... | B: Known or suspected personal history of breast cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for a 1-week history of fever and generalized fatigue. Yesterday, he developed a rash all over his body. Two months ago, he had a painless lesion on his penis that resolved a few weeks later without treatment. He has asthma. Current medications include an albuterol inhaler. He... | B: Ibuprofen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pharmaceutical company is testing a new antidepressant. During phase I of the drug trial, healthy volunteers are recruited, and the effects of the drug on the cardiovascular system are studied. A graphical representation of the volume-pressure relationship of the left ventricle of the heart is given below with the ... | C: Gq-coupled receptor activation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A baby is delivered at 39 weeks without complications. Upon delivery, there are obvious craniofacial abnormalities, including micrognathia, cleft lip, and cleft palate. On further inspection, downward slanting eyes and malformed ears are seen. The child has an APGAR score of 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. T... | E: Mutation in the TCOF1 gene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman with a history of type II diabetes mellitus is started on lisinopril for newly diagnosed hypertension by her primary care physician. At a follow-up appointment several weeks later, she reports decreased urine output, and she is noted to have generalized edema. Her creatinine is elevated compared t... | D: Renal efferent arteriole vasodilation; decreased GFR |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old female with type I diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department with altered mental status. Her friend said that she has been out late either studying for upcoming tests or attending prayer group meetings. As far as the friend can recollect, the patient appeared to be in her usual state of hea... | B: Hyperkalemia is independent of the patient's total body potassium stores |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman visits the physician with complaints of difficulty swallowing and recurrent vomiting for the past 6 months. She even noticed food particles in her vomit a few hours after eating her meals. She has lost about 3.0 kg (6.6 lb) over the past 4 months. Her history is significant for a trip to Argentina... | C: Barium XR |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with severe right lower quadrant abdominal pain. She has a history of tubal ligation 3 years ago and a history of chlamydia treated 15 years ago. She usually has very regular periods, but her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. On exam, she is afebrile, HR 117, b... | D: Laparotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old female comes to the emergency department because of increasing back pain for the past 2 weeks. She is unable to perform her daily chores. One month ago, she fell and hurt her back while working outside in the garden. The pain subsided with over-the-counter acetaminophen. She underwent a left mastectomy ... | E: MRI of the spine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of progressive fatigue over the past 4 months. She noticed that she is feeling increasingly short of breath after walking the same distance from the bus stop to her home. She denies chest pain, syncope, lower extremity edema, or a cough. She denies difficulty breath... | A: < 1% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of worsening shortness of breath, bilateral leg swelling, and constant chest pain which is not related to exertion for the last 2 weeks. The patient underwent an aortic valve replacement surgery for chronic aortic regurgitation 1 year ago, and his postoperat... | D: Low voltage and beat-to-beat variations in the height of QRS complexes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a follow-up appointment. The patient was the front seat driver in a head-on collision which resulted in a femur and pelvic fracture which was treated appropriately. The patient spent 3 weeks in the hospital and was then discharged 2 weeks ago. The patient h... | D: Neurologic damage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, at 31 weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department because of confusion. Three days ago, she developed diffuse abdominal pain, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. She has a 2-year history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Four months ago, she spent 2 weeks in Belize for ... | B: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman presents with worsening fatigue and difficulty talking for the last few hours. Past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus, managed with metformin and insulin. Additional current medications are a pill to ''calm her nerves'' that she takes when she has to perform live on stage... | A: Masking of sympathetic nervous system dependent symptoms |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room for evaluation of malaise, dyspnea, and yellow skin and sclera. On examination, he is tachycardic, tachypneic, and the O2 saturation is less than 90%. The levels of unconjugated bilirubin and hemoglobinemia are increased, and there is an increased number of reticuloc... | D: Hemolytic anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain and nausea. He first began to have diffuse abdominal pain 15 hours prior to presentation. Since then, the pain has moved to the right lower quadrant. On physical exam he has tenderness to light palpation with rebound tenderness. Lifting... | D: T10 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with sepsis and treated with gentamicin. One week after her admission, she develops oliguria and her urine shows muddy brown casts on light microscopy. Days later, her renal function begins to recover, but she complains of weakness and develops U waves on EKG as shown i... | B: Hypokalemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A plain CT scan of the patient's head is performed immediately and the result is shown. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 101/min and blood pressure is 174/102 mm Hg. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?? {'A': 'Decompressive surgery', 'B': 'Intravenous labetalol therapy'... | D: Intravenous alteplase therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old Caucasian male is being treated for atrial fibrillation and angina complains of dyspnea on exertion. On exam, his heart rate 104-115/min and irregularly irregular at rest. He has no chest pain. You believe his rate control for atrial fibrillation is suboptimal and the likely cause of his dyspnea. You ar... | D: Hypotension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old male presents to the pediatrician with his mother for a well child visit. The patient drinks 4 ounces of conventional cow’s milk formula every three hours. He usually stools once per day, and urinates up to six times per day. His mother reports that he regurgitates a moderate amount of formula through h... | B: Counsel on positioning and thickening feeds |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department after losing consciousness. His mother states that he was running with other kids in the park when he suddenly fell down and became unresponsive for less than 1 minute. He has not had any immunizations due to their religious beliefs. The parents report that h... | C: Morphine, oxygen, IV fluids, and beta blockers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. He complains of weakness and diffuse abdominal pain. Morphine is administered and IV fluids are started by paramedics at the scene. On admission, the patient’s blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, heart rate is 103/min, respirato... | A: Exploratory laparotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman presents with fatigue, depressed mood, weight gain, and constipation. She gradually developed these symptoms over the past 6 months. She is G2P2 with the last pregnancy 9 months ago. She had a complicated delivery with significant blood loss requiring blood transfusions. She used to have a regular... | A: Free T4 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old right-handed woman was referred to the hospital due to concerns of a stroke. In the emergency department, the initial vital signs included blood pressure of 159/98 mm Hg, heart rate of 88/min, and respiratory rate of 20/min. She exhibited paucity of speech and apathy to her condition, although she compl... | A: Right anterior cerebral artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman, with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis, presents with pain, swelling and discoloration of her right leg and foot. She says that she started twice-weekly hemodialysis 2 weeks ago and has had no issues until 1 week ago when she noticed a warm, painful swelling of the back of her right ... | A: Heparin/PF4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency room because of pain in his right hip. He was found lying on the floor several hours after falling onto his right side. Ten years ago, he received a renal transplant from a living related donor. He has a 4-year history of type 2 diabetes. Current medications include predn... | B: Administer intravenous insulin and glucose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:After an initial assessment in the emergency department, the patient is sent for an urgent CT scan of the head. CT scan reveals a mild hypodensity in the left cerebellum. What is the most likely etiology/cause?? {'A': 'Arterial blood leakage', 'B': 'Arterial dissection', 'C': 'Cardiac emboli', 'D': 'Carotid stenosis'... | B: Arterial dissection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old female presents for initial evaluation by a rheumatologist with a chief complaint of back and joint pain. She says that she has been having mild pain for years, but that the pain has become worse over the course of the last 6 months. She clarifies that the pain is most severe in the mornings just after ... | E: Anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents with a rapid onset of severe, right periorbital pain, an ipsilateral throbbing headache, and blurred vision for the past hour. The patient says he was out walking with his friend when he felt short of breath. His friend gave him a puff of his rescue inhaler because it often relives his brea... | B: Get an urgent ophthalmology consultation. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and was recently started on erythropoietin for anemia. Her last hemodialysis session was yesterday. Current medications also include insulin, calcitriol, and sevelamer. She appears well. ... | B: Erythropoietin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man with alcohol use disorder is brought to the physician by his sister for frequent falls and an unsteady gait over the past 2 months. He has not seen a physician in 10 years. He appears emaciated and inattentive. He is oriented to person only. Physical examination shows a wide-based gait with slow, sh... | A: Small vessel hemorrhage in mammillary bodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing wrinkles on her face and sagging skin. She says that her skin used to be smooth and firm. Examination shows diffuse xerosis and mild atrophy, laxity, and fine wrinkles on the periorbital skin. Which of the following processes is most likely involved in ... | B: Decrease in elastin fiber assembly |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents with an inability to move her right arm or leg. She states that symptoms onset acutely 2 hours ago. Past medical history is significant for long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus, well-managed with insulin. The patient reports a 15-pack-year smoking history. Family history is significant ... | C: Elevated creatinine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old male presents to the emergency department because of shortness of breath and chest discomfort. The patient states his ability to withstand activity has steadily declined, and most recently he has been unable to climb more than one flight of stairs without having to stop to catch his breath. On physical ... | C: A paradoxically split S2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the family physician by his parents. They are concerned that he has had multiple nosebleeds in the last 6 months and is always sick compared to other children. During this time period they have also noticed the formation of multiple bruises on his extremities and dry-itching skin on his... | C: Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old, gravida 1, para 1 woman develops lower abdominal pain and fevers 4 days after undergoing a cesarean delivery under general anesthesia for prolonged labor. Since delivery, she has had malodorous lochia and difficulty breastfeeding due to breast pain. She has not had any shortness of breath or chest pain... | A: Endometritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her caretakers for a change in behavior. The patient lives in a nursing home and was noted to have abnormal behavior, urinary incontinence, and trouble walking. The patient has been admitted to the hospital before for what seems to be negligence from her c... | E: Osmotic demyelination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of increasing shortness of breath for 2 days. He is at 30th percentile for height and at 25th percentile for weight. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 144/min, respirations are 40/min, and blood pressure is 80/44 mm Hg. Bilateral crackles are ... | B: Polycythemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man presents to the emergency room for diarrhea. He states it is profuse and watery and has not been improving over the past week. He is generally healthy; however, he was recently hospitalized during spring break and treated for alcohol intoxication and an aspiration pneumonia. While on spring break, t... | E: Vancomycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 30 weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department because of progressive upper abdominal pain for the past hour. The patient vomited once on her way to the hospital. She states that she initially had dull stomach pain about 6 hours ago, but now the pain is located i... | D: Appendicitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old female is given omalizumab for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Omalizumab treats asthma through which mechanism?? {'A': 'Inhibition of IgE binding to mast cells', 'B': 'Binding to nuclear receptors', 'C': 'Inhibition of leukotriene binding to receptor', 'D': 'Inhibition of phosphodiesterase breakdown... | A: Inhibition of IgE binding to mast cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man seeks evaluation at an urgent care clinic with a complaint of palpitations for the past few hours. He denies any chest pain, shortness of breath, or sweating. He is anxious and appears worried. His medical history is unremarkable with the exception of mild bronchial asthma. He only uses medications ... | B: Selective β1-receptor antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old female college student is brought back into the university clinic for acting uncharacteristically. The patient presented to the same clinic 6 weeks ago with complaints of depressed mood, insomnia, and weightloss. She had been feeling guilty for wasting her parent’s money by doing so poorly at the univer... | A: Her diagnosis of unipolar depression is incorrect. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy has been suspended 5 times this year for arguing with teachers. He has presented a pattern of negativism and hostility that has lasted for about 8 months. When asked about the suspensions, he admits that he loses his temper easily and often blames the principal for not being fair to him. He usually ... | B: Hostile and disobedient behavior towards authority |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman patient presents to her family physician with recurrent retrosternal chest pain. She has had similar episodes for the past 7 months along with difficulty swallowing solid as well as liquid food. She recently completed an 8-week course of a proton pump inhibitor, but she is still bothered by the fe... | C: Manometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old sexually active woman presents with dysuria and urinary frequency. She denies any previous urinary tract infections (UTIs), but she says that her mother has had frequent UTIs. Her medical history includes type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cervical cancer, and hypercholesterolemia. She currently sm... | C: The causative organism is Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman with a history of nephrolithiasis presents with fever and acute-onset right flank pain. The patient says that 2 days ago she developed sudden-onset right flank pain and nausea which has progressively worsened. She describes the pain as severe, colicky, localized to the right flank, and radiating t... | E: Admit to hospital for percutaneous nephrostomy and IV antibiotics |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is developing a new vaccine. After injecting the agent, the immune response is recorded by measuring vaccine-specific antibodies at subsequent timed intervals. To induce the maximum immunogenic response, this vaccine should have which of the following properties?? {'A': 'Foreign intact polysaccharide ... | E: Weakened live microorganisms |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman with a seizure disorder comes to the physician because of fever, fatigue, and a productive cough with foul-smelling sputum for 2 weeks. Her temperature is 38.3°C (100.9°F). Physical examination shows dullness to percussion over the right lung fields. An x-ray of the chest shows a cavitary infiltra... | D: Periodontal infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the clinic for his annual health check-up. He currently complains of fatigue for the past few months. He has no significant past medical history. He admits to being sexually active with men and also is an intravenous drug user. He has never received a hepatitis B vaccine. His blood press... | E: Convalescent (window) period |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old construction worker presents to his primary care physician with a painful and swollen wrist joint. A joint aspiration shows crystals, which are shown in the accompanying picture. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?? {'A': 'Monosodium urate crystals', 'B': 'Hydroxyapatite crystals', 'C':... | A: Monosodium urate crystals |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents with epigastric pain over the last 6 months. He says the pain gets worse with food, especially coffee. He also complains of excessive belching. He says he has tried omeprazole recently, but it has not helped. No significant past medical history or current medications. On physical examinatio... | D: Give amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the emergency room with difficulty in breathing. He was diagnosed with severe obstructive lung disease a few years back. He uses his medication but often has to come to the emergency room for intravenous therapy to help him breathe. He was a smoker for 40 years smoking two packs of cigarett... | B: Low ventilation, normal perfusion and low V/Q ratio |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old African American male presents to the emergency room complaining of nausea and right flank pain. He reports that these symptoms have worsened over the past two days. His past medical history is notable for congestive heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. He currently takes ... | A: Inhibition of ribosomal 30S subunit |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of shortness of breath and dry cough. Eight weeks ago, she received a lung transplant from an unrelated donor. Current medications include prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine. Her temperature is 37.8°C (100.1°F). Physical examination is unr... | B: Donor MHC class II antigen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is developing a new intravenous medication that acts as a selective agonist at β-2 receptors. In addition to causing bronchodilation, this drug is most likely to have which of the following effects?? {'A': 'Decreased skeletal glycogenolysis', 'B': 'Increased gastrointestinal peristalsis', 'C': 'Periph... | D: Bladder detrusor relaxation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old female with a history of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) has a 3-year history of daily prednisone (20 mg) use. Due to long-term prednisone use, she is at increased risk for which of the following?? {'A': 'Hair loss', 'B': 'Weight loss', 'C': 'Pancreatic insufficiency', 'D': 'Systolic hypertension', 'E... | E: Pathologic fractures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl comes to the physician for an annual health maintenance examination. She feels well. She has no history of serious illness and her only medication is an oral contraceptive. Her mother was diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 42 years. She is currently sexually active with 1 male partner and u... | B: Nucleic acid amplification testing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset abdominal pain that is most painful around the umbilicus. The pain began 16 hours ago and has no association with meals. He has not been vomiting, but he has had several episodes of bloody loose bowel movements. He was hospitalized 1 week ago fo... | A: Mesenteric angiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 24-year-old male is brought to the emergency department because of fevers, congestion, and chest pain for 3 days. The chest pain is exacerbated by deep inspiration. He takes no medications. His temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F), blood pressure is 118/75 mm Hg, pulse is 130/min, and respirations are ... | E: Picornavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the physician because of chest pain and shortness of breath for 3 days. The pain is present at rest and worsens with deep inspiration. His temperature is 37.2°C (99°F), pulse is 102/min, respirations are 23/min, and blood pressure is 135/88 mm Hg. Examination shows decreased breath sounds a... | C: Prolonged immobilization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A concerned father brings his 2 year-old son to the clinic for evaluation. In the past 24 hours, the child has had multiple episodes of painless bloody stools. On physical examination, the child's vital signs are within normal limits. There is mild generalized discomfort on palpation of the abdomen but no rebound or ... | A: Stomach |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of abdominal pain and vomiting for 6 hours. His mother immediately brought him after noticing that he had gotten into the medicine cabinet. The mother is 5 months' pregnant. He appears uncomfortable. His temperature is 37.2°C (99°F), p... | B: Deferoxamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by a social worker from the homeless shelter. The man was acting strangely and then found unresponsive in his room. The social worker says she noticed many empty pill bottles near his bed. The patient has a past medical history of multiple hospital admissions f... | D: Liver transplant |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man presents to the physician because of bloody urine, which has occurred several times over the past month. He has no dysuria, flank pain, nausea, or vomiting. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. He is a 40-pack-year smoker. The vital signs are within normal limits. Physical ... | C: Cystoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for cardiac palpitations and hypothyroidism presents with cyclical lower abdominal pain and pelvic pain. Upon further questioning, she endorses difficulty conceiving over the last 12 months. On a review of systems, she endorses occasional pain with intercour... | E: Laparoscopy and lesion ablation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old girl is brought to the neurologist for management of recently diagnosed seizures. Based on her clinical presentation, the neurologist decides to start a medication that works by blocking thalamic T-type calcium channels. Her parents are cautioned that the medication has a number of side effects includin... | A: Absence seizures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist performed an experiment to produce hybrid viruses by mixing two different serotypes of influenza virus, H1N1 and H2N2, in a respiratory epithelium cell line. Several days later, the scientist collected the media and analyzed the viral progeny. She found the following serotypes of virus: H1N1, H2N2, H1N2, ... | B: Reassortment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of progressive weakness. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a violaceous rash over her eyelids and flat-topped erythematous papules over the dorsal ... | E: Ovarian adenocarcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of progressive lethargy, shortness of breath, and difficulty concentrating. His friends have told him that he appears pale. He has smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years. Neurological examination shows reduced sensation to lig... | B: Gastric carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of an 8-week history of blood in his stool. Two months ago, he had an episode of bronchitis and was treated with amoxicillin. Since then, he has noticed blood in his stool and on the toilet paper occasionally. The patient has had intermittent constipation fo... | B: Diverticulosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An overweight 57-year-old woman comes to her primary care physician for a routine checkup. She has no current complaints and takes no medications. Her mother and brother have type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Vital signs show a blood pressure of 145/95 mmHg, temperature of 37°C (98.6°F), and a pulse of 85/mi... | E: Digital fundus photography now, then yearly follow-up |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of unintentional weight gain, fatigue, and decreased sexual desire. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. His blood pressure is 149/88 mm Hg. Physical examination shows central obesity and abdominal striae. He has a prominent s... | D: Abdominal CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening shortness of breath for the past two weeks. Physical examination shows decreased breath sounds at both lung bases. The abdomen is distended and there is shifting dullness with a positive fluid wave. Ultrasound of the abdomen shows a large collection of p... | E: Ovarian fibroma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician because she has been experiencing intermittent abdominal pain for the last 2 weeks. She says that the pain is squeezing in nature, is located in the right upper quadrant, and is particularly severe after eating a meal. After a diagnosis is made, the patient a... | C: Contains large blood vessels and large lymphatic vessels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 7-month history of sleep disturbances, restlessness, and difficulty acquiring erections. He started a new job as a project coordinator 8 months ago. He has difficulty falling asleep and lies awake worrying about his family, next day's meetings, and finances. He ca... | E: Buspirone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new study shows a significant association between patients with a BMI >40 and a diagnosis of diabetes (odds ratio: 7.37; 95% CI 6.39-8.50) compared to non-diabetic patients. Which of the following hypothetical studies most likely yielded these results.? {'A': 'A study consisting of 1000 non-diabetic subjects; 500 p... | B: A study consisting of 500 patients with diabetes and 500 patients without diabetes comparing BMI of subjects in both groups |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 1-week history of fever, malaise, and chest pain. She describes the pain as 6 out of 10 in intensity and that it is more severe if she takes a deep breath. The pain is centrally located in the chest and does not radiate. Three weeks ago, she had a sore throa... | A: Intramuscular benzathine penicillin every 4 weeks for 10 years |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a wellness checkup. She recently had a DEXA scan that placed her at 2 standard deviations below the mean for bone density. She is following up today to discuss her results. The patient has a past medical history of asthma, breast cancer, COPD, anxiety, ir... | B: Estrogen receptor antagonist in the uterus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man with a history notable for alpha-thalassemia now presents to an urgent care clinic with complaints of increased thirst and urinary frequency. The physical exam is unremarkable, although there is a bronze discoloration of his skin. The laboratory analysis reveals a fasting blood glucose of 192 mg/dL,... | D: Recurrent phlebotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents with convulsions. The patient’s brother says that he found her like that an hour ago and immediately called an ambulance. He also says that she has been extremely distraught and receiving supportive care from a social worker following a sexual assault by a coworker a few days ago. He says... | C: Conversion disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of difficulty walking for 2 months. He has been falling to his left side when he walks more than a few feet. His speech has also changed in the past few months, and he now pauses between each syllable. He has never had similar symptoms before. He has hypertension and c... | D: Left-sided cerebellar tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the physician with a 1-week history of sharp, substernal chest pain that is worse with inspiration and relieved with leaning forward. He has also had nausea and myalgias. His father has coronary artery disease. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 110/min, and blood pressure is 130/... | E: Acute viral infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man presents to a dermatology clinic after his family physician finds an ulcerated plaque on the dorsal surface of his nose. This lesion has changed in size and form and has bled on multiple occasions even after the patient adopted sun-protection measures. The patient’s medical history is relevant for c... | A: Mohs surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman presents to your office after three days of fever and productive cough. She is taking Tylenol for her fever and her last dose was yesterday morning. She reports reddish brown sputum. She has a history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia for which she takes lisinopril and a statin. She has nev... | D: Optochin sensitivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents for a follow-up. She took some blood tests recently for her yearly physical, and her random blood sugar level was found to be 251 mg/dL. She was asked to repeat her blood sugar and come back with the new reports. At that time, her fasting blood sugar level was 130 mg/dL and the postprandi... | C: Acts as an agonist at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-Ƴ. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are conducting a study on hypertension for which you have recruited 60 African-American adults. If the biostatistician for your study informs you that the sample population of your study is approximately normal, the mean systolic blood pressure is 140 mmHg, and the standard deviation is 7 mmHg, how many participa... | C: 57 participants |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old male is brought to the emergency room after he was found to have a blood pressure of 180/100 mm Hg during a routine health check-up with his family physician. Past medical history is insignificant and both of his parents are healthy. He currently does not take any medication. The patient’s blood pressur... | C: Before test: ACTH high, after test: cortisol suppression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a wellness checkup. He states that he feels fatigued at times but feels near his baseline. The patient smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol occasionally, and has a past medical history of poorly controlled diabetes. His temperature is 98.6°F ... | A: Eplerenone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman comes to the physician because of an 8-month history of progressive fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations. She has a history of recurrent episodes of joint pain and fever during childhood. She emigrated from India with her parents when she was 10 years old. Cardiac examination shows an op... | E: Esophagus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-week-old male infant is rushed to the emergency department due to severe vomiting and lethargy for the past 3 days. His mother describes the vomiting as forceful and projectile and contains undigested breast milk, but she did not notice any green fluids. He has not gained much weight in the past 3 weeks and looks... | D: Correct electrolyte imbalances |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Thirty minutes after delivery, a 3400-g (7.5-lb) female newborn develops cyanosis of her lips and oral mucosa. She was born at 36 weeks of gestation to a 30-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0. Apgar scores are 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios. The patient's temperat... | C: Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula to the distal esophageal segment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Following a gastric surgery, a 45-year-old woman complains of severe nausea and vomiting on the second post-operative day. On physical examination, her vitals are stable and examination of the abdomen reveals no significant abnormality. As she is already receiving an appropriate dosage of ondansetron, the surgeon add... | B: Inhibition of dopamine receptors in the area postrema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with difficulty breathing, which began 1 hour ago. He has had persistent bronchial asthma since 3 years of age and has been prescribed inhaled fluticasone (400 μg/day) by his pediatrician. He has not taken the preventer inhaler for the last 2 weeks and visited an... | A: Inhaled albuterol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Six days after being admitted to the hospital for a cholecystectomy, a 56-year-old woman has high-grade fevers, chills, malaise, and generalized weakness. She has been hospitalized twice in the last year for acute cholecystitis. She had a molar extraction around 2 weeks ago. Her last colonoscopy was 8 months ago and ... | E: Infected peripheral venous catheter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old right-handed boy is brought to the emergency department because of difficulty speaking and inability to raise his right arm. The patient’s mother says his symptoms started suddenly 1 hour ago and have not improved. She says he has never had these symptoms before. No other significant past medical history... | D: Regular blood transfusion |
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